fl5^5 ^■. June 27, 1SS5.] THE n J ARDENERS' CHRONICLE. ^ Mecltis KHustratetr fountal OF Horticulture and Allied Subjects- (ESTABLISHED IN 184 1.) -(4" VOL. XXIII.-NEW SERIES. JANUARY TO JUNE. i885. LONDON: 41, WELLINGTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN, WC. 1885. LONDON : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS o G /6^ Toaa- Te The Gardeners' Chronicle, [June a;, 1885, JANUARY TO JUNE, 1885. Abies grandis, a large, 670 ; A. Merlen- siana, 179 ; A. religiosa, ^6 Abutilon, double. 54 Acclimatised Cedars. 114 Achillea plarmica fl.-pl., 286 Achiraenes picla, 57 Adianium cuncatum. 795 ; A. farleyense as a basket Fern. 319 ; A. novae-cale- donias. 792 ; A. pedatum. 606 Admiral Courbet Rose, 152 iEchmea Barleri. 825 -■Echmaea glomerata, 606 Adoxa moscliatellina, 826 Aerides Orlgiesianum. 501 Atrican Narcissi. 89 Agapetes buxifolia. 380 Agave americana, 638, 703 ; A. Oussel- ghemiana. 703 Age of the \'ictoria regia, 122 Algeria, cultivation in, 734 Allamanda, double. 704 Allium neapolitanum. 536 Alocasia guttata var. imperialis. 85 ; A. macrorhiza variegata, propagation of. 479 ; A. regince, 213 Alocasias, potting and culture of. 377 ; propagation and culture of, 479 ; pro- pagation from bulbils, 377 : propaga- tion of. 377 Alpine frame, 318 Alpine Orchids. 25 Alpine Pinks, nomenclature of. 822 Alpine plants, 374, 767 ; early flowering, 348 Alstrccmerias, 479 Amaryllis at Westonbirt, 609 Amaryllis-house at Messrs. J. Veilch & Sons', 373 Amaryllis, the, 22, 282 Amateur dealers, 122, 186 : growers for market, 90 ; market gardeners. 20 Amateur, what is an ? 84 Amateurs, Orchids lor, 25. 78, 271, 376 Amateurs, propagating case for, 478 American botanic gardens, the earliest, 448 ; exhibition, London, 605 ; florists' society of, 181 Amherstia, 819 Ammonia, sulphate of, per acre, 742 Araorphophallus virosus, 759 Ampelopsis sempervirens, 114 Anatomy of Ferns, 180 Anchomanes dubius, 668 Anderson-Henry library, sale of the, 280 Anemone sport, 733 Angra^cum eburneum at Birdhill, Clon- mel, 147 : A. fastuosum, 533 Annual report of Royal Horticultural Society, 248 Annuals, autumn sown, 802 ; new, yj Anthericum liliastrum, 286 Anthoceras viscosa, 766 Anthurium Andreanum, 153 ; propaga- tion of, 83, 2ir ; soil for, 211 ; from seed, 83 ; A. Lindigi, 215 ; A. Mar- garitas X , 183 Antwerp Botanical Congress, 573 ; exhi- bition, 307, 796 Aphelandra cristata, 414 Aphides, the first brood of 382 Apospory in Ferns, the discovery of, 338 Apple and Pear exhibition, Exeter, 314, 718 Apple and soils, 78, 278, 303 ; Blenheim Orange, 152 ; Bramley's Seedling, 8q ; Congress, report of the, 90, 121 ; cul- ture, 176, 677 ; free growing, 319 ; Golden Spire, 16, 112 ; King of the Pippins, 377, 446, 570 : influence of the soil and situation on the King of the pippins, 481 ; Margil, 377 ; JVIere de Manage, 16 ; and Pears, 246 ; British, 15, 503 : Canadian, 82 ; imported into this country, 26; Leicestershire, in; small for dessert after Christmas, 339 Apricots, 151 Aralia chinensis, 313 Araucaria imbricata, 15 Araucarias, 342 ; at Bushbridge Hall, the large, 146 Arboretum, the, 15, 341, 342, 763 Arboriculture in Printing-house Square, 7f6 Argentine Republic, fruits of the, 793 Argentine rural exhibition, 148 Aiisrema fimbriitum, 54 Aristolochia Sipho, 794 (see Dutchman s Pipe) Arnebia echioides, 767 Aroids. new, 45 Aromatic Apple, the, 377 Artificial manure for bulbs, 3B3 Ash, a Weeping, 57 Asplenium germanicum, 80, 121, 206 Aster argophyllums, 794 Asters, notes on the cvillivated, r3, 47, 142, 2o3, 306. 501. 534 Astrap?ea Wallichii. 85 Aucubas. berried. 380 Auricula and Carnation Society, the National, 24 Auricula, origin of the garden, 737 Auricula, Picotee, and Carnation Society {Southern Section), 86 Auricula, the, 415 Auriculas, laced, 576 Auriculas at Didtbury, izg ; double, 676 Australian Fern Paradise, an, 742 Australian Grapes, 769 Australia, Orchids in, 314 Autumn sown annuals, 802 Azalea, Indian or Chinese, 702 ; A. m- dica at Paris, 734 ; A. i. Deutsche Perle, 448 Azaleas, new Indian, 670 B Babylonian Gardens, 642 Bacteria on Orchids, 274 Badminton. 405, 483 Bagshot and Windlesham show, 20 Bamboo, square, 27S Bananas at Honduras, 802 Banksia ericifolia, 150 ; B. integnfolia, 54 Barkeria elegans, 83. 115 Barking ("Forestry "), 569 Bath show, vegetables at, 670 Bean, the Lima, 77 Beans, 13 Bearwood, 798 Beckwith's, Messrs., Lilies at. 412 Bedding in small gardens. 11 ; perma- nent, 785 Bee and Fruit Farming Company, 20 Beetle, the Truffle, 248 Begonia Mirax , 574 ; B. sceptrum, 378 ; B. socrotana, 12, 606 Begonias, new, 44 ; tuberous, 475 Behnia reticulata, 346 Belgium. Botanical Society of, 478 Bentham, G., will of the late, 86 Bentley Priory, 788 Berenczy Quetche, 60 Berlin Botanic Garden, Year-book of, 380 Bertolonias from cuttings, 243 ; from leaves, 243 ; propagation of, 243 Bignonia venusta, 346 Bird's-nest Orchis, the, no Blenheim Orange Apple, 152 Boiler, a patent, 153 ; new horizontal tubular, 88, 5to Boilers, 76 " Boletim Annual," 540 Booksellers as seedsmen, 671 Books Noticed ; — .\5clepiad. The, 576 ; Book-lore, 52 ; Botany, a Prac- tical Course in (F. O. Bower and S. H. Vines). 733 : Bulbs and Bulb Culture (D. T. Fish) ; Bulle- tin de la Federation des Societies d'Horticulture de Belgique, 246 ; Cac- taceous Plants (Lewis Castle), 180 ; Cacti (Lewis Castle), 482 ; Christy's Guide to Poultry Rearing (T. Christy), 246 ; Class-book of Commercial Cor- respondence, French and English (A. E. Ragon). 576 ; Clematis (Dr. Otto Kunze). 794 ; Cultivation of Vege- tables and Flowers (Sutton). 311 ; Der Garten (Jakob von Falbe), 25 ; Dew from the Roses in the Gardens of the Poets, the. 478 ; Dictionnaire de Botanique, 380 ; Electric Meteorology (G. A. Rowell), 414 ; English Flower Garden, the, 824; Fern Portfolio (F. G. Heath). 154 ; Forest Flora of South Austraha(]. S. Brown), 794; Gardeners' Year Book, the (Dr. Hogg), 188 ; Geology, Students', Elements of, Sir Charles Lyell's (P. Martin Dun- can) ; Malesia (Beccari), 180 ; Glenny s Illustrated Garden Almanac, 180 : Hen- frey's Elementary Course of Botany (Dr. M. T. Masters and A. W. Bennett). 735 ; Introduction A la Botanique (J. L. Lancssan), 794 ; Landwitthschafiliche Samenkunde (Dr. C. Harz), 576; Or- chid Album, 702 ; Orchids : a Review of their Structure and History (L. Castle). 735 ; Paxton's Flower Garden, 702; Practical Taxidermy (Montague Brown), 154; Rosarian's Year Book, 154 ; Text Book of General Botany (Dr. W. J. Behrens), 735 ; Tree Gos- sip (F. G. Heath), 576 ; Unbeaten Tracks in Japan, 509 : Where to Find Ferns (F. G. Heath). 794 ; Yarrell's British Birds, 794 ; Ye Narcissus (P. BirreA Sonne), r88 Botanic Garden, Birmingham, 637 ; Ja- maica, 574 ; Klausenberg, 278 ; Luck- now, 702 ; Oxford, 84 ; St. Petersburg, 24 ; the earliest American, 448 Botanical curiosities, 664 ; lectures, 572 " Botanical Magazine," the, 54, 344, 54°. 702, 796 Botanic Show, Orchids at, 823 Bougainvillea spectabilis, 670 Bouvardias, 731 ; new Continental, some, 213 Bramley's Seedling Apple, 89 Branching Potatos, 80 Brazilian Orchids, 25 Breathing of Plants, Bonnier and Margin on the, 180 Brighton, Orchids at, 670 British Apples, 15. 503 British Beekeepers' Association, 245 British Ferns, nomenclatiue of, 758 British plants, sudden appearance of, 142 Broccoli and Cauliflowers, 827 Broccoli, Late Queen, 796, 802 Brockhurst, Hellebores at, 1:4 Bromeliads, Antoine's, 244 ; new, 44 Brood of aphis, the first, 382 Brooms and brushes. 723 Brownea grandiceps. 380 Bnigmansia sanguinea. 383 Brunonia australis, 797 Brussels Sprouts, 59, 122, 230, 484 ; May's Northaw Prize, 154, 284 Buckinghamshire garden, notes from a, 144, 272, 471, 598 Buds out of place, 249 Beurre Bosc Pear, 6, H2 ; B. Flon, 30B Builders and designer of the temperate- house. Kew, 252 Bulbophyllum barbigerum, 665 Bulbous plants, new, 44 Bulb show, the Haarlem, 444 Bulbs, artificial manure for, 285, 383 ; hardy new, 76 Bulbs of Orchids, 78 Bull's Nursery, 147 Burmah, cheroots, 607 ; paper-making in, 542 Cabbages, 6ro, 672 Cabbage aphis, the, 741 Cabbage, Early Warwick, 769 Cactacese at New Orleans, 773 Caladiums, starting, 119 Calanthes at Greenlands, 50 Calanthe veratri folia, 578 Callipsyche aurantiaca, 245 Calceolarias at Bedford Hill House, 670 Californian Citrus fruits, 606; Onion seed, 'S3 . . Calotropis gigantea, 798 Cambridge Botanic Gardens, 20 Camden Wood, Chislehuist Orchids at, 608 Camellias. 284; blooms losing their centres. 318. 384 ; exudation and smut on, 319; buds falling off, 27 ; leaves, exudation from, 287 Camellias at Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons', 479 ; at Walton Lea, Warrington, 570; potting, 545 , ■ . Canadian Apples, 82 ; fruit, 82 ; fruit, cost of production, 82 ; shipment of, 82 Plums, 82 Canker in Melons, 512, 671 Canterbury Rose show, 20 Cantua depcndens, 802 Caoutchouc, imports of, 314 Cape Heaths, no Cape Orchids, 25 Cape, Pears from the, 444 Caraguaia Andreana, "Continental Novelties," 213 Carberry Tower, 473 Carnations outdoors, 10 Carnation and Picotee Society, the Oxford Union, 280 Carnation. 703 Carnations and Picotees, 413. 761 Carter's Ashtop Fluke Potato, 285 Carter's, Messrs., seeds for the micro- scope, ir7 Castanea pumila, 574 Castle Freke, Rhododendrons at, 578 Cat, fat Tommy, 579 Cattleyas at Tring Park, 729 ; at Messrs. Veilch's, Chelsea, 277 Cattleyas of the Amazon, notes on, 760 Cattleya, a remarkable, 758 Cattleya Brymeriana, 570 ; C. chocoen- sis, 178, 242 ; C. dolosa, 83, 115 ; C. Dowiana, fruit of, 501 ; C. gigas, 610; C. Lawrenceana, 374 ; C. MossiEe, 770 ; C. Skinneri var. alba. 597 ; C. Trianse. an abortive, 118 ; C. T. Back- houseana, 309 ; C. T. delicata, 309 ; C. T. Emilia;, 309 ; C. T. Emperor, 309 ; C. T. Leeana, 309 ; C. T. mag- nifica. 309; C. T. Normani, 309; C. T. Osmani, 309 ; C. T. Victoria Reginse, 309 ; C. Walkeriana and C. dolosa, 147 Cauliflower roots, 11 ; Veitch's Early Forcing, 89, 122 CauUflowers, sowing, 119 Ceanothuses, 794 Ceara rubber in Ceylon, 314 Cedars acclimatised, 114 Cedars at Reelick. the, 243 Cedar cones fertile, 146 Celeriac, 154, 187 Celery, 763 ; sowing, 119 Ci5liae Forestier Rose, 152 Cement cisterns for water, 734 Centropogon Lucyanus, 250 Cerasus Mahaleb, 375 Cercis siliquastrum, 763, 794 (see Judas Tree) Certificates of the Royal Horticultural Society, 84 Cestrum (Habrothamnus), 184 Chateau de Ferriires, 760 Chelsea, 822 Chemists and grocers as seedsmen, S79i 610 Cherkley Court, 75s ; Vews, the, 308 Cherries, 22, 667 Chicory, crimson leaved, 2t4 Chili, Miss North in. 77 China. Northern and Eastern, 311 Chinese Conifers newly discovered, 280 Chinese Vegetation. Abbe David's, 311 Chionanthus retusus. 729 Chiswick Horticultural Society, 796 Chionanthus retusus, 820 Chrjisya ternata, 794 Christchurch Botanic Garden, 249 Chrysanthemums and their culture, 509 Chrysanthemums, late, 23, 282, 248 ; late flowering, 119 ; new, 671 ; new, from Japan, 244 Chrysanthemum atratum, 286 ; C. La Nymphe, 440 Chrysanthemum blooms, untlressed, 38 IV The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. (June 27, 18. Chrysanthemum Society, National, the» 84, 118, 182 Chrysanthemum, the, 282, 676 Cinchona in ]aniaica, 766 Cinerarias at Woodside, Farnham Royal, 446 Cineraria Snowflfike, 510 Cineraria, the, 282, 676 Cirrhopetalum picturatum, 243 Citrus fruits, Californian, 606 Clarke, Colonel Trevor, 764 Clemaiis indivisa lobata, 384 Clianthus puniceus, 416, 702, 738 Climbers lor amateur's greenhouse, 246 Clivea miniata at Lythe Hill, 284, 479 Close fertilisation of Orchids, 773 Clover and grass seeds, 85 Clover sickness, 770 Club, Horticultural, 118, 766 Clutterbuck, Rev. J. C, 670 Coal, 117 Cockscomb in winter, 319 Cocoa beans, a moth injurying dry, 800 Codonopsis ovata, 792 Ccelogyne cristata alba, price of, 279 ; C. cristata as a commercial plant, 504 ; C. cristata Lemoniana, 316 Collections, educational, 182 Colonial notes, 249, 577, 663 Colorado Potato beetle, 572 Colours, nomenclature of, 50 Colour in flowers, 24 Colouring matters of flowers and fruits, 794 Columbia Market, the, 151 Commelyna coslestis, 114 Common garden insects, 565, 703 Common rights in Epping Forest, 346 Conference, a Primula, 702 ; see Orchid Conifers, Chinese, newly discovered, 280 Conservatory for Haarlem, 84 Conservatory, the, 763 Cool treatment of Nepenthes, 737 Coombe Wood, 759 Cordylines, New Zealand, 788 Cordyline australis, 802 Coryanthes, 144 ; bloom, dissection of, 143, 144 Coriusa Mathioli, 570 ; C. pubens, 570 CorydaUs Bigelowi, 'j']'^ Cotton, is it an American plant ? 769 Cotton plant, a new, 182 Covent Garden Lifeboat, 412 ; market regulations, 510 Cowan's patent pottery, 280 Cowper's country, 469 Cranberries, 371 Crassula pyramidalis, 545 Crewe Hall, 75 Crocus, spring, 314 Crotalaria semper florens, 54 Cryptomeria, excresence on, 416 Cryptostylis longifolia, 275 Cucumbers, culture of, 79 ; forcing, 151 Cucumber growing, 123, 187, 250 Cultivation, and what it does, 542 Cultivation in Algeria, 734 ; of Lettuce under glass, 502 ; of Plums under glass, 142 Cultures, new, in South Australia, 85 Culture of Cucumbers, 79 ; of plants in small pots. 5r3 ; the Potato, 439 ; of Vegetable Marrows under glass, 242 Cupressus macrocarpa, 176 ; a large, 153 Curiosities, botanical, 664 Curious instance of fruit protection, 662 Cutch, manufacture of, in Burmah, 606 Cutler testimonial, 637 Cyclamen, 23 ; a new type of, 536 Cypripedium concolor, 758 ; C. Gode- froyre, 49 Cymbi'dium devonianum, 49 ; C. Lowii, 598 ; C. pendulum van atro- purpureum, 759 Cypripedium, the, 178 Cypripediums, new, at Messrs. Veitch's, 277 Cyrtodeira fulgida, 58 Cyrtopodium Andersoni, 665 ; C. car- diochilum, aio, 343 Cytisus, proliferous, 246 ; C. Adami, 739 Dacrydium cupressimim, 663 Daffodils, doubling of the, 416, 448, 564, 578 Daftodils, 470, 540 ; double seeding, 441, 471 Daffodils, 502, 572 ; double, 502, 544,563, 692 Daffodils and insects, 671 Daffodil, 344 ; Congress, 412 Daffodil Committee, the, 444, 511 Daffodil Sir Watkin, 502 Daffodil names, 537 Dahlias, bouquet, selections of, 452 ; ex- hibition, selection of, 416 Dahlias, new, of, 1885, 240 Dahlias, Pythium on, 23 Dahlias, single, selections of, 452, 671 Dahlia, Grand National Show, 20 Dahlia reduplicata, "Continental Novel- ties," 213 ; Society, the National, 58 Dahha, 216, 480, 761 Daisy cutter, a new, 764 Daisy, Hen-and-Chicken, 742 Damage from hailstorm, 671 Dammara australis, 663 Daphne cneorum, 738, 767 Darwin statue, the, 733, 764 Date Palms at Luckaow, 762 Date Palm, the, 52 Dealers, amateur, 122 Deformed Fir branch, 274 Delphiniums, new, 316 Dendrobiums, pruning, 219, 250, 285, 318. 538, 578 ; seedhng, 768 Dendrobium, a new seedling, 212 Dendrobium cruentum, 243 ; D. draco- nis, 759 ; D. Hasselti, 210 ; D. erosum, 174 ; D. nobile, 570 ; D. nobile pruned, 538 ; D. nobile vars., 505 Dendrobium speciosum, 180, 242, 243, 284, 319 ; D. splendidissimum, 277 ; D. Wardianum, 377, 448 Destruction of the Holt Elm, 46 ; of slugs and grubs, 58 Devon notes, 801 Dianella, petalody of the ovules, 576 Didsbury, Auriculas at, 119 Dieffenbachias, the propagation and cul- ture of, 506 Dinner to employes at Harefield Grove, Uxbridge, 446 Dion edule, 213 Dipladenias, propagation of, 575 Dischidia, pitcher of, 278 Diseases and non-germination of Peas, 768 Diseases of Orchids caused by fungi, 693 Diseases of plants, 572 ; and sulphide of potassium, 276 Diseases of Potatos, 60 Disease, Eucharis, 448 Disease of Narcissus, 671 Disease of Rhododendron roots, 241 Disease of Spinach, 480 Does fruit larming pay ?, 579 Dolichos sesquipedalis, 13 ; D. (sinen- sis?), 13 Doronicum platagineum excelsnm, 285 Double Narcissus poeticus, 767 ; Orchids, 638 Downside, Orchids at, 308 Dracaenas, propagation of, 677, 736 Dracaena arborea, j-^j ; D, gracilis, ^yj Drawing, 78 Drimys Winteri, 760 Dryas octopetala, 374 Dry-rot (Trockenfaule), 14 Dunmore Pear, 317 Dutchman's Pipe, 794 {see Aristolochia Sipho) Dwart trees, 54 Dytiscus marginalis, English water beetle, 351. 798 Ealing, Acton, and Hanwell Horticul- tural Society, 509 Early Melons, the cultivation of, 277 Early flowering Rhododendrons, 540, 799 Early Warwick Cabbage, 769 Eastern Africa, Snow Mountains of, 150 Easter Lily, the, 408 Echeveria, insect in, 125 Echium, hybrid, a. 279 Edinburgh School of Forestry, 279 Education of gardeners, 384 Educational collections, 182 Effects of pruning, 314 ; pruned and un- pruned Vines, 347 Electric light on plant growth, 374 Elder growing on Oak, 417 Elephant Sugar-cane, 676 English names for plants, 116 English f. 'American-grown Peas, 574 Ensilage, 122 Epidendrum Endresii, 504 Epidendrum polyanthum, 818 Epipactis palustris, no ; E. ovalis, no Epiphyllura Russelianum var. G^ertneri, 510 Epiphyllums, 80 Epiping Forest, common right in, 346 Eriska, 317 Erodium hymenodes, 733 ; E. macra- denium, 767 Espaliers, late Gooseberries on, 112 Eucalypti, 700 ; at Lucknow, 762 ; in Portugal, 801 Eucalpytus coccifera, 16 ; culture, 499 Eucharis, 27 ; E. amazonica, 24, 51, 90, ;t2o, 153, 187, 210, 511 ; by Dr. Michael. 180 Eucharis disease, the, 319, 383, 448 ; mite, the, 440, 543. 610 ; Michael on, 482 Euonymus japonicus, 446 Eupatorium atrorubens, 414 Evergreens, ^recently planted, protection to, 82 Excrescence on Cryptomeria, 4 16 Exeter Apple and Pear Exhibition, 118, 314 Exhibition, international, the, 20 ; of Tulips, Haarlem, 703 Extreme north of Scotland, the, 9 Extraordinary tithes, 182 Fair Daffodils, 346 Fairy rings and moles, 769 Fancy Pansies at Boreatton, 670 Faradaya papuana, 220 Farmers' and Gardeners' Mutual Aid Association, 825 Fasciated Medlar, a, 112 Feast of Chinese Primroses, a, 207 Ferns, anatomy of, 180 ; and Lycopods, new, 43 ; discovery of apospory in, 338; filmy, 310, 338, 406; hardy, 21; in hanging baskets, 342 ; Jamaican, 606 ; nomenclature of British, 758 Fernside, Bickley, Orchids at, 342 Fertile Cedar cones, 146 Fertilising and raising Fuchsias, 417 Fertilisation of Orchids, the, 602, 635, 671 Fibre plants, some West Indian, 575 Figs under glass, 119 Fig-house, late, 119 ; succession borders, 119 Fig trees in pots, 381 Filberts in flower, 187 Fill-ditch month, 278 Filmy Ferns, list of, 310. 382, 406 Finger-and-toe, 278 Fir branch detormed, 274 Floore notes, 543 Flora of the English Lake District, a, 605 Florists' flowers from seed, 10 Florists' flowers, 216, 248, 282, 452, 480, 506, 676, 761 Flowering shrubs at Gunnersbury Park, 738 Flowering stove plants, 603 Flowers and plants for the London poor, 606 Flowers by post, 58 Flowers, colour in, 24 Flowers, self- fertilised, 606 Flowers at Chepstow, 802 Flowers and fruits, colouring matters of, 794 Flowers in stained glass, 113 Flowers, mortuary, 173 Flower garden, a natural, 802 Flower garden, the, 21, 55, 87, 151, 215, 247, 281, 315, 342, 410, 443, 474. 538. 571, 603, 666, 731, 795, 823 Foliage plants, new, 44 Folkestone, winter garden at, 576 Food products, Japanese, 51 Forcing Cauliflower, Veitch's Early, 122 Forcing Tree Pseonies, 543 Foresters' and Gardeners' Benevolent Institution, a new, 378 ; for Scotland, 416 ; a proposed, for Scotland, 483 Forestry, 23, 53, 210, 310, 342, 442, 664, 729 ; Edmburgh School of, 215, 279 ; exhibition, the proposed, 58 ; schools, 668 ; school of, in Parliament, 660 Forests and climate. 273 Foster's Seedhng Grapes, a stock, 123 Foxglove, a malformed, 775 French Marigolds from cuttings, 545 French nurseries, notes from, 728, 758 French Walnut, 180 Franchise Act, the service clause in, 672 Freaks of Orchids, 277 Free growing Apple tree, 319 Friendly lift, a, 417 FritiUaria Sewerzovii, 414 ; F. Messa- nensis, 697 Frontignan Grapes, 446 Frost, 483 ; in the North, 446 Fruits of the Argentine Republic, 793 Fruits, new, in 1884, 148 Fruits under glass, 2r, 87, 119, 215, 247. 315. 343. 381, 410. 475. 539. 507. 571. 667, 731, 823 Fruit, and effects of manures on, 535 Fruit and flowers, market, sale of, 24 Fruits and fruit trees, home and foreign, 509 Fruit and vegetables, railwaycharges for, 214 Fruit buds on Pear trees, thinning on, 319 Fruit, Canadian, 82 Fruit crops in 1884. percentage of, 46 Fruit crop, the hardy. 609 Fruit farming, does it pay?, 579 Fruit garden, the hardy, 21, 216, 603, 795 Fruit growing at Ladds', 767 ; influence of soil and situation on, 481 ; pros- pects, 76B Fruit of Lycaste Skinneri, 737 Fruit notes, 60, 152, 317, 446, 481, 506, 6ti, 662, 768 Fruit prospects, 506, 669 768 ; in South Bucks, 611 ; in the Eastern Counties, 544 Fruit protection, curious instance of, 662 Fruit tree, a new, 734 Fruit trees, gumming of, 532 ; how to keep clean, 672 ; in bloom, protection of, 415 ; stations for, 612 ; on walls, protection of, 251 ; on walls, protecting blossom on, 273 Fuchsias, 373 ; Mr. Lye's, 209 ; new I Continental, some, 213; raising and] fertihsing, 417 Fuchsia trials at Chiswick, 824 Fungus in imported Lilium auratum, 154, 120, 2i3 ; on Juniper, 580 Furze Down, Surrey, 678 Gaillardia picta, 704 Gaillardias, root propagation of, 113 Galls on Maples, 805 Garden insects, common, 565, 703 Garden Palms, 410, 439, 798 Gardener bird, the, 605 Gardeners at the present time, 284, 318, 383 Gardeners, education of, 384 Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution, the, 24, 84, 244, 380 ; elected persons, 86 Gardeners, young, and Kew, 312 Gardenias, 610 Garden visit, a, 275 Garden walks, 696 Gas-lime, 153 ; for gardens, 89, 347 ; for old gardens, 217 ; for weeds, 86 ; in gardens, 249 Gathering and pickling Samphire, 512 Gawin Douglas and white Lily, 385 Genista praecox, 763 Gentiana verna, 737, 767 Geographicaldistribution of Orchids. (See Supplement, May 9.) Geranium armenium, 286 Germany, importation of plants into, 702; sending plants to, 20 Germination of Victoria Regia, 568 Gesnera macrantha, 607 Ghent Botanic Society, 766 Ghent floral committee, 244, 378 Gilbert, Dr., 20 Gilsland, 691 Gladiolus, Marquis of Lothian, 249; planting, 249 ; the, 415 Glasgow, Chair of Botany at, 344 Glasshouse shading, 453 Globe Artichokes, new plantations of, 247 Gloxinias, 827 Gloxinias, seed sowing, iig Golden Spire Apple. 16 Golden Yews at Tring Park, 753 Gooseberries, late, on espaliers, 112 Gooseberries, for market, 536 Gooseberry leaf, spotted, 775 Grafting Quinces, 148 Grand old gardener, a (Rev. H. T. Ella- combe), 670 Grapes, a method of keeping. 121 ; Aus- tralian, 769 ; bunch deformed, 487 ; ChasselasSt. Bernard, 317; Madresfield Court, a forcing var., 662 ; in January, a house of, 112 ; late, 671 Grape Vines dying, 662 Greenhouse, aspect for, 742 Greenhouse florists' flower, the Pelar- gonium, 317 Greenhouse softwooded plants, 699 Grevillea rosmarinifolia, 484 Grias cauliflora, 766 Group of Orchids, 637 Growth, 508 Gumming of fruit trees, 532 Gunnersbury Park, 576, 6og ; flowering shrubs at, 738 H Haarlem bulb show, the, 444 ; the quin- quennial show at, 414 Habrolhamnus Newelli, 737 Hackwood Park Prolific Tomato, 827 Hailstorm, damage from, 671 ; in 1666, curious record of, 6io Hairs on perianth of Narcissus, 543 Hakea laurina, 148 Halesia tetraptera, ^6^^ Hardiness of the white variety of Lapa- geria rosea, 153 ; ol plants, the, 407 Hard material to place under fruit trees, 612 Hardy bulbs, new, 76 Hardy florists' flowers, notes on, 415 Hardy fruit garden, the, 88, 151, 281, 343, 4". 475. 539. 667. 73t Hardy fruit trees, ornamental aspect of, 791 Hardy Orchids, 764, 798 Hardy plants at the Botanic show, 826 Hardy shrubs, 729, 794, 797 Harefield Grove, Tea Roses at, 446 Heaths, Cape, no Hellebores at Brockhurst, 114 Helleborus angustifolius, 540 ; H. cor- sicus, 316 Hen-and-chicken Daisy, 742 Henbane parasite, 176 Herbaceous border, the, 315, 479 ; Phloxes, 55, 385, 483 Hillia longiflora, 537 I The Gardeners' Chronicle.] INDEX. [June 27, 18I Hints for amateurs, 666 Hollies not bearing berries, 27 Holt Elm, destruction of the, 46 Hollyhock, the, 216, 4S0 Hoop-Petticoat Narcissuss, 767 Hopetoun House, 48 Horliciillural education, 579 Horticultural Gardens, Lucknow, 702, 735. 762. 790 Horticultural Society, Massachusetts, iiS Hothouse, is it a building ? 678, 70S Hoi-water pipes tarred, 25, 8g Hoya globulosa, 484 Hyacinths at Exeter, 380 ; new, at Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons". 478 Hyacinth, a curious, 4S2 Hyacinth, proliferous, a, 793 Hyacinth, the, 506 Hyacinth, Tulip, and Polyanthus Narcis- sus, 23 Hybridisation of Orchids, 628 ; results, 630: Hybrid Rhododendrons, 729 Hydrangeas, 769 Ice plant, the, 308 Tmpatiens Hookeriana, 20, 446 Imported Apples, 26 ; Orchids, 544, 579 Improvement in vegetables, 512, 543 Indian notes, 208, 762 ; Orchids, 20 Inflorescence of the Laburnum, 797 Influence of soil and situation on fruit, 481 Insecticide distributor, new, a, 182 Insects, 21, 785 ; and Daffodils, 671 ; and arsenic, 786 ; common garden, S^S- l^'i \ 3-nd msecticides, 786 Insects, 818 Insular distribution of Orchids, the, 26, 739 International Botanical and Horticultural Congress in Paris, 508 International Forestry Exhibition, 150 Inula glandulosa, 824 Ireland, Tobacco growing in, 154 Ireland, tree planting in, 824 Iris Milesii, 540 ; I. reticulata, group of, 567, 726 ; I. siylosa (Unguicularis) var. alba, 340 ; I. " The Mourning Bride," 672; I. "The Widow," 672, 738; I. " The Widow or Mourning," 703 Iron plate staging, 244 Jamaica, botanical appointments, 510 ; Botanic Garden, 574 ; changes in botanical department, 244 ; Elephant Sugar-cane in, 676 ; Ferns, 606 ; pro- duce of, 791 January, a house of Grapes in, 112 Japanese Anemones, root propagation of, "3 Japanese Rose hedge, 506 ; Tea, 15 ; vegetable food products, 51 Japan Lilies, 370 ; methods of starting, 448 Japan Plum, 45 ; name of introducer, 220 jardin des Plantes, 117 Jarrah wood, 386, Java, an invitation to, 270 jeypore, a trip to, 107, 140 John o' Groats, 9 Josephine de Malines Pear, 317 Judas tree, 794 (see Cercis siliquastrum) Junipers, 369 Kalamazoo Celery, 274 Kalmias, 738 Kennedya Marryattse, 180 Kentish Riviera, the, 139 Kitchen garden, the, 823 Kerosene emulsions, 790 Kew, 173, 214 : see Orchids Kew and young gardeners, 312 Kew Garden Guide, 733 Kew, history of Orchids at, 143 ; Orchids, &c., in flower at, 50; Palms, history of- 533 ; rockery, 797 Kilimanjaro, 241 Kilmarnock Orchis, 603 King George III.'s dessert fruit, 485 King of the Pippins Apple, 377, 384 Kitchen garden, the, 22, 56, 88, iig, 151, 183, 216, 247, 281, 315, 343, 381, 411, 443. 475. 507. 539. 571. 603, 667, 731, 763. 795 Kiitool fibre, 723 Klugia Notoniana, 741 " Kbhler's Medizinal Pflanzen," 572 Laced Auriculas, 576 Laslias, treatment of, 598 Lcelia acuminata, 242 ; L. anceps, 50, 210, 284 ; L. anceps Schroederiana, 342 ; L. autumnalis, 83 ; L. autumnalis and L. majalis, 242 ; L. bella, 277 ; L. majalis, 242 ; L. peduncularis, 243 ; L. Perrini nivea. 570 Lancashire show Tulips, 734. 771 Lachenalia pendula, 150 Lake House, Cheltenham, Orchids at, 442 La Nymphe Chrysanthemum, 4^0 I^apagerins in the open air. 54, 122 Lapageria rosea, hardiness of the white vars., 153 La Petite Culture, 175, 274 Late Chrysanthemums, 248 ; Goose- berries on espaliers, 112 ; Grapes, 319, 671 Lathyrus silvestris, 272 Law notes : Robertson v. Ralston, bowl- ing green dispute, 123 ; action by a florist for wrongful dismissal, 545 ; is a Iiothouse a building ? 678 Lawn tennis court, 420 Lawrie Park Orchids, 609 Laws, the Phylloxera, 346 Leaf structure of Orchids, 607 Leaves, 237 Leek, t8o ; a large, 310, 708 ; the Lyon, 417 Leeks, sowing, 119 Legal removal of shrubs, &c., from house garden, 252 Leicestershire Apples, in Lettuce, cultivation of, under glass, 502 ; Golden Trout, 214 ; Pelletier, 214 ; white Chavigny Cabbage, 737 Leucoium Hernandezii, 741 ; L. vernum var. carpaticum, 340 Library, sale of the Anderson-Henry, 280 Lifeboat service, 20 Lifeboat, the Covent Garden, 412 Light, polarised, effects of, 314 Lilies at Messrs. Beckwith's, 412 ; fungus on imported, 120, 154, 218 ; Japan, 370 ; Japan, methods of starting, 448 Lilium auratura, 512 ; starting imported, 348 Lilium bulbs, 383 ; L, Martagon, 86 Lily growing in Scilly, 483 ; imported, and their treatment, 57 ; of the Valley, 86 Lima Bean, the, 77 Lime and potash to remove tar from hot-water pipes, 90 " Lindenia," 116, 412, 637 Lindley Library, the, 824 Linnean Society, the, 148, 212, 344, 412, 766 Lisbon parks and gardens, 826 Lissochilus stylites, 786 Livistonia chinensis, 346 " Loco " weed, 244 Lord Cathcart on the Potato disease, 11 Lichens, nature of the, 308 Luddemanniana (Cvcnoches) Pescatorei, 628 Lucknow Horticultural Gardens, 702, 735. 762, 790 ; Rose tunnel in the, 508 Luisia Psyche, 797 Luton Hoo Park, 787 Lux calor gas stove, 610 Lycaste Skinneri, 178 ; fruit of, 737 Lychnis vespertina, 285 Lycopodiaceae, 439 Lye's Fuchsias, 209 Lyon Leek, the, 417 Lythe Hill, Mushroom growing at, 384 M Mackaya bella, 638 Madresfield Court as a forcing Grape, 662 Magnolia alba, 578 ; M. Carapbelli, 542, 578 ; ^L conspicua, 543, 575 Magnolias on the River Dart, 737 Mahwa flowers, 774 ; sugar, 170 Malaga, snow-storm in, 117 Malt, and its uses, 311 Mangifera indica, 478 Manuring, 21 Manures, 48 ; and fruit, effect of, 535 ; and Potatos, 534 Manures for Orchids, 641 Manure, artificial, forlbulbs, 285 Maples, galls on, 805 Marantas, propagation of, 283 Margottin, M. Jules, 702 Marguerites as bedding plants, 186 ; prizes for, 764 Market, amateur growers for, 90 Market and private vegetable garden, 313 Market gardening, profitable, 52 Market gardening, 115, 307, 694, 798 Market garden farming, 151 Market gardens in the Penzance district, 148 Market Goosebenies, 536 Market sale of fruit and flowers, 24 Market, the Columbia, 151 Mandevilla suaveolens, 285 Masdevalha acrochordonia, 174 ; M. tri- angularis, 147 ; M. Wallisii var, stu- penda, 473 Matthews' Strawberry tile and snail trap, 481 Maurandya Barclayana, 672 May Day Eve in the mommg, 727 Mayolte Island, 775 Medlar, (asciatcd, a, 112 Melloco, the, 217 Melons, 383, 667 Melons, good varieties of, 417 ; the culti- vation of early, 277 Melon canker, 384, 448, 512, 578, 671, 703, 770 Melon culture in pots. 347 Melon Glory of Bristol, 246 Membland Hall, 205. 238 More de Mi'nage Apple, 16 Methods of planting Potato crops, 503 Methods of starting Japan Lilies, 448 Metropolitan Boulevard Association, 412 Mexican Silver Fir, the, 56 Microscopical science, studies in, 378 Midlothian, the weather in, 671 Mildew on Roses, 8oi Millingtonia hortensis, 208 Mimulus from seed, 738, 770 Minnie Warren Narcissus, 513 Mite, the Eucharis, 440 Mixed V. unmixed Oak woods, 664 Monina obtusifolia, "Continental Novel- ties," 213 Monstera dehciosa, fruiting of, 412, 544 Moonock liland, the, 285 Morello Cherries, 151, 734, 827 Mortuary flowers, 173 Moss, Pine-apple culture in, 408 Moth injuring dry Cocoa beans, 800 Mountain Ash, a large, 571 Mr. Ladds', fruit growing at, 767 Mullein, 580 Muscari botryoides, 280 Museum, the Parkes'. 212 Mushrooms, 151, 249, 378 ; at high temperatures, 186 ; early, 609 ; pro- lific, 183 Mushroom growing at Lythe Hill, 384 Mushroom growing, 416, 512 Mustard, 339 Mvosotis elegantissima, 767 ; turning red, 801 N Names of Narcissus, 567 ; of plants, Royal Horticultural Society and, 84 Narcissi, 478 ; African, 8g Narcissus becoming double, 384 ; cala- thinus, 347, 385 ; committee, 280 ; disease, 579, 671. 672 ; doubling com- mittee, the, 482 ; earliest, the, 284 ; N. Emperor and N. Empress, 606 ; from the Scilly Isles, 346 : hairs on perianth of, 543 ; names, 567 ; maximus, 478 ; Minnie Warren, 513 ; monophyllus (Clusi, andalbus), 284; pachybulbus, 240 ; paUidus, earliest, the, 284 ; poeti- cus, var. verbanus, 672 ; Rip van Winkle, 240 ; Sir Watkin, 478 ; spurius, 478 ; Tazetta, var. Trewiana, 481 ; tri- andrus, 703 ; varieties of, 240 ; viridi- fiorus, 24 Natal, a day's ride in, 374 Naturalist, a Birmingham, 118 Natural flower garden, a, 802 Nature of Lichens, the, 308 Nepenthes, 123 ; under cool treatment, 737 New garden plants, 501 New horizontal tubular hot-water boiler, 510 New Indian Azaleas, 670 New Potatos, 186 New South Wales, the soil of, 54 New York State, Potatos in, 26 New Zealand, 577 ; notes, 663 ; Cordy- lines, 788 Nicotiana afftnis, 802 Nitrate of soda as manure, 381 Nitrates, 478 Nomenclature, 671 ; of British Ferns, 758 ; of colours, the, 12, 50 ; of Or- chids, 373 North American Roses, 541 North, Miss, in Chih, 77 Nottingham " lambs,'' 314 Novelties, Continental, some, 213 ; the latest, 43, 76 Nurseries, French, notes from, 728, 758 Nuttallia cerasiformis, 341 Oak supporting Elder, 417 Oak woods, mixed v. unmixed, 664 Obituary : — Archer, T. C. 321 ; Baker, Mr. G., 708 ; Bowie, Mr., 572 ; Bridger, James, 643 ; Cliffe, Mr. Peter, 124; Cross, J. W., 380 ; Glut- terbuck. Rev. J. C, 670 ; Cooling, Mr., 679 ; Davis, Stephen, 644 ; Don. James, 643 ; Downing, Charles, 239 ; Drewett, James, 708 : Epps, Mr. W. J., 708 ; Ewing, Mrs,, 679; Hardie, Mr. James, 15(3; Herbst, Mrs., 708; Hibberd, Mrs. Shirley, 124 ; Jeffreys, Dr. Gwyn, 156 ; Kingsbury, James, 61 ; Meikle, John, Alexander, 321 ; Munro, Mrs- S. H., 775 ; Rowe, Edward, 453 ; Sin. claii, Andrew, 387; Turner, Charles- 643 ; Veiich, Mr. Robert, 124 ; Welsh, J., 830 ; Wilson, F. W., 420 ; Wilson, Mr., Arundel Castle Gardens, 287; Phippen, George, 611 Odontoglossum Alexandrre, abnormal tints in, 512 ; O. anipliatum, 146 ; O. Brassia, 501 ; O. Marriottianum, 504 ; O. nebulosum, 246 ; O. Oerstedii, 316 ; O. Polleltianum, 504 ; O. Roezlii, 146 ; O. triumphans, 504 ; O. vexillarium superbuni, 83 ; O. viminale, 108 Odontoglossum crispum, 818 Odontoglossum vexillarium Kienasti- anuni, 818 Oldfield, Bickley, Orchids at, 377 Old ideas of gardens, 642 Old White Rocket attacked by larvas, 671 Oncidium Jonesianum, 570 ; O. Lance- anum, 146 ; O. luridum, 702 ; O. tri- cuspidatum, 758 Onion and Carrot seed growth, 218 Onion, Giant Garganus, 214 ; pale red Etna, 214 ; seed, CaUfornian, 153 ; sil- ver-white Etna, 214 Open-air culture of Orchids, 694 Orangery, the, 87 Oranges, 507 Oranges at New Orleans, 824 Ornithogalum gracile, 480, 769 ; O. arabi- cum, 602 Orchard-house, the, 88, 486 Orchard on fruit-sick soils, 481 Orchard, unfruitful, 27 Orchid Album, the, 346, 702 Orchids at the Botanic Show, 823 Orchids : — Orchid Album, the, 346 ; Orchids, alpine, 25 ; for amateurs, 25, 48,78. 17s, 271, 347, 376, 545, 602; ancestral state of, 596 ; at Antwerp, 637 ; Backhouse's, York, 442, 665 ; in Australia, 314; in Belgium, 635; at Birchfield, Manchester, 504 ; Mr, Bonny's, 115 ; at Brighton, 670 ; at Mr. Bull's, 147 ; at Lake House, Chel- tenham, 442 ; at Downside, 308 ; at Fernside, Bickley, 342, 665 ; at Colonel Gascoigne's, 790 ; at Ireland & Thom- son's, 666 ; at Kew, 50 ; at Kingsbury House, Shortlands, 442 ; in London nurseries, 600 ; at Messrs. Hugh Low's nursery, 114, 316; Lythe Hill. 83 ; Oldfield, 377, 696 ; Pickering Lodge, 49 ; Rosefields, 407 ; Selborne, Streatham, 695 ; Silverdale, .Sydenham, 377 ; Smallwood, 695 ; Westbrook, 474 ; Mr. B. S. Williams, 277 ; Wood- lands, 474 ; at Wood Lane, DidE- bury, 625 ; Messrs. Veitch 's, Chelsea, 277 ; bacteria on, 272 ; beetles, 642 ; Brazilian, 25 ; bulbs, 78 ; Cape, 25 ; Conference, 212, 250, 444, 627, 636, 639, 641, 670 ; cover- ing up in winter, 599 ; culti- vation of, 146, 184, 486, 538, 632, 792 ; in open air, 694 ; diseases of — bac- teria, 279 ; fungus, 693 ; distribution of insular, 739 ; exhibition, the, 605 ; fer- tilisation of, 602, 635, 671, 773 ; Frenchman's secret, the, 486 ; freaks of, 277 ; fruits, 501, 505, 544 ; hardy, 764 ; history of at Kew, 143 ; hy- bridisation of, 628 ; Indian, 26; imported, 416, 483, 544, 579 ; inex- pensive, 78 ; in general, 604 ; insular, 26. 739 ; leaf structure of, 607 ; ma- nures for, 486 ; monstrosities — double, 638 ; double and single, 595 ; Peloria, 596 ; Petalody, 597 ; three-lipped, 627; new, of the year 1884, 18 ; nomencla- ture of, 373 ; notes and gleanings, 178, 242, 377, 442, 504, 608. 665, 495. 729 ; potting. 78 ; proliferous roots o(, 627, 769 ; pruning of, 417, 449. 484. 544, 737 ; salt for, 486 ; seed, imperfect, 629 ; seedling, 78 ; raising, 629 ; time required for flowering, 630 ; time re- quired for ripening, 629 ; temperate, 26; at recent sales, 50; terrestrial, 638, 663, 699 Orchis beetles, 642 ; Bird's Nest, the, no Orchis weevils, 634 Orchis maculata, curious spike of, 802 Orwell Lodge, Ipswich, 376 Oxford Botanic Gardens, 84, 540, 732 Parks, the, 732 Oxfordshire, the Flora of, 478 PvEONiA arborea'in pots at Gunnersbury House, 479, 511 Pagonies, tree, 82 Pachystoma speciosa, 598 Palms, 143 ; garden, 439 VI ITie Gardeners* Chronicle,! INDEX. [June 27, 1885. Palms, garden, Catoblastus prsemorsus, Ceratolobus glaucescens, Ceroxylon andicola. 33S Palms at Kew, history of, c;33 Palm-leaf labels, 412 Palm, the Date, 52 Pansies at Pans, 734 ; fancy, at Boreatton, 670 Panax Murrayi, 246 Pansies at tlie Botanic Show, 822 Pansy Sooiety, Scottish, the, 825 Papaver umbrosum, 802 Papaw, the, 141 Paper making in Burmah. 542 Paradise and Victoria Nurseries, 728 Parasite of Henbane, 176 Parcel post, the, 380. 416, 545 Paris Horticultural Congress, 572 Paris International Exhibition, 278 ; Ar.alea indica at, 734 ; zonal Pelargo- niums at, 734 Passiflora Constance Elliott, 575, ^i,-j Pavia flava, 761 Peas, 449, 512 ; Bliss" Abundance, 214 ; competition in, 417 ; diseases of, and non-germination of, 768 Peaches, 661 ; and Nectarines, 22 ; in two stages of ripeness, 733 Peach trees under glass, 440 Peach, Waterloo, 570 Pear. Aston Town, 317 ; Beurre Bosc, 60. 112 ; Beurre Klon, 308, 446 Pear Congress, the, 764 Pear, Dunmore, 317 Pears from the Cape, 444 Pear, Josdphine de Malines, 317 ; Madame Huiin, 246 Pear trees, thinning buds on, 319 Pear, Triomphe de Jodoigne. 611 Peas in cold frames, 820 Pelargonium, the, 676 ; Parson's new, ^384 Pelargoniums, new Continental, some, 213 Penrhyn estate, remarkable trees on the, 177, 242 Pentstemon digitalis, 824 Penzance district, market gardens in, 148 ; notes, 153 Percentage of the fruit crops in 1884, 46 Perennial Candytufts, 738 Perennials, new. 76 Perigord pie, the true and false, 48 Peronospora effusa. 480 ; P. hyoscyami, 176 Pescatorea Klabochoruni, 412 Petalody of the ovules of Dianella, 576 Phaius grandifolius, 380 : P. maculatus, 598 Phalaenopsis Parishii, 598 ; P. Schiller- iana var. advena, 174 ; P. violacea, 570 Phaseolus vulgaris, 13 ; P. multiflorus, 13 ; P. lunatus. 13 Philesia buxifoha. 483 Philippine Islands, the, 447 Phloxes, herbaceous,, 55, 385, 4S3 Phormium tenax, 671 Photinia serrulata, 25. 146, 728, "j^i-^ Phyllanthus mimososides, 414 Phylloxera, the, 478, 508 ; laws, 56, 346 Phythium on Dahlias, 123 Piassava, 723 Picea Breweriana, 571 ; P. Pairyana glauca, 125 Pickering Lodge, Orchids at, 49 Pine-apples, 21 Pine-apple culture in moss, 408 Pine needles, 769 Pink, the florist's, 761 ; Tom Thumb Scarlet, 83, 122 Pinus Coulteri. 415, 478 ; P. Lambertiana, II ; P. patula, 108 ; P. Thunbergii, 344 Piptanlhus nepalensis, 794 Pitcairnia Maroni, "Continental Novel- ties." 213 Pitcher of Dischidia, 278 Plants and their culture, 21, 56, 87, 119, 151, 183, 215. 247, 281. 315. 342. 381. 411, 443, 475, 539, 603, 666, 699, 731, 763. 795. 823 Plants adapted for rooms, 186 Plants and cut flowers, (>-j'j, 760 Plants and the severe weather, 217 ; bulbous new, 44 ; diseases of, and sul- phide of potassium, 276 ; Dr. Kegel on the cultivation of, m ; English names for, 116; foliage, new, 44 ; for a dry bank, 580 Plants, hardy and half-hardy new, 76 ; importation of, into Germany, 702 ; in flower at ICdinburgh Botanic Garden, 414 ; in small pots, culture of, 513 Plants, miscellaneous new, 44 ; new com- mercial and drugs, 574 Plants, protection of, 218 ; spring flower- ing, 318 ; stove, new, 44 , sudden ap- pearance of British, 142 ; suitable for present forcing, 151; syringing, 1543; the hardiness of, 407 ; to blooni in winter for aquarium, 125 ; to Ger- many, 20 Plants, new, Described :— /Eranthus leonis, 726 ; Acrides Burbidgei splen- dens, 756 ; A. marginatum, 533 ; A, Orlgiesianum, 501 ; Angra^cum floru- lentum, 787 ; A. fuscatum, 726 ; A. rostellare, 726 ; Anthurium incon- spicuum, 787 ; Barkeria elegans and B. cyclotella, ' 140 ; Caltleya bicolor Wrigleyana, 206 ; C (labiata Mossice) Nalderiana, 756 ; C. resplendens, 692 ; Citrus medica var. Riversi, 344 ; Ccelo- gyne lactea, 692 ; Cypripedium cardi- nale, 270 ; C. leucorrhodum, 270 ; Cyrtopodium Saintlegerianum, 756 ; Dendrobium euosmum, 174 ; Dioscorea crinita, 344 ; Eria Elwesi, 438 ; E. rnonostachya, 532 ; Epidendrum falsi- loquum, 566 ; E. Paytense, 726 ; E. pseudo-Epiden, dnim, 406 ; Eulophia megistophylla, 787 ; Ipomcea Hors- fallia:;, 566 ; I. macrorrhiza, 566 ; I. ternata, 567 ; I. Thomsoniana, 567 ; Iris reticulata sophenensis, 470 ; I. Vartani, 438 ; Laslia anceps blanda, 206 ; L. a. leucosticta, 206 ; L. a, Sanderiana, 140 ; L. a. Schrccderiana, 342 ; L. purpurea var. pallida, 786 ; L. purpurea var. Schroederi, 786 ; Liparis latifolia, 532 ; Lissochilus stylites, 786 ; Masdevallia acrochcr- donia, 174 ; M. Wailisi, slupenda, 270 ; Maxillaria Kalbreyeri, 239 ; M. pri^sians, 566 ; Narcissus jonquilla var. Burbidgei, 756 ; Neviusa alaba- mensis, 344 ; Odontoglossum Ander- sonianum and O. hebraicum, 470 ; O. Brassia, 501 ; O. cirrosum Hruby- anum, 370 ; O. Coradinei albidulum, 787 ; O. C. Kinlesidiannm, 7B7 ; O. Pescatorei nielanocenirum, 239 ; On- cidium ludens, 756 ; Phalaenopsis Schilleriana advena, 174 ; Pleurothallis liparanges, 532 ; Pogonia Barklyana, 726 ; Rodriguezia Leeana, 692 ; Sacco- labium cceleste, 692 ; Solidago Drum- mondi, 344 ; Vanda Stangeana, 406 ; Vanilla Humblotii, 726 ; Vitis ptero- phora, 344 ; Warrea cyanea, 692 ; Zygopetalum pentachromum, 532 Plant Portraits :~Acer Heldreichii, 567 ; /Echmea cornui, 317 ; Agave Weisenburgensis, 206 ; Andersonia ccerulea, 567 ; A. depressa, 567 ; A. homolostoma, 567 ; Aphelandra cris- tata, 414 ; A. fascinator, 567 ; Angrae- cum Kotschyi, 346 ; Azalea M. jacquet, 699 ; Barkeria Lindleyana var. Center^e, 699 ; Begonia Gloire de Sceaux, 215 ; B. Mirax, 574; Behnia reticulata, 346 ; Bignonia venusta, 346 ; Bomarea caldasiana, 567 ; Brownea grandiceps, 380 ; Brunsvigia magnifies, 567 ; Ca- mellia Catherina Redolphe, 798 ; C. Madame P. de Pannemjeker, 699 ; Caryopteris mastacanthus, 317 ; Cat- tleya Mendelii var. Jamesiana346 ; Ce- reus C. M. Hovey, 380 ; Cherry Griotte de Schaarbeek, 798 ; Clematis tubulosa var. Hookeri, 317 ; Corydalis Gorts- chakowii, 574; Cypripedium cardinale, 798 ; C. Godefroyae, 346 ; C. insigne var. Chantini, 317 ; C. Spicerianum, 317 ; Echinocactus cyhndratus, 798 ; E. Le- contei, 798 ; Eichornea azurea, 317 ; Eupatorium atrorubens, 414 ; Fritiilaria Sewerzovii, 414 ; Galeandra nivalis, 699 ; Gentiana Andrewsii, 317 ; Heme- rocallis fulva var. longituba, 574 ; Hibiscus grandiflorus, 317 ; Ipomaia rubra ccerulea, 798 ; Korolkowia Sewer- zowi, 567 ; Leonotis leonurus, [699 ; Leptospermum Annse, 567 ; Lilium neilgherense, 567 ; Livistonia chinen- sis), 346 ; Mapania lucida, 798 ; Masdevallia chimasra, 699, 798 ; Mic- rostylis metallica Lowii, 798 ; Mik- ania aptifolia, 380 ; Narcissus cala- thinus, 347 ; Odontoglossum Pes- catorei, 317 ; Panax Murrayi. 367 ; Pescatorea Klabochorum, 412 ; Pieris japonica, 798 ; Pitcairnia Maroni x, 412 ; Phalsnopsis Sanderiana, 317 ; Phillyrea Vilmoriniana, 567 ; Phyllan- thus mimosoides, 414 ; Pteris japonica, 699 ; Rose Coquette des Blanches, 798 ; Sedum corsicum, 699 ; Thomasia glutinosa, '798 ; Trevesia Sundiaca, 280 ; Tulipa Celsiana, 756 ; T. Didieri, 756 ; T. elegans, 757 ; T. florentina, ']$■} ; T. fulgens, 756 ; T. Haageri, ']^'j ; T. retroflexa, 756 ; Vanda suavis, 346; Vriesiaamethystina, 798; V. retroflexax, 279; V. War- niingii, 278 ; Zamia tonkinensis, 380 Plant foods, 796 Plant growth and the electric light, 374 Plant life, 572 Plant structure, the plasticity of, 244 Plant truck, the Waddesdon, 512 Plasticity of plant structure, the, 244 Plums, the cultivation ot, under glass, 142 Plum, Japan, 45; Canadian, 82; the Washington, 768 Podocarpus spicata, 663 ; p. Totara, 663 Poisoning by Rhododendrons, 150 Political floriculture, 212, 244 Pollen pellets, S23 Polyanthus, the. 55, 318 Polygonum atftne Brunonis, 825 Polystachia Oltoniana, 766 Ponthieva maculala. 597 Poppy gall fiy. the, 152 Porona paniculata, 47 Position of stems, 801 Post, flowers by. 58 Posts, indestructible fence, 818 Potatos, 54, 146. 439 ; and manures, 534 Potato, Ashtop Fluke, Carter's, 90, 285, 382 Potatos becoming frost proof, 739 ; branching. 80 ; crops and methods of planting, 503, 543 ; diseases, 14, 60, 472 ; Lord Cathcart on the, 11 ; exhibition, 148 Potatos in New York State, 26 ; new, 186, 384 Potatos from diseased sets, 150 Potatos, protecting. 112 Potatos, the sclerotium disease of, 88, no ; sclerotiet of, 417 Potato improvements, Laxton's, 217 Potato sets, selecting. 123 Potassium, sulphide of, 352 Pottery, Cowan's patent, 280 Potting CamelHas, 535; Orchids, 78; stove plants, 247 Pot culture of Roses, 606, 696 Pot Roses, 606 Premature growths, 59. 89 Preparation of large trees for removal, 250 Prickly Pear in America, 798 Primroses, 531, 569 ; and Polyanthus, 535. 579 Primroses, a feast of Chinese, 207 Primrose Day, 540 Primulas, 23, 118, 767 ; at Messrs. Carter & Co.'s, 380 Primula alpina, 570 Primula Conference, a, 702, 802 Primula Auricula, 532 ; P. Balbisi, 532, 758 ; P. calycina, 569 ; P. carnio- hca, 569 ; P. ciliata, 570 ; P, Clusiana, 569 ; P. cortusoides, 570 ; P. commutata, 570 ; P. confinis, 570 ; P. crenata, 532 ; P. discolor, 532 ; P. Facchini, 532 ; P. iloribunda, 88 ; P. Florkeana, 532 ; P. glutinosa. 532 ; P. graveolens, 532 ; P. hirsuta, 569 ; P. integrifolia, 532 ; P. longiflora, 532 ; P. minima, 532 ; P. marginata, 532 ; P. Muretiana, 569 ; P. oinensis, 570 ; P. pedemontana, 570 ; P. poculiformis, 346 ; P, pubescens, 570, 758 ; P. Sciboldi. 573, 610 ; P. spectabilis, 532 ; P. tyrolensis, 532 ; P. venusta, 532, 758 : P. villosa, 569 ; P. viscosa, 569 ; P. Warei, 532 ; P. Wulfeniana, 532 Primula Conterence, 702, 802 Prizes of the Royal Horticultural Society, 4H Profitable market gardening, 52 Professor Rodigas. 572 Proliferous Hyacinths, 793 ; roots of Orchids, 627, 769 Prolific Mushrooms, 183 Propagation and culture of Alocasias. 479; of Anthuriums, 83; of Bertolonias, 243; and culture of Dieffenbachias, 506 ; of Marantas. 283 ; of Rhopalas, 55 Propagating case, amateur's, an, 478 Propagator, the, 2n. 479, 677. 736 Proposed Gardeners' and Foresters' Insti- tution for Scotland. 544, 579 Prospects for fruit in the Eastern Counties, 544 Proteinophallus Rivieri, 574 Protoplasm, continuity of, 117 Protecting Potatos, 112 Protection of bloom of fruit trees, 415 ; of wall-fruit trees, 251 ; of plants, 218 ; to recently planted evergreens, 82 Pruning Dendrobium, 250, 285, 318, 384. ^^^^ 578 Pruning, effects of, 314 ; Orchids, 250, 285. 318, 384. 417, 449, 484, 538, 558 Pyrethrum roseum, 8i Quinces, grafting, 148 Rafflksia, a new, 84 Railway charges for carriage of fruit, &c., 214 Rainfall and sugar, 638 Ranunculus alpcstris, 767 ; R. amplexi- caulis, 767: R. Lyalli, 186, 316,370, 480 ; R. White Hercules. 734 Ranunculus, the, 216, 762 Raspberry Merveille deQuatre Saison, 60 Red Cedar, 482 Redleaf, Penshurst, notes from, 316 Reelick, the Cedars at, 243 Kegel, Dr., 244 ; on the cultivation of plants, in Report of the Apple Congress, 90, 121 Retarding blossoms on wall trees, 153 Reticulata group of Irises. 567 Rctinosporas, 15 Rhododendrons, 801 Rhododendron argenteum, 482 ; R. Cavroni, 246 Rhododendrons at Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons', Chelsea, 501 Rhododendrons, early, 5^0 ; early flower- ing, 797 ; hybrid, 729 ; poisoning by, 150 ; roots, disease of, 241 ; Sikkim,542 Rhodotypus Kerriodes, 729 Rhopalas, propagation of, 55 Rhubarb, 768 Rhubarb, 827 Ribston, Cox's Orange, and King of the Pippins Apples, 506 Richardia sethiopica. 763 Richardia asthopica, 827 Rodigas. Professor, of Ghent, 344 Roots, II ; and oxygen. 542 ; Cauli- flower, II ; Strawberry, 11 ; Tomato, II Root propagation of hardy perennials, 113 Roraima, 243 Rosa rugosa. as a stock, 738 Rose Admiral Courbet, 152 ; Ciicile Brun- ner. 487 ; Celine Forestier, 152 ; Mar<*- chal Niel, 487, 603 ; W. F. Bennett, 212 ; Noisette Lamarck, 378 ; of ]ericho, 220 ; Show, Canterbury. 20 ; tree, a remarkable, 506 ; tunnel in the Eucknow Botanic Gardens. 508 Rosery. the, 339, 382, 447, 505, 536, 603, 696, 791 ; the coming struggle, 661 Rosery or rosary, 27 Rosemary, 472. 736, 769 Roses and Rose beds, 662 ; in the South of France, 479 ; in the South of Ire- land, the, 340 Roses, North American, 541 Roses, cuttings turning black, 319 ; pegged down, 791 Roses, pot culture of, 696 Roses, the language of, 344 Rothanisted expifriments, 412 Royal Botanic Girdens, Manchester, 214 Ruscus hypophyllum var. latifolius, 739 Saccolabium bellinum, 210 ; S. Blumei, 49. 572 Sadler, the late Mr. John, 510 Sagiltaria montevidensis, 54 Saharunpore Botanic Gardens, iSo St. Petersburg Botanic Garden, the. 24 St. Thomas, useful plants in the isUnd of, 501 Salt tor Orchids, 486 Salvia boliviensis var. verljcillata. 20 Samphire, gathering and pickling, 512 Sanguinaria canadensis, 767 Saprolegnia on a blackbird, 123 Sarcochilus Berkleyii, 597 Sarmienta repens, 734 Satyrium nepalense, 208 Sawdust, uses of, 571 Saxifraga Macnabiana, 738, 770 ; S. media, 801 Schizostylis coccinea, Helleborus niger, forced plants, 507 School of Forestry, 660 Scientific Committee, Royal Horti- cultural Society, subjects brought before the :— Achillea rupestris. 771 ; Adoxa mosch;itellina, diseased, 675 ; ,'l'>anlhus Leonis, 828 ; .\Ilium, 771 ; Anemone fulgens. 350 ; Aquilcgia cross, 771 ; Arum italicum, 418 ; Athrotaxis selaginoides, 828 ; Buds on Orchid roots, 219; Caccinia glauca, 771; Castor-oil fruits. 219 ; Canker on Haw- thorn, 513 ; Cedrus Deodara, decay of, 219; Chinese wax, 219, 513 ; Chi- monanthus grandiflorus, 513 ; Cocci on Apple bark, 771 ; Corn mildew, 828 ; Crocus speciosus, 91 ; Cucumbers gumming, 771 ; Cyclamen, double, 513 ; Cypripedium Hookerar, 513 ; Cypripe- dium, semi-double, 41B ; Daff"odil question, the. 91 ; Dendrobiums mal- formed, 771 ; Deodar diseased, 91 ; Dianella ccerulea, petaloid ovules of, 350 ; Diopea pulchella, 675 ; Douglas, David, 828 ; Eucalyptus, 513 ; Flowers exhibited, 771 ; I'orget-me-Not. 674 ; Frost, action of, 828 ; Fungus on Narcissus, 5x3 ; Garden flowers, 91 ; Ghost moth, the, 91 ; Gnaur on Taxo- dium scmpervirens, 350 ; Grevillea sulphurea, 771 ; Growth of British Orchids, 91 ; Hellebores, hybrid, 546 ; Hibiscus Hugelii, 418 ; Hollies and The Gardeners* Cnronicle,] INDEX. [June 97, 1885. vu Quercus Ilex attacked by insects, 675 ; Honey glands in Cattleya, 828 ; Hybrid between Begonia socoirana and B. subpeltata rosea (?) 41B ; Hydrocharis morsus ranas, propa- gative buds, 546 ; Impatiens episcopi, 546; Irises, 546 ; Iris reticulata attacked by millipedes. 418 ; I. stylosa, 350 ; Lagellalinteari.i, 674 ; Lapageria rosea, double, 418 ; Laurustir.us, 675 ; Liber- lia grandiflora, 771 ; Lily of the Valley disease, 771 ; Lychnis alpestris, 771 ; Lycoperdon, 771 ; NLignolia Camp- belli, 546 ; Ma?devallia leontoglossa, 219 ; I\Ielianthus major, 771 ; Mercu- rialis, monoecious, 771 ; monstrous Scilla. 771 ; Morchella sp., 771 ; Mor- modes diseased, 219; Mormodes, dis- eased leaves of, 349 ; Narcissus pachy- bulbus. 219; Nicotiana, hybrid, 674; Orchids, growth of British, 91 ; with supplementary lips, 350 ; .Kcidium Bet;e, 675 ; Fhaius tuberculosus, 350 ; Pinus Massoniana, 219 ; plants exhi- bited, $\^ ; Podisonia ?abin^e. 418 ; Potatos, red-spotted, 91 ; sclerotioids in, 218 ; presentation to the Lindley Library, 91; Piimulas. 513; (Indian) and the cold. 41S ; Privet, spiny, 3^0; Renanthera Lowi, 91 ; Richardia asihi- opica with two spathes, 418 ; Rhodo- dendron fulgens, 350 ; Saccolabiums and longicorn beetles, 675 ; sclerotioids of the Poialo, 90 ; in Potatos, 218 ; of Potato disease, 349 ; Seeds germinating in the fruit, 91 ; Silver Fir and coccus, 675 ; Sweet William leaves attacked by Puccinia. diant'-.i, 418; Teasels, 513; Tulips and Frilillarias. 546 ; Tulipa biflora, 350 ; Tu'ip, pistillody of peri- anth, 771 ; Vernation, 675; Vine shoots dying. 675 ; Weevils in Lentils, 513 ; Willow attacked by Cecidomya sp., 418 ; Wistaria sinensis, 546 ; Xero* phyllum asphodeloides, 771 SciUy Isles, Lily growing in the, 483 ; Narcissi from the, 346 Sclerotiet in Potatos, 4(7 ; Wilson's, 472 Sclerotioids of Potatos. 88, 418 Sclerolium disease of Potatos, no Scotland, Foresters' and Gardeners' Insti- tution for, 544, 579 ; Iruit prospects in, 672 Scottish Horticultural Association, the, 214, 510 ScutariaSteeli, 118 Seakale, 475 ; and Rhubarb, 120 ; grow- ing and forcing. 122 Seats in Botanic Garden, Jamaica, 542 Seeds, 378 ; Clover and grass, 85 ; as weights, 572 Seed farm, Messrs. Webb & Sons", 80 Seeds for the microscope, Messrs. Carter's, 117 Seedling Orchids, 78 : see Orchids Seedling Orchid, first notice of, 287 Seedlings of O'chids, raising, 629 Seed testing, 20 Self-instruction, tables for, 510 Senecio concolor, 798 ; S. elegans, 122 Setting of fruit and insects, 63S Severeyns, Mr., 117 Shading glasshouse, 453 Shepperton show, 702 Sheriffmuir, 337 Shirley Hibberd, Mr., 116 Short-horn Carrots in winer. 319 Show fixtures, 766, 798 Shrubs, hardy, 729 Sibthorpia europ?ea variegata, 85 Sikkim Rhododendrons, 542 Silverdale Lodge, Sydenham, Orchids at, 377, 608 Silver Fir, Mexican, the, 56 Sir Trevor Lawrence, 607 Sisyrinchium filifolium, 696 Sites and soils and suitable trees, 817 Sium Hillenianum, 542 Sixpenny telegrams, 512 Slugs and grubs, destruction of, 58 Small gardens, bedding in, 16 Smuts and cluster-cup3, 246 Snake's Head, the, 769 Snowberrie^, 770 ; poisoning by, 693 Snow Mountamsof Fastern Africa, 150 Societies :— Antwerp, 675 ; Bath and West of England. Brighton meeting, 773 ; Bath early spring show, 451 ; Caledonian Horticultural, 485 ; Chry- santhemum, the National, 246 ; Clifton spring show, 419 ; Crystal Palace, 707 ; Crystal Palace spring show, 450 ; Devon and Exeter. 676 ; Fdinburgh Botanical, 123. 286. 385, 514. 740 ; Glasgow and West of Scotland, 451 ; Liverpool Horticultural. 450 ; Manchester Hor- ticultural and Botanical, 706, 74! ; Massachusetts Horticultural, 246, 320, 385, 452, 515, 773. 804 : National and Central Horticultural of France. 508, 673. 698 ; National Auricula and Car- nation, 24. 59, 213, 511 ; National Chry- santhemum, the, 246. 478 ; National Rose, 89 ; Newcastle, 547 ; Paisley. 484; Royal Botanic, 418, 547, 674, 803 ; Royal Caledonian Horticultural. 450 ; Royal Horticultural, 90, 508. 509, 828 ; the new committees, 59. 81, 155 ; remarks on, 212, 218, 349, 418, 441, 513 ; and Auricula show, 546, 674, 704, 770; Royal Meteorological, 214, 344. 638. 766 ; Royal National Tulip. 740 ; ScotUbh Horticultural, 60, 320. 675, 772 ; Swansea, 4S5 ; Torquay Horticultural, 483 ; United Horticultural Provident, 214; Waliham Abbey Horticultural, 772 ; York Gala. 804, 829 Soil and Apples, 79 Soil, how made fertile, 17 ; of New South Wales, 5 I ; tillage of, 244 Soja hispida, 13 Solanum capsicastrum, 731 Soot, 581 Soudan, the, 669 Sources of timber supply, 26 South Australia, new cultures in, 85 Spanish Daffodils, the doubling of, 276 Sparmannia africana, 479 Spinach, disease of, 480 Spircea media, 283 ; S. rotundifolia alba, 283, 385 ; S. venusia, 286 Sprekelia glauca, 448, 502 Spring-flowering plants, 318 Stained glass, flowers in, 113 Stamp duty, 86 StanclifTe, new winter garden at, 340 Stanhopea grandiflora, 729 Starch, formation of, in Vine leaves, 790 Staiiccs, root propagation of, 113 Stipa, 542 Stove bulbous plants, 119 ; fine-foliage plants, 666 Strawberry plants for forcing, 610 ; roots, II Strawberry tile and snail-trap. Matthews', 481 Strelitzia regina, 212 Studies in microscopical science, 542 Sugar, Mahwa, 150 Sulphur fumes as an insecticide, 187 Sulphate of ammonia, quantity per acre, 742 Sulphide of potassium, 352, 378 ; and plant diseases, 276 Sunlight, direct influence on vegetation, 240, 276, 372 Sunshine recorders, 1 10 Syon, notes from, 503 Syringing plants, 543 Tables for self instruction, 510 Tacsonia Andersoni, 736 Tacsonias dying, 769 Tarred hot-water-pipes, 25. 89 Tea from Jamaica, 828 Teas or Noisettes, 382 Tea, Japanese. 15 Tea Roses at Harefield Grove, 446 Tea Rose houses, 269, 505 Tea Roses in April and May, 503, 536 Telegraph poles, 372 Temperate-house, Kew, builders and de- signer, 252 Temperate Orchids, 26 Terrestrial Orchids, 638, 663, 699 Testing seed, 20 The Firs, Sydenham, Orchids at, 609 Thibet, vegetation of, 371 Thomson, Mr. janies, 279 Three-lipped Orchids, 627 Thrinax graminifolia, 54 Thunia Veitchiana, 818 Thyrsacanthus ruiilans at Gunnersbury House, 314 Thurso, 10 Tillage of the soil, 244 'limber in the United States of America, 476 Timber supply, sources of, 26 Tithes extraordinary, 182 Tobacco growing in Ireland, 154 Tomatos, 152 ; and insects, 245 Tomato Hackwood Park, 764 ; roots, II ; the tree, 174 Tomato Hackwood Park Prolific, 827 Towoomba, a disastrous storm at, 386 Transplanted trees and shrubs, 58 Trees, dwarf, 54 Trees and the season, 826 Trees, preparations for removal of, 250 ; remarkable, on the Penrbyn estate, 177, 242 ; unfruitful, 207 ; unusual blooming of, 153 Tree fungus in Russia, 509 Tree Pceonies, 82 ; forcing, 543 Tree planting in Ireland, 824 Trevesia Sundaica, 280 Trevor Clarke, Col., 764 Trichoglottis fasciala, 665 Tring Park, golden Yews at, 763 Tritoma flowers in spring, 347 Tropasolum, tuberous, 487 Tropical-house, Cherkley Court, 382 Truffle beeile, the, 248 Trumpet of Judgment, 443 Tuberous Begonias, 475 Tubular bailer, new horizontal, a, 88 Tulip show. Royal National, 670 Tulip, the, 480, 762 Tulips from Mr. Ware, 756 Tulips, Lancashire, 771 ; Lancashire show, 734; new early, at Kensington, 414 Type of Cyclamen, a new, 536 U Ut.LUCUS, the, 284 Under gardeners, status of, 220 Unfruitful orchard, 27 United States of America, timber in, 476 Unusual blooming of trees, 153 Useful plants in the Island of St. Thomas, 501 Vaccintum erythrinum, 117 Vanda Cathcarti, 49 ; V. ccerulescens, 504 ; V. insignis, 115 Vanilla at Chelsea, 824 Varieties of Narcissus, 240 Vegetables, a list of the good, 22 ; at the Bath show, 670 Vegetables, improvement in, 512 ; of, 543 Vegetables, new, 1884, 148 ; new Conti- nental, 214 Vegetable culture, 275, 385 ; gardens, market and private, 318 Vegetable Marrow culture under glass, 242 Vegetation. Chinese, Abbe David's, 311 ; influence of direct sunlight on, 240, 276, 372 ; of Thibet, 371 ; of high latitudes, 606 ; uses of, 607 Veitch's Early Forcing Cauliflower, 89 Veitch Memorial Fund, the, 244 Venetian house, 378 ; sashes for glass- houses, 282 Ventilation, novel method of, 347 Verbesina Mameana, " Continental Nov- elties," 213 Veronica Ilulkeana, 729 ; the name, 176, 217 Victoria regia, 17, 45, 270 ; at Leigh Park, Havant, 79 ; age of, 122 ; germination, 568 Vigna, C"hinese Bean, 13 Vine border, 487 Vine leaves, formation of starch in, 790 Vine pruning, effects of, 765 Vinery, the, 183, 443 Vines, clasiiticalion of species, 180 ; inarching, 218 ; patching, 152 ; well fed, 800 Violet, Lady Hume Campbell, 575 Violets, Sw^nley White and New York, 249, 284 Viiis amurcnsis, 244 Vriesia lenestralis, " Continental Novel- ties," 213 W WACiir^NDORriA thyrsiflora, 789 Waddcsdon plant truck, the, 512 Waddesdon, 820 Walks in Epping Forest, 764 Wallflowers, purple, 671 Wall copings, 146 Wall fruit tree protection, 284 V/all trees, 21; retarding blossom on, 153 Water-beetle, English, 351 Watering, 21 Weather of 1884, 606 Webb & Son's seed farm, 80 Weeds and gas-lime, 86 Weed killer, "The Gardener's Friend," 738 Weeping Ash, a, 57 Wesibrook, Orchids at, 474 Westerham Nurseries, 54 Weigela Abel Carriere, 729 Well fed Vines, 800 What is an amateur? 84 Wheat, price of, in 1884, 280 White Cineraria Snowfiake, 510 White Hercules Ranunculus, 734 White Lily and Gawin Douglas, 385 Whiteway, Chudleigh, 702 Why do our woods not pay?, 16, 568 Widow or Mourning Iris, the, 703 Wilderness, Chithurst. the, 826 Williams', B. S. , Orchids at, 277; nur- sery, 535 Wilson's sclerotioids, 472 Winchester, 437 Window gardening, 659, 697 Window gardening, a novel'y in, 827 Winter garden at Folkestone, 576 ; new, at Stancliffe, 340 Wired garden walls, 287 Wistaria sinensis at home, 768 Woodland work, 599 Woodlands, Orchids at, 474 Woods, reason they do not pay ? 178 Woodside, Farnham Royal, Cinerarias at, 446 Woodwardia radicans, 27S Wood " Orchid," 679 Xylobium eloDgatum. 147 Yews, the Cherkley, 308 York Gala, 246 York nurseries, Orchids at the, 442 Young gardeners, a hint to, 122 Yucca filamentosa variegata, 803 Yucca Whipplei, 796 Zamia tonkinensis, 694 Zonal Pelargoniums at Paris, 734 Vlll The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [June «7, 1883. y 1ST OF ] LLUSTRATIONS. Abies (Tswga) Mertensiana, i3i Abies religiosa, 57 Adiantum novae caledonije, 792 Adoxa moschatellina, 827 AUamanda, double, 705 Amara obsoleta, 567 Anchomanes dorsalis, 703 ; A. dubius, 669 ; A. dubius, female flowers of, 668 Angraecum fastuosum, 533 Aralia chinensis, 313 Asplenium germanicum, 80 B Bacillus amylobacter, 14 Bartram's house, near Philadelphia, 449 Bearwood, 797 Bembidium bipunctatum, 703 Boiler, Foster & Pearson's, 89 Boiler, new, 153 Brassavola stricta, fruit of, 505 Buds out of place, 249 Camellia, woody excrescence on, 125 Carberry Tower, 477 Cattleya Acklandiae, fruit of, 544 ; a regular flowered, 597 ; C. Dowieana, fruit of, 501 ; C. Lawrenceana, 374, 375 ; seed and seedlings, 631 Cestrum (Habrothamnus) fasciculatuni, 185 ; C. roseum, 184 Charcoal truck, 732 Cherkley Court, 757, 765 ; tropical house at, 383 Chionanthus retusus, 821 Chrysanthemum La Nymphe, 440 Conservatory at Bentley Priory, 789 Coryanthes, sections of, 144, 145 Crassula pyramidalis, 545 Cryptostylis longifolia, 275 Cupressus macrocarpa, 177 Curcuho on Orchid, 633 Cyclamen, new type of, 536 Cypripedium, a double, 601 ; seed and seedlings of, 629 Daffodil, double wild, 249 Dendrobium, seed and seedlings of, 631 Dianella, petalody of the ovules of, 576 Disa grandiflora, seedling of, 632 Drirays Winteri, 761 Easter Lily, 408 Elder on Oak, 417 Entrance to Botanic Garden, Oxford, 541 Epidendnim Endresii, 504 Eriska, 317 Eucharis mite, the, 440 Excrescence on Cryptomeria, 416 Fir branch, deformed. 274 Fritillaria messanensis, 697 Fruit of Brassavola stricta, 505 ; Cattleya Dowiana, 501 ; Odontoglossum grande. S05 Fruits of Orchids. 472 Fuchsias, Mr. Lye's, 209 Gardener bird, the, 604 Garden insects, 565, 702 Gnaur in Taxodmm sempervirens, 349 Gooseberry disease, 831 H HakeA laurina, 149 Hillia longiflora, 537 Holly blossoms, 27 Home of the earliest American botanists, 449 Hyacinth, proliferous, a, 799 Impatiens Hookeriana, 445 Iris luberosa, 672 Japan Plum, 45 K Kefersteinia graminea, 636 Lawrence, Sir Trevor, 605 Leucoium vernum, 341 Lily-house at Oxford Botanic Garden, 85 Lima Bean, plantation of, 77 Laelia, a regular flowered, 600 Lucknow Botanic Garden, Rose tunnel in the, 509 Lycaste Skinneri, fruit of, 737 M Marshall's house in Philadelphia, 449 Masdevallia Wallisii var. stupenda, 473 Medlars, deformed, 113 Melloco tubers, 217 Membland Gardens, 245 ; Hall, 213 Minnie Warren Narcissus, 509 Mite, the Eucharis, 440 Moth injurious to dried Cocoa beans, 800 N Narcissus Minnie Warren, 509 ; N. pachybulbus, 241 ; N. Rip Van Winkle, 240 ; N. Tazetta var, Trewiana, 481 Nectarine flowers, 665 Nectria solani, 15 Odontoglossum grande, fruit of, 505 Orchid flower, structure of, 596 Orchid leaves, section of, 608, 609 Orchis beetle, 642 Orchid seedlings, 628, 629 Orchids, geographical distribution of, map. (See Supplement, May 9.) Orchids, group of. (See Supplement, May 16. ) Oxford Botanic Garden, the, 725, 733 Palms at Lucknow, 701 Palm nursery on the Riviera, 53 Papaw, the, 141 Peach flowers, 661 ; fruits, 665 ; leaves, 661 Pear, Beurr^ Flon, 308 Peas, disease of, 768 Peronospora efFusa, 480 ; P. hyoscyami, 176 Phalasnopsis seed and seedlings, 628 Photinia serrulata, 729 Pine needles, unusual position of, 769 Pinetum, Wildemrss, Chithurst, 825 PinusCoulteri, 409. 413 ; P. Lambertiana, II ; P. patuhi branch and cones, 109 ; P.palula, section of leaf, 108,; P. palula specimen of, 117 ; P. Thunbergii, 345 Poppy gall fly, 152 Potato, a branched, 81 Potato disease, starch grains attacked by bacilli, 15 Privet, spiny branches of, 351 Ranunculus Lyalli, 371 Roots, position of, 21 Rose Lamarck, 379 Rose tunnel in the Lucknow Botanic Gardens, 509 Saccolabium Blumei, 573 Satyrium nepalense, 208 Saxifraga media, 599 Sisyrinchium filifolium, 696 Spawn threads of Potato disease from sclerotioid, 348 Spiraea rotundifolia alba, 283 Strawberry tile and snail trap, 481 Tacsonia Andersoni x, 736 Trichobasis Lynchii, 693 Truffle beetle, the, 248 Truffle spores, true and false, 48 U Ullucus tuberosa, 216 Vanilla, column of the, 597 Venetian house, 282 Victoria Lily at Cherkley Court, 19 Victoria Regia, germination of, 569 ; leaf of, 271 Winter garden at Folkestone, 577 ; at Stancliffe, near Matlock, 340 Woodwardia radicans, 279 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE €fiitat)ltsl)eti 1841. No. 575.— Vol. XXIII. {series.} SATURDAY, JANUARY 3, 1885. { Registered at the General 1 Frico 6d Post-ofiBce as a Newspaper. >_ *, , SUPPLEMENT. J POST-FREE. jjrf. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. With this dumber is issued, Gratis, a COLOURED ALMANAC for 1885. CONTENTS. Almanac, the Amateur market gardecers Amaieurs, Orchids for . . Apple Golden Spire J M&re de Mtioage .. Apples, Biitish Araucaria imbricata Asters, notes on the culti- vated Beans Bedding ia small garden'; . Bee and Ftuit Fanning Corapaoy, the . . Begonia Socotrana Books noticed Cambridge Bjtanic Gar- dens Colours, th<: nomenclature 01 .. Dahlia Show, the Grand National .. Eucalypius coccifera Eucharis amazonica Flori:tt»' Hjwers from seed , „ seasonable notes on Flower garden, woik in the .. .. Forestry Exhibition, the . J work of the month.. Fruits under glassi work in the houses Gardeners' Koyat Benevj- lent Institution, the Germany, sending plants to M 19 j Gilbert, Dr. ao ! Hardy fruit garden, work 25 ■ in the 16 Impatiens Hookeiiana 16 Kitchen garden, wotk in the.. 15 Li'eboat setvice<, the Narcissus viridiflorus 13 National Auricula and Carnation Societies, the Pious Lambertiana Plants and their culture . . ,. of the year, new Potato disease. Lord Cath- cart on the ,, diseases, on . . Retinosporas . . . . 15 Roots . . . . . . 1 1 Rose Show. Canterbury . . 20 Royal Horticultutal Com- mittees, the .. .. 25 16 St, Peieriburg Butaoic 74 Garden .. . . - ■ 24 Science training at Cam- bridge . . - . . . 20 Scotland. the extreme I north of . . . . , . 9 2t ' Seed testing ., .. 2j 20 i Soil, how made fertile .. 17 23 ' Tea, Japane;e ,. 15 ! Timber supply, sources of 26 21 Victoria regia at Cherkley j Court 17 24 ' Weather, the ., .. z6 ' Woods, why do ours not 20 ! pay? .. . . ..16 ILLUSTRATIONS. Bacillus amylobacter . . . , . . . . . . . . 14 Holly blossums .. .. ,. ., .. ., .. 27 Neclria solani 15 Pmus Lambertiana .. .. .. ,. ,. ,. 11 Potato diseases — Starch grains attacked by bacilli .. .. 15 Roots, position of . . . . . , . . . , . . , . 2 1 Victoria Lily at Cherkley Court, the 19 r Now Ready. In cloth, I63 WE GARDEXERS' CHRONICLE, Volume XXII.. JULY 10 DECEMBER. 188,. W. RICHAkDS. 41. Welhnjton Slreel, Strand. W.C. HUDDERSFIELU CHRYSANTHEMUM S iCIETY. The NEXT EXHIBITION of CHRYSANTHEMUM and other FLOWERS m connecti'in wiih this Society, will be held on FRIDAY and SATURDAY, November 13 and 14, 1885. '■fl H E G aTeTe N E R S' R O YAL -1- BENEVdLENT INSTITUTION. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that the ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the members of this Society w,li be held at the Bedford Hutel, Coveot Garden. on WEDNESD.AY. the 14th of January next, for the purpose of receivine the REPORT of theLOMMITTEE and the ACCOUNTS of the Institution for the present year, and electing officers for the ensuing year ; also for the ELECTION of SIX PENSIONERS on the funds. The Chair will be taken at 4 o'clock precisely, and the Ballot will close at 7 o'clock prtcisely. — By order, EDWARD R. CUTLER. Secretary. 14, Tavistock Row. Covent Garden, December 30, 1884. P.S. The Voting Papers have all been issued, and Sub- scribers not having received one are requested to make immediate application to the Secietary. ENUINE seeds.— General CATA- LOGLTE of Kitchen Garden, Flower, and Agricultural Seeds, Plants, Roses, Vines. &c.. Implements, Garden Requi- sites, &c.. is now ready. Free to Customers. LAING AND CO.. Stanstead Park, Forest Hill. S.E. "IVTEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Orders are -i- ^ now being booked for the New Varieties of 1884 at lor. per dot. : Cuttings, 1883 Varieties. 4r. per doz. ; best Old Varielies. ir.W per doz, my selection. Post-free for P.O. CATALOGUE one stamp — R. OWEN. Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead. CEAKALE for Forcing — Superior selected ^ large roots, gor. per 1000. A remittance to accompany all orders. ALFRED ATWOOD, Market Gaidener, so, ShillinKton Sueet, Battersea, S.W. C Garden Flower Seeds, and Spring Bulbs. G. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jun., Bulb • Grower and Sdelsman, Haarlem. Holland, begs to announce that hi; CAl ALOoUE of the above is now ready, and may be had Free on application to Messrs. HSILBERRAD and SON, 23, Savage Gardens, IfOOdon, i!.,C pHCENIX RECLINATA.-Extra fine TO THE TRADE.— JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT AND BEALE'S Whoie^ale CATALOGUE of Seeds, &c., has been posted to iheir Customers. Should it have miscarried, another Copy will be sent on application to 237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C. Roses and Fruit Trees. IRELAND AND THuMSON beg to an- nounce that their stock of the above is this year specially fine and now ready to send out. Descriptive CATALOGUE with prices on application. Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre, Granton Road, Edinburgh. i To the Trade. WAITE, NASH, HUGGINS AND CO., have Posted their General CATALOGUE to all their Customers. If not received another Copy will be sent on appli- cation. 79, Southwaik Street, London, S.E. LI lYu M KRAMERI.— Good flowering Bulbs of this handsome and scarce Lily can now be supplied by the dozen or hundred. Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. TRONG MANETTI STOCKS, fit for immediate workine, 251. per loco, .£10 per lo.oco. A. M, C. JONGKINUT CONINCK, Dedemsvaart, by ZwoUe, Holland. ilium AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound Bulbs, 6s., gs,t icts., 185,, and 241. per dozen ; extra strong, 30J. and 42^. pet dozen. All other good LILIES at equally low prices. Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. To Osier OrowerB, Basket Makers, and Nurserjxaezi. BRADFORD AND SONS, Yeovil, Somerset, now Grow and Cut yearly joo acres and upwards of OSIER BEDS, and will quote prices to the Trade, according to quantity required. Samples and prices of Osier " Sets " on application. Tea Rosea. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully ripened, and are ready to start immediately into growth, CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied. To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c. ACATTANEO, COMMISSION SALESMAN, • 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. is open to RECEIVE CONSIGN MENTS of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS in quantities. Terms on application. WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, bcBtoinform Senders ihat GARDENIAS, EUCHARIS, and STE HH ANOTIS ar« in demand. ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, have now a demand for Tuberoses. Arum Lilies, White Bouvardias, good Roses. Chrysanthemums, &c. ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, ate open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMEN IS of To- matos, Cucumbers, Gros Colmar, Alicante, and Muscat Grapes. WANTED, Three large, trained, Pine-apple NECTARINES- Stale size and price to THE LIVERP(iOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (.Iohn Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool. Q U E L C H AND B A RN H A M, Long Marltet. Covent Garden. London, W.C, REQUIRE a quantity of fine Muscats, for which they can offer good prices, also fine Black Grapes. Tomatos, Cucumbers, choice Flowers, &c. Q Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M, ^^ giving personal attention to alt consignments, they are thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M. ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and CHEQUES forwarded weekly. BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES. BASKETS and LABELS supplied. ANTED, large ARECAS, SEAFOR- THIAS, KENIIAS, ASPIDISTRAS, and other ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGED PLANTS State sizeand Price. NEI.MAN AND CORNISH, Poitman Floral Hall, 29, Orchard Street, Portman Square. London, W. ANTED, NIPHETOS ROSE-sirong wood for grafts. Send Samples and Price to Mr. JOHN MOODY, a?. Fourth Avenue, Bush Hill Park, Enfield, Middlesex. ANTED, TURF, per loo, 3 feet by i foot ; EUONVMUS, PRIVET (OVALIFOLIUM only- no other kind). CUKRESSUS MACROCARPA. Send prices to W. WILLET'S Estate Offices, 6i, The Drive. Hove, Sussex, including cartiaee and delivery free to West Brighton Station. ANTED, FLOWER STICKS, STAKES of various sizes, DOG ROSE STOCKS, HOLLY Md YEW BERRIES. Evergreen OAK ACORNS, &c Foresters and others having the above to offer are requested to quote prices to EWING AND CO., Sea View Nurseries, Havant, Hants. The Subscriber can still Offer ROSES, Dwarf, on Manetti, very fine plants, all good sorts, at 31s. per loo, £g per looo ; MANETTI STOCKS, extra good, 25^. per 1000, £,10 loi. per 10,000 ; ASPARAGUS, very fine plants. 2-yr , gi.; 3-yr., lis. 6d ; 4->r., 17J. 6ii. ; all at per looo. 'J he best that money can buy. For cash with Older. R. LOCKE. The Royal Rose Farms. Redhill, Surrey. "OOSES. — The finest Show and Decorative -L*J varieties, strone, robust, hardily grown plants. Dwaifs, from fij. per dozen, 45J'. per 100 and upwards. Standards, from \3S. per dozen, 901. per 100 and upwards. Many thousands to select fiom, JAMES DICKSON & SONS, ** Newton" Nurseries, Chester. Hyaclntbus candlcans. BUDDENbURG BROS., BuLB GROWERS, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, offer the above, splendid white flo^vering bulb, at 50J. per 1000. FOR SALE, a quantity of WATER LILY ROOTS-NYMPh/EA ALBA ODORATA, stronc fl iwerinp roots. For particulars apply to The GARDENER, Hetidon Park, Higtiwood. Mill Hill.N.W. GLADIOLL — The best in cultivation, cheap. From the grand collection of varieties which gaiiitd the First Fuze at Crystal Palace, Dundee Intcinalional, and other ptincipal Flower Shows. Intendinff purchaseis should send for CATALflGUE to ALEX. E. CAMPBELL, Cove Gardens, Gourock, N.B. pHESTNUT (Spanish), Larch, Hazel, Ash, \J Birch, Willow, Oak, and Thorn Quick. Stout, well- rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold. GEO. CHORLEV, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst. Notice. CUT LILIES of the VALLEY and MAIDENHAIR FERN.— I beg to inform my Customers and the Trade generally that daily supplies of the above can be sent from December 22. Particulars on application. A few hundred ADIANTUM GRACILLIMUM in 48 pots, at 6j. per dozen, cash. T. JAMNOCH, The Lily Nursery-, Dersingham, Norfolk. PALMS, Strong, healthy, splendidly foliaged Latania borbonica and Seaforlhia elegans. 20 inches high, I3i. per dozen : sample plant, is. 30'. Latania borbonica, and Seaforlhia elegans, iz inches high, 25^. perico; sample dozen, 4r. Maidenh.nr Ferns, splendidly giown, 2cj. per 100; sample dozen, 3J. Packages and parcels post-lree.— Postal orders to THE GARDENER. Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, N. REAT CLEARANCE SALE of BULBS, all in fine condition. — Greatly reduced prices. LIST free on application to BARR AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. /■CATALOGUE, 18S5.— Having po.sted our ^<^ Calalogue. we shall be glad to hear if any of our Customers have not received their Copy as usual, that another may be sent. BIDDLES AND CO., 'the Penny Packet teed Company, Loughborough, Leicestershire. To the Trads. VINES. — VINES. — VINES. STRONG PLANTING CANES, 31. each. EXTRA STRONG FRUITING CANES, 51. each. Well ripened and shurt-j .inted. CALDWELL and SONS, The Nuiseiies, Knu'sford, Che>hire. C^RAPE VINES, Strong Fruiting and Plant- -< ing Canes; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey. OOSEBERRY TREES and Carter's Prohhc RASPBERRY.— Strong e-yr. and 3-yr. old Lan- cashire Lad amd Raspberry Canes for Sale. — Apply to W. WARREN, Worton Gardens, Islewoith, W. AGE PLANTS, is. Sd. per dozen. Order of R. BATH, Crayfoid, Kent. s s EAKALE and ASPARAGUS. Crowns for Forcing. Apply to WILLIAM BAGLEY. Milbhot Farm, Fulham, S.W. Asparagus Plants. CONNOVER'S COLOSSAL and GIANT, 3 and 4.years, extra strong. Piice on application. E. P. DIXON, The Nurseries. Hull. To the Trade. NEW EARLY RHUBARB-KERSHAWS PARAGON. WM. KERSHAW, Nurseryman, Brig- house, has pleasure in offering this fine variety, \i\ strong Roots, 6j. per dozen, i,os. per loo. The roots supplied by hira last season gave unqualified satisfaction. Please oblige by addressing all Orders to Aiiedale Nursery, Bingley. E' ASPBERRY CANES.— An immense quantity of the choicest Carters' Prolific and Fastotf for dispcsal. The Advertiser being the most extensive cultivator of Rasp- berries in England, special care will be taken to select Canes most suitable for a vigorous growth and an early fruiting. Lowest ca^h terms on application to R. BATH, Crayford, Kent THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 3, 1885. SALES BY AUCTION. Tuesday Next.-Odontoglossum Alexaudiffi. ■JYTESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS XtX are insiructed by Mr. F. Sander to include in iheir SALE, at iheirCrnirnl Sale Rooms, t? ard 68, Cheapside, E.C., on IUESDaY next. January 6, a wondeiful lot of masses of ODONTOGLOSbUM ALEXANDRA, in splendid condi- tion, about 400 lots. 1 hey are from a special newly discovered locality, and the Collector wiiies that it may be relied on that these are ihe finest varieties that ever came to this country. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. THE FALLOWFIELD LOLLECIION of ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS a-e lavonred with insuuctions to SELL by AUCTION, at iheir Ceritral Sa'e Room^, 67 and 68, Cheapside. E C, on TUKSDAY next, January '6, at half-oa-t 12 o'( lock pre- ciselj', a very valuable lot of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, compiijiny many large specimens and lare plants. Among othe s may be mentioned : — Laelia anceps Hilli Masdevallia Veitchi grandi- flora ,, ludibunda ,, Xrinthochoris ,, rosea ,, Roezli „ Chestertoni ,, chimsera aurea I, Harryana, Bull's blood original variety ,, Winniana Odontoglosbum coradinei ,, baphicanthuiu „ bicionense album ,, nebuloAum album ,. Ruckeriannm ,, Haili xanihoglossum Oncidium uigratum Vanda gigantea, grand speci- men Cypripedium selligerum >. ,. m-jus ., Chaiitint ,, Dauth'ert ,, Crnssianum Dcndrobium ciassinode, fine specimen ,, Ain^wo^lhi Aeridts maciilo^um, true „ virens Dayana ,, odoratum puiparasceas Cosloeyne Ma-sangcaua Ai,gul a Ruckeri Caultya Si^i. i.eri alba ,, Line leyana ,, Acklandis Prt mci £63 niicrojrhylla Saccoiabiura Haniicnianum album Calaiiihe Turneri LseUa purpuraia alba On view morning of Sale, aud Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. LILIUM AUUAIUM. KOSES &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUG I ION, at ihe.r Central Sale Rooms. t^ and 6?, Cheapside, E.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, Jaruaiy 7, at half-past iz oV lock p'tciselv, lo.cco splendid liulb^ o' LlLlUM AURATUM, just received from Japan; icoo MILL A bIFLURA, loco TiGRIDlAS. in three vaiietie. 20C0 crowi-s &f LILY of the VALLEY, icjoo English^ grtwn LILlhS, the best sons in cultivation; 4C0 Standard and oihtr Roses from an English Nursery, and other PLANTS and BULBS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next.— 10.000 Lilium auratum. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS wi 1 SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Ronm^, f7 afd 68, Cheapside, EC, on WtDNESDAY NEXT, January 7, lo.cco splendid Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM ; jut atrived ir- m Japan. The cases have been examined, and the loots aie very hi.e and fiesh. Friday Next. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS willSkLL by AUCTION. at iheir Cemral Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Lhe^p-ide, E.C.. on FRIDAY Nt X T, January g, by crcer ot Messrs. Shuttleworih. Carder & Co, imported ORCHIDS in very fine ctndidon, including Odontoglos>um cii>'^uni tAiexanOrse), extra fine mas^es ; O. citrosmum, Epideu- dium ntmorale, M- leet suptr of Glass and WOODWORK, span-roof SHOW H' .UaES. 5^.00 feet lun of 4. inch hot-water PIPING. 1200 feet of 3 i.nd 4 inch, thousands of good BRICKS. SLATE, SLAB, and W(.)UD STaGiNG, GUTTERING, Two Boiler. >, and other items. On view iwo days prior to the Sale. Catalogues had on the Premises; of Mr A. JOOVEY, Sulicitor, 18, Oichard Street, W, ; of F. WHINNEY. Esq, Ch-riered Accountant, 8. Old Jewry, E.C. ; and of ihe Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E. C. Wood Green, N.— Clearance Sale. MESSRS. PKUTHEROE AND MORRIS are l^^l^ucled by the Proprietor to SELL by AUC- TION, on ihr; Premisss, ihe Vineries, Nightingale Road, WoLjd Green, N , on TUESDAY, January 20, the whjleof ihe STt'CK and UTENSILS in TRADE, 10,000 Maidenhair Ferns, Pony Cart. &c. Furihrr particulars will appear next week. The valuable FkEhHOl.D NURSERY, of about an acre, with Five large GRLENHOUSE^, FITS. DWELLING-HOUSE, &c, is FOK iiA 1 . e , oil very moderate terms. Full particular^ of Messrs. Pr 'rheroe & Moriis. Flowering OrchldB. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS bf-e to announce that iheir NEXT SPECIAL SALE of OhCHlDS IN FLOWER wtil take place on TUESDAY, Januaiy 27, and they will be glad to receive notice of Entries as sooa as possible. Monday Next.— (Sale No. 6£ro.) 5000 LILIUM /^URATUM, frcm Japan, in splendid condition. 5000 extra fine TUBERf)SES. from South Africa. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by Al'CTlON, at his Gieat Rooms, 38. King Sireet. Covent Crden. W.C, on .MONDAY, January 5, at hall-past 12 o'Cloclc precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Monday. January 5.— (Sale No. 6810.) LARGE LILY SALE. 1000 LILIUM fZOVITZIANUM. 5CO ENORMfiU'; LILIUM AURATUM. Hundreds of the best JAPANESE LILIES, including Corldion, concolor, Hansom, Leichtlini, &c.. unusually large and in finest possible condition, have been for the last two months in England, and having been specially prepared for planting are equal to h tne.gtown Bulbs. Al o a small COLLEC* TION of other rare LIl IKS CYPRIPEDIUM JAPON. I CUM. a lew choice Z^M IAS just received Irom ihe Cape, wiih 01 her rare BULBS and ROOTS. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions fr.'m the New Plant and Bulb Company, to SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms 38, KingStieet, Covent Garden, W C, on MONDAY, January 5, at half-past r2 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. WedneEday Next -(Sale No. 6812 ) ROSES, FRUIT TREES, BULBS. &c MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Gaiden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT. January 7. at half-past 12 o'clock prtc sely. firat-class Standard, Dwarf and Climbing ROSES, Pyramidal FRUIT TREES of sorts, CARNATIONS PiCOTEES, PINKS, and other HERBACEOUS PLANTS: several hundred lots of DUTCH a. d other Hardy BULBS, SPIR/EAS, LILY of the VALLEY, DIELVTRAS. &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues bad. ThnrEday Next -(Sale No. 6813.) IMPORTED ORCHIDS, ARAUCARIAS, TUBE- ROSEs, S:c MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his G eat Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT. Jani.aiy 8, al h^lf.pa.t 12 o'Clcck precisely, an importa'irn of (JUONTO- GLOSSUM CRISPUM (ALEXAN DR.«), finest type, in -splei.did masses; CATTl.EYA DOWIANA, C. TRIAN^, Popayan variety; MaSDEVALLIA HARRYANA. TRI- CHOPILIA LOCCINEA, EPIDENDRUM PARKIN- SONIANUM, and BLETIA SPiClES. from Mexico, from Messrs. Shutileworih, Carder & Co ; Hardy CVPRIPE- DIUMS, in vaiiety ; five Cases of ARAUCARIAS, as received, containing an immense number of plants ; atoa South African TUBEROSES, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next,— (Sale No. 6S13 ) IMMENSE IMPORTATIONS frcm JAPAN. 5C03 LILIUM AURATUM. 2500 LILIUM LONGIFLORUM, t5oo LILIUM KRAMEBI loco LILIUM THUNBERGIANUM. toco LILIUM SPECIOSUM ALBUM, loco LILIUM SfECIOSUM ROSEUM. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SAl E by AUCTION, at hie Great Rooms. 38. King Siieel. Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, Janujry 8. C>n view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. TO BE SOLD, a FREEHOLD FARM, comprising House, Barn, Stables, and other Outbuild- ings, and 8 Closes, containing about 20 acres of good Land, suitable 'or a Fancy Farm, Hunting Stables, Nursery Grounds, or Building Sites for pood Villas. Prettily situated ou the south side ot Rugby, and about a mile from Rugby School, A bargain for a oracucal Market Gardener. Apply to the owners, Messrs. ABEL and SON, Alexandia House. Harrogate. A Rare Opportunity for Nurserymen. TO BE SOLD, by Private Treaty, owing to the death of the owner, ELM GROVE NURSE KIES, Newry, Ireland. These well known Nurseries are at present well stocked, and for nearly fifty years the proprietors (Messrs, M. Grant & Co.) carried on a splendid business. For particulais apply to THUS. J. MARRON, Solicitor, Newry, (^o, Down. To Market Gardeners and Nurserymen. TO LET, with Possession, about 6^ Acres of LAND with a House. StaMing. and Shed * at King- ston Vale, on the main road from Kingston to London, and about 2 miles from Putney, For particulars apply to Mesir.^ GLUTTON, 9, Whitehall PUce, S.W. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul- tural Market Garden and Estate AucTioNEtiRS and Valuers, 67 and c8, Cheapside, London, EC, and al Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. Fltty Nurseries, Market Gardens. Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS' HORIICULTURAL REGISTER contains full particulars of the above, and cau be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 61j, Cheapside, London, E.C. TMILLINGTON and CO., English • and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glass, White Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Mbrchants, 43 Commercial Slrtet, E. JOHN KENNARD'S HORTICULTURAL ti SUNrKlES, Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Pottery Depot. Caiilogue post-free of every Honiculiural Requisite. Swan Place. Old Kent Road. S E. EKtabh-shed 1854. B New Raspberry. A U M FORTH'S SEEDLING. PLANTING CANES, aoj. per too, is.kd. per dozen. IRUITING CANES, i^s. per rco, 5«. per dozen. Price to the Trade on application. K. P. DIXON, The Nurseries, Hull. STEPHEN BROWN, deceased.— Pursuant to Siaiuie 22 & 23 Victoria, caput 35, NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that all persons having any CLAIM AGAINST THE ESTATE of STEPHEN BROWN, lale of Weston-super-Mare, in the county of Somerset, Seedsman, Nurseryman, and Florist, who died on ihe 25th day of Novem- ber, 1884. and whose Will was proved on the irih day of Decern- _ ber, 1S84, in the Disliict Peeistry attached lo the Probatel Division of Her Majesty's High Court of Justice at Wells, byl Henry Brown, one of the Executors named in the said Will, are! requested to SEND IN WRITING the PARTICULARS of ■ THEIR CLAIMS to the undersigned on or before the 31st day| of JANUARY. 18S5. after which date the said Executor will! distribute the assets of the said deceased, having regard only tol the Claims of which he shall have had notice. WM. SMITH. WeMcn-super-Mare, Solicitor to the Executor. Dated this i8ih day of December, 1884. HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.—! Now is the season to plant and insure success. Writel for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and makef your choice from his unrivalled Collection. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER.- ALDER, ASH. BIRCH, ELM. Austrian PINE, MAPLE, OAK (English). PRIVET ovalifolia, PRIVET J Evergreen. All the above good stout stuff, from 2 lo I 4 feet. POPLAR in vaiiety. from 4 to 10 feel ; THORN f QUICK. 3. 4, and 5 feet : YEWS, extra strong ; SYCA- MORES. ^to6feet; BERBERIS AQUI FOLIA, ij^ to 2 feel; CUPRESSUS, various, 2 to 10 feei ; Golden ELDER. Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS, HOLLIES in variety, Ur^m t to Q feet : splendid stufT, all recently transplanted, IVIES m variety, LAURt LS in sorts. 2 lo 4 feel ; LILACS. 3 to s 'eet : RETINOSPORAS. in -.orts. 1 to 6 f.et ; English YEWS, 2 to 4 feet, fine stuff; AZALEA PONTICA. i to 3 feet; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and olher planting, from I inch to 3 feet : several hundred thousand choice named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeed plants ; Cunning- ham's White CAUCASICUM PICTUM JACKSONIANA. \ &c. Double Yellow and White PRIMROSES. For price and particulars apply to ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, The Nurseries, Milton, j Stoke-on-Trent. Fruit Trees of fine quality offeied to the Trade by HUGH LOW AND CO.I APRICOTS, Dwarf Maidens, Mo3r Park, and others,] 6oi, per 100. {,i^ las per 1000. ., Dwarl-trained. 24J. and 301. per dozen. £g per ico. CHERRIES, Dwarf Maiden (except May Duke), 401. per 100 ' ,, Dwarf-trained, 18s. 2ii. perdozen. ,, 2 vear, feathered, 6oj. per ico. DAMl-ON, Fatleigh Prolific, Dwarf Maiden, 505., 6oj. per ico NECTARINESand PEACHES, Dwarf Maiden, 6or. per ico, £2'j iQS. per 1000. ., Dw.irf-tiained, 24J , 30J. per dozen, £S lOJ. per 100. PEARS. Dwarf Maiden on Pear and Quince, 40J. per ico. ,. Dwarf-lrained. 21s , 24s. per dozen. „ Pyramids on Quince, 50s., Cor. per 100. ,, 2-year, feathered, on Pear stock, 50s. per 100. PLUMS, Dwarf Maiden, 401. per 100 „ Dwarf-trained, i8i,, 21J , 24f. per dozen, £7 per ico. ,, z-year, feaiherfd, 50J., 60., per 100. Clapton Nursery, Lordon, E. Lilium auratum, Cjpripedium japonicum, Lilium Szovitzianum, L. Hansoni, And oihers from Japan, all in magnificent condition : L. MARTAGON ALBUM, very large ; North American LILItS. CALOCHORTI in variety, CVPRIPEDIA to hand, IRIS, NARCISSI. GLADIOLI, ORCHIDS, BULBS fir Spring Planting &c. NEW ZEALAND SEEDS, Filmy FERNS, and others. The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester. PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES. Gentlemen desirous of obtaining the true WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES for Autumn and Winter Planting, should send their Orders as early as convenient to 77/r. COOPER, F.R.H.S., CALCOT GARDENS, READING. BERKS. of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained. Price LISTS OH application, NEW, RARE, AND CHOICE FLOWER ^EDS. This most comprehensive and interesting CATALOGUE is in hand, and will be ready in a few days. It includes one of the finest Col- lections of NOVELTIES and RARITIES ever offered, a splendid assortment of the finest HARDY BORDER PLANTS, and such as come freely from Seed— a Catalogue every one should possess. Post-free upon application. DAHLIA TUBERS. A grand lot of strong, healthy tubers, consist- ing of Double, Show and Fancy. All the best Double Pompons — a unique collection. Cactus and Semi- Cactus varieties— a splendid group. Singles — the finest collection in the world. Priced Descriptive LIST upon application. THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FARM NURSEEffiS, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. January 3, iSSj.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. SPECIAL OFFER. ROSES, Sundard, Half-Standaid, Gloircde Dijon (dwaifs), G^ntffal Jacqueminot (dwarfs). LARCH, I 10 5 feet. SPANISH, a 10 6 feet. ALDER, a to 4 feet. H.\ZEL. a to 4 feet. FIR, Scotch, 1 fi-)ot. MANETTI STOCKS. WOOD'S GARLAND STOCKS. Prices on application. WILLIAM FLETCHER, Mersham Nurseries, Chertsey. Aquatics. JV. REES (late Robert Parker) has the • finest Coileciion of above in the country, and can supply Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, in loo showy varieties, from SOI. j^^^ CATALOGUE now ready. Exotic Nursery, Tooting. Surrey. S W. To the Trade SEED POTATOS HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced • LIST of SEED POTATOS is now ready, and can be bad on application. U comprises the best kinds ia cultiva- tion, aod the prices are veiv reasonable. Seed Growing Establishment, WisbecH. HRYSANTHEMUMS.— Speciality.— 420 varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest and cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plants, purchaser's selection, jj. 6.^. per doren, i6j. per 100 ; cuttings, \s. 6d. per dozen, loi. per 100 : W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For ihe new English ard Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. Inspection invited. W. KTHERINGTDN, The Manor House, Swanscombe, Kent. ^ To tbe Trade only. CHAS. KERSHAW offers strong Crowns of his PARAGON RHUBARB at 25J. per 100. Strorg plants with several crowns — price on application. DECIDUOUS SHRUBSin variety, fine transplanted stuff. £s per 1000. He can still supply extra stronc plants in pats of MARE- CHALNIEL, GLOIRE DE DIJON, BELLE I YONAISE, REINE MARIE HENRIETTE, and other ROSES. The SIcad Sykc Nurseries, Brighouse. Grape Vines —Grape Vines. IRELAND AND THOMSON have a large and ihoroufihly ripened stock of the above in Planting and Fruiting Canes. CATALOGUES on application. Nurseries : Craigleuh, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acie, Granlon R"ad. Edinburgh. Wholesale List of Vegetable Seeds. HAND F. SHARPE have Posted their • GENERAL TRADE LIST, and wiU feel obliged if those houses who have not received it will inform them, so that one may be forwarded. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Cambridgeshire. FECIAL OFFER.— Extra fine Dvvarf- trained APRICOTS, fruiting trees. 5 to 6 feet high, and 4 to S feet wide, will remove with good fibrous roots, 51., ys. 6ii. to loi. 6(/. each. Extra fine Dwarf-trained Royal George PEACH, fruitine trees. 51. to 7^. 6d. each. Elcombe's Im- proved PARSNIP: this very popular variety was sent out by us >ome years since and has proved a great success (see Gardou rs' Chroma e lor Nov. 39, 1884, p. 694). We olTer True Stock Seed from selected roots : trade Price on application. ELCOMBE AND SON, Nuiserymen and Seed Merchants, Romsey, Hants. __^ Grape Vines. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (Jo^'" Cowan). Limited, have this season a grand stock of Grape Vines, suitable lor Fruiting in Pots and Planting in Vineries. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade supplied. The Vireyard and Nurseries, Garston. Liverpool. BRUSSELS SPROUTS, MAY'S NORTHAW PRIZE, the variety that h.^s been success- fully exhibited by him and admired. Seed direct from the grower, is. 6d. per packet. J. MAY, The Garden.-^, Northaw, Earner, Herts. AUL AND SON, The "Old^* Nurseries", Cheshunt, hold very fine stocks of the undermentioned : — STANDARD TEA R' tSES, be^t kinds. STANDARD HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, vigorous kind= . DWARF TEA ROSES, on Brier only. STRONG CLIMBING RO^ES, very large plants. STRONG CLIMBING ROSE', in pots, 3 to 9 feet high. STRONG DWARF ROSES fL)r Hedges. STRONG DWARF ROSES 1 or Beds. POT ROSES, of all sorts and sizes STRONG STANDARD APPLES. 5 to 6 feet stems, STRONG STANDARD PEARS, extra fine heads. STRONG STANDARD PLUMS, including Victorias. EXTRA FINE HORIZONTAL TRAINED APPLES and PEARS EXTRA FINE FAN TRAINED PLUMS and CHFRRIfcS. STRAWBERRIES, in large and small pots. GOOSEBRRRIES, fine, on 1 foot stems. CURRANTS, particularly fine Red and White. CONIFERS, EVERGREENS, and AVENUE PLANTS. HOLLIES, Gieen and Variegated, 10 acres at High Beach. CATALOGUES post-free. ASH, common, 2 to 3 feet, clean, lys. per looo ; 3 to 4 feet, 2cs. per 1000, ELM >, 1% to 2 leet, 14J. per 1000; 2 to 3 feet, 171. per 1033; English, 3 feet, 25^, per 1000. CHESTNUT, Spanish, 2 to 3 feet, aax. per 1000 ; 15 to2oinches. i6r.perico3. LARCH. 14 to 24 inches, isj. frf. per lioo ; 2 to 2j4 feet, i6i. per icoo ; 3 to 4 feet. i8i. per looo ; 4 to 5 feet, 24i. per 1000. SPRUCE FIR. i to ij^ foot, 12^ per 10=0 ; xYz to 2 feet. 131. per icoo; 2 to 2j4 feet, bushy, i6j, per 1000. SCOTCH FIR, i-yr, 2 yr. transplanted. i2i. per loco ; 2 to 2j.$ and 3 feet, iPj. per 10^0. SILVER FIR. 4-yr. trans- planted, 22J per ICOO. HAZEL, 2 to 3 feet, -zos- per 1000. Oaks, 18 to 20 irxhes. i6j. per loco ; 2 feet, 20J. per loco. PRIVET, Everereen. 2 feet. 155. per looo ; 1 to 1% foot. 12J. per loco ; OVALIFOLIUM. 2 to 2j^ feet, 30J. penooo ; Oval, I font, 20J. per 1000. SYCAMORE, 1% to 2 ftet, i4r. per 1000. THORNS. 1!^ to 2 feet. 12*. td. per icod ; 3 let 2% feel, i6j. per icoo; 3 to 3J^ feet. i8i per 10:0. Catalogues on appiicaticn to GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer, N.B. T/u above is now ready, and has been posted to all Customers. Anot/ier Copy toill be forwarded on appli- cation to any -who have not yet received one. FERNS A SPECIALITY. Hundreds of Thouaanda of FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS, for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Fernerie'^. ABRIDGED CATALOGUE of over 1200 Species and Varieties free on application. , LARGE CATALOGUE (Price Is.), containing 75 Illustra- tions ot Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable " Hmts on Ftrii Culture," and other useful and interesting information. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. ROSES A SPECIALITY. STANDARDS and HALF- STANDARDS, best sou?, i8j. per dozen, lacj. per 100. DWARFS, LARGE BUSHES, 9J per dozen, 6oj. per rco. The following letter, selected from many hundreds of similar ones, is, I trust, a sufficient proof that the plants are of the best quality : — *' Hill Side. 203, Richmond Road, Putney. Nov. 26, 1884. " Sir,— I am much pleased with the fine healthy plants you have _'ent me. Both the Dwarfs and Standards are specimen? of skilful cultivation. They are paiticularly well rooted, and are in every respect all that a Rose-grower can desire.— I am, yours fauhfully. " B. G. Coleuy. "To Mr. Frank Cant, Rose-grower, Colchester." A Descriptive CATALOGUE Post-free on applic^'in to FRANK CANT, "Th^-" R-c-.nrnwer. Th" Mile End Nu'serie=. Tnl. Iv^ter. " To tlie Trade.-OflFered by HUGH LOW AND CO. acacia ARMATA. splendidly budded. 9J., isj., doz. ARECA LUTESCENS. 48-pots, fine, i8j per dozen. ,,■- RUBRA, eracelul Palm, i fool, icj, per 100. ADIANTUM GRACILLIMUM,exirasized,32-pots, i2i.,doz. AZ,\LEA INDICA. well budded, iis..isj., i8j., 241.. 30J., doi. ,, single white, just opening flowen;, i3f. per dozen. Camellias, well budded, au., 24^., 30*. per dozen. CAKNATlDNS, Tree, in hud and flower, i2J , 15J. per doien. CVCLAMFN PFRSICUM, in flower and bud. 50^-. 75J.t looj. per 100. I'.RICA GKAClLIa, in flower, strong, i8x., 24J. per dozen. . H Vl! MALIS, ill ^S'.s, in flower, gj. per do2en,63r. per ico. ELIONVMUS, Golden, for pots, 30^., 42J , 6oj. per 100. FICUS LLAbTICA. i8j . 2tJ., 24J , 30*. per dozen. OARDKnIA RADICANS.in bud, (js., rsi. per doien. GENISTAS, very fine. 8i , loj., i2j. per dozen. GREVILLEA ROBUS I A, 48-pots, 50J., 75^. per 100. LATANIA BORBONICA, splendid plants, i8i.. 2+r., 42^. d^z LAURU-STINUS. French White, splendidly budded, 12^., i8i per dozeiL P£LARGONlUI\IS, Zonal, unnamed, in flower and bud. 301. per 100. Clapton Nursery, London, £. ABIES DOUGLASn, li to 2 feet, 25^. per lOQ ; 2 to 2j^ feet. 33J. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 6oj. per 100; by the thousand, finely finished and rooted. ARAU- CARIh IMBRICATA, 18 10 so inches, 241. per dozen ; 3 to 2^ teet, 42J. perdozen:3 feet, extra, 6 s per dozen reach size by the ih'.Uiand. CIlDRUS UEODAKA, 4 to 5 leet, 301. per dozen. CRVPTOMdRIA ELEGANS. 2 to 2!4 feet. 6oj, per 100. CUPRES5US LAWSONII, 1% to 3 leet, 6oj. per 100 ; C. GKACILIS, distinct, i;4 loot, 12J. per dozen : C. STRICTA, 2 to 2)2 feet, the finest upright, 12J. per dozen ; C. FUNE- BRIS, scarce, i>^ foot, lis. per dozen. PICEA NOBIUS, 3 to 4 feet, 60.'. per dozen: P. NORDMANNIANA, i fool, fine, 5CJ. per 100 ; I J2 to 2 feet. 15^, per dozen ; 6 feet, extra, 84J. per dozen : P. LASIOCARPA, 4 to i^Yz feet, 70J. per dozen : P. WEBBIANA, 3 to 3M leet, true, 84!. F" dozen. PINUS EXCELSA, 2 leet, 81. per dozen: P. INSIGNIS. i foot. 301. per 100 ; 6 to 8 inches, i6r. per jco. THU! A LOBBII, loto 15 inches : special by the looo, the best substitute for Larch. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. extra, £01. per dozen. RHO- DODENDRON PONTICUII, I to 4 feet, each size in thousands. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. N.B. HARRISON AND SONS, Royal Nurseries, Leicester, have to ofTer : — 10.000 Strong GOOSEBERRIES, mostly Wairingtons. 6,oco IVIEa, mostly Irish. 7, ceo POPLARS. 610 12 feet. 1,000 Standard Horse CHESTNUTS, fii.e 20, coo Bu^hy Evergreen PRIVET. 2 to 3 feet. 2,oco AMERICAN ARBOR-ViT.'E. 2, coo Common LAURELS, 3 to 4 fett, extra. i.oco Paui's Crimson I'HOk NS, sland-irds. 1,000 Pyramid APPLES, PEARS, and PLUMS. i,oo3 Standard PKAkS. All Well grown. Special quotations and samples free. To the Trade Only. PER'NS — FERNS — FERNS. ■L — Adiantum cuneatunn, A, irapezifornie, A. gracillinium, Lcmaria gibba, Lasirea anstata variegaia. Pieris scrtulata ciistata Cowani, P. serrulata : nice plants in 6o"s, 20J. per ico. Adiantum cuoeatum, A. gracillimum, A trapeziforme, in 4 acd 4J^ inch pots. 4or. to 501. per 100, accoiding to size ; Aoiantuni Pacotti, in 60*5, 30J. per 100 ; ditto, in 4 and 4^^ inch pots, 505. per loo. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. Qo^n. Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool, TRELAND and THOMSON have an ex- -*- tensive and healthy stock oc Seedling and Transplanted Forest Trees, including Ash, Alder, Birch, Kim. Austrian Pine, from 6 in. to 2j^ ft. ; Scotch Fir, Larch, Spruce, Black Spiuce, Laricio, Beech, Thorns, Maple, Oak, Poplar.'^, Ihorn Quick, Lhestnuls, Hazel, &c. Special offers on application. Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre, Granton Road, Edinburgh, GLADIOLI AND DAHLIAS Direct from the Growers. ANT. ROOZEN k SON, OVER VEEN, HAARLEM. HOLLAND. i^o...t,^ ^-r i,eitera to GermtiDy, 2;2a. Fosiage for fgst-cards to Germany, Idi Our Autumn CATALOGUE of ihe abcve for 1884-5. contain- ing all the new varieties, is now ready, aud will be loiwaided post-free on application to our agent.c. Messrs. MERTENS A^D CO.. 3. Cross Lane. London, E.G. Great Eeduction in Prices. Twenty j>cr Cent, allowed off Catalogue Prices, for Cash. Free on Rail, Colchester Station. No extra charge for Packing. COLCHESTER ROSES Have been made famous all over the World by BENJAMIN R. CANT, The Old E.stadlished and Celebrated ROSE GROWER, [COLCHESTER. WINNER of the CHAMPION CUP of the NATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY THREE YEARS In SUCCESSION. * CATALOGUES post-free, on application * THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 3, 1885. Lalng's Begonia Seed. JOHN LAING & CO. GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our Prize PlanU. New crop now harvested. Sealed packets. CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, i/- and 2/6 per packet ; 5/- extra large packets ; double varieties, 2/6 and 5/- per packet. COLLECTIONS, 12 named varieties, separate, 7/6 „ 6 named varieties, separate, 4/- Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. ACRES, 1 mentai _^ FORTY Opna- FRUIT Forest V Priced Catalogues ,PosLFr'ee . lr« V Crawley , ,%3 Sussex. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES and ROSES. A large and select stock is now offered for sale. Tht Illustrattd and Dtscriptive CA TALOG UE 0/ FR Ul TS The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES postfree. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. S^P E C I A L OFFER ORNAMBNTAL TREES and SHET7B3, KOSES and FRUIT TREES of aU kinds, FOREST TREES, &c., All well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices {free on application). WALTER CHAS. SLOCOCK, Goldworth "Old" Nursery, WOKING, SURREY. COOLING'S NE PLUS ULTRA DWARF BEAN. Acknowledged by all to be the earliest and most productive Dwarf Bean in existence. Invaluable for forcing. Per pint 2s. 6d., post-free 29. 9d. Trade price on application. GEO. C O O li I N Q & SON, SEEDSMEN, BATH. WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE. We have now published our Wholesale CATALOGUE of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, containing, also, all ihe best Novel, les of the Season. It may be had on app'icatio i. All our Kegular Customers should already have received a Copy by Po&l ; any not having done so will oblige by letting us know, WATKINS & SIMP30N, EXETER STREET, STRAND. W.C. Seed and Trial Grounds, Feltham and Twickenham. Middlesex. TO PLANTERS OF FOREST AND OTHER TREES. Cranston's Nursery dt Seed Co. (LIMITED) Have splendid stocks of transplanted and well-rooted LARCH FIR scotch fir thorns" ., 1 to I J feet. I J to 2 feet. 2 to 2j feet. 2j to 3 feet. 3 to 3i feet. 4 to 5 feel. 2 to 2j feet. 2i to 3 feet. 2 to Q.\ feet, zj to 3 feet. &c., &c.. and will be pleased to quote lowest prices on receipt of a list of requirements. Full tnickloads Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station. CA TALOGUES on application. CRANSTON'S NURSERY k SEED CO. (LIMITED) KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. Orchlde. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have at present a grand stock of DtNDROBIUMS, in variety, and other East Indian ORCHIDS, also CATTLEYAS and other valuable ORCHIDS from South America, and they ar« constantly receiving fresh importations. Price LISTS and full particulars on application. The MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool. Forcing Asparagus. RAND G. NEAL beg to offer the above • by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans- planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also beg to call the attention of Nurserymen. Builders, and others to their exceptionally fine stock o( FRUIT, FOKEST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W. CUT FLOWERS. Buy of Ihe Growers. LILY OF THE VALLEY (very fiae), and TOLIPS (In sorts). The Advertisers are prepared to offer a regular supply of above for cash at moderate prices. MESSRS. TURNER BROS., Nurserymen and Florists, Allerton, Liverpool. 1 Specialities for 1885. Illustrated Seed Catalogue And Amateur's Guide. Post-free dd. Sent free to all Customers. E. J. JARMAN, The People's Seedsman, CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE. EXPIRATION OF LEASE, Several Acres of Nursery, containing a valuable Stock, continue to be offered at a nominal price ; the lease cannot be renewed. Ordinary ' Reduced Price. RHODODENDRONS, Standard, ^ooo to select from, of 6nest named kinds, perfect specimens, from iji to 5 feel through the head 105/- 0/6; Vl^- si- 10/5 Bush, do., 5, 6, 7, and 8 feet high. . | 42/- 21/- I, Dwaifand Sweet-scented, i lo aj-^ feet high, consisting of R 1 fragrant, Wilsoni, Goveui- 1 anum. Stc. . . . . . . ' 2/6 , . i/5 -/q ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA ; fine plants, well set with bloom, i to 3 feet high . . . . .. . . .. ic/6 2/j c/- i/- AZALEAS, I to 3 feet high .. .. 2/1 .. »/6 .. A fine lot of P. NORDMANNIANA. T. LOBBII. WELLINGTONIA. CUPRESSUS. RETINOSPORAS. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, and manyother-i in fine condition for removal it /o 5/- rns of sorts, Ma|)les.l Fraxinus aucubaefolia, Scarlet Oak ;. also Weeping Birch, Elm, Ash, ana Poplar. 6 to 15 feet high .. .. ic/i 3/ ■ <;/- i/j LIGUSTRUMOVALIFOLIUM, 2 10 4 fftet, per lOD .. .. 2/- .. ic/- ,. common, i to zj^ feet .. ..'^ Laurel, common. I to 3 feet ,, caucasica, i lo i% feet .. ,. Porluual. ij4 to 3 feet .. MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA .. BRC;OM, While YEWS, Irish ROSES, Dwarf. Moss, Teas aud Chmbers CLEMATIS, fine stuff, in great variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe- No reasonable lopsis Veitchii .. .. .. .. ! cfiFer refused ; or ILEX SHEPHERDI. a fine lot ol { quotations wiU perfect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ; be given. smaller, i to 3 feet. THUIA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet RETINOSPORA aUREA, 6 to 15 inches CUPRESSUS ERECTA viridis, I to 3 feet WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA, 3 to 5 feet MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, 12 to 18 inches ) COB NUT. Webb's. 3 lo 6 feet . . 251. per 100 Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting, 2 to 6 feet high, 255. to 751. per ico. Extra large Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to clear, u each. SPIRiEA PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. The largest stock in Europe, 15J. and 10.1. 6d. per 100. ERICAS in variety, aoj. per 100. LAVENDER, fine bushy stuff. 3.1. per dozen, 15^. per 100. PERIWINKLE, iw. per 100. Thousands of other things too nutnerous for an advertise- ment are OH effer^ and inquiries or a visit ■will be found veiy advantageous. CHARLES NOBLE, BagTshot. HARRISON'S EARLY ECLIPSE \ PEA. The Earliest in the Garden, The Earliest in the Field. The Earliest for the Market. See Gardeners Chronicle and Gardeners' Magazine, December 6, containing a whole page of opinions. Tlie l)aulm is of a peculiar light colour, only 2 feet in height, the pods of a lively green and well filled, and is the heaviest cropper for an early variety we have ever seen. The seed is blue, and similar in appearance to the "Kentish Invicta." but it is hardier and even earlier than that excellent variety. This variety was selected by us from Laxton's Har- binger zhoM eight years ago, and has no other origin. Many trials last season in different parts of the country have proved it to be tlie earliest Pea in cultivation. Although coming into blossom the same time as several other kinds, the pods fill so rapidly that they are ready for picking a week or ten days earlier. Per Quart, Is. 6d. ; post-free for 2s. Per Bushel, 26s. Highly recommended to Market Gardeners. Price to ihe Trade on application. Wholesale C A TA LOG UE free on application. General C.4TAI.0GUE free on application. HARRISON & SONS, SEED GROWERS, LEICESTER, COOLING'S OMEG-A BEET. Handsoine in shape and of rich crimson colour, but more especially remarkable for its distinct flavour, which is delicately sweet and agreeable, far surpassing any other variety. Per packet Is., post-free. Trade price on application. GEO. COOLING & SON, SEEDSMEN, BATH. ANTHONY WATERER Invites attention to the following LIST of well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY STOCK:— HOLLIES, Common Green, 3. 4, s. 6, 7, 8to\ „ laurifolia. ditto. [to ft:et high. I ,, Hodgiii!.', 3. 4, 5 to 8 feet. ,, myriifolia, ditto. - many thousands. ., Scottica, 3 to 8 feet. ,, Yellow-berried, altaclarense and oiher> ,. Variegated, of sorts, ^. 4, 5, 6. 8 lu to (t. - ,. W^teier's splendid plains, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, S to 15 feet in circumference, ,, Golden (jiecn, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. 8 tj 10 feet, hundreds of bcdiiuial spcciiU' ii"-, ,, Ptrry's Wteping Hully. on S'raight stems, with beautiful heads, ten to li leco years' gruwh. hundreds. ,, new Golocn Wcepii g, a large nutn'wr of very beautiful p!ants. DOX Green and Variegaied. 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7 feet tnany thousar ds. YEWS, Common, 3 4, 5, 6 to 10 let, thuu>.i,d«, ,, Golden, ol ad sizes up to 10 feet. VV'e have many thousands as Pyranuds, Globes, Standards, in point of variety and size uii(:qu.UUd. ,, Irish, c lo 10 feet, hundreas. 1 thousands. CUPRltSSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4. 5. 6 10 8 icet, „ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, huudreds of beautiful specimens. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. 3. 4. and s feet, hundreds. RHODODENDRONS, many thousand.^, 3. 4. 5.6, 7,8,10 ID feel. The plants are covered with buds. AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known, a, 3, 4, and <; feet high, thousands. JUNIPERS, Chinese. 7. 8, and to feet high. .. Chinese Gnlden. 1 to 6 feel. JUNIPERUS VIRGiNUNA GLAUCA. 3 to s feet. ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds. „ DOUGLASII. 3 to 5 feci, ihou-^ands. ,, „ GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. „ OKIENTALIS, 4. 5, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ HOOKEKIANA. 3 to 5 feet. „ PARkVANA GLAUCA. i|4 to 3 feet, hundreds. PICEA CONCOLOR. 2 to 4 (eei, hundreds. „ GRANDIS. 5 to 7 feet. „ LASIDCARPA, 3 to s feet, hundreds. „ MAGNIFICA, 2 to 3 feet, hundreds. ,. NOBIL13, 1^ to 3 leet, thousands. „ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7. to 10 feet. ,, PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ PUNGENS, iH to 2 feel, thousands. PINUS CEMBRA. 6 to 8 feet. CEDkUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds. ., LI BAN I (Cedar of Lebanon), 3 to 5 feet. THUIA OCClOtNTALlS LUTEA. 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. THUIOPSIS BORE'VLIS. 3to5fe«.'hundreds. RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. „ PISIFERA AUREA (true) 3 to 6 feet. „ PLUMOSA AUKEA, 3 to 5 feet. Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey. January 3, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. SELECT GARDEN SEEDS Ireland & Thomson BEG TO INTIMATE THAT THEIR CATALOGUE OF VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS, FRENCH HYBRID GLADIOLI, Garden Implements, Insecticides, &c., Has now ieen Posted lo all iheir Customers ; any one not having received it another Copy will be sent Post-free on application. SEED WAEEHOUSE. 20, WATERLOO PLACE, EDINBURGH. 1885— VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS.— 1885. Dickson, Brown & Tait, BEG TO INTIMATE THAT THEIR CATALO&TJE OF SELECT GAEDEI SEEDS AND CULTURAL GUIDE, Containing a selection of all the best Novelties and leading varieties of Seeds suitable for the Kitchen and Flower Garden, Horticultural Implements, Gladioli, Spring Bulbs, &c., is now ready, and can be had Post-free on application. N.B. — We have Posted a Copy to all our Customers; any one not having received tlie same, on information, another Copy will be sent. SEED MERCHAKTS, 43 and 45, CORPORATION STREET, MANCHESTER. GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS. THOMAS METHVEN & SONS {By Special Appointment Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen) BEG TO INTIMATE THAT THEIR DESCRIPTIVE PRICED CATALOGUE OF GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS, IMPLEMENTS, FRENCH HYBRID GLADIOLI, &c., FOR 1885, Is now ready, and may be had Free on application. EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK (true).— White. Purple, Scarlet, Crimson, and Snow- white. Wall-leaved. In Packets, u., 2J. 6d., and y, each colour. NEW CRIMSON WALL-LEAVED EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK. — In Packets, 2j. 6d. and 5^. each. SEED WAREHOUSES :- 15, PRINCES STREET, and NURSERY GATE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. (ESTABLISHED 1804.) ROSES IN POTS (80,000) 'v"f??^l?; FORCING, &c., 15J. to 361. per dozen. ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants, 4^. per dozen, zsj. per loo (R. S. & Co.'s Selection). STRAWBERRIES foYcrN?.,'l?^,1..'^'. \/|MCQ THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES, V I IN LO 3J. dd. to loj. (td. each. PI PMATIC WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGLE U LU IVI n I I O and DOUBLE, lis. to 2+t. per dozen. Three Acres of Glass for Stove and Greenhouse Plants. FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE. PI 1 1 DO Lovely Flowers in Winter and Spring for a tnfle. DU L Du Ready in Autumn. ROSES (20 acres) ^''^'^E:^;T:.f'"'^- STANDARDS, 15^. per dozen. losj. per ico. Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. CDIIITO /7/I nr\w*'\r\\ Best varieties of every form I nUl I O \/t- aCrcS/ and kind of tree at low prices. SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) l%Wri TREES. FLOWERING PLANTS (8^. per dozen, 50*. per 100). FOREST TREES. 100 ; 25f. per 100 VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense amount of useful information, free on application. MARTIN'S PRESIDENT CAULIFLOWER A very early and distinct variety, which has been grown in the East Riding of Yorkshire for the past six years, where it is held in great reputation. It comes into use in May, and continues until the late summer varieties are ready for cutting. The heads are medium sized, beautifully close and white, and well protected by the foliage, which enables it to stand the dry hot weather, such as we experienced last summer. The plant is dwarf and very compact, and can be planted three or foiu* inches closer than any other variety. Retail Price, Is. 6d. per packet. Mr. R. Gilbert. Garderu-r io the Most Noble the Marquis of Exeter, writes as follows t — " Mr. Martin, Sir.— Your ' President ' Cauliflower sent me for trial has turned out the very best 0/ all \\\av& grown this season : four heads in my first collection of vegeubles at the Stamford Show were the admiration of all, and very far above any in the show." (Signed) R. Gilbert, Durghley, Sept. 4, 1884. And then, to publish Its merits to the gardening world, Mr. Gilbert writes to The Garden^ September 20, 1S84 : — " Martin's President Cauliflower."— "After giving this sort a good trial, I am now enabled to give my opinion re- specting its merits. Amongst the varieties I am growing arc Best of All, Snowball, Early Erfurt, Veitch's Giant, WaJcheren, and the one in question. On September 2. I wanted a dish of Cauliflowers for a collection of vegetables. I have a large quarter of Cauliflowers planted, and I carefully searched for the best, this I found in Martin's President, which, to take into con- sideration the dry weather, was certainly an admirable produc- tion, being close and well protected by the foliage and perfectly white ; in fact I look upon this Cauliflower in such seasons as we have just gone through, as a gardener's friend."— R. Gilbert, Burghley. Many other Testimonials could be published, but the above will suffice to prove the superiority of my " Presi- dent " Cauliflower over other varieties. Trade Price on application to WILLIAM E. MARTIN, THE OLD ESTABLISHED SEED AND BULB WAREHOUSE, 61, MARKET PLACE, HTTLL. CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require description. Pnce 6*. per bushel (is. extra per bushel for package), or dd. per cake ; free by Parcels Post, ix. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. ; WM. CtTTBUSH and SON (Limited), Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N. THB BOTAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHUENT NEW EARLY PEAS for 1886. Tbe EarUest and Best In Caltlvatlon. DANIELS' GEM OF THE SEASON SHOULD BE SOWN NOW, From Mr. A. Arthur, Orwell Gardens, Cambridge. " I sowed your Gem of the Season Pea March ay, and gathered them June 13, and sowed Laxton's Earliest of All March 15, and did not gather till June 29. This new Pea has proved what its name implies for earliness, productiveness, and flavour." From Mr. T. Notley, The Gardens, Stoke Hall, Stoke Holy Cross. " The Pea, Gem of the Season, has proved itself a good one. I planted it at the same time and by the side of Day's Early Sunrise. I gathered from Gem of the Season ten days earlier, the pods were also full, averaging from seven to nine good sized Peas in each." Height 2 feet, and very prolifia Price, 3J. 6d. per quart, ar. per pint, is. yi. per half-pint. Free by Parcels Post to any address. DANIELS' MIDSUMMER MARROW PEA. The Earliest Blue Wrinkled Marrow in Cultivation- Height 1% to 2 feet. Splendid cropper and quality. Should be sown now. Price, 3*. 6 f<}^ which I enclose P. O. O. 1885 Months, Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance. THE UNITED KINGDOM ; — 12 Months, £\ y. \od. ; 6 Months, lis. iirf. ; 3 Months, 6.;. ; Post-free. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) : — Including Postage, £1 6s. for Twelve Months. India and China, £\ Zs. ?.d. P. 0.0. to be made payable at DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. Cheques should be crossed ''DRUMMOND." 8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 3, 1885. WEBBS' ' ' UNIQUE Novelties JHE gECRET OF gUCCESS. The unprecedented success of Messrs. WEBBS' Intro- ductions in Vegetables and Flowers is no doubt owing, in a great measure, to the fact that, before being offered to the Public, they are invariably subjected to a series of crucial trials, with other first-class varieties, at their Kiover Seed Farms,— which are the largest in the Kingdom. By this means inferior varieties are discarded, and only those kinds that are cf distinctive merit become associated with Messrs. Webbs' name. PEA— Webbs' New Wordsiey Wonder. The unparalleled qualities of this new Pea are verified by the numerous testimonials we have received in its favour from the principal authorities. 2J. dd. per pint, post-free. PEA— Webbs' New Stourbridge Marrow, A grand new second early Pea, suitable for exhibi- tion or general purposes, zs. 6d. per pint, post-free. BROAD BEAN— Webbs' Kinver Mammoth Longn?Od. Exceedinglv early, an enormous crop- per, and of excellent quality, is. per pint, post-free. BR USSEIJSPROUTS-Webbs' Match- less. Early and robust, producing a profusion of cnmpact sprouts, which are tender and of superior flivour. 6d. and is. per packet, post-free. BROCCOLI-Webbs' New Autumn White A new and distinct kind, of dwarf habit ; very hardy, u per packet, post-free. CABBAGE— Webbs' Emperor. A rapid grower, very hardy and early, with close compact heads. 6d. and is. per packet, post-free. CAULIFLOWER-Webbs' Early Mam- ynot.h . A very compact variety, of exceptional merit, with large, firm, snowy-white heads, is. td. per packet, post-free. CUCUMBER-Webbs' Perpetual Bearer. Very free hearing", fruit uniformly handsonae in shape and of large size. i^. (sd. per pkt., post-free. LEEK-Webbs' New Colossal. A distinct and choice variety, of rapid growth and large size. is. per packet, post-free. LETTUCE-Webbs' New Wordsiey Gem. A new extra eaily Cos variety, of grand fldvour. is. per packet, post-free. MELON-Wfbbs' Pride ot Stourbridge. A scar let -fleshed variety, of handsome shape and splendid quality, specially suitable for exhibition, zi. dd. per packet. ONION— Webbs' Improved Banbury. A most handsome kind, of mild flavour; good keeper. €d. per pactet, post-free. TOMATO-Webbs' Early Dwarf Red. Very prolific, of large size, excellent in shape and quality, is. per packet, post-free. SAVE 20 PER CENT. Otir cxxeptional position as the largest Seed Growers in the Kingdom enables us to offer our pure Stocks of Vegetable and Flower Seeds at very moderate prices, which, on comparison, will be found some twenty per cent, lower than those of other Houses. WEBBS' SPEII& CATALOGUE Post-free la,— Gratia to Customers. WEBB & SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE. THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. Augmentation of Pension Fund. TAe Editor and the Publisher of the " Gardeners Chronicle " beg to thank the Gardeners and others who have so promptly replied to their appeal on behalf of this Institution. Thanks in large mea- sure to their generosity, the sttm required to increase the Reserve Fund to such an extent as to allow of the increase of the Pension pay- able to each of the hundred or more recipients has now been obtained. The amount received by the coiiduc- tors of the "Gardeners' Chronicle" up to December 23, 1884, is £214 I83. 6d., which has been handed over to the Secretary of the histitiition. A further sum of £34 3s. 6d. has been received since the above date, which has also been paid to the proper authorities. Any further Contributions should be sent direct to the Secretary, Mr. E. R. Cutler, 14, Tavistock Rozv, Covent Garden, W.C, by whom their receipt will be acknowledged in the usual way. No further acknowledgments can be made in these columns. M. T. MASTERS. W. RICHARDS, CHARLES SHARPE&CO.'S SPECIALITIES, 1884-5. SHARPE'S PEA. 2s. 6(1. per pkt. TRIUMPH. Finest Dwarf Blue Wrinkled Marrow. Best flavoured ard heaviest cropper — sixty-nine pods, wiih nine to eleven Peas in each, gathered from one plant. SHARPE'S PEA. 2s. 6d. per pint. PARAGON. Hardiest and earliest large Wrinkled Marrow. Successive crops can be had for four months. Flrst-clasa Certlflcate. R.H.S , 1884. SHARPE'S PEA. Is. per quart. PROLIFIC WHITE MARROW. An excellent, large-podded, prolific, White Wrinkled Marrow. SHARPE'S PEA. la per quart. SHARPE'S BEAN. Is. per pint. SHARPE'S CUCUMBER 2a. 6d. per pkt. INVINCIBLE. Fine, long-podded. Blue Marrow. Peas deep green. A fine Market Garden Pea. CONQUEROR. The longest-podded variety known. Pods often i6 to i8 inches long. Fine for Exhibition. EPICUREAN. The most prolific, earliest, deepest in colour, and finest in tlavoar of any variety grown. Fruit long and very handsome. It is %\Ta^y Perfection, SHARPE'S POTATO. Sd. per pound. VICTOR. The earliest, quickest, and roost pro- ductive kind for forcing or early planting — ready for table in from iix to eight weeks. SHARPE'S POTATO. 4s. per stone. SHARPE'S TOMATO. Is. 6d. per pkt. SHARPE'S New Tomato. 2b. 6d. per pkt. DUKE OF ALBANY. Most valuable main crop variety — goo to use from July to March. POMEGRANATE. Fruit large, round, smooth, deep pink, suffused with violet. Flesh solid, very deep in colour, and of the finest flavour. ECLIPSE. A remarkably prolific variety. Fruit globular, smooth, growing in large clusters at every joint, exquisite flavour, colour bright cherry-red. SHARPE'S PARSLEY. 6d. rer packet. SHARPE'S ONION. Is. per packet. LINCOLN GREEN. The perfection of garnishing Parsley. PRIZE WHITE SPANISH. The best type of the Banbury section of Onions. SHARPE'S MELON Is. per packet. RAUCEBY HALL. Finest flavoured green - flesh Melon in cultivation. For full description see Advertisements in the Horticultural Papers ; or, SHARPE'S SEED LIST for 1885, Post-free on application. WHOLESALE GENERAL CATALOGUE of SEEDS, with Trade Prices, of SHARPE'S SPECIALITIES post-free on application. CHARLES SHARPE & CO SLEAFORD. •> January 3, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. B.S.WILLIAMS' SEED NOVELTIES For 1885— Post-free. The following three NOVELTIES are my o-din introduclions, and arc now ojcred for the first time : — SALVIA, BLUE BEARD (New). A very handsome hardy Annual, growing about i8 inches high, of free branching habit, with equate stems and Sage- like leaves. The spikes are furnished at the apex with a number of brilliant deep mauve- purple braats, which give 10 the plant a most unique appearance. The flowers are produced in a series of wliorls, are small, labiate shaped, of a bright purplish colour, with lower lip white. Suitable for large beds and borders, in which it hai a very effective appearance. Sow in February. Sold only in scaled packets bearing my trade mark. Per packet, is. 6d. TOMATO, WILLIAMS' GOLDEN QUEEN (New). A very large, handsome fruit, of a iich deep golden-j ellow colour, slightly ribbed, with smooth skin. This is without exception the finest and richest coloured of all the yellow section, producing fruit as large as the red varieties. It is very prolific, and for culinary purposes is equal to any of the red forms. I have every confidence in recommending this beautiful and useful variety, and ftel convinced that it will become a popular favourite. Awarded a Fiist-class Certificate by the Royal Horti- cultural Society. Sold only in sealed packets bearing my trade mark. p^j. pa^jet^ gg g^. TOMATO, WILLIAMS' RED KING (New). A very free cropper, fruit large and slightly sutured, smooth and even outline, rich crimson colour, flesh solid and of excellent flavour. Strongly recommended as a most valuable and serviceable variety. Sold only in sealed packets bearing my trade mark. Per packet, 2s. 6d. VEGETABLE SPECIALITIES. s- d. Williams' Prolific Kidney Beans. per quart 2 6 Williams' Superb Crimson Beet, . . per 01. i 6 Williams' Dwarf Green Curled Borecole ,, 06 Williams' Improved Brussels Sprouts per pkt. i o WOliams' Alexandra BroccoU , 16 Williams' Eariy Nonsuch Cabbage .. „ r o Williams' MatcMess Red Celery „ 10 Williams' Matchless WWte Celery . . „ 10 Williams' Gloria Muudl Endive ,. to Williams' Victoria Cos Lettuce .. 10 Williams' Semper Fidells Melon „ 16 Williams' Magnum Bonum Onion ,, 16 Williams' Emperor of the Marrow Pea per qt. 2 6 WilUams' Holloway Rival Pea „ 26 Williams' Ne Plus Ultra Tomato per packet 1 6 I ILLUSTRATED SEED CATA- LOGUE for 18S5 is now ready and will be fonuardcd, gratis and post free, on application. SEEDSMEN BY KOYAI- WAKKANT to H.M. the Queen, after havlnK been honoured with Her Majesty's commands for thirty consecutive years. Also the First Seedsmen by Special Warrant to H R.H. the Prmce of Wales. SUTTON'S CHOICE NOVELTIES. SPECIAL NOTICE Why Messrs. Sutton's Novelties are reliable:— Messrs. SUTTON'S Experimental Trial Grounds — which are frequently referred to by leading Hor- ticultural Papers — afford the opportunity of ascer- taining the comparative value of eveiy kmd of Vegerable, Flower, and Potato. These trials are made under Messrs. Sutton's personal superin- tendence in the most careful and exhaustive man- ner. During 18S3-84 nearly 10,000 plots were sown and records taken of the results for future guidance. SUTTON'S NEW TOMATO for I885I SUTTON'S CHISWICK RED. Ftrst-class Certificate R.H.S., Aug. 30, 1883. A distinct and remarkably prolific variety, oval in shape, medium size, perfectly smooth, of bright red or crimson colour, and excellent in flavour. The fruit grows in large, heavy clusters, each cluster having from twenty to thirty fruit, and every plant bears from six to eight clusters. The entire stock of seed is in our hands, and every packet will bear our Registered Trade Mark. Per packet 2s. 6d., post-free. OBSERVE THIS TRADE MARK EVERY PACKET. For prices and full particulars of Sutton s choice varieties of Vegetables, Flowers, and Potatos, see J SUTTON'S SPECIAL LIST of NOVELTIES, Gratis and Post-free on application. Royal Berks Seed Establishment, READING. .-^^ - THE SATURDAY, fANUARY 3, 1885. THE EXTREME NORTH OF SCOTLAND. JOHN O' G R O .'i T S . " T THINK we shall have time enough, sir; -L this mare's the fastest in the stable, and a rare one for pace,'' says our driver, as we dash across the little bridge which spans the Thurso river. There is need for haste ; we have 40 miles to drive before dinner, with horse-baiting midway, and the clock has already struck two. So away we go, between the acres of Oats and Rye, and in a short while are rattling through Castletown. What a change ! We have left the bleak North, and can almost fancy ourselves in a Sussex village, so thick and strong grow the trees here — planted, it is true, in a favoured spot — but none the less lending that charm without which something seems wanting to all but grand scenery. However, we are soon beyond the trees, careering across the heather-clad moor, here and there broken by cuttings for the brick-like masses of stacked peats the stalwart peasantry are busily carrying to their cottages. The view is continually shifting ; now we are close to the sands of Dunnet Bay, now clatter- ing through some hamlet or a village, with its prim kirk ; now out again in the open, with the wide wet moor on either hand, not desolate this afternoon, but gleaming coldly in the glorious sunlight. Yet though the day is cloud- less and almost windless, one look at the cot- tages is enough to tell us a tale of the utter ruin that would overtake them but for the huge stones, suspended at the ends of ropes, passing over the thatch. Poor and comfortless seem these homes of the people, but what delicious contrasts of form and colour in gable and wall and outhouse they give, thrown up in fine relief on the background of moor and frith and distant clift. Verily, when the sun is upon it, this is a land such " as would select some artist that his skill might never die," were he rash enough to admit the possibility— so fresh seems everything — so buoyant upon the flood of light which beats upon it without cessation. Everybody knows the John o' Groat legend. How Johnny, the brother of a large and con- tentious family — laughing, doubtless, in his sleeve at the silly punctilios of life— dextrously hit upon a plan by which matters were brought to a friendly issue, by suggesting that the house in which the brethren met to discuss their con- cerns should have as many doors as visitors, whereby they would no longer be under the necessity of playing the game of follow my leader — a very unpopular one with these gentry, and one which there is reason for believing to have caused heartburnings at times in places less remote from centres of refinement than Caithness. In proof of this story you are shown a mound, now covered with grass, said to be the ruin of this house of peace ; hard by we descend at the polygonal hotel built in imita- tion of the house, but entered in the ordinary manner. The hotel is at the verge of, and but a few feet above, the shore of the frith, j'et, though there is no cliff here worth calling a cliff at all, we find ourselves at the bottom of a lO THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. (January 3, 1885. gently sloping lofty down, battened on by sheep, except where there are counter-changes of narrow swamp, in which the pretty blossoms of the Bog Pimpernel (Anagallis tenella) may be pulled. Climb the down and a noble and never-to-be-forgotten prospect opens. A lofty growth of cliff facing the North Sea, which has wrenched away from it many scarred and furrowed columns of rock or "stacks;" round these the clear green water is lazily working itself into foam ; no keel is ploughing any of the myriad acres of sea, but far away upon the horizon stand the bare masts of scores of fishing- boats gathering in the bountiful herring harvest. Northward across the frith glimmer the cliffs of Hay and the low coast-line of South Ronald- sha ; further on frith and main sea meet round the huge headland of Duncansbay, upon one of whose crags a solitary eagle can be made out with the aid of the glass ; landward there are miles upon miles of rolling moor flanked by the mountains bordering Caithness and Suther- land. Very pleasant in the warm afternoon is a stroll along the northern shore, where one may revel in the deliciousiy pure white sand, or watch the advancing tide gently absorbing in the frith the coralline-studded pools of clear water : pleasant, too, as, after hastily remounting, we find ourselves whirling homewards, the sun still high in the heavens. But before reaching Thurso we are reminded, by the intense cold of the July evening, that this is a country where man has to barricade himself against Nature, and can gain a subsistence only at the cost of constant warfare against her inhospitable rigours. Thurso. We have left the mountains far behind, and have just been hurrying across a chilly moor- land country, the sombreness of whose desola- tion is relieved by an occasional stretch of culture, in the midst of which stands some farmsteading, jealously protected from the northern wind by a grove of stunted trees. The sea was lately caught sight of, and dim cliffs beyond ; and now, the journey at length over, in front of us the waves of the North Atlantic shimmer in the sunlight, while at our feet, upon the verge of its bay, nestles the northernmost town on the mainland of Britain. And a fine bay it is, and well worth coming so far to see — ■ large, well sheltered, its wide entrance guarded by two bastions of noble cliff— Holbom Head on the west, on the east the escarpment forming part of the long promontory of Dunnet. In the frith outside a strong current is running, but its impulse is scarcely felt within the bay by the tiny wavelets that gently seethe upon its white sands and lap a schooner or two anchored near the shore. An old man sunning himself, some children making sand-castles, a solitary bather in the distance— these are the only signs of life. Within the town all is quiet, no roll of cart],or carriage through either of the two main streets breaks the monotony of silence, and the lanes leading from them seem almost as devoid of movement as the figures adorning the modern gewgaw structure which has taken the place of the ancient home of the Sinclairs. It is not the castle, however, that we feel interest in, nor even the town, as we stand in Wilson's Lane and notice the mean buildings on either side, for here, in one of the smallest of them, lived a more remarkable person than Thurso is likely to see for many a day— Robert Dick, baker and man of science. With Mr. Smiles' biography well in remem- brance, we may step inside and inspect the bakehouse, upon whose walls this singular genius exhibited his skill in drawing, and the little room, which served as a museum, and was always carefully locked against the profane duUpan. We may, in fancy, see him, having set his " batches " of dough, start off late at night, or in the early morning, at a swinging pace, for forty or, perhaps, fifty miles have to be covered before he will return to set the next " batch," and his best speed will allow him but two short hours to search at his destination for a rare and long-wanted specimen, or to collect evidence in solution of some geological problem. Or, again, we may see him wearily walking homewards for the last time, conscious that the hand of death is upon him, and that the days to dawn can bring him but fortitude in suffer- ing—suffering borne, let us be thankful to think, not without the consolation of a faithful and long-tried servant. How devoted, indeed, must that service have been when the mere mention of her employer's name suffices, after the lapse of nearly twenty years, to bring tears to her eyes, and sobs which drown her testimony to the virtues of her "good maister." Unhappily that service has had but scanty pecuniary reward— from the extreme humbleness of the room in the cottage close to Wilson's Lane, which Annie Mackay occupies, it is plain that her life is a desperate conflict with poverty. We walk round the bay, past the ruins of the Bishop's Palace, and climb Holborn Head. The vegetation here is gtass and such plants as spotted Orchis and Thrift in abundance, and, prettiest of all, the Scotch Primrose (Primula scotica), with its lovely trusses of dark purple flowers. The face of the sand- stone cliff falls away vertically from the plateau upon which we stand ; down below the green waves are swirling and gently lashing the " clett," a small rock island covered with a cloud of sea birds, its steep sides looking as if cut out by some gigantic chisel. Turning inland a short way we come upon a deep chimney-like opening, which widens out further down, and receives the confused plash of waves confined within bounds, for the rock here is twofold, soft sandstone and hard flag, and the sea, having quarried away the yielding stone, runs up the narrow breaches it has made — quietly, indeed, and as if caressingly now, but with such fierceness in storm time that the chimney, or " gyoe," will then smoke with the cast-up foam. In the far distance, embossed upon the southern sky, are Morven and its fellow mountains, the scene of much of Dick's wander- ing. Westward we can trace the dreary coast-line as far as Cape Wrath, knowing that this expanse of sea which beats against it rolls shoreless as far as the still more dreary head- lands of Labrador. Across the frith the cold pale blue cliffs of Orkney stand like wardens of the northern world beyond ; and beneath our feet, buried in their rocky grave, are the remains of scores upon scores of Darwinian fish. Here, then, where one cannot but feel doubly impressed with the eternities of space and time, the poor baker's lot was cast ; and a happy one in many respects it must have been— shut up, as he was, in seclusion almost monastic, face to face with the great problems of man and Nature. But how that eager spirit must have beaten its mortal bars as it looked out upon lives that were not all labour, and thirsted while snatching knowledge amid the turbu- lent calls of self-preservation, for leisure to grasp it more securely than it could expect its utmost ardour ever to enable it to do. Filled with these thoughts we retrace our steps, carrying a handful of Primroses, which will, we trust, gladden for a day or two the home of her who through long years served the lonely philosopher and lightened, as far as she was able, his dark and rugged pathway, FLORISTS' FLOWERS SEED. FROM Hurst & Son. — We are informed that Mr. D. Webster, who for many years past has repre- sented the Lawson Seed Company, will in future be connected with Messrs, Huist & Sod, of Hounds- ditch, London, Outdoor Carn.ations. — For some years past I have been successful in raising a batch of seed- lings in February from seed supplied by a leading London firm. There is in6nite interest in watch- ing the progress to the flowering stage of florists' flowers, and a certainty that a package of seed will contain many varieties, differing more or less. I have almost invariably found this to be the case, and the wonder to me is that every grower of florist flowers is not also a raiser of seedlings. Vou may not get, in the case of the Carnation for instance, a chance seedling better than those raised by Messrs. Douglas or Dodwell, but from a respectable firm you are morally certain to get some good double flowers well worth perpetuating. This has been my expe- rience, and of thirty-five seedlings, eg., raised from a package of seed in 1SS3 that bloomed this year, all were double but two. Some were certainly worth- less in colour, and about half-a-dozen were semi- double or with but two rows of petals — very flori- ferous, and no doubt would be useful for cutting. Some were very peculiar colours — shades of umber, cinnamon, and maroon. Curious enough, not more than one or two were noticeably sweet-scented. As showing the variety a packet of seed may contain I may also mention I had among them two tree Car- nations—one a dark red, or purple, rose, of immense size, and so full of petals that in expanding the blooms always burst. The vast majority were, how- ever, *'selfs,'' and most pleasing shades of pink, crimson, or rose, with one or two closely approaching deep scarlet. Rarest of all to find in this way from seed are yellow ground Carnations. I have, how- ever, got three, but, like all yellow grounds, they seem of comparatively delicate constitution. Seem- ing delicate, however, planted out in even such a fine year as 1SS4, is no guarantee that they would not be robust as pot plants under glass, and the coming year I shall further test them, but in the first instance I plant out all my seedlings on trial to see what they may come to. Coming to the crimsons their robust, free-blooming and warm colours tempt one to- speak of them in the most glowing terms. They commence to bloom in a warm southern border the beginning of July, and persistently since have never ceased doing so — indeed this morning I see two- blooms progressing rapidly, so much so that I may have them ready by Christmas eve to send in lieu of the customary greeting. Two come up to the beau ideal of the florist, and have smooth petal-margins ; the remainder are "fringed" or serrated. I must confess I am so obtuse or unorthodox as to have a great liking for those fringed Carnations, especially if they happen to be sweet-scented. I have on a brigfit purple-pink, and another a warm flesh colour with a shade- of maroon, I got as cuttings from Mr. Burbidge, Trinity College Botanic Gardens, some years since ; both are " fringed," and I should be very reluctant to part with either. The present year I have been even more successful in raising seedlings, put in, in January, 1884, thinned where I could lay hold of-them, and transplanted in a box in a cold frame, slightly heated with tan-bark, and ultimately transplanted to the open border, if I remember aright, in June last, or about that time. I consider it of immense con- sequence to have such seedlings out early in the borders. They grow firm and robust, get thoroughly hardened and matured, and lay the foundation of a fine " stool " for the following season. Out of about fifty of the present year's seedlings, .ill are pictures of health now with three exceptions, and this delicate trio are probably yellow grounds, "bizarres," or possibly good "flakes." — they can hardly be "self" colours, as they are generally the most robust. Well, it will be a source of zest and pleasurable anticipation to look forward to, for the next six or seven months, and this is one of the real sources of gratification in raising seedlings, I might almost have siiid, of garden- ing generally. The pleasure is all the greater when you are discussing what the humblest can do — what the humblest can have. It only remains to add that at this season a mulching, say of horse droppings, around the neck of the plants, I have found very desirable for several reasons. W. J. M., Dec. 23. January 3, 1S85.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. II ROOTS. Stkawbkrky Roots. — A plant of Ttiomphe de Gand Strawberry, the roots of which were examined by Mr. GolT, at the New Vorlt Agricultural Experiment Station, had roots extending nearly vertically down- wards to the depth of 22 inches. The horizontal roots were few and short, the longest being traceable but 6 inches. The greater part ot the roots extended nearly perpendicularly downwards, and nearly all of the fibrous roots were found directly beneath the plant. The new roots appeared growing out about an inch above the old ones. The longest of these had attained at this time a length of 6 inches. They were white, and were tipped at their extremities with a thickened point, in which respect they resembled the underground stem of the Totato. It would seem from these observations that as the roots cover an area scarcely larger than the leaves, there is little danger of injuring the roots of Strawberry plants by cultivation between the rows, even if the soil is disturbed to a considerable depth. The fact that the new roots grow out above the old ones each year explains why Strawberry plants appear to lift them- selves upward as they become old, and suggests the importance of drawing earth toward the plants in hoeing them after the bearing season. Tomato Roots. The roots of the Tomato plant are, in their manner of growth, opposite to those of the Straw- berry plant. In a plant examined at the New York Agricultural Station on August 13 last the greater part of the roots'appeared to extend horizon- tally, and were about S inches below the surface. The horizontal roots were traced a distance of 24 inches on one side of the plant, and 30 inches on the other. From this it appears that the plant drew its nourish- ment from a circle about i,\ feet in diameter, or from an area of about 16 square feet. A single root was traced downward to the depth of 2J feet. The tap- root was clothed with a multitude of fibrous roots to the depth of 8 inches, where it separated into many branches. Cauliflower Roots. The Cauliflower is a deep rooting plant, as appears from observations made at the New York Agricul- tural Station. Roots were traced downward to the depth of 3 feet, and many roots reached a depth of 24 feet. The roots also extend horizontally about i\ feet. It thus appears that the Cauliflower draws its sustenance from a greater area and depth than the Tomato plant. The fibrous roots, however, are less numerous in the upper layers of the soil. In point of colour the Lambert and Weymouth are both dark, and the common form of monticola is a light green, but there is a dark variety of the latter. A better character is the more drooping attitude of the tassels of leaves towards the|underside of the branches of the Lambert Pine ne'ar their lips, which is a very obvious distinction when the plants are side by side, but is difticult to carry away in one's memory. The cones, of course, distinguish them, but, singularly PINUS LAMBERTIANA. The accompanying sketch (fig. i) is an attempt to convey an idea of the port and aspect of a P. Lambertiana (the Sugar Pine), about 230 feet high, as seen from a distance of a quarter of a mile 01 so. In so far as it shows a straight trunk, a very lanky contour, and a sparse ramification, it may convey a fair impression of that stupendous tree, which from a distance wants the picturesqueness of P. ponderosa, the bulk in proportion to height of a Sequoia, and the beautiful green colour of the P. concolor. In one striking character, however, it sur- passes these and all other Pines known to me, and that is in the size and exceeding beauty of the living cones. It is impossible to give any idea in a reduced figure such as that of this woodcut of the appearance of these as they hang on the tree without grossly exaggerating them ; the simple reason being that the observer must be near a tree of such proportions to see them at all, and then only a small portion of the trunk and branches comes within the area of vision. Then, indeed, the eftect of these huge cones, which are, on the average, 12 to iS inches long, and hang from the very tips of the branches, is strikingly beautiful, especially in sunshine, when they sparkle like pendents of diamonds, owing to the high refrac- tive power of the resin that copiously exudes from them and hangs in drops to the scales. The history of the discovery of P. Lambertiana by Douglas is too well known to require a notice here. It is one of the two AVestern United States representatives of the Weymouth Pine, P. Strobus, of the Eastern States, the other being its near ally, P. monticola, and it is not always easy to distinguish young specimens of these three in European arboreta, posed to be, and will want extended observation pre- vious to confirmation. The timber of the Lambert Pine is described by Professor Sargent as heavier, coarser, stronger-grained, and probably less easily worked than that of the Eastern White Pine, P. Strobus, Its meridional range is very extensive, but its latitudinal one is restricted. Commencing in the North, in the moun- tains south of the Columbia River, lat. 45° N. ; it runs along first the Cascades and then the coast ranges to 33° S., and along the Sierra Nevada through- out the length of the State of California. Its nearest KockyJMountain ally is P. flexilis ; in Mexico it is replaced by P. Ayacahuite and P. Buonapartea ; in the Old World, proceeding westwards, P. parviflora is its comparatively insignificant representative in Japan ; in the Himalayas P. excelsa takes its place, and resembles it much more closely ; it extends into Afghanistan; and, lastly, this form of Pinus terminates in the isolated P. Peuke of a few mountains of Mace- donia, which has the cones of P. excelsa and the habit and dark colour of P. Strobus and Lambertiana. The specimen here drawn grew near the hotel at Calaveras, and within a short distance of the grove of Wellingtonias. J. D. Hooker. Fig. I,— Lambert's pine. (From a bketth taken from a native specimen by Sir Joiepli Hooker.) enough, all those which 1 have seen of the Lambert developed in England are as small as those of the Weymouth, though not so slender. Engelmann dis- tinguishes it from all its allies by a minute anatomical character, there being an abundance of strengthening cells under the epidermis and around the ducts of the leaf. These anatomical characters, however, have not proved so constant in other species as they were sup- LORD CATHCART ON THE POTATO DISEASE. The current volume of the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, 1884, vol. xx., p. 266, contains an essay from the pen of Earl Cathcart on the culti- vated Potato. The paper is brightly written, and highly readable. There is a good deal of quiet humour throughout the essay, which sometimes deve- lopes into joking ; for instance, the author says the authorities on the Alert were certainly not on the alert. The paper contains many new (or till now overlooked) historical facts. At several points it will provoke a smile, or even a hearty laugh, for Earl Cathcart has a keen eye for the amusing side of the subject. Throughout the paper there are none of the acrimonious examples of hyper-criticism so common in the writings of persons who set themselves up as great scientific authorities. No one in future who writes on the Potato disease can overlook this paper. The writer quotes many authorities, and he is careful to give foot-note references to all ; some of these are possibly not accessible to the general public, as, for instance, the diary of the eighth Lord Cathcart. After a few preliminary remarks the author gives De Candolle's historical account of the Potato, with a notice of Sir Walter Raleigh ; he then gives us refer- ences to Gerard, Shakespeare, Bacon, and Buckland in the publications of the Royal Society in 1663 ; the Potato is in the latter position termed "food tor swine, cattle, and poor people," He then refers to the Duchess of Buccleuch's Household Book, and says the cause of the Scotch people being at this time (1701) averse to the Potato was possibly because there is no mention of it in the Bible j and this fact, " in the strong language of those days, was ' damnably uncanny.' " The author goes on to mention a Potato farm of 50 acres near Edinburgh in 1734, and at this point mentions the comparative nutriment found in Potatos, and gives a description of the "curl" as first noticed in 1764, and which after seventy years' experience was at length described as a hereditary dis- ease. Referring now to the Gentlemen's AJagazine for 1764, Earl Cathcart quotes a precocious Jen- senite, who at that time wrote, " Mould your Potatos up monthly — continue moulding-up," and elsewhere, " mould-up fortnightly." Earl Cathcart says, " moulding-up " or " earthing-up," sometimes called Jensen's system, is no novelty, and " earthing- up appears rather in favour than otherwise, but should not be overrated." Experiments at Bedford in 1771 are quoted, and then the writer treatjof the Potato in France in 17S5, and conclusively shows that Parmentier in 1789 accurately described the effects ot the now too familiar fungus of the Potato disease, even to " et ils exhalent une odeur infecte. " The cultivation in Scotland is here returned to, and wet rot, dry rot, curl, taint, scab, and other maladies re- ferred to, with numerous references. He now arrives at the disastrous year 184S, when the course becomes clearer, and Peronospora, Fusisporium, &c., are ad- verted to ; the author, however, wisely declines to write at length on the fungi of Potatos, but he gives, from his own point of view, a sketch of Potato physiology, and refers at some length to fungus spores 12 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Ianuarv 3, l&iJi. and germs, which are ever present in the air, with views derived frora his own observations en the "balance of vegetation," He points out that in 1846 Poland escaped the great wave of the Potato blight. Hire he desciibes the woik of Professor De Bary, and correctly points out thai dogmatism is found not so much with De Bary himself as in the " School of Ds E.iry." No man has greater cause to wish to be "saved frora his fritnds"(?) than the respected Professor of Strasbourg. The au'.hor makes a great point of the habits and nature of the Potato plant in a v/ild stale, and laments our want of information on this head. He tells us, however, as much, or almost as much, as is known of the wild state of the Potato, alihough one or iwo of the more recent essays on this part of the subject have been overlooked. Lord Cathcart describes the reintro- duction of the Potato from Europe to America, an J adverts to its cultivation in the latter country at the present time. He tells us a good deal about Solanum Rlaglia and other species of Solanum, and criticises the action of the House of Commons and their decision in reference to disease-proof Potatos, &c. He points out that in the Admiralty Manual of ^cknliju Inijidry^ published by the Lords Com- missioners of the Admiralty, whilst inquiry is suggested in South America as to sarsaparilla, balsam of copaiva, ipecacuanha, and the Cow-tree, not a word is printed about the grand old Potato plant. Earl Cathcart hopes that some day a competent person will be found on board one of Her Majesty's Ehips bound for South America ready to note and describe Solanum tuberosum, S. Maglia, 6cc., in their native haunts. The author speaks of the possible (or impossible) degeneration of the Potato through over- cultivation, and refers to the trial grounds and experi- ments of the Messrs. Sutton, of Reading. Amongst the numerous works mentioned by Earl Cathcart no reference is made to Mr. Alfred Smce's work, The Potato Plant. This book was published in 1S46, and is full of information. ISL^. Sraee con- sidered that an insect called by him Aphis vastator was the inciting cause of the Potato disease. When the pantomime was produced at Drury Lane theatre at Christmas, 1S46, an enormous Potato was brout^ht in with an abnormally inflnted insect upon it. The Potato was inscribed " Aphis vast-tater." I do not say that the physiological points men- tioned by Eirl Cathcart will be accepted, but the essay has the one great advantage of showing how an unbiassed mind has been influenced by facts. The observations of an original thinker, even if wrong, are better than the writings of a copyist— the former exhi- bits new mental impressions, whilst the latter is a mere imperfect reflection of some one else's impressions. At p. 279, Karl Cathcart says, " Scab is a disease nl the tuber, a fungus, Tubercinia scabies." Here we find a note which tells us how Fischer de Waldheim has altered the name to Sorosporium. No one wants to know about this party (like the pirate in (julliver) and his new name. A note should have indicated the important fact that it is a mere popular error lo suppose that scab is caused by Tubercinia scabies at all, as pointed out by Berkeley in his original description. The specific name scabies perhaps started the error. Berkeley, whose species it is, wrote "often confounded wiih the true Potato scab." Tubercinia scabies is the cause of the black Potato smut, a close ally of the familiar black smut of Oits and other cereals. On p. 2S6 Earl Cathcart says, "The Potato fungus" (quoting from the Journal of the Royal A^riiultural Society) " appears on Lillum lancifolium three weeks before the Potato is affected. This passes unchallenged, but a note would have been useful here to point out that the fungus on Lilies is most likely the destructive"ally of Peronospora named Ovularia elliplica by Mr. Berkeley, and not Perono- spora infestana. The disease described as occurring in South America, on p. 289, where the margins of Potato leaves take the "colour of tobacco with a whitish border," is probably due to P. infestans. The mould which causes the " snuli-dusted appearance " in South America, and which rpreads to Lucerne (p. 2S9), and is termed " red-rust fungus " on p. 2SS, is undoubtedly Rhizoctonia vfolacea ; the fungus has exactly the same habit in Europe, it sometimes extends to Asparagus. A note to this effect would also have been useful. At p. 2S5, where Earl Cathcart mentions Professor D2 Bary, and says that he (the author) had read the evidence of the writer of these lines with " particular j»kaiure," Mr. Baker insttis an aUour,din<; note to this effect : — " The principal point at issue between the two is, that De Bary thought what he called Pythium vexans was a distinct organi'^m, whilst Smiih regarded it as a dimorphic form of the Peronospoia.' No statement could be more contraiy to fact. Pio- fessor Ue Bary's Pylhium vexans has never specially concerned me, and I have [not gone out of my way !o explain it. It has nothing whatever to do viih Peronospora infestans or any other Peronospora. I cannot help thinking some one must have hoaxed Mr, Baker on this point. If the essay is republished in book form the an- notations should be dispensed with altogether or made more complete and correct. I entirely dis- cigree with Mr. Baker's idea that the Potato in its present tuber-bearing st?.te is in a disorganised, un- healthy condition, a fitting subject for the attacks of fungi and aphides. Parasitic fungi and aphides c'o not altack "disorganized and unhealthy plants, " IV. G. Smith. BEGONIA SOCOTRANA. The most attractive stove-plant in flower at Xew just now is this Begonia, which was introduced to Kew some three years ago, and which has since then annually proved itself of more than ordinaiy merit. It is grown in a loamy soil, the bulbils being shaken out of the old soil and potted into small pots about the end of July (ihis species goes to rest in summer). After being started in the propagating house the plants are removed into a greenhouse, where they are allowed plenty of light and moisture both overhead and at the root. This treatment induces the plants to make sturdy growth and large foliage of good substance. In October they are removed into a house with an intermediate temperature, where they soon push forth flowers which remain in beauty for six or eight weeks. Apart from the singular shape of its foliage, and the remarkable manner in which it reproduces itself by means of bulbils, this Begonia is possessed of cha- racters of considerable beauty ; the flowers are large, of the brightest rose-pink, and are produced in abun- dance by healthy strong plants. Moreover, they aie extraordinary in that they last, both when left on the plant and when cut and placed in water, a much longer time than any other Begonia. In my opinion the plant has only to become better known to ensure its wide popularity as a winter flowering plant. At Kew there are several groups of it in the T'^^^^S^* where they have been in beautiful flowering condition for about a month, and there is premise of quite as good a display for some weeks to come. This Begonia is also interesting in that it comes from an isolated corner of the world, far removed from the homes of other Begonias, and remarkable for its ugly gouty stemmed plants, rather than for those of beauty, such as is seen in this Begonia. A figure of the plant was given in these columns, p. S, Jan. i, 18S1. IV, A'. THE NOMENCLATURE OF COLOURS.* The subject of colour names is so vast and intricate that in the following paper I have confined myself to the consideration of those only which occur in Fries' description of the Agaricini in his Hymenonycdcs Europci. Even in this restricted field I have found nearly 200 names of colours, although, with one or two exceptions, I have avoided reference to compound names ; if I had considered the complete list that I originally made I should have had to describe about 840. Perhaps I have omitted some few as it is, for I have had to go o\er some 20,000 lines of concisely- written Latin to find those that I have gathered together for examination here. In so long a list of names it is fortunate that not every one requires separate consideration. I have enumerated not only the colour-names used for descriptive purposes by Erics himself, but also most of those used as specific. And in making specific names there is a natural tendency to use a colour- name absolutely synonymous with another, simply from the fact of the most obvious one having been already used. For instance, a describer wishes to • Reid ttfote the Woolhope Kiiluralisls" Field Club. Octc- ber »i, 1384, aid reptmlel ficin Gieri ti'i, in v.tw uf the diftCUisron up^n ihis £ut'j;ct now going on in our cciluinnf. name a white species Agaricus albus ; but when he finds that name is preoccupied he names his species A. candidus. Still, we reed not conclude that he had the strict classical Latin diiitrcrcesof the two words in his mind's c}e ; he prolably never thought that A. albus was so named because it was of a dead white, nor in speaking of A. candidus netd he have meant to imply that it was of a glistening whi e, as Cicero might have done. This exigency has burdened the list of colour-names wiih a good deal of useless lumber, but the principle is one that, in the inter- pretation of specific nair.es, must never be forgotten. Another diflrculty that constantly presents itself is ihc indtfiniteness with which colour-names were used in classical times. Perhaps the best instance of lie vague way in which the ancient Ucmans used the names of colours is to be found in a line by Albino- \anus, a Latin poet contemporary with, and a frier.d of, Ovid's, who flourished about A, D 28; hedescribts a woman's arms as whiter than the " purple " snow : — " Brachia purpurea candidiora nive. " Of course, " purple " here only means "glistening " or "dazziirg," but such a use of words does not accord with modern ideas. Much of ihe difficulty that surrounds the nomen- clature of colours is also due to there being no authoritative cede. In each branch of art or know- ledge at the present day dilt'erett names are uted for the same colours. The " purple " of the cardinal is crimson; the "pink" of the huntsman is scarlet An artist calls his colours by the names under which he buys them of his colour-man ; but a milliner wants to invent a fresh name with each change of fashion, and the words we get from the fashionable journals are veritable marvels — couleur de crapaud mort, eau de Nil, elephaat-grey, London smoke, Mushroom- colour, being specimens. Fortunately "they have their day, and cease to be." An amusing instance was given me lately by an cmnibus-driver. One of his passengers had been much struck by a pair of horses he bad been driving — a dun and a strawberry- roan, in the horsey man's language ; the passenger, a tailor, described the one as "drab," and the other as a " claret-mixture," Perhaps the only wonder is that there is such a limited number of colour names, after all. If we have a clear idea of a dozen colours we must remem- ber that we can get 479,001,600 permutations out of them, by mixing each with every other, even'in similar proportions. For our names to be of any use we must group around each one those shades which most closely assimilate to the named type, and indi- cate their difierences as far as we can by compound words, or qualifying adjectives, or suffixes, or affixes. We all have an idea of the colour of gold, for example, but look at a sovereign, together with a dozen pieces of jewellery made at various times and places, and you will soon see what a very comprehensive, or, as the logicians say, extended, signification such a colour- name may have. And if a bright and definite colour may be so varied, how much more variable may a less pronounced one be I Much has been written on the science of colourt, but I know no book that deals at all exhaustively with their nomenclature. Field's Chromatoi^raphy has a wide reputation among artists, but it is of Htlle use to us. Neither is the classical work of Chevreul, the oldest professor in the world, who still, in his ninety-ninth year, lectures on chemistry in Paris. "We need not be much troubled about classification, for a very simple method is sufticicnt for our pur- poses. But it is as well to know how chromato- graphers ordinarily classify colours ; and to this end I copy the following from one of the many editions of Field's book : — White, black. N'ellow, red, bhrc. Orange, green, purple. Citrine, russet, olive. Brown, rnaioon, grey. Neutral colours . . Primary colours.. Secondary colours Tertiary colours . , yemi-neutral colours I propose to group the whites and blacks with ihe greys that come between them ; to range the oranges, citrines, and browns after the yellows ; to include the russets and maroons as subordinate to the reds ; to take the purples as variations of the blues ; and to comprehend the olives under the greens. Sombre colours dominate so conspicuously among fungi that we understand their coloration best by regarding their lowly hues as variants from types that owe their names to their very brilliancy, Their, complications arc lo tANl'ARV 3, 1SS5. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 13 j^real that it is often dlllicult, even as it i;-, lo refer ihem to their proper types; a trouble that was ever present to me when I prelimarily essayed to classify Ihem, L would begin with the whiles and the black?, an-l their inleniiediate greys ; I at once discard the tram- mels that the chromatographers lay down for our deception, when they say that these, in their extremes, arc no colours at all. Whites. And first of the whites, ^fy list shows nineteen di>tinct terms for these. But most of them are made up on the principle that I have already laid down as of constant occurrence, viz., that they owe their appearance to the natural tnd obvious terms having been already used. The classical distinction of albus iKcaning a dead while, and candidus a i-hining white, has little prominence in Fries' descrip- tion. To Tries albus is white, and perfect whiteness admits of no qualification. If albus, as a specific name, is preoccupied, albellus, albescens, albidior, albidus, and albineus, can only express the idea of whiteness, but seem used rather for " whitish." Albicans and candicans should strictly mean "be- coming white." Argenteus and argyraceus are a silvery-white, silvered. Dealbatus, white-washed or plastered— cerussatus, coloured with white lead — and argillaceus, like wild clay — seem to connote texture or surface along with whiteness. Eburneus, ivory- white ; ermineus, ermine-white ; niveus, snow-white ; and virgineus, virgin or pure white, have no more distinction than the Knglish terms by which they are naturally translated. Greys. Between the extremes of white and black there n)ay be great varieties of greys, and the pure greys run into the blues and browns, so that they are best studied in three groups. Of the pure greys canus and incanus are the nearest to white ; just as we call white hair or a white horse "grey." Cinereus is the grey of wood-ashes, cinerascens is becoming iuch a grey ; griseus seems to be a little darker, and lixivius is darker slill and ^inclining to brown. Cre- taceo-pallidus is a pale chalky-grey. Nigrescens and nigricans do not mean so much dark grey as a grey that turns black with age. Of greys that incline to blue caesius is the palest ; it was the classical term for the blue-grey of the eye, Glaucus is a grey that inclines to green, [and glau- cescens denotes a paler shade of the same colour. Liveus and lividus are bluish or leaden-grey, much like molybdus and plumbeus. Ardosiacus is a dull lead colour. Agaricus (Collybia) tylicolor and A. (Omphalia) oniscus seem to owe their specific names to their likeness in colour to a kind of cod-fish, known as oniscus, and so mean rather a light grey, and not the dark slate-grey of the woodlouse we describe under the name of Oniscus. Chalybaeus is a steel or iron-grey ; T lies, under Cortinarius sciophyllus, explains it as cceruleo-fuscus, dusky blue. Of the brown-greys, murinus, mouse-colour, is the palest (cf. Paxiilus extenuatus, Fries, p. 402). Myo- chrous should have the same signification, but is used by Fries for a flusky umber. Argillaceus is a light browgish-ash colour. Fuscus, dusky, is rather a vague term, but it is almost too brown to be classed under the greys at all ; fuscescens means becoming dusky. Ravus is a dark grey. Fumosus, fuligineus, and fuliginosus are best translated smoky, and not, as the latter might be, sooty-black. Blacks. Pure blacks, fortunately, do not admit of much variation, although since an absolute black is rarely seen, several terms occur. Ater is strictly a lustre- leas black, and niger js a glistening black ; piceo- ater, black as pilch, and furvus, swarthy, come into the former category ; coracinu?, raven-black, with a tinge of blue, into the latter. Atratus and pullatus mean simply "clothed in black." Deni- gratus, " blackened," is used for a dark dusky brown, and not black at all. Nigerrimus, "black as black can be," seems rather pleonastic, but Fries uses it in his descriptions (Agaricus Pan:^olus hyporaelas, p. Yellows. The nex group, the yellows, under which I range the oranges, citrines, and browns, presents the greatest difficulties of all, and it is hard to get them into satisfactory order. Canon Du Port, in Ihe interesting paper which we had the pleasure of hearing him read last year, cleared up many doubtful poinls ; but his range was more limited than that which I stt myself here. The type of pale yellow seems to be luteus, like the llowcrs of Ihe plant N\'oad (Is.itis tinctoria). Paler than this aie luleohis and sulphureus, sulpbur-yellow. Stramineus, straw-coloured, denotes a paler and less pure yellow, Naples yellow, of which a deeper, duller ihade is cerinus, croceus, salTron-ycllow, being a fuller shade. Cilrinus is our lemon-yellow, yellow of wax. The type of full yellow is fiavus, gamboge-yellow, which at its fullest brilliancy is flnvissimus. Flavidus is a paler yellow, purer and richer than luteus. \'itellinus, like ihe yelk of an egg, is used by Fries, as the Canon reminded us last jcar, to describe the Chanlarclle (Canlharellus cibarius). Not far tlV llavis is aureus, gold-coloured, which seems to me most like ihe Cadmium-yellow of artists ; its -liminu- live, aureoluS; does not seem to be a very difl'erent shade, Galbanus, the colour of the gum galbanum, is a greenish-yellow. The orange-yellows, made up of yellow and red, not brown, are typically two— aurantius being a full orange, Cadmium-orange ; and aurantiacus a paler orange, containing less red. Igneus and fiammeolu.s, denoting the colour of flame ; and fulmineus, that of lightning, come in this place, but seem to have no very certain application. (To be continued.') NOTES ON THE CULTIVATED ASTERS.— VI. {Continued from vol, .r.ivV.,/. 681.) Subgenus i. Euaster. — Bracts of the involucre dry at the base, furnished with distinct green leafy points. Heads copiously panicled, and stems abun- dantly leafy. The largest subgenus, confined to America. (.roup I\'. Heterophylli.— Pubescence of the stem neither tomentose nor viscid. Lower leaves of the stem cordate, distinctly petioled, 26. A. iiudidatui, Linn. A. paniculatus, Nuttail. — Stems 3 — 4 feet long, pubescent from low down. Lower stem-leaves distinctly petioled, cordate ovate acute, sub- entire, with a blade 3—4 inches long, those of the panicle ovate or oblong lanceolate, sessile. Heads middle-sized, -^- — % inch diameter, arranged in an ample deltoid panicle involucre campanulale, ,\ inch long, well imbricated ; bracts with short acute adpressed green tips. Ligules about twenty, lilac, oblanceolate, obtuse. Achene finally glabrous ; pappus dirty white, flexuose, \ inch long. Canada to Kentucky, Arkansas, and Florida. A. diversifolius, Michx. {A. asperulus and Baldwinii, T. and G.)i is a Southern variety with longer virgate branches bearing fewer laxer heads, beset with small rigid lanceolate leaves. A. anomalus, Engelm., a distinct Western species, not in our collection, has leaves most like those of undulatus, but much fewer larger heads, with long spreading tips to the bracts of ihe involucre, and about forty bright violet ray- flowers. It would be a desirable plant lo have intro- duced now, when public attention is so much turned to the genus. 27. A. Shortii^ Hook. — Stem slender, erect, j — 4 feet long, pubescent upwards. Lower stem-leaves cor- date-ovate, acute, subentire, 4 — 6 inches long, hairy all over beneath ; those of the panicle sessile, or nearly so, oblong-lanceolate. Heads ^— i inch in diameter, form- ing a lax deltoid panicle with subcorymbose branches. Involucre campanulate, 5 inch long ; bracts well imbri- cated, with short adpressed deltoid green tips. Ligules about thirty, bright lilac, -( inch long. Achene glabrous ; jiappus brownish-white, flexuose, ,\ inch long. Ohio to Georgia, Kentucky, and Illinois, Flowers with us early in October, 28. A. a^urcui, Lindl. — Stems ilendcr, erect, 3 — 4 feet long, finely pubescent upwards. A few lower leaves cordate-ovate, with long petioles, with an acuminate blade 3 — 4 inches long, rough on both surfaces, pubescent beneath ; leaves of the panicle and its branches small, sessile, lanceolate, rigid. Heads middle-sized, about 4 inch in diameter, forming a very lax panicle with corymbose branches. Involucre obconic, ^j inch long, well imbricated, the bracts with small deltoid erect folia- ceous tips. Ligules 20 — 30, bright violet-blue, \ inch long. Achene glabrous ; pappus dirty while, flexuose, \ inch lonij. New York and Uhiu lo MinoesotEi, Arkauisas, and Texas. 2(N A. lordifolius, Linn. A. paniculatus and hetc- rophyllus, Wllld.— Stems 3—4 feet long, flexuose. finely pubescent upwards. Lower stem-leaves distinctly petioled, conspicuously cordate-ovate, sharply toothed, thin in texture, acuminate, 3—4 inches long ; upper stem-leaves ovate or oblong, sessile. Heads small, net more than \~i inch in diameter, arranged in very denic ample p.iniclcs. Involucre campanulate, \ Inch Ion;.', well imbricated, the bracts with short deltoid erect green tips. Disc-flowers purple. Ligules ic— 12, pale lilac, \ inch long. Achene glabrous ; pappus while, flexuose, \ inch long. New Brunswick to Georgia, and westward to Wis- consin and Missouri. The commonest species of this group in cultivation, and one of the most floriferous of all the Asters. Flowers with us late in October. 30. A. Dnimmondii, Lindl.— Stem slender, pubescent, 3—4 feel long. Lower leaves petioled, cordate-ovate, serrated, thin, pubescent on both surfaces ; upper small, ovate sessile, entire. Heads middle-si/ed, arranged n a lax panicle. Involucre campanulate, \ inch long, well imbricated ; bracts with lanceolate erect green tips. IJgules about twenty, pale lilac, \ inch long, Illinois and Minnesota to Texas. Scarcely worth separating as a species from A. sagittifolius, 31. sagiilifolius, Willd., A. paniculatus, Muhl. A. hirtellus and A. urophyllus, Lindl.— Stems 2—3 feet long, erect, finely pubescent upwards. Lower leaves petioled, cordate-ovate, acute, but not so cordate or so much toothed as in A. cordifolius ; central stem leaves narrowed gradually or suddenly into a short, often winged, petiole, not cordate ; upper leaves sessile, lar- ccolate. Heads middle-sized, about ^ inch diameter, arranged in a dense deltoid panicle. Involucre campanu- late, \ inch long, well imbricated, the bracts with green lanceolate erect tips. Ligules about twenty, pale lilac, 5 — ,^ inch long. Achene glabrous ; pappus dirty white, 1, inch long. Canada and New York to Missouri, Dakota and Florida. Flowers with us at the end of September. This concludes the series of the true Asters. J. G, {To he continued. BEANS. The difTerent varieties of Bean ordinarily grown may be referred to seven more or less well-markf d species belonging to the natural order Leguminosre [omitting the Broad Beans, Faba vuh]aris\. They may be somewhat popularly distinguished as follows :— 1. riiaseolus vulgaris, L.— The ordinary kidney Bean, either dwarf or running. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets triangular, ovate, more or less hairy, flowers axillary, single or in clusters of two or three, white running through the various shades of dark purple. Pods of medium size, slender, smooth. 2. Phascohis multiflonis, Lam.— The Scarlet Run- ner. In many respects similar to the last, distin- guished by its tuberous roots, tall running habit of growth, well-developed racemes of scarlet or white flowers and large rough pods. The cotyledons do not appear above ground in vegetation. 3. Phaseolus lunaltis, L.— The Lima Bean, always running, leaflets narrower, more halberd-shaped, often mottled in two shades of green, smooiher than P. vul- garis, flowers white, small, pod very broad, flat, leathery, Beans rather large, with peculiar lines radiating from the eye. 4. Dolkhos ses./uipcJa'.is.—lht Asparagus Bean, always running, leaflets plainly halberd - shaped, nearly smooth, flowers yellowish-purple, very large, pods in pairs, cylindrical, very long, i8 inches or more, Beans small, kidney form, very distant in the pod, 5. Dolkhos {sinensis .').— The Southern Cow Pea, similar to the last, but distinguished by its dwarf form and shorter pods, with the Beans crowded in them, 6. n^ita ( !■).— The Chinese Bean, dwarf m appearance, resembling dwarf forms of the Kidney Bean, flowers yellow, pods small, cylindrical, straight, seeds small, hilum elongated. 7. Soja hisfiiiia, Mrench.— The Soja Bean, not running, iS inches to 2 or more feet high, leaflets broadly oval, whole plant, including pod, covered with rusty brown hairs, flowers axillary, very minute, white or purple pods short, straight, rarely containing more than two Beans. The cotyledons, after vegeta- tion, develope into leaves. The varieties of the ordinary garden or Kidney Bean are so numcrou? as to make the advantages o( 14 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 3, 1S85. some system of classification very apparent. The characters which seem to us to be of most use in forming such a classification are those obtained from the variation in size, shape, and colour of the ripe seed. This is a basis of the classification made by Martens in Germany, which we have to some extent followed. The colour of the edible pods, and the presence or absence of a climbing habit, are also uf use in separating varieties. Nr,.v York Agricultural Station Report, opportunities for becoming acquainted with wet rot while experimenting with Phytophthora. If cooidia of this fungus be placed upon Potato slices, in the course of a few days, depending upon the temperature at which the culture is made, the slices become dis- eased ; but it very often happens that, as well as being affected with the Phytophthora, they are ON POTATO DISEASES. (Continued from p. 7S8, vol. xxii.') Wet Rot (Nashfaule) has been known as a tuber- destroying agency for a great number of years, long before the Phytophthora appeared in Europe. Mr. Jensen informs me that in 1S15 a well known and reliable agricultural writer, Mr. J. C. Drewson,* says '* that the Potatos ought to be preserved above-ground for he had more than once seen Potatos stored in holes in the ground completely rotten, probably on account of water having found its way into the pits." Mr. B. F. B. Konne, in the same periodical, in the same year, says that " in 1S13 the Potatos in the pits had rotted to a great extent, not only with him, but with some of his neighbours. lie thinks this due to water having percolated into the pits from the snow that year having been unusually deep." In the following year, 1814, 240 bushels of Potatos rotted in one pit, which constituted the half of its total contents. This affection of Potatos was described by Schacbt,t as well as by other writers. It is one of the most important affections to which Potatos are subject. It attacks and destroys them while they are still in the ground in wet seasons, as well as after they have been lifted and stored in pits. The whole interior of a tuber affected with wet rot is rapidly converted into a fcetid watery pabulum. The odour is quite characteristic, it is offensive and sourish. On the exterior appear various fungi, but these are the effect of the diseased condition into which it has passed, not the cause of it. Notably amongst these fungi are Fusisporium solani, a well known fungus, which Reinke and Berthold % have shown is not an autonomous species, but the conidia of one of the Sphseriacei, called by them Hypomyccs solani, but which belongs rather to the genus Lisea of Saccardo. Another very common fungus is the Spicaria solani of liarting (fig. 5, d), figured and described by him as well as by De Bary,§ Schacht, and others, which Zopf j| has shown to be the conidia of a Nectria, N. solani, Zopf (fig. 5, a, b, c). Zopf also found a Cbcetomium, to which he gave the name C. bostrychodes.lf C. crispatura, Fckl.,** also occurs here as well as many other species. Wet rot is caused by one of the Schizomycetes, namely. Bacillus amylobacter, Van Tieghem (figs. 2, 3). ft This is the Clostridium butyricum, Pra2.,l| and is considered to be the ferment of butyric fermen- tation, the vibrion butyrique of Pasteur. Reinke and Berthold ^§ describe and figure two Bacteria, which they consider to be the cause of wet rot, namely, the Bacillus subtilis of Cohn and Bacterium navicula, but Praz- mowski has shown that these are not two species, but only conditions of the same, which is not B, subtilis at all, but B. amylobacter. Bacillus amylobacter in the presence of water first attacks the parenchymatous cell walls, and by destroying them permits the starch cells to escape. These in their turn are attacked and disintegrated by the action of the Bacillus, the result of which is that the solid tuber becomes con- verted into a diffiuent mass. The starch grains float about in this creamy olTensive pabulum, resisting, as they do, longest the influence of the Bacillus, but eventually they become disorganised (fig. 4). The development of Bacillus amylobacter, as observed by Prazmowski, is given in fig. 3. During the past winter (1SS3-S4) I had ample * Landaeconomiske Tidsender, 1815. + Schacht, Bericht iiber Karioffelpjlanze uftd deren Krank- heiten, 1856. X Reinke and Berlhold, m Zcrzetzung dtr K arte ffel dutch P/lzc, 1879, pp. 27, 28, t. i. and ii, § De Bary, Die gegenifjartig herrschende Kartoffelkrank- Jteit, 1861, t. i., f. 13. [| Zopf, Uebcr Chivtomium, Sttzunsgl'. der Bot. Vereins der Provinz Br-anderil'urg, 1878, T[ Zopf, Entivickcl. der Chtrtont,, p. 8t, t. iv., f. 14—28. •• Fuckel, Symbol. Mycol.^ p. 90. ti Van Tieghem, Hull. Soc. Bot. France, vol. xxiv., 1877. XX Prazmowski, Eniivickeluugsgeichichte einegen Bade- rien Arien^ 1880, pp. 24—37, t. ii.. f. 1—4. §§ Reinke and Berthold, lor. cit., pp. 15 — 25, t. vii., f. 7 — 14. o-O-Q-04 ..oC7 re p- Fig. 2.— bacillus amylobacter. A, various forms of the Bacillus : B, germination of the spores produced in three-quarters of an hour ; c, other spores after one hour and three-quarters. attacked by wet rot. It is often a race between the Phytophthora and the wet rot ; if the former has had time to establish itself a crop of conidia is obtained, but if the wet rot gains the upper hand no conidia are developed. After several failures from this cause Mr. Jensen informed me how I could obtain a pure cul- ture of Phytophthora. To infect fresh slices of Potato FlC, 3. — UAlII-LUS AMVLOfiAi. ri'.K. D, spindle-shaped ; k, elongated and ellipsoidal forms : f, capi- tate forms ; G, vibrio-like forms ; H, two linear series with separate swollen joints. (Figs. 2 and 3 after Praz- mowski.) the best plan is to shake up the conidia-beating slices in a small quantity of water, and to dip the slices you wish to infect into this spore-charged water. It is obvious that when once wet rot gains admission into your material, which it is sure sooner or later to do, you will fail in obtaining conidia, In this case a pure culture may be obtained by availing yourself of the fact that Phytophthora conidia can withstand a greater amount of desiccation without being killed than the organism or organisms causing wet rot can. It is only a question of degree, for when once the conidia are thoroughly dried they are killed. Having, then, dipped the fresh slices into washings of the old ones which contain both conidia and Bacilli, instead of at once placing them under a bell-glass, allow them to be exposed to the air until they are just dry on the surface, so that no fluid can be seen upon them. Of course the length of time necessary for this depends upon the temperature of the room in which the experi- ment is made ; generally they will require to be turned over, so that both sides may be equally dried. They may be then placed under a bell-glass; the conidia will be alive, but the Bacilli dead, or, at any rale, in a state of quiescence, and a pure culture of Phytophthora will be obtained. If the precaution of drying be not taken, the slices in a few days will become soft and pasty, and eventually diffluent, like cream, and horribly fcetid. Hence it is obvious that there is nowhere for the mycelium of the fungus to grow, for it cannot develope amongst a mass of starch granules, and so it is that the wet rot is fatal to the Phytophthora. But this is not all ; the presence of the mycelium of Phytophthora in a tuber predisposes it to wet rot. We know, as a matter of experience, that diseased tubers rapidly become soft and pass into a loathsome mass of sour-smelling offensive pulp. The mere presence of Phytophthora mycelium does not cause this, but it results from the advent of wet rot. Wet rot is highly infective, one tuber will affect contiguous ones, provided always there is a sufficiency of moisture, especially if this be stagnant, as when they are in the damp ground. Wet rot takes place largely in Potato graves, and annually destroys immense numbers of tubers. Dry Rot (Trockenfaule, or STOCiiFAULE). This condition is described and figured by Schacht.* According to Kiihn f it first appeared in Germany in 1830, when it caused much apprehension on the part of the Potato growers. Kiihn met with it in 1S41 — 42 in Saxony, where it occurred with such virulence that the attention of the Government was drawn to it, and measures were taken to obtain accurate information concerning it. Since 1S42 it has been more or less common .in Germany. It always makes its first appearance at the time the Potatos are lifted. Externally the affected tubers appear at first to be quite normal, but traces of the disease are to be found in their interior upon cutting them open. They soon, however, present a dead looking appearance externally, and upon section show in their centres brownish or bluish musty stains. They become hollowed, the cavity or cavities are sur- rounded by a brownish or blackish corky formation, which gives to the interior of the tuber a leathery consistence. By degrees the whole interior of the tubers becomes attacked with the dry rot ; the surface then gets shrivelled, and various moulds appear upon it, which impart to the interior a variously coloured mottled look. The affected tubers have a disagree- able sweetish mouldy odour, and when the dry rot has advanced to this stage they are friable. . The disease, Kiihn says, " always spreads from the interior outwards, and may thus always be distinguished from the disease caused by Phytophthora, which spreads from without inwards." So that a tuber affected with dry rot may be quite decayed and mouldy inside, while the exterior shows no signs 'of disease. This affection must not be confounded with the Phytoph- thora diseased tubers which have been kept in a dry place, for although these may be "rotten and dry, yet they are not affected with dry rot." Keinke and Berthold } describe the dry rotted tubers as being internally spongy, and dry to the touch like tinder, having a marbled or spotted appearance. They are lighter than sound tubers. In the most advanced state the proper substance of the tuber is replaced, by a yellowish-white, friable, pulverulent, or a floccose, linder-like substance. On section the affected tuber has a whitish, yellowish, reddish, or brownish marbled appearance. It does not appear that dry rot, as a distinct disease of the Potato, has been recorded hitherto in England, but the descriptions given above seem to recall to my * Schacht, Bcrkht iiber Kartoffclf/lnnze uttdUercn Krank luiteii, Berlin, 1856, pp. 19. so. t. viiL t Ktlhn, loc. cit., pp. 202—^(06. X Die Zerietiuvs tier Kartoffcl diirch PiUe, pp. 10—12 lANUARY 3, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 15 mind certain diseased tubers which I have from time to time seen. I find upon conversation with horti- culturists that they, too, have noticed it, although never having their attention specially directed to it, have regarded it as a form of the Potato disease (Phytophlhora). Since the above was written I have had the oppor- tunity of personally examining a true specimen of dry rot. The affected tuber was externally perfectly normal, showing no indication whatever of disease. It was cut in halves, however, for another purpose, and is represented at fig. 135, c, p. 7SS, vol. xxii. This figure, however, scarcely gives a correct idea of its appear.ance. The central part was rather darker than the sound part of the 6esh, but not so much as the figure shows. It was surrounded by an inky- black marginal zone, the outer border of which was sharply defined, but towards the interior this became shaded off. One half of this tuber was exhibited to the Scientific Committee, the other half I sent to Prof. Kiihn, who informed me that it was a typical specimen of dry rot in its early slate, {Tc be cotttiniud.) Lower Lias as to be within reacli of the Rhrv^tic, a rich and highly fossiliferous shell deposit between the Lias and the Ked Marl ; or higher updenudations may have given me a district, still Lias, but on the plain of Ammonites Bucklandi, with beds of rich fossiliferous limestone a few feet below the surface ; or, still ascending, a plateau is obtained, the surface of which is still blue clay, but the plain of Ammonites BRITISH APPLES. I QUITE agree with Mr. Miller in his recognition of the value of Mr. Barron's book on British Apples, and I hope that, following another exhi- bition, those who may contribute information, both on the varieties cultivated and the soils from which have produced them, will enter more fully into particulars by giving an intelligent geological description of their local formations, and thus enable Mr. Barron to prepare an improved and more com- prehensive edition of his useful work. There are doubtless many who, like myself, are desirous of obtaining more explicit information concerning the direct action of geological formations, of marked cha- racter, on fruit trees and fruit generally. These are circumstances that tend to modify the influence of soil, climate, elevation, and rainfall, amongst others, and these have to be accurately estimated and described. The effects of soil possessing in its com- position those constituents of fertility necessary to the perfect growth of a fruit tree are demonstrated in the Apples exhibited by Mr. Fairgrove and grown in the Dunkeld Gardens, which are situated as far north as Perthshire and near the great Highland Pass. I have also seen very fine Apples grown in Lord John Manners' garden at Birnam, showing what vigour, induced by good soil, will do to counteract climatic influences. The soil here is river drift and loam, is derived from granite. Gneiss, Trap, and Old Red Sandstone ; and not only fruit trees, but deciduous forest trees and Conifera:, demonstrate its fertility. The exceedingly varied character of the geology of the British Isles, the disturbance of formations by eruptive forces, the denudation to which each has been subjected, and the extensive deposits of dis- placed rocks and soil, the accumulation of glacial drifts, morasses, alluviums, make the determination of a local soil somewhat difficult ; but these are not in- superable. It would convey but a partial idea of existing circumstances to say that an orchard is situated on the Triassic or New Red Sandstone forma- tion. Subterranean forces may have thrown up the laminated sandstones of the Keuper, or denudation exposed the red marls, while in another case the beds of gypsum common to the formation may be found near the surface ; all these, though marked generally by the presence of sulphate of lime, differ materially in structure and in working. Taking another division of the same formation, the Bunter, a very consider- able difference exists between its several divisions — the conglomerates pebbly, poor, and siliceous ; the marls deep, compact, and retentive ; the sandstones warm, poor, receptive, and readily manageable. These are all New Red, but yet widely different, and calculated to affect the cultivation of fruit trees. The drifts and loams derived from this formation, and partaking of its mineral characteristics, also exhibit variations which deserve to be signified. I may, perhaps, by way of illustration, mention another formation with which I am familiar— that division of the great Oolitic system styled the Lias, of which the Vale of Belvoir largely consists. Generally, I might say that my orchards are on the Lias; but that information would only imperfectly convey the circumstances it is desirable to communi- cate. I may be so low down in the lowest bed of the C B P Fig. 4.— starch grains attacked nv nA^n.Ll. I. K, L, M, Starch grains in various degrees of disintegration. Magnified. (After Reinke and Eertliold.) semicostatus and Gryphea incurva, has been reached, and beds of these with other fossil shells within compass of the roots of plants, give advantages which the next plain, 50 feet higher, with its deep unbroken beds of pure clay, fails to offer. The Liassic series affords another and very striking illustration of my argument ; the middle division being distinguished, not by clay and limestone, but by Fig. 5. — NECTRIA SOLANI. . (AFTER BERTHOLD.) A, Sliglitly enlarged : B, Asci witli sporidia. magnified 600 diameters : c, Sporidia, isolated ; d, Spicaria solani, magni- fied 400 diameters (after De Bary.) ironstone. This, although between the upper and lower clays of the series, differs in colour as in cha- racter, affords a light, easily worked soil— a substra- tum of stone, and is altogether highly ferruginous. The illustrations I have offered serve to show the necessity of precision in the reports of the soil and position from which Apples or other fruits are pro- duced. Leicestershire was very indifferently represented at the Apple Congress. The show was early for our orchard fruit. I can scarcely agree with Messrs. Har- rison, who say in their report that this is a county in which the Apple crop is not considered of much importance, and that the trees are allowed to grow without either manure or management. To show what the cold clays of this county can produce I propose to send a collection of Apples to be inspected by Mr. Barron and the gentlemen composing the Fruit Com- mittee of the Royal Horticultural Society. Williaiti Ingraffi^ Belvoir, Dec. 15, 1884. JAPANESE TEA. Tea is one of the principal productions of Japan, and a large quantity of it is exported to the United States from the ports of Yokohama and Kobe. In Japan the use of Tea dates back to very early times, and at present it is more than ever a popular beverage. Whenever a guest presents himself at a person's house a cup of tea is at once offered him ; the omission to do this is a breach of polite- ness. It revives the spirits, it allays the enuid inci- dental to old age, and promotes sociability. In most houses it is the leaf of the Tea plant called Sencha that is used, and not the powdered leaf at all. Pow- dered Tea, Matcha, is usually used only in the houses of nobles and of the rich. A ceremonious system of drinking tea has existed in Japan from very ancient times. A gathering of friends is held in a certain small room of fixed dimensions, in which ground or powdered Tea is served to them. This room is called stikiya, and is generally detached from the dwelling- house. Outside and about the room curious and valuable stones and plants are arranged, and inside old Tea utensils are displayed, also old scroll pictures and other paintings. At the time of a gathering various kinds of prepared dishes are placed on low stands before each guest. The host himself prepares Koicho (thick tea) in the presence of his guests, and offers a cup of it to all the guests (always five), to be taken in turn, after which usuclia (weak tea) is handed to them. The great point about this tea-room is, not that it be gaudilyMecorated, but that it be neat and thoroughly clean. The process of making tea for everyday use does not differ materially from that adopted in England, but in the matter of ceremonious tea-drinking it is necessary that great attention be paid to the selection and preservation of Tea, the selection of the water, the arrangement of the utensils, observation of the temperature of the water, and care in the washing of the utensils. Araucaria imbricata.— I send you for publi- cation dimensions of a specimen Araucaria imbricata, that might compare favourably with one noted [at p 492 of vol. xxii.] It stands in the grounds at Lough Fea Castle, the residence of S. E. Shirley, Esq., Co. Monaghan. The height is 34 feet 10 inches, girth at the base 8 feet 6 inches, and at 6 feet from the ground 5 feet 6 inches. It was with no small amount of difficulty these measurements were taken, from the fact that the bottom boughs are lying on the ground, covering a diameter of 34 feet, and all the way to the top they are literally heaped on each other. The healthful appearance of this truly noble specimen is rarely met with in one of its kind, but is sufficient proof that it is at home with soil and situation. R. McK. Retinosporas. The past season seems to have been particularly destructive to these much-admired and popular coniferous plants. The great heat and dryness, judging from our somewhat extended observa- tions in many private gardens, as well as in several nurseries where these plants have been grown rather extensively, would seem to have very materially injured them ; so much so that the greater number will have to be rooted up. As decorative plants in a small state they— especially the plumosa aurea— are extremely handsome and invaluable, but as specimen Conifers beyond a certain stage they seem to be utterly useless— excepting, it may be, in some rnoist sheltered situations. This result is extremely disap- pointing, so much having been expected of Ihese plants. They are, in a sense, perfectly hardy. 16 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 3, 1885, although In some cases it has been noletl that the stems of the plumosa and plumosa aurea have been severely afTected by frost, causing them to split, and elding ultimately in the death of the plants. K. pisifera and R. obtusa may be said to be perfectly hardy, but the plants as they grow up become very Hiked. How much inferior these plants are to Cupressus I-,awsoni and its endless variety, which no kind of weather seems to affect ! As a golden Conifer there is nothing to equal Cupressus Lawsoniana lulea, excepting Young's Juniper, Juniperus chinensis aurea, which, as we noted them last autumn, were perfect pillars of gold, and perfectly hardy. This is, without doubt, the best golden Conifer in existence. Eucalyptus coccifera. While looking round the Coombe Wood Nurseries of Messrs. J. Veilch & Sons a few weeks ago, in their trial ground I came across a plant of the I-^ucalyptus coccifera. I recognised it as being identical with the specimen we have growing here, which is now 63 feet high, with a girth of stem 9 feet at 3 feet from the ground ; diameter of the branches, 45 feet. This speciinen is nearly fifty years old, and was figured in your columns on July 26, 1S79, and on March 27, 1880. At Coombe Wood it has proved quite hardy, and is now strong and healthy. My object in drawing attention to this variety, which has proved itself more hardy than any other, is to make known to those interested in the Eucalyptus family that in the same nurseries I saw a fine batch of strong healthy plants in pots of the true coccifera variegata. 1 have met with several kinds stated to be the true coccifera in the hands of others, but wrongly named ; therefore, I trust my remarks as to where a true stock can be procured may be useful to some of your readers. D, C. Pi>-,mII, fouhlcrham Castle, FRUIT NOTES. Apple Golden Spire.— The plate, tab. 624, of the last number of the Floi ist and Pomohgist has a double interest— it is the last of the series in that periodical to whose cessation we have elsewhere alluded, and it is the faithful representation of a very handsome and useful Apple. It is a large, conical, somewhat angular, fruit, with a shoot-stalk and deep set open eye, skin pure golden-yellow, flesh white, tender, acid. In season from October to Christmas. It is not much known about London, but we doubt not that the publicity now given to it, and the brave show it made at the Apple Congress last year, will induce a demand for it, Mi;RE DE Menage Apple. — There are two Apples of the above variety exhibiting in the window of Mr. Coomber, of this town, which weigh I lb. 5 oz. each. Is not this an unusually large size ? Both are well coloured, and of good form. Harrison Weir, Ttmhridge Wells. WHY DO OUR WOODS NOT PAY? Because we are too late in beginning to thin them, and continue the work beyond the period when it should have stopped. It will be found on carefully examining the growing trees in the forest that from one or other of these two causes the value of the mature crop is much less, sometimes immensely so, than it other- wise would or should have been. The delay in com- mencing to thin is accounted for on various grounds, but the most common are first in order to be able to derive profit from the thinnings. This profit, though much talked of, and bulking largely in the minds of many proprietors, is little more than a vision or mirage in the desert. Having made several fair and im- partial experiments of thinning in dilTerent parts of the country, and when and where the thinnings realised as high prices as they are ever likely to do again there or anywhere else, and we never in any case received as much for the first thinnings as paid the work. We have generally put the cost of thinning a Pine or l''ir plantation done at so early an age that no profit was looked for, or expected, at 5^. to 6j. per acre, and this, as must appear self ex- planatory, is simply adding that sum to the cost of forming the plantation. If not actually doing so, it practically is so, for it must be years yet before any profitable return ought to be obtained from the plantation. What is earnestly desired to be made plain is, that while there is an apparent loss incurred by thinning Pineand Fir plantations before they are capable of yielding profitable returns, there is yet actually less loss by this than by the other and more common practice of delaying thinning till a certain amount of revenue is derived for the thinnings. The reason of this is that in thinning a plantation ten to fifteen years old a great number of the trees (even Larch) have to be cut, and yet nothing in the shape of money can be obtained for them. Some of them are neces- sarily dead, and consequently as hard as bones, and very difficult to cut ; many more are crooked, and some too short for net or other stakes. Another adverse circumstance presents itself in the difficulty of handling the thinning axe. The trees had been planted at about 4J feet apart, and if grown to fifteen years old, or even ten years in some cases, the tallest will be 15 to 20 feet high, and the side branches of the adjoining trees twisted and interlaced with each other ; if quite dead they are easily broken off, at least in the case of Scots Pine, but if only partially dead, and the crop is Larch or Spruce, they are tough and wiry, and consequently entail much toil and labour in performing the work. The laborious, disagreeable, and expensive work of this first thin- ning is not yet over, for the thinnings, whether pruned out or taken out of the plantation with the branches on, require to be carried through a dense thicket of spray. The crop as now thinned stands at about 600 trees per acre of Scots Fir or Spruce, and about 1200 if Larch ; but the trees have not yet shed their branches, nor are they to be pruned oli by artificial means, net yet having fulfilled the end and purpose Nature designed by them. It is thought by some to be bad economy, if not actual waste, to plant trees, allow them to attain a certain size, and yet cut them down before they are of any money value. A tree at six, eight, or even ten years' growth, is found to be of no actual money value at these ages, whereas if allowed a few years' more growth, say four to six additional years at most, they would be worth something approaching the cost of labour of cutting them. Now if the farmer were to reason and act thus in regard to his Turnip crop, Carrot, Mangel Wurzel, and suchlike, he certainly would fail in his efforts to grow profitable crops. It is needless to say there is a great and wide difference between agricultural cropping and that of forest trees ; but while there are lines of difference there are also those of agreement and coincidence. The ideal com- mercial tree is a branchless trunk of cylindrical form — tall, clean, straight, and free from knots and blemishes. A branchless trunk, however, though a subject to be longed for, especially as a commercial product, is neither easy to secure nor to be regarded other than a prodigy equally rare and costly. It will be seen by any one who takes notice of it, that in a forest composed of trees of different sizes, but of nearly the same age, such as are common in the Pine forests and woods of Strathspey, Deeside, Morayshire, Inver- ness-shire, Ross-shire, and other parts of the country both north and south, that clean grown trees with fewest branches are soonest ripe and mature, but fall an early prey to disease. It is no rare thing to find a fine clean tree clear of branches to near the top, of 100 years' growth, containing only to cubic feet of timber, or even less, ripe and ready to cut, growing at the rate of a quarter of a cubic foot annually, and depositing layers of wood scarely one- sixteenth of an inch thick, literally adding a quarter of a foot to the surface, and losing as much or more from natural internal decay, and worth only <,s. Beside this tree grows another, well branched, containing over 50 cubic feet, and still making wood ; growing at the rate of i^ cubic foot yearly, and depositing annual layers about one-eighth inch thick, and worthat least 25^. each. The large trees in order to be larger than the others must be well furnished with roots and branches, and these again must be provided in early life, otherwise they never can be established in any tree. The well rooted and branched tree not only grows faster than the imperfectly branched one, but it remains sound, and grows to older age than the other. Again it should be observed that owing to the surface of the large tree being so great, the annual deposit of woody matter {if the tree is healthy and of vigorous growth) is correspondingly great. Therefore the tree and consequently the forest or plantation pays best to- wards old age and maturity. The forester's problem to solve is, which class of trees pays best — the clean, fine trunk without branches, save a tuft on the top, or the less smooth and branchy one ? The mean between the two extremes here is certainly that to make choice of. Fine grown, but profitless trees are the re.ult of a paucity of roots and branches [That is, of leaves. En.], while rough, coarse- grained fast-grown ones are the result of too many. The question therefore is, as already said, what is the due and proper quantity of branches the tree should have upon it, so as neither to be too fine grained and profitless, nor loo coarse grained and worthless. By way of solving this difficulty, I se- lected in different parts of the forest what I regarded as good specimen trees grown on different soils, situa- tions, &c., of which the following are examples in tabulated form, and from which deductions may at pleasure be made : — s 1 u. Height of Tree. ^ (1 i -1 ^ s Is (2 Scots Fir . 7 Ft. In. 4 5 In. 1 In ;Lb. rz. SK =J^| 2 8 Lb. Z7.. ■!4 Lb. 3K » 10 15 10 ■=;s 7'/^ 38 8 2S« 67 „ lO ■1 ■! I'-l 1 6?i^ 23 0 27 50 ,. 19 23 0 j.6 (2 i|26 0 99 225 „ 20 ■5 i'A\'.i is , M 12 ■4 2S;; .. a6 20 iS;!2j,; 6J« 8') •( 89'. ■7S« ,■ 36 27 5 30 rjk- ?-.'4 0 'tH 395' -• Larch . . i8 7 3' 0 4 4 27 iq 238 0 3ji| iH 1 8 9'H A' 33c;' ■ „ 10 16 0 t3jii 6 j 25 0 20_'^ 49M „ 10 13 6 14 6 ' 23 0 18 4' „ 19 27 0 (O ID 91 0 25 116 „ 7 6 2 i'A 'o . 1 1 3 12 51,1 ■' S 4 6V, 4 15K I loK tioH 3jt It may be observed that in very young trees the stem is heavier than the branches, and by degrees to a certain age the branches bulk more and weigh heavier than the stem does ; again the scale turns in favour of the trunk, and continues to gain and increase to the end of life. Not having actually weighed the branches of any full grown and matured Pine or Fir timber trees, the nearest I can indicate in regard to them is the result of what took place in connection with fifty extensive wood sales on different parts of the estate. In Scots Pine plantations of thirty-five to forty-five years' growth, the average results were 1'; ton or cartloads of branches to every ton or cartload of wood, which includes tops and a few inferior growths. With regard to full-grown limber trees of eighty to a hundred years' growth the results were about 10 cwt. of branches to every ton or cartload of timber ; the branches here include also the rough and worthless tops, but no trees. C, Y. Rlichie, Culleii Home, Dec. 17, 1SS4. iTo be conttitued.) BEDDING IN SMALL GARDENS. The liberal employment of hardy plants in carpet- bedding has helped in some degree to reduce the cost of propagating and preparing the necessary stocks ; but owing to the necessity for pKinting thickly, the numbers of plants more or less tender are very large in proportion to the area of the beds, and even the harily subjects must have considerable attention paid to them to ensure their being in the best possible con- dition for filling the spaces assigned them. Bui the cost does not end with the planting of the beds, for, from the time the occupants commence to make new growth till the more tender of them are destroyed by the frost, they must have frequent attention. Pro- bably the strongest argument that could be urged against the system is the large amount of labour required during the summer to keep the plants in proper trim. Not only must they be kept down to the desired height and within the allotted spaces, but the needful stopping must be done before they have grown far beyond the assigned limits which necessitates the pinching at frequent intervals. This point should be well considered by all classes of cultivators, and more especially by those who h.-ive charge of gardens in which the labour allowed is not in proportion to their area. The uniformity in the appearance of the beds must not be overlooked ; and it should be borne in mind that arrangements which produce a very pleasing impression on the mind when seen once or twice in the course of the season may, when constantly under the eye, become unpleasantly monotonous before the end of the season. With these facts before us it may he ta'ely said that carpet-bedding should not in any JANUARV 3, 1S85.I TIIF. GARDF.NERS' CHRONICLE. 17 case be out of propoition to ihe labour available for keeping the beds in order, or leaf plants occupy a position otherwise than subordinate to ihose grown for their flowers. In small gardens it is particularly desirable to limit this style of garden decoration to a few beds, as there is necessarily not room enoiigh for the production of many distinct features, and in gardens of all classes it is most important that it should be well done. " Cankn Oracle'' for 1SS5. HOW SOIL IS MADE FERTILE. The current number of the Jounia/ of the Chcnii- cil Sih/e/y contains a valuable communication from iMr. R. \Varington on the subject of nitrification, being the result of five years,' patient investigation in the laboratory of Sir J. h. Lawes at Kothamsted. We append an abstract of those portions of the paper which have a direct bearing upon the question of hariicultural chemistry. The author, in giving a brief history of what has already been done by others, says : — It is now shown for certain that the nitrifjing organism is a member of the great family of IJacteria. Deherain and Maquenne have proved that the reduction of nitrates in soils is due to the action of Bacteria ; and to Gajon and Dupetii we owe the proof that the reduction of nitrites in sewajie is accomplished by the same agency, and that this, as well as so many of the other transformations wiihin the soil, is a result of life. One substance indispensable to all life is phosphoric acid, and from numerous experiments made by Mr. Waringtoo it would appear that the presence of phosphates is an essential condition (or nitrification, and ia this fact our author affirms we have corrobora- tion of the theory which ascribes nitrification to the action of a living organism. Nitrification in soils and water is found to be strictly limited to the range of temperature to which the vital activity of low organisms is confined. The action is also dependent on the presence of plant-food suitable to organisms of low character. Ii has been established by a variety of evidence that the special organism which nitrifies ammonia exists in abun- dance in the surface soil of aU fertile land, but from examination of some subsoils taken from the experi- mental fields at Rothamsted in the autumn of 1SS3, Mr. Warington is disposed to conclude that in our clay soils the nitrifying organism is not uniformly distributed much below 9 inches from the surface. At the depths from 2 feet to 8 feet there is no trust- worthy evidence to show that clay contains a nitrifying agent. It is, however, probable that the organism may occur in the natuial channels which penetrate the subsoil at a greater depth than in the solid clay. In the case of sandy soils it is assumed that the organism will be found at a lower depth than in clay. This shows that the nitrates found io the subsoil or in sub- soil drainage waters have really been produced in the surface soil, and have passed down by diffusion, or in a descending column of water. Kvidence of the nitrifiability of Rape-cake when applied to land as manure is afiorded by the analysis of the drainage waters from the experimental Wheat field at Rothamsted. Each plot in this field has a drain-pipe 2 to 3 feet from the surface, running dawn the middle of it. Oa one plot coarsely-powdered Kape-cake is sown broadcast and ploughed in towards the end of October. Oa fifteen occasions during the last six years the winter drainage waters from the Kape-cake plot, and from two unmanured plots, have been simultaneously collected and analysed. The mean amounts of nitrogen in the drainage from the two unmanured plots were respec- tively 5 3 and 5.1 per million, while in that from the Rape-cake plot it amounted to 13 7 per million : proving clearly that vegetable substances are susceptible of nitrification, and that the amides and albuminoids of plants do not difter as to their capacity for nitrification from the same substances present in the animal body. It is, however, freely admitted by the author that in a given lime ordinary vegetable tissue will yield far less nitric acid than animal tissue, partly from the obvious reason that it contains less nitrogen, but partly also because the excess of carbonaceous matters in the vegetable tissue has also to be oxidised. The available oxygen is thus shown in the case of vegetable tissue to be largely consumed in the production of carbonic acid, whilst in the case of animal tissue a much larger pro* poiiion is dtvoted to the oxidation of nitro^^en. There can be no doubt that the extremely rapid nitrification which certain nitrogenous matters undergo in cultivated soil is laigely due to the imnienFC mass of nilrifjing organisnis with which ;his matter is brought in contact. As far as information gees at present. Mi. Watitg- lon thinks it probable thrU ammonia is, strictly speak- ing, the only nitrifiable substance, and that ammonium carbonate is the maleiial fnm which nitric acid is in all cases produced. With Ibis idea before him, he considers it safe to asseit that all nitrogenous bodies are nitrifiable which yield ammonia when attacked by the organii^ms present in fertile soils. The prejudicial influence of caustic lime on nitrifi- cation was noticed long since by IJou^singault, and Mr. Warington deduces from his txperlments that a heavy dose of lime applied to lard will probably retard, or even iuspend for a time, the process of niliification in the surface soil, but that this action will soon cease as the lime unites with cmbonic acid, and the final result will be favourable to nitiificalicn if the land were originally deficient in lime. It would further appear that nit)if)irig organisms find a difficulty in multiplying in veiy strong Eoluticns, and in a series of experiments instituted to prove the amount of nitric acid produced in diluted urine of various strengths seeded with surface soil, May 6, 1SS4, it was found that nitrification commenced in a 1 per cent, solution of urine in eleven days, in a 5 per cent, solution in twenty days, in a 10 per cent. in sixty-two days, and in a 12 per cent, in ninety days. IJut in solutions of greater concentration than this no nitrification appeared, Pkactical Inferencks. The practical conclusions fiom these important results are obvious. The experiments clearly point out why liquid manures should always be applied to plants in a state of great dilution. The effect of liming soils will also be better understood. Further, when rich stable or farmyard manure is left exposed on the surface of the land, there is undoubtedly in dry weather a considerable loss of ammonia or plant- food, as the fermented urine in the dung is in a con- dition too concentrated either for nitrification or the retention of the ammonia by the soil. A similar loss of plant-food would occur in very dry weather when sh-.ep or cattle are fed on the land. THE VICTORIA REGIA, Extraordinary success has a:tended the culture of this rare and wondtil'ul water-plant in the gardens be- longing to Abraham Dixon, Ksq , this year, at Cherkley Court, Leatherhead. His magnificent plant, apart from the interest which must alwa>s belong to the Victoria as one of the wonders of the vegetable kingdoin, has other claims to our notice by reason of the circumstances connected with the importation of the seed, and their sowing, and subsequent growth, until unusual perfec- tion was attained on Mr. Dixon's own plan. It is aho supposed that the Cherkley Court variety is dis- tinct from that hitherto grown in this country, it being brighter in the ruse lint of its flowers, and more robust in its constitution. This may well be; a?, since M. D'Orbigny sent the first account of it with specimens from Corrientes on the Rio de la Plata to the Museum of Natural History in Paris in 1828, the descriptions of the different travellers who noted the plant seemed to point to the fact that there were dis- tinct varieties of it ; indeed, M. D'Orbigny in 1S35, in his J'oyages dans V Aincriquc Afi'ridionale, himself mentions one which he considered different from that previously seen by him. I!e that as it may, it may safely be asserted that Mr. Dixon's plant of the last season was one of the finest in foliage and in flower that has ever been produced in this country. The seeds were obtained from a friend on the Lago Grand?, one of those large sheets of water for which the River Amazon is remarkable, the one in question being about looo miles up that river. On [anuary 9, 1SS4, the seeds were planted directly into the soil in the heated tank, the usual method of sow- ing them in pots and afterwards transplanting them being departed from, and with advantage, for on ger- minating the plant grew with great freedom and increased rapidly in size and strength and without exhibiting that tardiness of growth which is usually the case after transplanting out of pots. On February 12 the first leaf appeared, and on May i five large leaves were developed, so rapid had been its piogresr. Since May from sixty-five to seventy leaves have been produced, many of them measuring 6 feet to 7 feet in diameter, and having the raised border to the leaf stand- ing up 6 inches or more, and thus in this particular quite eclipsing the 2-inch high raised edge which one of the travellers records of a plant which he saw grow- ing wild on the Parana. Reference to our illustration (fig. 6, p. 19) will serve to give a good idea of the marvellous strength of these leaves when in vigoious condition, as at Cherkley Court, The secret of their great buoyancy is to be found on the under-side, wheie a wonderful provision of Nature for suslainirg tl e gigantic leaves even in troubled waters is arranged ahmg the entire system of ribs and nerves. Stiong cellular structures, as in Euryale ferox, follow every nerve of the leaf, being thickest near the stalk and gradually tapering off to the edge of the blade, acting like continuous cork floats all along the rib?, the greatest sustaining power being placed exactly where most needed — near the leaf-stalk, so as the better to counteract or break the force coming from any sudden rise or fall of the water level. Indeed the whole plant, from the root to the flower, is a study of Nature's engineering. Altogether about sixty immense blooms, some of them 1 1 inches in diameter, have been produced by the plants in 1SS4, the first one having opened on May 21, and the last on December 15. On first opening they are white, but at the end of the first day the centre becomes pale pink, and after two days are com- pleted the whole of the flower changes in two hours uith an almost perceptible blush to clear rose-pink. During the whole of the lime they are open they are delightfully fragrant. These data seem to prove that whilst but few gardens can boast of the luxury of a Victoria lank in their tropical-house, and butstill fewer of those who have it can claim to have made it such a success as Mr. Dixon has done with the aid of his diligent gardener, Mr. John Page, who is a plantsman of the old school, but fertile in invention, and well up to date in practice, veiy many of our gardens have spaces devoted to, and elaborate contrivances for, some less worthy plants than the Victoria legia. The Cherkley Court plant will be grown 00 (or another year ; already it has started into new and vigorous growth ; but not content with these proofs of its vigour il. has secured its per- petuity by spontaneously produced seedlings which are now coming on well. The tank is heated by hot-water pipes to a minimum of 75'' in winter, and 80° in summer. Our illustration shows Mr. Dixon's adaptation of an old contrivance for keeping the water moving without much waste. It consists of a trough divided in the middle, with sloping sides swung on a pivot, with a dripping lap just over it. Each half of the trough is alternately presented for filling. After the tap has diipped into the end under process of filling long enough to destroy its equi- librium it tips over, and thus brings the other end under to be filled and tipped over in a like manner. The disturbance caused by the fall of the water at regular intervals seems to be of much benefit to the plant, and greatly to be preferred to a steady flow, which would not agitate the water so much. In the side tanks in the Victoria-house at Cherkley Court all the obtainable Water Lilies are well grown, and give their harvest of lovely white, crimson, yellow, and blue flowers, even yet being good in foliage, and N. dentata is still in bloom. Later on they will I'e removed from the water, and only just kept moist, like any other plant requiring rest, until the time comes round to start them anew. The Nelumbiums, as will be seen by the leaf in the hand of the youthful navigator of the \'ictoria leaf in our illustration, are very fine at Cherkley Court, where lovely white and pink varieties are grown, their beautilul flowers being succeeded by those curious capsules, like children's rattles, which contain the '* Sacred Beans" of tradition. To such a size do the leaves grow here that they are often 30 inches across, and arc borne on stalks 7 feet in height. There is a character about both leaves and flowers of Nelumbium which renders them pleasant objects wherever they may be. For the rest of the water-plants at Cherkley Court it may be said that it would be difficult to name a cultivated species which would not be found there in superb condition, even the lovely blue Pontederia (Kichornea) azurea, which is reputed to be a very risky plant in winter, being there in the most vigorous condition. As a general embellishment to the house, festoons of Allamanda, Stephanotis, Bougainvillea, and other climbing plants run along the chains round the tanks and over the roof, and having a most charming efiect. i8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 3, 1885. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK Monday, Jan. Tuesday, Jan, Wednesday, Jan. TrfURSDAY, FfitUAY. Tan. Jan, Saturday, Jan. lo. Sale of Lilies in great variety, at Stevens' Rooms. ( Sale of tlic Fallow field Orchids, at Pro- \ theroe & Morris' Rooms. iSale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. Sale ol Lilium auratum and Roses, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. . r Sale of Imported Orchids and Lilies, at \ Stevens' Rooms, ( Sale of Imponed Orchids, at Protheroe & ' \ Morns' Rooms, t First Meeting ol the Royal Botanic Society, 3-45 P.M. Sale of Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. A GLANCE through the list of the " New Plants " of the past year, although it may not reveal anything of a startling or sen- sational character, will show that some really useful acquisitions have been secured in the several departments of the garden, a fair number of which seem likely to hold their place in public estimation for some time to come. The number of new things is probably as large as ever, the collector being now, to a very great extent, aided by the hybridiser, especially amongst the choicer class of subjects, such as Orchids. We cannot in this summary note down a tithe of the actual additions made to our garden lists ; all we pro- pose to do is to point out the plants which appear to us to be the most worthy of attention amongst those which have been exhibited or figured, or have in other ways occupied a prominent position. Orchids. This group is the most numerous amongst the novelties of the year, and no doubt con- tains the greater number of choice plants. At the head of the list we should place Aiirides Sanderianum, a grand plant of the odoratum section, and remarkable for its vigorous habit, its short, broad, retusely bilobed leaves, and its long drooping racemes of large and handsome blossoms, which are coloured after the usual style, white, more or less deeply tipped and spotted with magenta-purple. The large three- lobed lip has a spur fully half an inch wide, with clear yellow dolabriform side lobes, crispy and toothed at the edge, the middle lobe also crispy and toothed, of a rich purple-magenta, and closely folded upwards between the side lobes, in which position it has the appearance of a brilliant purple crest, and comes into strong contrast with the bright yellow of the side lobes and the greenish-yellow of the tip of the spur. We are told it comes from Eastern Asia, which we may presume in this case means the Eastern Archipelago ; and it is certainly the finest Aerides of this type that has as yet appeared. We have several other Aerides to record, namely, A. Emerici, from the Andaman Islands, a neat and pretty species, with rather small flowers ; A. Robbelinii, a Philippine Islands plant, with the habit of A, quinquevul- nerum, the rosy-lipped flowers of which have the side lobes yellow ; and A. Rohanianum, another species from Eastern Asia, which has long dense spikes of rosy white-margined flowers with a yellow spur. Associated with these are ihe Saccolabiums, of which we have to record S. giganteum illustre, a very fine variety, in which the flowers are not only larger and more closely set, but the purple spotting is more defi- nite, and the lip is of a deeper richer purple than in the type. S, miniatum citrinum is also a choice and distinct plant, with lemon-coloured flowers, having a dark centre. The splendid group of Cattleyas and L:elias has been somewhat freely replenished with good things, beyond the acquisition of such admir- able subjects as C, Percivaliana, Gaskelliana, Whitei, Sanderiana, &c. Thus C. Eldorado ornata adds to all the charms of the typical form the presence of petals having a large dark purple blotch at the tip ; C. Trianae splendidis- sima is^quite a first-class form of this favourite species, the contrast between its white sepals and petals and the rich magenta-purple lip being very strong and very striking ; C, Mossia; Arnoldiana is a fine light coloured variety of that species, having the lip beautifully striate-veined with dark purple and orange, the front part sul- phur, with a few purple lines ; C, speciosissima regina is a splendid variety ol the labiata set, with rich purple broad-petalled flowers, having a dark mauve-purple lip marked with eye-likeyel- low spots, and a reddish ferruginous line be- tween the light rosy side lobes, A very fine hybrid Cattleya has to be recorded in C, triophthalma, raised between C, exoniensis and C, superba. It has the sepals and petals purplish-rose, the side-lobes of the lip whitish-yellow, purple at the end, the front lobe with a central transverse and two lateral areas of whitish-yellow, with the side angles and front margin rich purple, the three pitted areas suggesting the name. Amongst Lai-lias we must note the handsome and distinct L. elegans alba, with pure white sepals and petals, the front lobe of the lip of a carmine-magenta, and the incurved side lobes white. It is a product of St. Catherine's, Brazil, Here again we have L, Crawshayana leucoptera, a lovely plant, comparable to a small-flowered L. autumnalis, having the sepals and petals of a light rose colour, .ind the lip of a fine mauve- purple, with white side lobes, and sulphur crests on the disc, L. Amesiana is a fine hybrid novelty, raised from L, crispa, fertilised by Cattleya maxima ; in this the sepals and petals are white, the three-lobed lip of the richest magenta, continued backwards between the pale mauve side lobes, the rest of the lip being yellow. Another lovely hybrid is L. bella, a cross between L, purpurata and C, labiata, the habit being somewhat intermediate, the flowers light lilac, with the broad, wavy front lobe of the lip of a very rich purple, varied by two oblong ascending zones of a light ochraceous white at the base, and two similar spots midway, the disc purlish, broken up by pale-coloured lines. Both these hybrids are due to the efforts of Messrs. Veitch & Sons and their intelligent staff. Another gem of the season is Odontoglossum crispum Veitchianum — so named, we believe, at the request of Baron Schroder, now the fortunate owner of the plant— a superb variety, which won high honours at the Regent's Park show under the name of O, crispum mirabile which was then attached to it ; the flowers are individually large, collected into a bold raceme, the sepals ^nd petals being unusually broad, the petals deeply toothed, and the margins strongly crisped, the ground colour white, freely blotched with purple-brown, but having within the margin a zone of dilute mauve-purple, leaving the extreme edge white ; it comes from New Grenada, as also does O, Dormanianum, a species forming a connecting-link between O. crocidipterum and na'vium, and bearing dense racemes of stellate flowers with white sepals and petals marked with dark sepia-brown spots, and a lip tipped with a large brown spot, and marked with yellow (or yellow with red stripes) at the base. Amongst the figures published has occurred that of O. Edwardi, remarkable for its panicles of dark purple flowers, relieved only by bright yellow calli on the disc of the lip. Of another type are O, Wilckeanum sulphureum, and O, Vuylstekeanum, the first of which is a very fine thing, with sulphur coloured flowers, having one or two reddish-brown blotches on the lateral sepals, and a few similarly coloured spots and lines on the lip ; the second is a natural hybrid in the way of O. mulus sul- phureum, the sulphur-yellow flowers having the dorsal sepal, the petals, and the dilated lip blotched with the deepest orange, the lateral sepals being orange-coloured, except at the base. Both appear to be very fine things. Finally, of this group we have a very distinct and beautiful novelty in O. Edithje, appa- rently a hybrid crispum, in which all the central part of the sepals and petals is of a rosy tint, with an even edging of pale yellow and the usual spotting of rich brown ; the flowers come in racemes. One or two Calanthes are deserving of notice. C, porphyrea, a garden hybrid, is an exquisite , plant, the product of C, vestita rubro-oculata, S the mother, crossed with pollen of Limatodes labrosa ; its hairy peduncle bearing a zig-zag raceme of very showy flow^ers, of which the sepals and petals are of the most dazzling purple, and the three-lobed lip of a fine purple in the anterior part, yellowish at the base, with small purple spots ; it has the constricted pseudobulbs of C. vestita. It may also be men- tioned that C. sandhurstiana, a hybrid of Mr. GossE's, has reappeared with much /dat. C. Cur- tisii, from the Sunda Isles, is a welcome addition, its racemose flowers being white inside with rosy borders, and rose coloured on the outer surface, the lip yellow with a purple callus. Another species, C, proboscidea, a near ally of C, fur- cata, has white flowers which change to ochre- coloured. This also comes from the Sunda Islands, Brassia is not a very popular genus amongst the growers of these plants, and yet it contains some strikingly showy plants, in proof of which, B, Lawrenceana longissima may be cited. We have a novel species to record here in B. antherotes, which is a really handsome plant, with erect racemes of long narrow- petalled yellow flowers heavily blotched with purple-brown, the bright yellow lip marked with smaller spots of purple and having an orange coloured crest on the disc ; though narrow in their parts these flowers are very efifective, since they measure about 6 inches in their longitudi- nal diameter. Cuelogyne Dayana, in the way of C. tomentosa, is a welcome addition to its genus, its flowers, which grow in drooping racemes, being of a pale ochre-yellow, the three- lobed lip marked on the side lobes with longi- tudinal stripes, and on the middle lobe with a crescent-shaped blotch of very dark brown. It comes from Borneo, the home of some of the finer species of this genus. Oncidium Jonesia- num, from Paraguay, is a very pretty small- growing species, with terete subulate leaves, and racemes of prettily spotted flowers of a pale ochre-yellow, marked with numerous sepia-brown blotches, the lip having small bright yellow spotted auricles, and a broad subreniform bi- lobed white lamina, marked near the base with a few brilliant purple blotches. The colours and marking are very effective, and the general character of the plant distinct, so that it becomes a desirable acquisition, Phala'nopsis Reichen- bachiana is said to be a lovely plant, and one easy of recognition, partaking of the character- istics of both P. speciosa and P, Liiddemanniana. The flowers are cream-coloured, strongly marked with ocellate reddish-crimson blotches, while the lip is rose-coloured, with an orange base, woolly, as in P, tetraspis. In P. Veitchiana brachyodon we have a variety with slightly mottled leaves, and .in erect branched stem bearing white flowers, the lateral sepals, which are tinged with sulphur, have brown spots at the base on the inner upper side ; the side lobes of the lip are purple at the tip, white at the base, and the whitish-ochre front lobe is spotted with purple, its retuse apex dark purple. Like most of the Moth Orchids, it is w'ell worth growing. The Trichocentrum porphyrio is an extremely pretty bulbless plant, producing large flowers of a brownish-red, edged with yellow, the broad obcuneate emarginate lip being porphyry-red, edged with white in front, the disc bearing a sulphur-coloured blotch, and three purple lines at the back of it. Another very pretty though scarcely a showy plant, is the Zygopetalum Burkei, the flowers being of unusual colours ; they are produced in racemes, the sepals and petals greenish-yellow, heavily barred with deep chocolate-brown, the broadish lip pure white, with a ruff or collar at its base, consisting of January 3, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 19 about thirteen rosy-purple plaits ; it comes from British Guiana. To the popular genus Dendrobium a few useful additions have been made, but nothing very strikingly novel. Thus D. superbum Burkei is a fine white-flowered variety of that well-known species, the yellowish-white lip having two blush rose spots, one on each side the disc. This species, it will be remembered, is that which bears rhubarb-scented flowers, and formerly bore in gardens the name of D. macrophyllum, which really belonged to another plant. D. profusum is an elegant species with the general habit of D. superbum, only con- popular favour, as they well deserve to do, from their free habit and the beautiful colour of their blossoms. We especially allude to those of the Schlimii and Sedeni race, Cypripedium calurum, C. cardinale, and C. SchrOdenc, which have won golden opinions wherever seen in public. To these we have to add two more hybrids, C. grande, and C. Leeanum. The first is one of the most robust of the whole race, 3 feet or more in height, with great shining green leaves and branching flower stems bear- ing several large flowers in which the dorsal sepal is yellowish-green with olive-green veins ; the petals are pendulous, ribbon-like, 9 inches oval dorsal sepal is white, with a base of emerald-green, and the centre marked by a bold dotted bar of purplish-red ; the petals are deco- rated by reddish-brown longitudinal stripes, and the lip or pouch is of a shining brownish- red. Among the imported acquisitions we have a floral gem in C. Godefroya- from Cochin China, a species closely related to C. niveiim, having the same dwarf compact habit, and flowers of similar form, white, heavily blotched and striped with rich chocolate-brown. The C. Robbelinii, from the Philippine Islands, is another good thing in the way of C. philip- pinense (ktvigatmn), which has the dorsal sepal Fig. 6.— the victoria lily at cherkley court, (seb p. 17.; siderably more slender in habit, its long droop- ing stems bearing a profusion of flowers which have yellowish-green sepals purple at the base inside, purple dotted petals, and a pandurate yellow lip bearing in the centre a dark spot. It comes from the Philippines ; while D. sig- natum, from Siam, is in the way of D. Ben- soniae, the flowers white, and the large squarish lip sulphur-coloured, with a broad radiating dark brown spot on the disc. Some good varieties of D. nobile have also been flowered, as D. nobile album, D. n. Schneiderianum, and D. n. ToUianum, the records of which will be found in our pages. The hybrid Cypripedia which we referred to last year have increased immensely in long, yellowish veined with green at the base, and rosy-crimson towards the tips, and the lip prominent greenish-yellow, the incurved lobes whitish spotted with red, and the staminode pale yellow, fringed on the upper edge with blackish-red hairs. It was raised from C. Roezlii, crossed by the pollen of C. caudatum, and like the three varieties above mentioned belongs to the Selenipedium group which Mr. Bentham in the Genera Plan/arum admits to generic rank. C. Leeanum is a very different, but a very distinct and handsome plant, a cross between C. Spicerianum and C. insigne Maulei, and partaking much of the habit and character of the former, being dwarf and compact, with green leaves and large flowers, of which the flat whitish, with dark purple veins, and the lip yellowish. Finally, C. Lindleyanum, a plant described half a century ago, has at length been introduced in the living state ; " it has smooth green leaves, and panicled stems 2 feet high, the sepals and petals red-brown, with darker veins, the lip green, and the staminode yellow, covered with stifl" hairs." It comes from Guiana, and will no doubt be well appreciated when it comes to be established. Other novelties in other groups will come under review at another time. The Almanac — It is decreed by circum- stances that the Almanac shall be published with the first number of the New Year as a new year's greet- ing to our friends and subscribers. The plan is. 20 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [lASTARV 3, 18S5 howevei, not without its disadvantages. Owing to the date of publication it is impossible to insert all the fixtures for local flower-shows and other similar appointments, the precise date for which is not fixed till later on in the year. Nevertheless, in the Almanac issued with the present number, the dates of all the more important metropolitan shows are given, such as those of the Royal Horticultural and Koyal Botanic Societies ; the meetings of the Linnean Society ; of many Scottish and provincial Societies ; indeed of all that came to hand up to the end of December. The table of temperatures represents the adopted mean for every day in the year at Chiswick, and is taken from Mr. Glaisiier's elaborate reduction of the observations of upwards of forty years. Holidays and festivals are noted ; the time of sunrise and sunset at particular periods indicated, as well as the periodic phases of the moon. In short, as much information is crowded in as the small space at our disposal will allow. The International Forestry Exhibi- tion.—We are glad to hear that the Executive Com- mittee of the Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh, has now resolved to publish a report, and a selection of the prize essays on forestry subjects. It is also stated that the authorities of the India and Colonial Ofllces have agreed to the suggestion of the committee, and are to publish the general list of awards made at the Exhibition in the official Indian and Colonial Gazettes, Dr. Gilbert, F.R.S., Professor of Rural Economy in the University of Oxford, and the asso- ciate of Sir J. B. Lawes in the Rothamsted Experi- mental Work, has been offered and has accepted the post of Honorary Professor of Agricultural Chemistry at the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, ren- dered vacant by the death of the late Dr. Voelcker. The Bee and Fruit Farming Company. — This is the comprehensive title of a speculation about to be undertaken in this country. The business, which should be a profuable one if economically con- ducted, will also combine, i( the public demand and local circumstances warrant, those of dairying, market gardening, and fruit preserving. The property in- tended to be acquired is situated at Ilockenden, St. .Mary Cray, Kent, where bee farming has been lately carried on by J. Garratt, Esq. We can always wel- come any addition to our present inadequate supplies of milk and honey, and likewise the preservation of soft and other fruits for winter consumption, and wish the projected industry every success. The Liieboat Service.— Quite recently a lifeboat was established at Walton-on-the-Naze, through the generosity of the Honourable Artillery Company and of a gentleman well known to readers of the Gaj-deners^ Chronicle — Mr. Robert Warner, who presented the land on which the boat-station is erected. No long time elapsed ere the lifeboat was put to use, for on Friday last, December 26, the crew succeeded in safely landing twenty-five sailors from a (ierman ship that ran aground in a snowstorm on Christmas morning. The next time Professor Reicheneach— so felicitous in his choice of names — has to name an Orchid in compliment to Mr. Warner, this incident may furnish a hint for an appropriate name. Grand N.ational Dahlia Show.— We have received the following communication from Mr. Thomas Moore, Hon. .Secretary and Treasurer of the lirand National Dahlia Show, to be held on Sep- tember 4 and 5 next : — " The Directors of the Crystal Palace Company are preparing their programme for r885, and are desirous to know from the Dahlia growers whether they intend to hold next season a show of that flower similar to those of the last three years. Tlic Company, I am informed, are willing to continue their grant of ^50 in aid of the Prize Fund. I may stale that several of the exhibitors have expressed a hope that the show may be continued, so that it seems desirable to go forward wilh il if possible. The decision rests with the subscribers. " Most of the present subscribers, if not all, are aware that the subscriptions from tlie growers have hiiht^rto fallen sliglitly short of the sum necessary to provide the fairly liberal prizes heretofore offered, and also to cover the small but necessary expenses connected with tlie carrying out of the show. The deduction of a portion of the prize-money won by the larger prize-takers has consequently had to be made in order to balance the accounts. This is not satisfactory ; and, on consultation with Mr. C. Tluner, who has throughout taken much interest and undergone much labour in trying to raise the necessary sum, we have determined to appeal 10 the subscribers and prize-takers of the last two years in order to learn what sum each one is now willing to contribute. One gentleman has suggested that every subscriber of half-a-guinea should double his subscription ; that would be a real help. Another plan of augmenting the total sum would be to induce a larger number of individuals to contribute, when an augmcntition of the amount in each case would not be necessary. " If the response to this appeal is hearty and liberal, we shall be able to hold the show as before, to keep up tlie amount of the prizes and possibly to increase their number. If it is penurious and wanting in spirit, we must either lower the amounts in the prize-list in order to meet the means which the growers are willing to pro- vide, or cut out some of the classes or Ihe prizes ; or else we must adopt a rule that all prizes awarded sliall be subject to a fro rata deduction if the subscriptions do not provide for paving them and the expenses in full." Sending Plants to Germany.— In refer- ence to this subject Messrs. R. H. Vertegans, the Chad Valley Nurseries, state as follows :— " Every- body who sends plants abroad must know that plants of any kind (with the exception of Grape Vines) in all cases may be sent under the conditions that they be accompanied by a certificate from a magistrate in reference to Phylloxera. Only during a very short period, was it prohibited to send plants of any sort into Germany. In accordance with requests from many quarters the above regulations were adopted, so that plants of any description might be sent pro- viding the certificate is at hand." BaGSHOT and WlNDLESItAM FlOWER Show. — This meeting will take place, as usual, in Bagshot Park, on June 30 and July i, when several special prizes will be offered fur cut Roses in the open classes. Impatiens Hookeriana.— Notwithstanding the beauty of the flowers of this species, and the fact that they are generally considered the largest of any, we seldom hear of its being successfully flowered in this country. Compared with I. Sultani and I. flaccida it is evidently not very floriferous even in Ceylon, its native habitat. The two latter, and I. Sultani especially, will flower in a small state either from seed or cuttings, but the species under notice must be grown to a considerable size, and towards the end of summer subjected to a ripening process by full exposure to light, wilh merelymoisturesullicient to pre- vent flagging. The fleshy stems under this treatment will be induced to plump their flower-buds, which will flower well into winter. The blossoms are pure white with blood-red dots and lines on the two lower petals. The white spur is curved and remarkably attenuated. There is a figure of the species in the Botanical Ma^a'.ine, and well flowered species may be seen in the Eegonia-house at Kew. Seed Testinc;.— At the New York Agricul- tural Station an apparatus is used as follows : — A 12-inch square earthen seed-pan is filled with a fine sand, pressed in, and the surface properly smoothed. This seed-pan is then placed in a copper tray i inch deep. Over the seed-pan, and fitting within the tray, a copper box with a glass cover is placed.? The seeds, generally one hundred of a sort, are carefully counted and placed in parallel rows upon the surface of the sand, and left exposed to observation. Water being supplied to the tray capillary attraction keeps the sand in the seed-pan evenly moistened, while evapora- tion keeps the air within the apparatus and in con- tact with the seed thoroughly saturated. Each day the rows of seed are carefully gone over, and such seeds as are found germinated are counted as they are removed. Salvia boliviensis var. verticillata. — Several specimens of this are distributed through the greenhouse No. 4 at Kew, and ate very effective among other late flowering subjects at this season. Several species are flowering more or less, but except- ing the variety Bruanli none rival the brilliancy of colour exhibited in the flowers of the plant under notice. The corollas are of a glowing scarlet, and the size of the flower is materially augmented by the breadth of the middle segment of the lower lip, The type is figured in the Flore des Strres, t. 1148, and in At Botanical Maga-.ine, i. 5947, under the name of S. erubescens. The present plant seems to be more robust than that figured, and the inflorescence of the leading axis is less inclined to branch, which, how. ever, may be m.erely the re ult of cultivation. A.\iATEUR Market Gardeners. — .\ " Nurseryman " writes to us in the following terms. From his point of view the matter is one of very great importance : — '■ In the discussion on gardeners and salesmen a point has been raised which is to myself and some hundreds of oilier readers of the Cintcners' Chronicle of greater interest than the original question at issue, viz., the fact that the market gardener, and latterly the nurseryman, has not only to contend against bad seasons, tithes, ordinary and extraordinary, rates and taxes. &c., but also against competition from the m,-ijority of large gardens all over the country. Being an advocate for Free Trade, I have not a word to say against the level of trade being raisrd by an influx of aristocratic members, but 1 would point out that the present state of Free Trade is not F.iir Trade. If the rates and taxes of the amateur and profes- sional market gardener or nurseryman be compared, it will be seen that the latter are handicapped in the pro- portion of ten to one. The time has passed when the matter was glibly explained as the mere disposal of a little|surplus stock, as every one conversant with the matter could name dozens of establishments in his own neigh- bourhood which are now managed solely for profit, a°id where the gardener's position depends on his ability to show a balance, as much as that of any head ol a de- partment in a business. This being the case the in- justice of the present unequal distribution of the burden of taxation does not need a lengthy dissertation, the kernel of the matter is how the inequality is to be levelled. If anything is to be done an association must be formed of those most interested all over the country ; mere local agitation will not be of any avail, as not only has ilie ordinary vis inertio to be contended with, but the fact that all local assessment committees, &c., are too much under home influence to be easily stirred. The time « ill come when the question cannot be shelved, and ihe sooner the better. Grapes, Cucumbers, &c,, are now during most of the season sold under cost price, cut flowers arriving at the same state, and plants. Orchids, &c., are following rapidly. Xuncryuiaii." Canterbury Rose Show, 1SS5.— We are informed by Ihe Honorary Secretary of the above- named Society that this show is arranged for June 27, instead of July 27, as was stated in our issue for December 27. The Cambridge Botanic Garden.- The Botanic Garden Syndicate have recommended the increase of the stipend of the Curator of the Botanic Garden from ^150 to ^200. The Syndicate have watched with interest the zeal and skill with which Mr. Lynch has applied himself to ihe conduct and development of the garden. The iinprovement during his curatorship has been very considerable— in fact remarkable ; and the reputation of the garden among botanists and horticulturists, both at home and abroad, has risen so much that it is now considered to hold a place in England second only to the Royal Gardens at Kew. Sir Joseph Hooker h.is said that the; garden, under Mr. Lnncii's able management, is rapidly rising to eminence as one of the very best in Europe. The .Syndicate express their strong approval of the assistance which Mr. LvNcii's intelligent ap- preciation of the requirements of botanical teaching has enabled him to render to the University. S< lENCE Training at C'ami;ridge.— The Senate has sanctioned the recommendation that '.'7C0 be expended on the purchase of microscopes for the biological classes, on which sum interest at 4 per cent, is to be paid, a small terminal charge being made to the students for the use ol the microscopes. Gardening Appointments. — Mr. A. Brooks, late Foreman to Mr. L. Jknks, Bramble- tyre, his been appointed Head Gardener to W. S. SiIOOiiRIDGE, Esq., Albury Hall, Herts. — ,Mr. w! Holmes, late Gardener at Cromwell Range, F.allow field, as Gardener to Chaulfs Mosei.kv, Eo;n /. O87, '•••ol. .v.vii.) Altuougii it is very desirable to have Orchid- houses, those who have not such structures are by no means precluded from the enjoyment of growing; Orchids. Many may be grown with great success in a warm greenhouse with other plants, others in an ordinary intermediate-house or stove. Orchids are for the most part only beautiful when in llower, so that many persons care nothing for them at other times. In a greenhouse or stove their want of foliage is not observed and their blossoms nevet look so well as when surrounded by other plants. Success, however, under these conditions can only be attained by attention to details and the judicious selection of the proper plants. For purposes of cultivation Orchids may be well grouped in the following classes : — i. Alpine Orchids ; 2. Cape Orchids; 3. Bra/.ilian Orchids; 4. Insulai Orchids ; 5. Tropical Indian ( 'rchids ; 6. Tem- perate Orchids. I, Alpine Orchids. These plants come from the mountain ranges ill the tropics ; they are usually called " cool Orchids," and include in their number some ol the loveliest plants in the world. The tempera- ture necessary for their health is not a high one, indeed they will only flourish under cool treatment, but cool treatment may be carried too far, I believe, with plenty of sun and air, there is little need for fire- heat except during severe frosts ; but in the neigh- bourhood of London, with dark, murky weather, fire- heat is, I find, very necessary in winter. These plants do not rest, but need to be kept growing constantly, with but a slight check when their year's growth is complete, to ripen the bulbs and encourage the formation of tlowers. This is produced by giving less water for a few weeks, but they must never become dry or shrivelled. The Masdevallias have no bulbs, and therefore need water in abundance throughout the year. The following are well-known examples ; — Odontoglossums, many Oncidiuras, and Masde- vallias. 2 Cai'e Orchids. These are chiefly of little interest, except to botanists, with the exception of the remarkable Disas. They are terrestrial Orchids, that is, they grow in peat and sand. The distinction of terres- trial and epiphyte Orchids is not easily drawn. Most of the tropical species grow upon dead trees and branches, such are spoken ot as epiphytes ; others grow on the ground, or in sphagnum beds, and are called terrestrial, but as epiphytes often flourish on hollow stems, thrusting their roots into the vegetable mould which accumulates in them, the distinction is frequently of little value to the cultivator. Many Cypripediums, which are naturally epiphytes, succeed in cultivation as terrestrial Orchids, planted in peal and sand. I shall hereafter give rules drawn from the structure of the roots which I have found very useful. The Disa succeeds with Cape Heaths, and needs the same treatment. It is useless, I believe, to attempt its cultivation under other conditions. 3. Brazilian Orchids. These are the Cattleyas, Lcelias, Miltonias, Vesca- toreas, &c., and are equally if not more magnificent than the Dendrobiums. They need both heat and moisture in the growing season and a mild equal temperature daring the dull months of winter. Pro- perly treated ihey are easy to grow. These plants are nuikcd by some as "cool Orchids ;" nothing is 26 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 3, 1S85. more fallacious, they must have plenty of heat during their growth, and an atmosphere loaded with mois- ture. It is true they will live and grow with "cool treatment," but to expect these plants to produce flowers under such treatment is, I believe, futile. Cattleya Mossis is a good plant for the amateur to try his hand on, as it is cheap, and a splendid result may be attained. I should recommend the following treatment to any'one with a warm greenhouse. If a small "stove "can be utilised, so much the better. When the other plants are turned out put a few Cattleyas into the house and keep up a minimum temperature of 60°, and a maximum of So°. Keep the paths and benches well watered, syringe the plants once or twice a day. Keep them growing until the house is wanted for the ordinary greenhouse plants. They will by that time have made line bulbs, and will need rest. During the winter they will require a moderate supply of air, a temperature not under 45° or over 55°, and very little water. Such plants would undoubtedly flower in the spring as soon as the average temperature of the house rises to 60° or 65°. This should not be delayed beyond April, or the growing season will be shortened. They would flower earlier by one or two months under the same conditions as Pelargoniums. If a small stove could be utilised for them during the growing season they would be a magnificent addition to a conservatory. When in flower they may be kept at 50° or 55°, and will remain in splendid condition for a month or six weeks. Most of the Brazilian Orchids will flower under such treatment. 4. Insular Orchids. Those from Moulmein and the Philippines come under this category. Such are the beautiful Moth Orchids and many Cypripediums. They need a con- stant temperature of from 60° to 65° or 70°, and 80° or 90° in sunny weather ; and cannot stand the direct rays of the sun and need an abundance of moisture in the air. I find salt strewn on the floor under the pipes very conducive to the health of such plants. They are exceedingly easy to grow if not kept too hot, but must never get cold. One cold night, say under 40°, would be fatal to most of the Moth Orchids. 5. Indian Orchids. The majority of the Dendrobes come under this head. The key to their growth is found in the impressive words of Lord Macaulay :— " In Cal- cutta we are boiled for four months, baked for four months, and have the remainder of the year to get over it as we can." It is possible to imitate these conditions artificially in the following manner. From the middle of March to the end of June you need a great command of fire-heat, and the house must be kept in a steam at a temperature of 75° to 80° or higher on bright sunny days. Do not let it go above 100° if you can help it, and give air when above 80°. During July and August you must bake your plants in the sun out-of-doors, and carry this treatment on until September is as far advanced as possible. I used to put my Dendrobes on the top of the furnace all last September when the sun was out. The stones on which they stood were quite warm to the hand from the fire beneath. During the baking they need just enough water to keep them from shrivelling. They must not be left out at night or in the rain. During the remainder of the year they need a genial warmth of 60° to 70°, and very little water until the flower-buds begin to form. They need a moist atmosphere at this time, but not one loaded with water. With such treatment I can confidently predict great success. 6. Temperate Orchids. I include under this head terrestrial Orchids from Europe and North America. There are also numerous glorious species in Australia, but they are little culti- vated, as they are especially difficult to manage. I do not pretend to any special knowledge of their culture, but it is undoubtedly very difficult. The plants seem to die off in a year or two at most, and I believe that any one who could discover the proper treatment needful for success would if so disposed soon make a considerable fortune. B, T, L, {To he continued.'^ SOURCES OF TIMBER SUPPLY. At a meeting of the Society of Arts, in their rooms, John Street, Adelphi, on December 17, 1S84, a paper on " Present and Prospective Sources of the Timber Supplies of Great Britain," was read by Mr. P. L. Simmonds. Sir Charles Tupper, C.B., High Commissioner for Canada, took the chair. In view of the diminishing sup- ply of timber from nearly every foreign country, extended official inquiries, the lecturer said, were set on foot by the Colonial and Foreign Offices some six years ago, to ascertain how far we could depend upon our own possessions to supply our undoubted deficiencies at home. The information thus obtained, although useful to a certain degree, was very incom- plete. The committee of the Edinburgh Forestry Exhibition invited essays on this subject, and the present paper was one of those rewarded. The im- mense importance of the extraneous supply of wood to this country was proved by the magnitude of our imports as shown in the Board of Trade returns for the last two years. These exceeded ^fiS.ooOjOoo in value, to say nothing of our home supply of wood, and other forest products, brought the total value to over ^31,500,000. In 1883, out 016,647,211 loads imported, only a little over 1,529,000 loads came from India and our colonies. Accord- ing to the latest ofiicial returns the areas under woods and forests in the principal countries of Europe amounted to 726,829,119 acres. The great import- ance of North America for the future timber supply of the world might be deduced from the fact that Canada possessed almost 1,000,000,000 acres of timber lands, and the United States nearly as much. But the United States, judging by the declared value of her exports of timber, could not be looked upon for any continuous supply, the shipments for some few years past having become almost stationary at a little over ^3,000,000 sterling in value. British India and the other parts of Asia, however, furnished useful supplies of wood, and would contribute more as the forests were more easily reached by rivers and roads. The South American forests had as yet fur- nished but little timber to Europe, except small sup- plies from Mexico, Central America, and British Guiana. The magnificent forests of Brazil, with their large varieties of wood, had yet to be drawn upon, but at present were for the most inaccessible to the wants of commerce. Having referred to some of the more valuable woods of India and Australasia, calling attention especially to the little appreciated quali- ties of many kinds of timber growing in New South Wales, in Queensland, in Western Aus- tralia, and in New Zealand, he described some of the many beautiful varieties of woods suitable for furniture to be obtained in Jamaica and other dependencies of England, and remarked that the raw material at the disposal of joiners and cabinet makers was practically unlimited. All that was required was a little boldness and originality in seeking out and utilising new woods. In conclusion, he observed that it behoved all timber producing countries to husband their resources, and by judicious forestry regulations to prepare increased supplies for the future demands of the world. In the discussion which followed, Mr. Simpson showed specimens of Jarrah wood from Western Australia, which had been exposed to bush fires, and for many years to weather- ing and the attacks of insects in the ground and in water without suffering any injury. Mr. Cornish, confirming what had been said of the wonderful dura- bility of Jarrah, mentioned that it was proposed to provide this wood for piles throughout the Suex Canal in order to prove its value for such purposes. Sir Charles Tupper, speaking of the vast resources of Canada in the forests to be found between Nova Scotia and British Columbia, said that, although they had not woods so enduring as Jarrah or as Teak, they had a great variety of woods valuable for other pur- poses. It was satisfactory to find that all the woods and timber we required could be procured from different parts of the British Empire. STATE OF THE WEATHER A T BLA CKHEA TH, LONDON, F 3R THE Week ending Wednesday, December 24, 1884. Hygrome- trical De- > < Barometer. Temperature of THE Air. ductions from Glaisher's Tables 6th Edition. Wind. Q J < £ z 0 £ 0 ■ it! 1 1 ^ . 2 ho sea 0.0 5 ^1 Z 1 Dec In. la . e J . ! Tn 18 =9- 59 -0.33 49.030.0 19.040.8'.)- 0.635.8' 83{ S^S^E^: 0.30 19 1 29.31 -0.53 45537.0 8.541.8-^1.8349' 78 ! WNW 0.00 30 29,08 — a76 45 5 37.0 8.54..0 + ..3;34.J 77{ ^v-^^V^ 0.24 21 29.88 t 0.03 41 237.0 4.238.4-0.934.2, 86{jJ;,iy 0.00 23 30.04 +-0.3O 4».S34S 8.038.6- a233.4: 82{ g;N 1; O.DO 23 29.S9 +o.04 39.o'3s.o 4.0|36.7- 1.731.9! 83{ E^.-^ 0.03 24 29.94 +0.0838.534.0 1 4-5 36.7 - i.S3a-e Ss ' N. 0.00 Mean 29.63 -o.i7|43.0 34.9 8.139.1 - ai'33.9 82 variable 0.46 Dec. j8.— Ram at times during the day. dark dull night. — 19.— Very fine day, overcast at night. — 20.— Heavy rain in early morning and nearly all day • strong wind at night. ' — 21.- Fine day and night. — 22.— Fine clear morning, dull afternoon and night. — 23.— Dull day and night, slight rain in evening. — 24,— Dull cold day. PoTATOs IN New York State.— It is calcu- lated in the Census report that in 1880 33,644,807 bushels were raised from 343,536 acres. Apples. — The quantity of Apples imported nto this country from various countries in 1882 amounted to 2,386,805 bushels, valued at /7S3,9o6. In 18S3 the quantity was 2,251,925 bushels, the value being stated in the Agricultural Returns for 1884 as .£553,488. Summary oij Temperature, Rainfall, and Duration of Bright Sunshine in the United Kingdom, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, for the week ending Monday, December 22, 1S84 ; issued by the Meteorological Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :— The weather has been cloudy or dull generally, with somewhat frequent falls of rain, hail, or sleet. Thunderstorms occurred in some parts of central England on the i8th or 19th, and in many other places lightning was observed. The leiiipcraliirc has been considerably lower than of late in all districts, In " England, N.E.," " Eng. land, E.," "England, S.," and the "Channel Islands " it has been about equal to the mean for the season, but in all other districts it has varied from 1° to 3° below. The maxima, which were registered at most stations on the i8th, ranged from 53° in "Ireland, S.," and the "Channel Islands " to 44° in " Scotland, E.," and 43° in " Scotland, N." The minima, which were recorded on various dates, ranged from 23° in " Ireland, N.," to 32° in " Eng- land, N.W.," and 36° in the " Channel Islands." The rainfall has been rather less than the mean in " Scotland, N.," and the "Channel Islands," and about equal to it in "Scotland, E.," "England, N.E.," and "Ireland, S.," but in excess over all other districts. Brii^ht Sunshine, though more prevalent than it was last week, has still been very deficient, the per- centages of the possible duration ranging from 2 in "England, N.E.," to 19 in "Scotland, W.,"and to 24 in "England, S." Depressions Ohseivcd.—T>\iimg the earlier part of this period the barometer continued highest over France, and rather large cyclonic systems moved in a north-easterly or easterly direction to the northward of Scotland. The wind was consequently fresh or strong from between south and west, and occasionally reached the force of a gale — especially in the north and west. By 8 a.m. on the 20th, however, the centre of a new and deep depression, which had advanced rapidly from the west-north-westward, lay a little to the eastward of Yarmouth, producing violent gales from the westward or north-westward over our south-western coasts and the north and west of France, and moderate or fresh gales at most of our western stations and over the greater part of England. By the following morning the depression was dis- appearing over the Gulf of Genoa, the barometer in our islands had risen with unusual rapidity, and the gales had subsided. At the close of the period a large anticyclone, which stretched east-north-eastward from Ireland to the south of Sweden, had been formed, and the wind on our south-eastern and southern coasts had shifted to the north-eastward. January 3, 1S85 ] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 27 STATS OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH^ LO^DO^\ For the Week Ending Wednesday, Dece.mber 31, 1884. Hygrome- trical De- Barometer. Temperatl-re of THE Air. ductions from Claisher's WlMD. •; Tables 6lh a Edition J g 5 S = u £ i 0 z 0 1 3 S. Sa 2 a Dew Point. Degree of Humidity. Sal. = 100 A Pec. In. 1 In. , i . • 1 • N. ; N.N.E. In. 25 2»8i — OC639.1 33.6 S.S36.. - i.9.32.7| 87 0.02 36 39.92 +00138.033.5 4.5 349 - 3.93..3 86 N.N.E. 0.00 ri 30.03 +01337.033.5 3.535.6 — a-0 33.3 54 N.E. Q.OO j8 3979 —0.1137.035.0 3.035.9- ».6'33.8' 89 E. 0.00 n 39.63 -as? 37.o|34 0 3.035.3— 3.130 3 Si E. 0.00 30 39.81 —0.0936.030.0 6.033.9— 4.428,7; 84 E O.CO 31 30.07 +ai7|40.0|37.5 "5,36.6— 0.634.2 89 E.S,K o.co Mean 3^86 —0.03 37.732, 4 1 1 1 5 3 35-3- 3.331.9 87 E. 0.02 Dec. 25.— Sleet falling at 8 a.m. Fine bright morning. Overcast at night. — 26.— Dull, cold day aLd night. — 27.— Dull, cold day and night. — 28. — Dull, co'd day and night. — 29. —Dull, cold day and night. — 30. — Dull, cold day aud night. — 31.— Dull day. Fine mooDlight night. London : Atmospheiic Pressure. — During the week ending December 27, ihe reading of the baro- meter at the level of the sea increased from 29 d^ inches at the beginning of the week to 30 22 inches by 9 A.M., decreased to 30.20 inches by 3 p.m., and increased to 30.22 inches by midnight on the 22d, decreased to 30 05 inches by midnight on the 23d, increased to 30.13 inches by 2 P.M. on the 24tb, de- creased to 29 94 inches by 3 p.m. 00 the 25th, in- creased to 30.10 inches by g A. m. on the 26th, decreased to 30.07 inches by 3 P.M. on the same day, increased to 30.24 inches by 9 a.m. on the 27th, and was 30.17 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading of the barometer for the week was 30.11 inches, being 0.39 inch lower than last week, and 0.07 inch above the average of the week. Temperature. — The highest temperature in the shade in the week was 42°.5, on the 22d ; the highest on the 27th was 37*. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 39°, The lowest temperature was 33°. 5, on the 26th and 27th; on the 2ist the lowest temperature was 37*. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 34' 4- The greatest range of temperature in one day was 8' on the 22d ; the smallest was 3°. 5 on the 27th. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 4*. 7. The mean temperatures were — on December 21, 38^.4 ; on the 22d, 38°. 6 ; on the 23d, 36'.7 ; on the 24th, 36° ; on the 2Sth, 36°.! ; on the 26th, 34°.9 ; on the 27tb, 35^6 ; and these were all below their averages by o°.9, 0°. 2, i°.7, 2°.2, i".9, 2°.9, and 2° respectively. The mean temperature of the week was 36°.6, being 3^.7 lower than last week, and i°.7 below the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 61", on the 22d. The mean of the seven read- ings was 49°.2. The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer with its bulb placed on grass was 24^.5, on the 22d. The mean of the seven readings was 26*.7. Hain. — Rain fell on three days to the amount of o 04 inch. England : Temperature. — During the week end- ing December 27 the highest temperatures were 48% at Truro, 45*. 2 at Plymouth, 43" at Leeds. The highest at Sheffield and Preston was 40°, at Wolver- hampton and Bolton 4o\2. The general mean was 4i''-9- The lowest temperatures were 25°, at Sheffield, 25*. 9 at Bolton, 27° at Leeds and Sunderland; the lowest at Blackheath was 33°. 5, at Brighton 32°, at Plymouth 3i°-5. The general mean was 29^. The greatest ranges were 20°, at Truro, 16" at Leeds, and 15" at Sheffield and Sunderland ; the smallest ranges were 9% at Blackheath, 9^.3 at Brighton, I0^5 at Bristol and Preston. The general mean was 12". 9. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was hi^he&t at Plymouth, 42°.2, at Truro 42°,!, at Leeds 40\7 ; and was lowest at Bolton, 37°, at Wolver- hampton 37."!, at Preston 37°. 9. The general mean was 39**. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was highest at Nottingham, 34'.S, at Blackheath 34°.4, at Plymouth 34°. 3 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 29^3, at Bolton 29^.7, at Sunderland 30°. 5. The general mean was 32°.4. The mean daily range was greatest at Truro, 9\7, at Plymouth 7°.9, at Wolverhampton 7*'.S ; and was least at Brighton and Blackheath, 4°. 7, at Cambridge and Nottingham 5^2. The general mean was d°,d. The mean temperature was highest at Plymouth, 38*.3, at Nottingham 37°.4, at Truro 37^.3 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 33*.2, at Bolton 33°.3, at Sunderland 34°. 4. The general mean was 35".7. Rain, — The largest falls were 0.76 inch at Hull, 0.14 inch at Truro, 0.13 inch at Sunderland; the smallest fall was o.oi inch at Sheffield and Brad- ford. No rain fell at Bristol, Wolverhampton, Liver- pool, Bolton, or Preston. The general mean fall was 0.09 inch, Scotland : Touperature. — During the week end- ing December 27, the highest temperature was 44°, at Leith ; at Dundee the highest was 40°.4. The general mean was 42". 4. The lowest temperature in the week was 20°, at Glasgow ; at Aberdeen the lowest temperature was 28\ The general mean was 24''.6. The mean temperature was highest at Leith, 35°. 2 ; and lowest at Dundee, 3t°.5. The general mean was 33°.8. Rain. — The largest fall was 0.12 inch, at Aber- deen, No rain fell at Glasgow, Edinburgh, Greenock, Leith, or Paisley. The general mean fall was 0.02 inch. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. Summary of Temperature, Rainfall, and Duration of Bright Sunshine in the United Kingdom, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, for the week ending Monday, December 29, 1SS4 ; issued by the Meteorological Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. — The iveatker has been cold and dull in all parts of the kingdom, with a good deal of mist or haze. Very little rain or snow, how- ever, has fallen, and at many of the English stations there has been none at all. The temperature has been about equal to the mean in " Scotland, N.," bnt below in all other districts ; over the "Wheat producing" districts the deficit ranged from 3° to 4*, while in most of the *' grazing " districts it varied from 5* to 7°, The maxima, which were recorded on different dates, varied from 49° in "Ireland, S.," to 41" in "England, E." Over central Ireland and the central and north-western parts of England the maxima on some days were only a few degrees above the freezing point. The minima, which were registered on the 24th in Ireland and on various dates over Great Britain, were as low as 19° in "England, N.W.," 20*^ or 21° in Ireland, 22" in the east and west of Scotland, and between 25° and 30° in most other districts, while in the "Channel Islands" the thermometer did not fall below 33\ At Killarney the minimum (20") was lower than any reading recorded since December 14, 1S82. The Rainfall has been considerably less than the mean in all districts. Bright Sunshine has again been very deficient, the percentages of the possible number of hours varying from 14 in " England, S.W.," and 11 in " Scotland, E.," to between 4 and 8 in most other places, while in " England, N.E.," the weather was quite sunless. Depressions Observed, — Beyond some large low- pressure systems far to the northward of our islands, and a smsdler disturbance which was shown over the north-east of Spain on the 28th, no depressions of importance have appeared in our neighbourhood. The high-pressure band noticed at the close of last week has been established over the central parts of the United Kingdom and the North Sea, causing easterly or north-easterly winds in the south, southerly to westerly breezes in the north, and light variable airs over the intervening districts. Answers to Correspondents. Apple : W. 6^ J. Brown. We have no knowledge of the Iruit having reached this office. Camellia Buds Falling Orr : C. IV. The young buds of the size of a marble seemed quite healthy and plump. These plants will^frequenlly shed their buds when standing near the healing apparatus, the drier air there causing it ; dryness at the root, induced by withholding water, or brought about by too much drainge ; but in your case we are more inclined to attribute the failure to flower to be an inherent defect in the variety itself or the stock on which it is grafted. D[Squalified Chrysanthemum : C. P. " Large- flowering " would include specimens of any large- flowered class, unless certain varieties were distinctly disallowed in the schedule. There was a want of clearness in the wording, hence the unpleasant occur- rence. Eucharis : IV. B. There are no indications of disease The iilaiit appears, as do many others we havt- observed, to be suffering from imsuitable cultivation — from violent checks, and equally violent means to bring it into bloom ; all indications of failing vigour being only hints to give doses of manure, when the plants really require rest and less exciting irealmerit, As a rule, the plants which grow under more natural modes of treatment suffer least, or not at all, from being grown artificially, as the life of a pot-plant really is. Names oi' Fruit: X. V, Z., Draytou. Pears: i, not recognised ; 2, quite decayed ; 3, Broom Park. Apples: 4, King of the Pippins; 5, Hanibledon Deux-ans ; 6, not recognised ; 7, Tom Putt. Names of Plants : W, J. C. Eranthemum pul- chellum. — A. R. L. Cymbidium sinense. — A^. Langford. r, Areca lutescens, Hyophorbe indica? 2, Coccoloba plalycladon ; 3, Tussilago fragrans.— H. Thorn psoTi. i, Cypripedium longifolium ; C. venuslum. RosERY, OR Kosary : Q. Whichever you please. Rosary is a more exact rendering of the Latin rosarium, but rosery is more consistent with the Eng- lish language, and also avoids confusion with the string of beads also called a rosary. The Latins also used the word "rosetum," to signify a place where Roses are grown ; so that " three courses are open to you," and each would be correct. What a happy state of things ! Unfruiti'UL Orchard ; H. Hanson. As the ground is stiff and undrained, you ought to drain it, if you can get sufficient fall for the outlet drain, at 3^ to 4 feet deep, and 27 feet asunder, letting these follow the slope of the ground. Rubble drains are better than pipes where trees are to stand, as they do not get filled with roots nearly so readily as the latter. In filling in the drains turn the grass sod, if there is any, on the rubble first. In planting new trees, plant on broad hillocks or throw the orchard into " lands," as then the surface water will run off into the furrows. Work in straw manure, burnt earth, and lightening materials gener- ally, and plough or dig in the autumn. Hollies not BEAiiiNO Berrif.s : C. Pocock. These shrubs are polygamous, frequently bearing male and female blooms on the same or on different specimens, or sometimes the flowers are hermaphrodite, so that Q% C^-^ 'Mh FiG. 8.— HOLLY BLOO-MS, MALE AND FEMALE. yours are probably all of one sex, ""most likely males. The little figures show their structural peculiarities, 4, 5, 3 being the male, r, 2, 3, neuter. 6 and 7 the female. CATALOGUES RECEIVED, Messrs. Alex. Dickson & Sons, Belfast— Vege- table and Flower Seeds. Messrs, Stuart & Mein, Kelso— Amateur's Guide and Spring Catalogue. Messrs. Daniels Bros., Norwich — Illustrated Guide for Amateurs. Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading — Amateur's Guide in Horticulture. Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons. Edinburgh— Descriptive Catalogue of Garden, Flower, and Agricultural Seeds, Roots, &c. J. C. Wheeler & Sons, Gloucester — Select Seed List, Farm Seeds, and Seed Potatos. Dickson & Robinson, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester — Select Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Dickson, Brown & Tait, 43 and 45, Corporation Street, Manchester — Garden Seeds and Cultural Guide. W. B. Smalr. Torquay, and Barton Nursery, St. Mary- church — Seeds. C. Sharpe & Co., Sleaford— Seeds, Harrison & Sons, Leicester — General List of Seeds. DrcKSONS & Co., Edinburgh— Garden Seeds. W. Leighton, 89, Union Street, Glasgow — Seeds, Implements, Requisites. Thomas Methven & Sons, Edinburgh— Garden, Flower and Agricultural Seeds. Communications Received. — D. Cleghorn. — Mr. Busk. — G. N.— D. SchestalcofiF, Ormsk, Siberia.— B., Lille.— H. G Rchb. f.. Hamburg. -T. M.-A. D.-H. G. Q,-R. W.— i B. A., Christchurch. New Zealand.— W. Brockbank.— E. J. —A. D. W.— H. E.— M D.— Lucien Linden, Ghent.— E. P . Ghent.— T. W.— P. L. S — E. Bonavia, Etawah.— E. Jen- kins.—W. Neilage.-A. Wallace. -R. D.— W. J. M.— E. S. _G. W.— J. S.— T. B.— H. Watney. 28 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 3, 1SS5. ^nquirits. " He tluit qiiCitiomth much shall learn much" — Bacon. Bothy Mf.n in Market Gardens.— T, G. Com- ■wall writes as follows :— "Will any of your readers inform me, through the columns of your paper, what is customary for the master to provide (or young men living in a bothy in a market garden ? " Drill for Garden and Farm. — Would our expe- rienced readers inform " W. H. W." which is the best drill for both farm and garden purposes? MARRIED.— On December 20, 1884, at St. Mary's. Bitton, Rev. Walter A. Moberlev, son of the Lord Bishop of Salisbury, Vicar of the Church of the Ascension, Lewisham, to Mary A., daughter of Canon EUacombe, Vicar of Bitten,. ark^ts. COVENJ GARDEN, January I. Trade again quiet. All classes of goods heavy. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— AvERAGB Wholesale Prices. s.d. s.d. Apples, J^-sieve .. 16-40 — Nova Scotia and Canadian, barrel 10 0-18 o Cobs, per 100 lb. . . 60 o- . . Grapes, per lb. . . 16-40 s.d. s.d. Lemons, per case ..12 0-18 o Pine-apples. Eng. ,1b. 20-30 — Sl Michael, each 30-70 Pears, French, doz, 16-36 Vegetables.— AvHRAGB Retail Prices. . d. s. d. Artichokes, Globe, per doz 40-60 Asparagus, English, per bundle ..12 o- .. — French, bundle30 o- . . Beans, French, lb. i o- . . Beet, per doz, . . i o- . . Cabbages, per doz. . . 16-20 Carrots, per bun. .. 06- .. Caulitlowers, Eng- lish, dozen.. .. 10-26 Celeriac, per root . . 04- . . Celery, per bundle.. 16-26 Cucumbers, each .. 10-26 Endive, English, per dozen .. ..10-,, Garlic, per lb. ..06-.. Herbs, per bunch . , 02-04 POTATOS. — Magnum Bonums, 40^. to 70J. ; Regents, 70J. to qdj. ChampioES. 455. to 6oj. per ton. Markets have a down- ward tendency. Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. Horse Radish, bun. 30-40 Lettuces, Cab., doz. 16-.. — French Cos, each 06-.. Mint, green, bunch., i 6- .. Mushrooms, p. basltt. 10-20 Onions, per bushel.. 40-.. — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Paisley, per bunch.. 04-.. Radishes, per dor. .. 10-.. Rhubarb, bundle .. 08- .. Salsify, per bund. .. 10-.. Seakale, per punnet 20-26 Small salading, per punnet . . ..04-.. Spinach, per bushel 20-.. Tomatos, per lb. ..10-16 Turnips, bun. . . 05- . . s. d. s. d. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o Arbor-vitEE (golden), per dozen .. ..6 o-iS o — (common), dozen 6 0-12 o Arum Lilies, dozen 9 o-ts o Azaleas, per dozen. .18 0-42 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o Cinerarias, per doz. . 9 0-12 o Cyclamens, per doz. 9 0-24 o Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o Dracxna termioalis. per dozen . . . . 30 0-60 o — vindis, per doz. . 12 0-24 o Epiphyllum, doz. ..18 0-24 o Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o Euonymus, various, per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o Evergreens, in var., per dozen .. ..6 0-24 o s. d. s. a. Ferns, in variety, per dozen .. ..4 0-18 o Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ,.2 0-10 o Hyacinths, per doz. 8 0-10 o — Roman, per pot 10-13 Marguerite Daisy, per dozen ., ..8 0-15 o Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Palms in variety, each .. ..2 6-21 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ., 40-60 , Poiniettia, per doz. 9 0-15 o ' Primula sinensis, per I dozen . , ..40-60 Solanums, dozen .. 9 0-12 o ' Tulips, dozen pots . . S o-io o I Ci;t Flowers.- s. Abutllon. 12 bunches 2 Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 6 Azalea, 12 sprays .. i Bouvardias, per bun, o Camellias, per doz ,. 3 Carnations, iz blms. i Chrysanth., 12 bun.12 • — large, 12 blooms i Cyclamen, 12 blooms o Epiphyllum, 12 blms. o Eucharis, per doz. . . 4 Euphorbia jacquini- flora, 12 sprays .. i Gardenias, 12 blms.. 12 Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays . . . . i Lapageria, white, xa blooms .. .,2 — red, 12 blooms . . ..I Lily-of-Val., i2sprays i Marguerites, 12 bun. 1 -Average Wholesale Prices, d. s. d. 0-40 0-90 0-16 9-10 0-20 0-24 o 6-40 3-06 4-06 o- 3 o 6- I o 0-16 0-20 0-30 0-60 Mignonette, 12 bun, 6 Narcissus, Paper- white, 12 sprays.. 2 — French, 12 bun. 9 Pelargoniums, per 12 sprays .. .. i ^ scarlet, 12 sprays o Poinsettia, 12 blooms 3 Primula, double, bun. i — sinensis, 12 bun. 4 Roses (indoor), doz. 2 — French, per doz. o Stolcesia, iz blooms 1 Tropseolum, 12 bun. 1 Tuberoses, per doz. . 2 Tulips, 12 blooms .. I Violets, 12 bim. . . i — French, bunch. . 2 — Parme, French, per bunch .. ..5 Wallflower, 12 bun.. 4 White Jasmine, per bunch . . . . o d. s. d. 0-90 6-30 0-12 o 0-20 6-09 0-90 0-16 0-60 0-60 9-16 o- .. 0-20 0-40 0-16 0-16 o- z 6 SEEDS. London : Dec. 31, 1884. — There was scarcely any business doing on to-day's seed market, the attend- ance being small ; as regards values, there is con- sequently no change to be noted. American red Clover-seed continues quite a dead letter, vi'hilst the supply of English exceeds the demand. Spring Tares are neglected. Canary and Hemp seed sell slowly on former terms. Feeding Linseed is firmer. The colder weather tends to harden prices of Blue Peas and Haricot Beans. Jo/i/i Shaiu 5f Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Afark Lane, London, B.C. Carters' GOODTHINGS ^-FOR THE . ^: garden; IMPOBTANI FACTS. It is generally admitted that the Vegetable and Floral Novelties in- troduced of late years by Messrs. Cakter possess sterling qualities to a degree that finds few competi- tojE. J. C. & Co. have only to re''er to the splendid introductions Strat- agem, Telephone, and Pride of the Market Peas, Leviathan Beans, Heartweil Cabbage, Model Cucum- ber, Dedham B avourite Tomato, &c., to confirm the statement, and it is a notable fact that Messrs. Car- ters' Novelties, unlike many others, do not fade from public favour, but are generally recognised as neces- sary in every garden, whether for Exhibition or for the table. The Champion Peas of the World CARTERS' STRATAGEM .. CARTERS' TELEPHONE .. CARTERS' PRIDE OF THE ) MARKET I Per pint. Post-free. zs. 6d. . . 3J, od. ss. cd. , . zs. 6d. Opinion of Recog nised A uthorities. The finest Peas In cultivation —A. F BARRON. The finest I have ever seen— D. T. FISH. Excellent for Exhibltion.-G. T. MILES. Stratagem Is a gem.-R. GILBERT. The bast ever sent out.- J. MARRIOTT. Broccoli— Carters' Pyramid. The perfection of Sprouting Broccoli. In sealed packets, is. 6d. and 2s. 6d.y post-free. Cabbage— Carters' Prizetaker. A distinct variety with a white heart. In sealed packets, i;., post-free. Celery— White Plume. A beautiful variegated variety. In sealed packets, is. and as. 6d., past-free. Onion— Carters' CrimsonVesuvius A desirable addition to the exhibition group. In sealed packets, i.r. 6d. and as. 6d., post-free. Tomato— King Humbert. A distinct and novel variety. In sealed packets, is. and 21., post-free. Tomato— Carters' Perfection. Awarded ist Prize Royal Horticultural Society, 1884. In seated packets, 2s. 6d., post-free. Broad Bean— Carters' Leviathan. Pods 21 inches long. Per pint, 2s. ; post-free, 2*. 6d. Runner— Carters' Holborn Master- piece. The best White Runner. Price, per pint, ss. ; post-free, as. td. Kale— Carters' New Welsh, A distinct and s\iperior variety. In sealed packets, is. 6d., post-free. ?ev^rteAJ Seedsmen by Royal Warrant to His Royal Highness the PRINCE OF WALES, 237 2381 High Holborn, London, W.C. WM, CLIBRAN & SON'S New Catalogue for Autumn, 1884, 0/ the finest Bulbs^ Roses, Fruit Trces^ Herbaceous Platits^ Stove and Greenhouse PiantSj Trees., and Shrubs. BULBS for INDOORS. HYACINTHS, choice quality, 6s, per dozen. TULIPS, the best for forcing, is. and is. 6d. per dczer, yj. to los. per I03. POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, to name, is. 6d. per dozen. SPIR/EAS. DIELYTRAS, DEUTZIAS. LILY of the VALLEY, MISCELLANEOUS BULBS in great variety, very moderate prices. See CATALOGUE. PLANTS for INDOORS. CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 6 and 7 inch pots, to bloom this season, c).f. and 125. per dozen. PRIMULAS and CINERARIAS, 6s. per dozen. CYCLAMEN. BOUVARDIAS, SOLANUMS, TREE CARNATIONS, i2j. and 18s. per dozen. ERICAS, EPACRIS, AZALEAS (Ir.dian, Ghent, or Mollis), ROSFS. in pots, for forcing, i8j. and 24J. per dozen. SOFT and HARD WOODED PLANTS, in large or small quantities, at most moderate prices. CALCEOLARIAS, HERBACEOUS, a splendid strain, richly spotted, large flowers, is. 6d. per dozen, lor. per xoo, frcm stores. Jn small pots, 3J. per dozen, aos. per 100. BULBS and PLANTS for the Garden. HYACINTHS, border, separate colours, 2.1. 6d. per dozen, 161. per 100. TULIPS, double or single, gd. ard is. per dozen, 51. and 6s. per 100. CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, is. 6./. to 2s. 6.1. per 100. NARCISSUS, in 35 of the finest and most distinct sorts, as pet CATALOGUE. ,, ordinary varieties, 3s. Cd. to 5s. per 100. WALLFLOWERS, red or yellow, SWEET WILLIAMS, CANTERBURY BELLS, SILENE COMPACTA, POLYANTHUS, PRIMROSES, in great variety of colours; ARABIS ALPINA, AUBRIETIAS. ALYS- SUM SAXA.TILE, in large good plants, is. per dozen, 7.J. per 100 ; or in small plants drawn from seed-beds, IS. per 100. DAISIES, red, white or rose, gd. per dozen, ^r. per ico. HEPATICAS, double PRIMROSES, 31. 6d. per dozen. COLLECTION of 500 SPRING FLOWERING PLANTS for 2SS. CONIFERS, fine plants for Window-boxes or Winter bedding, 41. and 6s, per dozen, 30s. to 50s. per 100. HERBACEOUS PLANTS. This is the best season to plant. 12 fine distinct kinds, 3J. ; 50, 12s. 6d. ; 100, 30s. PHLOXES, the finest English and Continental kinds, i-year old, 3s. 6d. per dozen ; 2-year old, 6s. per dozen. POTENTILLAS and PVRETHRUMS, 5s. per dozen. DELPHINIUMS and P^EONIES. Ss. per dozen. CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, 6s. per dozen. „ Crimson CLOVE, 31. per dozen. LILIES, in fine variety, 3s. and 6s. per dozen. ROSES-ROSES -ROSES -our selection of HYBRID PERPETUALS, 12 fine varieties, 6s, ; or45s. per loc TEA and NOISETTES, 12s. to i8s. per dozen. MOSS ROSES, 7S. 6d. per dozen. CLIMBING ROSES, quick growers, 6s. per dozen. For prices of purchaser's selection and LIST of sorts, includ- ing the pretty single Japan Roses, &c., see CATALOGUE. FRUIT TREES — FRUIT TREES. In all the Best Cropping Varieties. APPLES. PEARS and CHERRIES. Dwarf-trained, for walls, &c., good trees, 151., i8s. and a^t. per dozen. PEARS, Pyramid, 40s. and sos. per 100 ; good fruiting trees, 75s. and lOOS. per 100 ; Maidens, 301. per 100. APPLES, Pyramid, 40s., 50s., and 75s. per 100. CHERRIES, Dwarf-trained Morello and May Duke, isx., 18*. and 24s. per dozen, CURRANTS, Red and Black, of sorts to name, Bs , los. and I2S. per 100. RASPBERRIES, Fillbasket, 6s. per loo. STRAWBERRIES in 40 best sorts, strong runners. 3s. per 100 ; in small pots, 1 2s. 6d, per ico ; in pots for forcing, 25s. per ICO ; 500 in ten or twenty sorts for 12s. 6d. SHRUBS, Deciduous, us. and 15s. per 100, good plants. HEATHS, Hardy, of sorts to name, iss. per 100. THORNS, Double and Single, of sorts, Sundards and Pyra- mids, 50s. and 751. per los. SPIR^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps, los., 15s. and 20s. per 100. AUCUBAS, well coloured, for boxes, pots. &c., 6 to 9 inches, i6s. per ico; g to 12 inches, sos. f-er 100. THORN QUICKS, iss. to 30s. per 1000, extra well rooted. OVAL-LEAVED PRIVET, 4s. to las. per 100. FOREST TREES, in great variety, sos. to loos. per 100, CLIMBING PLANTS.many kinds, 6s.,9S. aud 12s. per doz. AMERICAN PLANTS, in beautiful variety, 6j. and gs. per dozen. WM. CLIBRAN & SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham. EIGHT .MILES FROM .V .4 .\C f/ £S TE /T. JANUARY 3. 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 29 FERRIS' Persian Food (SALAP MISREE PERSIANA). REGISTERED. " PERSIAN FOOD." Perfectly Pure. " PERSIAN FOOD." Most Nutritious and Strengthening. " PERSIAN FOOD." Easy of Digestion. "PERSIAN FOOD." Flesh-forming. "PERSIAN FOOD." Fat-forming. "PERSIAN FOOD." Bone-forming. " PERSIAN FOOD." For all Persons, Young or Old. " PERSIAN FOOD." Equal to Meat for Delicate Stomachs. " PERSIAN FOOD." Children take it with Avidity." " PERSIAN FOOD. • Everybody likes it. ''PERSIAN FOOD" IS RECOMMENDED by the MOST EMINENT MEMBERS of the MEDICAL PROFESSION. EEPORT OF J. MACPHERSON, Esq., M.A., M.D. "35, Curzon Street, Loudon, IV., yan. 17, i88o. '• Dear Sir, — I have not employed any test of the purity of the ' PERSIAN FOOD ' of which you have sent me a specimen ; but I have made a trial of it, and am much pleased with it, as stipplying a light, bland, and pleasa7it form of nutriment. — Yours faithfully, " J. MACPHERSON." OPINION OF W, B. O'SHAUGHNESSY, M.D., F.R.S., &c. " Two drachms afford a sufficient meal for an invalid. Good ' PERSIAN FOOD,' carefully prepared, is in truth one of the best articles of diet a cottvalescent can use." INDIGKSTION ABOLISHED. Those who suffer from the tortures of indigestion should not fail to try " PERSIAN FOOD." It is pleasant to the taste, thoroughly satisfying, and easy of digestion. It is, in fact, the most remarkable Food that was ever introduced. FOR CONVALESCENTS. Aged Invalids who have tried this remarkable Food have found it most health restoring and re-invigorating. It is pleasant to the taste, and has a rich aroma. A very small quantity of "PERSIAN FOOD" rapidly produces a most marvellous effect on even the most aged and infirm systems. "PERSIAN FOOD" is of the purest quality, and is the greatest boon ever offered to healthy as well as suffering humanity. Sold in Bottles, 2s., 3s. 6d., and 10s. 6d. Directions on each Bottle. To be had of all Chemists, Medicine Vendors, &c., or sent by Parcels Post on receipt of Remittance. Sole Proprietors: — FERRIS & CO.,149, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.G. 30 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.. [JAN0ARY 3, 1885. GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thripe, Green Fly, and other Blight, i to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, i^., 3;., and los. (>d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, td. and is. from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. DIRECTION LABELS, "THE BOSTON." Now being used by the principal Nurserymen and Seedsmen in the Kingdom. Samples and Price List on application to FISHER, CLARK & CO., BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE. Under tlie Patronage of tbe Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. BLAKE'S PATENT FOLDING PARCEL The above Labels are made of a White Metal, wiih raised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. The Gardener's Magazine says : — "We must give these ihe palm before all other plant labels, as the very firat in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford -on- Avon. BLACKBURN and SONS, • Russian Mat Merchants and Importers. ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MATS of every de- scription at wholesale prices for Packing, Covering, and Tying, fiom \2S. per loo. Manufacturers of SACKS and BAGS, ROPES, LINES, and TWINES. SEED BAGS all sizes SCRIM and TIFFANY, for shading and covering, in all widths ; TANNED NETTING, TARRED TWINE and TARRED YARN. RAFFIA FIBRE for tying. TOBACCO PAPER and TOBACCO CLOTH. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, and GARDEN SUNDRIES. Price List free on application. Special Quotations to large buyers, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C. SIMPLEX" POST BOX, Also Registered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes. For Sizes and Price apply to the Sole Manufacturers — BLAKE & MACKENZIE, SCHOOL LANE, LIVERPOOL. LAKE AND M A C K E N Z I E'S WATERPROOF and other LABELS, for Nursery and Greenhouse purposes; also the WILLESDEN WEATHER- PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for Shadinc Pictorial Flower and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's requisites. Address : School Lane. Liverpool. STON CLINTON STRAW MATS.— The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sizes : — 6 ft. 6 in. by 7, ft. 9 in. at 2s. ; 6 It. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in at 2J. -id. ; 6 ft. 6 in. by 7 ft. . 31. arf. Aocly to Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Tring. RU S S I A MATS. JAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every description of RUSSIA MATS for Coveiing, Tying, and Packing, at the very lowest poi^sible prices. TOBACCO PAPER, RAFFIA, BROWN PEAT, SILVER SAND, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE (Best only), and other HORTI- CULTURAL REQUISITES. Full Descriptive Piiced CATALOGUE post-free on application. 149, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E. THARPHAM, Practical RoCK BuiLDER, • and General Horticultural Decorator (for many years leading hand with Dick RadclyfTe & Co., London', 107, Church Street. Edgware Road, London, W, Estimates free. T, H. undertakes all kinds of STONE, CORK, or COMPOSITION WORK. PLUMBING, and ZINC WORK in connection with Hoiticuhural Decorations. Aquariums, Window Cases and Boxes. TILE FLOORS laid and all kinds of RUSTIC WORK made to order. Has obtained a Silver Medal, and also a Testimonial from Paris Exhibition for Horti- cultural Decorations. Orders by post punctually attended to. Conservatories Furnished by Contract. TUFFA STONE, SPAR, and CORK for sale, in stock. SPECIAL G LASS for CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c. AH sizes in stock. Price and List of Sires on application. T. & W. F A R M I L O E, Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W, ELEVEN SILVER AWARDED MEDALS JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, t/ Whston-super-marh. Manufacturer of TERRA- COTTA VaSHS. fountains, ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior qualiiy, from 1 to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn Ereen; ORCHID, FERN, SEED, and STRIKING PANS, RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-free. Book of Designs, ij. td. Basher's Garden Edging Tiles. THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great duiability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or luiCCts, take up little room, and, once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone; very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground Sireet, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ■ Kingsland Road, E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT " ACME" FRAMES F'-'^.Jl'^.SPYI^'^S, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also for FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied. (^RNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, yj for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c , from 3s. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, larders, Kuchen Ranges, Baths, ftc. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement &c. F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Meichants. See Addresses above. I SAND, Q I L V E R *-J fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton or Truckload, on Wharf in Londcn. or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samoles of Sand free by posr, FLINTS and BRECK BURRS T.r Rockeries or Fcrneiie.'^. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO. — Addresses see above. N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SON, 9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. E.C. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by rain., 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz. and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in 200-ft. and ^oo-fu cases. Oil Faint no Longer Necessary- HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH, for Preserving Ironwoik, Wood, or Stoae. (^Registered Trade Mark) This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on all outdoor woik, while it is fully Iwo-thirds cheaper. It was introduced upwards of thirty years ago by tliC Advertisers, and its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It may be applied by an ordinary labourer, reqnires no mixing or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at Windsor Castle, Kew Gardenp, and at I he seats of many hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most flattering testimonials have been received. Sold in Ca*.ks of about 30 gallons each, at u. Sd. per gallon, at the Manufactory, or 15. Zd. per galon carriage paid to any Station in the Kingdom. Unsolicited Testimonial. *" Pierce field Park, June at, 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask, to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as ihe last we hid, which 1 candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address Vaiiiish to Pieicefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re- specifiillv. Wm- CdX." CAUTION.— 'Ww.x. & Smith would particularly warn their Custoriiers against ihe various cheap Varnishes now so much advertised. H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thiriy years ; and their constantly increasing trade in it, and ihe numerous Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article. Every cask is legibly marked wiih iheir name and Registered Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine. Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field and Entrance Gates, &c . sent free on application 10 HILL AND SMITH. Brierley Hill Ironworks, SiafTordshire ; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, EC. ; and 196, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. P U R E~WOO D~C H A RCO A L ^ FOR VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES, ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES, AND CBNHRAI. HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds, THOMAS GREEN & SON (Limited), Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds, And Surrey Worlcs. Blackfriars Road, London, S.E. Horticultural Engineers to Her Majesty the Queen, CALL SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THEIR PATENT WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR HOT-WATER BOILERS, And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS ; SADDLE BOILEBS, Wiih WATERWAY BACKS, and WELDED BOILERS, which are Specially adapted for Healing Gieenhouses, Conser- vatories, Churches, Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance Halls, Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They are the neatest, cheafest. most rffective, and durable o/any extant. The Tubular ones are remarkable for their great heating power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will burn without requiring attention. Thi^ pattern Had the First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal. Awxrdedio it at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition^ South Kenun^ton, London^ onyune 3, 188 1. FRONTCLCVAriON LOHCITUD.HAL SECTIt^H The yoitrttal of Horticulture of June 9 says ;— " Heating Apparatus — A great number of boilers, valves, &c , were exhibiied by eitht crmpetitors, and considerable in- terest was minifesterl in the verdict of the judges, and much dl^cussion was brought to bear on the merits and shortcomings of the different boilers, Ihe apparatus for which the Silver Medal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the form of a letter X, but the tubes in ogee fo>m. in the crown of the boiler. Most gardeners who exam ned the boiler expressed a favourable opinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler with- out being complex, the latter condition having, no doubt, had weight with the judges." The Garden of June 11 says : — "The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs. Green & Son for their new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a modification of their original patent, the boiler being longer and not so high. It is found to be a powerful and efficient boiler, and heats a large quantity of water quickly with a small consumption of fuel.'' Descriptive Illustrated Price List may be had free on application. Estimates given for all kinds of Heating Apparatus, and Hot- water Fittings of every variety supplied on the shortesit notice. Galvanized Iron Cisterns, from 4J. to \s. 6 . . ■ ■ COOKE (M.C.) COOMBEKd ). The Hendre .. COOMBER (W), Regent's Pailc COOPER (Sir DAN., Bart.) .. CORREVON (H ). Geneva COX (J.). Redleaf Gardens CREWE (the laie Rev. H. H.).. CROSSLING (R.), St. Fagan's Castle Gardens CROUCHER (J.) .. .. DARWIN (the late CHARLES) DEAN (A.) DEAN (R.) DECAISNE (the late Prof.), Pans DE CANDOLLE (A ), Geneva. . DEH^RAIN (Proressor),Paris.. DE MARR, Boston, U.S.A. .. DOD (Rev. C. W.) DODWELL(E. S.) DOUGLAS (J.). Great Gearies, Ilfotd DOWNIE (J.), Edinburgh DRUDE (Professor), Dresden .. DUCH ARTRE (Professor). Paris DUTHIE(J. F.), Saharunpore.. DYER (BERNARD) .. DYER (Rev. T. F.) DYER (W. T. T.), F.R.S. EARLEY (W.) EICHLER (Professor), Director Imperial Bot. Garden, Berlin ELLACOMBE (Rev. H. N.) .. Coffee-leaf Disease. Orchids. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Forestry. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Garden Botany. Garden Botany. Alpine Plants. Queensland Correspondence Fruit Culture. Diseases of Plants. Foreign Correspondence. Vegetable Physiology. Australian Correspondence. Garden Botany. Foreign Correspondence. Diseases of Plants. Pomology. Practical Gardening. Bees. Garden Plants. Landscape Gardening. Vegetable Physiology. Notes from a Lancashire Plant Lore. [Garden. Garden Botany. Orchid Notes. Garden Botany. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign C^orrespondence. Practical Gardening. Garden Botany, (iarden Botany. Diseases of Plants. Practical Gardening. Fungi. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Australian Correspondence Alpine Plants. Practical Gardening. Garden Plants. Practical Gardening. Succulent Plants. Physiology of Plants. Practical Gardening. Floriculture. Garden Botany. Garden Botany, &c. Vegetable Chemistry. Foreign Orrespondence. (Jarden Plants. Florists' Flowers. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Orrespondence. Colonial Notes. Cliemical Analyses. Flower Lore. Garden Botany. Prartical Gardening. Foreign Correspondence. Garden Botany. ELWES (H. J ) ENGELMANN (the late G). St. Louis EVERSHED(H) EWBANK(Rev. H), Ryde .. EYLES(G) FELLOWESfRev. E) .. FENZl (E), Florence FISH (D. T), H.irdwicke Gardens FISHER (Rev. O.) FITCH (W. H), F.L.S. FLE M 1 NG (the late J). Cliveden Gardens FOSTER (Dr. M.). F.R.S. FROST (P.). Dropmore Gardens GIBSON(WM.) GILBERT 0- H.). F.R S. GLA1SHER(J,). F R.S GRAY (Prof. ASA). Boston GREEN(CHARLES) .. GRIEVE (P). Bury St. Edmunds GRINDON(LEO) HAN BURY (T.), Mentone .. HART (J.). Jamaica HEMSLEY (W. B.) HH.NRY(the late I. ANDERSON) HENRIQUEZ (Prof.), Coimbra HENSLOW(Rev. G.) .. HOOKER (Sir J. D.). K.CS.I. HORNER (Rev. F. D.) HOWARD(ihelateJ. E.), F.R.S. HUDSON (J.), Gunnersbury Gardens IH THURN (EVERARD), British Guiana INGRAM (W.). Belvoir Gardens JACKSON (J. R.), Kew Museum JOLY(C.). Paris JU1.IAN(RCHD.G.\F.R.I.B.A KlNGIDr.). CUlcutta .. KNIGHT (H.) KOLB (MAX), Munich KRELAGE (J. H.), Haarlem .. LANGE ( Prof), Copenhagen . . LAVALLEE (ihe late ALPH.), Paris LEES (E.). F.L.S LEICHTLIN (MAX), Baden Baden . . LINDBERG (Prof.). Helsingfors LOW N E, ( B. T.), F. R. C. S. LYNCH (R. I), Cambridge Botanic Garden MACLACHLAN (R-), F.R.S. .. MAC'IWAN (Prof.), Cape Town MANGLES(ihelateJ.H.), F.L.S. MARIES (C.) M A RT 1 N S ( Prof.). Montpellier . . MAW (G.). F.L.S MEEHAN (T), Philadelphia .. MELVILLE (D.), Dunrobin (gardens MICHIE (C. Y.), CuUen House, Banff MILES (G. T.), Wycombe Abbey Gardens MILLER (W), Combe Abbey .. MONTEIRO(Chev.), Lisbon .. MOORE (F. W), Glasnevin Bo- lanic (garden MORREN (Professor), Lie'ge . . MORRIS (D.), Jamaica . . MUDD (C), South Africa Garden Botany. Conifers. Garden Literature. Practical Gardening. Landscape Gardening. Roses. Foreign Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Roses. Illustrations. Practical Gardening. Plant Physiology. Practical Gardening. Town Gardening. Vegetable Chemistry. Meteorology'. Garden Botany. Plant Culture. PraCTical Gardening. Garden Literature. Foreign Correspondence. Colonial Notes. Garden Botany. (Jarden Plants. Foreign Correspondence. Vegetable Physiology. Garden Botany. Florists' Flowers. Cinchonas. Flower Gardening. Colonial Notes. Practical Gardening. Economic Botany. Foreign Correspondence. Garden Architecture. Colonial Notes. Practical Gardening. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. (garden Botany. Tree Lore. Garden Plants. Foreign Correspondence. Amateur Gardening. Garden Botany, Insects. Colonial Notes; Rhododendrons. Japan Plants. Foreign Correspondence. Crocus— Garden Plants. American Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Forestry. Practical Gardening. Practical (gardening. Foreign Correspondence- Practical (Jardening. Foreign Correspondence. Colonial Notes. Colonial Notes. Australian Plants. Colonial Notes. Foreign Correspondence. Orchids. Practical Gardening. Fruit Culture. Practical Gardening. Bees. Foreign Correspondence. MUELLER (Baron FERD. V.), Melbourne MURTON (H. J.). Siam NAUDIN(C.), Antibes .. NELSON (C. J), Orange Free Stale Foreign Correspondence. NESFIELD (the late MARK- HAM) Landscape Gardening. NICHOLSON (G.), Kew .. Arboretum. O'BRIEN (JAMES) .. .. Orchid Culture. O'BRIEN (T.) Propagation. OLIVER (Capt. S.) .. .. Foieign Correspondence. OLIVER (Pro'.). F.R.S Garden Botany. OLIVEIRA (f. D'). Oporto . Foreign Correspondence. OLLERHEAD (J.), Wimbledon Park Gardens Practical Gardening. ORMEROD(Miss) .. .. Insects. OUDEMANNS (Professor), Am- sterdam Foreign Correspondence. PAGET (Sir James) .. .. Diseases of Plants. PAUL(GEOKGE) .. .. Floriculture. PAUL(WM.) Floricuhure. PEAKEdhe late A. W.) .. Vegetable Chemistry. PFITZER(Prof), Heidelberg .. Orchids. PHILIPS(W.) Fungi— Plant Diseases. PLANCHON (Prof), Montpellier Foreign Correspondence. PLOWRIGHT(C. B.) .. .. Fungi— Plant Diseases. PRESTO (H.), Trinidad .. .. Colonial Notes. PYNAF.RT(E ). Ghent .. .. Foreign Correspondence. REGEL (E.), St. Petersburg .. Foreign Correspondence. REICHENBACH (Professor) . RICHES (T.), Chester .. RIVERS (F.I. Sawbridgeworth . ROBERTS (J.) ROBINSON (J. F.) .; RODIGAS, (E.), Ghent ... RUST(J.) Practical Gardening. SARGE ANT (C. W.), Boston .. American Correspondence, SAUL (M.), York .. .. .. Praaical Gardening. SCHOMBIJRGK: (Dr.). Adelaide Colonial Notes. , SCHUBELER(Pro£). Christiana Foreign Correspondence. SHEPPARD (J), Wolverston Gardens .. ".. .. Practical Gardening SIEMENS(theIateSirW.) F.R-S. Electric Light. SMITH (A.). Hyeres .. .. Foreign Correspondence SMITH (W. G.), F.L.S. .. Illu-itrations-Fungi. SORAUER (Prof.), Proskau .. Diseases of Plants. SURINGAR (Professor). Leyden Forelgr. Correspondence. SWAN (W.), Fallowfield.. SYME (G.). Jamaica THURBER(G), New York .. TIDMARSH, Graham's Town . . TOD A RO (Baron). Palermo TRIMEN(H.), Ceylon WALLIS (J. ), Keele Gardens . . WARD (H. W), Longford Castle Gardens WARINGTON (R.) WATSON (SERENO), Boston, U.S WATSON (W) Kew .. WEBSTER 0-). Gordon Castle Gardens Practical Gardening. WEBSTER(A. D) .. .. Forestry. WEIR (H.), Tunbridge Wells .. Gardening for Amateurs. WESTWOOD (Professor) .. Insects. WILDSMITH (W.), HeckSeld Gardens Practical (Sardentng. WILLIS (J. W.). Harpenden .. Chemistry. WILSON (G. F), F.R.S., .. Lilies. &c. WILSON (D.) Practical Gardening. WirTMACK(Dr.3. Berlin .. Foreign Correspondence. WOLKENSTEIN,St.Petersburg Foreign Ckjrresponde«ce. With many others. Orchid Culture. Colonial Notes. American Oirrespondence. Colonial Notes. Garden Bouny. Colonial Notes. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Vegetable Chemistry. Garden Botany. Practical Gardening. 32 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 3, 1S85. THE " LANKESTER " HOT - WATER BOILER.— A Cast-iron. Solid, Waterway End Poller. distinguished for its Durability, Efficiency.andEconomyff Fuel. Entire Waterway Back, Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Flue Dividers. We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we aie acquainted. Price of Boiler Heat of and*selof 4-in. Pipe. Fittings. 150 feet £,s »o o 300 400 500 600 700 850 1000 10 15 12 5 15 10 17 s 19 10 22 10 Long. A, 19 10. B, 23 in. C, 24 in. D, 26 in. E, 28 in. F, 32 io. G, 36 in. H, 42 in. I, 48 in. I. 5410- K. 60 in • Comprises fuil size double furnace door, ashpit door and regulator, cranked dead plate, bearing bars, fire bars, three cleaning doors, damper, &c. Says a Gardener of great experience '. — *' It is a wonderful Boiler. It IS the best for keeping in at night that I know. It burns anything." *' It will become a universal favourite." Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has been complained of. It will last out three wroitght-iron Boilers. FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES, for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe. An Independent Boiler, with furnace front, doors, fire bars and dead plaie complete, and 6feet of funnel. This is called the " LITTLE WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side wail of conservatory by any bricklayer ; the fuunel running up just outside the glas>. It can be applied almo<.t everywhere. It will keep in all night. It is worthy of its name. Price com- plete, 50 feet siie. £,^ 15 ; loofeet size. £.% 15^. If cheque is enclosed with order 5 percent. Discount may be deducted; if not, reference to Banker required. LANSESTER & SONS, HortlciUtural Heating Ensrlneers, Southampton. We send capable men to fix work in all parts of the Kingdom. Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances for Heating Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on application. RICHARDSONS r["~\^ Kingdom with Hot-water ^^-"^•<^ jK^'^^. Apparatus complete. \ 4^"~^ CATALOGUE NORTH OF ENGLAND ^\vj^ ^^\ '^"' HORTICULTURAL WORKS, ^^\^0 DARLINGTON. Numerous ItledalB. DEANE & CONJ^FRVoTfli-l'S * CO.'S GRFFNHOUSES. The prices given include KKtCTlNG C>>M PLETE, with all necessary brickwork, &c., within 15 miles of London. SPAN-ROOF CONSERVATORY. Size.... 15 ft. by 9 ft. .. 20 ft. by 12 ft. .. 25 ft. by 15 ft. Price .. £.,Q .. l^i loj. .. £,^Z, LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE. Size, ioft.by6ft., i2ft.by8ft., 15 ft. by 10 ft., 20 fL by 12 ft. Price, ^19 \os. £2^ los. £2g los. j£40. Proportionate price-> for other sizes and at any distance. Drawings and Estimates for Conservatories free. THE LOUGH P.OROUGH HOT-WATER APPARA- TUS, complete as shown, with 12 ft. of 4-in. Hot-water Pine, ^4 4J. The Simplest, Cheapest, and most Powerful Appa- ratus made. It requires i no hot-water fitter for fixing, and bums more than twelve hours without attention. Price of Apparatus for houses of any size on application, CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE. DEANE & (.^■^il). LONDON CO. BRIDGE. W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, EC. W. H. LASCELLES and CO. "will give Estimates for every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge, and send competent assistants when necessary. LAS;ELLES' new ROCKWORK material in various col(^urs. Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill Row. and 35, Poultry. Cheapside, E.G. Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and Conservatories, and Cnncrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stagts, sent pojt-free on anplication. Cucumber Prames. RH A L L I D A Y AND C O. desire to • draw special aitentian to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large strick, le^dy glazed and painted. They are made of the best mateiials. and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one Prices, delivered to any station in England : — £ s. d. 2-Ii£ht frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) pi,- f 3 lo o 3-light frame, .2 feet by 6 feet )■ r-^^e^ frL 1 5 5 o 6-Iight frame, ?4 feet by 6 feet \ '"^^^ "^^^ ( 10 00 The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for brick pits at proportionately low prices. R. HALLIDAY AND CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Middleion, Manchester. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HEATING ENGINEERS. Conseivatories, Orchid Houses, &c. Designed in appropriate style to suit any posi- tion or requirements, with curved or straight glass as required. Vjneries, Oreenhouses, &c. With all the latest improvements, best materials, ventilation without draughts, and perfect glazing. Estimates and Lists post-free. Gentlemen waited upon in any part of the kingdom. References to every county in England. Surveys made. Plans and Estimates prepared for any description of Horticultural Building. Hothouses of any design estimated for, and built of the best material and workman- ship, with strict regard to economy in price. New Catalogues post-free I2 stamps. GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, RafHa, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSOM AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Ft , London, E,C. HOETICULTURAL STRUCTUKES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COUBINO). WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES. COTTAGES. TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, «SC JAMES BOYD & SONS, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HEATING ENGINEERS, PAISLEY. LONDON OFFICE : 4S, Pall Mall, S.W. -WATER HARNESS AfFAilATUo for WARMIHli CHURCHES, SCHOOLS. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS, ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS. HOTHonSES and BniLDTWRS of EVERY OFSHRTPTTON R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS. MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, OreoDhouses, Peacli Houses, Forcing Houses. &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of growine houses, anj for practical utility, ecoDomy, and durabihty cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work, and that thr vfrv best. Conservatoriea and Winter Gardens desiened architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Bailers, erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock Flans, Estimates and Catalogiui free. Customers waited on in any part of tfu KingdofH, Our Maxim is and always has been — MODERATE OHARQES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. January 3, 1S85.] 7 HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 33 Now Eeady, Price Is., the 27th Annual Issue of THE GARDEN ORACLE, And FLORICULTURAL YEAR BOOK for 1885. Edited by SHIRLEY HIBBEKD, F.B.H.S. This issue contains all the Astronomical, Legal, Chronological, and other information proper to a Business Almanac, the ORACLE having long since acquired distinction as the best Almanac for the Desk. A CALENDAR of WORK for the Garden. DESCRIPTIONS and REFERENCES to figures of all the New Plant,*, Flowers, and Fillils. A COPIOUS FLORAL REPOSITORY of the first principles of Flori- culture. The deparimeiit of seleclioQS ii unique. Designs and Descriptions illustrative of Carpet Bedding. TABLE CALCULATIONS, Estimates, Averages, and Costs. A WORKING ALMANAC for the Year, comprising Days, Moons, Tides, Tempeiature, Wcallier, &c. THE '■GARDENERS' MAGAZINE" OFFICE, 4, AVE MARIA LANE, LONDON, E,C. SOLD BY BOOKSELLERS. STEVEN BROS. & CO., 35 and 36, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. — -'^ Manufacturers of Wrought and Cast Plain SADDLE BOILERS. Terminal-end Saddles. GOLD MEDAL BOILERS. Independent Conical Boilers. ARGOSY BOILERS, &c. Hot-water Pipes and Connections. Patent Hot-water PIPES and CONNECTIONS. Patent Expansion Joints. THE "MILTON" VALVES, &c. iVO 77?. — Steven Bros, have the largest and best stock of Hot-water Appliances in London. R. " Hand desinam donee perfecero." S. DUN (Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY), BAR No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. HOT-WATER PIPES ••• ELBOWS SYPHONS TEES - 2-inch, i.f. od. ; 3-inch, is. ^d ; 4-inch, i.f. gd. per yard. 2-inch, \s. /\d.; 3-inch, 2s. od.; 4-inch, 2s. 6d. each. 2-inch, 2.r. od. ; 3-inch, t^s. od. ; 4-inch, 45. od. each. 2-inch, 2s. od. ; 3-inch, 35. od. ; 4-inch, 45. od. each. A Discount for Cash to the Trade. HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION ERECTED and HEATED. MESSENGER & CO.S GREENHODSES are constructed so as to obtain, with tlie least obstruction to light and sun. the greatest Strength and Rigidity. The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition. Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by tlie Boyal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application. Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses, Forcing Houses, Sfc, recently erected by M. 6-" Co., for 24 stamps. MESSENG-BB & COMPANY, L Q U &H B O B Q U GH. A New Edition. Fcap. Cloth. Price -js. MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE MANAGEMENT AND ADORNMENT OF GARDENS OF EVERY SIZE. London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street. E.G. COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post Free 3id. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 34 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [January 3, 1885. THE GARDENERS^ CHRONICLE. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING. Head Lint charged at tivo. 4 Lines. ../o ^ 0 15 Lines -Co 8 6 5 ... 0 ^ 6 16 ... 0 9 0 6 ... 0 4 0 17 ... 0 9 6 7 )> ... 0 4 6 18 » .. 0 10 0 8 ... 0 S 0 19 .. 0 10 6 9 ... 0 S 6 20 .. 0 1 1 0 10 ... 0 6 0 21 .. 0 II 6 11 ... 0 6 6 22 .. 0 12 0 12 ... 0 7 0 23 .. 0 12 6 13 ... 0 7 6 24 .. 0 n 0 14 >) ... 0 8 0 25 » .. 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCa FOR KV ERV ADDITIONAL LINE. I( se across Co lumns, the lowest chaiEc ti'tiX be w. Page • Aq 0 0 Half Page .. ,. . 5 0 0 Column ■ 3 5 0 GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS. a6 words is. 6d., and 6d. for every additional inc (about 9 words) or pan of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned agaiTtst having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-o^ces, as ail Letters so addressed are opened by the autlionties ana returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5*. each insertion. A dvertisetuents /or tlu current week must reach the Office by Thursday neon. AH Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kingdom : 12 Months, j^l 3s. lOd. ; 6 Months, lis. lid. ; 3 Months. 6s, Foreign (excepting India and China) ; inchiding Postage, £1 6S. for 12 Months; India and China, £1 8S. 2d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE, W.C-. to W. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, London. W.C. X The Future Boiler for X Nurserymen and Gardeners, Healing any amount of 4-inch Pipe up to 15,000 feet. Advantages over all other in- ventions : — The greatest amount of heat from less fuel. As seen by diagrams some tubes are in the very centre of the fire and others sur- rounded by fire. This Boiler is a combination of tubes, to meet the requirements of X the times. X Price Llet on T. WOO D, RUDGEWAY HOUSE, EASTVILLE, BRISTOL. Preliminary Notice. TCLj^SHOUSES&ttEAtWGN B.W-WARftU-RST '^^A ^^__ J LmHCATfi ROAD .LONOWm^^i WEST END OFFICE will shonly be opened in BEAU- FORT STREET, CHSLSEA, owing to expiration of Lease ofSSi Highgate Road, Keotish Town, N.W, POSTAL ORDERS. TO ADVERTISERS, SUBSCRIBERS, and OTHERS, // is very important in Remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at DRURY LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the Nmnber of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a partietilar office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiatitig it. N.B.— The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER. ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.— -^^A. The warmest covering Cor Pits and Frames. Sizes: — 6ft 6 in. by 3 fc. 9 in. at 21. ; 6 li. 6 in. by 4 It. 6 in. at 21. 2d. ; 6 f L 6 in. by 7 ft. y. -ad Apply to Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Tring. ANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, lUper yard ; 4 yards wide. 1,^. per yard ; 2 yards wide,"ic5. per 100 yards ; 4 yards wide, 20J. per 100 yards. NEW TWINE NETTING, I inch mes.h, i yard wide. 2d.; 2 yards wide, ^d.; 4 yards wide. 8rf. per yard. HEXAGON GARDEN NET- TING, Seventy-six meshes to ihe square inch, 51^, per yard. RABBIT NETS. BAT-FOLDING NETS, on Bamboo poles, aor. CLAP NETS for birds. 301. complete. W. CULLINGFORD. Forest Gale, London, E. 106,000 Accidents, For which Two Million? have been paid as Compensation by the ffAlLWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE ^ Company, 64. Cornhill. Accidents of all kinds. Paid- up and Invested Funds, .£260.000; Preniium Income, ;£235,oco. Chairmam, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or West-end Office, 8. Grand Hotel Buildings, Charing Cross ; or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES. CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E. Principal— Mr. H. E. Milker. A.M. Inst. C.E. Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower. Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 p.m Prospectus and full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace. Mr. MiLNER has moved his Offices to the above address, where his professional work is now carried on. Now Ready. Part VIII. of the Third Series of WARNER'S SELECT ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS, published by ROBERT WARNER, Esq., F.L.S., F.R. H.S., with ill ustrations of A elides roseum super bum, Odontoglossum Wilckeanum, Cattleya Mossiic Mariarae, admirably executed and coloured by hand. The isi and ad series, which comprise together sevemy-nine beautifully coloured pUtes. and which are complete with the most reliable descriptions, form admirable volumes for the (able of every diawing-room. This work is by permission specially dedicated to the Queen, and to which a ist-class Cejiificaic and Prize Medal were awarded at the Calcutta Exhibition, 1883-4. Published at 25 and 27, The Crescent, Jewin Street, Cripple- gate, London, E.C. - - . . Tbe Beat PamUy Newspaper in the Norih of England. THE LEEDS TIMES. Saturday, Weekly. Price Twopence. Established, 183* The " Leeds Times " is one of the largest and most popular family new-iipapers extant. In addition to a judicious digest of-tlie local, disincr, and general news of the week, it contains some columns of care- fully selected literary matter, thus making it a welcome guest in every family circle. It circulates largely in Leeds, Bradford, Huddersfield. Dewsbury, and most of the towns and villages in the West Riding, and is thus one of the best advertising mediums in Yorkshire. Offices, 49A, Briggate, Leeds. EVUE de ^HORTICULTURE BELGE et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review).— Among the principal Contributors are: — A. AUard, E. Andre'. C. Ballet, T. Buchetet. F. Burvenich, F, Cripin, Comte de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. dc Kerchove de Deiiterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis, ). Gillon, A. M. C. Jongkiiidt Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden, I*. Moore, C. Naudin, B. Oliver, H. Ortgies. B. Pynaeri, E. Rodigas. A. Siraux, O. Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxem, H. J. Veitch, A. We^tmael, and P. Wolkenstein. This illustrated Journal appears on the ist 01 every month, in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous Engravings. Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year, lis., payable in advance. Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles. Ghent, Belgium. Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PVNAERT, »t the Chief Post-office. Ghent. Belgian. BULLETIN d'ARBOR I CULTURE, de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, wiihsuperb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burvr- NicH, F. Pavnaert, E. RoDiGAS. and H. J. van Hullk, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern mentat GbenL Post-paid, lor. per annum. H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium. Works for the Possessors of Gardens. O H HIGH CL.-VSS KITCHEN GARDENING. A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation of all Vegetables. By William Earley. Author of '" How to Grow Mushrooms," " How to Grow Asparagus." &c., &c. Crown ivQ, with Coloured Frontis ce. Price 4J. 6d. MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COM- PANION to the FLOWER GARDEN. A com- plete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth. Price yj. N GROWING ROSES OUT-OF- DOORS. By Rev. O. Fisher. Fourth Edition Price u. OW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Earley. Price 1.1. stitched. HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture, By William Earley. Price is. stitched. London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouverie Street. E.C. To Trustees, Capitalists, Auctioneers, £cc , Or young Gentlemen anxious to embark in business, WANTED, a PARTNER, with j{;2oco to ;^3co3 (to Open extensive Hi-rticu!tural Auctioneers and Sale Rooms in London) in an old-established Nursery and Florist's Business. Good Covent Garden conneciioi'. Free* hold security in houses and land if necessary. A large general in and out-door Stock. Horses. Vans, Carts, Plant. &c. Six- roomed Cottage, &c., in Nur>ery if desirable.— C. C. C. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 4 r, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a PARTNER, with Small Capital, eiiher Practical or Sleeping ; good position. — For particulars apply personally, if convenient, to W. WEALE, Carnation Garden, Cliveden Road, Taplow, Bucks. WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GARDENER.— Must be married, and understand Grapes, Mushrooms, Flowers, &c. Wages ^1 a week, house, and coa'. State age, length of character, name of l.isi . mpluyer and number of men kept, — T., Stren^am Bag, Tewkesbury. WANTED AT ONCE, a GARUtNER, understandmg Vines. Cucumbers, Stove ai d Green- house plants, Kitchen and Flower Garden. Good ih-imcter indispensable. An Under Gardener kept. — Apply, iu owa hand- writing, to Box II. Post-office. Lowestoft, WANTED, as SINGLE-HANDED GARDENER, a Man who ihoiou^hly ui de Mandi the business, with good character for scihricty and- t>unctiiality. Must not object to cow. Apply by teller only, Mating lull par- ticulars of previous employment, to J B , Kavenscjun, Ucxiey, Kent. WANTED, a SECOND GARDENER, to take charge of Plant houses. Married, no children. Must thoroughly understand Arrangement and DecOHtijoof Plants and Howers.— W. SUITON. Pains Hi I, Ci^bham, Surrey. ^ WANTED, an UNDER GARDENER for Houses and Gardens. Must h tve }iad ^ome ex;.eiience in WaterinR and Cleaning Flams. Wages i6x. per week.— Apply, staling age and Icneth of -rtvite in last situation, to Capt. MARKHAM, Moiland, Penrith^ Fropasator. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, an active man to PROPAGATE all cbsses of Plants Hatd »nd Foft-wooded Well up in Budding and Gtafiing. Wages, 95;. t'irst-class references required. — S. ] .. GanttNrr* Cftrcnic.€ Office, 41, Wel.ington Street, Strand. \V C. WANTED, PROPAGATOR and Soft- wooded PLANT GROWER— a young man, active an! with a good knowledge of his work One u.ed to Market Woik pielerred.-THOMAS BUNVARD, The Nurseries, Ashford, Kent. WANTED, a PROPAGATOR and GROWER — one who has had good experiei.ee in pro- ducing Double Primulas, Bouvardi.i, Cycli»incn, Euch-iris, Ro^es, and General Slock fur Cut Flower and Plai.t Trade. Wages 30*.. rise after six months, if suited.— Apply, by letter only,to THOS. BUTCHER, Nursery man,South Norwooi,S.K. JXKOARY 3, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 35 WANTED, a young man, as PROPAGA- TOR and GROVVbK for Market, — Send particulars to JOHN E. KNIGHT. Whhmore Rcaus Nurbches, Wol ve r ha m ptoa . WANTED, a steady MAN, well up in Grow- ing Siephanoii'*, tiictiaris. G-irdcnias, Fuchsias, Pelar- goniums, Cyclamen, MignoneUe, &c. No one need apply who cannot produce Rood tcstinioniaU.— Apply by leiier, stating wages expected, to W. BKOA'N, Florist, St. Mary's Grove Nursery, Richmond. Surrey. ANTED, One or Two YOUNG MEN in the Houses, also One used to Propagating.— R. BULLEN. W cdlands Nursery. Lewisham. S.E. ANTED, AT ONCE, for Jersey, a YOU TH about 10, Mu-t be well up in the routine of Garden Woik, especially Grape Tninning. To live in bothy. Wages 14J pt-r week ; light and vej^ci hies found. Must have good tes.t■Inoniali^— 425, Advertiicr O^cVi, Leicester. ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, THREE YOUNG MEN accustomed to Potting, Tying, and Watering, in a large establishmtrn where Cut Flower is grown for London Market. Waaes xZs. Good references required. — H. G, GardetUTi ChronicU, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London. W.C. WANTED, by a Gardener, Florist, and Seedsman, TWO LADS to Learn the Trade in all branches. Premium, £^0 with each. Every advantage of a Chriitian home.-G. P., Florist, W. H. Smith & Sous, Book- stall, West Cmydon. ANTED, a TRAVELLER, to Sell on Commission Horiiculluial Sundries. One with con- nection among Nuiservmen. &c., preferred —Apply by letter staling terms to X. Y. Z , 47, Evering Road, Stoke Newington, N. ANTED, ONE or TWO JUNIOR CLERKS —Permanent and progressive appointments to steady, persevering men.— Apply . giving age, particulars of previcais ci'gageiuenis. and salary expected, to THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Faim Nursery, Toilejiham. Lcndon. WANTED, for a Florist's Shop, a young LADY, who is a first-raie hand at Making Bouquet!-, Wreaths, Sic. — Apply, giving refeiences, and stating salary expected, to THE LIVfcRPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan) Limited, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool. WANTED, in a Fruiterer's and Greengrocer's Trade, an experienced FEMALE ASSISTANT.- E. EVANS, 4, Beauchamp I'errace, Malvern. WANT PLACES. *#* Gardeners and others seeking situations are WARNED to be careful in their dealitigs with so-called Horticultural Ag-en/s, and are CA UriONED NOT to SEND STAMPS or MONE V to any Agent unless they have good reason to know that he is a responsible man, likely to be able to fulfil his engagements. They are also specially advised not to send ORIGINAL TESTIMONIALS to Adver- tisers luho may be unknown to them, with- out a special application for the same by letter. I C HARD SMITH AND CO. beg to announce that tbey ate constantly receiving applications from Garde ers seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St J.-hn's Nurseries, Worcester. C O T C H GARDENERS. — John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edm- huTEh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH Gardeners, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging from ilso to ;t(00 per annum, and he will be pleased to supply full paiticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust- worthy and competent Gardener. B. LAIRD AND SONS (successors to the • late Firm of Doume & Laircj) can at present recom- mend with every coifidence severent and pievious employers. Boihy preferred. — J. T., The Gardens, Ashby Hall, Lincoln. TOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— *' Age 21: 6 years' experience. Good leTeieDces. — W. WOOD, The Gardens, Bladon Castle. Bunon-on-Trent. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under a tf Foreman. — Age 19; can be well recommended. — ROBERT THOMAS, Aberaman Park Gardens Aberdare. To Head Gardeners asd Markui. Cr'^^'ers. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; ^ ' ^ years' character. Can be well recommended. — GKORGE GARRATT, Brickhill Manor Gardens, Bletchly, Bucks. JOURNEYMAN; age 20.— EDMUND Williams. The Gardens, Peasmarsh Place, Sussex, will be glad to recommend a steady, energetic young man, who has served three years as an apprentice here. Bothy prefened,— Addiess as above. TOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's establish- '* ment, where he can improve in the general routine of Gardening. — Age 21 ; good character and obliging- Bothy prcferied.— J. MERISON, Park Cottage. Harrow Weald, near Stanmore, Middlesex. IMPROVER, under a good Gardener. — Age 19 — C. L., Walton Oakes, Epsom, STOCKMAN, &c.— Age 24, no incumbrance; thoroughly understands his duties, wife as Plain Cook. Good Lharacter.— S. DAVIE3, *'The Swan," Goldcrs' Green, Hcndon, W. Seed Trade. MANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN.— Age 30. married ; fourteen years' practical experience in the Wholesale and Retail Seed I rade. Fxcellent references. — J. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Ofiice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. (SHOPMAN, or TRAVELLER.— Age 25^ kJ eleven years' experience in all branches of the business. Urexcepiional references. — J. J., 7. The Groves. Chester. SHOPMAN.— Age 23 ; six and a half years' experience in seeds, plants, flowers, &c. Good references. — IBERIS, 3f, St. George Square, Ton bridge Road, Maidstone. SHOPMAN, in "a good house. — Age 25 ; first- class experience and references —H. N., Gardeners^ Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. Seed Trade. SHOPMAN.— Age 26 ; eleven years' ex- perience, qualified in all branches of the business. Un- exceptional references, — W. O., Box 68. Post-office, Chester. Seed Trade. SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 21 ; five years' experience. Highest references. — H. FOLL, 2, Goldsmith Square, Nottingham. ASSISTANT, in a Seed and Florist, or Nursery Businejs. — Age 22; knowledge of Bnokkeeo- ing. Five years' experience Gaod references.— W. STREET, The Gardens, Stoke Place. S'ough, Bucks. ■ — .,-, .. .^ GBATEFtlL-COMFOKTING. EP PS' S COCOA. BREAKFAbT. *' By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli* cation of the fine pripertics of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps has provided rur breakfast tables with a delicately flavoured beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is by the judicious use of such articles of diet th^t a constitution may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point We may escape many a fatal shait by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame," Ciznl Setvice Gazette. Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in Packets labelled thus : — JAMES £PFS & CO., Homoeopatlilc Chemists. London, England. Asthma, Consumption, Coughs Colds, and Bronchitis, rapidly cured by DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS.— Nurse Shoemith, Chilmark, Salisbury^ ivrites:^ " I don't like being without the Wafers, and only wish every other nurse, as I do, could keepa store in hand ; they would save much suffering in life, let alone the boon of having a reliable medicine in need. I could send you some particulars of cures," &c., &c. They instantly relieve and rapidly cure Asthma, Consumption, Bronchitis, Coughs, Colds, Shortness of Breath, Phlegm, Pains in the Chest, Rheumatism, and taste pleasantly. Sold at \s. ij^d. and 7S. gd. per box. OLLO WAY'S PILLS.— Nervousness and want of energy. — When first the nerves leel unstrung, ard listlessnese supplants energy, the time has come to take some such alterative as Holloway's Pills to restrain a disorder Irom developing itself into a disease. These excellent pills correct all irregularities and weaknesses. They act so kindly yet JO energetically on the functions of digestion and assimila- tion, that the whole body is revived, the blood rendered richer and purer, while ihe mufcles become firmer and stronger, and the nervfus and absorbent systems are invigorated. These pills are suitable for all classes and all ages. They have a most mar- vellous effect on persons who are out of condition ; they soon rectify whatever is in fault, restore strength to the body and confidence to the mind. 36 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 3, i8«s. ORCHIDS.— ORCHIDS. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON Offer a few choice species Each— J. d. ADA aur?n'-'-Ca, 5j. to 76 AERIOCS affiiie verum, 31. dd ^ 51., 7J fid.y to . . . . ., 10 6 ,, robeum, -js 6ti. to .. .. 15 o ,, crassiloiium, zj. 6ii., 31. 6d., 51., 7i. 6t >■ extra i.ize specimen bas- kets, 2 1 J, to .. .. 42 o , , Fieldingii ( Fox-brush), 55. , 7J. 6'^.. lof. 6(^. and ., ., 21 o „ LAWRENCI/E and SAN- DKKIANa, varieties re- cently imported, sij. to .. 42 o ,, Leeanum 50 ,, LiObbi, ji 6i/. to .. .. .. 21 o ,, znacuio&um. 3s. 6d., ss., ys.ed., los 6d., 21s., aod 3U. 6d. to 42 o „ odoratum. 51. to 10 6 „ ciiUQquevulnenim, 35. 6d, 5^.. 71. 6d., tos. td,, to .. 21 o „ virens liayanum, SJ., 7^. 61/. to . 15 o ANA:cT.)CHiLUS Lowi, ss ,7S.6d.^ ^o^.6d. to ., .. ,, 21 o ANGR.ECUA1 cltratum, 7s. 6d., los. 6d , 15s. a. id . . . . 210 „ articulaium EUisl varieties : sec GarJni^rs' Chronicle, April 29, 1882, p. 558, 5J., •js. 6dt los 6t^., 2ij. and .. 42 o ,y sesquipeaale, 21s. to .. .. 42 o „ supcrbum(eburneuin), loy. 6d. to 31 6 ANGULOA Clowesii, 5r.. 7i,6a?. to.. la 6 BR-^^SAVuLA Digbyatia, 75.6^,10 10 6 BURLING roNlA(raRrans,7f.6(^. to 10 6 „ granadensis 10 6 ,. veaU'>ta . . . . . . . . 10 6 CALANTHE vestita lutea, 31. 6d,, 5-1- and 76 ,, Veitchii, sj., 7j. 6(/. and.. .. 10 6 ,» vestKii rosea 36 CAMAROTIS purpurea ,. .. 3i o CATTLtYA Aclaodia:, s'-, 7S- 6d , 10s. 6d. to . . ,. ., 21 o „ ameihystoclossa, 7s. 6d., iot.6d 2is., 31s. 6d., 43J., 6jj. to . ,, chocoensis . . . . . . . , 10 ,, citrioa 5 ,, dolosa, 5s , 7s. 6d. to .. ,. 10 ,, Dormani (Lselia) 21 „ Dowiana, tos. da., 15s. and .. xi ,» Eldorado, 3^. 6d., 51., js. 6d.^ los. 6d. to .. . , .. 9T ,, elegans (Lalta). 31s. 6d. to It giga^ banderiana vars., 5J. to . . ,, guttata, isf. and ,, intermedia amt^thystina, 7s. 6d., 101 6d,, 2 IS. to ,, labiata VVarneri vars.,5f., 7j.6(i', los. 6d. i5f, to ,, ,, Gaskelliaua vars , is. js. 6d.f los. 6d. to , . ,, Leopoldi, JS 6d., los. 6d to .. „ L.anuni ,, . . . . 3 ,, luteo purpureum. 55, to . . . . 10 ,, mriCLilaium js. td. to .. .. 10 ,, madrense. js td. to „ nebulosum, js. td. to ,, CErstedi, 35. td , 5s. to .. ,, Pescaiorei, 3^. td., 5s , js. td. to ,. ,, extra size, 31^. td. to Very many thousands of this lovely Orchid are in stock, and in addition to sizes above quot- ed, small olants can be ciflered at £S' £7 lo*- and ;tio 10s. per 100 ,, pulchellum, Guatemala vars., 2S. td. , 3s. td, ss to .. „ BoezU, 5^ , 7S. td. to .. „ t, extra size, t^s. to ,* ,, album, JS. td. to ,, roseum, 51. to ,, Rossi, 2S td., 3s. td., 5^. to .. ,» tripndians, los. td. to .. „ triumphans, 7.r. 61/. to .. ,, Uro-bkinncri ,, vexillaiium. js. td., los. td. to „ rubellum autumn flowering var., 5s , JS td. to ONCIDIUM ampliatum majus „ cheirophorum, 5^., 7*. td. to .. „ concolor „ crispum, 5J., 71. 6(/. to .. „ cucullatum, 3f. 6d., 5s. to „ dasylyle, 51, to . . „ Forbesi, sj., 7^. td. to .. „ Kramerl, js. td., 10s. td. to . . ,1 Lanceanum, js. td. to . . »5 7 6 10 6 10 6 10 6 IS 0 7 6 7 6 10 6 Each— J, d, ONCIDIUM Marshallianum, loj. 6rf. and .. ., .. 31 o ,, obryzaium 10 6 ,, oroithopodon ., .. ,. 10 6 ,, ornithorrhynchum, 7X. 6i. and.. 10 6 ,, phymatochilum, js. td., los. td. to., 15 „ praetextum, js. td. to „ serratum . . . . . . . . 106 „ undulatum, 42£. to .. .. 63 o „ varicosumRogersii.vars., 3s. td., ss., JS td., los. td to .. 3t 6 ,, Weltoni (fuscatum. Warscewiczi), 3s td., ss., 7s. td. to. , .. 10 t PALUMBINAcanaida.SJ., 7J. W. to lo 6 PAPHINIAcristata 31 o ,1 grandis, 315. to 31 6 ., rugosa 21 o PERISTERIA elata 15 o PESCATOREA ctrina .. .. 21 o PHALjENoPSlSamabUls, 7J.6 o „ leucorrhuda i63 o „ Luddemanniana, los. 6i^. to .. 31 o ,, Manni .. .. . . ., 410 ,, rosea. 211, to 31 6 ,, Sanderiana. isx., 21^. to.. E4 o >, SchlUeriana, js. td., tos. td., 15*., 21S. to . , . . . . 42 O ,, Stuartiana, 21*. to .. 42 o ,. violacea, los. td., 15*. to .. 31 o Many thousands of Phalsenopsis are in stock, and a large numbet are about to flower for the fir^t time in this country. PHOLIDOl'A imbricata .. .. 50 PILUMNA (Trichopilia) fragrans, 3s. td.. 5*. to 10 6 „ laxa, 2s. td. to So „ nobilis, loi. 6^., ts*. to .. .. 31 6 PLEIONE birmanica, 5* to .. .. 76 „ lagenana, 3*. 6ar , 51. to. . . . 76 ,, maculata, 3*. 6^., 5;. to .. .. 76 RENANTHERA Storeyi .. .. 105 o RESTREPIA leopardina, 5*., 75. td. to.. RODRIGUEZIAplanifolia .. .. 7 SACCOLABIUM ampullaccum, 51, 7s. td. to 10 ,, bellinum . . .. .. . . 41 ,, Blumfii var. Dayi, 5* , 7s. td. lo 10 ,, cutvi^olium, 7*. 611'. to . . .. 10 ,, ,, yellow- flowered variety frcm Philippine Is'ands, 21s, to . ti giganteum, los td. to .. ,» guttatum, JS. td., I05. td.t 15*. to ,, Harnsonianum, floweis pure white, deliciousty fragrant .. ,, intermedium, 15;, to ., viohceum. au to ?CUTICAklA Hadweni SOPHRONITES gratdifiora, 5*. to ,. coccinea, 5*. to STANHOPEAS.invarieiy, \os.td.to THUNIA(Phaius)alba. 5*. to ,, Bensouix, js. td. to „ Marshall! 5 TRICHOPILIA coccinea, 2j. td., 3s. td.. 5J. to 7 ., suavis, 3*. 6(/., 5f. to .. .. 7 ,, tortilis 7 TkICHOSMA suavis 15 VANDA Batemanni. los. td., 21$. ti 44 ,, Boxalli, 7f. 6(1'., lof. 6^. to .. 15 ,, Caihcarti. 31s. td. tu .. ., 41 ,, co^rulea, 7*. td., tor. ti., 15/. to at „ c(c rule see US, tor. 6 i., 15* , sif. to 43 „ Dealsoniana, 7-r- 6 4' •5 Colleclio7is, comprising 12, 25, 50, or 100 Species and Varieties, can be supplied on very reasonable ierms. Editorial Commumcations should be addressed to " The Editor:" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London. W.C V 'yif, '' ""J-"-'*" Richards at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnbw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitelnars, City ol London, in the County ol Middlovm. and Published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, January 3, 1885. Agent for Manchester— John Hrvwood. Agenu for Scotland— MesM^s. J. Mrnzibs & Co., Kdmbuigh and Glasgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. €stal)lisijeti 1841. No. 576.— Vol. XXIII. {series.} SATURDAY, JANUARY 10, 1885. { Registered at the General Post-office as a Newspaper. I Price 5d. [POST-l'KEE, Sjl/. CONTENTS. Ab'es re1igio<;a Abutiton, double .. Ash, large weeping Banksia inteenfolia Jictatrcnl Mn^nzine, the Hrusseis Sprouts .. Calanthes at Green'ands.. ColoutS. nometclalure cf Commitlces of the Royal Horticultural Society .. Croialaria stmpeilljrens. . C>robidmm devoiuanum. . Cypripedium Gcdefroja:. . ('vrtodeirafulgida. . Date Patm. the .. > uchari« amazonica Ferns and Lj copods Flowers by post . . Flower garden, the Forestiy exhibition, the prcp,>sed . . Fruit crop in i8?.(, the .. Holt Elm .destruction of the Hopetoun House .. Kitchen garden, the Lslia anctps Lapageiia in the open air Lily bulbs imported and iheir treatment .. Manures Market gardening profit- able Mexican Silver Fir, the.. National Auricula, Carna- lion, and Picolee Socie- lies, ihe National Dahlia Sec eti , the 56 New Orleans International 54 Exhibiiion 57 New South Wales, ihe soil 54 of .. .. .. 54 Novelties, the latest 59 I Obituary to ' Orchids and other plants to at Ke>v Oichids at Pickering £9 Lodtie, Timpeiley 54 Peiigord pie, tiue and 4Q I faUe 417 Phloxes, herbaceous 55 Phylloxera laws, the 52 Plants and their cul- 51 ture 4j ' Plum, Japan new .. 5S Pilyaiithus, the .. 55 I Po;atos j Potato diseases 55 Premaiure growths 46 Rhopalas, propagation and 46 j culiure of 48 Ro)a) appointments 56 Saccolabium Blumei 30 Slugs and grubs, destiuc- tion of Scottish Horticultural As- 57 scciation .. 48 Stove plants Trees and bhruba trans- Si pUnied 36 Trees, dwarf Vanda Cathcarti . , Vegetable products, Japa- 59 ! nese I Victoria regia 58 ' Weather, ihe ILLUSTRATIONS. Abies religiose, cone of . . Japan Plum, ntw . . Pa m nursery tn the Rivieia, ; 'I'ltffle spcrts. Hue ai-d false AOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at DRURY LANE. OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, South Kensington, S.W. NOTICE ! — COMMITTEES' MEETINGS, Fruit and Floral, at ii A M. , io the Conservatory ; Scientitic at i P M., in the Library. GENERAL MEETING for the Electioa of Fellows, at 3 p.m., on TUESDAY NEXT, January 13. N.B.— Entrance, N.E. Orchard House, Exhibition Road ; and Exhibitors' Entrance west side of Roval Albert Hall, HE BATH ROSE SHOW will be held on THURSDAY, July 2. Piize Scheoules for the BATH BULB SHOW, to be held WEDNESDAY and 1 HURSDAY, Match 25 and a6, are now '""iy- BENJAMIN PEARSON, Secretary. 14. Mihom Street, Bath. '^ph: GARDENER S' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that the ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Members of this Society will be held at the Bedford Hotel, Covent Garden, on WEDNESDAY, the 14th of January next, for the purpose of receiving the REPORT of the COMMITTEE and the ACCOUNTS of the Institution fur the present year, and Electing Officers for the ensuing year ; also for the ELECTION of SIX PENSIONERS en the funds. The Chair will be taken at 4 o'Clock precisely, and the Ballot will close at 7 o'clock precisely. — By order, EDWARD R. CUTLER. Secretary. 14, Tavistock Row. Covent Garden, December 30, 1884. P.S. The Voting Papers have all been issued, and Sub- scribers not having received one are requested to make immediate application to the Secretary. HARDY GROWN FOREST TREES from the North of Scotland. A large stock of seedling and transplanted Forest Trees, S:c, cheap. Write for quota- lions and samples. W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Nurserymen, Dundee, N.B. GOOSEBERRY TREES and Carter's Prolihc RASPBERRY.— Strong 2-yr. and 3-yr. old Lan- cashire Lad amd Raspberry Canes for Sale. Apply to W. WARREN, Worton Gardens, Islewoith, W. GRAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant- ing Canes ; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST en application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey. ASPARAGUS ROOTS (Harwood's Giant). Very strong and fit for abundant produce the first season ; per 100. 75. (>d. ; extra, immense roots, per too, los, 6d. HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden. London, W.C. s AGE PLANTS, i.r. 6d. per dozen. B. BATH, Ctayfoid, Kent. Order of ERRATUM.— In Messrs. HUGH LOW & CO 's Page AHvertiseinentrf ORCHIDS in last Satur- da\'.i drtU-ufrs' C/inllicU^ (or O. Alexandta:, aij. to 21J, read 21s. to 210s. Trade List of Home-grown Seeds. CHARLES SHARPE AND CO.'S Whole- sale CATALOGUE of Seeds is now ready, and »ill be fjrwarded, post-free, on application. CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Seed Merchants and GiOAers, Sleaford. L ILIUM KRAMERI.— Good flowering Bulbs of this handsome and scarce Lily can now be supolied by the dozen or hundred. Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Kstablishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. Wholesale Seed Catalogues. HURST AND SON be^ to intimate that their New Trade CATALOGUES have been Posted to ail their Custcniers. Any whom ihey may not have reached will oblige by informing; them, and oiher copies will be at once sent. 153. Houndsditch. London, E. HESTNUT (Spanish), Larch, Hazel, Ash, Birch, Willow, Oak, and Thorn Quick. Stout, well- rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold. GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst. Hyaclnthus candlcans. BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, (ffer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 50J. per 1000. ROSES.— The finest Show and Decorative varieties, stronp, robust, hardily grown plants. Dwaifs. from f>s. per dozen, 451. per ico and upwards. Standards, from lis. per dozen, gor. per iod and upwaids. Many thousands to select fiom. JAMES DICKSON & SO^JS. '* Newlon" Nurseries, Chester. EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Orders are now being booked for the New Varieties of 1884 at \os. per doz ; Cuttings, 1883 Varieties. 4J. per doz. ; best Old Varieties, ij.eaT per doz., my selection. Post- free for P.O. CATALOGUE one stamp — R. OWEN. Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead- ENUINE SEEDS.— General CATA- LOGUE of Kitchen Garden, Flower, and Agricultural Steds, Plants, Roses, Vines. &c.. Implements, Garden Requi- sites, &c.. is now ready. Free to Customer'. LAING AND CO.. Stanstead Park, Forest Hill. S.E. Garden Flower Seeds, and Spring Bulbs. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Bulb • Gkower and Seedsman, Haarlem, Holland, begs to announce that his CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, and may be had Free on application to Messrs. F. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens, London, E.C To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c. ACATTANEO, COiMMISSION SALESMAN, • 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C, is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS in quantitie.=. Terms on application. QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M, Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C, REQUIRE a quantity of fine Muscats, for which they can offer good prices, also fine Black Grapes. Tomatos. Cucumbers, choice Flowers, &c. QU E L C H AND B A R N H A M, giving personal attention to all consignments, they are thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M. ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and CHEQUES forwarded weekly. BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES. BASKETS and LABELS supplied. W' ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, begtoinform Senders that GARDENIAS, EUCHARIS, and STEPHANOTIS are in demand. ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, have now a demand for Tuberoses, Arum Lilies, White Bouvardias, good Roses. Chrysanthemums, &c. ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of To- matos, Cucumbers, Gros Colmar, Alicante, and Muscat Grapes. ANTED, large ARECAS, SEAFOR- THIAS, KENTIAS, ASPIDISTRAS, and other ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGED PLANTS. State size and Piice. NEI.MAN AND CORNISH, Portman Floral Hall, 29, Orchard Street, Portman Square, London, W. ANTED, 300 common HOLLIES, 3 feet, not particular, bushy, cheap. jo.coo MANETTI STOCKS for Sale, 20,J. per 1000. F, BIBLE. Downby. Beckenham, Kent. ANTED, Two ORANGE TREES, 8 to lo feet high, well furnished. State price, &c. to THOMAS BURY, Arley Nurseries, Mellor, near Blackburn. WANTED, Three large, trained. Pine-apple NECTARINES. State size and price to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard, Garston, Liverpool. STOLEN.— A number of ADDRESSED COPIES of CARTERS' CATALOGUE of GARDEN SEEDS for 1885 having been STOLEN from their Warehouse, Messis. Carter & Co , respectfully ask those Customers wh 1 have not received the book to communicate to them, in order ihat a fresh copy may be posted. JAMES CARTER AND CO., Seedsmen, by Royal Wariant, to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, 237 and 238, High Holborft, London, W.C. ExDlratlon of Lease. SEVEN ACRES of NURSERY, containing a VALUABLE STOCK, continues 10 be ollercd at a nominal price. The lease cannot be renewed. See CHARLES NOBLE'S full Advertisement, CarJuiers' Chronicle. January 3 and 17. GLADIOLI.— Twenty Acres. The largest collection in Euiope. CATALOGUES free, with Cultural Directions. KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset. NOVELTIES and SPECIALITIES for 1885, in Flower and Vegetable Seeds. See BARR and SON'S Descriptive Spring CATALOGUE, just published. Free on application. BARR AND tON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. THE LIVERPOOL °HORTI CULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have 1 his season a grand stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully ripened, and are ready to start immediately into Rrowth, CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied. To Osier Growers, Basket Makers, and Nurserymen. BRADFORD AND SONS, Yeovil, Somerset, now Grow and Cut yearly 100 acres and upward-; ot OSIER BEDS, and will quote pi ices to the Trade, according to quantity required. Samples and prices of Osier " Sets " on application . ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound Bulbs, ts., 9^,, \-2.s , i8j., and 24,1. per dozen; extra -Strong, 30J. and 421. per dozen. All other good LILIES at equallv low prices. Mr.'WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. L ilium" AURATUM'^s"'pecial Offer.— Good sound dry BULBS, 4 to 6 inches in circumference, AS. per dozen, 28s. per ico. Cheapest for quality ever cffered. Samples tweve stamps. Messrs. MORLE and CO., i and 2, and i6a, Fenchu.ch Street. E.C. ^„^____ Freesia refracta alba, HURST AND SON have to offer a fine stock of above beautiful Cape Bulbs, just received from South Africa. Lowest Price to ihe Trade on application. 15?, Houndsditch. London, E. ARTIN GRASHOFF, Quedlinburgh, PrU5sia. My Wholesale Trade CATALOGUE of Agricultural, Vegetable, and Garden Flower Seeds. &c., with divers Floral Novelties, is to be had gratis on application. TRONG MANETTI S^TOCKS, fit for immediate working, at unusually low prices ; &c. A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK, Dedemsvaatt, by Zwolle, Holland. ARCH. — LARCH.— LARCH.— Special cheap offer, to clear ground. From 3 feet upwards at very low prices ; also other FOREST TREES. GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst. Grape Vines. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand stock ot Grape Vines, suitable for Fruiting in Pots and Planting in Vineiies. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade supplied. The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool. ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.— Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make your choice from his unrivalled Collection. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. JoliDStons St. Martina KHubarb. EARLIEST and BEST in CULTIVATION. .Strong Roots, if. each, gr. per dozen. Trade piice on application. W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Nurserymen, Dundee, N.B. B^RIJSS^LS SPROUTS^ MAY'S NORTH AW PRIZE, the variety that has been success- fully exhibited by him and admired. Seed direct from the grower, \s. 6d. per packet. Cheaper to the Trade. J. MAY, The Gardens, Northaw, Eamet, Herts. OVEUS STRAWBERRY PLANTS.— GREENHOUSE, st. per rco, 401. per rooo. GARDEN. 2S. td. per 100, aoj per icoo. Sample and Pamphlet, post free, 4J AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, January 16 l',JVv!;P^'' •" ° '''°^'' precisely. Six cases of ODONTOGLOS- bUMS received direct from Columbia, about 600 plants : im- ported DENDROBIUMS and other ORCHIDS f om India, together with about 200 lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from well known Collections, several of them in flower, includme Odontoglossum Ruckerianum, O. Bictoneuse album, and many other rare and valuable species. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wood Qreen, N. M ALTERATION of DATE to TUESDAY, January 27 ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Vineries, Nightingale Road, Wood Green, N., on TUESDAY January 27. by order of the Proprietor, who is rehnquishing the business, the whole of the STOCK in TRADE, including lo^oo Maidenhair Ferns, m various sized pots, Carls Pots &c The valuable FREEHOLD NURSe'ry (comprismg ^ J,"?. °ff """''• F'"' '"?= GREENHOUSES and several Oii=li'o'5'rEl,"irFVR'sTL''^:°uto'n",;.?d"eSfei?ri'^"'^''- Full particulars of the Auctioneers. Flowering OrcUda. TVrESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS -1.1-1. beg to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SAT F nf ORCHIDS IN FLOWER will take place on TUESDAY January 27, and they wiU be glad to receive notice of Enttiei as soon as possible. Saturday, January 17. SALE of 200 Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES, so Pyramidal PEACH, CHERRY. APRICOT, NECriARI NE, PLUM, APPLE, and PEAR TREES, Standard QUINCES, 300 Dwarf and Standard ROSES, IXIAS, and SPARAXIS bulbs. EUONYMUS, and a variety of SHRUBS and PLANTS MESSRS. PEED AND GREAVES, Horti- CULTURAL Auctioneers, will SELL the above by AUCTION, without reserve, on SATURDAY, January 17, at 12 for I o'clock precisely, at the Brixton Auction Rooms, Loughborough Road, Brixton. Catalogues of the Auctioneers, Loughborough Road Brixton, London, S.W. NEXT SALE, JANUARY ^i. WANTED, TO RENT, a few GREEN- HOUSES, with Ground attached, within a radius of 10 or 12 miles of Covent Garden, or even nearer preferred. — G. FLORIST, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. ANTED, TO RENT, a COTTAGE with about an Acre of Land, also Glass suitable for a Florist. Address Z., Florist, Gardeners* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TO BE SOLD, a very compact LEASE- HOLD PROPERTY, consisting of DwelliDg-house, about ?^ Acre of Land, and 4 Greenhouses, in the occupation of a P'lorist and Gardener, at the annual Rent of ;^5o per annum, held on Lease for a long term at a Ground Rent of ^11 los. Possession can be obtained at March next. Further particulars may be had of Mr. JOSEPH HIBBERD, Surveyor and Auctioneer, 14, Newington Green, London, N. The Old Sydendam Nursery, Sydenham, S.E TO BE SOLD, owing to the sudden death of the Proprietor, the LEASE and GOODWILL, con- sisting of good House and Shop, 6 Glass Houses and Stock, Healing Apparatus, &c., all in working order. No reasonable offer refused. For particulars, apply on the premises, Kirkdale, Sydenham. O BE DISPOSED OF, a First-class FLORIST, SEED, and JOBBING BUSINESS, in a main thoroughfare, about 7 miles from London, all in good working order. Address L., Nurseryman, Gardeners' Chronitle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. A Rare Opportunity for Nurserymen. TO BE SOLD, by Private Treaty, owing to the death of the owner, ELM GROVE NURSERIES, Newry, Ireland. These well known Nurseries are at present well stocked, and for nearly fifty years the proprietors (Messrs. M. Grant & Co.) carried on a splendid business. For particulars apply to THOS. J. MARRON, Solicitor, Newry, Co. Down. Tj^OR SALE, a Small NURSERY, doing a -L good business ; 1200 yards of land, about 2500 feet of Glass. The best stand in Hull. Apply, J. H. ELSOM. Nurseryman, Cave Street, Hull. Gardeners— Practical TO LET, a well-established NURSERY BUSINESS, Glass, and to acres of Arable and Grass- Land, partly planted— Roses, Plums, and Berries. Good family residence. Excellent living. Ill health causes owner to retire. Valuation in Pot Plants. Roses, &c, about £,iyt. Apply W. BELL, The Poplars. Sutton-on-Trent. JOHN KENNARD'S Horticultural t^ Sundries, Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Pottery Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisite. Swan Place. Old Kent Road. S.E. Established 1854. Ti MILLINGTON and CO., English -■- • and Foreign Sheet and Plate Glasf, White Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants, 43, Commercial Street, E. STEPHEN BROWN, deceased.— Pursuant to Statute 22 & 23 Victoria, caput 35, NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that all persons having any CLAIM AGAINST THE ESTATE of STEPHEN BROWN, late of Weston-super-Mare, in the county of Somerset, Seedsman. Nurseryman, and Florist, who died on the 25th day of Novem- ber, 1884, and whose Will was proved on the i6th day of Decem- ber, 1S84, in the District Registry attached to the Probate Division of Her Majesty's High Court of Justice at Wells, by Henry Brown, one of the Executors named in the said Will, are requested to SEND IN WRITING the PARTICULARS of THEIR CLAIMS to the undersigned on or before the 31st day of JANUARY, 1885, after which date the said Executor will distribute the assets of the said deceased, having regard only to the Claims of which he shall have had notice. WM. SMITH, Weston-super-Mare, Solicitor to the Executor. Dated this i8ih day of December, 1884. OANNELL'S Has been posted to all customers. Should any have miscarried please to intimate the same. It is much improved, and so is our stock. The world knows that we grow nothin" but Flowers and their Seeds, and all can there" fore understand how well we supply them. THE HOME FOR FLOWERS, SWANLBY KENT. Orchids. fpHE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL J- CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have at present a grand stock of DENDROBIUMS, in variety, and other East Indian ORCHIDS, also CATTLEYAS and othervaluable ORCHIDS from South America, and they are constantly receiving fresh unportations. Price LISTS and full particulars on application. The MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Gaiston, Liverpool. EAST LOTHIAN STOCKS. nPHOMAS METHVEN and SONS -L offer their choice strain of the above Intermediate Stocks in five colours— Scarlet, Purple, White, Crimson, and Snow- white, wall-leaved, in packets, u., 2i. dd. and 5^, each colour. Price to the Trade 00 application. 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh. a R R I S O N AND SONS Royal Nurseries, Leicester, have to offer : — 10.000 Strong GOOSEBERRIES, mostly Wairingtoiu. 6,000 IVIES, mostly Irish. 7,coo POPLARS, 6 to lafeet. 1,000 Standard Horse CHESTNUTS, fine ao,ooo Bushy Evergreen PRIVET, 2 to 3 feet. j.ooo AMERICAN ARBOR-VIT/E. 2.C00 Common LAURELS. 3 to 4 feet, extra. 1,000 Paul's Crimson THORNS, standards. 1,000 Pyramid APPLES, PEARS, and PLUMS. 1,000 Standard PEARS. All well grown. Special quotations and samples free. A BIES DOUGLASII, \\ to 2 feet, 25^. per -i^ 100 ; 2 to 1% feet, 33J. per loo : 3 to 4 feet, 60J. per 100; by the thousand, finely finished and rooted. ARAU- CARIAIMBRICATA. 18 to 20 inches, 24*. per dozen ; a to aj^ teet, 4,2s. per dozen; 3 feet, extra, dc-s. per dozen; each size by the thousand. CEDRUS DEODARA. 4 to 5 feet, 30J. per dozen. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS. 2 to 2^ feet. 6of per 100 CUPRESSUS LAWSONII, i% to 3 feet, 6oi. per 100 ; C. GRACILIS, distinct, ij^ foot, 12^. per dozen ; C. STRICTA, 2 to 2j'^ feet, the finest upright. \is. per dozen; C. FUNE- ERIS, scarce, 1}^ foot, 15J. per dozen. PICEA NOBILIS, 3 to 4 feet, 60J. per dozen; P. NORDMANNIANA, i foot, fine, 50J. per 100 ; ij^ to 3 feet. 15J. per dozen ; 6 feet, extra, 84J. per dozen. PINUS EXCELSA, 2 feet, Zs. per dozen; P. INSIGNIS. I foot. 30J. per 100 : 6 to 8 inches, i6j. per ico- THUIA LOBBII, 10 to 15 inches ; special by the 1000, the best substitute for Larch. RHODODENDRON PONTiCUM, I to 4 feet, each size in thousands. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. N.B. HRYSANTHEMUMS. — Speciality.— 420 varieties, guaranteed true to name. Oneof the largest and cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plants, purchaser's selection, is. 6d. per dozen, 16^. per 100 ; cuttings, is. 6d. per dozen, jos. per 100 ; W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. Inspection invited. W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House. Swanscombe. Kent. J LEWIS AND SON, Newtown Nurseries, • Malvern, offer for Sale three thousand LAURUSTI- NUS, beautifully set with bloom, from i to 1% foot, bushy, suitable for pots. Also a large quantity of Common LAURELS, from 2 to 5 feet. Also several thousands of Dwarf ROSES, including La France, Mdlle. Eugene Verdier, Duke of Edin- burgh, Boule de Neige, Gloire de Dijon, A. K. Williams, Mrs. Jowitt, Marie Baumann, &c., in lots to suit purchasers. No reasonable offer will be rufused. FECIAL CHEAP OFFE R.— ALDER, ASH. BIRCH, ELM, Austrian PINK, MAPLE, OAK (English), PRIVET ovalifolia, PRIVET Evergreen. All the above good stout stuff, from a to 4 feet. POPLAR in variety, from 4 to 10 feet ; THORN QUICK, 3, 4, and 5 feet ; YEWS, extra strong : SYCA. MORES, 3 to 6 feet ; BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, iW to 2 feet ; CUPRESSUS. various, 2 to 10 feet ; Golden ELDER, Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS, HOLLIES in variety, from I to g feet : splendid stuff, all recently transplanted. IVIES in variety, LAURELS in sorts, 3 to 4 feet ; LILACS, 3 to 5 feet ; RETINOSPORAS, in sons, i to 6 feet ; English YEWS, 2 to 4 feet, fine stuff ; AZALEA PONTICA. 1 to 3 feet; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and other planting, from I inch to 3 feet : several hundred thousand choice named RHODODENDRONS, in good sueed planu ; Cunning- ham's White CAUCASICUM PICTUM JACKSONIANA. &c. Double Yellow and White PRIMROSES. For price and particulars apply to ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, The Nurseries, Miltoa, Stoke-on-Trent. ULBS for SPRING PLANTING, of all soits. JAPANESE MAPLES, JAPANESE LILIES, choice Seeds of our own saving ; choice New Zealand Seeds; NEW MAGNOLIAS, ZAMIAS from the Cape, North American Hardy Plants. See our Spring LIST, No. 72. just issued. NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Colchester. OR SALE, Black CURRANT TREES, Baldwin's Black and Green Bud, at 6s. per 100. Also Standard DAMSON TREES. The Trees are strong and well rooted, and warranted true to name. Apply to A. UNDERDO WN and CO., The Vineries, Paddock Wood, Kent. SEED POTATOS— Sutton's Favourite, a large quantity, jCb per ton or ys, per cwt , free on Rail. C. DAVEY, Seed Farm, Bedford, To the Trade. SEED POTATOS. HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced • LIST of SEED POTATOS is now ready, and can be had on application. It comprises the best kinds in cultiva- tion, and the prices are very reasonable. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. For Sale. RHUBARB SETS, of a Selected Growth. R. BATH, Wansunt Farm, Crayford. To the Traded VINES. — VINES. — VINES. STRONG PLANTING CANES, 3.. each. EXTRA STRONG FRUITING CANES, jj. each. Well ripened and short-jointed. CALDWELL AND SONS, The NurseriM, Knutslord, Cheshire. January io, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 39 BY ROYAIi WARRANT, Kurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen. Messrs. LITTLE & BALLANTYNE Beg to intimate that they have now issued their CATALOGUES of Seeds, Trees, Plants, &c., to all their Customers. Should any have miscarried, their friends will oblige them by applying for another. The quality and prices of the articles ofl'ered will compare very favourably with other houses. CARLISLE-January 3, 1885. Francis ©Arthur Dickson s Sons. 106EastgateSt.&p TheUpton Nurseries V/iliJ O 1 JdIV. FOREST TREES, FRUIT TREES, EVERGREENS, QUICKS, ROSES, ALL HARDILY GROWN AND SPLENDID QUALITY. VEGETABLE SEEDS Of the highest class and most select character, each variety being saved from the best stock of its kind. FLOWER SEEDS Of every description, and of the finest strains in existence, both Home and Continental. In every case the strong growth of Seeds is proved be/ore being sent out, which ensures success, WRITE FOR CATALOGUES, GRATIS AND POST-FREE. Catalogue of Garden Seeds, 1885, JUST PUBLISHED. Lalng'B Rose Trees. JOHN LAING & CO. Roses for Removal now. Per dor. Standards, choicest and best sorts .. i8j. and 21J. Half-Sundards ISJ. ,, i8j. Dwarfs ,, ,. ,. -• 9^- i> ^^' Our selection of above Perpetuals. Vigorous growth, well-rooted, unequalled quality. Rose Growers. Forest Hill, S.E. I Specialities for 1885. LLUSTRATED LIST Of Choice New Seeds for Gardeners and Amateurs. Post-free 6d. Sent free to all Customers. E. J. JARMAN, The People's Seedsman, CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE. COOLING'S OMEGA BEET. Handsome in shape and of rich crimson colour, but more especially remarkable for its distinct flavour, which is delicately sweet and agreeable, far surpassing any other variety. Per packet Is., post-tree. Trade price on application. GEO. COOLING & SON, SEEDSMEN, BATH. Lalng's Begonia Seed. JOHN LAING & CO. GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our Prize Plants. New crop now harvested. Sealed packets. CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, r/- and 2/6 per packet ; 5/- extra large packets : double varieties, 2/6 and 5/- per packet. COLLECTIONS, 12 named varieties, separate, 7/6 ,, 6 named varieties, separate, 4/- BegonU Growers, Forest Hill, S.E, Great Reduction in Prices. Twenty per Cent, allowed off Catalogue Prices, for Cash. Free on Rail, Colchester Station, No e.\tra charge for Packing. COLCHESTER ROSES Have been made famous all over the World by BENJAMIN R. CANT, The Old Estahlished and Celebrated ROSE GROWER, COLCHESTER. WINNER of the CHAMPION CUP of the SATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY THREE YEARS la SUCCESSION. * CATALOGUES post-free, on application * Kent: The Garden of England, Registered.) 300,000 Trees to select from. CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.— Too well known to require description. Price 6j. per bushel {\s. extra per bushel for package), or dd. per cake; free by Parcels Post, u. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. \ WM. CUTBUSH AND SON * (Limited), Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Higbgate Nurseries. N. Vecetable&FlowerSeed! Seed PoTATOsJooisac Bust iQiL-izirr- €AisMit'Mi^ 1'!ri:js. AMESDICKSON&SONS li08EASTGiffEST.^lmi3^ I iiai ROSES A SPECIALITY. STANDARDS and HALF - STANDARDS, best sorts, i8j. per dozen, laar. per loo. DWARFS, LARGE BUSHES, gj. per dozen, tos. per lOO. The foUowing letter, selected from many hundreds of similar ones, is, I trust, a sufficient proof that the plants are of the best quality : — " Hill Side, 203, Richmond Road. Putney, Nov. 26, 1884. " Sir.— I am much pleased with the fine healthy plants you have sent me. Both the Dwarfs and Standards are specimens of skilful cultivation. They are particularly well rooted, and are in every respect all that a Rose-grower can desire.— I am, yours faithfully. " B. G. Coleoy. " To Mr. Frank Cant, Rose-Grower, Colchester." A Descriptive CATALOGUE Post-free on application io FRANK CANT, "The" Rose-Grower, The Mile End Nurseries, Colchester. FERNS A SPECIALITY. Hundreds of Thousands of FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS, for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries. ABRIDGED CATALOGUE of over laoo Species and Varieties free 00 application. LARGE CATALOGUE (Price la.), containing 75 Illustra- tions of Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable " Hints on Fern Culture," and other useful and interesting information. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY SALE MANCHESTER. COOLING'S LEVIATHAN COS LETTUCE. The largest and hardiest Cos Lettuce. A selected and greatly improved variety of Bath Cos. Should be sown now. Per packet is., post-free. Trade price on .ipplicatioD. GEO. COOIiINQ & SON, SEEDSMEN, BATH. B. S, WILLIAMS' VEGETABLE SPECIALITIES. Williams' Williams' wmiams' Williams' Wllllama' Williams' Williams' Williams' wmiams' Williams' wmiams' Williams' wmiams' wmiajns' J \ For 1885. | 1 r Early Prolific Kidney Beans, per qt. The earliest and best for forcing. Superb Crimson Beet, . . per oz. Dwarf Green Curled Borecole „ Improved Brussels Sprouts per pkt. Alexandra Broccoli Early NonsucU Catbage .. „ Matchless Red Celery .. „ MatcMess Wlite Celery . . „ Gloria Mundi Endive Victoria Cos Lettuce Semper Fidelia Melon Magnum Bonum Onion .. ,, Emperor of tlie Marrow Pea per qt. HoUoway Rival Pea For further particulars sie Illustrated SEED CA TALOGUE, jiost-free on application. VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON. N. To the Trade Only. T7IERNS — FERNS — FERNS. - — Adi.mtum ciiceatum, A. trapeziforme, A. gracdlimum, Loiraria gibba, Laslrea aristata v.«iegata. Pieris sertulala cristata Cowani, P. serrulata : nice plants in 6o's, 2CJ. per ico. Adiantum cunealum. A, gracillimum, A. trapeziforme. in 4 and iSi inch pots, 40.<-. to 501. per 100, accoiding to size ; Adiantum Pa'cotti, in 6o's, 30J. per 100 ; ditto, in 4 and *,% inch pots, 50J. ""'the LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. Qohti Cowan), Limited, The. Vineyard and Nurseiies, Garston, Liverpool. ^ FORTY Opna- FRDIT & Forest Priced Catalogues .PbsLFree. jrHEAL&SONS V«W Crawley, ^Sussex. Martin's Fresldeut Cauliflower Is. 6d. per packet. The earliest in cultivation, dwarf and com- pact in habit, head firm and pure white, and well protected by the foliage. It stands dry weather better than any other variety. Mr. Gilbert says it turned out the best o/all he grew last season. Mr. E. Stephenson, Thorganby Hall, says; — "Your ' President' Cauliflower is net only the earliest but the most useful I have ever grown ; we can plant it 3 or 4 inches closer than any other variety. The heads are very white and compact, I have grown it ever since it came out : rrecommend it to all my friends. Post free on receipt of postal order or stamps for II. td. WILLIAM E. MARTIN, Seed Merchant, Hull. COOLING'S NE PLUS ULTRA DWARF BEAN. Acknowledged by all to be the earliest and most productive Dwarf Bean in e.xistence. Invaluable for forcing. Per pint 2s. 6d., poBt-&ce 2a. 9d. Trade price on application. GEO. COOLING & SON, SEEDSMEN, BATH. 40 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January io, 1S85. ANTHONY WATERER Invites attention to the following LIST of well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY STOCK :— HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to\ lauiifolia, ditto. [10 feet high. I [•many thousands. n Hodgins', 3, 4i 5 to 8 feet. „ myrtifoUa, ditto. ,, Scottica, 3 to 8 feet. „ Yellow- berried, altaclarensc and others. { „ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5,6, 8 to 10 ft./ „ Waterer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet in circumference. „ Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds ol beautitul specimens. „ Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful heads, ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds. „ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful plants. BOX. Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7 feet, many thousacds. YEWS, Common, 3. 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, thousands, „ Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point of variety and size unequalled. ,. Irish, c to 10 feet, hundreds. I thousands. CUPRItSSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5. 6 to 8 feet, „ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feel, hundreds of beautiful specimens. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds. RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4. 5, 6, 7, 8. to 10 feet. The plants are covered with buds. AZALEAS, Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet high, thousands. JUNIPERS, Chmese, 7, 8, and lo feet high, ., Chinese Golden. 3 to 6 feet. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANAGLAUCA, 3 to 5 feet. ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 (eet, hundreds. „ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feet, thousands. „ „ GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. „ ORIENTALIS, 4. 5, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ HOOKERIANA, 3 to 5 feet. „ PARRY AN A GLAUCA. x% to 2 leet. hundreds. PICEA CONCOLOR. 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. „ GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet, „ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. „ MAGNIFICA. 2 to 3 (eet, hurdreds. „ NOBILIS. \% t03 feet, thousands. „ NORDMANNIANA. 6. 7. to 10 feet. „ PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ PUNGENS, i'^ to 2 feet, thousands. PlNUS CEMBRA. 6108 feet. CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds. ,, LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon), 3 to 5 ftet. THUIA OCCnJENTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundred--. THUIOPSIS BOREALIS, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. KETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 10 6 feet, hundreds. „ PISIFERA AUREA(true). 3to6feet. „ PLUMOSA AUFEA, 3 to 5 feet. Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey. 3EED Pe'F^TOg. A CHANGE OF SEED ALWAYS PAYS. Before ordering your supplies send for DANIELS' SEED POTATO CATALO JUE of the largest and best collection in the A\'orld. Upwards of 200 varieties, suitable for all soils. Many Novelties not before offered. Gratis and Post Fr^e to all applicants. SEED POTATO FARMERS, WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE, We have now pubhshed our Wholesale CATALOGUE of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, coniaininR, also, all the best Novehies of the Season. It may be had on app'icatioa. All our Regular Cubtomers should already have received a Copy by Post ; any not having done so will obligv by letting us know. W ATKINS Sc SIMPSON, EXETER STREET, STRAND. W.C. Seed and TiUl Grounds, Feltham and Twickenham, Middlesex. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM.— For sale, at reasonable prices, many thousands of fine healthy plants, bushy and well rooted ; two years transplanted. Trade supplied on liberal teims. For prices and further particulars apply to H. CROSS, Woodcote, Newport, Salop. CUT FLOWERS. Buy of the Growers. LILY OF THE VALLEY (very flae). and TULIPS (In sorts). The Advertisers are prepared to offer a regular supply of above lor cash at moderate prices. MESSRS. TURNER BROS., Nurserymen and Florists, Allerlon, Liverpool. SPECIAL OFFER ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS, ROSES and FRTJIT TREES of all kinds, FOREST TREES, &c., All well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices {free on application). WALTER OHAS. SLOCOCK, Gnldworth "Old" Nursery, WOKING. SURREY. The above is nozu ready, and has been posted io all Customers. Another Copy will be forzoarded on appli- cation to any who have not yet received one. POTATO. SMAR-PE'S ffl Vi€TOR VICTOR will produce new Potatos all tlie year round, 8d. per Pound (7 lb. Carriage Paid). Victor is the perfection of Potatos for frame cultivation. New Potatos, fit for use, have been produced from it in Six Wetka. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD. pAUL AND SON, The "Old" Nurseries, J- Cheshunt, hold very fine stocks of the undermentioned :— STANDARD TEA Re ISES, best kinds. STANDARD HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, vigorous kind^-. DWARF TEA ROSES, on Brier only STRONG CLIMBING ROSES, very large plants STRONG CLIMBING ROSES, in pou, 8100 leet high. STRONG DWARF ROSES for Hedges. STRONG DWARF ROSES (or Bedi. POT ROSES, of all sorts and sizes STRONG STANDARD APPLES, s to 6 feet stems. STRONG STANDARD PEARS, extra fine heads STRONG STANDARD PLUMS, including Victorias. EXTRA FINE HORIZONTAL TRAINED APPLES and PEARS. EXTRA FINE FAN TRAINED PLUMS and CHERRIES. STRAWBERRIES, in large and small pots. GOOSEBERRIES, fine, on i foot stems CURRANTS, particularly fine Red and White. CONIFERS, EVERGREENS, and AVENUE PL\NT3. HOLLIES, Gieen and Variegated, 10 acres at High Beach. CATALOGUES post-free. SEED POTATOS, C. Fidler's New Annual Catalogue OF SEED POTATOS ^vill be sent G.atis and Post-free on application. It contains a complete descriptive List of all the choicest varieties in cultivation, aLo valuable hints on Potato Growing. Every one who has a Garden should send for a copy, C. FIDLER, POTATO GROWER, READING. New, Rare, and Choice Flower Seeds "ILLUSTRATED." This most USEFUL antj INTERESTING CATALOGUE, which every one with a Garden or Greenhouse should possess, is NOW READY, and is being posted to all CUSTO- MERS, and may be had gratis upon applica- tion. It includes, perhaps, the finest list of STERLING NOVELTIES ever brought together; a grand collection of HARDY FLORIbTS' FLOWERS; a specially fine selection of HARDY PERENNIALS, and such as are easily and quickly grown ; GRliEN- HOUSE SEEDS — all the most popular; HARDY ORNAMENTAL GRASSES; SHOWY SINGLE-FLOWERED ANNU- ALS and PERENNIALS. The Catalogue is beautifully illustrated and everything very fully described. Also, in separate form and complete Collection of MISCELLANEOUS BULBS adapted for Spring Plantmg. THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM. LONDON SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES and ROSES. A large and select slock is now offered for sale. T/k IlluiiraUd aiid Descriplhc CA TALOGUE 0/ FRUITS fOit-/rec. The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. HARRISON'S EARLY ECLIPSE PEA. The Earliest in the Qarden. The Bailiest in the Field. The Earliest for the Market. See Gardeners' Chronicle and Gardeners' Magazine, December 6, containing a whole page of opinions. The haulm is of a peculiar light colour, only 2 feet in height, the pods of a lively green and well filled, and is the heaviest cropper for an early variety we have cvrr seen, The seed is blue, and similar in appearance to llie "Kentish Invicta," but it is hardier and even earlier than that excellent variety. This variety was selected by us from Laxton's Har- binger shoni eight years ago, and has no other origin. Many trials last season in dificrcnt parts of the country have proved it to be the earliest Pea in cultivation. Although coming into blossom the same time as several otlitr kmds, the pods fill so rapidly that they are ready for picking a week or ten days earlier. Per Q,uart» Is. 6d. ; post-free for 2a, Per Bushel, 263. Highly recmmended io Market Gardeners. Price tj the Trade on application. Wftolcsale CATALOGUE free on application. General CATALOGUE free on application. HARRISON & SONS, SEED GROWERS, LEICESTER. January io, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 41 SEEDS OF SUPERIOR QUALITY. Wm. Paul & _Son (Successors to the late A. PAUL & SON Beg to announce that their -Established 1806) ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of SELECT VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and OTHER SEEDS, &c.. Is Now Ready, and will be fortvardcd, post-free, on application. Many Seeds are Home-grown, and all are selected with the utmost "%/™"}, '•!?. ";°=J Celebrated Stocks at Home and Abroad, in order to secure their Customers the Best Quality that can be obtained, at the Lowest possible Prices to be remunerative. IMPORTANT.— Observe the Christian Name, WM. PAUL & SON, PAUL'S NURSERIES and SEED WAREHOUSE, WALTHAM CROSS, LONDON, N. SEEDS of SUPERIOR QUALITY. Messrs. DICKSON & ROBINSON Have the pleasure to announce that their ILLUSTBATED CATALOGUE OF VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS, &o., Is now ready, and ean be had, post-free, on application. THE OLD ESTABLISHED SEED WAREHOUSE, 12, OLD MILLGATE, MANCHESTER. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER BULBS (ESTABLISHED 1S04.) tj Lovely Flowers in Winter and Spring for a trifle. Ready in Autumn. nnOrO lr\t\ „„,„«^ bushes, Ss. per dozen, ROSES (20 acres; 6oi. per.oo; STANDARDS, m. per dozen. 1051. per ico. Packing and Carriage Free lor Cash with Older. Best varieties of every form tree at low prices. FRUITS (74 acres) FnXnfof' ROSES IN POTS (80,000) 'va"?^^?; FORCING, &c., 151. to lis. per dozen. ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants, 4s. per dozen, 251. per ico (R. S. & Co.'s Selection). STRAWBERRIES forcing, ■Ltt.\.o%^Wxo<^ THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES, 35. fid. to loj. td. each. WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGLE and DOUBLE, izj. to 24J. per dozen. REMEMBER THIS! our SEEDS ARE NOT THE CHEAPEST BUT THE BEST grown in the Garden of England, where the soil and sunny clime has been known for centuries and now MORE and MORE for its fruit- fulness. The near perfection of our flowers exhibited both in England and on the Continent at all seasons surprised and astonished all, and at the last great shows in Belgium and Germany, where Gold and other Medals were awarded, what is even more conclusive proof that our county is tnore favourable for flowers than even that of any on the Continent, it was throughout these exhibitions said — and in general conversation admitted — that Cannell's flowers were the flowers of the whole show. Both King and Queen requested to see us, a7id expressed their surprise and admiration. Beyond this we think it perfectly unnecessary to say more in favour of our home-grown- and-saved Seeds, ivhich we ask all to come and see, and be sure they are the best as they floiver. Delivered post-free to everybody s door in the world. SEND FOR A CATALOGUE. VINES CLEMATIS SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) l%\y^\ TREES FLOWERING PLANTS (8s per dozen, soj. per 100), FOREST TREES. Three Acres of Glass for Slove and Greenhouse Plants. FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE. VEGETABLE, ELOWER, and FARM SEEDS. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, centaming an immense amount of useful information, free on a-pplication. 1885— VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS.— 1885. Dickson, Brown & Tait, Cannell's Begonia Seed. BEG TO INTIMATE THAT THEIK CATALOGUE OE SELECT GAEDEI SEEDS AND CULTURAL GUIDE, Containing a selection of all the best Novelties and leading varieties of Seeds suitable for the Kitchen and Flower Garden, Horticultural Implements, Gladioli, Spring Bulbs, &c., is now ready, and can be had Post-free on application. N,B—We have Posted a Copy to all our Customers j any one not having received the same, en inforimtion, another Copy will be sent. SEED MEBCHANTS, 43 and 45, COKPOBATION STREET, MANCHESTER. TUBEROUS BEGONIAS, AWARDED GOLD MEDALS and MANY FIRST- CLASS CERTIFICATES. As many leaps and bounds as we have made in the improvement of flowers, our five houses of these last year exceeded all, and acknow- ledged to be of better habit, larger and more perfect flowers, and altogether superior to the ordinary varieties. W. E. GuMDLETON, Esq. (our greatest authority), writes : — ** Sirs, — Your six-inchers are indeed huge blooms, finer in substance by far than I expected them to be.*' T. Baines, in Gardeners' Chronicle^ says :— " Doubles are as large and resembling small Pseonies, and others a well- formed cupped Rose. Singles I measured flowers fully 6 inches over, of a deeper and brighter crimson than Zonal H. Jacoby." Seeds from these flowers 2s. 6d. and Bs. per paclcet. DouWea, Cs. and 7s. 6d. per packet. Send for the best ILLUSTRATED DE- SCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, containing by far the best treatise and most correctly how to raise from seed up to grand plants. H. GANNELL & SONS, T#&i+omir^^Ft«as 42 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January io, 1885. B. 8. WILLIAMS' NEW TOMATOS. I POST FREE. I WILLIAMS' RED KING. The best Exhibilion TOMATO. The best nutdoor TOMATO. The best shaped TOMATO. Price, 2s. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' GOLDEN QUEEN. Awarded a First-class Certificate to the Chiswick Trials. The best yellow TOMATO. The largest yellow TOMATO. The most distinct yellow TOMATO. Price, 2s. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' NE PLUS ULTRA. The best flavoured TOMATO. The largest red TOMATO, weighing from 14 to ao oz. each. The richest coloured TOMATO. Price, Is. 6(1. per packet. WILLIAMS' Orangefield Improved A great improvement on the old form of Orangefield TOMATO. The best Market TOMATO. The earliest TOMATO. The most prolific TOMATO. Price, 6d. per packet. ILLUSTRATED SEED CATALOGUE gratis and post-free on application. CARTERS' Sterling Vecetable Novelties That have Stood the Test of Time. The Chajnpion Peas of the World. CARTERS' STRATAGEM . CARTERS' TELEPHONE . CARTERS' PRIDE OF THE 1 MARKET I Per pint. 3^. od. . zs. od. . Post-free. . 3^. od. . 2J. 6d. . 2S. 6d. CARTERS' FIRST-CROP PEA. The earliest white Pea. Per quart, js. 2d. CARTERS' G. F. WILSON PEA. Aq improved Veitch's Perfection. Per quart, 3S. CARTERS' LEVIATHAN BEAn! Pods have been grown 21 in. long. Per pint, zs , post-free. 2^. 6d. CARTERS' CHAMPION RUNNER BEAN. The best in cultivation. Per quart, 25. CARTERS' PERFECTION BEET. Pronounced so by the R.H.S. Per oz., ij. 6d., post-free. CARTERS' HEARTWELL CABBAGE. The best early Cabbage. Per oz., 3S., post-free. CARTERS' MODEL CUCUMBER. The model of what a Cucumber should be. Per packet, 2J. 6d. and 3J. 6d. , post-free. CARTERS' DWARF CRIMSON CELERY. The best red variety. R. H,S. Per pkt., t.r, 6(/., post-free. CARTERS' GIANT WHITE COS LETTUCE. The finest summer Cos. Per ounce, zs , post-free. CARTERS' BLENHEIM ORANGE MELON. The richest flivoured scarlet-fiesh. Per packet, ts. 6d.j 2i. 6d., and 35. 6d., post-free. CARTERS' DEDHAM A handsome variety. CARTERS' FAVOURITE TOMATO. Per packet, 2r., post-free. FERN-LEAF PARSLEY. A beautifully curled variety. Per packet, 6d. and is. . post-free. Illustrated LISTS gratis and post-free. Seedsmen ty Royal Warrant to His Royal Highness the PRINCE OF WALES, Holborn, London, W.C, la^itDiJ ^" High 2S81 CHARLES SHARPE&CO.'S SPECIALITIES, 1884-5. SHARPE'S PEA. 2s. 6d. per pkt. TRIUMPH. Finest Dwarf Blue Wrinkled Marrow. Best flavoured and heaviest cropper — sixiy-nine pods, with nine to eleven Peas in each, gathered from one plant. SHARPE'S PEA. 2a. 6d. per pint. PARAGON. Hardiest and earliest large Wrinkled Marrow. Successive crops can be had for four months. First-class Certificate. R.H.S., 1884. SHARPENS PEA. Is. per quart. PROLIFIC WHITE MARROW. An excellent, large-podded, prolific, White Wrinkled Marrow. SHARPE'S PEA. Is. per quart. SHARPE'S BEAN. Is. per pint. SHARPE'S CUCUMBER 2s. 6d. per pkt. INVINCIBLE. Fine, long-podded, Blue Marrow. Peas deep green. A fine Market Garden Pea. CONQUEROR. The longest-podded variety known. Pods often 1 6 to 18 inches long. Fine for Exhibition. EPICUREAN. The most prolific, earliest, deepest in colour, and finest in flavojr of any variety grown. Fruit long and very handsome. It is ^x-ct^^y perfection. SHARPE'S POTATO. 8d. per pound. VICTOR. The earliest, quickest, and most pro- ductive kind for forcing or early planting — ready for table in from six to eight weeks. SHARPE'S POTATO. 4s. per stone. SHARPE'S TOMATO. Is. 6d. per pkt. SHARPE'S New Tomato. 2s. 6d. per pkt. DUKE OF ALBANY. Most valuable main crop variety — goo to use from July to March. POMEGRANATE. Fruit large, round, smooth, deep pink, sufTused with violet. Flesh solid, very deep in colour, and of the finest flavour. ECLIPSE. A remarkably prolific variety. Fruit globular, smooth, growing in large clusters at every joint, exquisite flavour, colour bright cherry-red. SHARPE'S PARSLEY. 6d. per packet. SHARPE'S ONION. Is. per packet. LINCOLN GREEN. The perfection of garnishing Parsley. PRIZE WHITE SPANISH. The best type of the Banbury section of Onions. SHARPE'S MELON Is. per packet. RAUCEBY HALL. Finest flavoured ^een -flesh Melon in cultivation. For full description see Advertisements in the Horticultural Papers ; or, SHARPE'S SEED LIST for 1885, Post-free on application. WHOLESALE GENERAL CATALOGUE of SEEDS, with Trade Prices, of SHARPE'S SPECIALITIES post-free on application. CHARLES SHARPE & CO,, SLEAFOBD. JOHNLAING&CO, NOVELTIES for 1885. SEE NEW CATALOGUE. Genuine Vegetable Seeds per half-pint Peas, Abundance „ Duke of Albany ,, . „ ,, Evolution .. ,, 26 ,, William Hurst .. „ 26 Bean, John Harrison .. .. per pint 2 6 Beet, Pragnell's Exhibition ..per pkt. 1 o Cabbage, Laing's Early Matchless „ i 6 ,, Laing's Paragon ... ,, 16 Leek, The Lyon .. ,. ,, 10 Melon, Scarlet Premier ,. ,, i 6 Spinach. Laing's Longstanding, p. pint t 6 Also all the best varieties of Peas, Beans, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Cress. Cu- cumber, Endive, Lettuce, Mustard, Onion, Radish, Spinach, Turnip, &c. SEE NEW CATALOGUE. Choice Flower Seeds. J. d. 3 6 I 6 Calceolaria, Cloth of Gold .. per pkt. Impatiens Sultani .. .. ,, Primula sinensis fimbriata, blue (true) per pkt. 2 6 Stat ice Suworowi .. .. ,, 10 Sweet Pea, Stanstead Queen ,, 10 Also our well-known strauis of Cineraria, Calceolaria, Gloxinia, Primula Laingi, and other sorts, Asters, Stocks, Balsam, Dahlia, Phlnx, &c. Mushroom Spawn, the finest procurable, 5s. per bushel ; Mats, Knives, Tools, and all Gaiden Requisites. SEE NEW CATALOGUE. Laing's Begonia Seeds. Saved from specimen plants, including our novelties, and we can confidently assert that no seed offered by any other English or foreign house will bear any comparison whatever with our strain, which can be procured only in our sealed packets. Choice mixed, from single varieties, per pkt., IS. and Choice mixed, from single varieties, extra large . . . . per pkt. Choice mixed, from double varieties, per pkt., as. 6d., 3s. 6d,, and 12 choice named varieties, separate, per collection 6 choice named varieties, separate, per collection s. d. 7 6 SEE NEW CATALOGUE, Laing's Begonia Roots. Named varieties. Prices when selection is left to us :— s. d. 42 o 36 o 30 o 24 o iS o Singles. A collection, our best selection, doz. B „ „ very choice do. „ C „ „ choice do. ,, D ,, „ very good do, „ ^ 11 M good do. ,, F „ „ ordinary do. „ Doubles. P „ ourbestselectn.,ea. 7J.6*/. & 10 I R ,, our very choice do., doi. 63 » S ,, ,, choice do. „ 48 « T „ ,, very good do. „ 42 ^ Tubers of the above free by Parcels Post. SEE NEW CATALOGUE. Laing's Unnamed vars. Selection left to us. s. d G. co!., best to colour, smglcs .. at o H , , very choice do. . . ..180 J_ ,, best whites, distinct . . .. 15 o K „ choice do 13 o D.r%/«»»:n ^ " very good, selected to colour beeonia for bedding ., ..90 *-' M ,, best selected, per loo .. 43 o ,, bedding, best mixed, per 109 30 o n__j._ *J II do., mixed, per 100 .. .. 24 o nOUlSi }y .. very choice, di^inct, doubles 30 o ,, selected, in six colours .. 24 o ,. mixed do 18 o The above are superior to most of the named sorts, and the quality is quite unequalled by home or foreign growers. The tubers are large, and have been carefully selected by us when blooming last season. SEE NEW CATALOGUE. A very large and complete collection of indoor and outdoor Nursery Stock. Chrysanthemums. Our list is the most complete in the Trade. Dahlia Pot Roots. AH the leading sorts. Ciladium Roots. Our slock of these is the finest in the country. Carnations, Phlox, Pentstemons, and Pyre- thrums. Our well-known specialities. Roses. A large stock of Standards. Applies, Pears, Peaches, Nectarines, Cherries, Apricots, &c Many acres of well-grown, clean, and healthy trees. Our New SEED and PLANT CATALOGUE, with Order Sheet, has been posted to all Customers, Copies Free on AppUcaUon. \ The Nurseries, Forest Hill, London, S.E. January io, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 43 WEBBS' ' ^ UNIQUE Novelties JHE gECRET OF gUCCESS. The UDpre cede n ted success of Messrs. WEBBS" IiUro- ductioas in Vegetables and Flowers is no doubt owing, in a great measure, to the fact that, before being offered to the PubHc, they are invariably subjected to a series of crucial trials, with other first-class varieties, at their Kinver Seed Farms, — which are the largest in the Kingdom. By this means inferior varieties are discarded, and only those kinds that are of distinctive merit become absociatcd with Messrs. Webbs' name. PEA— Webbs' New Wordsley Wonder. The unparalleled qualities of this new Pea are verified by the numerous testimonials we have received in its favour from the principal authorities, ai, td. per pint, post-free. PEA— Webbs' New Stourbridge Marrow. A grand new second early Pea, suitable for exhibi- tion or general purposes, is. dd. per pint, post-free. BROAD BEAN— Webbs' Kinver IVIammoth LOngpOd. Exceedingly early, an enormous crop- per, and of excellent quality, u. per pint, post-free. BRUSSELS SPROUTS-Webbs' IVIatch- less. Early and robust, producing a profusion of compact sprouts, which are tender and of superior flavour, td. and \s. per packet, post-free. BROCCOLI-Webbs' New Autumn White A new and distinct kind, cf dwarf habit; very hardy, is. per packet, post-free. CABBAGE— Webbs' Emperor. A rapid grower, very hardy and early, with c'ose compact heads, dd. and is. per packet, post-free. CAULIFLOWER-Webbs' Early Mam- moth. A very compact variety, of exceptional merit, with large, firm, snowy-white heads. \s. 6d. per packet, post-free. CUCUMBER-Webbs' Perpetual Bearer. Very free bearing ; fruit uniformly handsome in shape and of large size. u. 6d. per pkt., post-free. LEEK-Webbs' New Colossal. A distinct and choice variety, of rapid growth and large size. is. per packet, post-free. LETTUCE-Webbs' New Wordsley Gem. A new extra early Cos variety, of grand flavour, is. per packet, post-free, MELON— Webbs' Pride ot Stourbridge, A scarlet -fleshed varietj'. of handsome shape and splendid quality, specially suitable for exh.bition. w. 6d. per packet. ONION- Webbs' Improved Banbury. Amost handsome kind, ofmild flavour; good keeper. 6d. per packet, post-free. TOMATO-Webbs' Early Dwarf Red. Very prolific, of large size, excellent in shape and quality, is. per packet, post-free. SAVE 20 PEE, CENT. Our exceptional position as the largest Seed Growers in the Kingdom enables us to offer our pure Stocks of Vegetable and Flower Seeds at very moderate prices, which, on comparison, will be found some twenty per cent, lower thaft those 0/ other Houses. 1 J (3£l_j ^1^ WEBBS' m^ SPEIl^a CATALOGUE Post-free la.— Gratis to Customers. WEBB & SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. SUTTON'S CHOICE NOVELTIES. .-.^^'^il \IM-.-\ SUTTONS' PRIZETAKER LEEK. The largest and best in cultivation ; thick, pure white, and of very mild and agreeable flavour. Per packet, is. 6d., post-free. " The Prizetaker Leek is very fine, the best we ever ^rew' In fact the whole of your seed always gives the greatest satisfaction."— Mr. J. E. Jones, Gardener to T. J. Provis. Esq., Elltsmere. The Finest Scarlet-fleshed Melon SUTTON'S SCARLET INVINCIBLE. Introduced by us last year, and has acquired a reputation unequalled by any other Melon known. Form somewhat globular ; skin orange-red, finely and evenly netted ; flesh thick, bright scarlet, and of exqusite flavour. On June 26, iSS-^, it was awarded a First-class Certificate by the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society. and in every competition we are acquainted with it has taken ist Prize. Per packet, la. 6d. and 2s. 6d., post-free. " Ascarlet-fleshedvarietyof the most distinct character and highest excellence." Gardeners' Magazine, June 30, 1883. SUTTON & SONS, Royal Berks Seed Establishment, READING. THE SATURDAY, JANUARY lo, 18S5. THE LATEST NOVELTIES. IN continuance of our remarks on the newly introduced plants of the last year (see p. 19) we have now to mention the Ferns, Lycopods, and Stove Plants. Ferns and Lycopods. Some good new Ferns have appeared during the past year, the majority of them of supposed hybrid origin. The finest is Gyranogramraa Lathamia:, which is be- lieved to be a hybrid between G. decom- posita and G. schizophylla. It forms an erect caudex, from which the fronds arch out in all directions ; they are oblong-lanceolate, about 2\ feet long, quadripinnate, with shortly stalked ascending obliquely-elongate triangular pinnae, and sessile deltoid pinnules, cut down to the rachis into small narrow segments, the larger of which are forked or trifid, and the smaller entire. The sori form short lines on the narrow segments, the spore-cases being embedded in a white waxy secretion. The stout stipes and rachis are bright chestnut-brown. It was raised in the Birmingham Botanic Garden, and is named after Mrs. Latham. Another fine Fern, also of hybrid origin, is of the Maidenhair race — Adiantum rhodophyllum— and is of a very ornamental character, on account of the rich colouring of its young fronds. The plant is evergreen, with triangular tripinnate fronds, the pinna: few, pinnate or bipinnate, the pinnules rhombeo-trapezoid, with inciso-lobate margins ; its aspect is intermediate between that of A. Victoria and the larger pinnuled forms of A. tenerum, and being of free growth, with a grace- fully curving contour, it makes a fine decora- tive Fern, the more so as all the young fronds come of a brilliant tint of rosy-purple, which lasts for a considerable time, and then passes through soft coppery shades until the full green hue is acquired. As the plants are continually making new growth, the colour effect is almost constant. A curiosity, and yet a pleasing variety, is found in another hybrid, which bears striking evidence of its origin— A. cuneatum defle.xum. It is A. cuneatum in all respects, except that its pinnules are defie.xed, so as to appear drooping, exactly as in A. Bausei, which is believed to be one of its parents. Another remarkable variety of this prolific species is A. cuneatum strictum, a variety remarkable for its erect spriggy, branchy habit of growth, quite unlike the spreading habit of the type ; it is a neat decorative Fern, so distinct in character as to be useful in grouping, but we know nothing of its origin. Adiantum Fergusoni, a curious abnormal looking Fern from Mr. Ferguson's greenhouse in Ceylon, has triangular-ovate tri- pinnate fronds, with the pinnules various in form, but requires to be better known before its true value and position can be determined. In Selaginella viridangula we have a climbing Club-moss of elegant character, much in the way of S. canaliculata and S. Willdenovii. The ultimate divisions of the pinns terminate in long quadrangular spikelets, which differ from those of S. Willdenovii in having the bracts I long and acuminate, instead of short and ovate. 44 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Qani'Ary 10, 1S85. It has been introduced from the South Sea Islands. Stove Plants. Commencing with the flowering division, we think the first place for beauty, combined with distinctness of character, belongs to the new Brazilian Amasonia punicea, a plant 'of the Verbenaceous order, and a near ally to Clero- dendron, for which a brilliant future may be predicted. It is of shrubby habit, with opposite oblong or elliptic-lanceolate serrated leaves, and large erect panicles of flowers, which have five- parted red calyces and tubular creamy-yellow corollas with projecting curved stamens — these flowers being accompanied by very persistent brilliant red bracts, from 2 to 4 inches long and ovate lance-shaped in form, which remain for many weeks on the plant, and add very much to its effectiveness. It ought to be a good subject for summer shows. To the same family belongs Clerodendron illustre, a fine, bold habited stove shrub, in the way of C. squama- tum, having glabrous, cordate, stalked, repandly- toothed leaves and large terminal panicles of brilliant scarlet flowers, the exserted stamens of which have vermilion filaments. These shrubby Clerodendrons were the glory of our summer shows some thirty or forty years since, and if the art of growing them success- fully has not departed with our old showmen, it is much to be desired that the introduction of this new species may be the means of again drawing the attention of exhibitors to their grand effect on the exhibition tables. In the Dichotrichum ternateum we have a showy stove plant of creeping habit, the hairy sterns rooting, like those of Ivy, against a damp wall ; it produces large, stalked, roundish-ovate hairy leaves, and axillary, long-stalked, umbellate corymbs of assurgent tubular scarlet flowers of great beauty. It is allied to yEschynanthus, and will be well suited, like the species of that showy family, for covering the back walls of plant stoves. Ipomcea Thomsoniana, briefly referred to previously as I. Horsfalliae alba, may be claimed for the present sketch on account of the rectifi- cation of its name ; it is a very charming stove climber, with much of the habit and aspect of I. Horsfallia:, but differs in its fleshy teinate leaves, which have stalked leaflets, as well as in its much larger pure white flowers, which are so freely produced as to render the plant one of a very ornamental character It was figured in these columns December 29, 18S3. The Suma- tran Rhododendron Curtisii proves to be one of the forms of R. multicolor, which, as the name imports, produces flowers of various colours. One of the prettiest flowering plants of the year is the supposed Central American Aphelandra Margaritae ; it is dwarf in habit, with cylindrical hairy stems, clothed with decussate elliptic leaves, furnished on the upper side with about half a dozen bars of white on each side the midrib, and terminated by a short terminal spike of bright orange or apricot coloured flowers, which issue from the axils of pectinate bracts. It is one of the neatest and most man- ageable of the species, and thoroughly distinct in colour. Bromeliads. As usual, some fine Bromeliaceous plants have come into notice. One of them, Bilbergia Sanderiana, a brilliant acquisition to the group, has long spinose leaves and nodding scapes, supporting elongate panicles of handsome flowers, which emerge, several together, from the axils of rosy-pink bracts, and consist indi- vidually of a greyish-green calyx tipped with blue, a corolla, which is green below, heavily tipped with deep blue, and yellow stamens. The plant, being an abundant bloomer, ranks high as a decorative object. Vriesea Duvaliana, a Brazilian species, which has a tuft of recurved green leaves tinted with purple, bears a long distichous spike of yellow flowers, emerging from keeled bracts, which are scarlet, tipped with green, and give the plant a very striking and ornamental aspect. Vriesea fenestralis is a very handsome plant of a totally different type, its beautifully tessellated leaves growing in a rosulate tuft, from the centre of which arises the erect elongated distichous spike of yellow flowers. The chief beauty of this species lies in the foliage, which is pale green, with crowded cross bars of a deeper green, the surface between the markings being in many parts white, like ivory. Another of this genus is Vriesea hiero- glyphica, a splendid plant, with large rosulate tufts of loriform smooth leaves, which are sud- denly contracted to a point, of a brilliant green, sometimes a bright yellow, marked with trans- verse irregular bands of deep green; these markings more or less broken up to form a close series of coloured arabesque or hiero- glyphical characters on the leaf surface. All these come from Brazil. Begonias. The genus Begonia has been augmented by a few handsome species, besides the grand florists' varieties of the tuberous section, the improve- ment of which has been rapid and striking beyond precedent. Thus Begonia Lubbersii is an ornamental sub-shrubby species, of branching habit, with cylindrical green stems, distichous, narrow oblong rhomboid peltate leaves, which are dark shining green, marked with irregular oblong white blotches, and axillary nodding cymes of large white flowers, which are tinged with green. It is of Brazilian origin, and was accidentally introduced to the Botanic Garden at Brussels attached to the stem of a Tree Fern. The Mexican Begonia Lyncheana, is a very beautiful plant, grown sometimes as B. Roezlii, but not the true plant so named. It has now been renamed, in honour of Mr. Lynch, of the Cambridge Botanic Gardens, by whom it has been very successfully grown and exhibited. It has tuberous rhizomes, tall thick fleshy branching stems, large oblique roundish-oblong ovate leaves, and bold axillary corymbiform panicles of bright scarlet flowers produced in the winter period. Bulbous Plants. Of this series there remains to notice a few stove bulbs of an interesting character. One of the most strikingly handsome is Crinum San- derianum from Sierra Leone, a distinct novelty, with small globose bulbs, ensiform leaves, and umbels of three or four sessile large ex- panded flowers with lanceolate perianth seg- ments, white with a conspicuous crimson band down the centre. Crinum leucophyllum from Damara-land is a fine bold plant of the asiati- cum type, with large ovoid bulbs, distichous lanceolate leaves, and lateral two-edged scapes bearing large umbels of thirty to forty flowers, which have very long tubes, and narrow linear spreading segments of a blush-white colour, the outer surface being of a deeper rose tint. Cri- num zeylanicum radicatum is a dwarf compact- growing and very floriferous bulb from Zanzibar, with small long-necked bulbs, ensiform ciliated leaves, and umbels of four green-tubed white flowers which are marked by a red central band, and have declinate stamens. HiTjmanthus Katherin.'c is a noble species from Natal, and would probably succeed in a warm greenhouse. It has elliptic-oblong acute leaves whose stalks are sheathed so as to form a kind of cylindra- ceous stem, and the cotemporary scape supports a globose umbel of scarlet flowers. Hymeno- callis eucharidifolia is a fine South American species, with large bright green leaves, and umbels of four or five flowers, which have a green tube, white linear perianth-segments, and a funnel-shaped white corona, with two marginal teeth between each pair of stamens. In Ismene Andreana we have a handsome new bulb of distinct character, and probably only 1 requiring greenhouse treatment. It comes from the Andes of Ecuador, and has bulbs of considerable size, producing several glabrous linear cotemporary leaves, and solitary flowers, of which the perianth is white, with lance- shaped undulated segments, and the corona broadly funnel-shaped, white, with a green band opposite each sinus, from the top of which a white filament with its anther is projected inwards. We are glad to see that the fine race of bulbous plants is again attracting the notice of cultivators, since, though long neglected, it comprises some of the grandest and gayest of flowers. Miscellaneous Plants. Of another type is the Sagittaria monte- vidensis, a rnost charming tropical aquatic. This plant has a tuberous rootstock, hastate leaves, and panicles of white flowers having at the base of each of the three petals an ovate spot of a rich brown bordered with yellow. This will be quite an acquisition for the aquarium. In the tropical East African Streptocarpus Kirkii we have a distinct type of that interesting genus of Gesnerads ; it is an elegant little plant, with erect leafy stems 4 to 6 inches high, which are furnished with opposite ovate cordate leaves, and slender dichotomous cymes of curved tubulose-cam- panulate flowers of a pretty bright lilac colour ; it is quite different in its style and habit from the more familiar species of Streptocarpus, and will be a neat little subject for a pet plant. Kalanchoc farinacea, a Crassulaceous succu- lent from the island of Socotra, appears to be a handsome plant, of erect habit, with fleshy stems, orbicular-spathulate leaves, and terminal umbellate panicles of scarlet flowers, the whole plant, saving the flowers, covered with a white mealy powder, which gives it a greyish hue. Bomarea Kalbreyeri represents one of the beautiful climbing Alstromerias, which have latterly come more prominently into notice, owing to the introduction of several fine new species. The present is a free growing climber, bearing large terminal umbels of flowers, of which the outer segments are brick-red, and the longer inner ones orange-yellow, spotted with red. It came from New Grenada. Foliage Plants. In the section of Fine-foliage Plants we have less novelty to record than usual, the run upon these subjects having apparently somewhat abated ; but there are, nevertheless, a few good things worth notice. Alocasia Sanderiana is certainly one of the finest of the metallic-leaved Arads, strikingly distinct, and remarkably effective. It comes froin the Eastern Archi- pelago, has tuberous rootstocks, brownish-green, striately mottled erect petioles, and large deflexed leaf-blades, which are peltately affixed, glossy, arrow-shaped, with three lateral lobes on each side, the surface green, with metallic- blue reflections, and the midrib and margin ivory-white. Dieffenbachia Jenmanni, a species lately imported from British Guiana, is one of the most elegant of its family. It is dwarfish in habit, with long narrow oblong - lanceolate leaves, of a bright green, marked with oblique elongate white blotches parallel with the pri- mary veins, and extending in broken lines from the costa nearly to the margin, these being mingled with smaller spots and blotches scat- tered over the whole of the leaf surface. We believe it will prove very useful as a decorative plant of this class, not being so unwieldy as many of them are, and at the same time being elegant both in its form and marking. Begonia sceptrum, from Brazil, is a handsome species of novel character, with obliquely ovate leaves, which are cut on one side into deep blunt lobes ; the raised spaces between the sunken veins are marked with large blotches January io, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 45 mixed up with smaller spots of silvery-grey, and have a very pretty and distinct appearance. The Ka;mpferia ornata, recently discovered in Borneo, is an effective plant, about a foot high, throwing up a mass of stalked leaves, which are narrowly lanceolate, dark green at the edges, with a distantly serrated silvery-grey band up the centre, the under-surface of a dull reddish-purple. The flowers are yellow, but the chief interest of the plant will be in its foliage, which has nothing of coarseness about it. Aroids. Some very fine Alocasias and other fine- foliage plants were brought iorward at the St. Petersburg Exhibition. They include Alocasia true, more elongated in form. The flesh is 6im, yellow, and of good flavour, and as Mr. Bull received the fruit direct from California, whence it arrived in good condition, nothing further need be said as to its qualifications as a traveller. The tree was introduced from Japan to California in 1871. According to the Pacific Rural Press, the tree is very prolific, and Messrs. Hammon & Co., of Oakland, who have pro- pagated it, claim for it these merits : — " I. Its wonderful productiveness is unsurpassed by any other Plum, either native or foreign. 2. It comes into bearing at the age of two to three years, and con- tinues with great regularity, blossoms frequently appear- ing on yearling trees. 3. The fruit is of very large size, being from 7 to 9 inches in circumference, and specimens weighing 6\ o/.. each, and it has a remarkably small pit. 4, It is very attractive in appearance, being of a rich made leaves the size of a half-crown piece ; but on account of their having sprouted lale in the season, and our not being acquainted with the true nature of the plants, they both died in November ol the same year. From that time several attempts were made to in- troduce it, both by roots and seeds, but none suc- ceeded till January, 1S49, when seeds were received, sent in a phial of water from Demerara, by Dr. Boughton, which vegetated, and in March six plants had become fully established and grew rapidly, occupying shallow water-tubs, succsssively increasing in size, the last being 9 feet in diameter, which was occupied by one plant. Applications were now made to the Commissioner of Works for a large tank to grow it in ; in the mean- time advantage was taken of the heated slate floor of Fig. 9. — NEW JAPAN PLUM, imperialis, figured in the last number of the Illustration Horticole, and A. regina ; these rank amongst the best new plants of the year. Philodendron Regelianum, in the way of P. crinipes, and Pothos Enderiana, remarkable for its black-green foliage, are also well spoken of All of them are Bomean plants. The remarkable Arisjema fimbriatum was recently figured in these columns (p. 680, Nov. 29, 1884), and is at this moment in bloom in M. Bull's Nursery. T. Moore. {To be continued,) JAPAN PLUM. The Plum of which we give an illustration (fig, 9), from the pencil of Mr. Fitch, was exhibited before the Fruit Committee on October 14 last, by Mr. Bull. The fruits attracted much attention, being much more like Nectarines in colour than Plums, though, it is yellow nearly overspread with a bright red, with a lovely bloom. It is heart-shaped. It ripens from first to last of September, at a most favourable time for harvesting and marketing the crop, the larger part of the Plum crop being gone. 5. It is of superb quality, melting, rich, and juicy ; in fact, to some tastes, at least, has a more satisfying flavour than any other Plum. For cooking, jelly, or preserving in any manner it has no equal. Its large size renders the paring of the fruit as practicable as in the Peach, which is quite a novelty in the line, and e.\- eels all other canning Plums. As a dried fruit it is destined to take the lead, equal to if not surpassing the best dried Prunes or Peaches for drying results. " VICTORIA REGIA. In August, 1846, seeds of this remarkable water- plant, of which an illustration was given in your last number, were first sent to this country by Mr. Thomas Bridges, a plant collector, who discovered it in Bolivia. Two of these seeds were purchased for Kew, at a guinea each, both of which vegetated and No. 6, and it was formed into a tank by fixing slate sides 2 feet deep, thus forming a tank 25 feet long by II feet wide ; and on the 21st of August a heap of soil was placed in the centre and the first plant was planted. It grew rapidly, and on November 24 pro- duced a flower-bud, which, on account of the dull weather at that season of the year, did not come to perfection, and during the winter it dwindled and died. Sir W. Hooker promised a plant to the Duke of Devonshire, provided he would have a tank made for it, which he did, and on August 3, 1849, Mr. Paxton called early one morning and took our second-sized plant, which I had carefully packed ready for him, and the next day it was to be seen in the Chatsworth tank. It thus had three weeks start of the Kew plant. It flowered on November I, and thus Chatsworth got the credit of being the first to flower it in this country. [An illustration of this flower appeared in our columns, with a full history of the plant, on November 24, 1X49. Ed.] Having pre- served plants through the winter of the previous year's 46 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [January io, x88s. raising, one was put in the Kew tank nn April i6, 1850, which produced its first flower on Jjne 20, and continued to produce a flower almost every alternate day up to the end of 0;lober. Afier that they became fewer, and it produced its last flower on Chiislnns day. The leaves were 4J feet in diameter, and, lying nearly half over the sides of the tank, mide it difficult for visitors to pass; the widih of the tank, 11 feet, being much too narrow. The nature of the plant being now belter understood it was preserved throughout the winter, and in the spring it grew vigorously, its first flower opening on Easter Monday, April 20, 1851. It continued to flower, but with some intervals, up to the end of December. The plant again lived throughout the winter, and on February 28, 1S52, again com- menced to flower, and continued to do so till late in the year. In January, 1S52, it died, having been nearly three years in the tank. During that time it pro- duced more than 200 flowers, and a great abundance of seeds, thus proving the plant to be a perennial. This house, No. 6, continued to be the Victoria-house for several years, and no house was more enquired for by visitors to the gardens than it. Although the plants grew and flowered very well, I he tank was much too small. A new house for aquatic plants was planned. It was a low span-roofed house," 100 feet in length and 40 feet in width, with two tanks, one for the Victoria and one for the Water Lilies and other aquatics. The site chosen was near the Succulent- house. This plan was, however, not approved, and the Commissioner of Works placed the matter in the hands of the district surveyor, which resulted in the house near the Palm-house being erected. It is a building 44 feet square, with an entrance porch, the stone basement being of an ornamental character, supporting glazed sides, 6 feet high. It has a straight span-roof, the rafters and side supports being of iron. The centre area of the house is occupied by a circular tank, 36 feet in diameler, and one small triangular lank in each corner; all are edged with a smooth stone kerb and stone paths, and heated by four rows of 4-inch pipes fixed round the sides of the building. To save a chimney it was heated by one of the twelve original boilers of the Palm- house. The water often came into the receiving tank (200 feet distant) boiling, filling the porch full of steam, thus showing the great power of Burbige & Healey's ribbed boilers. Thus the atmosphere and the water in the tanks in the house were well heated, and although the influence of the exposed iron pipes, rafters, and up- rights, and massive stone-work, and high glazed sides, formed a very different atmosphere from that enjoyed by the Victoria in its native lagoons, surrounded by tropical vegetation, nevertheless the Victoria plant succeeded well during the nine years it was under my charge, producing leaves 6 feet in diameter, with firm turned-up edges, and flowering regularly ; but the house being very cold in winter, the plants were aljowed to die. J. Smith, ex-Curalor, Royal Gardens, AeiVt DESTRUCTION OF THE HOLT ELM. DuRi.NT, my visit to Wiltshire last autumn I was driven by the Rev. E. L. Barnwell, of Melksham, to see Ihe wonderful Elm on Holt Common. I then secured some notes, hoping to soon lay them belore the readers of the Gardcnery Chronicle. I now learn that during the gale of December 20 the tree was blown down. During the heavy northeasterly gale this truly magnificent Elm was uprooted, doing considerable damage in its fall. The accident, which narrowly escaped proving fatal, happened at about 9 o clock. The first indications of the tree's approach- ing downfall were perceived by a woman who lived opposite the village green. She heard a noise of creaking timber, and thinking that serious conse- quences might result, ran upstairs, seized her child who was m bed, threw it over the hedge at the back of the house, and then crept through the hedge her- self. No sooner were the two safely away than the ponderous tree came down with a deafening crash and, falling on the house just vacated, crushed the top part of It, breaking the bedstead from which the child had just been taken into matchwood, and com- pletely wrecking Ihe house. The tree stood on the village green, and occupied nearly an acre of land. The girth, says Ihe local press, was between 40 and 50 feet. The Rev. H. H. Muitlty, the vicar of Holt, measured the tree very carefully for me on October 31 last, and he reported Ihe ginh to be, at 5 feet from the ground, 24 feet S inches exactly. It was about 150 feet high. Many of the branches were larger than ordinary-sized trees, and some years ago it was thought necessary for the safety of the public to chain and prop up the limbs. It contained many tons of timber. The Holt Elm was one of the sights of Wiltshire, and nearly every visitor to that pait of the country paid it a visit. It is difficult to fix the age of Ihe tree, but there is no doubt that it had withstood for centuries the blast of ihe storm. W, C. i>. and May, which fully explains the character of the weather throughout the country during that period, and if considered in connection with this subject are very valuable and conclusive. PsKtENT.'.uEi OF THE FkI IT CROli. At-.. i:trict. Cli. Per cert. 53 THE FRUIT CROrS IN 18S4. The past year was so remarkable and exceptional as regards the fruit crops, that I venture to send you a few statistics showing their actual and relative condition ; also a few observations on the weather gleaned from various sources bearing on the subject, which I trust will be interesting to the readers of the Gardeners^ Chronicle, and of some value for future reference. The figures in the accompanying tables have been obtained by calculations made from the reports given in the Gardeners' Chronicle of August 2, and are intended to show an actual and comparative result of the crops in the respective divisions as there arranged, also a general summary of their condition throughout the British Isles. Where the crops are there de- scribed as over average, full, excellent, heavy, abund- ant, or plentiful, they are here classed as "over" average ; where there described as average, good, or fair they are here classed as '' average ; " and where there described as under average, partial, light, infeiior, bad, moderate, or scarce they are here classed *' under " average. In preparing these tables my object has been to show at a glance the actual and comparative state of the fruit crops, also to produce a simple and conve- nient means for reference and comparison in future years. I have also collated a few observations on the weather made by different observers in various parts of the country during the spring months. They consist chiefly of temperatures recorded during the critical period of flowering, and are without comment or further cause quite sufficient of themselves to account for the scarcity of unprotected fruits. In addition, I have appended a report on the weather by Mr. Glaisher for Ihe three months— March, April, } • Di Midland Webtern Southern Scotland Northern 26 Ireland Wales Channel I:5Und P.'iniis. Ireland Channel Inlands .. Wales Scotland Southern t astern Western Midland Northern .. Pea,:. District. Ftr cent. Channel Iblaiids .. ..75 houihcrn , . . , . , 10 Northern 7 Wts:crn 5 Midland 4 Scotland . . . . . . J Faslern .. ., ) Wales . . I o lieland .. .. \ ., Western 76 Ireland jo Scotland 69 Eastern 55 Northern .. .. 53 Midland .51 Channel Islat ds .. ., 10 Wnles ^4 Southern . , . . • • 39 Peaches and Na tarines. Eastern 73 Southern ,. .. .. 63 Western .. . . n? Channel Uland: Sccllaud .. .. A Northern .. Western .. .. '^03 Wales Channel hland, . . ) Midland .. .. ..58 Southern . . , , 1 Ireland ., .. J 9° Eastern fo Sira wi- Northern .. Midland Wales Ireland Scotland Eastern Wesltrn Southern Channel Ii!andi Nnti. Midland 38 Ireland Wales Northern Scotland 30 Western 76 Channel Islands 75 Midland 41 Ireland 40 Wales 33 Eastern . , . . . . 30 Northern 26 Southern . . . . 14 Scotland n Midland .. Eastern Southern Western Wales Ireland Northern ., Scotland Channel Islands ,. AH Fruits. Western Channel Islands . . Midland Eastern Southern Ireland Scotland Wales Northern . . 95 £8 5i 4' 56 53 49 4« 39 38 The table of averages will, I ihink, be sufliciently clear, without much explanation. It is based on the tabulated reports given in the Ganie/icn' ChronUlc on August 2. The first column specifies the district, the AVERAGES OF THE KRUIT CROP?, 18S4. - ._.. 0 . District. sg E ^ 1 I Averages. Z a < ( ■'' 1 Over 7 3 1 Scotland Average 6 7 ( Under 29 32 Ekgland— 1 Over 0 0 Northern District " ■( Aveiage Under 4 0 IS -S3 a a < 2 2 0 0 6 4 I 3» 3^ 41 23 21 ■9 ■9 0 2 7 6 Midland ^•) Ovtr Aveiage Under Over Eastern :o Average Under Over Southern 4' Average Under Over W.btcrn 2[ Average Under Over WA1.BS 9 Average Under Over IRIILAND Avij.i(;e Under Ov,.r Channel IbLA^D 4 Aver.it;e Under Over Summary 311 Average Under = 9 6 9 1 63 2 87 39 928 0 ■3 I jS M S4 7 73 ■ g >;■) ■ J ■' 4 0 '5 JO 7j 10 9J I !o ■e 116 »4 2 3 2 4J I4> i3 49 30 49 If 99 91 93 It !9( 107 ro3 57 57* 10 10 '43 1079 January lo, 1SS5.] THE QARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 47 second thenumber of stations from which reports were •sent, the Ihird the three degrees of quality under which the returns for the respective fruits have been classed ; the other columns show the proportionate values of the respective fruit crops. Having already explained under which head I have classed the varied expres- sions used in the returns to express the quantity or quality of the crops, I would here say that in those few instances where no returns were made for any particular fruit they have been classed here as "under" average, as being ihe least liable to error. Tossibly this table may be o|ien to some objections, but these I venture to hope will not seriously aH'ect its accuracy as a ready means of ascertaining at least an approxi- mate idea of the actual and relative quantity and value of the respective crops. The right-hand column gives the total number of reports made on all fruits from each district, while the figures at the base show the summary of averages of the respective fruits at the aggregate stations. The second series of tables is intended to show the percentage of each crop. In calculating these the " over " and " average " crops have been added together, and the percentage then taken from the whole returns : for example, in Scot- land there are in Apricots seven "over" and six "average," which added together make thirteen, and thirteen in forty-two equal thirty-one per cent. These two quantities have been added together, so as to obtain as nearly as possible the numbers of what may be called good crops. In each table the district in which the best results occur have been placed first, so as to be more convenient for comparison. Genekal Results. Some of the results as tabulated are very striking, and show most plainly how great and general the failure was in respect to some fruits. Apricots, Veaches, and Nectarines, or what may be termed the tender wall fruits, do not appear to have suffered so severely as the hardier kinds ; this result may per- haps be best accounted for in two ways : first, by their having safely passed the most sensitive period of fertilisation before the most severe weather occurred ; and, second, from the fact that they were more gene- rally protected artificially from the destructive frosts which occurred in the middle of April for several nights in succession, when nearly all the blossom and young fruit on unprotected trees was destroyed. Apricots show somewhat the best results in the Eastern, Midland, and Western divisions ; the Southern, Scotland, and Northern show but very moderate results, while in Ireland, Wales, and the Channel Islands, they appear to have been a com- parative failure. This failure, however, does not appear, judging from the weather reports from those districts, to have been caused so much by severe frosts as by the unusually hot and dry weather which prevailed during the late spring months causing the young fruit to shrivel and drop. Pr,:i}is may be described as a total failure through- out England, not a single return of "over," and only one "average," result being returned from either the Midland, Western, or Eastern Counties, while from the Northern it was even less favourable. In Wales, Scotland, and the Channel Islands, the returns were somewhat better, while in Ireland very fair results were obtained. The mean percentage, however, was exceedingly low, being only fourteen. Cherries show, with the exception of small fruits and Strawberries, the best average of any fruit. The Western district appears to have been the mo£t favoured, showing the respectable average of 76 per cent. In Ireland and Scotland the returns are also good, while in the English counties and in Wales they are moderately so. Peaches and Nectai-ines in the Eastern district show a good result ; in the other English counties, except the Northern, the returns were fair, while in Ireland, Wales, Scotland, and the Northern Coun- ties, they were but moderate. Apples^ on the whole, may be called only a moderate crop ; while the Western district and the Channel Islands show a good percentage, the other districts give but very moderate averages, and that of Scotland is exceedingly poor. In the latter country, as also in the Northern and Eastern districts, not a single return of "over" average was given; the same remark also applies to Ireland, Wales, and the Channel Islands. Pears appear to have sutiered more than any other fruit. There is not a single return of " over " aver- age from any station ; and from the Eastern Coun- ties, also from Ireland and Wales, there is not even an "avernge" return. With the exception of the Channel Islands, the Tear crop was perhaps the worst that has occurred generally within the last half a cjntury. Small Pruifi were, with very few exceptions, abundant everywhere, From Scotland, also from I he Northern and Western Counties, as well as Wales, there was nnt a single " under " average return made ; in the Midlands and in Ireland, only one each ; and in the Southern only four, while the general average is 95 per cent. Sfriuvl-errics were also plentiful everywhere, the Northern, Midland, as well as Wales and Ireland, having no return "under" average. The Eastern, Western, and the (. hannel Isles, only one each ; Scotland two, and the Southern Counties five. A'ltfs appear to have been only a moderate crop in the Midland and Eastern Counties, and more espe- cially so in all other districts. .■/// Fruits. — The Western Counties obtain the premier position, showing the best general average for all kinds of fruit, beating the Channel Isles, while the Midland and Eastern districts, although next in order of merit, are much lower down the scale. The Southern Counties, being equal with Ireland, are next in succession. Then appears Scotland, 5 per cent. lower in the scale, closely followed by Wales and the bleak Northerns, (/>) /'f co/iliiiucd.) rORANA PANICULATA. Tins fine climber is seldom heard of in Europe, It is now in full bloom here, and a most charming thing it is. It is a twining plant of the family of the Convolvulace.->:. Besides the twining branches, it gives ofl, on a level with the ground, long straight shoots, which have 'no tendency to twine, but root readily in favourable places. This is a common feature in various perennial Convolvu- lace^e. The largest leaves of this Porana are about 5 inches across, aad have a rather rough surface. The stems and small leaves are covered with a greyish down. Single panicles are frequently a foot long and 4 inches across, but often terminal compound panicles are 3 and 4 feet long. The flowers are of the purest white, a quarter of an inch across, and bell-shaped, with a yellowish tube, and sweet- scented. The beauty of the inflorescence consists in the panicles having most of the flowers open at once, from tip to base, so that the climber is covered with pure white minute bells m cloud-like masses, with here and there long and gracefully droop- ing panicles. Fine as this plant is in the open, when in full bloom, either by sun or moonlight, it is unsur- passed by any other for internal decoration. It is on dining tables, in hanging baskets, and on stands, wiih a long panicle entwined round their stems, that it should be seen. The colours which best suit this fluffy white mass of florets are a brilliant crimson, with some delicate green foliage. Once, at a private dinner party, in Lucknow, I saw both drawing and dining roots decorated with this fine thing. The dining-room was separated from the drawing- loom by Saracenic arches, with curtains drawn across them. From the tops of the arches hung baskets with the charming Porana panicles drooping carelessly out of them, and inter- spersed with crimson and green. In one corner was a flower-stand with the same elements, and with a long panicle neatly entwined round its stem. On the dining- table were three crystal long - stemmed epergnes, decorated with these milk-white masses of liny flowers, single crimson Roses, and Maidenhair Fein. The specimen glasses all round the table were en cosfii??iCf and similarly got up. As dinner was announced, the curtains drawn, and the gues's walked into the dining-room, they exclaimed, " How lovely I " and it was a truly lovely combination of forms and colours — exquisite through their very sim- plicity. The Porana paniculata flowers in November, when there is little else in the way of flowers. It ought to do well in a cool-house in England, as it stands a moderate degree of frost. Here it is at its best, rambling in its own way among and over bushes, or running up the sunny side of some dark-foliaged liee. Ihaveneversecn it seed, and I know several other perennial Convolvulacere which do not seed. In lieu of teed, they produce immense straight stems along llie ground, which root at the joints. Every juint acts as a seed, and probably this is the reason why, in the struggle for existence, such plants had no need ctf seed to keep them from exlinctioD. E, Bonavia. M.D., Etaivah, NOTES ON THE CULTIVATED ASTERS.— VII. {Continited frcut p. 13) SunGENU^ II. Calliastrum. — Diifers from Euaster only by its narrower achenes, more rigid pappus-bristles, and fewer and larger heads of floweis. j2. -7. Amellus, Linn, A. amelloides, Roeni. A. pseudo-amellus, DC, non Hook, fil. A. tinctorius, \\ allr. A. bessarabicus, Bernb. A. ibericus, Sler. — Stems I — i^ foot long, erect, hairy, bearing a few corymbose lioads. Leaves numerous, growing gradu- .illy sni.'illcr from the lower part of the stem to the upper, firm in texture, scabrous beneath, the lower ones oblong, about i inch broad, entire or obscurely ser- rated, tapering gradually into a short petiole, the upper sessile and oblong-lanceolate. Involucre broadly cam- panulatc, \ inch in diameter, not much imbricated, the bracts oblanceolate, obtuse, with largo foliaceous spread- ing tips, the outer not much shorter than the inner. Ligulcs about thirty, bright lilac, \ inch long. Achcne oblanceolate, compressed, hispid, ^ inch long ; pappus of very numerous pale red bristles of firm texture, \ inch long. Widely spread through Central and Eastern Europe, and extending to Armenia and the Caucasus, A. bessarabicus and ibericus are fine varieties, with larger heads than in the type. The closely-allied West Himalayan A. pseudo-amellus. Hook, fil., ditTers mainly by its very large outer involucral bracts, which exceed the inner in length. ^l- A. spccdibilis. Ait.; Lindl., in Eot. Heg., t. 1527. A. elegans, Willd. A. speciosus, Hornem. — Stems 1 — i-l foot long, erect, slightly hairy towards the top, bearing a few heads arranged corymbosely. Leaves smooth, moderately firm in texture ; lower oblong I — 12 inch broad, entire or obscurely serrated, narrowed gradually into a short petiole ; upper distant, oblong or lanceolate, sessile, amplexicaul. Involucre campanu- late, h inch in diameter, well imbricated ; bracts in several rows, lanceolate, with very distinct, squarrose, foliaceous tips. Ligules 20 — 30, bright lilac, \ inch long. Achene narrow, slightly pubescent, \ inch long ; pappus copious, moderately firm, reddish-white. \ inch long. Sandy soil near the coast, Massachusetts to Dela- ware. 34. A. iurculoswi, Michx. — Closely allied to the last, but with a long trailing underground roolstock. Stems slender, erect, I — i foot long, bearing a few coymbose heads. Lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, or obscurely serrated, narrowed into a petiole, which is sometimes as long as the blade ; upper sessile, lanceo- late, amplexicaule. Involucre campanulate, ^ — h inch in diameter ; bracts in several rows, all with distinct, squarrose, green lips, of firm texture. Ligules about twenty, bright lilac, \ inch long. Achene slender, hairy, ^ inch long ; pappus dirty-white, flexuose, twice as long as li.e achene. Coast of New Jersey southward to Georgia, and abundant on the Blue Ridge Mountains in North and South Carolina. 35. A. silnricia, Linn, A. montanus, Richardson. A. Richardsonii, Spreng. A. espenbergensis. Nets. A. Prescottii, Lindl.— Stems pubescent, varying in length from a few inches to 1^ foot. Stem-leaves oblong- lanceolate, sessile, acute, sharply serrated, the lower I inch bread. Heads few, arranged corymbosely, some- times in the dwarf mountain forms solitary. Involucre bro.idly cnmpanulate, \ inch in diameter ; bracts in few rows, all with large erect green pilose leafy points. Ligules about twenty, lilac, ^ inch long, Achene slender, pilose, i in long ; pappus dirty-white or reddish, mode- rately firm in texture, rather longer than the achene. A widely diff'used species of boreal geographical type. It occurs in Lapland and stretches through Siberia lo Arctic America, and southward along Ihe Rocky Mountains to Wyoming and Montana. 36. A. Raduhi, Ait. A. nudiflorus, Nutt, — Stems slender, erect, 2—3 feet long, slightly hairy towards the top. Stem leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrated, thin in texture, scabrous, the lower 3 — 4 inches long, about i incli broad. Heads few, arranged In a lax corymb. Involucre broadly campanu- late, \ inch in diameter, well imbricated ; bracts with short obtuse, rather spreading, green leafy tips, Ligules about twenty, bright lilac, \ inch long, Achene cylin- drical, glabrous, \ inch long ; pappus pale red, firm in texture, rather longer than the achene. Delaware to Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, and thence northward to Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Libradoi. A. stiictuSf Pursh. (A. bifloius, Michx.), 48 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January io, 1885. is a dwarf mourtain vaiiety, closely resembling forms of the precediDg. 37. A. Curiisti, Torrey and Gray. — Stems 2—3 feet, long, slightly hairy upwards. Lower leaves oblong, acute, sharply serrated, r^ inch broad, narrowed sud- denly to a long petiole ; stem-leaves sessile, lanceolate. Heads few, arranged in a very lax deltoid panicle. Involucre broadly campanulate, \ — ^ inch diameter ; bracts in several rows, furnished with large spreading green tips, of lirm texture. Ligules thirty, bright lilac, I inch long. Achenes compressed, oblanceolate, glabrous ; pappus dirty white or pale reddish, I inch long. Alleghanies of North Carolina and Tennesee, in dry soil on the margin of woods. A fine species for garden purposes. 38. A. f/eiveyi, A. Gray. Biotia comniixta, DC Eurybia commixta, Xees.— Stems slender, erect, 2—3 feet long, slightly hairy towards the top. Root-leaves and lower stem-leaves distinctly petioled, oblong, acute, finely serrated, rj— 2 inches broad, narrowed suddenly at the base ; upper slem-leaves lanceolate, sessile. Heads few, arranged in a lax corymbose panicle. Invo- lucre campanulate, j inch diameter, well imbricated ; bracts all with small deltoid erect green tips. Ligules about twenty, linear, lilac. J inch long. Achene slender, hairy, ^ inch long ; pappus dirty white, flexuose, twice as long as the achene. Massachusetts and Rhode Island. A very rare species, suspected by Dr. Gray to be a hybrid between spectabilis and macrophyllus. At any rate, it con- nects this subgenus with the next. J. G. Baker. (To be continued.) MANURES. Time was when, with few exceptions, manure was looited on simply as manure, and provided it was of a sufficiently potent nature to be visibly effective in the increased development of some or other of the parts of the plants to which it was applied, it was considered sufficient, and all that was required. Manures of the commonest kind, rich in ammonia, and consequently conducive to the promotion of leaf- growth, were often supposed as all that was neces- sary ; and unfortunately it may be set down as a certainty that too much of this happy-go-lucky sort of proceeding is still followed with many of the ordinary garden crops — fruits, as well as common vegetables. This especially applies to the host of amateur gar- deners, and to the doings of the so-called gardeners who are intrusted with the management of the smaller run of gardens ; not but that such mistakes are often to be seen where better things might be looked for. Yet, that the majority of cultivated plants are not only benefited by, but absolutely require more variety in the food supplied to them than has hitherto been generally supposed necessary, is exemplified by the marked results that invariably follow a mixed diet in the shape of different kinds of manure, when these are applied with judgment — that is, with sufficient knowledge of the requirements of the particular kind of plant to be dealt with. Amongst those engaged in the cultivation o( garden produce there are fev/, if any, whose practice goes so far to confirm this as that of the leading market gardeners in the different things they cultivate. Pot- plants, Grapes, and culinary vegetables, in their hands, alike show what can be done by the use of different manures. The extraordinary growth and profusion of flowers present in plants grown in pots small out of all proportion to the plants they hold — such as may be seen in thousands in any of the lead- ing market gardens— and the astonishing weight of highly- finished Grapes which Vines under their management annually produce, are conclusive evi- dence of what can be done by the use of different manures, each rich in some or other of the various elements required to give the highest results attain- able with the plants and fruits in question. It is scarcely necessary to point to the practice named as being diametrically different to the course often followed with vegetable crops in old gardens, where for a generation or more nothing has been done but the annual application of stable manure, with possibly the occasional addition of vegetable mould in some shape or other, and with Vines that have had their roots for an indefinite lime in borders with nothing to assist them beyond a repetition of the same manure, in which horse-droppings are all but the sole ingredient. Not that there is room to find fault with this well-proved lertiliser, that has the further merit of being readily obtained and easily applied, but it does not alone contain all the elements required to reach the highest standard in the cultiva- tion of the plants under notice, particularly in soil that has been, with little change, long under the same kind of crop. The highest results attainable in the cultivation of the various plants here noticed, and of most others, can only be reached by providing them with mixed food, varied according to the requirements of the different things to be grown, and still further regulated by the nature of the particular soil with which the cultivator has to deal. This is a subject which young gardeners who feel an interest in the advancement of the pursuit would do well to direct their attention to. The great body of those engaged in agriculture in this country have long been taunted with groping their way, rather than making acquaintance with sound practice. But the schoolmaster, in the shape of the experimental chemist, is now abroad in earnest, and there is abundant evidence that the intelligent portion of those who cultivate the broad acres have their eyes wide open to receive the lessons taught and put them in practice. Gardeners collectively would do well to avail themselves of the teaching, which, taken in a broader sense, is equally applicable to the crops they cultivate. T. B. PERIGORD PIE, TRUE FALSE. AND A YEAR or two ago we showed in the Gardener::' Chroniclt how, after a microscopic examination of riG. 10. — >, TnUB, AND B, F.\Lbt TRUFILE SPORES. numerous samples, it could be seen of what vile com- pounds Mushroom ketchup is often made, and how very innocent it too frequently is of all connection with pasture Mushrooms. We have also shown how in a few moments London publicans can make artificial "fungus," or false Zasmidium cellare, out of soot, cobwebs, and sawdust, wherewith to garnish their bottles of "prime old port," five minutes in bottle. Most of the readers of this paper know what Peri- gord pie is ; it is often termed /f the true browns, the type is brunneus, Vandyke- brown. Coll'eatus, like roasted cotfee, is very similar. Ligneo-brunneus is a lighter or wood-brown. The appaiently extinct A. (Lepiota) Paullctii is described by Fries as colore '"'' dc }ioisctU,'^ which must mean a light nut-brown or hazel. Umbrinus is a dark brown, brown umber, the colour of a " brown " horse ; indeed, the scale of colours used in describing horses, from dun through chestnut, bay, and brown to black, shows how, in ordinary language, the name of a colour is always taken as of a very extensive connota- tion, because it is hard to decide where one colour ends and another begins. R EDS. We now come to the reds and their varie- ties. The palest is carneus, with carneolus and incarnatus, flesh-coloured. Ilysginus is a more dis- tinctly red flesh-colour, Rosens and rosaceus imply a rosy-pink ; rosellus seems to mean inclined to pink. Jan-uary 10, 1S85.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 5r There musl be some difference between the shades of scarlet or vermilion distinguished as cinnabarinus and miniatus, because each is compounded with the other as cinnabarino-miniatus, but I have not suceeded in finding out what the diflerence is. Coccineus, co- chineal red, is a deeper scarlet, carmine. Sanguineus, blood-red, is nearly similar. Rufus, ruber, and russus are less pure reds. Rubescens is merely becoming red. Rubellus, rufidulus, and rutulus are reddish. Rubens is a brick-red ; rutilus, rutilans a purplish brick-red. \'inaceus is reddish rather than claret-coloured, but it does not seem to be ever used in descriptions. Less pure reds are castaneus, chestnut ; fetiugineus and rubiginosus, rust-red ; and puniceus, which is an almost purple red. 13LUES .■^re so rare among fungi that very few names are required (or them. Cicruleus is a pale blue, azure ; ccerulescens is becoming blue. Azuteus, luzulinus, and cyaneus are rather ultramarine. Cya- nellus is almost sky-blue. Purputeus is a bluish- puiple ; violaceus, violet, is a reddish-purple ; lilaci- nus is lilac or mauve. lanthinus and ionides alike refer to a violet colour. Porphyroleucus should mean purplish-white, but A. (Tricholoma) porphy- roleucus, Bulliard, is described by Fries as "sooty or dusky, becoming red." Greicns. The type of the greens is viridis, but it is of no definite hue ; virescens and viridans mean turning green. .Krugineus and wruginosus refer to a verdi- gris, or rather bluish-gteeh. Olivaceus is olive-green, olivascens denoting the preliminary stage of becoming green, Pausiacus describes precisely the same green, from pausea or pausia, a variety of olive j for Fries says of A. (Clilocybe) pausiacus that the gills are olivaceous. H. T. Wharton, in "Grevi/lia," JAPANESE VEGETABLE FOOD PRODUCTS. [Cotuluded from p. 782, vol. xxii.) K.ASADVUKE. — Thisis a preparation of white Melons, To prepare it the Melons are cut open, and the seeds removed with a Bamboo spatula ; a small quantity of salt is spread over them. After the juice of the Melons has been absorbed into cotton cloth, a mixture of Sake residuum (a kind of spirit from Rice), and a certain proportion of alcohol, is gradually poured upon the bottom of an empty tub; upon this the salted Melons are laid, then a layer of wine residuum, and another layer of Melons, and so on, till the cask is full ; it is then headed up, and kept for four or five months before using. In Japan at the present day this substance is served at the close of every meal, when warm water or tea is drunk. When taken after eating meat or fish it is very wholesome and delicious. At breakfast, when there is only boiled Rice and miso soup, and no fish or vegetables it helps to complete the meal. It is also a good accompaniment to a cup of tea. Two preparations from the Soy Bean {Glycine soja), besides that already referred to, deserve men- tioning— namely, miso, a fermented substance ; and shoyu, or soy itself. The first is a curious preparation, described as follows :— There are many ways of making miso, differing very little from each other ; the kind containing the largest quantity of yeast is considered the best. The usual mode is after soaking Soy Beans in water for about two hours to put them into a suitable vessel and steam them ; then, after mixing them with salt and yeast, they are removed to wooden plates ; then the ingredients are very evenly mixed, the liquid is put into casks, and is then left untouched for upwards of a year. Another method is to soak a quantity of yellow Soy Beans in water for a night, then boil them in a large kettle, and as soon as the water in the kettle has evaporated, and the beans show a reddish-yellow colour, they are removed to a mortar and pounded, after which they are placed on mats. When they are thoroughly cooled they are shaped into balls as large as hand-balls, cut with a knife into flat pieces about an eighth of an inch thick, and placed on mats shaped like scales of fish. As soon as mould appears upon them they are taken, crushed into small pieces, and exposed to the rays of the sun for a day or two, \Vhen nearly dry, salt and water are added to them, and the whole is pounded in a mortar and then left in a cask for a month nr two, and sometimes longer, when the preceding process will be repeated. Finally, if it is sealed up in casks it will never deteriorate. It is in prime condition when three years old. It forms one of the most necessary articles of food in Japan, and has been used from lime immemorial, both by nobles and men of inferior rank. It is made into a soup, and is one of the courses served up as a principal arliL'le of everyday diet. The mode of preparing the soup is to rub the miso around an earthen bowl, into which a suitaLI- quantity of water has been poured. It is then filtered through a sieve, and vegetables added according to taste; the whole is then boiled and served up. Miso is also used to give an agreeable llavour by mixing it with other food, and it is likewise mixed with condiments, as Japanese Pepper, Ginger, I lorse- Radish, Chillies, Sesame, Poppy seeds, &c. Soy or Shoyu, is perhaps the chief product of the Soy Bean. It consists of a mixture of these Beans, Wheat, salt, and water. The mode of preparing it is to thoroughly boil, after washing in a cask with water, fifty paits of Beans, and to patch about fifty parts of Wheat in a pan for a little while and thoroughly boil it, after grinding on a stone mill : when these two sub- stances are mixed together and kept in a warm room for about four days, the substances are converted into a yellow flour-like matter : this is yeast. This yeast is then thrown into a mixture of salt and water, and afterwards thoroughly cooled, then boiled in a large kettle, and stirred with a Bimboo instrument twice a day in summer, and once a day in winter. After the lapse of three years, the sediment is poured into a bag then put into a small tub and submitted to strong pressure by means of a bar at the end of which hangs a heavy weight. The fluid expressed is poured into a kettle and submitted to a heat of not more than 80° ; it is again removed to a large tub and set away for a night, when it becomes a deep black colour, and acquires a very delicious taste. Soy is one of the most valuable foods, and is in daily use ; mixed with several kinds of food it imparts to them a delicious flavour. It is universally liked, and is really indispensable in the Japanese kitchen. The quantity annually consumed in Japan is extremely large, and of late years the article has been exported. EUCHARIS AMAZONICA. The columns of the Gardeners'' Chronicle h5.we. for some time borne strong evidence of the fact that this fine old plant is rapidly becoming a cultural puzzle not easy of solution, and when such recognised clever cultivators as Mr. Hudson have nothing more to offer than the good old-fashioned remedy, "Gregory's Powder," for all diseases — "cleanliness," "size of pot," "airy shading," "moisture," &c. — it is quite clear to me that a correct diagnosis has not been attained of the typical case of Eucharis disease referred to by "A. E." (p. 746, vol. xxii.) and others. I shall, therefore, endeavour to throw a little light upon the subject, with the hope that it may be of some use to such puzzled and muddled mortals as myself. I have been a large grower of Kucharis amazonica for more than twenty-five years, and have been in the habit of keep- ing up almost a perpetual display of bloom by man- aging batches of plants for this purpose, and the magnificent " black-green, leathery leaves " and large size of the flowers produced by my plants have been the admiration of thousands of persons during these years. To some growers having no practical acquaintance with a diseased stock of Eucharis, such as described by "A. E.," it appears somewhat ridiculous that a plant requiring such simple cultural treatment should, in the hands of very clever cultivators, prove quite unmanageable, and distressed mortals like myself are treated to " thick leathery leaves"— twenty, thirty, forty — ah ! more — flower-stems on a plant, the usual "Gregory's" regimen of culture, a few egotistical flourishes, and then the writer seems to think that the unfortunate possessor of unhealthy plants has had a great boon conferred upon him. Bah ! I have seen these jaundiced Eacharis in the hands of some of my friends — men capable and excelling in the cultivation of all kinds of plants, however " mitfy," except this one of simple requirements — Eucharis amazonica : and a little friendly sarcasm was always at hand to comfort and enlighten them in their difficulties — very valuable ai mani|iulation, and if it is irregular to gum the petals of Roses, why should it be permitted in the case of Pelargoniums ? Unless all dressing can be put aside (and it is not easy to see how this can be brought about), dressed Chrysanthemums cannot be banished from our autumn exhibitions. >?. D. [Why not have separate classes for dressed and undressed flowers? En ] Destruction of Slugs and Grubs. — Tho.^e who have had any experience in the cultivation of old gardens, where the land happens to be of a heavy tenacious nature, are familiar with the destruction effected by slugs, grubs, and the like pests that often abound in quantities in soil of this description, espe- cially when it happens that the labour available is not sufficient to keep the hoe and other tools often enough at work, for it is a well known fact that where means do not exist to carry out a system of high cultivation by frequently stirring the surface, these marauders are plentiful to an extent that often makes it a difficult matter in showery spring weather to prevent Lettuce, young Peas, and other important crops being devoured, to say nothing of the trouble they give in the autumn and winter by preying on everything that suits their taste. The ordinary manures applied to gardens do nothing to discourage the increase and ravages of such pests as these, but there are other things, such, for instance, as gas-lime and salt, that, independent of their manurial properties, are much more elfective in the destruction of the pests in ques- tion than those would imagine who are located where these materials are not so plentiful as to admit of their being used to such an extent as they might be, or at all. A good dressing of salt at this time of the year to those parts of a garden that are not occupied by crops, letting it lie at the top for some weeks until it has time to dissolve, destroys a vast amount of grubs, slugs, and also the eggs of the^latter. Gas-lime is even more effective inl ridding the land of their presence ; the lime should be scattered about half an inch thick on the ground, and allowed to remain foi three or four weeks before being dug in ; it is more lasting in its effects for the purpose in question than salt. Soot, well known as it is for its manurial properties, and also for the dislike that animal life in any form has to it, is much less used for garden purposes than it might with advantage be. A good dressing every other year or so is an excellent means for the destruc- tion of slugs and the embryo of insects, with the farther advantage that it can be applied to ground occupied by crops in a way not possible with salt or gas-lime. The destructive effects of newly slaked lime on slugs and their eggs is so well known as to make a reminder unnecessary ; it and the soot aie best applied in spring, whereas the winter affords the best opportunity for using tlK other materials. 7'. A'. Transplanted Trees and Shrubs. — At this sea- son of the year, nurserymen's catalogues of forest, fruit trees, kc, are very plentiful, and in looking over them the reader sees remarks similar to the following : " i-year transplanted, 2-year do ," and so on. This is a matter of much more importance to the planter than appears on the face of it. It is of great importance that trees and shrubs intended to be transplanted should not be left more than two years without being moved. The longer they remain in the soil undisturbed, the greater is the risk in trans- planting. It is a practice in nurseries to *' spade " trees that have grown into size preparatory to moving them. The process consists in passing the spade round and under the ball of the tree so as to cut oH the tap-root, and confine the branching roots within a given space. It is customary to do this early in the autumn, the earlier the better, because it affords lime for the toots wiihin the ball to put forth other toot- January io, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 59 lets. riants Ireated in ihis way can be moved with success ; when moved to a new localily, and the ball surrounded with fresh soil, Ihcy soon push forth fresh roots without bein|^ appreciably incon- venienced by the removal. As an invariable rule trees bear removal from light soils better than they do from heavy soils, " The reason is " writes an experienced \iUnter, *'lhat in light and porous soils the roots arc mostly globed into hbrous tufts near the stem, where- as in strong land the roots of plants wander further in search of moisture, ^c, and throufjh a denser medium, S'3 that they become elonga'ed ant coarse.'" It is an axiom with planters that tap-roo'.ed plants, whatever may be the predisposing cause of the root taking this shape, should be transplanted young, otherwise the chances of surviving the process are small. It is very ditVrcult indeed to lift such plants with balls of earth about the roots. It is ditTerent with plants formirg fit)rous roots, the soil is gathered about them in a dei se mass, and they can be transplanted in safely and with comparative ease. The Kho:1odendron furnishes rn admirable illustration of this fact. Planters found the subsoil very dry this autumn : what rains did fall had but moistened the surface, and scarcely reached root-deep. JIany delayed planting in consequence until the autumnal rains fell. Those who find themselves under the necessity of plant- ing at once, must see to it that the subsoil be moistened in plenty. The season, so favourable generally to outdoor gardening operations, is clearly against planting, unless adequate precautions be taken. D. E. G. Brussels Sprouts. — This has been an unfavour- able year for this useful vegetable, the dry summer and numerous insects in many districts have all but destroyed them. The flat under my charge is as good as could be wished, only the Sprouts are pronounced at table too large. A new disease has now attacked them ; the firm hard Sprouts, ap- parently perfect, when cut in two are found to have a layer of decayed black leaves neat the centre, so that it is requisite to cut each Sprout in half before cooking, which spoils the appearance for table. Any that remain the day after cooking give out a very oftensive smell. So extensive is the disease in some of the Midland Counties, that they are un- usable, Ebov. The Comn:iittees of the Royal Horticultural Society. — I had hoped that my'Ietterof November 29, 1SS4, would have met with some response, and that many horticulturists would have given their ideas publicity. This lethargy and silence bodes ill for horticulture pure and simple, and makes one fear that the downward tendency of the committees has become too pronounced for any, short of the most radical, remedies. Although speaking of committees in the plural I refer especially to the effete *' A,^' and " B." sections of the Floral Committee, whose prin- cipal use appears to consist in its being a nursery to raise members for the Fruit Committee. Some might argue that this is only following Nature, since flowers are produced before fruit ; however, be this as it may, certain it is that the business of the Fruit Committee seems to be conducted on much higher principles, and to be less biassed by what "A. B. C." calls "per- sonal considerrtiors " than that of the Floral one, and this is the most serious phase of the whole matter, for there seems to be some apprehension that undue in- fluence is used by the selectors of the committee, and certainly there has been no meeting during the last twelve ra:)nths without signs of disapproval, smothered for the time, but sure to gain strength and burst forth again more powerful for their temporary suppression, "A. B. C." justly urges that the counties are not suHiciently represented ; indeed, with the exception of a few " speciality " men, who are valuable, but who should not be in the ascendant, they are scarcely represented at all. In my opinion, age and experience, and the having had oppor- tunity for travel, should have far greater weight than the special study, conducted possibly in one or two Orchid-houses, or from visits to ten or twenty gardens in different counties. The counties should select their best men — men of ability and varied attainments, who, without undue bias, would honestly adjudicate on what they saw before them, without reference to what Mr, So-and-So had seen at Mr, 's place, or to what Mr. So-and-So had left at home ; there mightthen be a chance of escape from the puerility that occupies meeting after meeting in di:cus5ing whether a Primrose be blue or slate-colour, or if a Chrysanthemum or Aster be more incurved or quilled by the thousandth part of an inch than any previously seen — questions of interest doubtless, but whose importance to horticulture is not comparable to the introduction of a new hardy tree or shrub. Take, as an instance, Maho^ia.^quifolium, and Migno- nette— the originals are beyond all praise, and the foimcr remains the sterling and valuable thing it was, I ul the latter has been " improved '' (word of nowcvil oiiicn, and more especially so in our culinary products) beyind the comprehension of the unsophisticated lover of beauty, who fails to see in the rough, coarse, *• big brother," lacking even that delicacy of perfume which is the plant's greatest charm, any resemblance to his cherished "little darling" of years ago. \tt while much lime has been spent in adjudicating on these " improvements," certain sections of hardy shrubs are never brought before the committee at all, nor have been for years, although the varieties rai.-ed might be counted by fifiies or even hundreds. Why is this ^ Simply because raisers have no confidence in the committee's judgment, and prefer to introduce their novelties to the public in their own way, which they, for the most part, do successfully. If something be not quickly done to restore confidence, the central authority is doomed. Once let the counties form their own committees, and we shall be riven in all directions, never again to unite. Let us make a mighty eftort before it is too late— let us strive to make the committees more representative in every way, let us increase the members, if necessary, a hundredfold, and give permanent seats to those who have done good service and earned experience, but whose energies may, perhaps, be flagging, and who cannot always face the wild north-easter as they did in years gone by. Let us But enough : after all I am but a wander- ing stranger, who in his passings to and fro has heard and seen sufficient of the general feehng to fear that the forthcoming list will probably contain names (forgive the bull) "not in it!" A IVaitdtriiig PleiaJ. Premature Growths.— It is sometimes said that the past summer and autumn were what is termed " rushing " — that is to say, that plants came forward with great rapidity, and developed their flowers earlier than usual, and almost all together. And this rushing tendency appears to have imparted itself to some of the Cape and other bulbs. Ixias and Sparaxis that flowered in pots last spring that were stood out-of-doors and repotted in August, when at rest, have come away unusually early, though standing in a cold frame on a north border without any covering, and the plants are now 4 to 5 inches in height. Gladiolus Colvillei albus may be said scarcely to have rested, for almost as soon as the foliage died down the bulbs again commenced to grow, and the growths from pots in the open air are I foot or more in height. These are representative cases. Probably the dry weather and marked absence of rain has kept the soil warm and assisted growth ; many hardy plants in the open ground have grown quickly almost up to the middle of November. R. D. The National Auricula, Carnation and Pico- tee Societies (Southern Section). — In reference to Mr. Dodwell's letter at p. 24, wherein I am accused of foisting a fictitious vote upon the meeting, I beg to say that the accusation is unfounded, Mr, Wright joined the Societies some weeks before the general meeting. The want of rules is constantly being felt. There is none to say how members are to be received, or what amount of subscription gives them power to vote ; but the usual course was fol- lowed with Mr. Wright. He had paid his subscrip- tions of a guinea before he voted. No one com- plained of the slaliis of most of the unknown men who came to vote for Mr. Dodwell, Young Mr, Pohlman, for instance, has long been accustomed to attend the £.\hibitions with his father ; but I do not find his name on the last list of subscriptions. How much was his subscription — when, or for what purpose was it paid ? Dr, Hogg was not entitled to pay any subscription in 1SS3 : he had previously resigned, but at my solicitation he again became a member. Again, I declare that the meeting of October 14 was summoned in the usual way, and with no evil in- tention on my part, as has been alleged. It was summoned in the same way as that of July S, for instance, which was called by Mr. Dodwell. There was a complaint at that meeting that iome memberj had been Icfi out, 1'ro'j.ibly Mr. Doan was for- gotten, at any rate he was not present. Mr. Fraser is not a member of either Society, consequently he was not invited, and was not present. Mr. Dodwell objects to Dr. Hogg and Mr. \'eitch being present. They both attended at the meeting on July S, hence they were asked to attend on October 14, It may seem to outsiders not quite in order to ask members not on committees to take part in the pro- ceedings, but it had been done before as a nutter of courtesy. So fesv members of committee used to attend, and if there happened to be any memberb present at the Royal Horticultural Society's meetings who had knowledge of the business, they were in- vited to sit down. It was a graceful act of courtesy : it had been done before with the approval of Mr, Dodwell, I see nothing objectionable in the practice, nor did Mr. Dodwell hitherto. If there were rules to say that the business should be transacted by a com- mittee, and that no other member on any account should be present, that would make all the difference. When Mr. Dodwell claims freedom of action for him- self he should allow the same to his co-secretary, and not be so ready to impute bad motives without cause, I must allude here to Mr, Dean's grievance. Mr. Dean's last attendance at a meeting, either general, special, or committee, was on March 14, 18S2, When a member of any society absents himself from its meetings for two years and seven months, and when at the end of that time he gets up at a meeting and declares his deep interest in the society he has thus neglected, the secretaries may be pardoned if they forget to send him a notice, I say emphatically that Mr, Dodwell had not a majority of votes in his favour on December 9. I come now to the question of proxy voting. Mr. Dodwell put his case to the members in his own way, very pathetically. There was no other side. Nobody asked for votes but Mr, Dodwell, He sent the members a circular con- taining a copy of a letter he had addressed to the l:!ditor of the GaiJciicri MagaUne, It was a one- sided letter altogether, Mr, Dodwell ought to have sent my answer to it, which appeared in the same paper. He brought his proxies to the meeting, but they were very properly not admitted. He says he had a vote in his favour — fifty-three against twenty- two. It may be a fair question to ask who are the twenty-two ? I answer that question. Amongst them are the foremost florists in the Northern and Southern Sections, When there are no rules to guide the Executive of any society it would puzzle the wisdom of Solomon to know how to act so that Mr, Dodwell should find no fault, if he felt inclined to do so, Mr, Dodwell objects to rules. He says in a circular dated December 27, 18X4 (the lifih or sixth of the series)— it is addressed to Mr. Shirley Hibberd — " Rules by their very nature restrict ; I resist restriction." fust so. He is an autocrat in his way, and acts just as he pleases. Last summer, for instance, he would not be controlled. I draw particular attention to his words, " I will maintain the position of leader I was pressed into eight years ago ; and except as following a direct vote of the committee, which I shall always uphold, I will tolerate no interference with my direction," At this time he was involving the President of the Carna^' tion Society, the \'ice-Presidents and committee, in legal proceedings, entirely without their knowledge and consent. I tried in vain to restrain him, warning him that the committee would not support him in such irregular proceedings — and what was the result ? He summoned a committee for July S, with the Pre- sident of the Carnation Society in the chair, and the committee unanimously refused to support Mr, Dod- well in any further action. He might have got out of his difficulty in the usual way, but he retained office. Before this he " would always uphold a direct vote of the committee ; " but after the rebufl he received on July 8 he could not be very sure of their support in future. Besides Mr, Dodwell's action in this matter, he sent other letters, telling me that "he had received indications from men high in office that they would not suffer me to lead." To save my self- respect, I determined to act no longer as co-secretary with Mr, Dodwell, This proceeding I could not avoid, and yet on this honourable action Mr, Dodwell pours his gall, and shamefully mis- represented me. As soon as I determined to resign I told him first, and asked him to summon a meeting to allow me to do „o. He sent an evasive reply. The 6o THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. (January io, 1885. subsequent results are well known. I will just allude to another circular from Mr. Dodwell — the seventh, I think, of the series — in which it is stated by Mr. Dodwell that I perpetrated a fraud on the societies ; it is dated December 30 : and yet another Jrom Mr. Dean, dated December 31, repeating the libel in another form. Mr. Dean's circular was sent in the form of a ''statement " to the Editor of a contem- porary, but was returned as unsuitable for its pages. When communications are unsuitable for publication in the usual gardening papers they can be issued in the form of circulars, but their authors must not for- get that there is a law for libel. I shall make no more comments on any circulars or letters published by Mr, Dodwell or Mr. Richard Dean. J, Douglas^ Great Gearies^ Ilford, [Mr. Dodwell and Mr. Douglas having now expressed their views on the question at issue we must request them to reserve any further statements for the meetings of the Society, or seek publicity in whatever other form they please. We can insert no more communications on the subject. Ed.] ON POTATO DISEASES. {.Conclicded frotn p. 15.) Scab. — This well-known affection of the exterior of the tubers compared to the Phytophthora and other diseases is comparatively unimportant. Certainly it spoils the look of the Potatos, and injures them to a certain extent. Kiihn * seems to have regarded scab ("schorf" or "grind") as being caused by Rhizoctonia solani, a fungus which is frequently seen, but which appears to me neither to be the cause of scab on the one hand, nor to have anything to do with Tubercinia scabies on the other. The last- named fungus was described many years ago by Mr. Berkeley, ■f and figured by him as well as by Martius.J I have never met with it myself. Specimens were published by Dr. Cooke, § but in my copy of his Exsiccati no spores exist. Of the cause of true scabbing we know very little. As usually met with, each scab consists of a circum- scribed cork formation of the rind of the tuber, as if each spot had at some earlier period of its existence been the seat of an injury. Most likely this precur- sory injury will be found to be due to a fungus of some sort, possibly to some mould, to prevent the penetra- tion of which the tuber has developed a cork plate. I am the more inclined to adopt this surmise because in the early part of this summer I brought home some tubers affected with the early stages of scab and placed them in a damp atmosphere under a bell-glass. In the course of a few days each affected spot gave origin to a minute pustule of some whitish fungus, which to the naked eye looked very much like a mould, but which, owing to the pressure of other matters, I had not the opportunity of further investigating. Mottled or Spotted Tubers. (See fig. 135 d, p. 7S8, vol. xxii, ), As far as I am aware this affection is not mentioned by any writer upon the subject. It may be, however, for aught I know, for there are few subjects which have been written more about than Potato diseases. Twenty years ago De Bary speaks of over two hundred separate memoirs and communications on this subject which existed at that time, so that to obtain a perfect acquaintance with the literature of the subject is well nigh impossible when it is remembered that these communications are scattered over the literature of every European country. In September last many of the Potatos grown at Chiswick were found to be curiously marked internally with brown spots or discolorations, which bore a very close resemblance to the brown spots produced by Phytophthora, so much indeed was this the case that they were regarded at the time that they were first observed by all who saw them as being due to this cause, In two particulars, however, they differed from true disease spots. Firstly, they were confined to the interior of the tubers, which externally appeared perfectly healthy. Secondly, the spots were neither so opaque, nor so dry, nor so deep in colour as the true Phytophthora spots are. Hav- ing obtained specimens I carefully examined them for mycelium, but failed entirely in finding any trace whatever of it. It is very easy to say offhand that mycelium does or does not exist in any tissue of a Potato plant, but those who have had most to do with searching for it amongst the discoloured or the healthy tissues will bear me out when I say that it is easier to say it exists than to demonstrate its presence satisfac- torily. Of course it can be traced, and I have traced it myself many times, but I felt that mere negative assertions on my part would deservedly have but little weight one way or the other. Slices of the mottled tubers were placed under a bell-glass, but gave rise to no conidia formation. Mr. Ilenslow also kindly examined these spots for me, but, like myself, found neither mycelium nor conidia. Specimens were sent to Mr. Jensen, who likewise failed to discover myce- lium or to induce the development of conidia. I then sent specimens to Professor De Bary, who most kindly examined them, and informed me by letter that he found neither Phytophthora, nor any other fungus, nor Bacterium in the discoloured spots. He further investigated the affected tubers, but found by culture under bell-glasses no conidia were pro- duced. Of course, his dictum, that the brown spots were not due to Phytophthora, was amply sufficient to settle the question, for it is to him we owe nine-tenths of our information concerning the physiology of this fungus. He found, however, that after keeping the slices under observation some days (as also occurred to myself and to Mr. Rostrup) that a minute Verticil- lium or Acrostalagmus appeared upon the slices ; this Verticillium I had observed many times during the past winter upon my cultures, and it has, I believe, nothing to do with the mottling of the tubers. Mr. Rostrup also examined specimens of the Chis- wick tubers, with the same result. Mr. Jensen then suggested that these mottlings might possibly be the incipient stage of dry rot. I therefore sent specimens to Professor Kiihn, of Halle ; he, too, very kindly examined them, and found, like De Bary, neither fungi nor bacteria in the spots. He informed me that he was familiar with the affection for many years, but was unable to assign any cause for it or give me any further information about it. Moreover, he added, that it had nothing whatever to do with dry rot. More recently Mr. Murray has examined this mottling, with the same result. Hence it is obvious that we have to do with a disease affecting the interior of the tubers which bears a close resemblance to the browning caused by Phytophthora, but that this fungus has nothing whatever to do with it. This conclusion has not been hurriedly arrived at, for the affection has been examined by the most eminent authorities upon Potato diseases on the continent of Europe— Pro- fessors De Bary and Kiihn, Mr. Rostrup, and Mr. Jensen — and the above is their unanimous verdict ; besides which it has been examined byJMr. Henslow, Mr. Murray, and myself, with a like result. Further investigations of this affection, extending over the winter months, are desirable for the elucidation of this obscure affection, but the prospects of elucidating its cause are not hopeful when so many eminent authorities have been baffled by it. An instance has recently come under my notice in which a crop of Potatos have been rendered unsaleable from this disease. The grower, an intelligent work- ing man, recognised the difference between it and the " old disease." The crop was unsaleable because it is impossible to tell how many tubers are affected, their exterior being perfectly healthy. The same grower noticed the disease last year, but not to so great an extent. C. B. Plowright. ^ KUhn, toe. cit., pp. 222—228, t. vii., f. 17—20. t Beikeley, Horticultural yournal^ vol. i. , t. 4, f. 30 — 31. t Martius, Die Kartoffcl Krankhtit^ t. 3, f. 36—38. § Cooke's Exsic, Series I., No. 445. FRUIT NOTES. BerZenczy Quetche. — The Quetche, or Prune Damson, are as yet not commonly found here, but as fruit preserving by drying and otherwise is likely to form an important industry in the near future, these sugary, prolific, perennial bearing varieties will be largely grown. All of them are less juicy than our best Plums, and, therefore, contain a smaller quantity of water to be got rid of by boiling or drying. The above-named excellent sort is commonly grown in Upper Hungary, in the cool mountainous region, near the sources of the Theis, and should prove well adapted to our climate. Its other name is Muskataly Szvilva, or Muscat-flavoured Plum. Raspberry Merveille de Quatrk Saison. This is an excellent late fruiting kind, well worthy of being grown on a large scale. It is almost a con- tinuous fruiter, of robust growth, therefore requiring plenty of space and liberal manuring. The fruit is dark crimson, large, and bluntly conical, coming in clusters. It bears fruit freely to the end of October. BEURRfi Bosc. As a market Pear this is highly recommended in the December number of the Bulletin (TAr- boritulture, where a coloured figure is given. It should be grown as a standard, and if not very productive when quite young, is a good and regular cropper at a later period. The shape of the Pear is elongate, top-shaped, the skin reddish-brown, the flesh very while, of good quality. Season, October and November. Scottish Horticultural Association. The Progrk^)S of Horticulture. — A meeting of the above Association was held on Tuesday last, at 5, Si. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, Mr. Mac- kenzie in the chair. Mr. James Grieve read a paper on the progress of horticulture during the last quarter of a century. He enumerated the improvements effected and new introductions made within that period in Conifers, ornamental trees, shrubs, florists' flowers, stove plants, fruits, and vegetables. Among other points referred to was the great increase of Orchids, which were said to have been of late years placed within reach of the million. In regard to table plants, it was stated that the amount of money now changing hands for these alone would astonish the wiseacres who were for ever talking of the good old days. As to cut flowers, again, what with births, deaths, and marriages, and the decoration of churches at Christmas, as much money now changed hands in a week as did in a year twenty-five years ago. Of fruit trees the Apple had been very much improved, and several varieties, if not new in the correct sense of the word, had been brought to the front to displace sorts formerly recommended. The Pear had not been so much improved ; we had any quantity of fine Pears, but what we wanted in regard to this fruit was a better climate. In Peaches and Nec- tarines great changes had been introduced, especially with very early and very late sorts. The Apricot had not been so much taken in hand as it ought ; and the Cherry remained, to a great degree, what it was twenty-five years ago. Of Gooseberries, Currants, and Rasps the number had been thinned, the better sorts having come to the front and been retained . Strawberries had become a great favourite ; various sorts had been added, and there were lo acres grown in Scotland now for one twenty-five years ago. There had also been a great in- crease in the growth of vegetables. The wages of working men in nurseries had increased about 50 per cent. ; and although at present horticulturists, Uke every other profession, were undergoing a season of dull trade, they trusted soon to see a return to the golden harvests of former years. In the course of some discussion that followed Mr Todd said there might be some flowers belter deve- loped than twenty-five years ago, but, with the excep- tion of Roses, there had been very little progress ; and the progress made had not been made in recent years, but in the beginning of the quarter of a century under review. In vegetables many things had been improved, but the improvement had not been so very great. Peas had been introduced that were to be ten days earlier, or to produce double the crop ; but still their Peas came in about the same week, and they had just about the same quantity. A great many of the introductions mentioned by Mr. Grieve had improved gardens immensely. The great change that had taken place during the last twenty-five years had been that the people had interested themselves more, and had become greater lovers of flowers and plants ; bui he was not quite sure that horticulture as a science had very much advanced during that period. The great increase in the means of coiunmnication had in some cases contributed to progress, while in some it had rather hindered progress by bringing the gardener into competition with foreign growers who enjoyed a better climate. Proceeding to ask if the gardener was a better gardener than twenty-five years ago, he desired to mention, as showing that he was not, a, sad fact that took place last year. Ihe Council of the Royal Cale- donian Horticultural Society, having to award the Neil Prize, which was givRn once in three years lo the most distinguished horticulturist of his time, could not find in Scotland a gardener worthy of it, and so had to give it to an amateur, and not one gardener in Scotland could be found lo raise his voice against the award. — Mr, Lindsay contended that, on the whole, there could be no question that during the last twcniy-five years horticul- ture had progressed very much. — Mr. Munro remarked that the teaching of Mr. Darwin, although it had not done all that it ought to have done, had done more for horticulture as a science than anything else that had occurred during the last tweniy-tivt years. — The Chair- man submitted that tliere had been as great progress in practical horticulture during the period in question as there had been in the science of that period. Gardeners all over the country at the present day were in possession of modes of cultivaiion and produced results that the gardeners of dukes, earls, and princes could not produce thirty years ago. Some horticultural specimens were afterwards exhibited, January io, 1885.! THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 61 STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LO.WOX, For the Week Ending Wednesday, Janivbv 7, 1885. HyKromc- trical De- 1 Rmiometbr Temperature op THE Air. ductions from r.Iaisher's Tables 6th Edition. Wind. 0 X 0 Mean Reading Reduced to 33' Fahr. Departure from Ave rape of 1 i 3 1 it a< 0 c I --oil II" ri < Jan. I In. ! In. 30.90 ^o37 34.0 a6.c 8.030.8 — 6.426.1' 8i| E. : E.SE. o.co 3 3995 +016 34-5 99-C| S-5 3t.9|- S o|'S-5 78 E. o.co 3 sgSS +o.09 3S-53» S 4-0 33.* - 3-63i.o^ 9a{ E.S.E. 0 00 4 aggS +0.1939032.0 7.0 36 0 — a6'3S.o 96 S. 0,00 S 39-93 1+0.18 46.536 0^0-5 42.3 + S'? 40 0 9» S. 0 00 6 3008 '+a34'4i-0,a9-oi3.o 34.8 — 1.632.6 9" S 0,01 7 3019+045 40.229,011.234.8 - r.S3J.3 89 S. o.to Mean 3ao3 +0 35 38.730 4' 8 3 ) 1 34-8 - 1.9 31 .8 89 S. O.OI Jan. I. — Fine day and night ; very cold. 7. — Fine day and night ; very cold. _a. — Fine day and night ; very cold. 4. — Dull day and night. 5. — D'jlt day and night. f, — Dense fog in early morning. Very fine day and night, 7. — Very fine day and night. S*, at Bradford, S^4 at Nottingham, 9" at Sunder- land. The general mean was 12". 6, The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Truro, 46°.3, at Plymouth 42°.7, at Sun- derland 38" ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 33. "9, at Bolton, 34^3, at Liverpool 34°.9. The general mean was 37°. 2. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was highest at Truro, 36^.7, at riymouth 35". 5, at Sunder- land 3I°.6 ; and was lowest at Bolton, 27". 6, at Wolverhampton 27" 9, and at Cambridge 30". The general mean was 31°. 2. The mean daily range was greatest at Truro, 9°. 6, at Leeds 7°, 3, at Tlymouth 7^2; and was least at Liverpool, 3^6, at Preston 4°.7, at Brighton 4°.9. The general mean was 6*. The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 4i'*.4, at Plymouth 39°. i, at Sunderland 34°. 6 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton and Bolton, 30°.8, at Cambridge 32°.S. The general mean was 34°. I. Fain. — The largest falls were 0.22 inch at Truro, o 05 inch at Sunderland, 0.03 inch at Preston ; the smallest falls were o.oi inch at Cambridge, Notting- ham, and Bradford. The general mean fall was 0.02 inch. No rain fell at Brighton, Bristol, Blackhealh, Wolverhampton, Sheffield, Liverpool, Bolton, or Leeds. Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end- ing lanuary 3, the highest temperature was 43°.2, at Leith ; at Perth the highest was 38". 5. The general mean was 41". 7* The lowest temperature was 22", at Glasgow; at Greenock the lowest temperature was 29^2. The general mean was 26*.7. The mean temperature was highest at Aberdeen, 37".! ; and lowest at Perth, 32''.5. The general mean was 34°. 3. Kain. — The largest fall was o 43 inch, at Aber- deen, and the smallest fall was 0°.07 inch at Green- ock. The general mean fall was 0 09 inch. No rain fell at Edinburgh, Dundee, Leith, or Paisley. JAMES GLAISHER. F.R.S. London : Atmospheric Pressure, — During the week ending January 3, the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea decreased from 30.17 inches at the beginning of the week to 29 78 inches by 3 P.M. on the 29th, increased to 30.41 inches by 9 a.m. on the lEt, decreased to 30 inches by 3 p.m. on the 3d, and was 30 09 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading of the barometer for the week was 30. oS inches, being 003 inch lower than last week, and 0.05 inch above the average of the week. Temperature. — The highest temperature was 40^00 December 31. The highest on January i was 34*. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 36°-3. The lowest temperature was 26", on January I ;the highest on December 28 was 35°, The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 30°.4. The greatest range of temperature in one day was I2°.S on December 31 ; the smallest was 2°, on December 28. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 5*. 9. The mean temperatures were— on December 28, 35'.9 ; on the 29th, 35". 3 ; on the 30th, 32'.9 ; on the 31st, 36'^. 6 ; on January i, 30". S ; on the 2d, 3i°.9 ; on the 3d, 33".! ; and these were all below their averages by l*.6, 2°, I, 4°.4, 0°.6, 6".4, 5', and 3'. 6 respectively. The mean temperature of the week was 33". 8, being 2°.8 lower than last week, and 3°.4 below the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 54°, on December 31. The mean of the seven readings was 43". The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer with its bulb placed on grass was 18", on January i. The mean of the seven readings was 23°.2. Rain. — No lain fell during the week. England : Temperature. — During the week end- ing January 3 the highest temperatures were 52°, at Truro, 49° at Plymouth, 43° at Bristol. The highest at Bradford was 36^S, at Sheffield 37°, at Notting- ham 37". 2, The general mean was 40^3. The lowest temperatures were 22° at Cambridge, 24^.9 at Wolverhampton, 25° at Sheffield; the lowest at Plymouth was 32^5, at Truro 32°, at Sunderland and Preston 30°. The general mean was 27°. 7. The greatest ranges were 20°, at Truro, i6"'.8 at Bristol, i6.'*5 at Plymouth ; the smallest ranges were ©ijituats* DEATH OF MR. KINGSBURY, OF SOUTH. AMPTON. The South of England has been deprived by death of one of its well known trade horticulturists in the person of Mr. James Kingsbury, of the Bevois Valley Nursery, Southampton, who expired at his residence on the 27th ult. A few weeks previously, when engaged in advising a local tradesman in one of the principal streets of the town with respect to the best arrangement of some shrubs, Mr. Kingsbury stepped back and unfortunately fell down an open trap, and though his fall was materially broken, yet the injuries received sufficed to bring about his decease at the age of sixty-three years. Coming to Southampton some years ago, somewhat in the capa- city of an amateur florist, the deceased joined him- self to the business then being in course of establish- ment by the late Mr. Windebank, and though the business was a comparatively small one, yet as a florist's it was very active. Mr. Kingsbury possessed great taste for floral hybridisation, and taking in hand Chinese Primroses, raised many fine double forms, and secured one of the best single strains to be found in the kingdom sixteen years ago. With the zonal Pelargonium in its various forms very great things were done, especially in the production of beautiful tricolors, bronzes, silver bicolors, and plain-leaved kinds. Kingsburyana is still well known as a silver bicolor in many gardens, and one of the finest double Fuchsias bears the same name, and is but one of Mr. Kingsbury's many triumphs as a raiser. A record of all that he accom- plished in this direction would indeed be full of interest. He was an active promoter of the South- ampton Horticultural Society, and amidst a wide circle was greatly esteemed and respected. Summary of Temperature, Rainfall, and Duration of Bright Sunshine in the United Kingdom, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, for the week ending Monday, January 5, 1885 ; issued by the Meteorological Office, n6, Victoria Street, London, S.W. : — The weather has con- tinued very dull, cold, and dry over England, but in Ireland and the west and north of Scotland it has been unsettled and milder, with showers of rain, hail, or sleet. The temperature has been l" or 2° above the mean in Ireland and "Scotland, N.," but elsewhere it has varied from l" to 4" below. The maxima, which were recorded on the 4th or 5th, ranged from 54° in "Ireland, S.," to 47" in "England, E." The minima were registered on different days in the various parts of the Kingdom, and ranged from 21° in " England, S.," and between 23" and 28° in most other districts, to 33" in "Ireland, N.," and 34" in " Scotland, N." The diurnal range over England was generally very slight. The rainfall has been a little more than the mean over Ireland and about equal to it in " Scot- land, W.," but less in all other districts. Over the greater part of England the fall has been scarcely appreciable. Brii^ht su77shi}ie has been unusually deficient. In " England, N.E.," " England, N.W.," and " Eng- land, S.," none at all has been recorded, while else- where the percentages of the possible number of hours have varied from 2 in "Scotland, N.," to 7 in " England, E.," and to lO or 11 over Ireland. Depressions observed. — A large area of high pres- sure has held steadily over the Continent, but soon after the commencement of the period the barometer fell at our western stations, and depressions began to move northwards outside the Irish and Scotch coasts. On January 3 an irregularly shaped disturbance had appeared over our south-western districts, on the 4th a large and rather deep depression was passing north-north-eastwards off the west of Scotland, while on the 5th some subsidiary disturbances were passing in a similar direction over the United Kingdom. Under these conditions fresh or strong southerly winds have prevailed at all our western and north-western stations, while light or moderate south-easterly to southerly breezes have been general in the south-east and east. iorrCc)pondcnt<^kMyr^ ' Begonia : A. Carter. B. metallica folio variegata ; the spray is Goldfussia anisophylla. Book : C. Warner. Kemp's Hoio to Lay Out a Gar- den. It is published by Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Bouverie Street, Fleet Street. B.Sc. : 7. R. By all means make yourself practically familiar with the use of the simple and of the com- pound microscope. Read Henfrey's EUmentary Course, 4th edition, and Sach's Text-Book, the 2d English edition, or, if you read French, Van Tieghem's Traiti. Cauliflower for Trial : Seedsman. You can send it to Mr. A. B.irron, the Superintendent, Chiswick, for that purpose, free of cost. Gouty Swellings on Conifers : Lower Norwood, See our columns for July 22, 1882. The remedy for the attacks is Fir-tree Oil. Chrysanthemums, &c. : Rash Behary Roy. The list of Mr. Ware, of Hale Farm, Tottenham, or that of Mr. Charles Turner, Slough, will give you the names of the best in each section. There is none that describes the whole of the old as well as the new kinds. We do not know any sort named " Hillieg." Six sweet- scented annuals for Calcutta might consist of Mar- tynia fragrans, Mignonette, Ten-week Stocks, Sweet Peas, Marigolds, common, French and African, Helio- trope, and Petunias. To get seeds of Sweet Rocket and Larkspur in an uninjured state, have them balled in soft clay, which can then be hardened by drying in the sun, or in an airy shady place. This is a good method to pursue with any seeds going to a hot climate when the transit lakes some months. — H. H. The Chrysanthemums, if for show purposes, must be propagated in the autumn, as soon as it is possible to get good cuttings. Some plants are shy of making cuttings at that time ; these may be encouraged late in the winter by gentle warmth to produce them, when they can be taken off. Early autumn-struck cuttings do very well in a cold frame, but for those later struck a very mild bottom-heat, in a bed covered with fine coal-ashes, in which the pots are plunged, may be employed. These late-struck cuttings will require considerable attention to prevent them damping off. The Amaryllis will take about seven or eight weeks to bring into bloom in the winter season. To make sure of having plants in bloom when you want them the stock should be a large one. It is better to top-dress with rich sandy loam, unless the plants are very much potbound. Spirsea japonica may be started any time during the next few months. Do not take them at once from the cold outside bed and plunge them into bottom-heat, but let the process of starting be a more gradual one. You may then expect good results. 62 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Qanttary 10, 18S5. The preparatory stage* need not be more than two or three weeks — not five or six. You will not succeed with these unless the clumps have been well grown. They will require about two months in a mild heat from first introducing them from outside. Grape Vine : J. N. The Claret Vine ; so named from the leaves assuming a claret colour in autnmn. Gros Colmar Grape : E. Bland. Such doubling of the berries is not at all unusual. Primula Blooms: C. Whitaker. These were uncom- monly fine in colour and size, with forms sufficiently good for all decorative purposes. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. John Downie, Edinburgh — Descriptive Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Gladioli, &c. Ireland & Thomson, Edinburgh — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Alf. Watkins, Hockerill and North Street, Bishop's Stortford— Flower and Vegetable Seeds. Robert Veitch & Sons, Exeter — Kitchen Garden and Flower Seeds. Kelway & Sons, Langport, Somerset— General List of Seeds, Gladioli, Herbaceous Plants, and Florists' Flowers, J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, Sussex— Vegetable and Flower Seeds. W. Fell & Co , Hexham, Northumberland— Spring Seed Guide. Charles Turner, Slough — Kitchen Garden, Flower and Farm Seeds. W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross— Vegetable, Flower, and Agricultural Seeds. James Dickson & Sons, Edinburgh — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. W. TooGOOD, Southampton — Kitchen and Flower Garden Seeds. W. CuTBUSH & Sons, Highgate and Barnet — Vege- table, Flower, and Farm Seeds. Webb & Sons, Wordsley. Stourbridge — General Spring Catalogue of Seeds, Potatos, Gladioli, &c. Godwin & Son, Ashbourne, Derbyshire — Select Forest, Ornamental Trees, Roses, Shrubs, and Fruit Trees. James Backhouse & Son, York— Garden Seeds. B. S. Williams. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Hol- loway, London— Flower, Vegetable, and Agricul- tural Seeds. Biddles & Co. {The Penny Packet Company). Lough- borough— Illustrated Catalogue of Seeds, Bulbs, &c. Haagr & Schmidt, Eriurt, Prussia — Plant and Seed Lists. P. Dixon, Hull — Garden and Farm Seeds. John Jones & Co., Oswestry — Wholesale Garden and Agricultural Seeds. T. Kennedy & Co., Dumfries — Select Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Francis & Arthur Dickson & Sons, Chester — Vege- table and Flower Seeds. C. Fidler, Reading— Seed Potatos. Little & Ballantyne, Carlisle — Descriptive List of Garden Seeds. Barr & Son, Covent Garden, London — Flower Seeds, Vegetable Seeds, and Spring Catalogue. G. E. Elliott, Huddersfield — List of Garden Seeds. Lours VAN Houtte, Ghent^Gesneraceous Plants, Amaryllis, Begonias, Caladiums, Dahlias, Lilies, and Choice Seeds. Messrs. W, Drummond & Sons, Stirling — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. A. Legerton, 5. Aldgate, London — Trade List of Garden, Agricultural, and Flower Seeds. CiMMtJNicATioNS RECEIVED.— G. A.. Paris.— R. S. — W. S. — Ij. p.— U Koopman.— R. M. C— A. V.— W. C, Inverness. — F. G.— R. D.— W. Divers — H.-J. HorsefieM.— K. M. N. __j. K. J.— J. T. R.— G. T. M. (with thanks).— R. P.— C Lucas. -J. S.— C. P.-W. H.-A. O. W. -A. B.-T. B.- W. L.-W. W.-J. J. B.-A. F. ].—}. D. H. DIED, on the sth inst., at Llandudno, Charles Edward, second son of the Rev. Charles Wolley Dod, of Edge Hall, Malpas ; aged 27. COVEN 7 GARDEN, January S. Trade again quiet. All classes of goods heavy. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, Plants in Pots— Averagb Wholbsalb Pricks. s. d, s. d. Aralia Sicboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o Arbor-vilx (golden), per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o — (common), dozen 6 0-12 o Aium Lilies, dozen 9 0-15 o Azaleas, per dozen.. 18 0-42 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o Cinerarias, per doz. . 9 0-12 o Cyclamens, per doz. 9 0-24 o Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o Dracxna terminalis. per doien .. ..30 0-60 o — viridis, per doz.. 12 0-24 o Epiphyllum, doz. ..18 0-74 o Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o Euonymus, various, per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o Evergreens, in var., pel dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o s, d, s. d. Ferns, m variety, per dozen .. ..4 0-18 o Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ..2 o~io o Hyacinths, per doz. 8 o-io o — ■ Roman, per pot 10-13 Marguerite Daisy, per dozen ., ..8 0-15 o Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Palms in variety, each .. ..2 6-31 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ,. 40-60 Poinsettia, per doz. 9 0-15 o Primula sinensis, per dozen . . ..40-60 Sotanums, dozen .. g o-ia o Tulips, dozen pots ,. 8 o-io o Cut Flowers.- Average Wholesale Pricks. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 0-40 Mienonette, 12 bun. 6 o- g o 0-90 Narcisfui, Paper- 0-16 while, 12 sprays.. 26-30 0-16 — French, iz bun. 6 0-12 o o- S o Pelargoniums, per 12 0-30 sprays .. ..10-20 0-24 o — scarlet, 12 sprays 09-10 0-40 Poiaseitia, 12 blooms 30-90 3- 0,6 Pnmula, double, bun. 10-16 4-06 — sioensis, iz bun. 40-60 0-80 Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60 — French, per doz. 10-30 6-30 Stokesia, 12 blooms i o- .. 0-30 o Tropseolum, 12 bun. i o- a o 6- I o Tuberoses, per doz.. 20-40 Tulips, 12 blooms .. 10-16 0-16 Violets, 12 bun. .. 10-16 — French, bunch.. 26-36 0-30 — Parme, French, per bunch.. .. 70-86 0-20 Wallflower, 12 bun.. 40-60 0-20 White Jasmine, per 0-90 bunch .. ..06-10 Abutilon, 12 bunches 2 Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 6 Azalea, 12 sprays .. i Bouvardias, per bun.'i Camellias, per doz .. 3 Carnations, 12 blms. i Chrysanth., iz bun. 12 — large, 13 blooms 2 Cyclamen, 12 blooms o Epiphyllum, 12 blms. o Eucharis, per doz. .. 4 Euphorbia jacqumi- flora, 12 sprays .. 1 Gardenias, 13 bhns-.iS Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays . . .. i Lapageria, white, 13 blooms .. ..2 — red, 13 blooms . . , , 1 Lily-of*Val,, izsprays 1 Marguerites, 13 bun. 6 Fruit. — Average Wholesale Pricks. s. d. s. d. s. d. s d. Apples, J^-sieve .. 16-40 Lemons, per case ..12 0-18 o — Nova Scotia and Pine-apples, Eng, ,1b. 10-20 Canadian, barrel 10 0-18 o — St. Michael, each 5 0-10 o Cobs, per 100 lb. .. f 0 o- .. Pears, French, doz. 16-36 Grapes, per lb. .. 16-40 Vegetables.- Average Retail Pricks. s. d. s. d. Artichokes, Globe, per doz. .. ..40-60 Asparagus, English, per bundle ..12 o- .. — French, bundleis 0-20 o Beans, French, lb. 16-.. Beet, per doz. . . 10- . . Cabbages, per doz... 16-20 Carrots, per bun. .. 06- ,, Cauliflowers, Eng- lish, dozen.. .. 20-40 Celeriac, per root .. 04- .. Celery, per bundle.. 16-26 Cucumbers, each .. 10-26 Endive, Eng., dozen 10-.. Garlic, per lb. ... 06- .. Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04 Horse Radish, bun. 30-40 s. d. s. d. Lettuces, Cab., doz. 16-.. — French Cos, each 06-.. Mint, green, bunch. . 16-.. Mushrooms, p. baskt. i o- 2 o Onions, per bushel. . 40-.. — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Parsley, per bunch.. 04-.. Peas, per lb. .. i o- . . Potatos, new, per lb. 06-.. Radishes, per dor. ., 10-.. Rhubarb, bundle .. o 6- ,. Salsify, per bund. .. 10- .. Seakale, per punnet 20-26 Small saladiog, per punnet .. ..04-.. Spinach, per bushel 30-.. Tomatos, per lb. ..10-16 Turnips, bun, .. 05- .. Potatos. — Magnum Bonums, 40^. to 70,1.; Regents, 70J. to 90J. ; Champions, 455. to 6qs. per ton. Markets have a down- ward tendency. SEEDS. London : Jan, 7. — During the last few days there has been rather more business doing in field seeds, and some quantity, more particularly of red Clover seed, has changed hands. As regards Alsike, white, and Trefoil, there is no quotable variation. Ingrasses there is nothing doing. Spring Tares are dearer. Blue Peas and Hari- cot Beans, in sympathy with the advance in corn, are firmer. Feeding Linseed still tends upwards. John Shaw &> Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, Lgndon, E.C, CORN. At Mark Lane on Monday there was a more animated trade than for some time past, partly speculative, politi- cal as well as statistical movements having influence. English Wheat sold quite is. , and foreign 2s. to 3J^. , above the rates of Monday se'nnight, the white Wheats showing the largest rise. Flour sold at a general advance of 2s. per sack, and the official top price of town flour was raised 4^., making ^ys. the present quotation. Maize advanced 6rf. to is. for the week, malting Barley ij-., grinding Barley 6d., and Peas is. per quarter. Beans remaining firm at late rates. — On Wednesday the rates for Wheat above recorded were not readily obtainable. The market for flour was quiet, and prices nominally unaltered. Barley was firmer, and met a good inquiry forward. Maize was firm on the spot, but weaker for- ward. Oats showed an occasional advance of ^d. over Monday. — Average prices of corn for the week ending Jan. 3 : — Wheat, 31s. iid. ; Barley, 315. ^d. ; Oats, igs. 6d. For the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 39J. ; Barley, 32s. ; Oats, igs. ^d. HAY, Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that the Clover trade was dull ; hay was in good demand, and the top price of straw advanced ir. Supplies moderate. Quotations : — Clover, prime, gos. to 107s. ; inferior, 46^. to 73J. ; prime second cut, gos. to ioot. ; hay, prime, 80J. to 95J. ; inferior, 30J. to 6y. ; and straw, 22s. to 36J. per load. — The Cumberland Market report states that there was a fair supply, with better demand, at the following rates: — Clover, best, 95^. to io8j. ; intenor, 50J. to 80J. ; meadow hay, best, 8oj. to 90J.; inferior, 50J. to yos. ; and straw, 26s, to 35^. per load. POTATOS. The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state that the demand was slow, and supply plentiful. Quota- tions;— Kent Regents, jos. to Boj. ; Scotch ditto, 80s. lo looj. ; Victorias, 70J. lo gos. ; Magnum Bonums, $os. to 80J. ; Champions, $os. to 60s. ; French, 40J. to 50J. per ton. — The imports into London last week were 215 bags from Hamburg, and 5 bags from Harlingcn, Oovemment Stock.— Consols closed on Monday at 99 to 9gi for delivery, and 99,^ to 99^ for the account, Tuesday's figures were 99]^ to 99I for delivery, and 99J to 99I for the account. The final quotations of Wednes- day were 99^,^ to 99 ^^ for delivery, and 99!^ to 99J for the account. — Thursday's closing figures were 99J to ggl for delivery, and 99^ to 99^^ for the account. FOR SALE, CUCUMBER and STRAW- BERRY PLANTS : also CAMELLIAS, from 3 to 7 feet hifi;h; EUCHARIS AMAZONICA. from 32 to No. 4 pots ; GARDENIAS, from 48 to No. 12 pots. G. WALKLING^ College Park Nursery, Lewisham, S.E, _^ Forcing Asparagus. 13 AND G. NEAL beg to offer the above -■-|J« by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans- planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also beg to call iheattention of Nurserymen. Builders, and others to their exceptionally 6ne stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W. To the Trade. BROAD BEANS. HAND F, SHARPE have fine samples of • WINDSOR and LONGPOD BEANS 10 offer. Samples and Prices may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. A N E T T I STOCKS, finely rooted. 23?. per 1000. APPLE, LORD SUFFIELD, strong maidens, 455. per 100. ,. RIBSTON PIPPIN, ) . .. „ LORD DERBY, l^trong maidens, 50s. per ico. Cash with order, J. M. JEFFREY. Denham Road Nursery, Uxbridge. Notice. CUT LILIES of the VALLEY and MAIDENHAIR FERN,— I beg to inform my Customers and the Trade generally that daily supplies of the above can be sent from December 22. Particulars on application. A few hundred ADIANTUM GRACILLIMUM in 48 pots, at 6s. per dozen, cash. T. JANNOCH. The Lily Nursery, DersJngham, Norfolk. A SH, common, 2 to 3 feet, clean, lys. per -L^- 1000; 3 to 4 feet, nos. per 1000. ELMS, ij^ to 2 icet, 141. per loco ; 2 to 3 feet, 17s. per loas ; English, 3 feet, 25^. per 1000. CHESTN UT, Spanish, 2 to 3 feet, 27s. per 1000 ; 15 to 20 inches, 16s. per icoa. LARCH, 14 to 24 inches, laj. td. per icoo ; 2 to 2% feet, i6s. per tooo ; 3 to 4 feel, iSs. per 1000 ; 4 to 5 feet, 24i. per 1000. SPRUCE FIR, i lo 1% foot, i7S. per 1000; iK to 2 feet. 131. per icoo; 2 to 2j^ feet, bushy, i6j. per 1000. Scotch fir, i-yr,, 2-yr. transplanted, 121. per 1000 ; 2 to 2j.$ and 3 feet, i?s. per loco. SILVER FIR, 4-yr. trans- planted, 22s. per ICOO. HAZEL, 2 to 3 feet, 2or. per 1000. OAKS. 18 to 20 inches. 16s. per 10c o ; 2 feet, 20s. per loco. PRIVET, Evergreen, 2 feet, 15^. per 1000; i to 1J2 foot. 12J. per 1000 ; OVALI FOLIUM, 2 to 2j4 feet, 305. per looa ; Ova], I foot, 20J. per 1000. SYCAMORE. 1% to 2 feet, 14'. per loco. THORNS, iK to 2 feet, 12s. 6d. per 1000 ; 2 to 2^4 feet, i6j. per icoo; 3 to 3^ feet, 18.1. per 1000. CaTALOGUES on application to GARLIE5 MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer, N.B. „ To the Trade only. PHAS. KERSHAW offers strong Crowns VJ of his PARAGON RHUBARB at 25^. per 100. Strocg plants with several crowns — price on application. DECIDUOUS SHRUBS in variety, fine transplanted stuff. jCs per ioo«. He can still supply extra strong plants in pots of MARE- CHALNIEL, GLOIRE DE DIJON, BELLE LVONAISE. REINE MARIE HENRIETTE, and other ROSES. The Slead Syke Nurseries, Brighouse. NDRE LEROY'S Nurseries, at Angers, France, the largest and richest in Kurope in Cotlec- tionsof FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS. CAMELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES, S:c CATALOGUES sent on application. Frcieht from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris in 1878. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON AND SCULL, 93, Lower Thames Street, London, E.G. TMPORTANT NOTICE.— Any Nobleman, J- Gentleman, or Landscape Gardener requiring an extra fine specimen ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA, well furoished, and not less than 15 to 16 feet high, that would move well, can be suited with the same on application to GODWIN AND SON, The Rosarium, Ashburne, Derby. Also Two good Specimens of WEEPING HOLLY, for Single Trees. 7- CHEAL & CRAWLEV, SONS, Have now posted a Copy of their NEW CATALOGUE OF SEEDS AND CULTURAL GUIDE lOK 1885 to all their Customers. Should any not receive them please intimate at once. SEEDS, VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM, Carefully Selected, AND FROM WHICH MAV DE KXTBCTED THE BEST RESULTS EVJCR YET ATTMNKD. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS and NURSERYMEN, WORCESTER. January io, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 63 dwaifs. 3J. 6(/. each, 30*. per doz. dwatf. 3f. ' each, i8f. per dozen. New Roses and excellent. PAUL AND SON recommend the under- mentioned as amongst the sorts worth adciiig to collections :— H.P. GLOIRE LYONNAISE at Guillot's (ihe raiserV) price, Zs. strong plants. H.P. GRANDEUR of CHE.SHUNT. 31. 6,1. each. TEA SUNSET, Ihe new American yellow Perle des Jatdins. 5*. each. The New White Roses. MERVEILLE DE LVON, siand.irds v.. dwarfs sj. Cd. WHITE BARONESS, standards zj. 6.V.. dwarfs 2S. New Roses of 1884. ALPHONSE SOUPEKT 1 BENOIT COMTE, ECLAIRE, 1- JOSEPH METRAL. I gUEEN OF QUEENS, ) Best New of 1883. BARON NATHANIEL DE ROTHSCHILD,, BRIGHTNESS OF CHESHUNT, I COMTESSE DE MAILLE NESLE, ,. DE PARIS (new). DUCHESS OF CONNAUGHT, EARL OF PEMBROKE, HENRI SCHULTHEISS, MARGUERITE DE ROMAN, MARIE LEGRANGE. I Magnificently strong DWARF PLANTS of the older sorts, gj. per dozen, 6or. per ico. PAUL AND SON'S selection. PAUL AND SON, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, N. ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS. —New Descriptive CATALOGUE, No. 296, post-free on application. JAMES DICKSON & SONS. - Newton " Nurseries, Chester. FOR SALE, to clear out, Fifty Pots of EUCHARISAMAZONICA,Three large GARDENIAS, Thirty smaller ; Twenty-four large forcmg DEU rZIAS, IMANTOPHYLLUMS, ANTHURIUMS, large foicine AZALEAS, &c . 6 K B., 72, Eden Street, Kingston-on-Thames. DAH LIA TU BERS. A grand lot of strong, healthy tubers, consist- ing of Double, Show and Fancy. All the best Double Pompons — a unique collection. Cactus and Semi- Cactus varieties — a splendid group. Singles — the finest collection in the world. Priced Descriptive LIST upon application. THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. RAPES THIS YEAR FRUITING CANES, 71. 6J. and toj. M. each PLANTING CANES, 3s. 6d. to 71. 6rf. each. Leadbg kinds, perfectly ripened without bottom- heat. DUKE OF BUCCLEUCH. grafted, lej. each JAMES DICKSON & SONS, " Newton" Nurseries.Chester. TO PLANTERS OF FOREST AND OTHER TREES. Cranston's Nursery & Seed Co. (LIMITED) Have splendid stocks of transplanted and well-rooted LARCH FIR .. ..I to li feet. ,, ,. .... i^ to 2 feet. M >, .... 2 to 2^ feet. >• ,, .... 2i to 3 feet. >■ >> .... 3 to 3i feet. >, .. .... 4 to 5 feet. SCOTCH FIR .. .,2 to 2J feet. I, I, .... ^h to 3 feet. THORNS 2 to 2| feet. ,. .... 2j 103 feet. &c., &c., and will be pleased to quote lowest prices on receipt of a list of requirements. Full truckloads Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station. CATALOGUES on application. CRANSTON'S NURSERY & SEED CO. (LIMITED) KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. THE N EW RASPBERRY LORD BEACONSFIELD (a Seedling). The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First- class Certi&cate.s. Royal Horticultural Society, 1883. Strong Canes, rsr. per dozen, £s 5^- per 10:) ; 4 feet Fruiting Canes, 9r. per dozen, £i per 100. Usual allowance to the Trade. A. FAULKNOR, INKPEN, HUNGERFORD. f 'tf£ed/f^^i/ieii<^ PALMS, strong, healthy, splendidly foliaged. — Latania borbonica and fceaforthia elegans, 20 inches high, 12J per dozen ; sample pUnt, \s. -^i. \ Latania borbonica and Seaforlhia eleg.ins, iz inches high, 251. per ico ; sample dozen, 4f ; Maidenhair FERNS, splendidly Rrown. 201. per ICO ; sample duzen, 31. Packages and paicels post-lree. — Postal orders to the GARDENER, Holly Lodge. Stamford Hill, N. RASPBERRY CANES.— An immense quantity of the choicest Carters' Prolific and Fastolf for dispcsAl. The Advertiser being the most extensive cultivator of Rasp- berries in England, special care will be taken to select Caoes most suitable for a vigorous growth and an early fruiting. Lowest cash teims on application to R. BAFH, Crayford, Kent. WHITE PAMPAS PLUMES, subject to being unsold on receipt of price. iS to ?4 inches long, $35 per 1000. 24 to 30 inches long, $5 per 100. BALES of TOBACCO STEMS, weighing 500 lb., $10 per bale, 3 bales for $50. Cash wiih order, or reference, to H. WATERER, 3S09, Pewelton Avenue, Philadelphia. U.S.A. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE., \d. per bushel ; roo for 255. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 4af. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. id. per sack; 5 sacks. 25r. ; sacks, ^d. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, s sacks 221. ; sacks, ^d. each. COARSE SILVER SAND. u. grf. per bushel ; 151. per half ton, ids. per ton , in 2-bushel bags, ^d, each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, ij. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 81. (,d. per sack. MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO- BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Free Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH. 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C. THE SECRET, Not one., but all; audit is a stirprise and the con- versation with all wher- ever we exhibit ; and whoever comes to see our flowers remarks, '■'■How do they get such size, bril- liancy of colour, and lovely Joliage f " The answer is, " Tlieir REAL MANURE " and Fumi- gating Material. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society of England. Sacks, xs. each; 15 sacks, 13.S.; 20 sacks, 17J.; 30 sacks, 25J. ; 40 sacks, 305, , sacks included ; truckload of 2 tons, loose, 25J. AH goods free on to rail. Cash with all orders will oblige.— J. STEVENS and CO.. "Greyhound" Yard, and 153, High Street, Baitersea, S.W.— Established 1872. 12- oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps. FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.— BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids, Stove Plants, &c.,£665. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths, American Plant Beds, 151. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, gj. ; 5 Bags, 22J. td. ; 10 Bags, 45J. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 105 6rf. per Bag. SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 52J. per Truck of 4 tons. WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants. EUREKA INSECTICIDE.— The only In- secticide worth using. Recommended by the Principal Gardeners in Scotland. The only Insecticide awarded Diploma, Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh. — Wholesale Agents, CORRY, SOBER, FOWLER and CO.. Finsbury Street. London. E.G. GARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the Royal Gardens. — Best Quality. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, li. per sack ; 30 for 255. — bags included. Trucks (containing 2 Tons) 255. , free on Rail. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 51. per sack ; 5 for 22^. td. ; 10 for 351. Black Fibrous Peat, V- 6t/. per sack : 10 for 301. Coarse Bedford Sand, u. 3^. per bushel : \is. per % ton; 225. per toiL Loam, Leaf-Mould, and Peat-Mould, ij, per bushel. Guano. Crushed Bones, &c. Finest Tobacco Cloth, %d. per lb. ; 28 lb. for i8i. Specialite Tobacco Paper, \ad. per lb. ; 28 lb. for 2ii. ; 70^^. per cwt. Second quality, "jd. per lb. ; 28 lb. for i6j. Archangel and Petersburg Mats. Piice LIST sent free. .Special quotations to the Trade for cash. W. HERBERT and CO.. Hop Exchange Warehouses, Southwark Street, S.E. (near London Bridge), VINE and PLANT MANUEE. The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, will in future sell their celebrated MANURE under the name of "COWAN'S VINE and PLANT MANURE," in place of " Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure." The composition will be the same, and the high quality in every way be maintained. Bags containing i cwt, 20s. ; i cwt., lOJ'. dd. ; \ cwt., 6^. ; J cwt., 3i'. (>d. Circulars, with full particulars, on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), L:mited, THE VINEYARD, GARSTON. GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST In tUe Market. (All sacks included. PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 4^ dd, per sack ; 5 sacks for aoj. PEAT, best black fibrous . . 35. iid. „ 5 sacks for 15J, PEAT, extra selected Orchid 51. od. „ LOAM, best yellow fibious .. "k PREPARED COMPOST.bestF , „„ k„,i, ,„,w ■ ^i j j ^ LEAF MOULD, best only .. V'' P" ^"^^ ^''^'^^ included ) PEAT MOULD „ .. J SILVER SAND, coarse, is. yi. per bush., 12;. half-ton, 22;. ton RAFFIA FIBRE, best only 8rf. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported . . %d. lb., a8 lb. i8j. TOBACCO PAPER ,, (Sptfcialit*?) %d. lb., 28 lb. i8j. MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack.. 51. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, alt selected 2J. per bush., 6j. per sack. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, \s. each ; 10 sacks, pi. ; 15 sacks, 13J. ; 20 sacks, 17J. 30 sacks, 25J. ; 40 sacks, 301, Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30J. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in sacks only, -zs. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWAIL. LONDON, E. BEESON'S MANURE Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes. Sold In Tins at Is., 2a. Gd., and 10s. 6d. eacU ; also In Sealed Alr-tlght Bags, containing 1 cwt., 133. The lOJ. 6(/. Tins setve as a strong substantial receptacle to refill from the i civt, hags. Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists in the Kingdom, or direct from the MANUPACTURBR, W.HiBeeson,Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. Testimonials from the Rev. Canon Hole, and most of the leading Gardeners, free on application. Pure Crushed Unboiled BONES, any size, for Vine Borders, &c. WHOLESALE AGENTS IN LONDON, CORRY. SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (Limited). EUREKA! ! INSECTICIDE. Prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, Stockbrldge, EdinburgH Highest Aivard, Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh, " Clovenfords, by Galashiels, N.B., July ag, 1883. " Mr. Smith, — Dear Sir, — We have now tried your Insecti- cide on all the Insects we can find on any of our Plants, includ- ing Orchids, ,'and ,used as directed by you we find it instant destruction to them all, while it neither stains nor injures the tenderast leaf. We shall in future use no Fir-tree Oil, or other Insecticide but yours. — We are, yours truly, "WILLIAM THOMSON and SONS." WHOLESALE AGENTS:— COURT, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., 18, Finsbury Street, London, E.C. Oil Paint no Longer Necessary. ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. {Registered Trade Mark.) H This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing or thinning, and is used cold. It is used m the grounds at Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most flattering testimonials have been received. Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at \s. 6d. per gallon, at the Manufactory, or is. Zd. per galloa carriage paid to any Station in the Kingdom. Unsolicited Testimonial. *'' Pierce field Park, June 2t, 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask, to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow, — I am, Sirs, yours re- spectfully, Wm. Cox." CAUTION.— Hiuu & Smith would particularly warn their Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much advertised. H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ; and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous Testimonials ihey receive, sump it as a truly genuine article. Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine. Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field and Entrance Gates. &c. , sent free on application to HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.; and 196. St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. 64 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January io, 1SS5. THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT MANURE.— Thi? Manure is now solely manufactured by u=, on our premises h-^re, and t3 be had through all Nursery and Seedsmen, or direct from us. We will be happy to forward descripiive circulars in reply to applications, containinz terms, &c. W. THOMSON AND SONS, Tweed Vineyard, Clovenfords by Galasheils. GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since iS!;^ against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips Green Fly, and other blight, i to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 410 16 ourices as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house frees ; and ia lather from the cake against American Blight Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, 15., 31., and los. 6d. GISMURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soften wet ground. Boxes, td, and is. from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. PURE WOOD CHARCOAL FOR VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES, ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES. AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds, Yorkshire. Under the Patronage of the Queen. JSMITH'S IMPERISHABLE • STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. 'I he Gardener's Magazine Says : — " We must give these the palm before all oiher plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford -on- A von. SILVER SAND, coarse 6s., Sj. and loj-. per ton. Sussex and Kent PEAT and LOAM, 6s., 8j. and loT. per cubic yard. Free on rail by truckloads. In sacks at moderate prices.— W. SHORT, Horticultural Company, Mid- hurst, Sussex. Established 1862. TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, \\d. per yard ; 4 yards wide, 3.^. per yard ; 2 yards wide, ics. per r 00 yards ; 4 yards wide, 20s. per 100 yards. NEW TWINE NETTING, I inch mesh, i yard wide. 2d.; 2 yards wide. ^d. ; 4 yards wide, 8,^. per yard. HEXAGON GARDEN NET- TING, seventy-six meshes to the square inch, 5*/. per yard. RABBIT NETS, BAT-FOLDING NETS, on Bamboo poles, 2or. CLAP NETS for birds, 30.T. complete. W. CULLINGFORD. Forest Gate, London, E. RUSSIA MATS. JAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every description of RUSSIA MATS for Covering, Tyine, and Packing, at the very lowest possible prices. TOBACCO PAPER, RAFFIA, BROWN PEAT, SILVER SAND. COCOA FIBRE REFUSE (Best only), and other HORTI- CULTURAL REQUISITES. Full Descriptive Priced CATALOGUE post-free on application. 149, Commercial Street, Shoredilch, London, E. ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.— The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sizes : — 6 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. g in. at 25. ; 6 it. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in at 2S. 2d. ; 6 ft. 6 in. by 7 ft.. 35. ar/. Apply to Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Tring. BLACKBURN AND SONS, • Ru.^siAN Mat Merchants and Importers. ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MATS of every de- scription at wholesale prices for Packing, Covering, and Tying, from I2r. per loD. Manufacturers of SACKS and BAGS, ROPES, LINES, and TWINES, SEED BAGS all sizes, SCRIM and TIFFANY, for shading and covering, in all widths : TANNED NETTING, TARRED TWINE and TARRED YARN, RAFFIA FIBRE for tying, TOBACCO PAPER and TOBACCO CLOTH, COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, and GARDEN SUNDRIES. Price List free on application. Special Quotations to large buyers, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C. Eosher's Garden Edging TUes. IHE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS . are made in materials o( great durability. The plainer sorts are specially ^bsxreu • suited for KITCHEN '^^^ GARDENS, as they h.ar- bour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, andt once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do " grown " Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c, in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground S:reet, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. Kingsland Road, E Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT " ACME" FRAMES. PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; aUo for FOXLEVS PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c, from 3s, per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Ptain or more elaborate De-^igns, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, S:c. Gronved and other Stable Paving of great durdbility. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in &reat variety. Slates, Cement,&c. F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SI L V E R S~ A N D, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantitie':. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. «» S. OWENS & CO., HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS, WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.C. THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM. This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c. 4 l 'A j' 5*- \ ILfi |/ i W^'^\ No. 37. DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power. No. 63. PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or Steam Power. [Gardens. &c. No. 463. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering No. 49a. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use. No. 5oandS4a. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description. No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction. S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hvdraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES, WATER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS, BATHS. DRYING CLOSETS, G.\SVVORKS, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS, HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part 0/ the Country. Plans and Estimates furnished. No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs. No. 54^. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the Right Hon. the Earl of Essex. No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes. No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN. YARD, or STABLE PUMPS. No. 39*. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for Garden use. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION. The COTTAGER'S Calendar OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Price 3d.; post-free, Sid. ; 20s. per 100. If oraered in quantities of not less than 200, Carriage will be paid to any part of the United Kingdom. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.O. January io, 1SS5 ] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 65 THOS. W. ROBINSON, DBNN/S PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE. The Best and Quickest Made. 4-m Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4*. 3 fullif reiurned No. 4, 16 ft. long, 6 it. wide, 600 is. 6d. ) at once. 13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches at the back; lights 2 inches thick, with iron bar and handle to each light. All uainted four coats of best oil colour, the lights ghued with 2.-0Z. English glass. Catalogues and Lists pcst-free. Patent Horizontal Tubular Boilers A 1. Have been giving unqualified satisfaction mote than 20 years. Ihousands in siiccesslul use. Possfjs the greatest area of heating ^urface. Will heat a greater lengih tf pipe with le^s fuel than any oih^r bo ler of same si7e. Require a shallow stokt hole. Have no j'jints at the ends of ihe tubes as in other lubu'ar boilers. Will last longer than any other boiler. The following Unsolicited Testimonial speaks for Itself :- " T/u- C.tufc-HS, ]l\-st AiJwy. Hornc thir g doing to it I will have it repl.-ced by one of yours. — I am, ycurs truly fsigr.ed) Geo. Murray." iWw, KexLed, and Reduad PRICE LIST, Just puOinlied, post-free on app.ication. CROMPTON and FAWKES (formerly T. H. P. Dennis & Co.\ Heating Engineers and Manufacturer?, Anchor Works Cheimsford (London Office : Mansion House buildings). The Original and only Genuine Trentham Rivetted Boiler. Recently Improved and E educed in Frice. Also Makers of all other kinds of Boilers ft;r Healing, no* HOi'-WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS of every description for Healing Appiralus. THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM. HIGH and LUW FKthUKE and Hi.lT-AIR HEATING .\PPARATUS ERECTED aid GUARANTEED. FRED. SILVESTER, Castle Hi)l Foundry, Newcastle, Staffjrdshire. IMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER. PATENT. Vine Rods are now attached to the wire, or lowered to be pruned, in a ftw moments. The fastener is always leady. and being made of strong maieiial will last several jeais. Many ex- perienced Vine growers have already adopted it, and expressed their entire appioval of the result. Bex containing 6 dozen, price 5J. Sold by R. H. and J. PEARSON, 141 and 14^ HighStreet, Netting Hill, W. ; and J. W. DART, St. Aubin's, Jersey. TMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER J- (Patenl). Great Economy in Time and Labour. Sample Box, containing six dozen, in three size?, price 51. Sold by R. H. AND J. PEARSON. 141 and 143, Hiph Streer, Nottmg Hill, London, W. ; and J. W. DART, :^t. Aubin's, Jersey. f^PHE "LANKESTER" HOT - WATER i- BOILER.— A Cast-iron, Solid, Waterway End Poiler. distinguished foritsDuiability, Efficiency, and Economyr f Fuel. Entire Waterway Back. Two Side Flues, Two Waterway Fiue Dividers, We guarantee this Boiler as the best with which we are acquainted. Pr ice of Boiler Long. Heat of 3iid*seto( 4-in. Pipe Fittings. A. 19 m. 150 feet ;£5 10 0 li, 32 in. 300 .. 6 IS 0 c. 24 in. 400 „ 8 5 0 1> 26 in. 5«> .> 9 10 0 F. 28 in. 600 1, 10 15 0 K, 32 m. 700 „ 12 5 0 36 in. 850 •> 13 IS 0 H 42 in. 1000 ,, IS 10 0 I, 48 m. 1250 .. 17 5 0 1. 54 in- 16-0 ,, 19 IQ Q K 60 in, 200Q ,, 23 10 U • Coi ises fii size double furnace door, ashpit door and regulator, cianked dead plale, bearing bars, fiic bars, three cleaning doors, damper, &c. Says a Gardener of great f.xperience: — "It is a wonderful Boiler. It is the best for keeping in at night that I know. It burns anvihing." " It will become a universal favouiiie." Out of a great number in use of these Boilers not one has been complained of. It will last out three wronght-iron Boilers. FOR SMALL CONSERVATORIES, for Heating from 50 to icofeet of pipe. An Independent Boiler, with furnace front, doors, fiie bars and dead plale complete, at d 6 feet of funnel. This is called the "LmLE WONDER." It is fixed in the end or side wall of conseivatory by any bricklayer." the funnel running up just outside the gl^ s . It can be applied almost everywhere. It will keep in all night. It is worthy of us name. Price cum- plete, 50 feet size, jC,^ 15; loofeetsize. ^5 151. Iftheque is enclosed with order 5 percent. Discount may be deducted; if not, reference to Banker required. LANKESTER & SONS, Horticultural Heating Engineers, Southampton. We send capable men to fix work in all parts of the Kingdom. Estimates given. Drawings of Patent and Special Appliances for Healing Dwelling Houses and Churches sent on applic;)iir>n. IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS, Iron and Wire Espalier, &c. .,i..^25S3l •Wi'Z CA T ALOGU E Frit. PUase naine Ml pa/ir. BAYLISS. JONES & BAYLISS, VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTOM ; And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, E.C. SPECIAL GLASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES, &c. All sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes onVpplication. T. & W. F A R M I L O E, Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, itc. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SON, 9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. E.C. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by 12 in., 20 in. by i4lq.» 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in , in 16-0^. and 21-oz. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in 200-ft. and ^oo-ft. cases. ARDETnIiEQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels^ Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Ruiiic Woik, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London. E.C. CONTBACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT. THE Thames Bank Iron Company, UPPEPv Special Ceitificate, awarded May 22. 1683. Flue and Termlsal-eDd Saddle BoUer. GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes. Illustrated CATALOGUE, xith Edition, price \s. Price List on application Free. Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or the Materials supplied. Patent EeUanco Rotary Valvea. 66 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Qanuary 10, 1885. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING. Head Line ckar^^ed as two. 4 Lines. 6 „ . 6 „ . 7 „ .. i ;;: 10 „ . I'i ;; :: SI ;: ;: . o 15 Lines. 16 „ . 17 „ . 18 „ . 19 „ . 20 „ . 21 „ . 2? " • S? » • 24 „ . 25 „ ., . o . o . o . o . o . o . o . o . o . o S 9 9 10 10 II II 12 12 13 13 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINK. If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J. Page £9 o o Half Page 500 Column , . . . . . ■•350 GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS. 36 words IS. 6d., and dd. for every additional ine {about 9 words) or part of a line, THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BK PREPAID. IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the autltorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5^. each insertion. Advertisements for the current -week must reach tlie Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable in Advance. Thb United Kingdom : 12 Months, £\ 33, lOd. ; 6 Months, lis. lid. ; 3 Months, 68, Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage, £1 6S. for 12 Months; India and China, £1 8s. 2d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE, W.C., to W. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. X TAKE NOTICE OF X WOOD X The Future Boiler for X Nurserymen and Gardeners, FOR Healing any amount of ^-inch Pipe up to 15,000 feet. Advantages over all other in- ventions :— The greatest amount of heat from less fuel. As seen by diagrams some tubes are m the very centre of the fire and others sur- rounded by fire. This Boiler is a combination of tubes, to meet the requirements of X the times. X Applicants are re<]ueiled to -write their addreaes plainly. T. ^VOOD, Hot Water Engineer, RUDGEWAY HOUSE, EASTVILLE, BRISTOL. nn HARPHAM, Practical RoCK Builder, -•- • and General Horticultural Decorator (for many years leadmc hand w.th Dick Radclyffe & Co., London), 107, Church Street, Edgware Road, London, W. Estimates free. T. H. undertakes all kinds of STONE. CORK or COMPOSITION WORK, PLUMBING, and ZINC WORK in connection with Horticultural Decorations, Aquariums Window Cases and Boxes. TILE FLOORS laid and all kinds of RUSTIC WORK made to order. Has obtained a Silver Medal, and also a Testimonial from Paris Exhibition for Horti- cultural Decorations. Orders by post punctually attended to. Conservatories Furnished by Contract, TUFFA STONE SPAR and CORK for sale, in stock. " Hand desinant donee perfeeero." R. S. DUNBAR & CO. (Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY), No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. 2-inch. 3-inch. HOT-WATER PIPES . \s. od. . .. 15. 4^. „ „ ELBOWS .. . IS. 2d. . . IS. ^d. „ „ SYPHONS - . IS. <)d. . . 2s. 6d. ,. „ TEES . IS. <^d. . .. 2s. 6d. 4-inch. IS. gd. per yard. 2s. 2,d. each. 35. 6d. each. 35. 6d. each. A Discount for Cash to the Trade. SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES, CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E. Principal— Mr. H. E. MiLNEK, A.M. Inst. C.E. Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower. Public Lectures. WEDNESDAYS at 4 p.m Prospectus and full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace. Mr. MiLNER has moved his Offices to the above address, where his professional work is now carried on. Gentlemen having Waste or Unprofitable Land SHOULD APrLY FOR PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES Mr. COOPER, F.B.H.S., GALOOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS. Farms, Estates. Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "^ Midland Counties heraldO&icc, Birmingham." The Midland Counties Hi rata always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to Farms. Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. Bel^an. BULLETIN d'ARBOR I CULTURE, de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve- NicH, F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern mentat Ghent. Post-paid, 10s. per annum, H. T. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens. Ghent, Belgium. To Trustees, Capitalists, Auctioneers, &c. Or young Gentlemen anxious to embark in business. WANTED, a PARTNER, with /looo to ^3000 (to open extensive Horticultural Auctioneers and Sale Kooms in London) in an old-established Nursery and Florist's Businefs. Good Covent Garden connection, Fiee- hold security in houses and land if necessary. A large general in and outdoor Stock, Horses, Vans, Caits, Planr, Slc. Six- roomed Cottage, &c,, in Nursery, if desirable. — C. C, C., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 4,i,WelJington Street, Strand, W.C. PARTNERSHIP or INVESTMENT^ -L Capital (small) wanted to extend very remunerative manufactures connected wite Horticulture. Full control of capital with employment if desired. — i, Clifton Villas, South Norwood, S.E. WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR- DENER, married, without family. Must undcrsUnd Vines, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen and Flower Garden.— Apply, by letter, to Mr. POTIER, Butcher, Lowfield Street, Dartford, Kent. WANTED, a FOREMAN GARDENER^ to take Management of Small Business. Jobbing Work, &c. Must be intelligent, energetic, and pushing man. — P. L, KINGSBURY, The Parade Nursery, 7 and 8, Ihe Parade, Lewisham, London, S.E. WANTED, a GARDENER, to Grow Flowers for Market in a small place near Balham, where a lad is kept. Must thoroughly understand his business. — C. "^.t Gardeners* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. WANTED, as GARDENER, and to Milk, &c , a strong, active, married man, age not to exceed 40. Many children an obstacle. A Norlhcounlry man, whose wife can undertake the Dairy, would be preferred. A good place, and wages, for a good man. — Apply by letter, giving all particulars, to Mr. CLARK, South Wales Colliery (Jo,, New- port, Monmouthshire. ANTED, a good GARDENER or FORE- MAN (mairied), to take charge of the Houses. Two young men under him. Must be well up in all branches of his depanment. Good cottage, &c. — Apply, first by letter, to C. PAY, Hamptworth, Downton, Wilts. WANTED, a PROPAGATOR and GROWER— one who has had good experience in pro- ducing Double Primulas, Bouvaidia, Cyclamen, Eucharis, Roses, and General Stock for Cut Flower and Plant Trade. Wages 30J.. rise after six months, if suited. — Apply, by letter only.to THOS. BUTCHER, Nurseryman, South Norwood.S.E. WANTED, AT ONCE, a steady married man, as SALESMAN and PROPAGATOR ; well up in Hard and Soft-wooded Plants, and understands Budding and Grafting, Bouquet and Wreath Making. No one need apply who cannot produce good testimonials. Wages aSj. per week. —ISAAC MATTHEWS and SONS, The Nurseries, Milton, Stoke-on-Trent. WANTED, a young MAN, to take charge of a few Glasshouses, well up in Propagating, and with a good knowledge of General Nursery Work. — Apply, stating reference, wages, &c., to EVANS and BAND, Florists, Nuneaton. Foreman for Fruit Department. WANTED, a first-class MAN for a large charge.— Apply with all particulars to NURSERY- MAN, Gardeners^ Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. Sfifid Tt'A.i^a WANTED, as INVOICE CLERK, a young man with a knowledge of the Seed Trade. — Apply by letter, to 90, Soulhwark Street. S.E. ANTED, a strong YOUTH, for City House. One having previous knowledge of Horticul* tural Sundries Merchants Business preferred. — Apply by letter, stating terms, to X, V. Z., 47, Evering Road, Stoke Newing- ton, N. WANTED, for a Florist and Seed Business, a young LADY, who has been accustomed to the business.— Apply, giving references, &c., to T. B.MORTON, Mowden Bridge Nursery, Darlington. WANT PLACES. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. — It is very important in Remitting by Postal Onier that it should be filled in payable at DRURY LANE, to IV. RICHARDS,as, unless t/ie Number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may Jail from negotiating it. N.B. — Tlie best andsajest means of Remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER. T> S. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he -*— '. has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the difTerent capacities will be made. — Holloway, N. C O T C H GARDENERS. —John Downie, Seedsman. 144, Princes Street, Edin- burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging from jtso to ^100 per annum, and he will be pleased to supply full paiticiilars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust- worthy and competent Gardener. ^fc H A R b s mITh AND ca beg to announce that they arc constantly receivinc applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c.— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. "]M"0TICE.— The undersigned, having several -*-* years' experience as a Planter in the Cultivation of all Tropical Producls. is prepared to visit and Report on Forest Land, Cultivated Estates, &c . in any of the British Colonies. Can also devole ioinc attention as a Plant Collector J. ALEXANDER, Uda Pusalawa. Ceylon. Cri ARDENER (Head)T— Age 42; thoroughly V^ practical in all branches. Land and Stock. Wife Cook and first-class ^Dairywoman. Girl and Schoolboy, — HY. DOWNS, Park Houie, Boxley, Maidstone, Kent. January io, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 67 GARDENER (Head), Land and Woods if required. — Age 34, married ; upwards of twenty years' souDd practical experience in some of the leading establishments of the country —HAROLD, Mr. Myatt, Hamber Lane, Preston, Welhnglon, Salop. GARDENER (Head).— J. H. Phillips, Birr Castle, Parsonstown, King's Co., Ireland, desires a re-engagement as above. Well versed in alt Horticultural branches. Can produce excellent testimonials, which will bear the strictest investigation. Full particulars on application. GARDENER (Head).— A Gentleman wishes most strongly lo recommend his Head Gardener as thoroughly competent to manage any place. Leaving through no fault.— G. PIGGOT, Esq., Pembroke Lodge, Sunningdale, Berks. ARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— Mrs. Fletcher. Holywell Park, Wrotham, Kent, wishes to highly recommend her Head Girdener, A. Steven^, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly competent man. Has been with her six years. — Address as above. GARDENER (Head).— Mrs. Colby, Fy- none, Boncath, R.S.O., can recommend a man with fifteen years' experience, of the strictest integrity, and fully qualified to manage a large establishment.— HEAD GARDENER, as above. GARDENER (Head) ; age 29.— Mr. D. C. Powell will be pleased to recommend his Foreman to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly trustworthy and energetic man. Thirteen years' experience in large establishments — The Gardens, Powdeiham Castle, Exeter. GARDENER (Head),— A Gentleman wishes to recommend his Head Gardener. Twelve years' character. Leaving through reduction in establishment. Thoroughly understands'Vines, Flowers. Carpet Bedding, &c — Rev. W. BEEBER. Hill House, Southwell. Notts. GARDENER (Head).— NEIL Sinclair, Gardener to the Marchioness of Dorsetshire, Easthanip- stead Park, Wokingham, Berks, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, H. Howell, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical man in all branches of the profession. Total abstainer. ARDENER (Head).— Mr. Hardwick, of Hollanden, Tonbridge, wishes to highly recommend his Head Gardener (G. Goldsmith), who has lived with him eight years, and six years with previous proprietor. Leaving on account of family moving to town. — For particulars apply to P. C. HARDWICK, Esq., address as above. GARDENER (Head) ; age 34, married.— D. Logan, Halecote Hall, Grange, Lane, is at liberty to re-engage with a Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical man in all branches of the profession. Head Gardener to the late Hon. CoL Stanley for seven years. — Address as above. GARDENER (Head) ; age 28.- Mr. BoDDEY, Eurwarton Hall, Bridgenorth, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, J. Leese, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly competent and trust- worthy man. Fourteen years* experience in good establish- ments. Full particulars on application. ARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married ; thoroughly experienced in the Management of Glass- houses, also in Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Has been a successful exhibitor. Has been eight years in present situation ; leaving on account of death of late employer. — Mr. G. FISHER, Gardener, Glanbrydaw Park, Manordeilo, Carmarthenshi re . ARDENER (Head) ; age 28.— Mr. Shaw, Gardener, Muucaster Castle, Ravenglass, Carnforth, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, C'Dalby. to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly com- petent and trustworthy man. Fourteen years' experience in good places. Full particulars on application. ARDENER (Head), or ESTATE BAILIFF. — Age 40 ; is now open to re-engagement. Long and successful experience in all branches. Has held both public and private situations ; last place eight years. Well educated, highly recommended, and thoroughly trustworthy. — G. L., Gatdetteri' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellineton Street. Strand. W.C. ARDENER (Head Working).— Eight years in last situation. Highly recommended.— B. L., Gardeuers' Chronicle Q^ce, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 26, married, no family ; two years Head in present place. Well recommended.— GARDENER, 15, Versailles Road, Anerley, S.E. ARDENER (Head Working).— Married, no family ; thoroughly experienced in all branches. Not single-handed.— J. M. HARDY, 8, The Limes, Moffat Road, New Thornton Heath, S.E. ARDENER (Head Working).— Married, no children; thoroughly understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character fi-om last employer.— W, B. 105, Pavillion Road, Sloane Street, Chelsea, S.W. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28, married, no family ; understands Vines. Peaches, Cucumbers. Melons, Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden, &c— H. JACQUES, 13, Fleet Road, Hampsiead, N.W. ^ ARDENER (Head Working, Single"^ HANDBD, or otherwise).— Age 2; ; can have first-class re- commendation as lo ability and general character from H. Downing, Gr. to T. D. Grissell, Esq., Norbury Park near Dorking. Surrey.— W. GRIMSHAW, Cobham, Surrey. I ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29, married, one child : thoroughly experienced in all branches (especially Orchids). Can have first-class references from present and previous employers. 15 years' experience, two and a half in present situation.— JAMES HIBBARD Gardener to C. Watkin, Esq., Westfield, Wellingborough. GARDENER (Head Working), where one or two others are kept. — Age 38, married, no family ; well e.\perienced in all branches. An abstainer. Excellent character.— S., 8, New Brent Street, Hendon, N.W. GARDENER (Head Working).—" Age 32, married ; understands Early and Late Forcing, also Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Eight years' good character. — S. R., 89, Stoke Neiwington Road. N. C^ARDENER (Head Working)— ^lobonus ' given to any one being the means of procuring the advertiser a situation as above. Character and abilities un- doubted. Total abstainer. — N, A , Gardeners' Chronica Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. C ^ARDENER (Head Working).— Thirteen ■^ years' experience in gardening in all branches. Could take charge of Land or Stock if required. Leaving present place through death in family.— GEORGE MORGAN, Trentham, Staffordshire. ARDENER (Head Working), where more are kept. — Thoroughly experienced in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Cut Flowers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Land and Stock. — Y., 23, Salisbury Road, Upper HoUoway, London, N. GARDENER, Second Worker preferred, small Single-handed not objected to. Good references from Rivers & Sons, also from present employers. — T. COOTE, Elsdon & Co., The Vineries, Milton, Cambs. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 28, married, no family ; well up in general routine]ot Garden- ing. Good references.- E. POSNETT. Dane Street, Bishop Stortford. GARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED).— Under- stands Glass and the real routine of Gardening, Seven years' good character. — N. B.. I9, Princess Mews, Hereford Road, Bayswater, London, W. G. ARDENER (Single-handed, or other- wise),— Ags 24 ; understands Vines, Peaches, Cucum- bers, Melons, &c., Kitchen and Flower Gardening. Good character. Total abstainer.- C. ARMER, The Gardens, Witherslack Hall, Grange-over- Sands, Lancashire. GARDENER (good Single-handed, or with help). — Single at present; good experience in all branches. Good character. Abstainer, — H. HARRISON, gA, Alkham Road, Stamford Hill, London, N. ARDENER (Second), in a good establish- ment, where three or more are kept. — Age 24 ; four years' excellent character from previous situation. State wages, &c. — E. SHARPE, Bury Dell, Park Street, St. Albans. ARDENER (SECOND or Third), in the Houses in a good private establishment. — Age 25 ; willing to assist out-of-doors if lequired. Can be highly recom- mended.—W. RICHARDSON, Verandah Cottage, Malvern Wells. Distance no object, ARDENER (Under).— Three and a half years' character from present situation. Used to Flower and Kitchen Gardening.- E. H., Gardens, Newbold Comyn, Leamington. FOREMAN.— A thorough Florist, well up in Outdoor Bedding, also in Growing and Training Plants for Show.— A. SOUTHARARD, Esq., Fern Lodge, Bracknell, Berks. "POREMAN ; age 25.— W. Kemp, Gardener, J- Doveridge Hall, Derby, can highly recommend J. Voss, in a good establishment. Has been in present situation three years. Disengaged when suited.— W. KEMP, as above, To Market Nurserymen. XpOREMAN ; could act as Salesman if J- required. — Sixteen years' experience in good Market Nurseries. Good connection with London Florists. — W. SMITH, 6, Lynn Terrace. Eastern Road, Piaistow, OREMAN ; age 24.— Mr. FOSSEY, Gardener to C. E. Goodhay, Esq.> Langley Park.Beckenham, can with confidence recommend his Foreman to any Gardener wanting a thorough practical, energetic man.- F. ENFIELD, Mereworth, Maidstone. Xj^OREMAN.— Mr. G. Abbey, Paxton Park, J- St. Neots, can with confidence recommend his late Fore- man, F. Hanson, to any Gardener, Good practical experience m all branches, including Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Pines, Vines. Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, House and Table Decora- tion, &c.— Apply with full particulars to F. HANSON, Nun* thorpe, R.S.O., Yorks. FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, GROWER for Market, &c, ; DECORATOR in all branches.— Age 29; fourteen years' experience in London and Provincial Nurseries. First-class references.— W. S., 19, Gladstone Road, Garston, near Liverpool "piOREMAN, or PROPAGATOR and -L ^GROWER (Indoor). Market or otherwise. Twenty years' practical experience in producing large quantities of Cut Flowers and Flowering Plants,— G. L., 30, Minster Road, Stamford Hill, London, N. "POREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN ■J- in the Houses in a Gentleman's establishment.— Age 24 ; good character.— G. L., D. Olney, New Road, High Bamet, Herts. POREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN, v -"u ^^^ Houses. — Age 24 ; eight years' experience in large establishments. Can be well recommended from present and previous employers. Bothy preferred.— J. T., The Gardens, Ashby Hall, Lincoln. TDROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Married ; J- thoroughly experienced in all branches. First-class refer- ences.-R, BROOM, Exotic Nursery, Tooting, S.W. "PROPAGATOR and GROWER, where J- Plants and Cut Bloom are wanted in quantity for Market, or otherwise.— Long experience. Good reference. Total abstainer.— W. ROLLS, 27, Turner Street, Sparkbrook. Bir- mingham. * JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22 ; six years' experience. Can be well recommended from present employer. Bothy preferred. —J. T., The Gardens, Moreton, Bideford, Devon. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 22.— William Mavhuhv. The Rookery Gardens, Dorking, will be pleased to recommend a young man to any Gardener requiring a steady, industrious young man. Two years in present situation. JOURNEYMAN (Third) with fair know- tJ ledge of work In and and Outdoors. Two years in last place. — W. K , Wood Green Park. Cheshunt, Herts. pOWMAN and UNDER GARDENER.— V-^Age 25 ; thoroughly understands Pigs and Poultry, and to clean knives. Good character.— J. DAVIES, The Elms, Golder's Green, Hendon, N.W. IMPROVER, under a good Gardener. — Age 19 —C. L., Walton Oakes, Epsom. TO HEAD GARDENERS. — A Lad (16), just left school, is desirous of a situation in a Garden ; near London preferred.— B. EDMONDS, Higham, Rochester. TO HEAD GARDENERS.— W. DENNIS, Head Gardener to the Marchioness of Westminster, Motcombe House, Shaftesbury, Dorset, wishes to place his son (a strong youth, of 16), under some good Gardener. To live in bothy, or otherwise. COWMAN. — Age 40, married, no encum- brance ; experienced, willing to assist in Garden. Wife undertake Dairy and Poultry Work. Good character. — J. D., Ashton Place, Alexandra Road, New Egham, Surrey. MANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN.— Age 30, married ; fourteen years' practical experience in the Wholesale and Retail Seed Trade. Fiist-cla>s refererces — J, CORN EY, Messrs, Johnson & Son, Seed Merchants, Boston, Lincolnshire. NURSERY MANAGER (General or Indoor) — Twenly-five years' experience in the various departments. Good Salesman and Correspondent. Artistic Floral Decorator. Bouquetist, and Wrealhist.- HORTUS, 5, Bowhilt Terrace, Edinburgh. SHOPMAN, or TRAVELLER.— Age 26 ; eleven years' experience in all branches of the business. Unexceptional references.— J. J,, 7, The Groves, Chester. SHOPMAN.— Age 23 ; six and a half years' experience in Seeds, Plant?, Flowers, &c. Good refer- ences.—IBERIS, 31, St. George's Square, Tonbridge Road» Maidstone. SHOPMAN (Second) in a good House, or would MANAGE a Small Business. — Age 23, married; now disengaged. Near London preferred. Good knowledge of Retail Trade m Agricultural, Vegetable, and Flower Seeds, also of Plants. First-class seven years' character from present employers — John Laing & Cc. — A. V., Stanstead Nurseries, Fore-st Hill, S.E. To the Seed Trade. IHOPMAN,or ASSISTANT.— Age 21 ; five ^J years' experience. Highest references.— H. FOLL, Kingsley Park, Northampton. Sfifid TT3.dfi SHOPMAN (Assistant).— Age 21 ; eight years' experience. — For references, &c., HENDJiR- SON AND SON. Seed Merchants, Brechin. N.B. O FLORISTS.— Wanted, by a Tradesman's Son. a situation in the Houses (nursery or otherwise). Age 19. Five years' experience in general routine. — W, T, JAMES, Barfield Nurseries, Ryde, Isle of Wight. O FLORISTS and SEEDSMEN. — Wanted, to place a Youth (age 15) with a Florist and Seedsman. — ;io2, Upper Street, Islington, London, N. TO FLORISTS. — A young Lady, experienced in the Management of a Large Cut Flower Trade, is in want of a similar engagement where she would live on the premises. Can be highly recommended for Bouquets, Wreaths, Crosses, Sprays, Epergnes, &c. — F. P., Bon Marche des Fleurs, Westbourne Grove, London, W. : ' ' "• m GRATEFUL— COMFOKTING. EP PS' S CO COA. BKEAKFAST. " By 3 thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli- cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps has provided cur breakfast tables with a delicately flavoured beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution may be gradually built up tmtil strong enough to resist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point. We may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Service Gazette. Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in Packets, labelled thus :— JAMES EPPS & CO., HomoeopatlLlc Cbemlsts, London. England. OiTlOWAY'S OINTMENT AND PILLS, — Rheumatism and Gout. — These purifying and soothing remedies demand the earnest attention of all persons liable to gout, sciatica, or other painful affections of the muscles, nerves, or joints. The Ointment should be applied after the afTecied parts have been patiently fomented with warm water, when it should be diligently rubbed upon the adjacent skin, unless the friction should cause pain. Holloway's Pills should be simul- taneously taken to reduce inflammation and to purify the blood. This treatment abates the violence and lessens the frequency of gout, rheumatism, and all spasmodic diseases, which spring from hereditary predisposition, or from any accidental weakness of constitution. The Ointment checks the local pain. Th« Pills restore the vital powers. S^ 68 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE tjAKUARY 10, iSSj. CLEVELAND'S ALASKA PEAS. THE QUICKEST ELITE PEA ON RECORD. FROM the time this Pea was first chosen by the raiser, as being a model of a first-class FIRST EARLY BLUE PEA, the greatest pains have been taken in maintaining the type, and it is now considered perfection. Its height is about 2 feet, compact in growth, wonderfully productive, pods well-shaped and filled from end to end, six to eight Peas in each, ripening at one time — a most desirable feature to be maintained in a First Early Pea ; flavour delicious and undoubtedly the earliest BLUE PEA introduced, and its hardy nature enables it to resist unfavourable weather. Siock being limiled it can be sold only in Sealed Packets. Half-pints, Betail, 2s. 6d. each. CLEVELAND'S R. N.Y. PEAS. THIS FIRST EARLY PEA is now offered in quantities suitable to MARKET GARDENERS and others desirous of at once testing this highly recommended Early Pea. They will be sold under the name as above, in original Sealed Packages — Two Bushel Bags, Sealed, 30a. per Bushel; One Bushel Bags, Sealed, 328. per Bushel; Quarter Bushel Bags, Sealed, 35s. per Bushel. Af^ Ihc Stock in the hands cj the raiser is very limited, early orders are solicited, it deinj; desiralile tliat they should be distributed as widely as possible. Seeds— white. Is beyond all doubt the earliest Pea yet introduced. It is of robust and branching habit, thus requiring less seed to the acre, and in a fair season presents the appearance of being clothed with pods. It is not only the earliest and most hardy, but the most productive, and it ripens so uniformly that the haulms can be stripped of 80 to 90 per Cent, of the pods in one picking. The pods are very large, and contain from six to nine Peas, of a flavour almost equal to that of a green Wrinkled Pea. Height 2 feet. "'-"--•- subjected to more severe tests. No Pea has been put out with broader claims, nor been To be had of- Messrs. HENRY CLARKE and SON, King Street, Covent Ga:deD, W.C. Messrs. F. and A. DICKSON and .SON. Che.ter. Messrs. HOWCROFT AND WATKINS. Tavistock Row, Covent Garden, W.C. Messrs. HURST and SON, 152, Houndsditth, E. Messrs. HARRISON and SON, Leicester. Messrs. W, ^. JOHNSON and SON, Boston, Lincolnshire. Messrs. NUTTING and SON, r.6, Southwarlt Street, S.E. Messrs. WAITE, NASH. HUGGINS and CO., 79. Southwark Street, S E. Messrs. JACOB WRENCH ani> SONS, 39, King WiUiam Street, London Bridge, E.C Mr. ROBERT COOPER, 90, Souihwaik Street, S.E. Mr. SAMUEL YATES, Manchester. SHARPE'S EARLY PARAGON PEA. H CO LJ q: < LU liJ I o cc DC < Q Ul _i z 0> -a to ^ '^ <; 5 p. Ci w 1884. hi hi g z 7^ r m a > 33 O H I m m > m CO H ° First-class Certificate Royal Horticultural Society, PAR.^GON shows in many respects a great improveinent upon any variety at present in the trade. It is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow of fine flavour ; height from 3 to 4 feet. The pods are produced two and three together in such abundance as to almost conceal the fohage. They are of an unusual size, broad and thick backed, containing from twelve to fourteen immense Peas packed in a double row as shown in the illustration. Paragon is the earliest of the large Wrinkled Marrows, being ready before Prizetaker. It is very hardy, and will stand earlier sowing than any Pea of its class. It is most valuable tor succession crops as if is not liable to mildew, and a constant supply of Peas for four months can be obtained from this one variety. TRADE LIST OF SPECIALITIES ON APPLICATION. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED MERCHANTS, SLEAFORD. StlfllliWilil Ilea d~| IHWiHl^lfll Section of a Rafter before attd after Glazing, NO IRON, ZINC, OR PUTTY USED. No Special Contract Required for its Adoption. SUITABLE FOR ALMOST UNIVERSAL APPLICATION. N.B. — The Lead Strips, which are the special feature of this System, require no Skilled Labour to fix ; breakages can be repaired by any one ; and ALL OUTSIDE PAINTING IS DISPENSED WITH. SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE PATENT LEAD STRIPS, Section 0/ a Wittdow Sash'Bar be/ort and after Glazing. Write for Prospectus, lUuBtrationii, and Testimonials. GROVER & CO. (Limited), Engineers, &c., Britannia Works, Wharf Road, City Road, N. A New Edition. Fcap. Cloth. Price "js. MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE MANAGEMENT AND ADORNMENT OF GARDENS OF EVERY SIZE. London : BRADBURY, AQNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street. E.C. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradburv. Acnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlevsx, and Pubhthcd bjr the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County. — Saturdav, January 10, 1885. Agent for Manchester— John Hbywood. Agents (or Scotland — Messrs. J. Mhnziks & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow, THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. CstablisljeD 1841. No. 577.— Vol. XXIII. {s^rT^s.} SATURDAY, JANUARY 17, 1885. { Registered at the General Post-office as a Newspaper. ;} Price 6d. Post-free. $\(f. CONTENTS. Alocasis guttata var. itn- perialis .. . . .. 85 | Amateur growers for mar- I ket •■, 93 I Anihuiium=, propagation ot' B3 Apple Congress, report of the .. ..90 Apples and soils . . . . 7Q ' Aspleniiim EeTmanicum .. So I Asirapxa Wallichii .. S5 | Batkeiia eltgatiS .. ..83 Boilers 76 Boiler, Foster and Peat- son's horizontal tubular 88 Callleya dolosa .. .. 8^ Chili. Miss Noith in .-77 Crewe Hall 75 Cucumbers, culture of ihe 79 Cultures in South Austra- lia, new 85 Drawing 78 Epiphyllums .. .. io Eucharis amazonica .. 90 Evergreens, protection of recently p'anted . . 8a Flower garden, the .. 87 Fiuit, Canadian .. ..82 Fruils under glass ,. 87 Gardeners' Royal Benevo- lent Institution .. ..84 Gas-lime for weeds .. 86 Grass and Clover crops.lhe 86 Hardy fiuii gaTden. the .. 88 Hymenocalli*, the ..90 Kitchen garden, the . . 88 Lselia autumnalis ,, .. 83 I atest novelties, the . . 76 Lily of the Valley.. .. 86 Lima Bean, the ,. Lime and potash to remove tar Narcissi, Afr can .. National Auricula, Carna- tion and Picotee Society (Southern Section) National Chiysattbemum Society, the National Rose Society and affiliated societies Odontcglossum vexilla- rium superbum .. Orangery, the .. .. Orchard house, the Orchids at Lyihe Hill .. ,, for amateurs. . .. Oxford Botanic garden, the Plants and their culture , . ,, new, hardy, and half hardy Potato, sclerotia of Potatos branching.. Primula Horibunda Rafflesip, a rew ,. Royal Horticultural So- ciety Seed F-trir, Messrs. Wtbb& Sons' .. Sibthorpia europsea vaiie- gata Societies : — Royal Horticultural .. Stamp duty Tarred hot water pipes .. Tree Pasonies Victoria regia Weather, the ILLUSTRATIONS, Asplenium germanicum Boiler, Foster and Pearson's horizontal tubular Lily-house in Oxford Boianic Garden . . Lima Bean, a plantation cf PoUlo, a branched NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS ami OTHERS. Post-office 07-ders and Postal Of'ders should be made payable at DRURY LANE. 'h^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 1 IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6,35 for Twelve Monihs. Agcit for America :-C. H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, U.S.A., lowhom American Orders may I e sent. h"e bath rose show will be htU on THURSDAY, Julv ■>. Prize Schedules for the BATH BULB SHOW, to he heM WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, March 55 and 26, are now '"<'>•• BENJAMIN PEARSON, Secrelary. 14, MiI.om Street, Bath. KICHMOND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The ELEVENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held on WEDNESDAY, June 24, and the FIFTH AUTUMN EXHIBITION on Novetnbcr sand 6, 1885. Schedules may be obtained on application to J. H. FORD, Hon, Sec, 22, George Street, Richmond. IRMINGHAM CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY. The NEXT EXHIBITION of CHRYSANTHEMUM and FRUIT in connection with this Society will be held on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY.NovemberrS and rg, t88s. ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS. —New Descriptive CATALOGUE, No. 296, post-fite on application. JAMES DICKSON & SONS. '-Newton" Nurseries. Chesttr. ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.— Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write for R. H.VERTEGANS" Pocket CATALOGUE, and make your choice from his unrivalled Collection. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. Grape Vines. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have this seaion a grand stock of Grape Vines, suitable for Fruiting in Pots and Planting in Vineiies. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade supplied. The Vineyard and Nurseries. Garston, Liverpool LARCH. — LARCH.— LARCH.— Special cheap cfTer. to clear ground. From 3 feet upwards at very low prices ; also other FOREST TREES. GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst. STRONG MANETTI STOCKS, fit for inrmediate working, at unusually low prices ; &c. A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK, Dedemsvaatt, by ZwoUe, Holland. Omission. CLEVELAND'S PEAS.— .y^i- large Adver- tisement in last Saturday's Gardeners' Chronicle. Messrs. WATKINS and SIM PSON. Exeter Street, Strand. were ACCIDENTALLY OMITTED in the List of Firms from whom ihey can be obtained. NOVELTIES and SPECIALITIES for 1885, in Flower and Vegetable Seeds. See BARR and .^ON'S Descriptive Spring CATALOGUE, just published. Free on application. BARR AND SON, iz and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. GLADIOLI.— Twenty Acres. The largest collection in Europe. CATALOGUES free, with Cultural Directions. KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset. Tcs. ROBGS THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully ripened^ and are ready to start immediately into growth, CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied. ARDY GROWN FOREST TREES from the North of Scotland. A large stock of seedling and transplanted Forest Trees, &c. , cheap. Write for quota- tions and samples. W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Nurserymen, Dundee. N.B. s E A K A L E and ASPARAGUS. Crowns for Forcing. Apply to WILLIAM BAGLEY, Millshot Farm, Fulham, S.W. LOVEL'S STRAWBERRY PLANTS,— GREENHOUSE, 51. per rco, 401. per 1000. GARDEN, is. 6d. per 100, 20J per icoo. Sample and Pamphlet, post free, ^d. EL AND SON, Strawberry Growers, Driffield. sample ana r^ampniet, post W. LOVEL AND SON, Strawberry ( Jolmston's St, Uartln's Rhubarb. EARLIEST and BEST in CULTIVATION. Strong Roots, ij. each, 91. per dozen. Trade price, on application. W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Nurserymen, Dundee, N.B. AGE PLANTS, if. 6d. per dozen. Order of R. BATH, Crayfotd, Kent. s GRAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant- ing Caues ; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Suzrey. GOOSEBERRY TREES and Carter's Prolific RASPBERRY.— Strong 2-yr. and 3-yr. old Lan- cashire Lad amd Raspberry Canes for Sale. App'y to W. WARREN, Worton Gardens, Islewoith, W. OR SALE, CHEAP, a lew hundred strong OAK, 6 to to feet, or would EXCHANGE for strong ASH. JOHN WATKINS, Fruit and Potato Grower, Pcmona Farm, Withington, near Hereford To Nurserymen. Private Growers, &c. ACATTANEO, COMMISSION SALESMAN, • 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Coveut G-irden, W.C, isopen to RECEIVE CONSIGNiMENTS of CHOICt CUT FLOWERS in quantities. Terms on application. U QU E L C H AND B A RN H A M, O Long Market. Covent Garden. London, W.C. REQUIRE a quantity of fine M uscats, for w hlch they can offer good priceu, aUo fine Black Grapes, Tomaios. Cucumbers, choice Flowers, &c. QU E L C H AND B A R N H A M, giving personal attention to all consignments, they are thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. SQUELCH AND BARN HAM. ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and CHEQUES forwarded weekly. BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES. BASKETS and LABELS supplied. ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, begtoinformSendersthat GARDEN IAS, EUCHARIS, and STEPHANOTIS are in demand. WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W,C., have now a demand for Tuberoses, Arum Lilies, White Bouvardias, good Roses, Chrysanthemums, &c. ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of To- matos. Cucumbers, Gros Colmar, Alicante, and Muscat Grapes. ANTED, large ARECAS, SEAFOR- THIAS, KENTIAS. ASPIDISTRAS, and other ORNAMENTAL FOLTAGED PLANTS. State size and Price. NEI.MAN AND CORNISH, Portman Floral Hall, 29, Orchard Street, Portman Square, London, W. ANTED, Lancashire Lad GOOSE- BERRIES, and Standard Victoria PLUMS, Quote price per tcoo. IRELAND AND THOMSON, 20, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh. STOLEN.— A number of ADDRESSED COPIES of CARTERS' CATALOGUE of GARDEN SEEDS for 1885 having been STOLEN from their Warehouse, Messrs. Carter & Co., respectfully ask those Customers who have net received the back to communicate to them, in order ihata fresh copy may be posted. JAMES CARTER AND CO., Seedsmen, by Royal Warrant, to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, 237 and 238, High Hulborn, London, W.C. Garden Flower Seeds, and Spring Bulbs. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., BULB • Grower and Shildsman, Haarlem. Holland, begs to announce that hi; CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, and may be had Free on application to Messrs. P. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens, London, E.C ENUINE SEEDS.— GeneraTcATA- LOGUE of Kitchen Garden, Flower, and Agricultural Seeds, Plants, Roses, Vines, &c.. Implements, Garden Requi- sites, &c.. is now ready. Free to Customers. LAING AND CO., Slanstead Park, Forest Hill. S.E. EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Orders are now being booked forthe New Varieties of 1884 at los. per doz ; Cuttings, 1883 Varieties, 4J. per doz. ; best Old Varieties, ij.6becK Forcing Asparagus. r> AND G. NEAL beg to offer the above \i» by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and ttans- planted last spring). Samples with Piice on application. Also beg to call theattention of Nurserymen. Builders, and others to their exceptionally fine stock ot FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W. ASPBERRY CANES.— An immense quantity of the choicest Carters' Prolific and Fastolf for dispcsal. The Advertiser being the most extensive cultivator of Rasp- berries in England, special care will be taken to select Canes most suitable for a vigorous growth and an eaily fruiting. Lowest ca^h terms on application to R. BAfH. Crayford, Kent WRIGHT'S well-known CELERIES : the finest in cultivation : — GROVE RED, GROVE WHITE, GROVE PINK, and GIANT WHITE, each per packet, u., the four 3J., post-free, or 47J. per ico packets. WRIGHT'S PERFECTION BROCCOLI, jj. packets. „ EARLY MARKET CABBAGE, finest fearly variety known, 15. per packet. CUCUMBERS— TELEGRAPH, good true stock, packet u. ; 100 seeds. 4s. ; per ounce, 131. PARAGON, good, packet, IS ; 100 seeds, ^s.\ per ounce, 12s. PRINCE of WALES, fine show variety, packets, is ; 100 seeds, 4J. ; per ounce, 14J. All my own careful saving, and strongly recommended. Cash from unknown correspondents. WILLIAM WRIGHT, Seedsman, Retford, Notts. To the Trade Only. FERNS — FERNS — FERNS. — Adiantum cuneatum, A. trapezlforme, A, gracillimum, Lomaria gibba, Lastrea aristata variegata, Pteris scriulata ctistata Cowani, P. serrulata : nice plants in 6o's, 205. per ico. Adiantum cuneaium. A. gracillimum, A trapeziforme, in 4 and 4^^ inch pots, 401. to 501. per 100, accoiding to size ; Adiantum Pacotti, in 6o's, 30^. per 100; ditto, in 4 and 4J4 inch pots, 501, per 100. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. Qohn Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool. U P E C I A L CHEAP O F F E R.— O ALDER, ASH. BIRCH, F.LM, Auslrian PINK, MAPLE, OAK (EnElUh), PRIVET ovalifolla, PRIVET Evergreen. All the above good stout stuff, from 2 to 4 feet. POPLAR in vaiiety. from 4 to 10 feet ; THORN QUICK, 3, 4, and s feet : YEWS, extra strong ; SYCA- MORES, qloefeet ; BERBERIS AQUI FOLIA, ij^ to 3 feet; CUPRESSUS, various, 2 to 10 feet ; Golden ELDER, Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS, HOLLIES in variety, from I to Q feet : splendid stuff, all recently transplanted, IVIES in variety, LAURtLS in sorts, 2 to 4 feet ; LILACS, 3 to s feet : RET1NOSPOR.\S, in sorts, i to 6 feet ; English YEWS, 2 to 4 feet, fine stuff; AZALEA PONTICA. i to 3 (eet ; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and other planting, from I inch to 3 feet : several hundred thousand choice named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeed plants; Cunning- ham's White CAUCASICUM PICTUM J.'VCKSUNIANA. &c. Double Yellow and While PRIMROSES. For price and particulars apply to ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, The Nurseries, Milton. Stoke-on-Trent. J LEWIS AND SON, Newtown Nurseries, • Malvern, ofTer for Sale three thousand LAURUSTI- NUS, beautifully set with bloom, from i to 1% foot, bushy, suitable for pots. Also a large quantity of Common LAU RELS, from 2 to 5 iect. AKo several thousands of Dwarf ROSES, including La France, Mdlle. Eugfcne Verdicr, Duke of Edin- burgh, Boule de Neige, Gloire de Dijon, A. K. Williams, Mrs, Jowitt, Marie B.iumann. &c. , in lots to suit purchasers. No reasonable offer will be refused. A R R 1 S O N AND SONS Royal Nur.teries, Leicester, have to offer :— 10,000 Strong GOOSEBERRIES, mostly Warringtons. 6,000 IVIErt, mostly Irish. 7,coo POPLARS, 6 to t» feet. 1,000 Stan.l.ird Horse CHESTNUTS, fine 20,000 Buvhy Evergreen PRIVET. 2 to i feet. 2.000 AMERICAN ARBOR-VIT-l!:. " 2,coo Common LAURELS, 3 to 4 Icct. extra. 1,000 Paul's Crimson I'HORNS, standards. 1,000 Pyramid APPLES, PEARS, and PLUMS. 1,000 Standard PEAKS. All well grown, Special quotations and samples free. January 17, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 71 B. 8. WILLIAMS' NEW TOMATOS. I POST FREE. WILLIAMS' RED KING. The best Exhibilion TOMATO. The best outdoor TOMATO. The best shaped TOMATO. Price. 23. 6d per packet. WILLIAMS' GOLDEN QUEEN. Awarded a Fiist-class Certificate at the Chiswick Trials. rhe test yellow TOMATO. The lareest yellow TOMATO. The most distinct yellow TOMATO. Price, 23. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' NE PLUS ULTRA. * The best flavoured TOMATO. The largest red TOM.\TO, weighing from 14 to 20 oz each. The richest ccloured TOMATO. Price, Is. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' Orangefield Improved A great improvemeot on the old foim otOrangefield TOMATO, sentout by us nearly 2oy ears ago. The best Matket TOMATO. 1 he earliest TOMAl O. The most prolific TOMATO. Price, 6d. per packet. I I ILLUSTRATED SEED CATALOGUE gratis and post-free on application. lUPPER HOLL0WAY,L0ND0N.N.! SURPLUS STOCK, beautiful Specimens of ORNAMENTAL and EVERGREEN TREES, in per- feet condition for lemoval, at extraordinarily low prices. Special LIST, just pub ished, on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. SPARAGUS ROOTS (Harwood's Giant). Very strong and fit forabundant produce the first season ; per 100, 75. 6d. ; extra, immense roots, per loo, las. (>d, HOOPER AND CO.. Covent Garden. London, W.C. I CANNELL'S DAHLIAS. A VTE have the Largest and most Complete V V Collection of POT ROOTS for immediate propagation in the Trade. 6s. per do?., and upwards. Send for a Catalogue. CANNELL'S ROSES. WE have the Finest and Best STANDARDS in the Trade. 15s. per dozen. HALF STANDARDS, I2J. per dozen. .\11 the best sorts. CANNELL'S CARNATIONS, CLOVES, and PICOTEES. WE have the most Complete and Largest Collection in the Trade, Zs. per doien and upwards. Stndfor a Catalogue. THE HOME OF FLOWERS, SWANLEY, KENT. A SPECIALITY. Rhododendrons and other American Plants, Grown in Sandy Loam. A superb Collection of all the leading varieties in cultivation. Also thousands of RHODODENDRON PONTICUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverts. Priced LISTS on application. JOHN CRANSTON, KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 1884-5.— Our Descriptive Priced LIST is now ready, and can be had free on application to T. JACKSUN AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston-on-Thames. Surplus Stock. ISAAC DAVIES and SON beg to offer the following plants, in which they abound, at reduced prices ; — RHODOUtNDRONS, hybrid Seedlings, various colours, fine bushes, 3 to J feet, well budded, 30X. to 40J. per dozen. ,, Selected hybrid Sccdlinps, ctlour labelled on each plant, 2/^ to 'i}A feet, well budded, •2^5. to 30J. per dozen. „ Choice named kinds, fine bushy plants, i\^\.o-2% feet, well budded, 301., 40i. to soj. per dozen. ,, Seedlings from our choicest kinds, various colours, 12 to 15 inches, bushy, 30J. to scs. per ico. AZALEA PONTICA, bulhy plauts, well budded, 45., 6j. to OJ. per dozen. ,, Mollis, Seedlings from best varieties, colours kept disiiix't, nice bushes, 5 to 12 buds, 91. per dozen, 50J. per 100; same size, many with buds, 351. per 100, jCi5 per loco. „ DAVIESII, beautiful trusses of white sweet-scented flowers, best of all for forcing, fine plants, well budded, 24J. to 30J. per dozen. DAPHNK MLZtREUM, reds, bushy and covered with buds, 15 to iS inches, ar. (id. per dozen, i6j. per loo ; ij4 to 2 feet, 41. per dozen, 25^'. per loa ; whites, 15 to 18 inches, bu;-hy and covered with buds, 41. per dozen. ERICA HERBACKA ALBA (new hardy Heath), now coining into flower, sx. per dozen, 30J. per 100. SKIMMIA JAPONIC.V, fine bushes covered with bujs, 6j. to 85. per dozen. LILIUM AURA rUM, home-grown bulbs, all of which bore heads of flower last summer, gr to \is. per dozen. We have a fine stock of Green and Variegated HOLLIES, fri m 2 to 5 feet high, well rooted, and a large General Nursery Stock. Also Sweei-scemed RHODODENDRONS and other choice hybrids o( our own raising. Priced CATALOGUE on application.— Ormskirk, Lancashire, PRUNUS PISSARDI. - PRUNUS PISSARDL True Variety. LPAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay • (Seine), near Paris, France, who has introduced from Persia this fine new ornamental tree, with its dark red-colourej leaves and deep black-coloured wood, offers it as under : — Young plants, \ Ko \% foot, ;^3 per 100. II I j^ to 3 f^et, £,^ per 100. Strong bushy plants, 3 to 4 feet, ^t 5i. per dozen. ,, 4 to 6 feel, £,\. lor. to ^z per dozeo. [dozen. Extra strong plants, fine specimen pyramids, £,1 to £,1 per Standards wiih nice headF, ^£2 to ^3 per dozen. E.xtra strong Specimen Standards, bushy heads, j^4perdoz. Note — Masses or groups of Prunus Pissardi and Acer Negundo folia variegata, when planted together produce a very splendid decorative effect. L. Paillet can supply by the thou- -'and, ACER NEGUNDO, low budded, HaU-standards and Standards, frcm £^i lOf. to ^8 per 100, according to size. CATALOGUE, published in English, can be had on demand. Established liiz/. GLADIOLIAND DAHLIAS Direct from the Growers. ANT. ROOZEN k SON, OVERVEEN, near HAARLEM, HOLLAND. Our Autumn CATALOGUE of ihe above for 1884-5. contain- ing all the new varieties, is now ready, and will be totwaided post-free on application to our agents. Messrs. MERTENS and CO., 3, Cross Lane, London, E.C. PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES. Gentlemen desirous of obtaining the true WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES for Autumn ard Winter Planting, should send their Orders as early as convenient to Mr, COOPER, KR,H.S., CALCOT GARDENS, READING. BERKS, of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained. Price LISTS on application, THE NEW RASPBERRY LORD BEACONSFIELD (a Seedling). The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First- class Certificates. Royal Horticultural Society, 1883. Strong Canes. 151. per dozen, £s 55. per loo ; 4 feet Fruiting Cane=, gs, per dozen, £2 P^f ^'^' Usual allowance to the Trade. A. FAULKNOR, I N K P EN, HUNGERFORD. SEED POTATOS. C. Fidler's New Annual Catalogue OF SEED POTATOS wiil be sent Gratis and Post-free on application. It contains a complete descriptive List of all the choicest varieties in cultivation, aUo valuable hints on Potato Growing. Every one who has a Garden should send for a copy. C. FIDLEB, POTATO GROWER, READING. VECETABLEc^ FLOWER fslow Keady Posh free Two Stamps DescripfiveCatalogue^CulfuralCuide JfHEAL^^ONS ^ . W Qawley ^ Sussex. CARTERS' Sterling Vegetable Novelties The Champion Peas of the World CARTERS' STRATAGEM CARTERS' TELEPHONE CARTERS' PRIDE Of THE l ,, ^ ,, «, MARKET .. f Per pint. Post-free. iS. td. .. 3 J. od. 21. od. . . aj. 6d. Opinion 0/ Recognised A uthoriites. The finest Peas In cultivation —A. F. BARRON. The finest I have yet seen.-D. T. FISH. Stratagem Is a gem.-R. GILBERT. Stratagem is a grand aoqusltlon.— Car^^^'^^^" 7A Mi "ii^^'^i p>' Laing's Begonia Seed. JOHN LAING & CO. GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from cur Prize Plants. New crop now harvested. Sealed i>ackets. CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, 1/- and ?/6 per packet ; 5/- extra large packets ; double varieties, 2/6 and <;/- per packet. COLLECTIONS, 12 named varieties, separate, 7/6 ,, 6 named varieties, separate, 4/- Beeonia Growers. Forest Hill, S.E. COOLING'S OMEGA BEET. HantJsome in shape and of rich crimson colour, but more especially remarkable for its distinct flavour, which is delicately sweet and agreeable, far surpassing any other variety. Per packet is., post-firee. Trade price on application. GEO. COOLING & SON, SEEDSMEN, BATH. Great Reduction in Prices of Roses. STANDARDS and HALF - STANDARDS, best sorts, 15J. per dozen, 1201. per 100. DWARFS, LARGE BUSHES, 7.;. per dozen, 55J. per roo. The following letter, selected from many hundreds of similar ones, is, I trust, a sufficient proof that the plants are of the best quality : — ■' Hill Side. 203. Richmond Road, Putney. Nov. 26. 18S4. "Sir, — I am much pleased with the fine healthy plants you lavement me. Both the Dwarfs and Standards aie specimens of skilful cultivation. They are particularly well rooted, and are in every respect all that a Rose-grower can desire.^I am, yours faiihfully. " B. G. Colebv. "To Mr. Frank Cant, Rose-Grower, Colchester." A Descriptive CATALOGUE Post-Jrce on applicaiioH to FRANK CANT, "The" Rose-Grower, The Mile End Nurseries, Colchester. PUTBUSH'S MILL- \J TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.— Too well known to require description. Price 6j. per bushel (rj. extra per bushel for package), or td. per cake ; free by Parcels Post, \s. None genuine unless in sealed pack> ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON (Limited), Nursery men and Seed ^lerchants. Higheate Nurseries. N. Great Reduction in Prices. Tvcnty per Cent, allowed off Catalogue Prices for Cash. Free on Kail, Colchester Station. No extra charge for Packing. COLCHESTER ROSES Have been made famous all over the World by BENJAMIN R. CANT, The Old Est.iElished and Celeisr.^ted ROSE GROWER, COLCHESTER. WINNER Of the CHAMPION CUP of tlie NATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY THREE YEARS In SUCCESblO^. * CATALOGUES fost-frce, on afpliculion * Specialities for 1885. ILLUSTRATED LIST Of Choice New Seeds for Gardeners and Amateurs. Post-free 6d. Sent free to all Customers. E. J. J ARM AN, The People's Seedsman, CHABD, SOMERSETSHIRE. I Lalng'B Rose Trees. JOHN LAING & CO. Roses for Removal now. Per tlol. Stand.irds, choicest and bcfl sorts .. i8j. and air. \ Hal(-Stand.irds ,, , 15^- .. »8i. ^ Dwarfs V. •, >"• . Our selection of above Perpeluals. •> Vigorous growth, well-rooted, unequalled qualily, -^ Rose Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. January 17, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 73 HARRISON'S EARLY ECLIPSE PEA. The Earliest in the Garden. The Earliest in the Field. The Earliest for the Market. See Oardcners Chronicle :s.T\6. GarJencts Magazine, December 6, containing a whole page of opinions. The hauhn is of a pecuHar light colour, only 2 feet in height, the pods of a lively green and well filled, and is the heaviest cropper for an early variety we have ever seen. The seed is blue, and similar in appearance to the "Kentish Invicta," but it is hardier and even earlier than tliat excellent variety. This variety was selected by us from Laxton's Har- binger Q.hon\. eight years ago. and has no other origin. Many trials last season in different parts of the country have proved it to be the eiriiest Pea in cultivation. Although coming into blossom the same time as several other kinds, the pods fill so rapidly that they are ready for picking a week or ten days earlier. Per Quart, Is. 6d. ; post-free for 2s. Per Bushel, 26s. Highly rtccvimended to Market Gardeners. Price to the Trade on application. Wholesale CATALOGUE free on application. General CATALOGUE free on application. HARRISON & SONS, SEED GROWERS, LEICESTER. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES and ROSES. A large and select stock is now offered for sale. Tlu Illustrated and Dncriptive CATALOGUE of FR UI TS foit-free. The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. COOLING'S LEVIATHAN COS LETTUCE. The largest and hardiest Cos Lettuce. A selected and greatly improved variety of Bath Cos. Should be sown now. Per packet Is., post-lree. Trade pi ice on application. GEO. COOLINO & SON, SEEDSMEN, BATH. New, Rare, and Choice Flower Seeds •• ILLUSTRATED." This most USEFUL and INTERESTING CATALOGUE, which every one with a Garden or Greenhouse should possess, is NOW READY, and is being posted to all CUSTO- MERS, and may be had gratis upon applica- tion. It includes, perhaps, the finest list of STERLING NOVELTIES ever brought together ; a grand collection of HARDY FLORISTS' FLOWERS ; a specially fine selection of HARDY PERENNIALS, and such as are easily and quickly grown ; GREEN- HOUSE SEEDS — all the most popular; HARDY ORNAMENTAL GRASSES ; SHOWY SINGLE-FLOWERED ANNU- ALS and PERENNIALS. The Catalogue is beautifully illustrated and everything very fully described. Also, in separate form and complete Collection of MISCELLANEOUS BULBS adapted for Spring Planting. THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FARM NTJESEBIES. TOTTEHHAM. LONDOK. SPECIAL OFFER ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS, ROSES and FRUIT TREES of all kinds, FOREST TREES, &c., All well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices (free on application). WALTER CHAS. SLOCOCK, Goldworth "Old" Nursery, WOKING, SURREY. THE ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT NEW EARLY PEAS for 1885. T&e Earliest and Best in Cultivation. DANIELS' GEM OF THE SEASON SHOULD BE SOWN NOW. Frcm Mr. A. Arthur, Orwell Garden?, Cambridge. " I sowed your Gem of ihe Season Pea March sy, and pathered iheni June 13, and sowed Laxton'« Earliest of All IVIarcli 15, ai.d did not j;aiher till June 29. This new Pea has proved \vhat its name implies for earlincss, productiveness, and flavour." From Mr. T. Notlev. The Gardenf, Stoke Hatl, hluke Holy Cros^. " The Pea, Gem of the Season, has proved itself a good one. I planted it at the same lime and by the side of Day's £arly Sunrise. I gathered from Gem of the Season ten days earlier, the pods were also full, averaging from seven to nine good sized Teas ia each." Height 2 feet, and vety.proHfic. Piice, 3r. 6(/. peuquart. is. per pint, xs. id. per half-pint. Free by Parcels Post to any address. DANIELS' IVIIDSUIVIIVIER MARROW PEA. The Earliest Blue Wrinkled Marrow in Cultivation. Height 1% to 2 feet. Splendid cropper and quality. Should be sown now. Price, 3J. frt". per quart, -is. per pint, is. 3-/. per half-piot. Free per Parcels Post to any address, ^^ Seedsmen to H.E.H. the Prince of Wales, NORWICH. EXPIRATION OF LEASE. Several Acres of Nursery, containing a valuable Stock, continue to be offered at a nominal price ; the lease cannot be renewed. RHODODENDRONS. Stani^ard. 4000 to .telect from, of finest named kinds, perfect specimens, from ^ to 5 feet through ihe head 105/- Ordinary Price. Reduced lo/e 31/6 , 2 to 42/- 21/- 2/6 ic/6 2/6 15/- s/- 10/0 1/6 -/g 2/6' 5/- ■/- ic/o 5/-, 5/- i/- 10/6 20/- ^K to/- 1/6 .. Eush,do.,'s. 6, 7, and 8 feet high, ,, Dwarf and Sweet-scented, 1 to 2j^ feet high, consisting of R. fragrans, W iUoni, Goveni- anum. &c. ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA; fine plants, well set with bloom, i to 3 feet high .. AZALEAS, 1 to 3 feel high A fioelot of P. NORDMANNIANA, T. LOBBII. WELLINGTGNIA. CUPRESSUS. RETINOSPORAS, THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, and manyoiher-; in fine condition for removal ORNAMENTAL TREES— Fine speci- mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars., Horse Chestnut, Scarlet Che-^tnut, Sorbus, Thorns of sorts, Maples, Fraxinus aucubaefolia, Scarlet Oak; also Weeping Birch, Elm, Ash, and Popl;.r. 6 to 15 feet high LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 4 feet, per 100 ,. common, i to 2J2 feet Laurel, common, I to 3 feet ,, caucasica, i 10 i% feet .. ,. Portueal. iK to 3 feet .. MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA .. BROOM, While YEWS, Irish ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas and Climbers CLEMATIS, fine stuff, in great variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe- lopsis Veitchii .. .. .. .. ILEX SHEPHERDI. a fine lot of perfect specimens, 6 to 9 feel ; smaller, i to 3 ftet. THUIA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet KETINOSPORA AUREA, 6 to 15 CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS. WELI^INGTONIA GIGANTEa", 3 to 5 feet -. MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, 12 to 18 inches j COB NUT, Webb's. 3 to 6 feet Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting, 2 to 6 feet high, 255. to 75s. per ko. Extra large Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to clear, 15 each. SPIEjEA PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. The largest stock in Europe, 15J. and ic^. ^d. per 100. ERICAS in variety, 20J'. per 100. LAVENDER, firie bushy stuff. 31. per dozen, 15J. per 100. PERIWINKLE, xos. per 100. Thousands of other things too nutntroui for an. advertise' tnent are on offer, and inquiries or a. visit luilt be found very advantageous. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. No reasonable offer refused ; or quotations will be given. 25J. per 100 CUT FLOWERS. Buv of the Gro7vers. LILY OF THE VALLEY (very flue), and TULIPS (in sorts). The Advertisers are prepared to offer a regular supply of above for cash at moderate prices. MESSRS. TURNER BROS., Nurserymen and Florists, Allerton, Liverpool. BY ROTAIj warrant, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen. Messrs. LITTLE & BALLANTYNE Beg to intim.ite that they have now issued their CATALOGUES of Seeds, Trees, Plants, &c., to all their Customers. Should any have miscarried, their friends will oblige them by applying for another. The quality and prices of the articles offered will compare very favourably with other houses. CARLISLE— January 3, 1885. COOLING'S NE PLUS ULTRA DWARF BEAN. Acknowledged by all to be the earliest and most productive Dwarf Bean in existence. Invaluable for forcing. Per pint 2s. 6(1., post-tree 2s. 9(L Trade price on application. GEO. COOLING & SON, SEEDSMEN, BATH. Martin's President Cauliflower is. 6d. per packet. The earliest in cultivation, dwarf and com- pact in habit, head firm and pure white, and well protected by the foliage. It stands dry weather better than any other variety. Mr. Gilbert says it turned out the best oynllhe grew last season. Mr. E. Stri'HEnson, Thorganby Hall, says; — ** Vour 'President' Cauliflower is not only the earliest but the most useful I have ever grown ; we can plant it 3 or 4 inches closer ihan any other variety. The heads are very white and compact. I have grown it ever since it came out : I recommend it to all my friends. Post free on receipt of postal order or stamps for 15. 6d. WILLIAM E. MARTIN, Seed Merchant, HulL ANTHONY WATERER Invites attention to the following LIST of well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY STOCK :— HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, S. 6, 7, 8 loN ,, laurirolia, ditto. [10 feet high. „ Hodgias", 3. 4, 5 to 8 feet. ,, myrtifolia, ditto. }■ many thousands. ,, Scottica, 3 to 8 feet. „ Yellow-berried, aJtaclarense and others. „ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 10ft.- „ Waterer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet in circumference. ,, Golden Queen, 3, 4, s, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of beautitul specimens. „ Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful heads, ten to fifteen years* growth, hundreds. „ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful plants. BOX . Green and Variegated, 3, 4, s, 6 to 7 feet, many thousands. YEWS, Common, 3. 4, s, 6 to 10 feet, thousands. ,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point of variety and size unequalled. , . Irish, c to 10 feet, hundreds, Lthousands. CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4. 5. 6 to 8 feet, „ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and s feet, hundreds of beautiful specimens. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. 3, 4, and s feet, hundreds. RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4. s, 6, 7, 8, to 10 feet. The plants are covered with buds. AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet high, thousands. JUNIPERS, Chinese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high. .. Chinese Golden. 3 to 6 feet. TUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA GLAUCA, 3 to 5 feet. .■VBIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds. „ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feet, thousands. ,, .. GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. ,, ORIENTALIS, 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ HOOKERIANA, 3 to 5 feet. „ PARRYANA GLAUCA. iK to 2 feet, hundreds. PICEA CONCOLOR. 2 to 4 leel, hundreds. „ GRANDIS, s to 7 feet. „ LASIOCARPA, 3 to s feet, hundreds. „ M AGN I FICA, 2 to 3 feet, hundreds. ,, NOBILIS. iK t03 feet, thousands. „ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, to 10 feet. ,, PI NSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ PUNGENS, iK to 2 feet, thousands. PINUS CEMBRA. 6 to 8 feet. CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds. ,, LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon) 3 to 5 feet. THUIA OCCICENTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. THUIOPSIS BOREALIS. 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. „ PISIFERA AUREA (true), 3 to 6 feet. „ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to s feet. Knap HUl Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey. 74 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 17, 1885. GENUINE E D SJ James Veitch & Sons, BOYAL EXOTIC NUESEEY, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W., Have pleasure in directing attention to the following choice NO VEL TIES and SPECIALITIES, which are ail of great merit and sterling quality : — V .< ^ LETTUCE, Veitch's Superb White Cos. The largest aod best self-fo'ding variety in cultivation, of superior quality, very crisp and fine flavoured. Per packet, Is. 6(i. CABBAGE LETTUCE, Veitch's Perfect Gem. First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. A most distinct, compact growing variety, of a rich deep green colour, forming very early a close solid heart, beautifully crisp, juicy, and tender, and of excellent flavour. Per packet, is 6d. NEW VEGETABLE IVIARROW, PEN-Y-BYD {THE BEST IN THE li^ORLD). This new, most distinct, and exceedingly prolific variety is by far ihe best of Mr. Muir's hybrids, and superinr to any yet in commerce ; the fruit (weighing 4 or 5 lb. each), is of handsome globular form, creamy white jn colour, of finest table quality, and particularly delicate flivour. Per packet, la. 6d. BRUSSELS SPROUTS, Veitch's Exhibition. Unequalled for exhibition or for general use. The stems are entirely covered from top to bottom with fine large sprouts, which are very firm and solid, remarkably tender, delicate ia flavour,, and remain a long time fit for use. Per packet. Is. 6d. BEET, PRAGNELL'S EXHIBITION. A remaikably handsome and distinct variety, with fles,h of a deep rich crimson colour, eminently suitable for exhibition, and one of the best for general purposes. Per packet, Is. 6d. CABBAGE, ELLAM'S EARLY SPRING. First-class Certificate Royal Horticultural Society, 1884. The earliest spring variety, of dwarf, close, compact habit, forming firm, solid hearts of excellent quality. Per packet, Is. MELON, HIGH GROSS HYBRID. Awarded First-class Certificates by the Royal Botanic and Royal Horticultural Societies. The finest green-fleshed Melon, of handsome oval shape and beautifully netted ; flesh of great depth, exceedingly tender and melting, and of the richest flavour. Per packet, Is. 6d. NEW TOMATO, Haciyringe the plants overhead morning and afternoon on bright days, to prevent the attacks of red-spider, and ventilate freely during favourable weather to secure a short-jointed sturdy growth in the plants. As the roots push through the sides of the hillocks, add a couple of inches of the same compost as that in which the plants are growing, and continue to make such additions until the inter- vening space is filled with soil. The base of the plants and the soil within 6 or S inches should, how- ever, be left a couple of inches higher than that be- tween the plants, to prevent the stems and the soil immediately surrounding them from becoming too damp by the lodgment of water. If this simple pre- cautionary measure were more generally observed in the planting of Cucumbers and Melons, fewer com- plaints would be heard of the plants being affected with canker. But should this preventible disease attack the plants, a mixture of lime and soot rubbed into the diseased portion of the stems will prevent its spreading, but as " prevention is better than cure," a little powdered charcoal should be placed around the collars of the plants, which will prevent a superabund- ance of moisture from settling in that quarter. Rai'ID FoRCiNt;. If the object be to get Cucumbers as soon as pos- sible from these plants, stop them as soon as they have reached ihe third wire of the trellis, and the shoots— fruit-bearing shoots — resulting from this stopping should again be pinched at one joint beyond the fruit, and leave only one of the latter to a shoot. Gathering the Fruits. Cucumbers should be cut before they lose that dark green colour and heavy bloom which indicate fresh- ness and crispness, and not be left until a shade of yellow spreading over the fruit pronounce them to be overgrown and consequently unfit for salading pur- poses. The fruit should be (stood on end in a saucer containing half-an-inch of water in a cool room until required for use. Train the young growths regularly and thinly over the trellis until the latter is furnished with fruit-bearing wood. SuBSE ^* '^ 7'^}c or espaliers, aspect of garden, and ^^l^^^ others which wdl present themselves tc ^m jgUygt jjij Probably the best way would be country into districts, somewhat like rainfall districts, and have separate ex> one for early and one for keeping Api 8o THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 17, 1885. district. Local committees should be appointed to get up the required information on the points alluded to above. I venture to think that, it properly worked out, the result in increasing the production of this valuable fruit would amply compensate for the trouble. Alfred O. Walker, Chester, Jan. 4. EPIPHYLLUMS. Few, if any, stove or intermediate-house plants are more useful than these, for, besides their gorgeous beauty, they may be grown in a variety of ways, and they come naturally into bloom at a season when flowers are scarce, and last a long time in full beauty. For table decoration during the dead of winter they are quite unrivalled, as they may be grafted on stocks of suitable height and made to form neat symmetrical heads, which, owing to the gracefully pendulous habit of the Epiphyllums, and the brilliant blossoms hanging from the ends of the shoots show off to the greatest advantage. To prepare them for the purpose referred to, two stocks are suitable, the one Cactus speciosissimus, and the other Pereskia, the latter being most in favour, as it may be propagated readily, and got to a size large and long enough to work in a year. The operation of grafting is a very simple and easy affair, as all that is necessary is to cut the stock back to any length that may be decided on, and then to make a slit in the end, about an inch down, in which to place the graft. This should be selected from among the ripe shoots of the Epiphyllum, and when taken off the way to trim it is to slice away each side of the end, so as to make it wedge-shaped, when it will Tdc ready for inserting, and after this is done it may be made secure in its position by binding it round with moss and soft matting, the moss being required to keep the air out, and the scion moist and plump, till the stock and graft are united. This is soon effected, especially at this season, which is perhaps the best time for work- ing Epiphyllums, as the scions are less likely to shrivel, ^and being done thus early they make their growth soon after and flower the following winter. If pyramids are desired the Pereskia must be worked at certain distances all up its stem, varying the sides from top to bottom that the grafts may be opposite all round, and thus form regular plants, clothed from base to summit, which when in bloom will make a magnificent show. The way to insert the scions when grafting for pyramids is to make an incision through the bark just into the wood, extend- ing downwards an inch or so, which will form a tongue-like flap, and when the grafts are prepared in the manner alluded to above, by making the end wedge-shaped, they should be bound in by using moss and matting, in the same way as the standards. Not only may Epiphyllums be grown as pyramids and standards, but by running the Pereskia up under the roof of a house they may be worked on its branches and allowed to droop down, in which way they produce a striking effect, and also when sus- pended in baskets. For this purpose, and also for forming dense low plants in pots, they are best on their own roots, and to get the cuttings to strike all that is necessary is to take any of the firm shoots off with a heel, or break them off at a joint, and then insert them in sharp sandy soil, and place them on a light shelf up near the glass, where they can have a little heat to give them a start. As soon as rooted they should be potted on, or placed in the baskets, which need not be large, as at no time do Epiphyl- lums require much soil, but they will live and thrive with their roots in a very limited space, if kept well supplied with water when growing and blooming, a season when liquid manure is a great help. Plants that have become too large, or heavy in the head, will bear pruning or thinning, as all that is requisite to get them into shape, or lighten them, is to shorten them back, or break out shoots where they are too dense, as after this is done they soon start again at the ends. To encourage them to do this they should be stood where they can have a brisk temperature, and syringed occasionally with tepid water ; but at the same time they ought only to be kept just moist at the J"*': '-till young growth appears; and to have this hybrid Caii.. ^ j^ ^^^■^ ripened, the plants should be may be cited, x, ,1,^ ji^^f ^^^ ^^^ ^„ through the MosBiK and La:lia ^^j,, ^^^j^^ ^^^ half-succulent shoots, palicrce necessary^ ^^ ^^^ p,^„ty of flower-buds. As plant 15 well wot_^^,g ^^^^ j[,ij they may be kept cool by it brings in Ihe ll aj, the ventilator will admit, and a dry .Id be pursued at the same time, which will give them a rest, but when autumn sets in they must again have warmth by placing them in an inter- mediate-house, or cool stove, where if the atmosphere is not moist they will last a loi:g time in full beauty. To support standards or pyramids there is nothing equal to an iron rod made with triangular feet, and if wire stays are run from the top to the rims of the pots it will remain perfectly rigid, and appear neat at all times. Wooden stakes are very unsafe, as they rot quickly, and snap from the weight of the plants, several of which I have seen spoiled completely in the moving of them about. Excepting greenfly when making their growth, or swelling their flower-buds, Epiphyllums are not sub- ject to insects, and therefore are no trouble in keeping clean, as a syringing with tobacco-water, or fumi- gating, will settle the aphis and set the plants free. J.S. ASPLENIUM GERMANICUM, Having always entertained a strong doubt of the supposed hybridity of Asplenium germanicum I have for many years, during occasional visits to Switzer- Fig. 15.— asplenium germanicum. land, kept a close look-out for any forms which might serve to throw additional light on this debated subject, and, having always observed it associated with A. septentrionale and never with A. ruta- muraria, it seemed to me highly improbable that it could be anything more than a mere variety of the former, an opinion which I am pleased to find is also held by our President, Mr. Boyd, who has kindly informed me of the facts which he recently brought under your notice touching this question. If my memory serves me, however, it was on one or two occasions found in company with both A. ruta- muraria and A. septentrionale by the late Professor Balfour. In 1877 I found some specimens on the Maloja Pass, above Chiavenna, similar in form to that recently exhibited by Mr. Boyd to the Botanical Society, having distinct fronds of A. germanicum growing from the same root with A. septentrionale, but there were unfortunately no intermediate forms proving their common origin, and I was unable to bring the roots home in a sufficiently good state to enable me to keep them alive. In 18S2 I was more fortunate in finding, near the same locality, several other specimens bearing on the same root every intermediate form betwixt A. germanicum and A. septentrionale. A few which are here figured (fig. 15), will, I venture to think, help to decide the question. The roots which were brought home are still flourishing, and have put up a goodly crop of fronds, which are all typical forms of A. germanicum. This fact is especially interesting when viewed side by side with the instance noted by Mr. Boyd, who informs me that his specimen, varying betwixt the two forms, finally developed into A. sep- tentrionale. In the figures which I have given it will be ob- served that only the intermediate forms are figured, but there were on the same root other fronds, having the distinctive characters of each species. I need scarcely add that extreme care was taken to satisfy myself that there was only a single root, all the fronds being observed to issue from the same point. John Lowe, M.D., icing's Lynn^ Botanical Society of Edinburgh, BRANCHING POTATOS. The Potato of which we give an illustration (fig, l6) might have formed part of the stock-in-trade of the apothecary whom Romeo sought out on a memor- able occasion. A similar one was shown at the Royal Horticultural Society on Tuesday last. The explanation we take is] that a Potato, for some reason or other, takes to branching, the branches becoming tuberous, like the main tuber from which they spring. The phenomenon is of a similar character to that which produces fasciation in the Cockscomb, Asparagus, Pine-apple, &c., but the separation of the buds is carried to a greater extent. MESSRS. WEBB AND SONS' SEED FARMS. The Home Establishment. — The pages of the Gardeners' Chronicle have, on not a few occasions, illustrated the remarkable progress made by several of the leading seed houses, both in London and the provinces during the past twenty years. A spirit ol enterprise stimulated by a brisk competition, both at home and abroad, has done wonders in the way of developing business relationships, and the growth of these has made necessary the acquisition of large breadths of land suited for the cultivation of plants bearing seeds,) an extensive plant in the way of appliances and machinery, warehouses of large extent, and a staff of foremen ar,d assistants un- dreamed of by the seed trade half a century ago. Seed houses then, and later, doing a moderate busi- ness, and some who have launched their venture since, have steadily grown into enormous concerns, and made world-wide reputations. The efforts put forth to gain business notoriety (and they are some of the leading features of horticultural enterprise during the past quarter of a century) have operated to arouse the interest of thousands in the delightful pleasures experienced in the culture of plants and flowers, and so extended business ramifications. A large business — if properly worked — must in the nature of things grow, and grow rapidly too, and when this stageisreached the very accretion of business is enormous, customers are counted by thousands and tens of thousands, and if some drop away annually others come forward to take their places. The enterprise, forethought, daring, skill, and general business capacity required to work a large concern successfully can perhaps be imagined. It is sometimes said, in disparagement of large concerns 1 in the seed trade, that, like Aaron's rod, they swallow up many a small venture, but this is probably an exaggeration. It would not be difHcult perhaps to prove that they are helpful in not a few ways to small businesses. That Ihey are one of the facts of the age cannot be questioned, and we hope their influence is on the whole decidedly beneficial to the best interests of practical horticulture. The seed business of Messrs. Edward Webb & Sons is, in so far as the garden and flower seed departments are concerned, one of comparatively modern development. The family have long been established at Wordsley, a busy village or township three miles or so distant from Stourbridge, in the direction of Dudley, Wordsley being the seat of the fine art glass trade. The Webbs have for a long time past been manufacturers of fine art glass, they are Hop and wool factors, they are corn merchants, in the sense that they deal largely in Wheats, Barleys, Oats, &c. ; while grasses. Clovers, Turnips, and other agricultural seeds are traded in to a large extent. January 17, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 81 That the departments of vegetable and flower seeds should be grafted into such a business will occasion no surprise, and their rapidly increasing business connections testify to the wisdom of this step. In order to accommodate the growing trade, new seed corn warehouses have just been erected at Wordsley, the whole series of business premises form- ing a block. These new warehouses are 120 feet long by 45 feet wide, they contain five floors, each 13 feet in height, and will be devoted exclusively to the seed corn trade. KiNVEK Farms. ftMessrs. Webb & Sons being large growers of the time to time, such as Electric Light, a main crop Marrow Tea, well adapted for exhibition pur- poses ; Triumph, a prolilic blue wrinkled variety ; Stourbridge Marrow, another good exhibition variety ; Kinver Gem, an early round blue type of dwarf growth, and highly productive ; Perfection, a white round, of much the same type ; Kinver Marrow, a second early variety, that is largely grown in the dis- trict ; and lastly, one of the best Peas of modern intro- duction—Wordsley Wonder— the result of a careful cross, and, as we have seen it in gardens in dif- ferent parts of the country, a valuable main-crop variety. In addition could be seen several seedlings of promise. Fig. 16.— a tuberous palm ! (see p. 80.) seeds they sell, have extensive seed farms. The Kinver Seed Farms occupy an elevated position on a fertile ridge some 6 miles or so from Wordsley ; they exceed 1600 acres in extent, a great portion of the land being freehold ; in addition, large contracts are taken by farmers and others, both here and on the Continent. The soil of the Kinver Seed Farms is particularly suitable for the growth of crops, and one of the principal uses to which they are put is to grow selected stock for seed purposes, all of which are " rogued " with the utmost rigour. New Peas. The growing crops at Kinver during the past sum- mer included a trial of some 130 reputed sorts of Peas ; among them we had opportunity of inspecting some new kinds put into commerce by this firm from Seed Trials. A special feature of interest in a seed farm of this character is the trials of selected stocks. Experience has taught that at times stocks of high character will sometimes deteriorate from causes not always appa- rent, and thus it is that Messrs. Webb & Sons, in common with other large seed firms, are always on the alert to obtain special selections, in order to maintain their supremacy. Here was Webb's Dark Red Beet, medium size, good in shape, and with bright blood foliage— a model Beet of the Dell's type ; a selected Scarlet Runner, the Victoria Dwarf French Bean, the Kinver Mammoth Longpod variety ; Webb's Matchless Brussels Sprout ; a fine main crop Broccoli, appropriately named Webb's Perfection ; their Champion Cabbage, an early hand- some type J Webb's new Summerhill Cabbage, and Monstrous in Lettuces ; and others too numerous to mention. Specialities are now the order of the day : the better in character they are the greater is the sale they command. Potatos. The Wordsley firm do an extensive trade in Potatos. Of these there were some O5 acres at Kinver. Of such sorts as Reliance, a new white round of handsome appearance, and a good cropper ; Webb's Early Ashleaf, selected strains of Magnum Bonum, Schoolmaster, &c., together with some seedlings undergoing a rigid test. Large breadths of Cabbage for seed were to be seen, especially Webb's Emperor, Early Drumhead, and other leading varieties, both for garden and farm purposes. Flower Seeds. Flower seeds are grown in good quantities, and here were to be seen representatives of the most useful hardy annuals, with trials of Stocks, Asters, Balsams, Zinnias, Phlox Drummondi, Petu- nias, &c. We need scarcely state that the strains of these were all good and satisfactory. Seed Corn. Of especial interest for the agriculturist were the extensive crops of seed corn and other products for the farm. There were 172 acres of Wheat, including a new white Wheat, known as Webb's Kinver Giant ; Webb's Challenge White, win- ner of the Gold Medal in France in 1SS2 ; and other important prizes ; Webb's selected Golden Drop, and several others suited to varying soils and purposes. Of Barley there were some 250 acres, including Webb's new Barley Golden Grain, Webb's Kinver Chevalier, Webb's Beardless, &c. Of Oats there were 167 acres, including Webb's New White Tartarian, Webb's Prolific Black Tartarian, Webb's Challenge White Canadian, &c. Harvest opera- tions with Roots, Swede and Turnip seeds, were in full force on the occasion of our visit, whilelargebreadthsof Mangel were within a few days of being ready to cut. The bulW of the Swede, Turnip, and Mangel seeds is grown for them in other suitable districts from stock seeds supplied by themselves to those who hold contracts. We saw many acres of Webb's Imperial or Great Swede, of Mangels and common Turnips, and of those growing on the Kinver Farms ; they looked exceed- ingly well. These were being grown to produce roots to be selected and transplanted in 1885 for the pur- poses of obtaining stock seeds. Miscellaneous. A good portion of the Kinver grounds is devoted to the growth of Strawberries, of such leading sorts as Eliza, Keens' Seedling, Black Prince, James Veitch, President, Sir J. Paxton, Sir C. Napier, British Queen, and Dr. Hogg ; Rhubarb, Seakale, Aspara- gus, Artichokes, herbs, &c. Then there were large breadths of Carrots, Parsnips, Kohl Rabi, &c. That a firm so extensively engaged in the agricultural seed trade, and so famous for the displays of roots, seeds, &c., it makes at the annual meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society of England and other important gatherings, should from time to time secure important awards need not be a matter for surprise. These are made directly to themselves or to their customers, and they testify to the value of the stocks of seed supplied by them. The garden and flower seed warehouses at Wordsley, as well as the offices for clerks, &c., are in keeping with so large a business, and the well-being of their employes is not overlooked by Messrs. Webb & Sons. Elaborate catalogues are issued, the com- pilation of which must necessitate a heavy outlay. At every hand numerous details of an instruc- tive and interesting character arrest the atten- tion of the visitor. We have simply endeavoured to focus some of the leading details ; a great deal more can be imagined than can possibly find a place in a necessarily abridged report. Royal Meteorological Society.— The annual general meeting of this Society will be held, by permission of the Council of the Institution of Civil Engineers, at 25, Great George Street, West- minster, on Wednesday, the 21st inst., at 7 p.m., when the report of the Council will be read, the election of officers and Council for the ensuing year will take place, and the President will deliver h"5 address. 82 THll GARDENHRS' CHROAICLE, [January 17, iSSj. '\t MthBitinm, PROTECTION TO RECENTLY PLANTED EVERGREENS. In severe winters the lowest temperatures may usually be looked for during the last week or two of the old year, and the corresponding lime at the begin- ning of the new ; yet still there have been and no doubt again will be, exceptions when destructive frosts have come later on, and it is not always the lowest temperatures that do the most injury to recently planted evergreens. The keen cutting winds that sometimes accompany frost of less severity are often the most destructive, and although up to the time of writing we have so far escaped frost of any consequence, still it is well-to be prepared for the biting winds, with or without frost, that are all but certain to come later on. Where the work of plant- ing evergreens has been delayed until near the end of the year, as in many cases this season has been un- avoidable, it will be well-spent labour to give such things as usually sufter most a little protection. Hol- lies, Arbutus, Portugal Laurels, Berberries, and others of like character, with the better kinds of Conifers, generally suffer most through late autumn planting, particularly in exposed situations ; but it is often sur- prising what a little protection it takes to make the difference between injury or death and their coming through tne ordeal scatheless. A Spruce branch, a stout piece of Gorse, or in fact anything in the shape of an evergreen stuck (irmly into the ground at the windy side of the recently moved plant, will frequently be sufficient to tide it over the trying time. Even in S'jch mild winters as the two last were, when in many parts of the kingdom there was scarcely frost enough to kill bedding Pelargoniums, when the keen easterly winds came later on, such slight protection as afforded by the above simple means had a marked influence in preserving evergreens that were planted too late to make roots before the close of the year. T.B, CANADIAN FRUIT. Fkom an interview with A. H. Johnson, of Woolf- vilie, Nova Scotia, an active and prominent member o^ the Fruit Growers' Association, we learn that there are some splendid openings for settlers, boih in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, to enter into the cultiva- tion of fruit for local and other markets. There is also a specially fine opening for experienced nursery- men, with a moderate capital, to open nurseries for supplying fruit trees in those provinces, nearly all trees now used requiring to be brought a long distance, ai.d at a considerable expense and risk, by railway from Ontario or the United States nurseries. The demand for the fruit products of those pro- vinces far exceeds the supply, and is rapidly increas- ing as its quality becomes known. The climate is exceptionally well adapted for the growth of many varieties of fruit. It is generally admitted that the fruit grown in that locality, especially in the " Anna- polis Valley," so called, in Nova Scotia, has a finer flavour than any American Apple. This is to be in some measure accounted for by the dampness of the climate, by the absence of extreme heat, by the posi- lion of the lands protecting them from the damaging winds, and especially by the shorter summer season of the northern latitude, ensuring more rapid matur- ing of the fruit. The proximity of the fruit-growing portion of those provinces to the seaports of St. John and Halifax, which are open all the year round, in addition to their direct and rapid communication with the largest consuming maikets ol the Uniicd States, as well as with ihis country, gives them exceptional facilities for this special trade. Cost of Production. Good improved Apple growing lands, well situated, can be purchased for 20 dots. (£'4 to £6) per acre, and even less. In some cases, where they are situated olT main roads, or where society is not so good, this price would include ordinary buildings. It of course rarely occurs that a whole farm would be adapted for fruit growing, but it is not advisable in that country to depend enlitely upon fruit — the most succe>sful mode being mixed farming, having only moderate sized orchards, where position and soil are best suited. In preparing for a new orchard, and to do it full justice, it would cost about 12 dols. 50 cents (say, £2 los.) per acre. If the land, as in most cases it is, were under a proper state of cultivation, the cost would not be nearly so much. The cost of the trees, about fifty per acre, would be about 12 dols. 50 cents (£z los.). With the same preparation of the earth it is customary to plant Plum trees between the Apple trees, without in any way interfering with them. These trees will cost 12 dols. 50 cents (£2 los.) per acre. In the meantime, while waiting for the growth of the Apple and Plum trees to their bearing maturity, it is customary to use the land for what is known as "hoed crops," such as Indian corn (Maize), Potatos, Peas, Beans, Carrots, Turnips, thus keeping the soil mellow, and the top-dressing used for these crops gives sufficient nourishment for the trees. These crops are generally sufficient to pay for all expenses of cultivation, except probably interest and taxes on the original outlay. Plums. The Plums will begin to bear fruit in about three years, and some in two years. Allowing a fair aver- age product for the third year of, say, 25 bushels per acre, worth, say, 75 dols., these will then increase rapidly in their product, reaching, say, in the sixth or seventh year, about I J and even 3 bushels per tree, or about 225 dols. 1/45) per acre. If carefully packed, boxed, and properly handled, even 50 per cent, better prices can be obtained, Apples. The Apple trees will begin to bear to a consider- able extent in from seven to ten years, in seven years many producing a half barrel, and in ten years a barrel per tree, say 50 barrels per acre at 2 dols. (8i ) per barrel (a fair average price on the ground). In about fifteen years their yield will increase to about 2 barrels per tree; at 2 dols. (St.) this will give 200 dols (say /40). With these, as with the Plums, judicious picking, packing, and selling will materially add to the price. Windfalls and inferior grades of Apples can be used for evaporating, cider making, &c., and should pay for barrels, expense of gathering, &c. In making calculations it is well to remember that Apple trees produce more abundantly every alternate year, while an occasional loss of Plums by frost will have to be allowed for. In most cases the Plum trees will last twenty years, being productive without interfering with the Apple trees. Shipment. As regards the shipment of Apples, particularly for the English market, considerable experience and great judgment are required to do it successfully. At the present lime many mistakes are being made, and much valuable fruit lost by shipping at improper seasons, also in sending fruit not suited to the market. Shipments should be as follows : — I"irst, Graven- steins, commencing from October ; they should not be shipped later than November i. CJolden Ball, fall Jennetting, Duchess, Oidenburgh(Russian Apple), Munson Sweets, Snow Apple (l'"ameuse), as well as the Emperor, may be included in this shipment, but there shipment is not advised unless the crop should be short in England. No. 2 shipment from November i to December i, should include Ribston Pippins, Blenheim Pippins (Blenheim Oranges), King of Tompkins County (known as Kings), Spitzenburg, Blue Pearmain, Ilubbardson's Nonsuch. It is not wise to ship to London market after December i until about January 10, or so as to reach there about January 20, the market always being dull for some time after the Christmas sale. No. 3 shipments may be made from the miildle of January, or say the 20ih, to about February 15, and should mainly consist of Baldwins, Rhode Island Greenings, and (lulden Russets ; Vandeveres, if shippetl at all, should be included in this lot, but they are not liked in the London market, and their ship- ment is not advised. Tnis variety is poor in quality, but splendid keepers, and would do for reshipmeni, country orders, &c. No. 4 shipments, from February 20 as late as March, and even April, consist of the Nonpareil (Russet) and Northern Spy. These comprise the main varieties exported. Besides these there are a number which have but limited shipment, such as the Baltimore Pippins, King of the Pippins, Twenty- ounce Pippins, Calkin's Pippins, Westfield Seek-no- farther, Poir»me Grise, Cayuga Redstreak, Pound Sweet, Yellow Bellefleur, I'orter, &c. The markets for Plums are mainly local, but large quantities are shipped to Boston, New York, &c. The leading varieties are the Nectarine, Washington, Imperial Gage, Red Gage, Yellow Gage, and Green Gage, Duane's Purple, Prince of Wales, Bradshaw, Smith's Orleans, Black Damson, Magnum Eonum, several varieties of native Plums, including Blue Plums. Other kinds of fruits grown include almost all varieties of Cherries— Black Heart, White Heart, common Kentish (red Cherry), Black Eagle, Black Tartarian, Yellow Tartarian, Yellow Spanish, and other varieties. Peaches, ijuinces. Apricots, and Grapes, in great variety, grow in the open air, and without protection, as even wall fiuit. Crab Apples of all varieties are plentiful. Strawberries, Rasp- berries, Blackberries, Blueberries, Whortleberries, high and low bush Cranberries, are abundant in both wild and cultivated states. These berries are now becoming a large article of export, both tinned and otherwise preserved, but especially in the shape ol syrups. The wild varieties are acknowledged to pro- duce the finest fruit syrups obtainable, and large shipments are now being made to the United States and the Western Provinces, as well as to this maiket. A large establishment has also recently been con- structed for evaporating these and other fruits, and is meeting with great success. Canadian Gazelle. Ihi{ lei;bai[eous loi;dei[. TREE P.liONIES. I NOTICED a few weeks since an article on the her- baceous varieties of Peonies. I am at a loss to understand why it is that so few of these beautiful and truly gorgeous plants are to be found in our gardens. Why are they not more grown ? For years I have had about thirty varieties, and when in bloom I deemed them a sight worth seeing, but if so, still more their neighbours in my garden, the grand and, if possible, yet more gorgeous, the Tree Preonies (VIoutan). Look at them how you will, either as to their foliage, its form, or its colour, or the grand flowers, whose size and (if I may use the term) pre- sumptive contour, will take the attention of one passing, by storm as it were. It is this one grandest of flowering shrubs that is such a favourite with both the Chinese and Japanese artists, pictured as it so often is on their pottery and other art productions. For some years I had but two or three varieties, t*o of which I got from Belgium, when I was so fortu- nate as to have a note from Dr. Wallace, of the New Plant and Bulb Company, telling me of the number of forms of beauty that the late Robert Fortune had imported. This ended by my getting together about thirty, dit'lerent in colour both of foliage and flower, and well was I rewarded for my venture. I had some of the most noble, the most gorgeous-looking blooms I ever beheld on any plant : I measured one, a brilliant deep rose colour, and found it to be i foot in diameter, or 3 feet in circumference. This was the largest, but there were many others of great pretensions in this direc- tion. Their colours were varied, chaste, and charm- ing. The single sorts had attractions of thtir own, but I much preferred the double varieties. When out ol bloom how elegant is their foliage, so very dilTcrent from their surroundings, both in form and colour, scarcely any two alike— here a purplish-green, there a red, and now an emerald. On a lawn or a shrubbery border, well backed up with evergreens, they are admirable. Care should be taken that they are planted in such a position that they do not get the morning sun, as the young leaves are apt to get scalded, otherwise I have found them perfectly hardy. Unfortunately, I lost most of their names, some being carried oil, I think, by magpies or mice, as I found one or two in a wood close by. I remember a fine white as the Bride of Chusan, then there was the Beauty of Nankin, a blush ; a very bright deep rose was Robert Fortune, and a reddish-lilac Cordelia, then there was a Mandarin, light purple. But I trust I have said enough to draw attention to a noble family of plants, which, with all their boldness of colour and line, have not yet attracted from the lover January 17, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 83 of biilliaDt colour in the garden that attention which they most justly and decidedly deserve. Harrison iViir. Pink Tom Thomi; Scarlet. I remember several years ago being at a show in the Old Deer Park, Richmond, and seeing a splendid basketful of this exhibited by Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea. The plants were very dwarf and the flowers bright scarlet; in every way, as far as I could judge, a plant likely to become exceedingly popular, but I have never seen a plant in flower since, and I have failed to get it, and understand Messrs. Veitch cannot now supply it. Can any reader of the dxrJeiiers' ChrouLU supply any information about it ? I pre- sume it is but slowly increased. R, JhE pF^OPAQATOR. Till': PROPAG.VnON' AND CL'l.TL'Rli OF AN'TIIL'RIL'.M. .Section I. — Anthurium Scherzerianum and ITS Varieties.— These plants are admirably fitted for the decoration of the stove and conservatory ; they are of an evergreen character and flower very freely, each flower, or rather spathe, blooming in per- fection for several weeks, and, what adds greatly to their value, they are in flower nearly all the year round. Unlike many other beautiful plants which cannot be used for decorative purposes because of their delicacy, the Anthurium, with its elegant foliage of a leather-like substance and beautiful persistent spathes, will stand a great deal of rough usage in the way of decoration. A. Scherzerianum var. alba forms an admirable contrast in a group of plants with A. Scherzerianum, and a greater beauty will be added to this if it is edged round with Adiantum and Lyco- podium. Of the other varieties of A, Scherzerianum, A, S. pyj^mcea, as its name indicates, is a dwarf variety which is well suited for the front row ; A. S. giganteum is an exceedingly fine variety, having very large spathes of rich colour ; A. S. Cypherii is a truly noble variety, and produces in great profusion im- mense spathes of fine colour, 6 inches in length by 4 inches in width, borne on flower-spikes from iS inches to 2 feet in length, A. S. Wardii has also a splendid form. All these varieties will grow well in a temperature from ss° to 65°. They should be placed in a shady part of the bouse and kept well watered at the roots during the summer months, although in the winter V7ater need not be given them unless they are getting dry. They should also be syringed, but this must be withheld during the flowering time. In fine weather plenty of air should be given them, and the injurious eflf<;ct of the fierce rays of the sun can be checked by light shading, but as soon as the sun has disappeared the shading should be removed. When the plants are making young growths, and also while they are throwing up flower-spikes, the greenfly often proves very troublesome, and in order to prevent the damage they do it is necessary to smoke the house very moderately for three nights in succession when occasion requires it. Heavy smoking, which often does more damage than people are aware of, should at all times be avoided, and three moderate smokings is far better for the plants than a single night of heavy smoking. The present is the time for potting these varieties, and they will grow in almost any soil, but they will last longer in good health and produce a greater quantity of roots when potted in the follow- ing mixture of soil, viz., half good fibrous peat, quarter turfy loam, and quarter river sand, to which should be added a small quantity of finely chopped sphagnum moss, a little charcoal broken into pieces of Walnut size, and finely broken potsherds or ballast, or a little broken sandstone. In potting these plants their crowns should be kept about an inch above the level of the pots rims, and the soil must be very firmly pressed around the plants, From Seed. If large quantities of the plants are required they can only be obtained from seed, but as purchased seed is not always to be depended upon, occasional fertilisation becomes necessary. In doing this a fine brush should be drawn up and down the spadix to ensure a large quantity of seed. As soon as the seed is ripe it should be sown, first, however, separating it fiom the glutinous substance sunoundiog it, Well drained pans filled with the soil above given sifted and rubbed through a ]-inch sieve should be prepared for the seed. The soil should be solidilied and levelled by a good watering, and should be allowed to stand for an hour before the seed is sown, which should be done lightly and on the surface. The seed-pans must be placed in a cutting case or frame upon a gentle bottom-heat, watering them as soon as dry and shading them from the sun, and for an hour each night and morning air should be given them. As soon as the seeds have germinated, and the seedlings have grown an inch in height, they can be taken from the cutting case and placed uponlheopen bottom-heat, where they should remain for about eight days to harden them for potting. After potting them separately into small thumb-pots in the soil above-named they must be well watered and placed in a good warm growing house upon a moist shelf on a Iront platform. The pots should stand on an inch of river-sand or sifted ashes. The plants should be sprinkled night and morning with a fine rose pot, and as soon as they are strong enough they can be potted into small 6o's, but whenever they are potted the crown of the plant should be kept about an inch above the top of the pot. The plants in 6o's must be kept well watered at the roots, besides being lightly syringed twice daily, and on every fine day a good supply of air should be given them. They should be treated in this way until they are strong, when they should be potted, the strongest in large 4S's, and the rest into small 4S's. After well water- ing them replace them upon the platform, and as they grow stronger more air should be given them. They can be potted into larger sizes as occasion demands. There is another way of increasing Anthuriums — r.tf. , by cutting a piece about i.\ or 2 inches long out of the top or trunk of the plant ; care must, however, be taken to see that each piece so cut out has two or three roots upon it. Pot up the pieces, putting a little sand at the bottom of each piece, which should also be kept in its place by three sticks to which the three strongest leaves should be tied. When they have been well watered place them upon a gentle bottom- heat in a close warm house, but as soon as they have well rooted they should be removed to a cooler house. With regard to the old plants that were cut down, a little dry sand should be placed on the new cut for three or four successive days, in order to prevent the sap from exuding, and then put a stick to the middle of each plant, looping up to it there of the principal leaves. These also form good stock plants, for they are continually throwing up young growths from the base, which can be taken off and potted in the usual way. T. O. iTn be continued.') mtk^i ],di)s mi mmm%% ORCHIDS AT LYTHE HILL. On visiting Mr. Evans the other day at Lythe Hill, the beautiful seat of J. Stewart Hodgson, Esq., I saw some fine Orchids in bloom of the following species : — Vanda insignis, V. tricolor, V. suavis, Veitch's variety, the latter splendidly furnished down to the pot, having twenty-live pairs of leaves upon it in good condition, the leaves being beautifully green ; PhalEenopsis violacea, P. Schilleriana ; Cypripedium Harrisianum, several flowering double ; C. barba- tum, C. barbatum nigrum, and a very handsome plant of C. Sedeni, measuring over 3^ feet through, it having sixteen beautiful branched spikes of flowers on it ; C. Spicerianum, in the same house, was doing well. Of Calanthes, which are grown very exten- sively, being much employed for dinner- table decoration, there really was a grand display — upwards of 250 spikes of flowers ; some of C. Veitchii, measuring 4 feet long ; among them were some grand dark varieties. They were tastefully arranged with foliage plants, which gave them a very pretty effect. C. vestita lutea oculata and C. Tur- neri were just showing flower. Pilumna fragrans, Maxillaria maculata, Lycaste Skinneri, Odontoglos- sum grande, O. Roezlii, O. Rossi majus, O. Alex- andrae were finely in bloom. Some fine types of these with large flowers and broad lip much barred and fringed were seen, one having a spike of four- teen fully expanded flowers. I noticed also a variety with a narrow Up nearly white, part of an importa- tion by Messrs, Veitch some fifteen years ago. Mas- devallia bella, M. tovarensis, M. amabilis were growing in a cool house with the Odontoglots and doing well : they will shortly make a good show. Some fine pans of Cti^logyne cristata will be open soon, C. ocellala and C. intermedia just showing. There were some good plants of Sophronites grandiflora also in bloom. The whole were in good health, and doing Mr. Evans great credit as an Orchid cul- tivator. IV, L, CAI'TLEYA uolosa. I see that Mr. O'Brien says that Cattleya dolosa has yet to be introduced ; that all that have hitherto been sold have been varieties of C. Walkeriana. This is true, I think, of those lately imported ; but the plant sold some years ago as Cattleya sp. from Minas {and which until lately was labelled at Kew Lo^lia minus) is, I believe, Cattleya dolosa. It has long upright bulbs, and flowers from the full-grown bulbs, and not, like C. Walkeriana, from small flowering bulbs. The Cattleya from Minas grows freely with me, but has only once flowered. I sent the flower to Prof. Reichenbach, and he named it for me Cattleya dolosa ; and the plant at Kew is the same as mine, but I do not know that it has ever flowered. C IV. Strickland. I3ARKERIA ELECANS. Mr, Bateman, in his magnificent work on the Otxliidacctir of Mexico and Guatemala, refers to this, the rarest of all the Barkerias as *' among the most refractory of the tribe. To maintain it alive is all that the utmost skill of the cultivator is usually able t© accomplish." (See note under Barkeria Lindleyana, plate 2S.) A plant of the true B. elegans is now in flower with Mr. Phillbrick, Oldfleid, Bickley [and shown at the Royal Horticultural Society on Tuesday last], where it has been grown the last year or two with others of the genus, and treated in the manner described in the Orchid All'uin for 1SS4 {type 14S) under Barkeria cy- clotella, figured from the same collection. In the Garde}i£rs' Chronicle for July 12 (vol. xxii., n.s., p. 44). we gave an extract from some notes on Barkeria cultivation supplied by Mr. Philbrick. The plant that has in recent years been frequently taken for B. elegans among cultivators is really B. Skinneri, a very different and far smaller flower, by no means so striking in appearance, and not uncommon in collections. Once seen the true B. elegans can[ never be mistaken : it thoroughly justifies its appellation as the most elegant and chaste of the genus. It is extremely rare in its native habitat, Guatemala, where it is found growing with B. cyclotella and Skinneri. The slender pseudobulbs are from 9 to 12 inches in length, and the leaves narrower than in the two last named species ; their colour is pale green, and the growth and habit generally less robust. The flowers are formed in a spike at the end of the new growth, and are fewer in number than in other Barkerias. The individual flower when expanded measures about 2^ inches across, the sepals and petals are light, suti'used with a tinge of pink. The labellum is of the purest white, with a large central spot of the richest crimson. The upper surface of the column is densely spotted with small crimson spots, and its anterior part touched with yellow. The colouring is puce and beautifully distinct, rendering it one of ihe most attractive of this charming family. In Williams' Orchid Groioers' Manual two varieties, '* one not so good as the other," are mentioned, but the description of the sepals and petals as " dark rose, lip edged with a lighter colour," hardly corresponds with the specimen now in flower with Mr. Phillbrick, but there can be no question Mr. Williams rightly says this is " the finest of the genus, and very rare." It must be matter of regret to Orchid growers that this plant is so rare, and still more that it should prove so intract- able under cultivation. Mr. Ileims, the head gar- dener at Oldfield, may well be congratulated on his success with Barkerias generally, and especially with this lovely variety. L-ELIA AUTUMNALIS. At the present time there is a very fine specimen of this beautiful Orchid flowering in the Victoria Nur- series of Mr. B. S. Williams. It has 450 pseudobulbs and twenty-four flower-spikes. Odontoglossum vexillarium superbum, A splendid variety, flowered in Sir Trevor Law- rence's collection, and figured in the Orchid Album, t. 171. The flowers are deep in colour, especially the lip, which is deep rose with a basal blotch of a lozenge shape, and deep magenta-purple. 84 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. January 17, 1S85. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. p National Chrj'santhemums Society's An- I nual General Meeting, "Four Swans" Jan. 19 J Hotel, Bishopsgate Street. Sale of 5000 Lifium auralum and other [ Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. ^ Sale ol Lilies, Roses, and Irises, at Pro- theroe & Morris' Rooms. Sale of Roses, Fruit Trees, and Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. Sale of Imported Flowering Orchids, at Steven's Rooms. Sale o! Imported Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Sale of Natural History Specimens, at Stevens' Rooms. General Meeting of the Royal Botanic So- ciety of London, at 3 45 r m. Sale of Hardy Plants, at Stevens' Rooms. Monday, Wednesday, Jan fan. : Subscribers who are gardeners have the satis- faction of knowing that on fulfilment of certain conditions they have a right to demand the help the Society can give. Those who do not, and possibly never will, require its assistance have the unspeakable comfort of knowing that they have done their best to help their less fortunate brethren. Friday. Jan. 23 . M THE annual meeting of the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution was held on Wednesday last at the Bedford Hotel, Covent Garden, Edward Tidswell, Esq., Treasurer, in the chair. Strictly formal in its character the report of the committee and the satisfactory balance-sheets were read and adopted with unanimity. The election of the Duke of Westjiinster, K.G., as President, in place of the late Duke of Buccleuch ; of George Lambert, Esq., as Vice-President ; of Mr. Tidswell as Treasurer; of Messrs. Lee, WiLLARD, and Meston as Auditors ; of Messrs. John Lee, B. S. Williams, Charles Pilcher, Thomas Moore, Alex. T. Dickson, and William Richards, new members of the Com- mittee of Management ; and of Mr. Cutler as Secretary for the forty-fourth consecutive year, was voted with like unanimity. Three claim- ants, having fulfilled all the requisite condi- tions, were made pensioners by right, under Rule No. 6 ; and eight others, standing highest on the list, were also admitted to supply vacancies created by the decease of former pensioners, by a plurality of votes. It is a fact worth mentioning, that several voting papers were rejected, and properly so, because they were not signed, or for some other informality easily avoided by a little care. The report touched on the principal events of the year, the success of the annual dinner, the efforts made to secure a reserve fund sufficient to secure the increase of the pensions, and a sub- committee was appointed to make such revi- sions of the rules as were necessitated by the successful result of the efforts made to increase the income of the Society. Bald as this state- ment is, it must be considered eminently satis- factory. The principal points on which the Institution may fairly be congratulated are the munificent donation of £yyo by a gentleman who desires to preserve his iiicof;in/o, and the success of the efforts to increase the pension fund. It is specially satisfactory to know that the munificence of the anonymous donor has been productive of good that cannot be measured by the amount of his donation, large though it be. He has been the means of stimulating the gardeners themselves to re- newed efforts, and has done much to remove the stigma that the gardeners themselves, as a class, were apathetic in supporting an institu- tion from which they alone derive benefit. Having watched the way in which the business is conducted, the manner in which the books are kept, conversant with the untiring energy of the Secretary, the whole-hearted way in which the Committee does its duty, and the absolute impartiality with which the claims of the applicants are dealt with, we are m a position to commend the Institution to the continued sup- port of the gardeners. Its power of continuing its good work and specially its ability to afford its benefits to a larger number of applicants, depends essentially on the increase of its regular subscribers. Spasmodic efforts are very valu- able for specific purposes, but for steady growth and power to meet the constantly increasing demands made upon it, steady persistent support is needed, and this we earnestly hope will be forthcoming. Any gardener may need its help, whether he get it or not depends almost entirely on his own exertions and forethought. The Oxford Botanic Garden. — This old garden has charms which attract all visitors ; its beauty, its history and associations, all combine to give it a unique position among similar establishments. On another occasion we purpose to give a fuller account of this memorable garden. For the moment we content ourselves with giving an illustration of the Water-Lily house (fig. 17), a light structure of iron, with ridge-and-furrow roof, which was erected during the professorship of the late Professor Dau- BENV. Here Mr. Baxter has for many years past succeeded in maintaining an almost complete collection of Nymph^eas, Nelumbiums, and other stove aquatics which yield to no rivals in beauty and interest. All the Nyraphceas are beautiful, and many of them so easily cultivated that it is surprising we do not find them more generally cultivated. On these and other matters we defer further comment, What is an Amateur? — This question received a fresh answer at the hands of the com- mittee of the National Auricula and Carnation Society the other day. According to their ruling an amateur is one who does not in any way advertise his plants for sale, nor, indeed, sell them at all — with the exception of seedlings raised by himself. In the abstract we should exclude any one who sold his produce, but in practice this strict definition, it is said, would work injuriously. But inasmuch as a recognised dealer sells seedlings raised by himself we fail to see wherein a so-called amateur who does like- wise can lay claim to the privileges he demands as an amateur. A Conservatory for Haarlem.— Our horticultural friends, the Dutch, with that deep appre- ciation of the useful and the cheap, sometimes find it o( advantage to come to this country for garden structures, especially if these be of iron. We are reminded of this by Mr. A. Gray, of Danvers Street, Chelsea — the successor and son of James Gray, whose decease was noticed in our columns a little over a year ago — sending us a section of two fine domes which the firm is erecting for a gentleman at Overveen, Haarlem ; these are intended to form the ends of a rectangular orangery and plant-stove of 200 feet in length and 35 feet in height. The con- struction is exceedingly light-looking and elegant in appearance, which is still further enhanced by doors having an outside porch ; the latter is a feature worthy of copying even here ; the outer one being shut on entering prevents the injurious admission of cold air into the house on opening the inner door. The ribs are of rolled iron, inserted into a cast-iron wall-plate, the wide spaces between the ribs being filled with straight sheets of glass. From this it will be seen that although the general form of the ribs is that of the segment of a circle, such is not really the fact, as each is bent obtusely at long intervals to accommodate the straight glass. The means of ventilation are both ample and ingenious. Royal Horticultural Society : The Cerlificates. — It seems desirable that the nature of the certificates awarded should be more strictly defined. At present a First-class Certificate may mean a number of things : it is given to a promising novelty, it is given to a meritorious old acquaintance, it is given to a Pelargonium, possibly a little better than hundreds of others of similar character ; it is given, or perhaps not given, to a plant whose merits are of a totally different character. It would seem preferable to give a Botanical Certificate to new introductions, a First-class Certificate to praise- worthy varieties of old plants, " Cultural Commenda- tion " to old or new when called for, Votes of Thanks to meritorious exhibits of whatever character, and simple acknowledgments to exhibitors who take the trouble to send exhibits of a character that will not entitle them to higher awards. At present a Botanical Certificate is looked on as inferior in repute to a First-class Certificate. This is not right. If anything a new plant of merit should rank higher than a good variety of an older plant. The certificates are adjudged too much from the point of view of commerce and fashion. So far as possible they should be awarded to abstract merit apart from commercial or fashionable considerations, or, if this is asking too much of human nature, at least the Botanical Certifi- cate of first or second class should take equal rank with ordinary first or second class cerlificates. New plants of whatever character should be adjudicated upon by a special sub-committee after careful examina- tion. This sub-committee should be told oil' to do its work and to report to the general body, who should confirm the verdict of the special sub-committee or otherwise as seems best. Much, very much, depends on the action of the managers of the shows, and specially of the chairman of the day. A miscarriage on the part of the committee is as often as not due to the omissions or inadvertence of the chairman. The Committees . — While attention is being attracted to the composition of these bodies it is only right to remember the difliculties that lie in the way of selec- tion of fit persons. The Society is in no position to be able to pay its committeemen, and consequently those who serve have to sacrifice a half, or, it maybe, a whole day, and to beat their own expenses. It fol- lows from this that many most competent and desir- able members, who live at a distance, are precluded from attending, and thus the choice of members is seriously limited. Names of Plants. — Much greater stringency should be exercised by the committee in the matter of names. In the case of Botanical Certificates no award should be given till the Scientific Committee, or a sub-committee specially appointed for the purpose, has verified or ascertained the correct name, or, where that cannot be done, has agreed to some suitable provisional name. In the case of First-class Certificates the Society should exercise the right it has of rejecting unsuitable or inappropriate names, and of conferring amended names, under which latter alone the plant should be certificated. If the owner choose to retain the name ol his own adoption there is nothing to restrain him, but the Society should be responsible only for names approved by itself. A sub-committee to consider the question of nomenclature, and to draw up general rules, should be appointed. The Committees of the Royal Horti- cultural Society.— The first meeting of the pre- sent year was held in the conservatory at South Kensington on Tuesday. The members of the old committees mustered in force, the new committees not having yet been appointed. Section A, and Section B, of the Floral Committee were amalgamated, under the Chairmanship of Mr. Wilson, so that the dual control is a thing of the past. An announcement was made that the Council had acceded to the request of the committees and conceded the very important matter that the committees themselves should suggest certain names each year to fill up vacancies, instead of the selection being left wholly to the Council. The National Chrysanthemum Society. — A general meeting of this Society will be held on the 19th inst. at the "Old Four Swans," Bishopsgate Street Within, City, E.C., when E. Sanderson, Esq., will take the chair at 7 o'clock. The above Society is making an opportune endeavour to get country and local Chysanlhemum Societies to become affiliated branches of this the first in rank of the metropolitan societies, and in furtherance of this object circulars have been issued, which contain the proposed general conditions of such affiliation. One of these is, that such societies will have three different classes of medals — Gold, Silver, and Bronze — placed in the desired numbers in their hands to be disposed of for Chrysanthemums, cut blooms, and specimen plants only ; another condition being the payment of an annual afliliation fee of half-a-guinea. A New Rafflesia.— A flower of a newly discovered Rafflesia, from Mindanao, one of the Philippines, is figured in the Gartcnjlora, t. 11 77, now edited by Garten-Inspector Stein and Professor Engler. The species was named by the late Pro- fessor GoEPPERT, in honour of its discoverer, Dr. Schadenberg. The flowers are parasitical on the roots of Cissus,each nearly a yard across wilb a some- what five-sided, fleshy, short tube, from the sides of which emerge five oblong obtuse, strongly reflt cted segments of a purplish-brown colour, thickly warted January 17, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 85 with fleshy prominences. In these days of rapid transit we may fairly hope to see these vegetable monsters occasionally in our stoves. A flgure of one was given in our columns, p. 91, vol. xxi., 1S74. Though one of the wonders of the vegetable world we doubt if the Floral Committee would grant it a First-class Certificate. Alocasia guttata var. imperialis. — Some years ago Mr. BURniDGE introduced for Messrs. Yeitcii the type of the species. Latterly a very handsome variety has been introduced by the Compagnie Continentale of Ghent, in which the leafstalks are of a deeper green, the limb of the leaf is rather more obtuse, blackish-green above with a root as they extend over the damp surface. A loamy soil, with a good admixture of sand and leaf-mould, will grow it to perfection. Pans might be filled in spring with rooted cuttings, and kept in the shadiest part of a cold frame, and covered with a hand-light or bell-glass to preserve a moist atmosphere. It might be removed to a cool-house in winter together with the hand-light. So treated at Kew it lasts for months in perfect condition, and may be seen in the Heath-house. Without this protection the clear white variegated margins of the leaves soon get dis- coloured and lose their attractive appearance. Astrap.'ea Wallichii.— The huge heart- sharped leaves of this plant being evergreen are always an interesting report from the Conservator of Forests in South Australia has been laid before Tarliament on the question of the cultivation of Olives, Dates, and white Mulberries for sericulture. The different kinds of Olives flourish in almost every part of the colony, and are very profitable. The Date Palm, Phrenix dactylifera, also grows well ; a hundred trees are also growing well in Adelaide, and though fruits have formed, it is stated that they have not ripened. The reporter considers, however, that this will pro- bably be obviated further north, where the climate is hotter, and suggests that the cmlears. ui isindeBnile. I s. d. Not exceeding /5 ler ar.ntini .. 0 0 6 Exceeding— /I5 and rot excetding £,q 0 I 0 ^10 „ , Zs .. 0 I 6 {. --, ,, ,, z™ .. 0 a 0 ^-•o ,, 4 = 5 ■■ 0 3 6 /;-5 /so .. 0 5 0 /5> ,, ,, l?> .. 0 7 6 Ct, ,, /..o .. 0 to u Z.co Fur cvsry fall sum of £50 any fracLiuoat patt of ^50 ar.d atsQ fol theteof . . 0 5 0 be enforced in any court of justice, or before any arbitrator or other competent authority. A lease made subsequently to, and in conformity with, an agreement duly stamped is chargeable with the duty of 6d. only. Postage stamps cannot be used for stamping agreements for letting lands and unfur- nished houses (other than dwelling houses, or any part thereof, for any definite term less than a year, where the rent does not exceed / lo), but such agree- ments must either be brought to the Stamp Office to be stamped with the proper impressed stamp, or be left for that purpose at the office of a distributor, or sub- distributor of stamps, or of a postmaster. Lily ok the Vallev.— It is not generally known, even by gardeners, that the young plants of Lily of the \'allcy do not bloom until ihey are fully three years old, and even then the size and beauty of the blooms will depend on their having been well grown in the interval. They will not do much good if they be not separated from the mother plant and planted in well manured (cow manure) light soil in a warm sheltered place, and be kept watered during dry weather. That is one reason why crowns produce better blooms and foliage than clumps, and also why old Lily beds become productive of small blooms, and a great mass of crowded ill-developed young plants. Lily of the Valley that have once bloomed do not die, nor do the plants flower again for two years, hence the waste of time in forcing pots or clumps of Lilies the first and second years after blooming. Gardening AproiNTMENTs. — Mr. John Stock, late of Cavendish Gardens, as Gardener to — McKlNNELL, Esq., Elm House, Clapham Common, Surrey.— Mr. J. Downer, late Fruit Fore- man at Possingworth Gardens, Hawkhurst, succeeds Mr. Dench as Gardener to Sir George R. Pres- cott, Bart., Isenhurst Park, Cross-in-Hand, Sussex, Such agreements, if not drawn upon stamped paper, must be presented for stamping within two months after the date of the first execution thereof. After that time a penalty of /^lo may be imposed. An unstamped or insufticiently stamped agreement cannot GAS-LIME FOR WEEDS. That ihe earth is mother of the weeds, but only stepmother to many of the plants cultivated on it, is a not inapt way of accounting for the healthy and abundant crops of weeds. The weeds are always wiih us, and only by watchfulness and much labour can they be kept under. It may be safely said that there is no work in which there is worse economy than in letting weeding run unattended to, want of the pro- verbial stitch in time causing need for nine is much more than realised in the matter of weeds if un* checked. Of the many plants that come under the category of weeds, when growing where they are not wanted, grass on walks, pebble pavement, and little used roads, such as many carriage drives through parks or other grounds, when the trafHc, as it often happens, is not sufficient to keep the surface clean, becomes the most troublesome of weeds, for on roads of this kind, even where diligently weeded before the seeds have time to fall, there is an inexhaustible supply always coming from the land adjoining that makes it an endless task, only varied by the different means in different cases resorted to to destroy them. Those who have had anything to do with such work need not be told that hand-weed- ing of this kind is slow work ; the use of hoe and rake is objectionable ; salting, either with the dry article, or in the shape of scalding brine, is costly in labour and material ; whilst the use of diluted arsenic or vitriol, in addition to the expense in material and labour, is objectionable in ditTerent ways. Where gas-lime can be had there is nothing that will be found more effectual, and, in most cases, economical, scattered on the surface in the way that salt is applied, and allowed to remain for about three weeks. It will not only destroy all the grass and weeds, but will also kill any seedi that may be present but not yet vege- tated, in addition to which it will prevent any grow- ing for a couple of years. After being allowed to remain long enough to kill the weeds the material may be swept up and used in the way of manure. It is scarcely necessary to say that the lime is more powerful in its effect for the purpose under notice when fresh than if it has lain for some time after it comes from the gas*maker. There may be some objection to the use of gas-lime in the manner described on account of its powerful smell, but even in the vicinity of a dwelling there are often times when it can be applied without givlog aDDoyance through this cause. T, £. Januarv 17, iSSs] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 87 are not eaiily kepi clean. I; is much beller (o get thLin made thoroughly clean, and see that any further attempts of parasites to gain a fooling on the leaves li frustrated in their lirst attempt. '/. Vo:iglas, PREPARATORY WORK. Jaxi;ary is a month of preparation, and very much can be done to forward work throughout the year by careful attention to all that is requisite at this period. Theie is now much work that can he done if the weather keeps open, such as improvement in the grounds and all kinds of alterations, making new flower-beds and borders, and planting trees and shrubs, cutting out all dead wood and dying branches from similar subjects. Gravel walks can be turned, turf relaid and made good where required, new labels affixed to plants needing them. Atten- tion to all these matters will iave much valuable time in the busy season coming on. Winter Bedding. Where the winter and spring bedding is not finished it should be completed as early as possible. I sub- join a list of plants used here, which have been much approved of. Kvergreen shrubs have a very pleasing tlVect if planted in the centre of the beds ; if trained into spiral forms, others as low bushes, they make a variation from that flatness which is often seen in flower gardens. The tallest and conical shaped shrubs should be planted in the centre of each bed, such as Thuja aurea pygmaea, T. lutea, Cupressus erecta viridis, C. variegata, and many other varieties. Thuiopsis dola- brala and T. borealis, Retinospora plumosa, R. nana aurea, R. ericoides, Aucuba variegata, and many of its fine varieties, are most useful. Berberis Hookeri, B. stenophylla, B. aquifolium, the small-leaved Box, and the variegated kinds are very pretty and easily managed. Golden and Silver Vews, Euonymus aurea variegatus, E. alba variegatus, E. radicans variegata, and hardy Heaths, such as Erica carnea and herbacea. I then plant the following herbaceous plants, which keep the gardens gay till May— till the beds are wanted forsummer bedding out ; — Helleborus niger giganteura, Myosotisdissitiflora and alba, Hepa- tica, red, white and blue; Iberis canadensis, I.semper- fljrens ; Anemones of sorts, and Schizoslylis coccinea ; Pdnsies, yellow, blue, and mixed ; Violets, Marie Louise, Victoria regina, Czar; Primulas, double white, red and purple ; Ajuga leptans purpurea, Arabisalbida, Aubrietii purpurea variegata, alpine Auriculas. For edging the beds Thymus aureus and its varieties, Sedums, Sempervivums, Saxifrages, Daisies, red and white ; Pyrethrum aureum. By edging all the beds w.th the small growing kinds a nice finish is ensured. The dark-leaved Beets, such as Dell's dwarf, mixed in the flowei-b-ds, look very pretty amongst the other foliage plants. I save and use all the small ones from the kitchen garden. Propagation. Propagating pits should at this time receive every attention, so as to get a full stock of plants by the time they are required for summer bedding out. Such plants as Heliotropes, Iresines, Lobelias, Coleus, Fuchsias, Petunias, Ageratums, Alternanlheras, Pelar- goniums of all kinds required, may now le placed in warmed 'pits or houses, or any convenient heated place. IV. Sinythe, Basing Park, Alton. iChe lOrangery. OR.'^NGE TREES IN POTS. I WOULD advise the culture of the T?.ngierine Orange trees in pots, even for those who have no other accommodation for them than that of a vinery and Cucumber-house. It is now quite time to start the trees in an early vinery, and no better place is avail- able than this, especially if a bed of leaves and manure has been placed inside the house to afford a bottom-heat. 'The manure should not be used freih out of the stables, but ought to be heated out- side first to throw off the injurious fumes ; over this the trees should be placed. They start into vigorous healthy growth, and soon come into bloom. By the time the Vines overhead shade them too much they ought to be removed into a house with a temperature o( 65°. The earliest fruit will be ripe in September, and a succession will be obtained from the later kinds. Orange trees, if they once become infested with insects, ilania and i\^\\ ^ultuijf. GENERAL REMARKS. SrovE Plants.— Unless it be in cases of urgency, it will not be advisable to increase either the day or night temperatures beyond that recommended in one of our later Calendars (p. 7S2, vol. xxii.). Should the weather appear to be favourable for making a start in the way of repotting and other work pre- paratory to inducing the plants to commence a fresh growth, one should not be led away by these signs too soon in the New Year. We may yet have to experience some severe and trying weather, that will tend to check a healthy development of growth. This will be very prejudicial to most plants that have been re- cently potted, particularly those which have had their roots pruned and partially shaken out of their sur- rounding soil. It will pay in the long run to wait a while longer yet, as in a few more weeks the sun's rays will have greater warmth and will therefore be more conducive to a healthy growth that will far outstrip any temporary gain that has been obtained at a great cost in firing alone. (iARDENIAS, EUCHARIS, STEPHANOTIS. In urgent cases — such, for instance, as an early batch of Gardenias, Stephanotis, Eucharis, or the like— it will be far more expedient and economical to bring them forward in a forcing-pit by themselves, where a few extra degrees in the temperature can be main- tained without much extra firing. In such a place the plants can be specially treated as regards atmospheric moisture and bottom-heat if needs be. If leaves and stable litter are used for a plunging material, clear tepid water would be all that is necessary for pro- ducing the necessary moist condition of the atmo- sphere ; if tan or cocoa fibre are employed, then we would advise the use of manure-water for damping down with during the latter part of the afternoon, when no personal inconvenience would be experienced thereby. In these forcing-pits the maxi- mum amount of light should be secured by keeping the glass in as clean a condition as is possible ; in the most favoured spots this advice needs be followed out. Covering M.^terial for the Exterior of Houses and Pits. Should cold searching winds or sharp frosts prevail, then by all means employ some covering material to regulate the temperature with greater accuracy, and to prevent the escape of moisture to a great extent. Mats are frequently employed for this purpose, and I have used such for many years ; unless sown together, however, they are apt to be troublesome during stormy weather. Again, when several are jomed, then there is the difficulty of drying them after having become wet. I am now giving trial to a far lighter covering, made of canvas of the required size ; after ordering this it occurred to me that it would be far more durable if tanned before being brought into use ; this I have had done, and so far I am very well pleased with this novel material, in place of the some- what heavy and cumbrous mats. It is taken oft and put on the range of pits with the greatest ease by employing a small wooden roller to wind it on. It absorbs but little moisture, and, lying close also to the glass, it is not nearly so liable to be penetrated by a keen cutting easterly wind to which we are much exposed. Its neatness, and the little room that it occupies when not in use, are of themselves sufficient to recommend its use for all forcing- pits and low houses with accessible roofs. There is also another point in its favour, viz., by inserting brass eyelets at intervals of 3 or 4 feet it can be secured by strings to the sides of the pit instead of lying on strips of wood, which, if not very carefully done, break much glass, when such damage is most undesirable. It is not always advisable during mild weather to use this covering when darknes; first sets in ; but if at banking-up time there are any symptoms of a frost coming on before the break of day, it can be applied in a few minutes, and will thus guard against any rapid fall in the temperature of the structure. In covering up all warm pits into which there are no means of access without sliding down the top-lights to inspect the thermometer, some con- siderable care need be exercised not to allow the temperature to run up beyond its normal standpoint for the night. This will often occur if the heat in the pipes is not somewhat checked, resulting perhaps in a higher degree of heat during the night than is ob- tained by day ; this we need hardly say should not by any means be allowed to occur. J. Hudson, Gunners- I'liry House, Aclon. "pHUITg -l^NDf:!^ 'C^LAg^. STRAWBERRIES. A VERY suitable place to start Strawberry plants into growth at this season is a lean-to pit having a hot-water pipe or two running along the front of it, and in which there is room enough to put a sufficient quantity of fermenting materials to generate a little warmth. This bed should be made up so that when the plants ate stood upon its surface they will be up neat the glass. Under such conditions, with very careful attention to watering and airing, so as to let the plants start slowly, they will flower vigorously. At this period it will be advisable to remove them to a place where more air and a rather drier atmo- sphete exists, in otder to get them to set freely, after which the fruit should be thinned out to about eight on each plant, and be accelerated with more heat, if necessary, to get them ripe at the earliest period. For very early work I prefer Vicomtesse Ilcricart de Thury, as being the best if quality is considered. Advanced plants which ate placed on shelves in forcing-houses will need daily attention in the way of watering, syringing, &c. ; the latter operation is most essential in dry places to keep the foliage clean and as far as possible to check the depredations of the red- spider. The geneial stock of plants will need to be looked ovet occasionally and wateted. Cold Frames unquestionably afford the best winter quarters for these plants, provided they are freely ventilated when- ever favourable weather prevails, and the lights put on when heavy rain, snow or frost abounds. When a good set of fruit on the plants is secured, the fruit will advance and finish off in any place with a reasonable amount of heat ; at the same time, fot the sake of quality, they should be more or less venti- lated evety day. Successional plants in pots should havea low night tempetatuie of about 45'',oi 50°,'wilh a slight lise by day, with ait admitted at the same time. Melons. To have these ripe in May the seeds should be sown at once in a place where the temperature will range from 70° to So° constantly. They can be sown either singly in small pots, or together in large ones ; in this case the plants must be potted off when they are fit for the purpose. At this season Melon plants ate excessively tender, and require careful treatment to secute stutdy plants. After the seeds are sown they may be induced to vegetate and make growth more speedily by being plunged in a fermenting bed ; but unless this can be arranged to be pretty near the glass they had better be raised altogethet on a shelf in a clean, moist pit close up to the glass, as the additional time required this way will be more than compensated for in the character of the plants. It is very important — in order to avoid disappointment — to have seed true to name, especially in regard to the early batch of Melons ; as time is of consequence seeds should therefore be taken from true stock. As a rule the old green-fleshed strains are infinitely superior in quality to the scarlet ones ; this should be a consideration in making choice of kinds, as a bad-flavoured Melon is not equal to a good Turnip to eat. For early work Victory of Eith and Eastnor Castle cannot well be surpassed for sowing now, when all points in connection with them are con- sidered collectively. Hero of Lockinge, a white- 88 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 17, 1885. fleshed kind, is also to be recommended. Scarlet varieties at this time I discard altogether. Moderately stiff yellow loam is most suitable for Melon culture ; if this was properly stacked up last autumn it will now be fit for use, and can be taken from the heap to where it is wanted. For early plants an addition of sharp sand and horse manure from a spent Mushroom- bed to the extent of a third will be beneficial. G. T. MiUs^ Wycombe Abbey Gardens^ |m \nh |pil lafdp. Pruning, nailing, staking, and planting are the operations mostly requiring to be pushed on in this department. Where orchard trees are to be planted no time should be lost in getting the ground pre- pared, so as to be able to take advantage of the first favourable opportunity for planting. I prefer using a rod 21 feet long for measuring the distance between the trees on grass land. This distance allows ample space on such land, as it is most important not to have the trees crowded. Good stakes should be placed to newly planted trees : Larch stakes are to be preferred for this purpose, as these will last for a number of years. Bush Fruit. Gooseberry bushes may now be pruned, always bearing in mind that the largest berries are produced from young shoots. I am well aware that good crops can be produced by cutting these hard back to one or two eyes. I have even seen the young shoots clipped over with the hedge shears and heavy crops produced. To those who are much troubled with small birds I would recommend this plan to be tried. There are many plans adopted for keeping spar- rows, &c., off bush fruit trees, where they do much damage at this season of the year. One of the sim- plest plans I know of is to have a good supply of fresh lime and soot, well mixed up together, ready to be applied the first dull, damp morning. My plan is to throw it all over the bushes when they are damp. This not only keeps the birds away, but is a good manure for the bushes. Apples, Pears, and Plums are often dressed in the same manner. Black Currants should only have any badly placed shoots cut away, no shortening of the young wood being necessary. Red Currants are all the better for having some young wood left at pruning. Where large fruit of Rasp- berries are desired but few bearing shoots should be left to each root, say from two to three ; these may be cut to 4 feet high. There are various ways of training these ; some prefer stakes, others tie them to rails, &c. I have not used either for years, merely thin- ning out the shoots and cutting those left back to about 4 feet high ; by this means good crops are aljvays secured. Vines on walls should now be pruned, for if left too late they are apt to bleed, which should be avoided if possible. Filberts should have all suckers cut clean away, or, better still, pulled off; and when they have become crowded thinned out. J. Stnith, Mentmore^ Bucks, Che iDrcharb House. GENERAL CONDITIONS. I HAVE made no allusion to this matter since November i (p. 559 of vol. xxi!.), nor has it been necessary to do so, as the trees have mostly been out-of-doors, with the pots plunged to the rim in cocoa-nut fibre refiise. We have now arrived at the period when active operations|must be commenced, especially if one of the houses has to be forced. In November instructions were given to have every part of the house clean. The pots and trees should also be thoroughly cleansed. Starting the Trees. It is now quite time to start the trees with a little heat. It will not do to start them loo rapidly at first, 40° t045° will be quite enough, with from 5° to 10° more by day. If the trees were also forced last year, the buds will swell rapidly, and the trees will be in full blossom by the middle of February. At this season of the year the blossoms will not set well, unless care is taken to keep up a dry atmosphere with the air cir- culating through the house freely by day, and the ventilators open a little all night. Unless the frost should be intense, a little air on at night will not be injurious even if the temperature falls 10° below the freezing point. Of course the temperature can be kept up by artificial heat. Fertilising the Bloom. Now is the time to warn those in charge of Orchard or Peach-houses of the necessity of fertilising the blossoms, crossing the flowers of a shy setting kind, such as the golden variety, Exquisite, with the pollen of such as Royal George, Bellegarde, lS;c. Walburton Admirable and Barrington are both shy setters during unfavourable weather. In The Oiihard House, by Mr. Rivers, the author says, "give the trees a rap with a stout stick." This certainly disperses the pollen, but unless care is taken the bark is bruised and gum exudes,to the serious injury of the trees. It is easy to shake the trees by tapping the main branches with the fingers. A very slight shake distributes the pollen. Watering. It is also necessary to allude to watering the roots of the trees, especially those that were top-dressed. The rich surface compost is easily wetted, and it does not dry very rapidly ; there are but few roots in it, while the old compost underneath is as hard as a cricket-ball and a mass of fibrous roots. The cul- tivator must make sure that his roots underneath are sufficiently moist. Trees that were repotted in the autumn will not suffer from careless watering because it is easier to see when they are dry. I advise that houses be well fumigated with tobacco smoke before the blossoms open. J, Douglas, FORCING DEPARTMENT. As the management of forcing frames, heated by hot-water pipes, requires in many respects different treatment from those heated by fermenting materials I will describe clearly the cultural methods to be followed in each case. It is advisable (at any rate for a time) to treat them under two distinct headings. There are a few places where frames heated by hot water have been erected specially for the culture of early vegetables, and they are quite necessary if high- class vegetables are required by the earliest date pos- sible. After the first outlay the annual cost is not much. Considerable labour must be employed to get early produce in frames by the aid of stable litter, such as making up linings and placing abund- ance of night protection on the glass before the gar- dener can feel assured his early Potatos and French Beans are safe. Heated Frames. The occupants of these will be mainly Beans, Peas, Potatos, and Asparagus. French Beans in bearing should receive occasionally a soaking of tepid liquid manure ; airing must be done carefully during the morning ; syringinglwith chilled water, and closing with sun-heat, and guard against dry places beneath the pipes, which will quickly develope red-spider. Beans will bear freely at a temperature of 60° to 65° during the day and 55° to 60° at night, or even warmer if Beans are wanted quickly. Peas will not stand high temperature. They must be forced very steadily, maintaining a circulation of air day and night and the lights drawn clean off on favourable days. Frames without Hot Water : Cakkots, A hot-bed should now be prepared for these, and after the rank heat has passed off place I foot of nice light soil on the bed, and when this becomes warm sow the seed broadcast and fairly thick ; it is better to spend a few hours thinning than to be disappointed with a miserable half crop. Sandy soil is best for Carrots. Make the bed firm before sowing, and after the latter is done and the seed covered pat the soil over with the back of a shovel. Radishes commencing to show the rough leaf should be thinned. Potatos. Water must be given carefully until the young tubers commence forming, they should then receive a good watering, but only sufficient should be given to just penetrate the soil, so that the bed beneath does not become saturated and cold. Water .'should be given at a temperature of 65°. Earth-up when 6 inches high. A second or third frame should now be got in readiness for planting. Arrange to have the sets placed in boxes in a warm structure, so that they are grown out about an inch by the time the soil on the hot is in readiness to receive them. Our first frame Potatos without hot water are just passing through. Keep them sturdy by giving plenty of air on all favour- able opportunities, and place 6 or S inches of light covering material over the glass on cold frosty nights. Great care will be required to preserve this lot from frost. Rhubarb. One more lot may be lifted to force indoors. The pots should now be placed over some outdoors to follow on. Seakale. Put into the Mushroom-house seven or eight dozen of roots every ten days. If the Mushroom-house has not hot-water pipes, force in one of the houses. G, H, Richards, Somerley Gardens, Ringwood, NEW HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER. Our illustration (fig. iS) shows an entirely new adaptation of the tubular boiler, the principal boiler- makers constructing these usually on the perpen- dicular plan. The water passes through the return pipe into the box a, thence through pipes B, e, e, b, E, B, B, B, to box c ; thence through pipes d, d, to box e ; thence through pipes F, F, F, F, F, F, F, to boxes II, H ; thence through pipes i, I, i, i, to boxes K, K ; and thence into box L. The idea should be considered a good one, as the tubes intersect the upward and natural direction of the flames and heated air in the fire-box, and take the direction of the latter when they cease to rise, but travel horizontally to the flues and smoke- shaft. Messrs. Foster & Pearson, of Beeston, Not- tinghamshire, have informed us that a boiler 6 feet long will heat 2000 feet of 4-inch pipe, one of 9 feet 2600 feet, a I2feet long heating 3400 feet, and the largest size, iS feet,being capable of heating 4800 feet of the same dimensions of pipe. Like all tubular boilers it is easy to get up heat when it is required at short notice, as when frosts and cold winds occur with suddenness, in that way alone making tubular boilers of great utility to horticulturists, and to those who have charge of public assembly-rooms, churches, &c. JiojVlE f;0RRf:3P0J^DEJ^CE. Primula floribunda.— This beautiful and interest- ing species is almost always in flower. Quite tiny seedling plants raised from seed sown last summer, plants barely 2 inches in diameter, are carrying small bright yellow flowers. Like P. obconica, it is an evergreen species, and the two are the most persistent bloomers among the whole series of hardy Primulas. Though in a cold house, and in spite of heavy, dull, foggy days, and sharp frost, more than half a dozen plants of P. floribunda are in bloom, and it has been noted that almost before the flowers have faded on one corymb another is put forth, and this is con- tinued ; the stronger the plants the greater number of corymbs are put forth. P. obconica is equally free and persistent. Both of them possess a delicate beauty of their own, and while they lack the majestic proportions of P. japonica or P. Sieboldi, the pro- pensity to continuous blooming makes up for lack of a more striking character. P, obconica is especially a charming plant in a greenhouse during summer and autumn. D, " Sclerotioids " of the Potato. — About a year ago Mr. A. S. Wilson very kindly sent me some pre- parations of these. Wishing to follow out the expe- Tanuary 17, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 89 riments of Messrs. Murray, Flight, Smith, and others, I carefully isolated some of the bodies, and applied strong nitric acid, which rapidly dissolved the coloured material, but, just as Mr. Wilson found, there was left a mass of protoplasm which remained many hours undissolved. The interior granular por- tion seemed, after a while, to ditlerentiate itself from the outer, giving somewhat the appearance of a cell wall. A second dose of acid did not dissipate the mass, which is now distinctly visible — seven hours since the application of the solvent. This is, I think, directly corroborative of Mr. Wilson's observations. I have repeated the experiments three times, and each time with exactly similar results ; once there was no solu- tion at all, the body being doubtless not a sclerotioid. Greenwood FitUt jl/.A., F.L.S., yan. 13. Cauliflower, Veitch's Early Forcing. — The present time is opportune for calling the attention of those who are unacquainted with this Cauliflower to its merits, and this I can do with' every confidence, having grown it annually since its introduction with at a given temperature. Asphaltin is simply obtained from a solid bituminous or resinous substance found on the shores of the Dead Sea, in Trinidad, and other places. It is, doubtless, of vegetable origin, and is probably produced by the putrefaction of vegetable matter at ordinary temperatures, very similar to that process of decay which under ordinary circumstances converts woody fibre into peat, lignite, and coal. Some chemists, however, believe it to be a product of the destructive distillation of coal occasioned by the exposure of coal-bearing strata to volcanic heat. When Brunswick Black is made from this substance, I believe it may be applied to hot-water pipes with- out the least fear of injury to the tenderest plant, but when mixed, as it undoubtedly sometimes.is, to a large extent, with artificially distilled coal tar, it is, when heated sufficiently to throw off vapour, most destructive to vegetable life. It was from the use of the latter mixture by a painter that I once sutTered, and it is from a similar one, I fear, Mr. Bishop is now suffer- ing, and I sincerely sympathise with him, and would again say to him, Burn it off. T. S. C. Premature Growths. — Apropos to " R. D.'s" remarks in the last issue of the Gardeners' Chronick (p. 59)> I "lay mention a large batch of Narcissus biflorus in Messrs. James Dickson & Son's nur- series at Chester, the leaves of which are now 6 inches or more high. I watched this batch all through last summer. The foliage never wholly died down, neither were the bulbs ever without active roots ; in the autumn, after some rainy weather, they were stimu- over which it has full control, I think that its practical refusal to affiliate societies holding two or more days' exhibitions, is of questionable expediency. Some of the revised regulations for exhibitions just promul- gated by the society are to be binding on all affiliated societies, and No. 2 of these states " No exhibition of Koses held by this society, or by any society affiliated with it, shall extend over more than one day." This appears to me to be very hard on aftiliated societies, as well as on those not so con- nected with the National Rose Society. For instance, here at Ealing we have for years past offered hand- some special prizes for cut Roses, open to all comers, and we get competing contributions of Roses from Messrs. Turner, Paul & Son, Prince, Keynes & Co., Rumsey, Piper, and others. Hitherto we have held but one-day exhibitions, but this year we shall celebrate our twenty- first anniversary, and hope to hold our annual exhibition in the grounds of Gunnersbury Park, for the first time. It is proposed to make a special effort to secure a show worthy of the occasion, and in order to give the thickly populated districts which lie all round us, and especially on the east and south sides, full opportunity to see these beautiful grounds, it is suggested that a two days' show shall be held. Our society is not only prevented from affiliating itself as last year, with the National Rose Society, but the Rose growers I have named, being all members of the National Rose Society, would be bound in honour to conform to its rules, and would, I imagine, refuse to bring their Roses as heretofore. The rule of the National Rose Society can then be held in ter- Fig. 18. — THE CHILWELL BOILER. (SEE P. increasing appreciation of its sterling worth. From the first year of its being put into commerce I have entirely abandoned autumn sowing for an early supply, and have come to look upon the practice as entirely unnecessary — at least in the South of England. Seed sown now in heat, and pricked out into boxes when in the rough leaf, and in due course hardened off and planted out on a south border 12 to 15 inches apart, will come into use towards the latter part of May, and before the last batch of Broccoli are cut. y. Horsefield, Heytesbtiry. Tarred Hot-water Pipes. — Mr. Bishop (p. 790, vol. xxii.) says, " Again referring to ' T. S. C.'s' re- marks, in which he says if my pipes are painted with Brunswick Black I need have no fear ;| but one of those who communicated with me stated that tar is the foundation of all varnishes recommended for iron." This assertion I believe to be correct to some ex- tent, but what I now wish to explain is the great dif- ference between the component parts of genuine Brunswick Black and those inferior compounds which too often are substituted for it. The genuine or "best Brunswick Black," is, I believe, composed of American spirits of turpentine and asphaltin dissolved lated into fresh growth, and they have been furnished with green foliage ever since. R. Bramley's Seedling Apple. — It would be use- ful to some here in the South if Mr. Merryweather would state in your pages the names of the places to which he has sent Bramley's Seedling Apple trees and given the highest satisfaction. We could then judge whether our soil and situation would be likely to suit this variety of Apple. Enquirer. Gas-lime for Gardens. — Practical gardeners will know how to act on the advice given by *'T. B." on p. 58, but many amateurs and others read the Gardeners' Chronicle as well, and possibly practise what they read, so that it is not well to let the above remark pass without mentioning that gas-lime, if applied to that extent, will prove a remedy far worse than the disease. I quite agree that it would banish the slugs, &c. ; they would not appear again for some time either, where there was nothing for them to eat. W. H. Divers, Ketton Hall. The National Rose Society and Affiliated Societies. — While the National Rose Society should be at perfect liberty to make rules for exhibitions rorem over the beads of provincial societies that do not care a rap for the National Society. I regard this as an infringement of the liberty of the subject, and especially so of horticultural societies, many of whom find it to their advantage, and greatly please their supporters by holding two'days shows. I should think the rosarians who framed this arbitrary regula- tion altogether failed to see to what inordinate lengthi it could be applied. I have endeavoured to set forth one of these in the foregoing remarks. Richard Dean^ Hon. Sec. Earling, Acton, and Hanivell HorticuUnral Society, African Narcissi. — The note of "H. C." about these on p. 24, of which the only fault is its brevity, is instructive to collectors of Narcissi, though it may excite their envy. No doubt it will have been gener- ally read, but I call attention to it because about this time last year we were advised by more than one ex- pert to bake our bulbs (without disturbing the soil in which they were) of African Narcissi all through summer on a south shelf in a greenhouse. I have little experience in their cultivation except in failure ; but the sun-drying system, which I have adopted in the past season, so favourable for it, has made such bulbs as 90 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 17, iSSj. N. triandrus, N. juncifolius, and N. bulbocodium, start with unusual vigour. Indeed I have tried the same plan of baking under a south wall, but out of the ground, for such things as Daffodils and Anemone fulgens and they rushed up in such a way directly they were replanted that I thought I had discovered a plan worth patenting. Still I quite believe in the treatment adopted by " II. C," whose advice is com- mended by the results he mentions. It is the first instance I have heard of the successful cultivation of N. canariensis. About ten years ago I joined the late Mr. Ilarpur Crewe in importing some bulbs of this Narcissus, of which I distributed several to clever gardeners— but neither he nor I could ever hear that any of these bulbs reached flowering. IV. D. Lime and Potash to Remove Tar from Hot- water Pipes. — In returning thanks to your several correspondents for the information given to me through the medium of the Gardeners' Chronicle respecting the tar varnish on my hot-water pipes, I will state the means which have been adopted to clean them, and which, so far as I can at present ascertain, is quite a success. In the first place I was recommended to apply new lime fresh from the kiln, to about half a peck of which I added 7 lb. of wash- ing soda dissolved in boiling water, and made the whole into a paste about the thickness of treacle. This, while hot, was applied to the pipes, and I let it remain on for about three hours, when it was washed off with a scrubbing-brush and soft water. I was very pleased to see this brought a considerable portion of the tar off, but I had to apply two more dressings before I could satisfy myself that it had effectually done its work. I need scarcely say this was only applied to a small portion of the pipes for trial. I was then recommended to use potash in place of the soda, and this proved to be much stronger than the former, as it brought nearly every portion of the tar off with one dressing. After we had com- pleted this operation I received a letter from a gentle- man who recommended sal-ammoniac. I, therefore, had all the pipes washed over with it, and where there seemed to be a particle of tar left the sal-ammo- niac removed it. I have now had the pipes painted over with the composition as recommended by me in my first letter on this subject. Alfred Bishop. Carter's Ashtop Fluke Potato.— At p. S15, vol. xxii., Mr. Murphy speaks of this Potato as being one of the earliest varieties, and suitable for forcing purposes. May I ask if there are two under this name ?— if not Mr. Murphy must have another kind, probably Carter's First Crop Ashleaf. I have grown the Ash- top Fluke since first sent out, and want nothing better ; but it is certainly a second early kind, and has always been classed as such in the catalogues. It is one of the best keepers I am acquainted with. I have kept it over the year till the second season, when it dressed excellently. Mr. M.'s statement is misleading to those not acquainted with this variety, and which deserves to be more extensively cultivated as a main crop. \V. Divers, U'ierton, Jan. 5. Eucharis amazonlca.— I see that your corre- spondent, " W. B.," seems to think that there is a disease among the above at present in different parts of the country. I cannot say that I have seen any- thing yet in your columns to justify this assumption ; on the contrary, I am satisfied that the so-called disease on foliage is nothing but the result of mis- management and starvation. A dry, hot atmosphere is most injurious to them, and will cause leaves to flag and show red spots. They are great absorbents of moisture, and whether at rest in a temperature of 55° to 60°, or forcing from 65° to 75°, should never be allowed to get too dry cither in the pots or in the atmosphere of the house where they arc. Should your correspondent pot them in such materials as " \'oung ("jardener " (p. 24) has done his, and give them plenty of moisture, there will be no red spots, but they will flourish luxuriantly, and will soon bloom plentifully. The greatest pest they are subject to that I am aware of is mealy-bug ; it gets underneath the leaves, and can only be dislodged by sponging. . /. Maedonald, Cheadle. [Our correspondent has overlooked the fact that in one of the worst cases noticed in our paper the plants were plunged in a very moist bed of decayed cocoa-nut fibre, which had the effect of keeping the soil unhealthily wet ; and another had stood his plants under roof creepers that were heavily syringed, when consequently the Eucharis had again too much water for their good. Ed.] I am glad this subject has cropped up once more, and I hope it will be properly threshed out, for as a stove flowering plant it stands in the front rank when properly grown. For several years they grew with me like weeds, and flowered profusely. I have had as many as fifty-seven spikes on a plant in an iS-inch pot, averaging from five to seven flowers on a spike— a sight worth seeing. This was when I flowered them once a year ; but after I was led to flower them twice and three times a year the plants that once were from 3 to 4 feet across are now in a yellow sickly condition, and much reduced in size, the bulbs in many cases gone off altogether. This has doubtless been brought about by hard flowering — at least, such is my thorough belief. C. Lucas, Belmont, Taitnton. The Report of the Apple Congress.— This seems well received by the public, and, doubtless, deservedly so, the name of A. F. Barron as Editor is a sufficient guarantee for the usefulness of the book'; but I have no wish to discuss the usefulness of the book, I am surprised to hear many of the exhibitors have not yet seen a copy. If the Royal Horticultural Society really wish to advance the cause of horticul- ture, possibly they may yet be able to present a copy, to each exhibitor of fruit at the Congress. I was not one myself, and it matters but little to me. How- ever, I had the pleasure of assisting largely in getting up'one of the finest private collections, and I know that many of the exhibitors must have been upwards of £2 out of pocket. It seems rather too bad, after a man has spent as much as he could well afford in making the exhibition what it was, to expect him to pay a further sum in order to obtain a share of the information to which he contributed all he was able to do, and which was the sole object of the exhibition. IV. H. Divers, Ketlon Hall. [Fellows of the Royal Horticultural Society can obtain the report gratis for the asking for it, and we believe that any one having shown fruit at the Congress would receive equal consideration on applying to Mr. Barron. Ed ] Amateur Growers for Market. — Can you won- der that I am about to call my creditors together ? Competition in the flower market is bad enough, but it is cut-throat work when head gardeners help to cut the ground from under genuine tradesmen's feet. Peruse the enclosed cutting from the Exchanj^e and Mart. Now this man can have no anxieties or expenses to meet, as a struggling tradesman has, and I, for one, do not consider it fair for a gentleman to allow his gardener to become a regular advertising tradesman. 6./. in the £., Dunnup Nursery. [As a proof of what our informant alleges, we print a few paragraphs at the head of the advertisement in ques- tion, which in its entirety amounts to four fifths of a column of the paper. Ed.] No. 4. new list (commencing Jan. 7).— Lovely pot plants for greenhouse, conservatory, window or table decorations, all strong and good, at the nominal charge for bedding plants, three for \s. 3a'., six for 21. 3^., twelve for 4r., free— worth three or four times the amount ; correctly named, securely packed in wet moss, and waterproof boxes, by parcels post to all parts of Great Britain (arriving as Iresh as when despatched). Consisting of magnificent tree or perpetual flowering Picotees, in twenty varieties of the finest foreign and English kinds grown, not an ordinary one in the collec- tion, having cost from \s. bd. to 2!. b.l. ; [he colours are yellow, scarlet flaked, and striped, white, edged purple, mauve, crimson, slate, lilac, cerise, &c. : a fine oppor- tunity for collectors and admirers of this beautiful gpnus of plants. Cultur.1I directions sent. The other v.arious plants arc': Fpiphyllum crcnatum roseum (fine), AUor- nanthcra annona (lovely bright niagcnta-crimson), .\llcr- nanthera latifolia major (dark crimson-maroon), Altcr- nanthera rosea superba (new, splendid rose-orange and green), Eupatorium fragranlissima, Eiipatorium riparium (both white winter bloomers)- shoukl be in every green- house ; five foreign Lantanas (pink, lilac,'i\hite, yellow, crimson), worth \s. bd. each ; AraliaSieboldii, handsome table plants, cheap at rj. 61/,, worth 3^. 61/. by summer ; Coronilla glauca (yellow flowers), Dactylis glomerata aurea elegantissima (rare, golden foliage), Erinus alpinus (piirpleflowers), Liboniafloribimda, Libonia Pcnrhosiana (fine plants, both constant winter bloomers), double Tree Violets, Sunray P'uchsias, worth is. 6rf. 1 Hydrangea speciosa elegantissima, worth 2i. bi. ; silver and gold foliage Euonymuses (very ornamental). Maidenhair Ferns (nicesize, true), double bicolor.^quilegia, Solununivariega- tum (rare), Solanura atropurpurucni, Solanuin hybridum Princess of Wales, Selaginella Kraussiana aurea (golden, very handsome), Sehginella denliculata (lovely green)." The Hymenocallis.— All that your correspondent W. Garnett says in praise of Pancratium carib.xum (more correctly Hymenocallis caribrci) is very true, but there are several other species of the genus as beautiful as II. caribrea, or more so. H. rotata, H. macrostephana, H. fragrans, II. tenuiflora, and one sold some years ago by Mr. Bull under the name of II. elegans, are all beautiful and very fragrant, and have the merit of being easy to grow. Of these ihe two finest certainly are II. macrostephana and II. fragrans. This last I think the finest of the genus, as it is also the commonest. It is sold also under the names of II. speciosa and H. ovata. It is distin- guished by broadly lanceolate leaves, which spring up four or five at once, instead of in succession, as in most of the other species, and the six to ten flowers which it bears are all open together. They open two at a time, in pairs, at opposite sides of the head of flowers ; but the last pair are fully open several days before the first pair begin to wither, and nothing can be more beautiful than a fine spike nf this with all the flowers open, C W. Strickland. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL : Jan. ij. This, the first meeting of the year, was held in the conservatory at the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, and owing, probably, to the inclement character of the weather, there were but few things to tax the energies of the amalgamated Floral Com- mittees, nor those of the Fruit Committee. Scientific Committee. Sir J. D. Hooker, K.C.S.I., in the chair. Present: Messrs. Smee, MacLachlan, Pascoe,' Wilson, Grole, Murray, Ridley, Boulger, Loder, Drs. Lowe, Foster, and Masters. The Sclerotioids ok the Potato DtsEASE. The most important communications were those of Mr. A. S. Wilson, Professor Trail, of Aberdeen ; .and Mr. W. G. Smith, the two latter of whom inde- pendently confirmed Mr. Wilson's statement that the bodies discovered by Mr. Wilson are really masses of protoplasm, encrusted with oxalate of lime. After removal of the lime by acids the protoplasm was made manifest by appropriate staining reagents. In another column it will be seen that similar results have been obtained by Mr. Greenwood Pirn. It was arranged that a conference to make further experiments should beheld between Mr. Worthington Smith and Mr. George Murray. The following is Professor Trail's communica- tion : — " A few days ago Mr. A. Stephen Wilson expressed a wish that I should, in his company, examine the bodii's in Potato plants attacked by disease, to which he Ims given the name of 'sclerotioids,' and in regard to Ihe nature of which a controversy has been carried on for some time. His chief desire was to obtain an unbi.issed verdict as to the efl'ect on these bodies of treating them with nitric acid, as h^ felt convinced that the acid did not wholly dissolve these bodies, while Mr. Murray and Dr. Flight have asserted that in tli-ir experiments there was no residue left by the acid. "Mr. Wilson brought a plentiful store of sclerotioids in pieces of leaves in spirits of wine. Of these specimens some were from the Potato crop of r88i. others from the crop of 1884. With some of this material we together experimented on January 5. 1835 ; and I iKive repeated and extended the cxperiinents saveral times since. " The conclusions to which I have been led in respect to the nature of these bodies are as follows : — The bodies, probably well known so far as concerns their appearance to all interested in their nature, are small ovals, though considerably larger than the cells among which they lie embedded. 'Fhey are usually nunierniis in the tissues in which they are found, and when these tissues are examined by transmitted light they are very evident as dark opaque bodies. When examined by reflected light they are seen to be snow-white in colour, and their surface is slightly rough. " On leasing a portion of tissue that contains them it is not at all difiicult to detach them more or less com- pletely from the tissue so as to isolate them for more accurate observation ; and this is absolutely necessary in the application of tests to these bodies. "Such re-agents as glycerine, spirits of wine, and acetic acid produced no appreciable elfcct on tliem. "Strong sulphuric acid acts on them but slowly and imperfectly. It renders them nitirc easily broken up, though that is not difficult to do by pressure, or wiili the needles, under any circumstances. In the spe- cimens crushed after being subjeottd to sulphuric acid there was Ihe appearance of the mass being surrounded January 17, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 9t «iih a niulliuide of very minute needle-shaped crystals ot tat>hides distinct from the central substance which Ihty surrounded. " Nitric acid liid on a piece of tissue still enclosing the sclerolioids quickly caused their disappearance, so that one might readily have supposed that they had been totally dissolved. But on isoliting one of them, and watching the process carefully from its conimencc- tiient till its close, which I have done several times, 1 found in all cases that the body became more or less rapidly nearly transparent as the mineral deposit was dissolved, but that there remained a finelv granular mass witli all the aspect of proloplasni. This mass was nearly transparent, being faintly yellowish, but retained nearly ihe si-^e and lorm of the sclerotioid. On removing the excess of acid and applying magenta to some preparations, aud oosia to others, 1 found that the residual mass took up the dye and became coloured. 1 have no doubt that the sclerotioids are masses of proto- plasm coated with calcium oxalate, probably in tlie form ot minute raphides. James IV. //. Trail." Seeds Germinating in the Frlmt. Mr. Boulger mentioned the occurrence of this in three Lemons observed by him. Garden Flowers. Dr. Masters exhibited, on the part of Mr. J. Mul- Hns, a series of twelve quarto engravings coloured by hand, and published in 1730. They were issued by *' Robert Furber, gardiner at Kensington," on the site now occupied by the Royal Horticultural Society's garden, and consist of twelve coloured engravings by II. Fletcher after drawings by Peter Castells, one for each month of the year. The flowers are well drawn and artistically arranged in vases. They are of con- siderable artistic merit and of much interest, as show- ing the flowers then in vogue. The selection is limited indeed in comparison with what we now have, and from this point of view, o'Htx^ little or no advance upon what was known to Parkinson and Gerard a century previous. There are no New Holland plants, Rhododendrons, no Fuchsias, few Pelargo- niums, no Dahlias, no Orchids. The plates show how vastly our gardens have been indebted, since those times, to such men as Douglas, Fortune, Lobb, Cun- ningham, Hartweg. From another point of view it is curious to see the advance made in florists' flowera ; the Polyanthus, Auriculas, Roses, Pinks, are such as would not pass muster now-a-days, and certainly need not make us regret the good old times. Growth of British Orchids. Dr. Masters read a communication from Mr. A. D. Webster, the substance of which appears in another column. The Ghost Moth. Mr. MacLacblan alluded to the caterpillars of this moth, Hepialus humuli, as feeding on the roots of Pvsonies, The Daffodil Question. Professor Foster moved the reappointment of a committee to examine the question as to the alleged conversion of the wild single Daffodil into the double form under cultivation. Crocus si'ECiObUs. Dr. Lowe called attention to the extremely rapid growth of this plant. During the course of one night he had observed the flower-stalks of this plant to attain a height of 4—6 inches, the flowers thrusting themselves aboveground, and even through clumps of Diantbus glacialis to this height. Red-spotted Potatos. The Secretary read a communication from Mr. Hiwkes, of Bournemouth, mentioning the presence ol these spots in tubers grown on light sandy soil, as noticed by other observers. Diseased Deodar. The Secretary showed, from Mr. Sydney Ford, gr. toW, E. Hubbard, Esq., diseased stemsof Deodar. The disease was considered to be due to the presence of the spawn of a fungas, possibly Polyporus destructor. Renanthek.v Lowii. A fine spike of this Orchid was shown, with its curious flowers of two colours, the two or three at the base being of a yellow colour, and much less spotted than those higher up. It appears, however, that the variation is in colour only, and not, as in some other cases, in sexual function also. Presentation to the Lindley Librarv. Mr. Burbidge sent copies of his work on the Chry- santhemum and on cultivated plants. The Apple Congress Committee presented a copy of British Apples, Floral Committee. Present : G. F. Wilson, L^q., in the chair; and Messrs. Henslow, Masters, Bennett, Dealby, Herbst, Woodbridge, Douglas, Child, George, Killock, Hib- herd, Ballanlyne, Dominy, Hudson, D^fluld, Wil- liams, and Hill. Mr. James, of the Castle Nursery, Lower Norwood, contributed Catlleya chocoensis ama?na, a pale form with white sepals and petals, a lemon-coloured throat, with a snnll lan-shaped purple blotch on the labL-lluni. .\ fine well-formed flower of Sophroiiiiis granditlora major, of the normal brilliant hue, but l;irger in size, came from the same nursery, as did Odontoglossuni aureo maculatum, a variety with an upright, branching flower-spike, their deviation Irom the usual manner ut" carrying itself being now observed for the second sea- son, 'rhe blooms open of a yellow colour, but become much paler afterwards. For these plants Mr. James was awarded a vote of thanks. He also exhib ted Odonlo- glossum Alexandria Triana;, a good white form of great substance, with faint blotches of brown on the sepals and lip ; O. Dormanianum, a very slenderly formed stalk and flower, of a bright yellow, spotted with choco- 1 lie colour. W. Vanncr, Esq., Camden Wood, Chisle- hurst, contributed a new Masdevallia in Armini, a curious example in purple and lilac, and bearing longish tails. Mr. Charles Noble, The Nurseries, B.igshot, also re- ceived a Vote of Thanks for a bunch of Rose Queen of Bedders, a quantity of unopened buds, and healthy leaves, gathered in the open air, speaking much for the mildness of the season in Surrey. R. H. Measures, Esq., The Woodlands, Slreatham, showed a starry- looking Odontoglossuni Alexandras, hybrid var. Jose- phine.— the distinct dark chestnut spottings on the ivory petals and sepals and its bright canary coloured crest, making a handsome and desirable variety. The exhibitor was awarded a Vole of Thanks. From Sir Trevor Law- rence's garden came a large panful of a hybrid Cypripe- dium, between punctalissimum and Spicerianum ; a C. insigne with the dorsal sepal of C. Spicerianum, pretty and distinct, and met with recognition in a Vote of Thanks. From the same garden came a densely spotted OJontoglossum Schroderianutn. F. A. Phillbrick, Esq., Oldfield, Bickley, gr. Mr. H. Heims, showed the difii- cult and rarely seen Barkeria elegans, carrying a few of its beautiful blooms, with sepals and petals dark rose, crimson lip having spots of a lighter colour. From the Holloway'nurseriesof Mr. B.^S. Williams came a strong plant of Amaryllis Comte de Germiny, with four of its cheerful rosy-pink flowers just going past their best. This is one of the race of perennial bloomers, the same biUb having borne flowers about nine months ago, and this, together with the ease with which it establishes itself after division and repotting, will make these plants of general request. There were some pretty Cyclamens of the grandiflorum type from Messrs. Page & Sons, Twickenham, one of the best being Acme, a smooth good form without coarseness— the colour purplish-rose ; C. alba plena is almost a retrogression, there being evidences of doubling in the flowers, which can scarcely be looked on as " improvements " in such a flower as a Cyclamen ; C, Excelsior was a large rough flower, but of a pure white. Mr. Child, gr., Garbrand Hall, Ewell, showed a white-flowered Anemone Chrysanthemum con- spicuous for its pure colour and entire absence of an eye. From the Swanley gardens Mr. Cannell brought Centropogon Lucyanus, very well bloomed plants in 32s, and some plants of the originals of our present race of Cinerarias — C. cruenta — in several shades ot colour. Messrs. Hooper & Co., Cover.t Garden, sent a small lot of tree Carnations, amongst which we noticed Boisy, a good primrose-coloured bloom of fair form, and a decided acquisition as regards colour ; and Melle Carle, a fine pure white, of good form. The following are the awards : — FlKVr-CLASS CliKTU'ICA ILS. To Mr. Claik, Twickenham, for Cyclamen Albert Victor. To Mr. B. S. Williams, HoUoway, for Amaryllis ConUe de Germiny. To F. A. Phillbrick, Esq , Oldfield, Bickley. for Barkeria elegans. Lucyanus. To Messrs. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, for Centropogon To Sir Trevor Lawrence, Burford Lodge, Dorking, for Odontcglossum Schruderianum. Fruit Committee. Present : J. Lee, in the chair ; and Messrs. Gold- smith, Lyon, Ross, Willard Blackmore, Roberts, Mundell, Burnett, Ellam, Denning, Bunyard, Stevens, and H. J. Veitch. There was the minimum of work in this section, for with the exception of a few seedling Apples and some specimens of Ellam's early spring Cabbage, and a collection of thirty-five dishes of Apples from Mr. In- gram, gr. at Belvoir Castle, Grantham, there was no- thing on the tables. The Belvoir fruit was sent to illustrate the orchard produce of Leicestershire and the capabilities of its heavy soil. It was interesting, if only to note how well some well known kinds keep after the thorough ripening they had — Cox's Orange Pippin, Ribston, Margil, and Golden Russet, being excellent in appearance, as were Blenheim Orange, Bramley's Seedling, Warner's King, Prince Alber^, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Mere de Menage, among the culinary kinds. Peter Lawson & Son (Limited).— A company has been formed under this title to acquire and carry on the seed department of the Lawson Seed & Nursery Company (Limited). The manager is Mr, David Syme. %\si m tt. STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LOADOA', Fob the Week Ending Wednesday, Janlarv 14, 1885. r Hygromc- trical Dc- diicrions from WlMJ. C.Iaishcr's Tables 6th Edition i "oii 0 °xs n Jan M Mean ; Jan. In. 2971 3903 —06950.036.014.043.6 aSgi 29-<4 agS' — O2i:i5.o |ji).5 S.5310— 44|)l.o 95 2961 — 00341. S330 8.S37.of I23S3 94 -o 14 39.5 27.C 12.534. 3— 1.932.0 93 + 7-3 4' 6 93 + 3-8 33 o 75 J — 3-3 >7 2 78 —0.8244 037.1 6.940 I I -0.28 38.0 40.5, 7.5 33 I S.W. N. |6 Oj)0 S S 5 33 2— 33 II 5 93 E : EN.E. In. jo. 00 O.CO 0.45 O.OI 0 00 0.02 0.(6 io-6'ii.c) 8.6ifi.2+ 0 J 13.1 '{i aSi able °" 9- 10. — . 12.— 14- Fine Fioe cold day and night. Dense fog from early morning till noon. nigtit. Heavy rain from early motniDg till 3 |i- M. Fine clear night ; windy. Fine mostly, slight rain during afternoon. Fine clear night. Dull day and night ; cold wind. Snow falling nearly all day and night. ■Snow on ground all day ; gleams of sun.hine in afternoon : rain began to fall at 9.30 r m. London: Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week ending Januaiy 10, the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea increased from 30.09 inches at the beginning of the week to 30.15 inches by 9 A.M. on the 4th, decreased to 30.05 inches by 9 A.M. on the 5th, increased to 30,24 inches by 9 A. M. on the 6th, and decreased to 30.22 inches by 3 p.m. on the same day, increased to 30.43 inches by 9 a.m. on the 7th, and was 30.06 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading of the barometer for the week was 29.96 inches, being o 12 inch lower than last week, and 0.05 inch above the average of the week. Tempera/ lire. — The highest temperature in the shade in the week was 50°, on the loth. The highest on the 4th was 39°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 42°.5. The lowest temperature was 27°, on the 9th ; on the 5th and loth the lowest temperature was 36'. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 31°. 7. The greatest range of temperature in one day was 14°, on the loth ; the smallest was T, on the 4ih. The mean of the seven daily ranges was io°.8. The mean temperatures were — on the 4th, 36^ ; on the 5th, 42°.2 ; on the 6th, 34°.S ; on the 7lh, 34°.S ; on the Sih, 37'; on the 9th, 34°. 3; on ihe loih, 43'.6 ; of these the 51h, 8ih, and loth were above [heir averages by 5°. 7, i°,2, and 7°. 3 respectively. The rest were below their averages by 0^.6, i". 6, i°.5, and i^'.g respectively. The mean temperature of the week was 37°. 5, being 3°. 7 higher than last week, and I°.2 above the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 68", on the Sth. The mean of the seven readings was 55°. 5. The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer with its bulb placed on grass was 16°, on the 9th, The mean of the seven readings was 2i*'.9. Rain. — Rain fell on two days in the week, to the amount of 0.36 inch. England : Temperature, — During the week end- ing January 10 the highest temperatures were 52", at Truro, 51° at Plymouth and Uristol. The highest at Preston was 46°, at Wolverhampton 46°.9, at Brigh- ton, Hull, and Sunderland 47". The general mean was 48\6. The lowest temperatures were 24°.6 at Wolver- hampton, at Truro 25°, at Bolton 25°.9 ; the lowest 92 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 17, 1S85. at Leeds and Prestoa was 32°, at Liverpool 3I°,6. The general mean was 28°. 7, The greatest ranges were 27° at Truro, 23°.$ at Bristol, 23° at Blackheath ; the smallest ranges were 14° at Preston, 15°. 8 at Bradford, i6°.5 at Brighton. The general mean was ig^.g. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Truro, 5o°.7, at Plymouth 47°.6, at Bristol and Liverpool 46°. 7 ; and was lowest at Hull, 40. "4, at Wolverhampton 41°. 3, at Preston 42°.!. The general mean was 44°. i. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was highest at Liverpool, 35°.4, at Truro 34°. I, at Brad- ford 34° ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 28°. I, at Bolton 29°. 3, at Plymouth 29°. 6. The general mean was 32°. i. The mean daily range was greatest at Plymouth, 18°, at Truro ifi'.d, at Bristol 16° ; and was least at Preston, S°.4, at Brighton 8°.7, at Bradford 9°.2. The general mean was 12°. The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 42°.3, at Liverpool 41°, at Sheffield 3S°.9 ; and was least at Wolverhampton, 34°. 6 ; at Hull 35°.S, at Bolton 35°. 9. The general mean was 38°. I. Rain.—T\ii largest falls were 1.76 inch at Bolton, 1.25 inch at Truro, 1.14 inch at Sheffield; the smallest falls were 0.07 inch at Leeds, 0.15 inch at Bradford, o.iS inch at Sunderland. The general mean fall was 0.64 inch. Rain fell on every day in the week at Plymouth. Scotland ; Temperature, — During the week end- ing January 10, the highest temperature was 51°, at Glasgow; at Perth the highest was 44°. The general mean was 48°. 4. The lowest temperature in the week at Dundee was 28°. 5, ; at Paisley the lowest temperature was 32°. 2. The general mean was 30°. 5. The mean temperature was highest at Paisley, 40°; and lowest at Dundee, 36°. 8. The general mean was 38°. 4. Rain. — The largest fall was 3. II inches, at Green- ock, and the smallest fall was o°.30 inch at Edinburgh. The general mean fall was 0.94 inch. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. ("Enquiries. " He tliat gucstionetk much shall learn tnuch." — Bacon. Crinum vSandekianum, &c.— C W. S. would be glad to know where bulbs of Crinum Sanderianum and Hymenocallis eucharidi folia can be obtained. Gentiana verna alba.— Is this plant still e.-xisting in any collection of alpinesin this country? It is figured inj Maund's Botanic Garden, No. 712, and in the text accompanying the excellent little figure the author says : — "We are indebted for it to the Messrs. Pope, of Handsworth, who never neglect to secure similar rarities." I should be greatly pleased to hear some one has it still, but dare not anticipate so much. R, Orchid Seeds. — Antares writes: — "I have suc- ceeded in ripening a pod of Odontoglossum crispum, Alexandras, which has just burst. The flower was fertilised from another plant of the same kind in Febru- ary, 1884. The pod contains a quantity of exceedingly fine yellow dust, which appears to be the actual seed, and its aspect under the microscope is elongated, but plump. Should the seed be kept after sowing in the dark, or in the light, and in what temperatiu-e ? " [To this question Mr. Seden, whose experience is probably greater than that of any other grower, kindly replies as follows : — "All Orchid seed should be sown as soon as ripe — that is, as soon as the seed-pods burst. Sow them on pots or pans, with good drainage, in a mixture of equal parts of peat and good sphagnum, with a fev/ lumps of charcoal. After the seed is sown give as much light as possible without exposure to full sun. Keep the pots or pans where the seed is sown moist, not too wet, or the mixture will become sour, and the seed rot. If Odontoglossum, sow in Odontoglossum-house. The temperature required by the parent plants is required also by the seedlings."] Vines. — Can any of your readers say from experience if Foster's Seedling is a reliable stock for a second variety to grow upon ? //. Weight of Gros Colmak Grape.— Can any of our correspondents inform B. & Sons of the greatest weight on record of a bunch of Gros Colmar Grapes ? Answers to Correspondents. Book on Evergreens, &c. : H. Smith. Haiidy Boot of Ornamental Conifers and Other Evergreen Plants, by Hugh Fraser ; published by W. Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh. Brown Orchid Leaf : Alpha. It looks like having been discoloured by the steam from the hot-water pipes. But how can we tell from a scrap an inch long, unaccompanied by any particulars ? Chrysanthemum Propagation : F. G. These can be grown in a cold frame, under a hand-glass, in a half-shady spot, or in heat, and may be taken ofT at any time between January i and the end of March. Your method will answer if your leaf-bed does not give off too much steam. Ventilate carefully if it does. Clover Maggot : Jame: Palmer. You should, if it be possible, send the maggot, so that it may be deter- mined. Colour of Phal-^nopsis Sanderiana : M. A. This ranges from very faint pink to deep pink. Diseased Spruce Fir : H. James. This malady, which affects Conifers, and manifests itself by gouty swel- lings on the young shoots, is described in our pages (vol. xviii., p. 109), where also a branch showing the appearances common to the^ disease is figured. Fir- tree oil is the remedy. Eucharis amazonica : D. Bird. If you had perused our pages for the last three months you would have ascertained as much from them as we could now tell you of the reasons for their ill-health. Grass : J. R. Pearson &> Sons. The bulbous variety of Avena elatior. Insect on Vines : E. W. A weevil : very destructive. Trap them at night with pieces of Potato or Carrot hollowed on the under-side, and destroy them. Lichen : W. Poison. The word is derived from the Greek, and is pronounced as if spelt leiken. Mr. Grant Allen : W. R. We do not know. Apply to Messrs. Macmillan & Co., Bedford Street, Covent Garden. Names of Plants : W. P. H. Cattleya Loddigesii. — Rex. Lselia anceps. — W. W. We think it is Lycopo- dium araplum. Please send a better specimen, and describe the plant. — F. P, 1, Retinospora pluraosa aurea ; 2, R. squarrosa, Siebold's variety. Pear Buds : W. L. We presume there is something amiss at the roots, but there is no evidence to found an opinion upon. Primula sinensis : G. W. K. It is rather unusual for dark-leaved plants to produce white flowers. The flowers were very pure in colour, but we are unable to give the reason for these freaks of Natin*e. Royal Appointment: C. C. You could apply in writing to the Comptroller of the Royal Household, Saxifrage and Lonicera : H. Rowland. No to each question. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. James Dickson & Son, Eastgate, Chester— Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Henderson & Sons, Brechin— Garden and Flower Seeds, &c. Collins Brothers & Gabriel, 39, Waterloo Road, London — Seeds, Bulbous Plants, &c. J. & R. Thyne, 83, Vincent Street, Glasgow— Garden Seeds, Implements, Requisites. HowDEN & Co., Muirtown, Inverness — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. W. Fell & Co., Hexham-Trade Seed Guide. W. Tait & Co., Dublin— Select Annual of Garden Flower Seeds, Seed Potatos, Plants, &c. Cut Flowers.—. Communications Received : — C. Mudd, New Zealand.— J. Anderson. — J. Mclndoe, New Zealand. — C. Warden. — E. Y. Michie.— A. D.— W. C. L.-C— A. D. Webster.— J. R. J.— W. N., Wyedale. — Warwickshire (not received). — G. J. A.— A Constant Reader. — D. BIRTH.— On the loth inst., at The Camp, Sunning- dale, the wife of Sir J. D. Hooker, F.R.S., ofason. COVENT GARDEN, January 15. No alteration this week. Business remains the same. Grapes firmer. James Wedder, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. X. d. s. d. Lemons, per case ..12 0-18 o Pioe-appies, Eng. ,Ib. 10-20 — St. Michael, each s o-iq o Pears, French, doz. 30-90 I. d. s. d. Apples, J^-sieve .. 16-40 — Nova Scotia and Canadian, barrel 10 0-18 o Cobs, per 100 lb. .. 60 o- .. GrapeSj per lb. . . 16-40 Vhgbtad LBS.— Average Retail Prices. . d. I. d. Globe, Artichokes, per doz 40-60 Asparagus, English, per bundle ..12 o- .. — French, bundleis 0-20 o Beans, French, lb. 16-.. Beet, per doz. ..10-.. Cabbages, per doz... 16-20, Peas, per lb, Carrots, per bun. ..06-.. ' Potatos, new, per lb. o 6- s. d. s. d. Lettuces, Cab., doz. i 6- ._ — French Cos, each 06-.. Mint, green, bunch. . i 6- .. Mushrooms, p. baskt. i o- a o Onions, per bushel.. 40-.. — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Paisley, per bunch., o 4- .. Caulitlowers, Eng- lish, dozen.. ., 3 o- 4 o Celeriac, per root .. 04- .. Celery, per bundle.. 16-26 Cucumbers, each ... 10-26 Endive, Eng., dozen i o- .. Garlic, per lb. «. o 6- . . I Herbs, per bunch .. o 2- o 4 ' Horse Radish, bun. 30-40, Potatos. — Magnum Bonums, 405. tojos.; Regents. 70J. logos. ; Champions. 45J. to 60s, per ton. Markets liave a down- ward tendency. Radishes, per doz. Rhubarb, bundle ..06-.. Salsify, per bund. .. 10-.. Seakale, per punnet 20-26 Small salading, per punnet ..04-.. Spinach, per bushel 30-.. Tomatos, per lb. ..10-16 Turnips, bun. » 05- . . Abutilon, iz bunches 2 Arum Lilies, la blms. 6 Azalea, 12 sprays .. i Bouvardias, per bun. i Camellias, per doz .. 3 Carnations, 12 blms. i Chrysanih., 12 bun.12 — large, 12 blooms 2 Cinerarias, per bun. i C>clamen, 12 blooms o Epiphyllum, izblms, o Eucharis, per doz. .. 6 Euphorbia iacquini- flora. 12 sprays .. 3 Gardenias, 12 blms.. 18 Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays .. .. i Lapageria, white, 13 blooms . . . . 2 — red, 12 blooms . . ... I Lily-of-Val.,i2sprays i Averag: d, s. d. 0-40 0-90 o- 1 6 o- I 6 o- 8 c 0-30 o- 24 o 0-40 c- 1 6 3-06 4-06 0-90 0-60 E Wholesale Prices. J. Marguerites, 12 bun. 6 Mignonette, 12 bun. 6 Narcissus, Paper- while, 12 sprays . . 2 — French, 12 bun. 6 Pelargoniums, per 12 sprays .. .. i — scarlet, 12 sprays o Pcinj-eltia, 12 blooms 3 Pnmula, double, bun. i — sinensis, 12 bun. 4 Roses (indoor), doz. 2 — French, per doz. x Stckesia, 12 blooms i TropeColum, 12 bun, 2 Tuberoses, per doz.. 2 Tulips, 12 blooms .. 1 Violets, 12 bun. .. i — French, bunch. . 2 — Parme, French, per bunch .. ..7 Wallflower, 12 bun.. 4 White Jasmine, bun. o d. s. d. 0-90 0-90 6-30 0-12 0 0-20 9-10 0-90 0-16 0-60 0-60 0-30 o- . . 0-40 0-40 0-16 0-16 6-30 0-86 0-60 6- I o Plants in Pots, — Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o Arbor-vitae (golden), per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o — (common), dozen 6 0-12 o Arum Lilies, dozen g 0-15 o Azaleas, per dozen . . 18 0-42 o ; Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o ! Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o \ Cinerarias, per doz, . 9 o- 12 o I Cyclamens, per doz. g 0-24 o Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o DraCcBOa terminalis. per dozen .. ..30 0-60 0 — viridis. per doz.. 12 0-24 o ! Epiphyllum. doz. ..18 0-24 o ' Erica, various, doz. 9 o-iS o , Euonymus, various, per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o ; Evergreens, in var., per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o ' s, d. s. a. Ferns, in variety, per dozen .. ..4 0-18 o Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ..2 o-io o Hyacinths, per doz. 8 o-io o — Roman, per pot 10-13 Marguerite Daisy, per dozen 8 0-15 o Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Palms in variety, each .. ..2 6-21 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ., 40-60 Poinsettia, per doz. g 0-15 o Primula sinensis, per dozen . . ..40-60 Solanums, dozen .. 9 0-12 o Tulips, dozen pots .. 8 o-io o SEEDS. London : January 14. — A somewhat improved tone is now noticeable in the trade for farm seeds. More inquiries are coming to hand from the country ; there is generally more disposition to piu-chase ^Clover seeds. Meanwhile values all round remain without quotable variation. For Haricot Beans and blue boiling Peas there Is a better demand, owing to the colder weather. Spring Tares meet with greater favour. Canary and Hemp seed sell on last week's terms. More money is wanted for feeding Linseed, ^ohn Shaw 6* Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, A/ark Lane, London, B.C. CORN. At Mark Lane on Monday the trade was somewhat disappointing as regards Wheat. At the opening factors asked further advanced rates, but buyers held off, and eventually a moderate business was concluded at about the prices of the previous Monday. Flour also showed no quotable change on the week. Malting Barley ruled ij. above the quotations of this day se'nnight, and grind- ing sold well, 3(A to 4. C'l per loor. ROSE SOUVENIR MALMAISON. LA FkANCK, and others, best soiti, Hybrid Perpetual and Tea, fit for pt culiure, for sale by lo.ooo at low prices. CATALOGUES, printed in Englibh, will be sent on app'ica- tion to L, PAILLET, Nurseryman. Chatenay (Seine) near Paris, France. Established 1817 CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Speciality.— 420 varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest and cheapest Collections in the Trade Plants, purchaser's selection, 2j. f>d. per doien, i6j, per loo ; cuttings, \s. td. per dozen, lor. per lOo ; W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For ihe new English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with Essay nn Cultivation, one stamp. Inspection invited. W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swamcombe. Kent. WF. PIPER, begs to offer the Shrubs • named ;-CEANOTHUS, in pots, 2 to n feci; PINUS INSIGNIS. 2 to 4 feet: CUPkESSUS MACRO- C.\RPA, 3 to 6 feet; ESCALLONIA MACRANTHA, ve.y good ; LAURUSTINUS, 1 to 2 feet : 2-year LAURELS, i^ to 2 feet ; Double GORSE, i-year ; HAZEL, 3 to 5 feet, gooa. All transplanted in fall of 1884 ; good balls. Parkstone Nurserie=, Dorset, — January 13, 1885. HEATHS a SPECIALITY.— The finest Colleciron .,f H EA'I HS. AZALEAS, and HARD- WOODED SruVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS gener- ally in ihe coimtry. An inspection solicited. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston-on-Thame', PALMS, Strong:, healthy, splendidly foliaged. — Latania borbunica and teaforlhia elegans, 20 inclies high, I2J per do7en ; sample j lint, \s 3 '. ; Latania borbunica and Seaforihii elegans, 12 inches high, 25J. per 100 ; simple dozen. 41 ; Maidenhiir FERNS, Adiantuni cuneatum, 20J. per 100 ; sample dozen, 31. Packages and parcels post-tree. Postal Orders to the GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, lon.lon. N. BRUSSELS SPROUTS, MAY'S NORTHAW PRIZE, the variety that has been success- fully exhibited by him and admired. Seed direct from ihe grower, \s. td. per packet. Cheaper to the Trade, J. MAY, The Gardens, Northaw, Barnet, Herts. p O S E S.— R O S E S.— R OSES. -L \} An immense quantity of Standards, Half-standards, low budded on Manetii and on Brier roots. Eest Trading sorts are disposable as well. 300 oao Own Roots of every kind — Perpeiuals, Noisette, Tea, Moss, The whole at an exceptionally low price. ROSE STOCK. 150000 MANETTL 15J. to 20J. per 1000. 2»,ooo LA GRIKFERAYE, 3:^. per lo.roo. 1.000,000 BRIER SEEDLINGS, i-yr. and 2 yr. transplan'ed. all fine stocks, for sale at very low price?, from £i, to £(i and in per £io.oTO ; transplanted 2 years. Aio per io;o. Catalogue, published in Engli:h, will be sent on application to L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay (Seine), near Pans, France. Established 1827. A SPARAGUS, grand Roots for Forcing, is. -iTi, per dozen, xts 6d. per ico ; strong, for planting, ss. 6d. per 100. SEAKALE, forcing. 2s. (td. per dozen, i6j. per ico; planting, qs. per dozen, tkj. td. per 100 RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, VVorcester. BIES DOUGLASII, \\ to 2 feet, 25^. per 100 ; 2 to 2^^ feet. 33s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 ftet, dos. per 100; by the thousand, finely finished and rooted. ARAU- CARIA IMBRICATA, 18 to ao mches, 241. per dozen : 2 to 2,'^ feet, 42J. per dozen; 3 feet, extra, 6 j perdozen; each size by ttie thousand. CtDRUS DEliDAKA, 4 to 5 feet, 30^. per dozen. CRYPTOMF.RIA ELEGANS. 2 to 2j4 feet, 6o[. per 100. CUPRESSUS LAWSONII, i^ to 3 feet, 6m. per 100 ; C. GRACILIS, distinct, \\i loot. i2j. per dozen ; C. STRICTA, 2 to 2^< feet, the finesit upright, lai. per dozen ; C. FUNE- BRIS, scarce, 1% foot, 15J. per dozen. PICEA NOBILIS, 3 to 4 feet, 60J. perdozen: P. NORDM ANN lANA, 1 foot, fine, 5c J, per 100 ; ij^ to 2 feet. 15s per dozen ; 6 feet, extra, 84*. per dozen. PINUS EXCELSA, 2 (eet. 8j. per dozen; P. INSIGNIS. I foot. 301. per 100 ; 6 to 8 inches, i6j. per ito THUIA LOBBII. 10 to 15 inches : special by the 1000, the best substitute for Larch. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, 1 to 4 feet, each size in thousand.s. GARLIES MIICHELL. Nurseryman, Ptranraer. N.R. THE NEW Y E L L-O W ROSE, HYBRID PERPETUAL. GLOIRE LYONAISE.— This extraordinary variety is the finest Rose ever sent out in the Trade. It has been obtained Ly artificial hybridisation of the Rose Mme. Falcot with Baronne de Rothschild. This variety will be a fine one for Market purposes. 1 he Rose Gloire Lyonaise will be sold by subscription at, per I Plant, 15J. ; 6 Plants, £^ ; i dozen Plants. Ct. 20C0 Plants are for disposal, but as already many orders are subscribed, I beg to inform persons who intend to send orders to do so immediately, for the quantity disposable will be soon run out. Direct orders to L. PAILLET, Horticulturist and Nurseryman, Chatenay, Seine, France -Establislied 1827. M. L. Paillet takes the opportunity of this Advertisement to ofTer, at a very low price, more than 70,000 ROSES of every description — Standards. Half- standards, low budded on Manetti and Brier roots. Fine splendid lot of ROSES on own roots, i-yr, and 2 yr. transplanted. More than ao.coo MALMAISON and other good leading sorts are for sale. Also an immense lot of MANEITl STOCKS, LA GRIFFERAYE. and BRIERS, i-yr. and 2-yr. transplanted, are offered for sale. Price will be sent on application, CATALOGUE, printed in English, also sent on application 94 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [JAKUARY 17, 1885. PO TATOS— SUTTON'S READING HERO, several tons to dispose of; excellent sample, specially grown for Seed. IRELAND AND THOMSON. 20, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh. FOR SALE,~Two fine Specimen DENDRO- BlUM NOBILE, in good health, nearly 3 feet in diameter and as much through : about lo^blooming bulbs on ; in Tubs. Price i'j 51. each. And two smaller, about sixty bulbs, £,1 \zs. each ; or a reasonable offer for the lot would be taken, for Cash. E. BARRANCE, Trent Valley Nursery, Lichfield. Wliolesale List of Vegetable Seeds. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to • forward their WHOLESALE LIST of Home Grown VEGETABLE SEEDS to those who have not yet received it. It comprises all the best varieties in cultivation, and the quality ot the seeds is exceptionally good. Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech. EW CHRYSANTHEMUM S.— I cffer 25 varieties, selected in China and Japan, which for size of flower, freedom of growth, and distinct colours, sur- pass the older varieties. Four Certificates of Merit in New York, Dec. 2. Price 50.-. the set. Usual ternij to the Trade, LTSTon apciication to H. WATERER. lmp->rter of Plants and Bulbs, 38=9, Pewelton Avenue, Philadelphia, U.S.A. ASPARAGUS.— Extra strong three and four years stuff. Samples and prices on application to THO^L'VS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London. RIEMSCHNEIDER, Brandenburg-on- • Havel, Germany, begs to cffer the following Flower Seeds in very best qualitj' : — ASTERS. BOLTZER, Dwarf, bouquet, mixed, per lb., 4C.S. ; per ounce, 41. ,, ., ,, Separate colours, per ounce. 51. M ,. 6 distinct colours, each ico seeds, 6/. C tlRVSANTHEMUM, Dwarf, mixed, per lb., 58^.; per cz.,4J. ,. ,, Separate colours, per ounce, 51. .. ., 12 distinct colours, each loo seeds, \s. IMCRIQUE POMPON, mixed, per lb,, 385. ; per ounce, 3J. ,, ,, Separate colours, per ounce, 4^. ,, 12 distinct colours, each 100 seeds, lOa'. P.^lONY PYRAMIDE. m-xed. perlb.,6oj. ; per ounce, 4". td. ,, ,, Separate colours, per ounce, 5^. .. ., 12 dibttr.ct colours, per ounce, 15, 6^. VlCrt^RIA, exira fine, mixed, per lb., tos. ; per ounce, 4.^. 6/. ,, Separate colours, per ounce, 55. ,, 12 distinct colours, each 100 seeds, i,s. 6ti. BALSAMS, CAMELLI.VFLOWERED, double, extra fine, mixfd, per lb. 355.: per ounce 31. ; separate colour;^, per ounce 4^ ; eight distinct colours, 100 seeds, is. ROSE-FLOWEKED, extia, mixed, per lb. 35^.. per ounce 35, ; separate colours, per ounce 45. ; eight distinct colours, each ICO seeds t;. STOCKS. GE.RMAN TEN-WEEK, laige floweied. extra, mixed, per )b. Soj., rer ounce 6s. ; separate colours, per ounce ys.; twenty distinct colours, each 100 seeds, 3s. ,, INTERMEFJIATE, mixed, e^tra fine, per ounce 125. ,. WINTER or ERDMPTON. mixed, per ounce rcj. *J he seed of Stocks offered here is harvested from plants culti- viitd in pots. Seed harvested from the grounds, l.kewi::e very good, is about 20 per cert. lower in price. WALLFLOWER. IXTRA DOUBLE TALL, or DWARF, mi.ved, €s. ptr cuiiC': ; separate colours, 71. fd. per ounce. „ DWAKF, single, mixed, 4s, per lb., 6d. per ounce. ,, ,, ,, Separate colours, yt. per lb., is. per OZ- All my .^eeds have been selected with the utmcst care and sttert;on, and I have great pleasure in recommending them 10 ycur notice. BEANS. FLAGEOLET. Blood-red, 25^. per cwt. DWARF FRENCH, long early Yellow, for forcing, 24^. p. cwt. ,, Sugar Pearl, 15^. per cwt. SCARLET RUNNERS. 25*. per cwt. All other Vegetable and Flower Seeds in best quality and at Low Prices. LILY of the VALLEY, sliong flowering pips, true Berlin sort, prices on appliction. All ortlers should be addressed to Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and £0N, 25, Savage Gardens, London, E.C. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE., 4^, per bushel ; iod for 251. ; iruck (liiose. about 2 tons), 401. : 4-bushel bags, 4 8d. lb., 28 lb. iSs. MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack.. 5^. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all sehcied 2s. per bush.. 65. per sack. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sack-;, is. each ; 10 sacks, 95, ; 15 sacks, 135. ; 20 sacks, 17s. 30 sacks, 355. ; 40 sacks, 30J. Truck-load, loose, free on rail. 3ot. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY KOAD, MILWALL. LONDON, E. VINE and PLANT MANURE. . per bush, (sacks included.) The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, will in future sell their celebrated MANURE under the name of" COWAN'S VINE and PLANT MANURE," in place of " Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure." The composition will be the same, and the high quality in every way be maintained. Bags containing 1 cwt., 20s. ; i cwt., los. 6ii. ; J cwt., 6s. ; J cwt , 3.r. 6d. Circulars, with full particulars, on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYARD, GARSTON. EUREKA! ! INSECTICIDE. Prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, Stockbrldge, Edinburgh Hii^hest Awards Forestry Exhibition^ Edinburgh. " Clovenfords, by Galashiels, N.B., July 25, 18S3. " Mr. Smith, — Dear Sir, — We have now tried your Insecti- cide on all the Insects we can find on any of onr Plant?, includ- ing Orchids, and used as dirccidd by you we find it instant destruction to ihtni all. while it neither stains nor injuic> the tenderest leaf. We shall in fuUire use no Fir-tree Oil, or other Insecticide but yoiir'^.^We .irf, yours truly, "WILLIAM THOMSON and SONS." WHOLESALE AGENTS:— CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. 18, Flnsbury Street, London. E.C. INSECTICIDE (Soluble inWater) Effectually clears all Insects and Parasites from tln^ Koots or Foliapre of Trees and PljiiN. Kill.s all W-rtablL- (irubs, Turnip L'ly, &c. Cures Mildew and Blight. C'ieiirn OiMpes from Mealy Bug, &e., and makes a good Winter Dre^^-sing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemisf". 1/fi, 2/fi, 4/fi a bottle. Tor ^'al- Inn 12/G, or les.s in lar^rcr quantities. A Ti-enCtf. on "Fir Ti-fi- Oil." Olid its appliratinn. .init frcr on vrnyt nf ndihrii-; hi, Ih'- Maiiufacturrr, E. GRTTFlTni^ HUGHES. MANCUESTEll. Wholesale from HooPcR & Co. ; Corky, Sopfb, Fowt i:it .iirl Co.;'C. E, OsMAN & Co. and from all the London Seed Merchants and "Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. 4 pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly V-V made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society of England. Sacks, 15. each; 15 sacks, 13J.; so sacks, 17.1.; 30 sacks, 25s.; 40 sacks, 30^., sacks included : iruckload of ztons, loose, 35s. All gonds free on to rail. Cash with all orders will oblige.— J. STEVENS and CO.. -Greyhound" Yard, and 153, High Street, Battersea. S.W.— Established 1872. "PUREKA INSECTICIDE.— The only In- J— ^ secticide worth using. Recommended by the Principal Gardeners in Scotland. 1 he only Insecticide awarded Diploma, Forestry Exhibition. Edinburgh. — Wholesale Agents, CORRY, SOPER. FOWLER akd CO.. Finsbury Street, London. E.C. GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1850 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrip-^, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Bo-xes, is., 3?., and 10s. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, td. and is. from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. THARPHAM, Practical Rock Builder, • and General Horticultural Decorator (for many years leading hand with Dick Radclyffe & Co., London), IC7, Chvnch Street, Edgware Road, London, W, Estimates free. T H. undertakes all kinds of STONE. CORK, or COMPOSITION WORK, PLUMBING, antl ZINC WORK in connection with Horticultural Decorations. Aquariums, Window Cases and Boxes. TILE FLOORS l.iid and .all kinds of RUSTIC WORK made to order. Has obtained a Silver Medal, and also a Testimonial from Paris Exhibition for Horti- cultural Decorations. Orders by post punctually attended to. Conservalorles Furnished by Cintract. TUFFA STONE, SPAR and CORK for sale, in stock. TOHN SHAW AND CO., 31, Oxford Street, O Manchester, Manufacturers of TIFFANY and NET- TING of every Description. Circular and Prices on app'ication. TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, i W. per yard ; 4 yards wide, ^d. per yard ; 2 yards wide, ics. per fco yards ; 4 yards wide, 20J, per 100 yards. NEW TWINE NETTING, 1 inch mesh, r yard wide. 2d.: 2 yards wide. 4d ; 4 yards wide, 8wer ! 1 must have it." Sow seeds in gentle heat in March; plant out in May half a dozen plants, and you will have lljwers that you will never forget. First-class Certijlcate. Is, per packet. H. CANUELL & SOUS, " THE HOME OF FLOWERS," SWAULEY, KEUT. CUCUMBER. 2s. 6d. per Packet (10 Seeds). Epicurean will produce Cucumbers all the year round. Epicurean is a fortnight earlier than Telegraph — a darker green, longer — more prolific, and better in flavour. CHARLES SHARPE and CO., SLEAFORD. AUTUMN, 1884. W. B. ROW^E & CO., Limited, (EstaWlshed upwards of a Century,) BARBOURNE NURSERIES, WORCESTER. T^i-ic-CTO AT- L. 1 eri-v r\e\r\ (The strongest, healthiest, and Bucst ever tffered, and cantiot fail to Eive the ROSES.— About 150,000. 1 e.eatest satisfaction. STANDARDS, from \os. per dozen to T^s. per 100 ; DWARFS, or BUSH, from -js. 6d. per dozen to 50J. per 100. Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. FRUI TREES. — Apples, Pears. Plums, Damsons, and Cherries. Grown specially for Orchards. — From iZs. to 305'. per dozen. BUSH or PYRAMIDAL, 2+r. to 36.?. per dozen ; TRAINED for WALLS, 30J. to 42J. per dozen. — Approved and Choice Varieties. APRICOTS, PEACHES, and NECTARINES. From 4^. 67. to js. dd. each. — Our Fruit Trees are specially noted for their fibrous roots, which ensure success in removal. CONIFERS. — Fine Specimens, for Avenues, Parks, &c., from 5^. to 25J-. each. — A large Collection of the Leading Varieties, all healthy and well-grown. FLOWERING SHRUBS.— From (>d. each. In great variety. FOREST TREES of all kinds. JOHN CORBETT, HoTWATER Engineer, CORPORATION ROAD, CARLISLE, Inventor and Sole Manufacturer of the RIGMADEN WEOCGHT-IRON WATERWAY FIRE- BAB BOILERS The best and most economical Boilers ever introduced An additional healing power of fully one-third i*; obtained by the use of these Wrought-iron Waterway Birs. Churches, Schools, and all Ili^fticultriral Bitildniss Ilealci en the iiiiyst nf/^yovfeais. Many ex- perienced Vine growers have already adopted it, and expiessed their entire appioval of the result. liox containing 6 d^zen p ice 55. Sold by R. H. AND J. PEARSON, 141 and 141 High Sircct, Notting Hill, W. ; and J. W, DART. St. Aiibin\ Jer:,ey. As a quantity of ground jnust be cleared this season^ no reasonable offer 'U'iil be refused. Estimates given^ free of charged/or Laying-out and Planting Gardens. AN INSPECTION OF THE NURSERIES IS RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED. The Tram Cars pass the Gates of the Nurseries. Motto. — "Excellence, Art, Durability, Economy." CROMPTON AND FAWKES, (Formerly T. H. P. DENNIS & CO.,) ANCHOR WORKS, CHELMSFORD, Conservatory and Hothouse Builders in Wood or Iron, and Heattn^ Engineers. CATALOGUES, Revised Priced LISTS, DESIGNS, and full Particulars of ORNAMENTAL CONSERVATORIES GROWING-HOUSES, B3ILERS, HEATING APPARA. TUS, &c., Post-firee, od application. 95 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. (January 17, 1885. RICHARDSON'S IMPROVED GARDEN FRAMES WITH ADJUSTABLE RIDGE VENTILATION. Lights can be inslaMly removed or fixed open at any angle without interfering with the plants. Carriage Paid to any Station. Apply for Price List to W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders & Hot-water Engineers, DARLINGTON. DAV ID LOWE & SONS, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, GILMORE PARK, EDINBURGH ; and CORNBROOK, CHESTER ROAD, MANCHESTER. Plans and Estimates on application for every description of Horticultural Buildings in Wood or Iron. Garden Frames and Sashes in Stock. DEANE & CO.'S "GEM" CONSERVATORY. {Desi'^H Rfghtered, No. 14, 865.) 10 ft. long, 8 ft. wide, 10 ft. 6 in. high. Price complete, with 'antern roof, 'taging, c )loured glass in lantern and door, ventilating lights in side and lantern, gutter and down pipe, and Loughboiough Hot-water Apparatus, with 15 feet of 4-inch pipe. £25 nett. " GEM • CONSERVATORY, 8 teet wlcle. as above, 12 feet long, £28 nett. Erected complete within 15 miles of London Bridge, or delivered carriage free to any Station in England, with every part marked for fixing. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. " A marvel of ecoromy." — Gardtners Afugaztne. " A cheap and handsome cons-ervatory." — Bazaar. *■ An ornamental and useful conservatory."— CJarrft^w IVork. ''There is nothing like the ' Gem.' '" — Ladici' Piciotinl. DEStrjNS and F.STIMATF.S for CONSERVATORIES, GKP.EENHOUSESanfi HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION FREE. THE LOUGHBOROUGH HOT-WATER APPARATUS. Complete as shown, with 12 feet of 4-inch Hot-water Pipe, C\ 4*- Delivered '*ree to any Sta- tion. Discount for Cash, The simplest, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus made. It requires no brick Setiing, n> stokehole, and no hot- water filter for fixing, aod burns more than twelve hours without attention. Loughborough Boilers to heat up to 650 feet of 4 inch pipe, with hot-water pipes, joints, &c., always in stock. COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF AW SIZE ON APPLICATION. CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE, DEANE & CO., Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, '•sSIe.c.""} LONDON BRIDGE. Cucumber Frames. RH A L L I D A Y and C O. desire to • draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which ihey always have a large stock, leady glazed and painted, 1 hey are made of the best mateiials. and can be put together ard taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered to any station in Ei gland ;— £, s. d. z-light frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) p -v; « f 3 10 o .vlightframe, i2feetby6feet^ j;^^^' f^ S 5 o 6-lightf.?me, r4'eet by 6feet i '-^^""**' ( 10 00 The glass is nailed anJ puttied in. Lights and framing for brick pits at proportionately low prices. R. HALLIDAY and CO., Hothouse Biiildersand Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Middleion, Manchester. W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL EOW, LONDON, E.C. W H LASCELLES amd CO w 11 g ve Est mates for every descripiion of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charce. and send competent assistants when necessaiv. LASCELLES' WEW ROCKWORK. material io various colours. Samples can be seen, and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, F,.C. Illustrated Lists of Wonden Buildings, Greenhouses and Confervatories, and Concrete Slabs lor walls, paths, and stages, sent pojt-free on aoplication. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH, Horticultural Builders and Manufacturers of Boilers, Valves, &c. Experienced men sent to any part of the Kingdom. Our men are generally fixing Boilers in most of the Home Counties, and can be sent at a short notice to inspect or replace Boilers. Cbeck "Bd Saddle Boiler ALL KINDS OF BOILER KEPT IN STOCK. This Boiler is fixed in every county in England, giving the greatest satisfaction. Terminal-end Saddle Boiler. ALL KINDS OF BOILER KEPT IN STOCK. NETT PRICES ON APPLICATION. Catalogues Post-free. All Boilers are guaranteed to heat tfji iently the quantity of piping staled in the Catalogue. Under tbe Patronage of tbe Queen JS M I T H'S IMPERISHABLE . STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. 1 he Gardener's Magazine says : — " We must give these Ihe palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon. ARDEN requisites.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats. Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London, E.G. H oil Paint no Longer Necessair. ILL AND SIMITH'S BLACK varnish for Preservmg Ironwoik, Wood, or Sione. (Re^j Ured Ttadi MarkS This VARNISH is an excellent sub'.titule for oil paint on alt outdoor woik, while it is fuUy two-ihirds cheaper. It was introduced upwards of ih'rty years ago by the Adverti-ers. and lis genuine gocd quality, notwithstandine a host of un^-rircipled imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It may be applied bv an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing or thinninp, and is uied cold. It is used in the grounds at Windsor Castle, Kew Garden?, and at the seats of many hundreds of the Nobiiity and Gentry, from whom the most flattering testimonials have been received. Sold in Casks of abaut 30 gallons each, at \s. (td. per gallon, at the Manufactory, or is. Zd. per gailo.i Cirriage paid to any Station in the Kingdom. Unsolicited Testimonial. " Pierceficld Park. June 21, 1876.— Sir=.— I have this day forwarded from Chepstow t) your address a bbck varnish cask, to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as ihe last we hid, which I candidly admit was the best we ever hid. Address Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re- spectfully, Wm Cox." CAUTION.— 'Ww.i. & Smith would particularly warn their Customers agaiost the various cheap Varnishes now so much advertised. H. & S.'s Varnish has been an aiticle of common use on most of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ; and their constantly iiicieasing trade in it, and the numerous Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article, Every cask is legibly marked wiih their name aitd Registered Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine. Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field and Entrance Gates, &c . sent free on application 10 HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staflfo-d.hire ; n8, Queen Victoria Street, Loudon, E C. ; and 196, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. ^____ Rosber's Garden Edging Tileti. ^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of gtest durability. The plainer sons are specially suited ft.r KITCHEN " GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and, once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VA^ES, FOUNTAINS. S:c., in Artificial Sione, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO, Manufacturers, Upper Ground S reet, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chel-ea, S.W. ; Kingsland Road. E Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT " ACME" FRAMES. PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES- also for FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. Tbe Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, C^riidors, Balconies. &c , from 3s. per square yard upwards. Patltrn Sheet of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent (or selection WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Bath*, Slc. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety, Slates. Cement &c. F. ROSHER AND CO , Brick and Tile Meichants. See Addresses above. Si L V E R S~ A N D, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton or Triickload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURKS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SON, 9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of so in. by lain., 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in, by 16 in., ao in. by iSin., in 16-01. and 21-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in 300-ft. and ^oo-ft. cases. SPECIAL G LASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES, &c. AU sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application. T. & W. F A R M I L O E, Rochester Row, Westininster, London, S.W. PURE WOOD CHARCOAL FOR VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES, ROSES, FLOWER BEDS. POTTING PURPOSES, AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds, Yorkshire. January 17, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 97 STEVEN BROS. & CO. 35 and 36, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. iii Mamifachirers of Wrought and Cast Plain SADDLE BOILERS. Terminal-end Saddles. GOLD MEDAL BOILERS. Independent Conical Boilers. ARGOSY BOILERS, &c. Hot-water Pipes and Connections. Patent Hot-water PIPES and CONNECTIONS. Patent Expansion Joints. THE "MILTON" VALVES, &c. ||j yV07"£". — Steven Bros, have the largest and best stock '" of Hot-water Appliances in London. R. S. DUNBAR & CO. (Late of tbe THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY), No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. 2-inch. \s. od. 2,s. 6d. each. HOT-WATER PIPES ELBOWS - i^. ^d. SYPHONS ••■ ^s.^d. JEES ••• i-s'- 9^. ... 25. 6d. ... 35. 6d. each, Boilers in great variety in stock. A Discount for Cash to the Trade. l> I) 3- inch. \S. 4d. IS. gd. 2S. 6d. 25. 6d. 4-inch. 15. gd. per yard. 25. ^d. each. THOMAS GREEN & SON (Limited), Smitlifjeld Ironworlcs, Leeds, And Suirey WorHs. Eladcfrlars Road, London, S.E. Horticultural Engineers to Her Majesty the Queen, CALL SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THEIR PATENT WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR HOT-WATER BOILERS, And others wlih SHELVES, and Hol'ow or Oidinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS ; SADDLE BOILERS, With WATERWAY BACKS, and WELDED BOILERS which are Specially adapted for Healing Gieenhouses, Conser- vatories, Churches, Chapels, Schools.Public Buildings, Entrance Halls, Warehouses, Workshops. &c. They are the neatest, cheapest, moit effective, and durab'e o/any extant. The Tubular ones are remarkable fur their great heatinff power, slow conibusiion, and the length of time the fire will burn wiihout requiring attention. 1 his pattern Had the First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal, Aiv ,rd(dlo it nt the Royal HortjciiUnml Soiiety's Exhibit i, n ^outh Ken in^to7i, London, onfiine 3 1881. H OTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTlCLJLriJRAL WORKS. MIDDLETON. MANCHESTER. FROHTELCVATIDN CROSS SEC Vineries, Stoves, Green.houses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses. &«:., cnnstmcted on our improved plan, ar*? tie per'ecii&n of growing houses, and fur piuctlcal uiiiity, ccuuomy. and durabiluy cai.nui he equalled. We only do one class of woik. aud that THR VFKV BRST Conservatories and Winter Gardens de^iered arrliiiecnrally correct wiib'-m the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the smallest 10 the large t. Hot-Water Heating Apparatus, with really reli.-ble Boilers, erected, and success guarauieed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hothed Boxes, &c., aiivays in stock Plans, Estimates and Catalng-ues free. Custotners -waited en in any part of th£ Kingdotn, Our Maxira is ard always has been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST -CLAba wutvK. THE BEST MATERIALS. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DISCKIFTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMEIKID. WOODEN CHAPELS. SHOOTING LODGES COTTAGES. TENNIS COURTS. VERANDAHS, &C. C O o z a: O ?3 "" > The Journal of Ilanicullure of June 9 saj s : — ' He ting AlTAKrtTLS — A gieai nun.bcr ol boiltr-i, valve=, 8rc . were I xliibi-.ed byeitht Ciimpetitf is, and C')n iitrablein- iere:t WIS m.ini'ested in the verdict of ih-; juMg-s Biid much di-cu>Mon was brought to bear on the merits and rh riconiings r>f the cifierent boi cr^*. Th; appa-atus for which the Silver Medal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a •■elic^ of iiitcrsecting lubes, somewhat in the f im of a leiter N , but the lubes \n ogee (oim, in the Cf<- wn of ihe boiltr. Mist ^.tideiitrs who txjm ned the boiler expressed a frtVLUrablc I puiion uf ir. It is no doubt a quick and power ""ul boiler w 11 h- out being complex, the latter condition laving, no doubt, had weight with the judges," The Garden of June ir ja^ s : — "The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs. G.een it Sun for iheir new patent tubular sadcle builer. It is a modification of their original patent, the boiler bting longer and not so high. It is found to be a powerlul and tflicient boi'er. and heats a targe quantity of water quickly with a •nnc II consumpiiou o' fuel,'' De>criptive Illustrated Price List may be had free on application. Estimates given for all kinds of Heating Appa^alu^, and Hot- walcr Fittings of every variety supplied on the shortcut nuiice. Galvanized Iron Cisterns, fiom ^d. to \s. 6d. per galli.n. IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS, Iron and Wire ispaliers, &c. MATERIAL for WIRING GARDEN WALLS. -WATER EABNESS o APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS, BOOMS. DRYINQ ROOMS. HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION. EYES, ^d. perdoz. HOLDFASTS, with Winders, 7J. per dozen. WIRE, 2--. per rco yards. CATALOGUE frte. Pfettie tiame this faper. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, VICTORI.A. WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON And 3, Crooked Lare, King William Street, London, E.C. 98 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. (JANUARY 17, 1885. THE aRDENERS;^ CHRONICLE. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING. Head LtfU cfiar^ed as tivo. 4 Lines. ../o 1 0 15 Lines Ao s 6 5 „ ... 0 6 16 0 9 0 6 „ ... 0 4 0 17 )i 0 q 6 7 „ ... 0 4 6 18 0 10 0 8 „ ... 0 'i 0 19 )) 0 10 6 9 „ ... 0 S 6 20 0 II 0 10 „ ... 0 6 0 21 0 1 1 6 11 ., ... 0 6 6 22 0 12 0 12 „ ... 0 7 0 23 0 12 6 13 „ ... 0 7 6 24 0 I", 0 14 „ ... 0 8 0 25 3) 0 1.3 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EV ERV ADDITIONAL LINE. If se across columns, the lowest charge wUI be Page .^.q 0 0 Half Pag< - S 0 0 Column ■ 3 5 0 GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS. 26 words i^, 6denh)m. SE. ANTED, as FOREMAN, a thorough Florist, well up in Outdoor Bedding ; also in Growmg and Training Plants for Show.— A. SOUTHARD, Esq., Fern Lodge, Bracknell, Berks. Y\7'ANTED, an OUTDOOR FOREMAN. » » Must be a thoroughly trustworthy and energetic man, competent to take the entire charge of a portion of the Nursery Grounds, well up in the Hardy Fruit. Coniferax, Ornamental and Flowering Trees, Roses, Vine*^, Cucumbers, Forcing Straw- berries, &c. Must be a good manager of men— Apply, by letter only, giving experience, references, and salary expected, to The WESTERHAM NURSERIES and SEED COMPANY (late John Catiell), Westeiham. Kent. W^ANTED, a thoroughly trustworthy MAN, to undertake the entire Growing of Roses for MarVee, None need apply without having a ihorough knowledge oi h s work.— J. S., ICO, St. lohn Street, Cleikenwell. London, E.C. WANTED, AT ONCE, a steady married man, as SALESMAN and PROPAGATOR ; well up in Hard and Soft-wooded Plants, and understands Budding and Grafting, Bouquet and Wreath Making. No one need apply who cannot produce good testimonials. Wages 28.1 per week, — ISAAC MATTHEWS and SONS, The Nurseries, Milton, Stoke-on-Trent, WANTED, a young MAN, with knowledge of Pruning, Nailing, and General Outside Work. Prospect of being taken undtr glass afiei twelve months' satis- factory service. Only active, witling men need apply. Good character indispensable. No bothy. State age and wages re- quired.— WM. BARDNEY, Head Gardener, Norris Green, West Derby, Liverpool. Nursery Hands.—Constant Work. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, TWO or THREE active, steady young MEN, thoroughly accustomed to transplanting Quicks and general Hard Nursery Stuff, either by piecework or otherwise — Applv to the FOREMAN, W. W.Johnson & Son, Nurserymen, Boston, Lincolnshire. WANTED, an IMPROVER, under Glass, in a Nobleman's establishment.— Some ki;owIedge necessary. Bothy.— W. CHILD, Croome Court, Severn Stoke, Worcester. Foreman for Fruit Department. WANTED, a first-class MAN for a large charge.— Apply with all particulars 10 NURSERY- MAN, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellineton Street. Strand, W.C. WANTED, a young MAN, about 20, to take charge of the arrangement of Florist's Shop and Conservatory. Must have good tasie m Setting-up and well understand Plants. One accustomed to th- Trade and a total abstainer preferred. Wages »2J. — BOURNE and UNDER- WOOD. 57, High Street, Camden To.vn. N.W. WANTED, a STOCKMAN, with a good knowledge of Young Horses, Cows, and Pigs (and to Kill P.irkers if required). Wife to attend Poultry. — J. MILLER, Estate Office, Kuxley Lodge, Esher. Surrey. WANT PLACES. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscriliers, and Others. — It is very important in Remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at DRURY LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may Jail from negotiating it. N.B. — The best andsojcst means of Remittine' is by POST-OFFICE ORDER. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications frcm Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. C O T C H GARDENERS. —John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Piinces Street, Edin- bureh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH G--\RIJENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging from ^50 to .£100 per annum, and he will be pleased to supply full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust- worthy and competent Gardener. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs, Carter. — Enquiries should be made to 237 and 23S, High Holborn, W.C. NOTICE,— The undersigned, having several years' experience as a Planter m the Cultivation of all Tropical Producis, is prepared to visit and Report on Forest Land, Cultivated Esutcs, &c , in any of the British Colonies. Can also devote some attention as a Plant Colleclor. — J. ALEXANDER, Uda Pusalawa, Ceylon. RCHID "grower and GARDENER.— William Kiud, Orchid Grower to Dr. Pater son. Fern- hill, Bridge of Allan, will be happy to engage to any Lady or Gentleman retiuiring the services of a practical Orchid Grower and Gardener. First-rate Planlsman, well up in all branches of t he trade. Sixteen years' experience in leadint; places, Higliest references from present and past employers. Strictly sober. — Address as above. January 17, iSS;.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 99 GARDENER (HEAD).~Married ; thoroughly experienced. Fruit, Vegetables, Plar.ts. and Orchid Grower. Six years' hiphest recoimnendation from last situa- tion.— A. L., Goldsmith Park, Groombridge. Tuubridse Wells. GARDENER (Head).— Age 42 ; thoroughly pr.ictical in all branches. Land and Siock. Wife Cook and firsc-class Dairywonnu. Girl and school boy. Three yeari' undeniable ch.iracter. — H. DOWNS, Park House, Box'ey, Maidstone, Kent, GARDENER (Head). —A Gentleman wishes to ricommcnd his Head Gaideuer. Twelve years* char.icter. Leaving through reduction in eslablishment, Tr.orounhly understands Vines, Mowers, Carpet Bedding, &c. —Rev. W. BECHEK, Hill House, Southwell, Notts. GARDENER (Hf.ad) ; ageag.— Mr. Gilman, Gardener to the Earl of Shrewsbury and Talbot, Ingestre, Stafford, can wiih confidence recommend his principal Foreman, K. Gregg, to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman renuiring a good practical Gardener. — Address as above. /':jXrDENER (Head); age 29.— Mr. D. C. V--^ Powell wiU be pleased to recommend his Foreman to any Lady or Gentleman requiiing ths services of a ihoroughly Irustworihy and energetic mm. Thirteen years* experience in large establishment. — The Gardens. Powderham Casile, Exeter. GARDENER (He.\d).— Age 31, shigle ; has a thorough "knowledge of Fruit Growing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen and f bwer Gardening.— Address, wiih particulirs, to B. ALLMOND, The Gardens, South Waruboro' Lodge, Winchfield. GARDENER CHe.\d).— Age 2>^, married, no family ; thoroughly practical in every branch ol the pro- fession, also Laud and Stock, and a good Manager of Men. Twenty-two years' experience. — HORIUS, H. NotmaPj Fair- warp, Uckfield, Sussex. GARDENER (He.\D).— NEIL SINCLAIR, Gardener to the Marchuiness of Dowoshire, Easthamp- stead Park, Wokingham. Berks, will be pleased to recommend his Fcrem.iu, H. Huwell, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly practical man in all branches of the profession. Total abstainer. GARDENER (Head).— W. M. Geddes, Steward to Lady Byron, can with every confidence recommend a Head Gardener of tested sbiiiiy. One who has filled a head ;.'Uce with great credit to himselt and satisfaction to his employers. — Particulars on application to Thrumpton, Derby. GARDENER, Second Worker preferred, small Siniile-handed not objected to. Good references from Rivers & Snns. also fri m present employers. — T. COO I'E, Elsdon & Co., The Vineries, Milton, Cambs. GARDENER (Single-h.anded).— Under- Stands Glass and i he real routine of Gardening. Seven years' eood character.— N. B,, 9, Princess Mews, Hereford Road, Bayswater, London, W. GARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married ; thoroughly expetien(ed in the Management of Glass- houses, also in Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Has been a successful exhibitor. Eight years in present situation ; leaving on account of death of late employer. — Mr, G. FISHER, Gardener, Glanbrydaw Park, Manoideilo, Carmaiiheoshire. GARDENER (He.ad).— Mr. Hardwick, of HoUanden, Tonbridge. wishes to highly recommend his Head Girdener (G. Goldsmith), who has lived with him eight years, and six years with previous piopiietor. Leaving oa account of family moving to town. — For particulars apply to P. C. HARDWICK, Esq., address as above. GARDENER (Head) ; age 28. — Mr. BoDDEY. Gardener to the Right Hon. Viscount Boyne, Butwarton Hall, Bridgnorth, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman (J. Leesel to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly competent and trustwoiihy man. Four- teen years' experience in good establishments.— Address as above. GARDENER (Head Working).— Eight years in last situation. Highly recommended.— B L., Gardeiurs' Chronicle Ofiice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head Workumg).— Married, no children ; thoroughly understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhoui^e Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character from last employer. — W. BIST, Balmont House, Antrobus Road, Acton Green, Chiswick, W. r:j.ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40 ; V-^ experienced in Vineries, Stove and Greenhouse, Kitchen and Flower Gardening, &c. Eight years' references. Wife can take Dairy. — C. L, Garaeiiers Chronicle OfEce, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. ARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept. — Age 27 ; thoroughly experienced in Early and Late Forcing, Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Nine years' good character.- E. VARNEY, Stowe Gardens. Buckingham. GARDENER (Head Working), where more are kept, — 1 horoughly experienced in Early and Late Forcing of Fruits, Cut Floweis, gtcve and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and|Kitchen Gardening. Highly recommended. — A., 23, Salisbury Road, Upper Hoiloway, N, GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32, married : under^unds Early and Late Forcing, also Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Eight years' good character. — S. R., 89, Stoke Newington Road, N. rj.ARDENER (Head WoRKiNG).~Married, ^' no incumbrance ; abs'ainer, Thoroughly ptaciical in all branches both In and Out-of-doors, Early and Late Forcing. Four and a half years' excellent refereuces from late employer, thirteen years in previous situation. — G. L,, 15, Woodford Road, Watford. Herts. GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 28.— George_ Shanning, Gardener to Culonel Loyd, Lillesden, Hawkhurst, Kent, would be pleased to recommend to any Lady or Gentleman a thoroughly trustworthy man. Has been principal Foreman in the gardens here two years. Can also be highly recommended by Mr. Norman, Gardener, Halfield House. Has had experience in soraeof the principal gardens in England. —Address as above. /IJ.ARDENER (Single-handed, or other- V^ wise),— Age^ 32. single; Melons. Cucumbers, Vines. Greenhouse. &c,. Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Two years' good reference, five in previous. — H WILLl.WIS, 55, Upper Park Road, Hampstead, London, N.W. /^ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEY- V_J Man in the Houses, in a good e-itablihhment.^.^ge 2t ; good character. Bjthy preferred— ."V. WRIGHT, The Gardens, West Harhng HaP, Thettord, Norfolk. C:j.ARDENER (Under).— Age 20; good X character and references.— J. BROWN, 47, Elgin Terrace, Maida Vale, W. ARDENER (Under).— Age 37, single ; Steady, respectable ; understands Cows ; can use a Scythe. Good character.— W. M., 54. London Road, Twickcnhjin. GARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; five years' exoertence Inside and Out. Good character. — F. JONES, The Elms. Grays. Essex. GARDENER (Under), or IMPROVER.— Age 20; six years' expericLce, four of whirh with a well known collection of Orchids lately sold.— E. WHEELER, i?, Conduit Street, Upper Clapton, N. Pleasure ground or kitchen -L GAKDKNER : age 23 —Mr. Clakke, Head Gardener, Cannon Hall, Barnsley, York?, can confidently recommend a young man as above. Seven years' experience. Three years' good cha.acter.— G. NEWBY, Shadwell, Thetford, Norfolk. GROOM and GARDENER. — Age 25, single ; thoroughly understands his work. Good i.haracier. — Please >.tate all particular j to Mr. F. OFrWAY, 3, Western Lane, Nightingale Lane, Clapham Ccmmon, S. W. FORE uTa N . — William Arthur, having been two ye.irs in the Houses, The Garden?, Hamblechff. under a Foreman, seeks an engagement as above. — Address, East Tytherley, Romsey, Hants. FOREMAN ; age 25.— W. Kemp, Gardener, Doveiidge Hall, Derby, can highly recommend J, Voss in a good establishment. Has been in present situation three years. Disengaged when suited. — W. KKMP, as above. FOREMAN ; age 24.— Mr. Fossey, Gar- dener to C, E. Goodhart. Esq , Langley Park, Becken- ham. can with confidence recommend his Foreman to any Gardener wanting a thorough practical energetic man. F( 'OREMAN ; age 27.— Mr. Rann, Hand- J- cross Park, Crawley, can highly recommend a man as above, who has been with him three and a half years. Further particulars on application. FOREMAN.— Age 25 ; understands Early and Late Forcing and Genera! Routine of Gardening. Three years Second Gardener to the Earl of Sandwich, Hinch- ingbrook, Hunts. Can be well recommended,— JOSEPH ROBINSON, Cliveden, Maidenhead, Berks. FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26 ; twelve years' experience in all branches of the profession in Urge establishments. Can be well recommended from present and previous empbyers. Bothy preferred.— T. W.,234, High Streeti Waiford. Herts. I^^OREMAN, in a good establishment.— Has had long experience in firjt-class establish nents. Under- stands Early and Late Forcine, and general routine of a large Garden. Highly recommended from present and previous places.— J. TOY, Enville, near Stourbridge, Staffordshire. FOREMAN.— Mr. G. Adbey, Paxton Park, Sr. Neots, can with coLfidence recommend his late P'ore- m.an, F, Hanson, to any Gardener. Good practical experience in all branches including Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Pines, Vines. Peaches, Melms, Cucumbers, House and Table Decora- tion. &c.— Apply wiih lull particulars to F. HANSON, Nun- thorpe, R.S.O., Yoiks. FOREMAN (Kitchen Garden, or other- wise).-Age 25 ; eight years* general experience in large establishments— Nursery and P(ivate. Excellent character.— GARDENER, B. S. Davies, Ecokseller, High Road, Upper Edmonton. FOREMAN (Indoor).— Thoroughly prac- tical man, skilful Propagator, and successful Grower of first-class Nursery Stock in large quantities. Unexceptionable re'e-etices from leading London, Provincial, and Scotch firms. —JOHN GODFREY, Mc-srs. Ireland & Thomson, Golden Acre Nurseries, Edinburgh. T^OREMAN, or PROPAGATOR.— Age ^o ; -A- fifteen years' practical experience in good firms; Hard and Soft-wooded, including Roses, Clematis. Conifers. &c. Good character.— T. F., Langton Villa, Sunninghill, near Ascot. T^OREMAN, or good SECOND, in a good -*- private establishment, in the Houses preferred —Age 25 ; willing to Assi^t Outside if required. Can be highly recom- mended.—W. RICHARDSON, Verandah Cottage, Malvern Wells. Tj^OREMAN GROWER or PROPAGATOR J- of Choice Fruit, Tomatos, Strawberries, Grapes, and Cucumbers, also Roses, Ferns, and FloweriDK Plants for Market.— H. W., (32, Starch Gieeu Road, Shepherds Bush, LondoD, W. To Nurserymen. "PROPAGATOR (Assistant).— Age 17 ; two -■- years in Propagating Department. Can do Grafting. Good references.— C. %., 4, Stoneyard Place, Lee, S.E. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 31, mirrietl; fifteen years' experience. Well up in Propa- gating and Growing all kinds of Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Can be well recommended.— Mr. POWER, Floiist, Madeline Road, Anerley, S E. JOURNEYMAN (FiRSTj, in a good estab- ^' libhment (Fiuit Department pre(eired). -Age si; four years' good practical experience in present, and four in previous pLices. Character, &c., will bear strict inquiry. — A. B., The Gaideii«, Ewell Castle, Ewell, Surrey. rOUilNEYMAN^lrrthe Houses.— Age 23 ; ^ well recommended ; two and a half years in last place.— Apply, with particulars, to A' Z., Ashton, near Oundle, Northumberland. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good establishment. — Age 22 ; has a good knowledge of Plant and Fruit Growing under Glass. Highly recommended. Bothy preferred. — J. H., Gardenen' Chronicle Ofhce, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. JOURNEYMAN, in Houses in good estab- tJ lishmeiit — Age 24 ; good references. Seven years practice, three years in present situation. — R. WADHAM, Kousham Park Gardens, Oxon. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22 ; tJ six years' experience. Can be well recommended from present employer. Bothy preferred. — J. T. , The Gardens, Moreton. Bideford, Devon. TMPROVER, or UNDER GARDENER, in -i- aGenileman's establishment.— Age 18: good references. — F. ETHEKIDGE, 4, St. Luke's Ttriace, Cheltenham. TO N U RS ERYMENy^^rst-class^General Hand (age 25) wants re-engagement in a goad Nursery ; ten years' London and Provincial experunce; highest refer- ences. &c.— S. BATSON, Muswtll Hill, Hoinsey, London. N. TO NURSERYMEN. -A young man (age 19) seeks situation ; thoroughly understands Budding, Grafting, Lajeriog. Willing to make himself generally useful. Outdoors. — A. B. C, The Nurseries, Waiminiter, Wilts. WANTE~D,l)y"a'~fRAbESMAN'S SON, a situation in the Houses (Nursery or Private Place). — Age rg. Five years' experience in general routine. — W. T. JaMLS, Baifield Nurseries, Ryde, Isle of Wight. Seed Trade. MANAGER, FIRST SHOPMAN, or TRAVELLER. — Twenty years' practical experience in first-class London Houses, and well known throuj-h the Pro- vinces. Unexceptionable references. — G. B., Gardeners Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. QHOPMAN, or TRAVELLER^Age 26 ; ^^ eleven years' experience in all branches of the business. Uncxcepl tenable reference;. —.J. J., 7, The Groves, Chester. SHOPMAN.— Age 29 ; well up in all branches of the trade. Many years' expeiience. First-class refer- ences.—A. H. HOLM AN, 37, Berwick Street, S.W. To the Seed Trade. SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 21 ; five years' experience. Highest references. — H. FOLL, Kingsley Park, Northampton. Seed Trade. SHOPMAN (Assistant).— First-class Whole- sale experience- Well up in Agricultural Seeds, &c. — P. W. L.. Gardenen' Chronicle Office, x\, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. ASSISTANT in a SEED SHOP or Seed Warehouse — Age 21 ; has had four years' exoeiience in the Seed Trade.— G. P., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. EP PS' S CO COAr BREAKFAST. " By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli- cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps has provided our breakfast tables with a delicately flavoured beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies a'e floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point. We may escape many a fatal shalt by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Service Gazelle. Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only In Packets, labelled thus ; — JAMES EPPS & CO., Homceopatlilc Chemists, Londoa. Cure of Cough and Inflamed Lungs by DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS. Extract of letter ffom Mr. Lbith, Harbour Master^ Scrabster, Thurso, December 8. 1884.— " The two first boxes I got gave me immediate and great relief. I have had a cough forever two years, brought on by repeated attacks of inflam- mation of the lungs, " They instantly relieve and rapidly cure Asihma, Consumption. Bronchitis, Coughs, Colds, Shortness of Breath, Plegm, Pains in the Chest, Rheumatism, and taste plea- santly. Sold at IJ-. i^Ad. and 3.r. 9^. per Box. of all Druggists. OLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS". — In all outward complaints a desperate effort should be msde to at orice remove these annoying infirmities, and of estab- lishing a cure. The remaikable remedies discovered by Pro- fessor Hoiloway wdl satisfactorily accomp ish ihis desirable result, without any of those dangers or drawbacks which attend the old method of treating ulcerative inflammations, scrofulous affections, and scorbutic annoyances. The m-^st timid invalids may use both the Ointment and Pills with the utmost safety with certain success, provided a moderats attention be bestowed on their acccmpanying " Directions." Both the preparations soothe, heal, and purify. The one assists the other most materially in effecting cures and renewing strength by helping exhausted Nature jtist when she needs such succour. lOO THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. January 17, 1885. PETER LAVv^SON & SON (LIMITED), SEED MERCHANTS AND GROWERS, EDINBURGH, T^ ESPECT FULLY- inform their Friends and Customers that they have now -■-^ COMPLETED THE PURCHASE from "THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY," Limited, of the OLD-ESTABLISHED SEED BUSINESS, carried on since the year Seventeen Hundred and Seventy, including the Entire Seed Stocks, Valuable Existing Contracts, Lease of the Premises here and Goodwill, and they are now carrying on the same in all the Departments as heretofore. PETER LAWSON AND SON have been authorised by THE LAWSON COMPANY to Collect all Debts due to them, also to Dispose of the Produce of the said Company's Nurseries still being carried on. The most valuable of the old cmployds still remain, and are largely interested in the concern. Undivided attention will henceforth be devoted to the Seed Department, therefore Customers may depend upon all Orders being executed in the best possible manner, whether in regard to Price, Quality, or Prompt Despatch. If not already received, the TRADE PRICE CURRENT ior the season will be posted upon application. N.B. — Prospectuses of Peter Lawson & Son, Limited, may be had at the Registered Office of the Company, i, George IV. Bridge; or of Messrs. T. and W. J. McLAREN, W.S. ; the Company's Solicitors, 51, Frederick Street, Edinburgh; and SAMUEL McDOWALL, Esq., 31, Nicholas Lane, Lombard Street, London, E.C. — Edinburgh, yaniiaiy, 1885. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD. NEW PEA— SHARPE' S TRIUMPH— Sealed ^-pint Packets, 2s. 6d. each, post-free. Triumph habit is dense is the best of and bushy the many fine varieties we have bcjit uut. It is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow, of exquisite flavour ; the pods are large, well filled with large Peas. The height 2 to 3 feet, In constitution it is robust and liardy ; and is the perfection of Peas either for exhibition or for ordinary use. Sixty-nine pods have been counted on one plant of Triumph — each pod containing nine to eleven large Peas. A New Edition. Fcap. Cloth, Price *js, MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE MANAGEMENT AND ADORNMENT OF GARDENS OF EVERY SIZE. London : BRADBURY, AQNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street. E.C. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to " 1 he Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnrw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Palish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, January 17, 1885. Agent for Manchester— John Hbvwood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J, Mbnzibs oc Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. CstaljUsijetJ 1841. No. 578.— Vol. XXIII.{s^Hms.} SATURDAY, JANUARY 24. 1885. { Registered at the General \ Price 5d. Post-office as a Newspaper. fPoST-FREE, 5^^. CONTENTS. Amateur dealers .. Ampelopsis yempervirens Apple and Pear Exhibi> tion, Exeter .. Apples, 1 eiccstershire . . Apple Congress, the re- port ol ,, Golden Spire Asplenium germantcum . Bjrkeria elegans BirdS-De^t O.chis, the .. Books Brussels Sprouts Cap« Heaths Catileva dulosa . . ,, Tiiana CtuUfljwer, Veitch'sEarly Forcing Cedars, acclimatiyed Chrysanlhe mil ms Commelina ca'lesiis Cucumber growing Effects of the past dry autumn Ensilige Epipactis ovatis .. ,. palustris Eucharts amazon ica Florists' flo*ers . . Flowers in stained glass Fruits under glass Fungus in LiLium aura- turn Goo::ebenies, late, on espaliers .. Grape, Foster's Seedling as >tock GrapeF, method ot keep- ing cut Hardy perennials, root- propagation of . . Helleoores at Brockhurst Horticultural Club House of Grapes in Janu- ary Jardin des Plantes Jeypore, a ttip to Kitchen garden, the Lapagerias in the open air Law Note : Robertson versus Ralston Market gardening M ■»^sachusetts Horticul- tural Society .. Medlar, fasciated National Chrysanthemum Society, the Obituary .. Odontoglossum viminalc Orchids at Mr. Bonny's ,. at Messrs. Low's .. Pinuspatula Plant names Plants and their culture Potato sets, selecting . . Potaios. protecting ,, the scleroiium dis- ease of . . Protoplasm, continuity of Regel, Dr., on the culti- vation of plants Royal Horticultural So- ciety Senecio elegans .. Society :— Edinburgh Botanical . Victoria regia, age of the Weather, the |. . ILLUSTRATIONS. Medlars, Deformed 113 Pinuspatula: Section of Leaf .. .. 108 ,, ,, Branch and Cones log ,, ,, a Specimen of . . . . .. .. ..117 Camellias. Woody Excrescences on 125 T Now Ready. In cloth, IBs 'N£ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Volume XXII., JULY 10 DECEMBER, 1884. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. BOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, South Kensington, S.W. The ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Royal Horticultural Society, will be held in the Conservatory, at South Kensington, on TUESDAY, February lo, to receive the Reptort of the Council and of the Auditors, and for the Election of Members of Council, Officers, and Auditors, and for the Removal from the Society of certain Fellows, under the pro- visions of Bye-law 22. Chair to be taken at -3, o'CIock, p.m. N. B.— At this Meeting Candidates for Fellowship will be Elected. GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. RICHARD HAWKINS, who was last week elected a Pensioner of the G. R.B.I. , returns his sioceie thanks to all who Voted in his behalf, and thus helped to secure his election. Malvern, January 20, 18S5 rriHE ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY -L having AWARDED their MEDAL to J. W.HUFFMAN, for a BOX to CONVEY CHOICE FLOWERS, SPRAYS, or CUITINGS by POST, the PATENT RIGHT to produce the siine can be DISPOSED OF on Moderate Terms. Apply to the Inventor, 54. Junction Road, London, N. ULBS for SPRING PLANTING, of all soits. JAPANESE MAPLES, JAPANESE LILIES, choice Seed^ of our own saving ; choice New Zealand Seeds: NEW MAGNOLIAS, ZAMIAS from the Cape, North American Haidy Plants; CALOCHORTI, FREESIAS, GLADIOLI, &c. See our Spring LIST, No. 72. just issued. NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY. Colchester. ILLIAM FLETCHER has a quantity of Maiden PEACHES. NECTARINES, APRICOTS. APPLES. PLUMS, and PEARS, also Trained APRICOTS and PEARS. Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey. For Sale. RHUBARB SETS, of a Selected Growth. K. BATH, Wansuot Farm, Crayford. To the Trade. VINES. — VI NES. — VINES. STRONG PLANTING CANES, jr. each. EXTRA SIRONG FRUITING CANES, 51. each. Well ripened and short-j .inted. CALDWELL and SONS, The Nuiseties, Knutstord, Cheshire. R. McLEAN PEAS.— Forty Bushels for sale, grown in Lincolnshire. Price 60J. per quarter, Imperial measure. Sample on application. JOHN ETHERINGTON DIXON, 21 and 23, Lord Street, Gainsborough. ERRATUM.— In W. TAYLER'S Advertisement in last Saturday's Gardeners' Chronicle (see pige 70), for APPLES, Dwarf Maidens, 7J. per dozen, read 6s. per dozen W. TAYLER, Usborn Nurseiy, Hampton. Middlesex. Ezplxatlon of Lease. SEVEN ACRES of NURSERY, containing a VALUABLE STOCK, continues to be oflTered at a nominal price. The lease cannot be reoewed. See CHARLES NOBLE'S full Advertisement, Gardtners' Chronicle, January 17 and 31. KHODODENDRON PONTICUM.— For sale, at reasonable p ices, many lhous.tnds of fine healihy plants, bushy and well rooted ; two years transplanted. Trade supplied on liberal term*. For pi ices and further particulars apply to H. CROSS, VVoodcote, Newport. Salop^ Trade List of Home-grown Seeds. CHARLES SHARPE and CO.'S Whole- sale CATALOGUE of Seeds is nowready, and Mill be forwarded, post-free, on application. CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Seed Merchants and GtOAcrs, Sleaford. C^ HESTNUT (Spanish), Larch, Hazel, Ash, Birch, Willow, Oak, and Thorn Quick. Stout, well- rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold. GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst. HyaclnthuB candlcans. BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers, Hillegom, near Haailem, Holland, offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 50J. per 1000. ROSES.— The finest Show and Decorative varieties, strong:, robust, hardily grown plants. Dwarfs, from 6i. per dozen, 45J. per 100 and upwards. Standards, from lai. per dozen, 9or. per 100 and upwards. Many thousands to select from. JAMES DICKSON & SONS, " Newton" Nurseries. Chester. EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Orders are now being booked for the New Varieties of i884atioJ. per doz. ; Cuttings, 1883 Varieties. 4J. perdoz. ; best Old Varieties, 15. Bd per doz. , my selection. Post-free for P. O. CATALOGUE one stamp — R. OWEN. Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead. Grape Vines. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand stock ol Grape Vines, suitable for Fruiting in Pots and Planting in Vineries. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade supplied. The Vineyard and Nurseries. Garston. Liverpool. Garde a Flower Seeds, and Spring Bulbs. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., BuLB • Grower and Seedsman, Haarlem, HotUnd, begs to announce that hii CATALOGUE of the above b now reaJy, and may be had Free on application to Messrs. B. SILBERRAD and SON, 25. Savage Gardens, London, E.G. ISE AND RIDES, Govern Garden, W.C, begtoinform Senders that GARDENIAS, EUCHARIS, and STEPHANOTIS are in demand. WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C., have nowa demand for Tuberoses, Arum Lilies, White Bouvardias, good Roses, Chrysanthemums, &c. STOLEN.— A number of ADDRESSED COPIES of CARTERS' CATALOGUE of GARDEN SEEDS for 1885 having been STOLEN from their Warehouse, Messrs. Carter & Co. respectfully ask those Customers who have not received I he book to communicate lo them, in order that a fresh copy may be posled. JAMES CARTERand CO., Seedsmen, by Royal Warrant, to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, 237 and 238, High Hoiborn, London, W.C. Manettl Stocks.— Manettl Stocks. TEN THOUSAND MANETTI STOCKS, Strong and well-rooted stuff, \?>s. per icoo. C. ALLEN. Stone Hill Nursery, Heigham, Norwich. St1^^n"g^ MANETTI STOCKS, fit for immediate working, at unusually low prices ; &c. A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK, Dedemsvaart, by Zwolle, Holland. ARCH. — LARCH.— LARCH.— Special cheap offer, to clear ground. From 3 feet upwards at very low prices : also other FOREST TREES GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst. HERBXcEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.— Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make your choice from his unrivalled Collection. Chad Valley Nurseries. Edgbaston, Birmingham. ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS. —New Descriptive CATALOGUE, No. 296, post-free on application. JAMES DICKSON & SONS. '■ Newton" Nurseries. ChesteK H^RDY GROWN FOREST TREES from the North of Scotland. A large stock of seedling and transplanted Forest Trees, &c, cheap. Write for quota- lions and samples. W. P. LAIKD AND SINCLAIR, Nurserymen, Dundee. N.B. Tfis. Roses THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grard stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully ripened, and are ready to start immediately into growth, CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied. f^ LADIOLI.— Twenty Acres. The largest yy collection in Europe. CATALOGUES free, wilh Cultural Directions. KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset, OVELTIESand SPECIALTI ES for 1885, in Flower and Vegetable Seeds. See BARR and SON'S Descriptive Spring C.'VTALOjUE, just published. Free on application. BARR AND tON, 12 and 13, King Strtet, Covent Garden, W.C. GENUINE SEEDS.— General CATA- LOGUE of Kitchen Garden, Flower, and Agricultural Seeds, Plants, Roses, Vines. &c.. Implements, Garden Requi- sites, &c., is now ready. Free to Customers. LAING AND CO.. Sianstead Park, Forest Hill. S.E. RAPE VINES, Strong Fruiting and Plant- ing Canes; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey. WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of To- matos, Cucumbers, Gros Colmar, Alicante, and Muscat Grapes. QU E LC H AND B A RN H AM, Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C. REQUIRE a quantity of fine Muscats, for which they can cffer good prices, also fine Black Grapes, Tomatos. Cucumbers, choice Flowers., &c. QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M, giving personal attention to all consignments, they are thus enabled to obuin the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M. ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and CHEQUES forwarded weekly. BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES. BASKETS and LABELS supplied. Cut Flowers-Cut Flowers and Ferns. WANTED, above of all sorts, suitable for Wreaths, Bouqutts &c, in quantity Good prices, prompt settlements— WM. CLI BRAN and SON , Floral Decorators, 12, Market Street, Manchester, and Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham. EngliEh Oaks. WANTED, well-grown Plants, 8 to lo feet high, in good coi dition for transplanting. Send particulars to BARR AND SON, t2, Kirg Street, Covent Garden, W.C. ANTED, strong Canes of FASTOLF RASPBERRY. Lowest cash price. JOHN DOWNIE, Seedsman, 14«. Princes Street, Edinburah. Lily wmte Seakale. WANTED, large Roots, already made, or suitable to m;', Cuttings for April planting. Sample and price to ''*• G. H. RICHARDS, Somerly Gardens, Ringwood, Hants. s AGE PLANTS, i.r. 6d. per dozen. R. BATH, Cravfoid. Kent Order of Jotinston's St. martin's Rhubarb. EARLIEST and BEST in CULTIVATION. Strong Roots, is. each, gr. per dozen. Trade price on application. W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Nurserymen, Dundee. N.B. L OVEL'S STRAWBERRY PLANTS.- GREENHOUSE, 5.. per no, 40s. per looo. GARDEN. 21. bd ptr too, aoj. per icoo. Sample and Pamphlet, posi-f^tee, ^d. W. LOVELand SON. Strawberry Growers, Driffield. s EAKALE and ASPARAGUS. Crowns for Forcing. Apply lo WILLIAM BAGLEY, MilUhn Farm, Fulham, S.W. AULIFLOWER PLANTS, Autumn-Sown, strong, ar. td. no. i8r. izoo. CABBAGE PLANTS, HERB?, LETTUCE, &c., PLANTS, cheap, carriage paid. LIST free of EDWARD LEIGH, Ivy House, Cranleigh, Surrey. Special Trade Offer ! ! SEED POTATOS.— For disposal, a few Tons of the following vaiieties. all true selected stocks, and hand-picked samoies :— Fidlfr's Improved Ashieaf, at j£6 ; White Elephant, at /^S 1C5. ; Beauty of Hebron, at ;C6 ; Reading Russet, at ,£4 loj. ; Myatl's Ashieaf, at £,s P«f ton. free on rails. In quantities of not less than one ton. Full particulars from C. FIDLER. Potato Grower, &c.. Reading. To tbe Trade SEED POTATOS HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced • LIST of SEED POTATOS is now ready, and can be had on application. It comprises the best kinds in cultiva- tion, and the prices are very reasonable. Seed Growing EstabUshmeni, Wisbech- 102 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 24. 1S85. SALES BY AUCTION. Monday Next.-(Sa]e No. 6827.) 5000 LILIUM AURATUM from Japan, in fine condilion : 9000 Berlin LILY of the VALLEY crowns, looo MILLA BIFLORA, 1000 first-class LILIES, jcod TUBEROSES from Genoa and South Africa, icoo TIGRIDIAS, and several thousand miscellaneous BULBS and ROOTS. TV/fR- J- e. STEVENS will SELL the above O-T-L by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, Kine Street, Covent Garden. W.C. on MONDAY NEXT, January j6, ai half past 12 o'clock precisely. Onview morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6829 ) HARDY PLANTS and BULBS in variety l\/fR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by 7: AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, Janu' ary aS, at halfpast 12 o'clock precisely, first-class Standard ""j ?.T'//.^°^'^^' FRUIT TREES in quantity, SHRUBS jpd CLIMBERS, BORDER PLANTS, LILIES, GLA- DIOLI, and a variety of other HARDY BULBS and ROOTS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next -(Sale No. 6S30.) IMPORTED ORCHIDS, and 5000 PEARL TUBEROSES. IVfR- J. C. STEVENS will SELL by r •1^^^'P*^' ^' ""'^ '^'^^ Rooms, 38, Kine Street, 5;°^!?'; 7^., by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURSDAY KtJi.1, January 29. at half-pnst 12 o'Clock precisely, grand !?;?^','^^«;,°.',9^'^'°'U'^ MACRANTHUM and ODON- iit.« - ^M™ HALLI, a very superb new ODONTOGLOS- no,?u',",^c''-'= "=»■ °f POLVXANTHUM, and many fine UKt,HlUb just to hand in splendid condition : also a consisn- mentofsoto PEARL TUBEROSES from America. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next.-Orchlda In Flower. IVTESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS 7 A ^'''Vl^^'^}^ AUCTION, at their Cenlril Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.. on TUESDAY NEXT, January 27 at naJl-past 12 o Clock precisely, ORCHIDS IN FLOWER Irom various well known Collections, including several very fine orras of Odontoglossum Rossii majus and Lajlia anceps. Cat- tieya Warscewiczi delicata (true). Ani;ra:cum sesqoipedale, grand specimen, Odontoglossum Alexandra, many beautiful varieties, Dendrobium Ainswonhi, Odontoglossum Halli. grand white l.p variety: Cypripedium calophyllum, new hybrid; hybrid Udontoglossums, and others. 0° view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next— Wood Green, N. M UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE. ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS V • ''»!■ 5^^^, '"' AUCTION, on the Premises, The „S^'.5^' ,^'S'"'°Sa'= Road, Wood Green, N., on TUESDAY, WtXI, January 27, at 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of the Koprietor, who is retiring from the business, the whole of ihe well-grown stock of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS including 10,000 Adiantum cuneatum, in various sized pots'; 1000 Chiysanthemums of sorts, Lomarias, Gardenias, EucharU. vJw'° Stephanotis,&c ; 1000 BOXES, coveredspring Market VAN, and other effects. May be viewed Caulogues had on the Premises, or of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. N.B.— The valuable FREEHOLD NURSERY FORSALE. Comprises an Acre of Land, Five GREENHOUSES, all Heated SHEDS and DWELLING-HOUSE. Price and particulars of the Auctioneers. Wednesday Next. Mx-yj;U''^ AURATUM, ROSES, and BULBS. ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS <;, ,„J *i» ^^l'^ by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT fi^^b'Tt 'A' r'V^;';??." ."?.?,'*^''"='' P'^cissly. -".o"" unusually fine bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM (including 2000 gigantic bulbs, measurmg to to 13 inches in circumference), just received !^o"i4-',??r.'V!;'"'"' '^'"■dition : a consignment of 500 PAN- CRATIUM CARIB>EUM and AMARYLLIS GRANDIS TnR^'pBnSrc "°"> ■*": West Indies: 20X, Double African lUBfcKObtS, 400 Standard and other ROSES of the best natned varieties, from an English Nursery ; 2000 Berlin Crowns ^(^^v^ 4\,''k%Ik\-}-^y • CARNATIONS, CHRISTMAS ?f HfrH'„T n°,1'^°''V'^- TUBEROSUM ; a choice selection 01 Hardy LILIEb, including extraordinary bulbs of L. gigan- Rl"TT'n^'r''l'''T.'„"!,'li'.- Humboldti; and an assortmem of BULBS for the GARDEN and GREENHOUSE. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next.-LUlum auratum. IVTESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS Xt.-^X'i}^^^'^ ''>' AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, VxT^R}*^fP^^ NEXT, 10,0:0 exceedingly fine bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, including 2C03 gigantic roots measur- ing 10 to 13 inches in circumference. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. NANODES MEDUSA. M ODONTOGLOSSUM POLVXANTHUM. ESSRS, PROTHEROE and MORRIS TiriKT »■"= .'".structed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC- ^oi^V,, .',Si',';'"' Sale Rooms, 67 and 78, Cheapside, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, January 30. at half-past 12 o'CloiSk pre^ Mrr.'Tii'i;-^''"'''''' importation yet received of NANODES Sif;. D,?r'„''J'ix'?,' ""= "■"' magnificent ODONTOGLOS- IVtm ^^it^^.^^^ """■ pesCatorea KLABOCHO- RUM, ODONTOGLOSSUMS, CATTLEYAS, &c., in the finest order. On view morning of S.ate, and Catalogues had. The Remaining Portion of tUe Fallowfleld M COLLECTION of ORCHIDS. ESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION ^Vii?c'r,.^'"'i.^v''= ''""ms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on lUi!.SUAy. February 1. the remaininir nortion of li,^ FALLOWFIELD Ct^LL^ECTfoN"? "olcHIDS? co'ntaii- ujg, among other fine things, a grand plant of Cattleya Triana: alba, in bud or flower ; splendid specimen plant of Cypripedium euryandiim, C mierax, and C. Crossianura ; a grand plant, in bud, of Angracum sesquipedale, Masdevallia (Bull's blood). Lcelogyne Massai.geana, Masdevallia Veitchii grandiflora, .:,■ . ."'"D'ana. &c. ; many rare Odontoglossums, Vandas, A(fndes. &c On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. WANTED TO RENT, several GREEN- HOUSES, with a little Land, near a Manufacturing Town preferred. ParticuUirs to C. C, GarJemrs' ChymiitU OfSce, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. WANTED, TO RENT on LEASE, a few GREENHOUSES, heated with Hot Water, with Ground attached ; also Dwelling-house, about 10 miles from Covent Garden. Address FLORIST. Gardners' ChrenicU Office, 4t, WeUington Street, Strand, W.C. TO BE DISPOSED OF, a First-class FLORIST, SEED, and JOBBING BUSINESS, in a main thoroughfare, about 7 miles from London. All in good working order. Address L., Nurseryman, Gardener^ Chronicle ORce, T. feathered, 50J., 60s. 100. Rhubarb, Cdampagne, high coloured, early, 6s. doz. Roses, dwarf budded, 30s. 100 ; dwarf H.P. on own roots, 257. 100. Seakale, planting, 50J. looo. Vines, planting, 30J. doz.; fruitinR, 60s., 72s. doz.- Clapton Nursery. London, E. trUGH LOW AND CO. offer the Trade -'"^ Acacia armaU, splendidly budded, 9'., uj. doz. Areca lutCfcens, "48" pots, i8j. doz. A. rubra, i ft., io.r. loo, Adian- tum cuneatum, 48-pots, 60s., 75s. loa. A. gracillima, 32-pots, 12J. doz. Azalea indica, well budded, 12s., 15s., 18s., s^s., Zos. doz. Azalea, white, in flower and bud, 12s, tSs. doz! Camellias, well budded 21s , 24s , 301. doz. Carnations, Tree, n bud and flower, i2j., 15J. doz. Cyclamens, in flower and bud, S'^^-i75-f-. looj. 100. Erica barbata major in flower, 12s. doz. E gracilis, in flower, gs., i&s. doz. E. hyemalis in 48- pots, in flower, 60s. 100. E. melanthera. splendidly budded, I2S,, j8s., 24s. doz. Euonymus, golden, for pots, 30s., 40s,, 50J. '^1 ^'^^^s^^'^^itica. 185., 2IJ-., 24J. doz. Gardenia intermedia, well budded, backward. i8j., 24^. doz. G. radicans. well budded, backward, (^s , 12s. doz, Genisus, finely budded. 8s., 10s., 12s. doz. Grevillea robusta, 48-pots, 50s., 75J. 100. Humea elegans, 9J., 121., i8s. doz. Jasminum gracillimum, finely budded, 18s. doz. i^uruslinus, French white, splendidly budded, i2j., i8j-., 42s. doz. Pelargoniums, zonals, unnamed, in bud, 30J. 100. Ptychosperma Aiexandrae, strong, 12J., iSs. doz.— Clapton Nursery, London, E. FTo the Trade Only. ERNS — FERNS — FERNS. —Adiantum cuneatum, A. traptziforme, A. gracillimum, Loroaria gibba, Lastrea aristata variegata, Ptcris serrulata cnstata Cowani, P. serrulata : nice plants in 6o's, 20J. per ico. Adiantum cuneaium, A. gracillimum. A, trapeziforme. in 4 and 4% inch pots, 40J. to 50f. per 100, according to size ; Adiantum Pacotti, in 6o's, 30J. per 100; ditto, in 4 and 4% inch pots, 50J. per 100. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseiies, Garston, Liverpool. W RIGHT'S well-known CELERIES: the finest in cultivation : — GROVE RED, GROVE WHITE, GROVE PINK and GIANT WHITE, each per packet, ij , the four 31., post-free, or 40J. per 100 packets. WRIGHT'S PERFECTION BROCCOLI, 11. packels. ,, EARLY MARKET CABBAGE, finest early variety known, IS. per packet. CUCUMBERS— TELEGRAPH, good true stock, packet u. ; too seeds, 41. ; per ounce, 131. PARAGON, good, packet, ir. ; 100 seeds, 4J. ; per ounce, laj. PRINCE of WALES, fine show variety, packets, is ; 100 seeds, 4J : per ounce, t^s. All my own careful saving, and strongly recommended. Cash from unknown correspondents. WILLIAM WRIGHT, Seedsman', Retford, NolU. OrcWdB. fpHE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL -L CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have at present a grand stock of DENDROBIUMS, in variety, and other East Indian ORCHIDS, aUo CATTLEYAS and other valuableORCHIDS from South Amenca, and they are constantly receiving fresh importations. Price LISTS and full particulars on application The MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool. To OBler Growers, Basket Makers, and Nurserymen. "D RADFORD and SONS, Yeovil, Somerset, -L* now Grow and Cut yearly 100 acres and upwards of OSIER BEDS, and will quote prices to the Trade, according to quantity required. Samples and prices of Osier " Sd " on application. THE GARDENER S' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. At a GENERAL MEETING of the MEMBERS of this l".'ii",Vi;°°.kJ'^.''' °'' I'luarv J4. iS8s. for the Eleaion of EIGHT PENSIONERS, the loUowing was the result of the Ballot :— CANDIDATES. Votes. Nam:. Age. 191Q 1333 2308 1597 412 ".•71 iioS 7' 7 1305 >5iS WILLIAM BIRKETT RICHARD HAWKINS WILLIAM ARCHER THOMAS BEST ROBERT PRYOR .. MARTHA SWANSBOROUGH .. GEORGE URQUHART SOPHIA WARE ANNA MARIA ALLAN .. '.'. ELIZABETH FOULIS '. WILLIAM HARMAN ELIZABETH PARR MARY RABBITT 76 69 79 69 l\ 59 73 64 The Meeting declared Martha Swansborough.William Birkelt, George Urquhart, Mary Rabbitt, Anna Maria Albn, Richard Hawkins, Elizabeth Parr, and Elizabeth Fouli-, as having the greatest number o( votes, duly elected Pensioners from the 25lh December last. ^^^^^ ^ SUTLER, Secretary. 14. Tavistock Row, London, W.C, January 20, iSSj. To the Trade. BROAD BEANS. HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of • WINDSOR and LONGPOD BEANS io offer. Samples and Prices may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment. Wi>bech. A SH, common, 2 to 3 feet, clean, 17^-, per -^^^ 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, 2rj. per 1000. ELMS, il4 to 2 leet, 14J. per 1000 ; 2 to 3 feet, 171. per loso ; English, 3 feet, 2^s. per looo. CHESTNUT, Spanish, 2 to 3 feet, 22X. per 1000 ; 15 to 20 inches, i6r. per ico3. LARCH, 14 to 24 inches, i2j. ed. ; do. in 6 varieties, ax. ; do., mixed, in la colours, it. ed. ; do., in 6 colours, _ir. : do. do., good varieties, 6 6 Chrysantliemum frutescens grandiflorum , . . . 10 Cineraria, Williams' Extra Choice, i,'o, a/o, t6 & 5 o Cineraria, Large Flowering French 26 Cockscomb, Williams' Prize 26 Cyclameu persicum. Williams' Superb Strain, mixt d 1/6, 2;6. 3/6& 5 o Cyclamen giganteum, mixed 26 Gloxinia, eiect, very choice .. .. .. ..16 Gloxinia gesnerioides (New) 26 Impatlens Sultani . . 1,'- & i 6 Pyretlirum aureum Selaginoides 16 Primula sinensis fimbriata, Williams' Superb Strain, mixed i 6, 2/6, 3/6 & 5 o Primula sinensis fimbriata, mixed, six vars., 1/6 & 2 6 I I ILLUSTRATED SEED CATALOGUE gratis and post-free on application. UPPER HOLLOWAY.LONDON.N. Purchasers of Seed Potatoes Are reminiled that the OHLY GOLD MEDAL At the PARIS EXHIBITION, Was WON with CARTERS SELECTED SEED POTATOES. 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. Illustrated Descriptive Lists Gratis & Post Free. J CANNELL'S We print the following from our greatest Artist and Professional Floral Critic of the day, simply to show all lovers of Flowers that our Catalogue ("FLORAL GUIDE") is of more importance and value than we have hitherto set upon it ; and further, however good the Cata- logue may be, our place, stock, quality, and facilities are even more so. HAKRISON WEIR, Esq., F.R.H.S. "Henwick, Lansd(nvne Road. TuftbriJge Wells, "January 19, 1885. "Dear Sir, — I have duly received your marvellous Cata- logue, for which I have much pleasure in enclosing a postal order, is. 6d. It is full of inlormation, and^is not only valuable from a COMMERCIAL point of view, as enabling those wish- ing for certain plants to know where to find them, but it is a veritable register of the floral beauiie* of TO-DAV— their price and qualities, and thus forms an excellent work for reference in years to come : as such I shall HAVE IT BOUND, and place it in my library.'* THE HOME OF FLOWERS, SWANLET, KENT. PALMS, strong, healthy, splendidly foliaged. — Latania borbonica and Seaforlhia elegans, ao inches high, Its per dozen ; sample plant, ij. st". ; Latania borbonica and Seaforthia elegans, is inches high, sss. per loo : sample dozen, 41. ; Maidenhair FERNS. Adianlum cuneatum. 20i. pet 100 ; sample dozen, \t. Packages and parcels post-tree. Postal Orders to the GARDENER, Holly Lodge. Stamford Hill, London. N. /^ CHRYSANTHEMUMS. — Specialty. — 420 V^ varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest and cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plants, purchaser s selection, is, dd. per dozen, l6j. per too ; cuttings, iS. 6d. per dozen. loj. per too ; W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. Inspection invited. W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe, Kent^ SEAKALE.— Fine Forcing and Planting. ASPARAGUS.very fine, 3 years. THE ROYAL NORFOLK NURSERIES COMPANY (late EwiNGs). Eaton, Norwich. 13AUL AND SON, The "Old" Nurseries, -L Cheshimt, hold very fine stocks of the undermentioned :— STANDARD TEA ROSES, best kinds. STANDARD HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, vigorous kinds. DWARF TEA ROSES, on Brier only. STRONG CLIMBING ROSES, very large ptanf. STRONG CLIMBING ROSES, in pots, 8 to 9 feet higli. STRONG DWARF ROSES for Hedges. STRONG DWARF ROSES for Beds. POT ROSES of all sorts and sizes. STRONG STANDARD APPLES. 5 106 feet stems. STRONG STANDARD PEARS, extra fine heads. STRONG STANDARD PLUMS, including VicioiiaF. EXTRA FINE HORIZONTAL TRAINED APPtES an PEARS. EXTRA FINE FAN TRAINED PLUMS ard CHERRIES. STRAWBERRlEh, in large andsmall pots. GOOSEBERRIES, fine, on i foot stems. CURRAN rs. particularly fine Red and White. CONIFERS. EVERGREENS, and AVENUE PLANTS. HOLLIES, Green and Variegated. lo acres at High Beach. CATALOIjUES post-free. H^ENDER'S~STRAIN of NEW FRINGED PETUNIAS.— After great care and attention we have obtained beautilully fringed flowers of our strain of Petunias. The Double Seed will turn out a good percentage of fine double fringed flowers, often far superior to named varieties. The Singles (now offered for the first time) are magnificent, flowers large and finely fringed. Colours very rich and varied in markings. Double, 3T. f>d. per packet : sti gles, aj. 6i. per packet. HENDER'S BALSAMS, double, einn. v.rs.. sr. 6if. per packet. HENDER'S PETUNIA GRANDIFLORA, singles, ar. per packet. HENDER AND SONS, Nursery, Plymouth. Potting Time for Heaths, TMALLER, Brunswick Nursery, Totten- • ham. N.. begs to off-r Small Heaths for pitting on of ihe following varieties ;—5coo HYEMALIS, icoo GRACILIS, 500 HYBRIDA, 500 ASSURGENS, 500 MELANTHERA, 5C0 CAFFRA. Low Prices for Cash, according to quantity taken. LARGE FLOWERING TEN-WEEK STOCK, the best strain in cultivation, producing 80 to 90 per cent, cf double fljwers. Splendid, mixed, per oz,, 7^., per packet, ^d. For separate sons and collections, see CATALOGUE, forwarded gratis and post-free. FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. See report in the Gardeners' Chronicle^ August 9, 1SS4, p. 17S NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 1884-5.— Our Descriptive Priced LIST is now ready, and can be had free on application to T. JACKSON AND SON. Nurseries, Kingston-on-Thames. A"SPARAGUS ROOTS (Harwood's Giant). Very strong and fit for abundant produce the first season ; per 100. 7J. fid. \ extra, immense roots, per loo, loj. f>d. HOOPER AND CO., Govern Garden. London, W.G. URPLUS bTUCK, beautiful Specimens of ORNAMENTAL and liVERGRtLEN TRKES, in per- fect condition for removal, at extraordinarily low pricts. Special LIST, just published, on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. QPECIAL CHEAP OFFE R.— O ALDER, ASH. BIRCH, ELM. Austrian PINE, MAPLE, OAK (EnglUh). PRIVET ovahfolia, PRIVET Evergreen. All the above good stout stuff, from 2 to 4 feet. POPLAR in variety, from 4 to 10 feet ; THORN QUICK. 1. 4, and 5 feet ; YEWS, extra strong ; SYCA- MORES, 3 to 6 feet ; BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, iK to s feet ; CUPRESSUS, various, 2 to 10 feet ; Golden ELDER. Ribes CURRANTS, Sweet BRIERS, HOLLIES in variety, from I to 9 feet : splendid stuff, all recently transplanted, IVIES in variety, LAURELS in sorts, 2 to 4 feet ; LILACS, J to 5 feet : RETINOSPOKAS, in sorts, i to 6 feet ; English YEWS, 2 to 4 feet, fine stuff; AZALEA PONTICA, 1 to 3 feet; RHODODENDRONS, for covert and other planting, from I inch to 3 feet : several hundred thousand choic named RHODODENDRONS, in good sizeed plants ; Cunning ham's White CAUCASICUM PICTUM JACKSONIANA &c. Double Yellow and White PRIMROSES. For price and particulars apply to ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON, The Nurseries, Milton, Stoke-on-Trent. ASPBERRY CANES.— An immense quantity of the choicest Carters' Prolific and Fastolf for disposal. The Advertiser l>cuig the most extensive cultivator of Rasp- berries in England, special care will be taken to select Canes most suitable for a vigorous growth and an early fruiting. Lowest cash terms on application to R. BATH. Crayford, Kent. Forcing Asparagus. RAND G. NKAL beg to ofter the above • by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans- planted last spring). Samples with Price on application Also beg to call theattention of Nurserymen, BuUders, and others to their exceptionally fine stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common S. W. 104 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 24, 1SS5. Lalng's Rose Trees. JOHN LAING& CO. Roses for Removal now. Per doz. Standards, choicest and best sorts .. i8i. and zu. Half-Standards ,, ,, n ■ ■ iS*- n i8j. Dwarfs ,, ,. ». .. 9^- .. i'^s. Our selection of above Perpetuals. Vigorous growth, well-rooted, unequalled quality. Rose Growers. Forest Hill. S.E. ANTHONY WATERER Invites attention to the following LIST of well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY STOCK:— HOLLIES. Common Green, 3, 4,5.6, 7, 8 to\ ,, laurilctia, ditto. [10 feet high. | , Hodgins', 3. 4, 5 to8 feet. ,, mynifolia, ditto. >■ many thousands. ,, Scottica, 3 to 8 feet. „ Yellow-berried, allaclarense and others. I ,. Variegated, of sorts, 3. 4, 5,6, 8 to 10 ft./ „ Waterer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet in circumference. „ Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feat, hundreds ol beautitul specimens. „ Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful heads, ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds. ,» new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful plants. BOX. Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6to yfeet. many thousands. YEWS, Common, 3 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, thousands. „ Golden, o( all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point of variety and size unequalled. ,, Irish, c to ID feet, hundreas. Lthousands. CUPRfcSSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 8 feet, „ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful specimens. THUrOPSIS DOLABRATA. 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds. RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4. 5,6, 7, 8,to 10 feet. The plants are covered with buds. AZALEAS, Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet high, thousands. JUNIPERS, Clunese, 7, 8. and 10 feet high. ., Chinese Golden, 3 to 6 feet. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANAGLAUCA. 3 to 5 feet. ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds. ., DOUGLASH. 3 to 5 feet, thousands. ,, ,, GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. ,, ORIENTALIS, 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ HOOKERIANA. 3 to 5 feet. „ PARRVANA GLAUCA, 1% to 2 feet, hundreds. PlCEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. ,, GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet. ,. LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. „ MAGNIFICA, 2 t03 feet, hundreds. ,, NOBILIS, 1% to 3 feet, thousands. ., NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, to 10 feet. ,, PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ PUNGENS, iH to 2 feet, thousands. PlNUS CEMBRA, 6 to 8 feet. CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds. ,, LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon). 3 to 5 feet. THUIA OCCIDENTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. THUIOPSIS BOREALIS. 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. „ PiSlFERA AUREA (true). 3 to 6 feet. „ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet. Knap Hill Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey. The earliest in cultivation, dwarf and com- pact in habit, head firm and pure white, and well protected by the foliage. It stands dry weather better than any other variety. Mr. Gilbert says it turned out the best of all he grew last season. Mr. E. Stephenson, Thorganby Hall, says: — "Your 'President' Cauliflower is not only the earliest but the moat useful I have ever grown ; we can plant it 3 or 4 inches closer thanaoy othervariety. Theheadsare very white and compact. I have grown it ever since it came out : I recommend it to all my friends." Post Iree on receipt of postal order or stamps for \s. 6rf. Martin's FreBident Catiliflower la. 6d. per packet. WILLIAM E. MARTIN. Seed Merchant, Hull. SEEDS, VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM, Carefully Selected^ AND FROM WHICH MAY BE EXPBCTEO THE BEST RESULTS EVER YET ATTAINED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTSand NURSERYMEN, WO RCESTER. JOHN LAING & CO. GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our Prize Plants. New crop now harvested. Sealed packets. CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, i/- and 2/6 per packet ; 5/- extra large packets ; double varieties, 3/6 and 5/- per packet. COLLECTIONS, 12 named varieties, separate, 7/6 6named varieties, separate. 4/^ I3egonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. ?^' FORTY , Orna- Forest Pricfd Catalogues .PosLFree. ' e w Crawley , ^B Sussex. Kent; The Garden of England. O? ALL KI^4DS . WRITE TO THE OLO NURSERIES; IVW CULTIVATE 700 KINDS. nimtratcd List . List of NamijS. 3 Stamps.! A Oralis. {Registered.) 300,000 Trees to eelect from. Specialties for 1885. ILLUSTRATED LIST Of Choice New Seeds for Gardeners and Amateurs. Post-free 6d. Sent free to all Customers. E. J. J ARM AN, The People's Seedsman, CHAKD, SOMERSETSHIRE. I I CUT FLOWERS. Buy of ike Groovers. LILY OF THE VALLEY (very fine), and TULIPS (In sorts). The Advertisers are prepared to offer a regular supply of above for cash at moderate prices. MESSRS. TURNER BROS., Nurserymen and Florists, Allerton, Liverpool. BLEiFlOWERSEED^ Seed Potatos-Toolssc JPjiiriiD Catalog ^us^PostFui:!:. JAMESDICKSON&SONS SEED GROWERS, ff ^ Wn\f i {'« 5-~fl' ^1l?55 lQ8EASTG^EST.'ij;mivjt^ li^ VEGETABLES FLOWER fJow ready Posh Free Two Stamps DescripfiveCataioque^Cultural Guide ^ . V Qxss-^Xcy ^ Sussex. SURPLUS STOCK, i ISAAC DAVIES & SON Beg to offer the following Plants, in which they abound, at reduced prices : — RHODODENDRONS, hybrid Seedlings, various colours, fine bushes. 3 to 4 feet, well budded, 30J. to 40J. per dozen. ,j Selected hybrid Seedlings, cclour labelled on each plant, 2'; to 3?^ feet, well budded, 241. to 30J. per dcz^n. „ Choice named kinds, fine bushy plants, iJ4 to 2J4 feet, well budded, 301., 40J. to 501. per dozen. ,, Seedlings from our choicest kinds, various colours, 13 to 15 inches, bushy, 30J. to scr. per ico. AZALEA PONTICA, bushy plai.ts, well budded, 41., 6*. to gs. per dozen. ,, Mollis, Seedlings from best varieties, colours kept dibtioct, nice bushes, 5 to is buds, gs. per doien, 501. per loa; same size, many with buds, 351. per 100, £.S per 1000. , DAVlESir, beautiful trusses of while sweet-scented tl:>wers, best of all for forcing, fine plants, well budded, 24s. to 30f. per dozen. DAPH N K M tZEKKUM. reds, bushy and covered with buds, I S to 18 inches, 3r. 61/. per dozen, t6j. per.oj; i^ to 2 feet, 4(. per dozen, 25J. per 103; whites, 151018 inches, bushy and covered with buds, 41 per dozen. ERICA HER BACK A ALBA (new hardy Heath), now cooii .g into fljwer, 5J. per dozen, 30^. per 100. SK.IMM1A JAPONICA.fine bushes covered withbuls. 6s. lo 8s. per dozer. LILIUM AURATUM, home-grown bulbs, all of which boie heads of fl jwer last summer, gs to 12s. per dozen. We have a fine stock of Green and Variegated HOLLIES, from 2 to 5 feet high, well rooted, and a large General Nursery Stock. Also Sweet-scented RHODODENDRONS and oih=r choice hybrids of our own raising. Priced CATALOGUE on application. — Ormskirk, Lancashire. SPECIAL OFFER ORNAMENTAL TREE 3 and SHRUBS, ROSES and FRUIT TREES of all kinds, FOREST TREES, &c., All well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices (free on application). WALTER CHAS. SLOCOCK, Goldworth "Old" Nursery, WOKING, SURREY. Purchasers of Garden Seeds Fie REMINDED THAT THE ONLY GOLD MEDAL HEALTHERIES WAS AWARDED TO C A R T E R S' PURE HOME-GROWN SEEDS. 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. Illustrated Catalogues Gratis and Post Free. New, Rare, and Choice Flower Seeds "ILLUSTRATED." This most USEFUL and INTERESTING CATALOGUE, which every one with a Garden or Greenhouse should possess, is NOW READY, and is being posted to all CUSTO- MERS, and may be had gratis upon applica- tion. It includes, perhaps, the finest list of STERLING NOVELTIES ever brought together ; a grand collection of HAKUY FLORISTS' FLOWERS ; a specially fine selection of HARDY PERENNIALS, and such as are easily and quickly grown ; GREEN- HOUSE SEEDS — all the most popular ; HARDY ORNAMENTAL GRASSES ; SHOWY SINGLE-FLOWERED ANNU- ALS and PERENNIALS. The Catalogue is beautifully illustrated and everything very fully described. Also, in separate form and complete, Collection of MISCELLANEOUS ISULliS adapted for Spring Plantmg. THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FARM NHRSERIES, TOTTEMHAM. LONDOK. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES and ROSES. A large and select stock is now olTercd for sale. Tlie IlluitralrJ .iiui DiSCriplirr C.-l TALOGUE o/l'KUl TS fnl-Jrtc. The Descriptive CATALOUUK of ROSES post-free. \, THOMAS RIVERS & SON The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. January 24, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' ^CHRONICLE. 105 To the Trade. CUCUMBER SEEDS. — Rollisson's Tele- graph, Vettch's Tender and True, carefully selected stock, which may be rtlied on. Price on application. GEO. COOLING and SON, Seedsmen. &c , Bath. TO PLANTERS OF FOREST AND OTHER TREES. Cranston's Nursery & Seed Co. (LIMITED) Have splendid slocks of transplanted and well-rooted LARCH FIR .... I toitftet. ,, ,, . . .. it to 2 feet. ,, ,, .... 2 to 2J feet, ,, ,, .. ,, 2M0 3 feet. ,, ,, .... 3 to 3^ feet. . . 4 to 5 feet. SCOTCH FIR .. ..2 to2Meet. ,, .. .. 2M0 3 feet. THORNS 2' to 2j feet. ,, .... 2^ to 3 feet. &c.,&c., and will be pleased to quote lowest prices on receipt of a list of requirements. Full truckloads Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station. CATALOGUES on application, CRANSTON'S NURSERY & SEED CO. (LIMITED) KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. A SPECIALTY. Rhododendrons and other Americin Plants, Grown in Sandy Loam. A superb Collection of all the leading varieties in cultivation. Also thousands of RHODODENDRON PONTICUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverts. Priced LISTS on applicaiion. JOHN KING'S CRANSTON ACRE, HEREFORD. ^M^ PUTBUSH'S MILL- V^ TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require description. Price 6j. per bushel [rj. extra per bushel for package), or td. per cake; free by Parcels Post, u. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached , WM. CUTBUSH AND SON f (Limited), Nurser'imen and Seed MTrhiTit*; H.nhpat*. N„rc fl'^iwers of su(h colour, siie, and brilliarcy not to be seen el.-'ewhere. We should be glad to send blooms ot Primulas tn any address for six stamps. As many as there are that grow fljwers, none cary out the system as we do all iheie'ore, may well uuderstand how we supply them. H. OANNELL & SONS, THE HOME OF FLOWERS. SWANLEY, KENT. CHAMPION PEAS OF THE WORLD. WHO SAYS SO P Mr Barron says : — ' The finest in cuhivation." Mr Miles says: — ' Excellent tor Exhibitior." ^ Mr Fish says ; — The finest I have setn." Mr, Marriott saj s ; — " The best ever sent out." Mr. Gilbert says : — '* Straiagem is a gem." Per rinl Post-free. Per pkL CARTERS' STRATAGEM . is.U. .. 31. oi. CARTERS' TELEPHONE .. !< erf .. 51. 6i , CARTERS' PRIDE OF ) ,s. 0,1. .. 21. 6d. . THE MARKET i lltusly.Uld LISTS g>;Uis aut /c^tfnt. Id. 6,/. Id. Seedsmen by Royal Warrant to H.R.H. Prince of Wales, 237 238' 3, High Holborn, London, VV.C, Great Reduction in Prices of Roses. STANDARDS and HALF- STANDARDS, best sort?, 15J. per dozen, i2oj. per lOO. DWARFS, LARGE BUSHES, 75 per dozen, 55^. per 100. The following letter, selected from many hundreds of similar ones, is, I trust, a sufficient proof that the plants are of the best quality : — •' Hill Side. 203, Richmond Road. Putney. Nov. 36, 1884. "Sir,— I am much pleased with the fine healthy plants you have 5ent me. Both the Dwarfs and Standards aie specimen* of skilful cultivation. They are particularly well rooted, and are in every respect all that a Rose-grower can desire. — I am, yours failhfully. " B. G. CoLEBV. "To Mr. Frank Cant, Rose-Grower, Colchester." A Descriptive CATALOGUE Post-free on applicaiion to FRANK CANT, " The " Rose-Grower, The Mile End Nurseries, Colchester. THE NEW RASPBERRY LORD BEACONSFIELD (a Seedling). The finest Raspberry and best cropper evtr known. First- class Certificates. Royal Horticultural Society, 1883. Strong Canes, 15J. per dozen. ;C5 is. per 100 ', 4 feet Fruiting C-oca gf. per dozen, T,i per 100. Usual allowance to the Trade. A. FAULKNOB, JNKPEN, HUNGEKFORD, io6 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 24, 1885. MR. LAXTON'S SPECIALTIES FOR 1885. For particulars with Prices of — NEW PEAS— EVOLUTION. LORD BACON, and EARLIEST OF ALL; NEW BUNNEB BEANS— THE CZAR aad GIRTFORD GIANT; NEW LONGPOD BEAN- JOHN HARRISON; NEW POTATO— WHITE-SKINNED BEAUTY OF HEBRON ; BEST ONION- SANDY PRIZE WHITE SPANISH ; NEW TOMATOS— OPEN AIR, and THE CARDINAL; NEW GREENS- GILBERT'S CHOU DE BURGHLEY and UNIVERSAL SAVOY ; BEST ASPARAGUS- EARLY PURPLE ARGENTEUIL ; NEW APPLES- SCHOOLMASTER, &c. : NEW STRAWBEBRIES- KING OF THE EARLIES, and THE CAPTAIN; NEW ROSES- BEDFORD BELLE, and GIPSY; NEW SWEET PEA— L\XTON'S INVINCIBLE CARMINE ; The slocks of several of ■which are limited and are fast selling out — APPLY TO — Thomas Laxton, Seed Grower, Bedford. B.S.WILLIAMS' VEGETABLE SPECIALTIES. I \ For 1885. I -i — r Williams' Early Prollflc Kidney Beans, per qt. rhc earliest and icst for /orci>!£. Superb Crimson Beet, . . per oz. Dwarf Green Curled Borecole ,, Improved Brussels Sprouts per pkt. Alexandra Broccoli Early Nonsuch Cabbage .. „ Matchless Red Celery .. ,, Matchless White Celery . . „ Gloria Mundl Endive Victoria Cos Lettuce Semper Fldells Melon . . ,, Magnum Bonum Onion „ Emperor of the Marrow Pea per qt. HoUoway Rival Pea Golden Queen Tomato . per pkt. Ne Plus Ultra Tomato ,, Red King Tomato Orangefleld Improved Tomato ,, I. d. 2 6 WUllams' Williams' WUllams' Williams' WlUlams' Williams' Williams' Williams' Williams' Williams' Williams' Williams' Williams' Williams' WUllams' Williams' WUllams' 2 6 0 6 For further particulars sfC Illustrated SEED CA TALOGUE. p:t-free on application. VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. (C SNOAVDROP " POTATO. (JOHN PERKINS & SON.) A Nezo Early White Kidney, of sterling merit, both as to quality and productiveness. Awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horticul- tural Society, August 30, 1883, and now offered at a price that -places it within the reach of all. May be had through any Seedsman or direct from the Growers. John Perkins & Son, SEED MERCHANTS and NURSERYMEN, 52, MARKET SQUARE, NORTHAMPTON. SEEDS of SUPERIOR QUALITY. Messrs. DICKSON & ROBINSON Have the pleasure to announce that their ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS, ETC, IS NOW READY, and can be had, post-free, on application. THE OLD ESTABLISHED SEED WAREHOUSE, 12, OLD MILLGATE, MANCHESTER. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. (ESTABLISHED 1804.) ROSES IN POTS (80,000) '^'i%'l\ FORCING, &c., 15^. t0 36j. per dczen. Pill no Lovely Flowers in Winter and Spring for a trifle. D U L DO Ready in Autumn. ROSES (20 acres) ''"'»6^%^ fi^''°""• STANDARDS, 155. per dozen, losi. per ico. Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order, nnj IJTQ {"1 A onrno^ Best varieties of every form rnUI I O \/T" dOlCO/ and kind of tree at low prices. SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) IViV^i TREES. FLOWERING PLANTS (8i. per dozen, 50J. per 100), FOREST TREES. ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants, 45. per dozen, 25^. per 100 (R. S. & Co.'s Selection). STRAWBERRIES forcing, lei.to j^.^Vi™' \/IMCC THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES, V I IN LO 31. M. to loj. id. each. PI CMATIQ WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGLE uLCIVm I 10 and DOUBLE, 13;. to 341. per dozen. Three Acres of Glass for Stove and Greenhouse Plants. FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE. VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense amount of useful information, free on application. PAXTON'S CALENDAR. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Price 3d., Post Free 3id. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. January 24, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 107 THE BEST I NEW I 23. 6(L per pint. | •"«='" | 23. g^ pgj. pi^t. In Sealed Packets only. I PEA. r n Sealed Packets only. WEBBS' WORDSLEY WONDER. A First Early Blue Wrinkled Marrow. Height, 2;< feet. TRIALS AND REPORTS. Mr. W. Iggulden Bays :— " It is the best novelty ia the way of Peas." Mr. R. Gilbert says :— " It IS calculated to suit the million." Mr. W. Ingrain Bays:— " The Wordsley Wonder is altogether a very Rood Pel. The "Gardeners' Cltronlcle" says:— " Of great productiveness and good constitution." Mr. William Crump says :— " I am well pleased with Webbs' Wordsley Wonder." Mr. W. Elmptan says:- " The flavour is all that can be desired." Mr. Edward Tate says:— " Very prclific, having from ten to twelve Peas in each pod : of iirst-class flavour." Mr. Joseph Fltt says :— " The best new Pea sent out fcr some time." Mr. Whlttlngton Landon says:— " Strong grower — ver>' prolific— delicious fla\our." THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. SUTTON'S CHOICE Novelties. NEW POTATOS for 1885. SUTTON'S EARLY ECLIPSE. Especially valuable for forcing, as well as for early borders. It is a white round variety, of good shape, and as regards quality a decided advance on any other early sort Although the haulm is very small, the crop is large. We have had this Potato tested for three seasons at our Trial Farm, and also in other soils, and in every instance tt has proved to be ready for table before every other variety. Per 4 lb., 2b 6d. ; per 7 lb., 43. "A most useful Potato for early work, with but little Iiaulm. Very heavy crop, free from disease, though others grown by its side are very badly diseased. Excellent when cooked."— Mr. C. HOWE, The Gardens, Benham Park. SUTTON'S READING RUBY. A spUndid new ruby-purple Potato, raised by Mr. R. Fenn, from a cross between Bountiful and an American variety. Beautiful shape, smooth skin, perfectly white and firm flesh ; eyes on the surface. From a great variety of soils it has proved to be one of the best cooking Potatos grown. We strongly recommend it for general crop, and especially for culture in gardens, as it gives a large crop with moderate haulm. It was awarded the first prize at the Northampton Seedling Potato Exhibition, September ar, 1882, as the beit coloured Kidney, and for quality on being cooked. It took the same position again at the show held in September* 1884. Sutton's Reading Ruby was also awarded a First-class Certificate by the .Committee of the Iniernational Potato Exhibition when tested under the name of James Abbiss. Per 4 lb., 2s. 6d. ; per 7 lb., 43. " A purple Kidney of great merit, quite free from disease, splendid when cooked, white, floury and excellent." — Mr. J. TEGG, Gardener to J. Walter, Esq., M.P. FOR FULL PARTICULARS OF Sutton's Potatos ^° Planting SUTTON'S DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF Choice Seed Potatos, I Gratis and Post-free on application. ^Ufviu/o onb Seedsmen by Royal Warrant to H M. the Queen and First Seedmen by Royal Warrant to H.R H. the Prince of Wales, BEADINO. THE SATURDAY, JANUARY 24, 1885. A TRIP TO JEYPORE. FROM Agra to Jeypore the country is very uninteresting. As far as the eye can see, on both sides of the railway, there are nothing but plains of Saccharum moonja, which was then (November) in flower. It is not unlike the Pampas-grass. There are also immense tracts of Zizyphus nummularia, plenty of Calotiopis Hamiltoni, now and then some Capparis aphylla, especially on broken ground, and some other plants, which I could not iden- tify from the railway carriage. Villages are few and far between. Crops, with few exceptions, are very wretched, although this year (1884) they say the rainfall was better than usual. Sorghum and Penicillaria were 2 and 3 feet high instead of 8 or 10 feet. Near Jeypore peacocks were feeding on the leaves of plants close to the railway, and some were actually perched on the boundary mud walls of the line. The train pjissing along did not in the least disturb them. They are evidently never harmed, and held in great reverence. The peacock appears to be the emblem of Jeypore, as I saw it in cast-iron miniature on the tops of the lamp-posts. The city of Jeypore is rather curious ; its main streets are wide and well kept ; they are lined on both sides by a series of native house- fronts, the exterior of which reminds one very strongly of a cake in purple-pink, picked out with white. They are all of the same colour, except the fronts of His Highness's palace and stables, which are of yellow-ochre, picked out with white. The city is well furnished with gas- lamps, although when I left early in the dark morning not one was lit on the road to the station. There are also numerous watercocks along the main roads. Both these are novel features in native cities. The narrow side streets, however, had the usual oriental dirt and smells. His Highness' palace consists of tier upon tier, making five or six storeys. It looks quaint, but I fancy the top storeys must be nice and cool, and fine places for bedrooms during the rainy season, it being a great advan- tage to sleep high above the chills and effluvia of the level of the ground. The public halls of audience look tawdry, and, as happens in other cases, there is an e.xhibition of barbaric grandeur, combined with ragged curtain blinds, and now and then dirty walls and comers. The Maharajah's garden is'very extensive, and mostly taken up by an infinity of water-spouts placed in shallow fountains on the level of the ground. They say the jets are let off twice a year, on great festivals, and it is said they are fed from a reservoir near the hills. At the end of the Maharajah's palace garden there is a sort of belvedere, which looks over an extensive pond, in which turtles and crocodiles are kept. All this has a certain charm about it, but to show how tastes differ, I there met an Ameri- can, who was staying at the same hotel as I was. I asked him how he liked His High- io8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. (January 24, 1885. ness' grounds and palace. "Well," he said, " if they were offered to me for nothing I would not have them." In Jeypore there are many trees of Ailantus excelsa. It has very light wood, which is mainly used for sword-scabbards. They say that Mangos do not grow in Jeypore, and I do not remember seeing one. The city on one side is bordered by a crescent of low hills, which are not wooded, but which have low scrubby plants, Euphorbias and others, used only for firewood. On one of the hills is a fort and summer palace. I visited the " Ramnewas " garden. The guide-book stated that "it is probably the most beautiful garden in India." It is exten- sive, and bears the stamp of having been designed on paper and then of an endeavour having been made to carry out the design on the ground. This, of course, can be easily done, but then the result will be probably such a garden as this. It has here and there little depressions, and some mounds, and several lawns, which could hardly be called green, as they were dotted with brown patches. It has all been recently done— some fifteen or sixteen years ago. The shrubs have grown fairly, but there is not a tree of any size. Some plants of Cupressus sempervirens were dotted about in lines and otherwise, looking rather unhappy. One thing I saw which was charming, viz., a " Neem " tree (Melia azadirachta) covered on one side with the deep rose sprays of Antigonon leptopus. It was so fine that it is a wonder this fine climber is not oftener sent up a " Neem " or other tree. The contrast between the deep rose flowers and the dark green feathery foliage of the " Neem " was perfect. It.was the only one I saw, and it appeared to have gone up the tree by chance. A number of these simple natural combinations alone would light up the place,! which, although extensive, I thought was not less monotonous. Climbers are tortured into espaliers, arches, and other unnatural positions. This garden, although recent, already shows signs of neglect. The fact is, this style of gardening, on an extensive scale, requires a small army of workmen to keep it in order, and an expenditure which would be enough to ruin any native potentate. It appears to be all non-productive. It would have been better if portions of it had been planted with groups of forest trees, which might have been made very ornamental in various ways, and which would, now and then, have afforded the eye an escape from the monotony nf the scenery, and repose to the mind. When the present trees grow bigger — if allowed to do so — the garden may then look less monotonous. I was told, however, that now and then some- body orders them to be pruned. In all the gardens I have seen in native states there is too much chopping and chipping and bothering of plantr. Natives appear to have a fancy for this un- natural sort of gardening. The evolution of the art of gardening appears to necessitate this " stage of clipping." In olden times, in Europe, it was considered the proper thing, and as a relic of the past some gardeners in England still cultivate this fancy. I would say, " Give me one Antigonon trailing naturally up a ' Neem ' tree, and keep all the clipped things to yourself ! " There was an opportunity here for landscape gardening which, I think, has been allowed to escape, while great energy appears to h.ive been expended on symmetry, steps, mounds, ponds, and seats. Where sym- metry ought to have been, however, there it was not. A small symmetrical yard near the aviary had four small plots in the four corners. One had an Oreodoxa regia, and the rest other kinds of Palms, which can never by their nature become symmetrical. As the Italians say — Qui ci andavano qualtro Oreodoxa regia, or quatiro something else, all of one kind. The aviary contained a number of interesting birds. One thing, however, was rather painful to look at, viz., a small shallow pond, enclosed with wire netting. It was 14 paces long and 12 paces wide, with side recesses of stone, and a small bit of dry ground. In this enclosure were twenty flamingos, several herons, storks, spoonbills, cranes, ibises, paddy-birds, bar- headed geese, knob-beaked geese, Brahmini ducks, and a variety of other ducks, teals of sorts, terns, water-hens, a cormorant, and a hill raven. The cormorant, with his traditional appetite, was diving for and de- vouring bits of meat in quick succession ; herons and terns were doing pretty much the same thing, others were quarrelling. The water was dirty, and I was told was changed only once a week, the dirty water being dis- charged into a plot of Plantains. I think it ought to make fine liquid manure. Nineteen of the flamingos were having a foot bath, with their heads under their wings, the twentieth, and the finest of the lot, had evidently had enough of this sort of life, and was lying dead on dry land. The other nineteen were pro- bably dreaming of a similar and not distant fate. About a stone's-throw frsm this aviary the Maharajah is building himself a new palace of marble and stone,and an extensive "zenana," to cost Heaven knows how many lacs of rupees. On charitable and sanitary grounds these poor water-birds might have a few of these rupees set apart for the purpose of giving them a little more space and cleaner water. (TV he continued.) PINUS PATULA. The branch and cones of Pinus patula (fig. 20) are figured from a tree of this graceful Mexican Pine now growing in the gardens at Carclew, Cornwall, (fig. 22, p. 117) is from a photograph by F. A. AUchin, Esq. There are other single specimens of this Pinus at Lamorran. in the pretty grounds of the Hon. and Rev. J. T. Boscawen, where it is 24 feet 7 inches high, measuring at 3 feet from the ground 3 feet 10 inches, with a head in diameter 24 feet 7 inches. Another fine tree is at Pencarrow, near Bodmin, height 43 feet 6 inches, and girth at 3 feet, 7 feet 3 inches. Another is at Penjerrick, near Falmouth, a younger tree, but of fine growth. There were olher plants at Antony, at Heligan, and at Menabilly, but these have been blown down or killed. In Devonshire there are a few trees of P. patula, the finest being, it is believed, that growing at Bic- ton, in Lady Rolles' 6ne collection of Pines, which is 36 feet high, and its girth at the ground 8 feet. The branch of P. patula which is drawn in Lam- bert's Genus Pimis does not show the graceful pendulous character of the foliage, and the cone is larger than those grown in Cornwall, having probably been drawn from a Mexican specimen. J. R.^ Men%' billy ^ December^ 1884. [To the above account of a most graceful tree with which we were favoured by Mr. Rashleigh there is little that need be added, as the tree has been described by Lambert, Parlatore, in De Candolle's Prodromus, xvi., 2, p. 397 ; and by Gordon, Pineium, ed. 2, p. 278. We mayadd, however, as points that have hitherto been unrecorded, that the buds are clustered at the ends of the shoots, each from ^ — i inch long, cylindtic-conic, and very sharply pointed. The leaf in transverse section {fig. 19) has one convex and two concave sides, and when examined microscopically, may be seen to have a double layer of strengthening cells (hypoderm) beneath the epiderm, and a variable number of resin canals in the cellular tissue of the leaf (sometimes they are wanting). The central double bundle is surrounded by a well marked sheath or endoderm. The cones are borne on short horizontal stalks in whorls, some ^little distance above the base of the shoot of the year, at about a third or a fourth of the distance from the base to the tip, as pointed out to us by Mr, Rashleigh. The delicate thread-like foliage is not well shown in the engraving of the tree, as there must have been some motion of the leaves when the photograph was taken : in fact the foliage is too fine to be accurately represented on a reduced scale. M, T, M.] Fig. ig— crosscut of a leaf of pinus patula, magn. (.SEE TEXT ) the seat of Lieut.-Colonel Tremayne, where there are three fine specimens of this rare half-hardy Pinus, They have borne female blossom and cones for some 3ears past, in clusters from two to ten in number, but no male blossom has been observed as yet. As this tree is rarely met with, it may be inter- esting to notice the measurements of the few speci- mens that are known to us in the West of England, Of the three trees at Carclew, which were planted by the late Sir Charles Lemon soon after their introduc- tion into this country, the stem measures in circum- ference— Girth at the Ground. Girth at 3 ltd from Ground. Height. Spread of Head : Diamfter. No Ft. I .. S In. 0 Kt. In. 6 0 Ft. 30 Ft. In. 5J 0 No. 2 .. 7 0 6 6 40 51 0 No. 3 •• 5 6 5 0 30 5t 0 m Ijaijto jjlattl^. ODONTOGLOSSUM VIMINALE, «. j/.* A NEW Odontoglossum of some botanic interest, in the way of Odontoglossum anthoxanthum. It has a very long peduncle, much exceeding a foot in length, with few-flowered straight racemes. Flowers r-s large as those of Oncidium gramineum. Sepals and petals brown, with curious pale, whitish-sulphur borders, and linear spots around the margin, which are scarcely to be seen. Lip with an angle at each side of the base and lanceolate anterior part, light sulphur at base, deep yellow in front. There are two thick acute catli at the base. Column pallid green, with some mauve borders at the top. Leaves linear acute, exceeding a foot in length. Pseudobulbs equal to a large hen's egg, glaucous, narrower at the top. It is a new importation of Mr. F. Sander from the United States of Columbia. //, G. Pchb, f. But perhaps the most ornamental and perfectly well grown specimen of this tree in Cornwall (though younger than others) is that now growing in the pinetum at Tregrehan, the seat of G. R. G. Carlyon, Esq. Its branches are perfect from the ground tn the leading shoot to the height of 32 feet, and the girth of its trunk at the ground is 6 feet 9 inches, and at 3 feet from the ground 5 feet 10 inches, with a head spreading 40 feet in diameter. This tree has borne cones for a few years, but no male catkins have been noticed. The accompanying portrait of the tree Manchester HoRTictJLTURAL Improvement Society. — The next meeting of this Society will be held on Thursday evening, January 29, when a paper will be read by Mr. E. GritTilhs Hughes on "Insecticides." The chair will be taken at 7 o'clock. * Odoniogiossufft viminale, n. sp. — Afl^ne Odontoglosso an* thoxaniho, Kchb, f. I'seiiilobulbo oviformi magno demiim iiiinuie ac varie luguloso ; foliis liiicaribus elongalis acutis ; pc- dunciilo clongato apice simpliciter rncemoso, recto, sc. non fractiflrrxo ; sepalis tepalisque cuneato-obloDgis acuiis paulisper iindulatis ; Inbello bast rhombeo antrorsum lanceolato caIIis geminis oblongis cra&sis antice acutis parallelis in basi ; columoa utrinque sub marginc androclinii obtusangula. — Ex U. S. Columbia allatum dicitur. H. C. Rchb,f, The Gardeners' Chronicle,] Fig. 20.— pinus patula. (see p. io8.) * IJanuaiy 24, 1885. 110 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [JANUAKY 24, 1SS5. THE BIRD'S NEST ORCHIS. The sudden and somewhat mysterious appearance and disappearance of several native Orchids, notably Ophrys apifera, Neottia Nidus-avis, and some species o( Epipactis, have not only to the casual observer but to those who have gone deeper into the subject, proved rather difficult to account for. This is, how- ever, not to be wondered at, when we consider that few tribes of our native plants are more imperfectly understood than the Orchidece. As this curious fact has been repeatedly brought under notice without eliciting any satisfactory informa- tion, the following notes, the result of close personal observation, may be of interest in throwing some light on the subject. The extraordinary manner in which Neottia Nidus-avis springs up in a single season where it was never seen in a young state, and where there had been no intimation of its existence during the pre- vious season, is no longer a mystery, for a careful examination of the rootstock has revealed the fact that the fleshy fibres, though dead at the base or end which had been attached to the old plant, are alive at the other end and gradually push forth young fibres. The plant dies down after flowering, but is thus capable of reproducing a new plant from the point of the fibres after they have fallen apart, the extreme point becoming a bud or shoot, which increases in bulk underground till it comes to the flowering age, when it grows up vigorously, dies off, and is again propagated in the same extraordinary way. From examination of various roots, and taking the size and strength of the bud or eye into consideration I am in- clined to believe that five years are required for the perfect development of the fibre from its young state to the flowering period. This, however, is on no authority, and must only be accepted for what it is worth, for, as the plant cannot be cultivated, a good deal of difficulty is experienced in arriving at trust- worthy conclusions. Would the root only increase under cultivation reliable information could then be obtained, but for my own part several careful attempts at transplanting, so that the nature of the plant might be closely observed, have only turned out gigantic failures. The plant may, when in a young state and by having a good ball of earth attached, be removed to the garden, where it will in most cases perfect the flowering stem, but as regards increasing or repro- ducing its species all attempts have l^itherto been pro- ductive of the most unsatisfactory results. As to whether all the root-fibres produce young plants I will not at present state positively, although observations tend to the inference that such is the case. Certainly the greater number do. Another point regarding Neottia Nidus-avis, which has occasioned no small amount of comment, may be briefly noticed in passing, that is, as to its parasitic nature. That it is not so careful exa- minations of the roots long ago convinced me, although the opinions of others are equally strong on the opposite side. The late Charles Darwin, in one of his works, dwells at considerable length on this Orchis, and in a foot-note attached we read as follows : — '* This unnatural, sickly-looking plant has generally been supposed to be parasitic on the roots of the trees under the shade of which it grows, but according to Irmisch {Beihd^^ zur Biologic und Morfhologie der OnhideeUt 1S53, s. 25) this certainly is not the case." Mr. E. C. Malan, who has devoted considerable time to the study of this Orchid, writes to me as follows : — "The opportunities of observing this most curious plant are certainly few and far between, for, besides its acknowledged scarcity, it does not always reappear in those particular localities where it pro- fesses to grow. I have as yet only been able to find it in one place, namely, in a small Oak wood near here. The soil there is hard, cold, uncompromising clay, which, after a short absence of rain, becomes cracked, and on the surface like stone. " I cannot say that I have been able to observe the Neottia Nidus-avis very accurately, for those plants which I placed in pots did not thrive, nor did others which I transplanted when just above-ground ever increase. I cannot say either that I have found them attached to the roots of trees, for the specimens above mentioned were free in the clay. The spot where the flowers grew in 1880 was entirely destitute in l88i, and also in 1882. But quite in a separate part gf the same wood, both this summer and last, many fine single plants were to be observed." For my own part, I could never detect any parasitical attach- ment either, although the plant is perhaps most fre- quently found beneath the shade of the Beech or Oak — the tannin matter from the decayed leaves being, in my opinion, the great secret of its growth in such places. [Mr. Webster's note is very interesting, and offers independent corroboration of German and French observations well known to botanists, but which have not found their way into Britii^h Floras. Ed.] EpITACTIS I'ALUSTRIS is propagated in a somewhat similar minner to the Neottia. The rootstock, which is composed of one thick fibre and several smaller ones, elongates each year, the point forming a bud or eye, which is destined to be the plant of the following season. From this eye, two of which are not unfrequently formed in the same year, several short roots are sent out, but between this point and the previous shoot, a distance of usually 2 inches, no rootlets are emitted. On lifting the plant I have frequently found the rootstock nearly 2 feet in length, and composed of a number of joints something similar in construction and appearance to what may be seen aboveground in our common Ajuga. Unlike the Neottia, however, the eye or bud of the Epipactis does not increase beneath ground until of a flowering size, as during the growing season numerous plants of all sizes and destitute of flowers are to be observed. Another point of difiTerence, to which it may be well to direct particular attention, is that in this plant the bud is produced from the thick rootstock, whereas in the Neottia it is formed at the point of the fibre or rootlet after becoming detached from the parent plant. I have good reasons for believing, although my investigations have not yet been sufficiently conclusive to state positively, that the tubers of Ophrys apifera will increase underground in a somewhat similar manner to the root of the Neottia, and which, if true, would readily account for the well-founded statements that have frequently been made regarding the sudden appearance and disappearance of the plant. [Well accounted for by Prillleux's account of the life-history of this plant, Ed.] That the presence of foliage or stem is by no means necessary for the per- fect development of the roots of several Orchids I have proved beyond a doubt in various other cases as well as that recorded above. In Hab- enariabifolia and some species of Orchis the tubers if deprived of stem and leaves will become as it were cumulative, and increase in size beneath ground. In the former species especially I have repeatedly proved by experiment that by removing the stem and leaves when the plant is in full flower the succeeding year's growth will be much stronger than had the plant been left unmolested. This I have also proved to be the case with the bulbs of 'some kinds of Lily and the root of Cypripedium acaule. Epipactis ovalis. It is well known that most recent writers and authorities on plants consider this but a strangely abnormal form of E. latifolia, the character of which has become altered by soil and situation. Having special advantages for studying this rare plant both in a wild and cultivated state I may be allowed to point out the wide difference that exists between it and E. latifolia, and which has led me, without hesi- tation, to regard the plants as distinct species. The first and greatest point of difference, and one which will be apparent to any accurate observer, is that the rootstock of E. ovalis is shortly creeping, the new buds or eyes being formed, one close to the old stem and the other at the end of a stout shoot, and at a distance of usually 2 inches from the parent plant. In E. latifolia the reproduction is very different, the new plant being produced alongside and quite close to the parent stem, and never at the point of the shoots. When examining numbers of the roots of E. latifolia, which occasion required when comparing it with E. palustris, I never saw a single instance in which the plant was propagated by extension of the root. , Three years ago, so as to study its nature more carefully, I transferred from the Orme's Head (one of the British stations of this plant) to my garden a plant of K. ovalis, which was placed in ordinary loam alongside a limestone boulder. The first season after being planted two stems appeared, one close to the old stem, and the other at a distance of 2\ inches. This season there were three plants, one each along- side the former stem, and a third in a direct line 3 inches from that produced last season. From the i above it will be seen that while E. ovalis approaches, in root formation, very nearly E. palustris, it is widely different from the species {E. latifolia) with which it is often associated. It is also strange that this plant (if only a form of E. latifolia) should present little or no variation in the half-a-dozen British habitats from which it has been recorded, or that (if soil and situation are the cause) when planted in good loam it does not, in some de- gree, revert to the typical E. latifolia. That it does not my observations and experiments clearly show, for although planted in good loam and a shady situation it has not increased in stature since being transferred from the denuded limestone rocks of the Orme's Head to the more congenial surroundings ol my garden, A. D. IVd'ster. (A Paper read before the Scientijic Committee of the Royal Horticultural Soeiely.) THE SCLEROTIUM DISEASE OF POTATOS. During last summer I received from Mr. Carroll, Director of the Albert Model Farm, Glasnevin, Co. Dublin, some Potato stems full of the growing my- celium of Peziza postuma. Some of this I applied to one or two Potato stalks growing singly — not as a crop — in my garden, with the view of infecting them. The mycelium appeared to die, and thinking the experiment a failure, I took no further note till, a week or so ago, noting the dead stem I examined it and found three or four sclerotia therein, not large, but unmistakeable. A second stalk in the same group had no sclerotia, and to the best of my recollection I infected but one stem of that group. The other in- fected stem I could not find. This observation goes far to show that this disease is contagious, and can be communicated from one plant to another. It is of course possible that the sclerotia might have appeared without any assistance from me, but scarcely probable. The tubers which were produced were very fine and small. If I can obtain the live mycelium I mean to repeat the experiment on a larger scale next summer. Greenwood Pirn, Jl/.A., F.L.S. [The disease here alluded to is that figured at p. 265, August 28, iSSo, and 18S3, September 15, p. 333. Ed.] CAPE HEATHS. On leaving the quaint-looking old city and environs of Cape Town, formerly settled by the Dutch in 1652, the enthusiastic traveller soon begins to meet here and there a variety of the small, handsome, evergreen Ericas, as a foretaste of whit is in reserve for him as he journeys upwards and onwards. And presuming he is one of those inquisitive persons who let nothing escape their keen observation, his progress will be slow indeed. On all sides, and especially while passing over (he long stretches of undulating country, his attention will continually be drawn towards the increasing numbers, in many varieties, of these elegant miniature flowering shrubs. And if he fortunately knows lh(ir botanical names, he will be much pleased with the winsome features he joyfully recognises, like the meeting of old companions after many years. And numbers of free growing kinds, such as Erica cerin- thoides major, from 5 to 6 feet high ; E. dichromala, from 4 to 6 feet ; E. vernalis, 6 to 7 feet ; E. Mas- soniana, 8 to 9 feet ; and E. urceolaris, 12 to 15 feet. He will occasionally meet, overtopping those of a more dwarf and compact habit, such as E. comosa, E. nigrila, E. blanda, E. petiolata, E. minima, E. elegans, and E, carnea. To specify individual kinds by name from upwards of five hundred mdigenous varieties, would give the reader but a faint idea of what they are like unless well versed in botanical nomenclature. And as he approaches the rising ground, along the well beaten path which winds up the mountain sides, further on, these ligneous gems assume a more symmetrical and sturdy habit, and if possible become more beautiful until the summit of Table Mountain is reached. After hard and persistent struggling up and along the tortuous and rugged footpath, which frequently doubles and zigzags among immense masses of de- tached rocks, through deep defiles and apparently impassable chasms, along which the purest spring water comes splashing over precipitous cascades January 24, iSS'i] THE GARDllNEkS' CHRONICLE. \\\ from near the apex, the lired pedestrian will find an inviting resting-place in a natural alcove. To his great surprise, he will then see what may seem incredible to old Heath growers who have only seen them in pots under glass — namely, low bushes of E. ves'.ila elegans, and E. princeps, flourishing with all the freedom of bog plants, in soil apparently never dry. While, ;vr contra^ E. pumila, E. densitlora, E. incana, and E, penicillata, seemed equally healthy, growing in small cracks or crevices in the fissured rocks, where it was high and dry, with only a few grains of sand to root in. The writer was completely nonplussed at the sight of healthy blooming Heaths growing upon the face of precipitous rocks, upon the sunny sides of which it was unpleasantly hot to the touch, conditions fatal to them under cultivation. Returning again to the subject, and following the ascending path, which to his intense delight will be found closely margined on each side with handsome Heaths, which absolutely cover every inch of soil possible to root in with masses of highly-prized species, the sight cannot fail to remind him of those he may have often admired at home. True there are no legends of the past wound around them, as there are about the Heath or Heather of other lands, of which the poet has often sung. Savage Hottentots and Caffres, who for ages have ignorantly wandered among them, keep no historical records ; and although no charm of romance invests them with anything prosy or poetical, they are nevertheless most intensely interesting to those who admire frutescent beauty. And whoever has enjoyed a ramble among them will not be likely to ever forget the peculiar refreshing odour arising from the myriads of pretty blossoms. And while still ascending, at every onward step brilliant colours and fresh forms of Heath beauty will delight the eye with pleasant changes, until, when near the summit, the novel sensation of passing above the fleecy clouds which externally drape the top of Table Mountain will be experienced. Even when in cloudland the somewhat stunted, though symmetrical, Heaths will still be there ; and with every possible tinge or shade'of green tiny leafage these compact little plants seem to vie with each other for the palm of grace and beauty. All of this large and interesting family .ire exquisitely bedecked with a profusion of delicate, lovely, wax-like flowers, from pure white to flesh and cream colour ; yellow, dark green, light green, orange, and purple ; red, pale red, red and green, red and yellow, red and orange, orange and purple, white and scarlet to brilliant scarlet, crimson, flame-colour, &c. W. T. Harding, in "Gardeners' Monthly." LEICESTERSHIRE APPLES. The splendid lot of Apples exhibited by Jlr. Ingram from the orchards and gardens of Belvoir at the meeting of the Fruit Committee at South Kensing- ton on the 13th inst., for which the Society's Bronze Medal was awarded, forms an excellent commentary on the remarks of Messrs. Harrison & Sons, of Leicester, in the report of the National Apple Con- gress. Mr. Ingram's exhibit consisted of thirty-five varie- ties, many of which were of an exceptionally fine character ; specially remarkable for colour and size were the examples of Blenheim Orange, which is the most popular Apple, judged as both a dessert and culinary variety, in cultivation. Peasgood's Nonsuch was also very large and fine ; this variety promises to become very popular and useful. Bramley's Seed- ling was especially noteworthy, proving how well suited this Nottingham Apple is for the Midland Counties. Finer examples of Betty Geeson, an Apple raised somewhere in Mr. Ingram's neighbourhood, we have seldom seen ; and the same remark applies to the examples of that most beautiful of French Apples, Mere de Menage. Rosemary Russet was unusually large and fine ; this is a variety in great repute at Frogmore, and was largely cultivated there by the late Mr. Ingram. The examples of Frogmore Prolific are " Ingram " Seedling. The old Caldwell, or Rymer, Tower of Glamis, Lord Derby, and Northern Greening may also be mentioned as being specially fine amongst the culinary varieties ; and amongst the dessert varieties the examples of Cox's Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin, Margil, Old Non- pareil, King of the Pippins, and others of the leading sorts were all that could be dssired. No better illustration than this of Mr. Ingram's could have been submitted to demonstrate and to prove that Apples may and can be grown in Leicestershire equal to any in the country — ay, and further, we would submit, equal and superior in some respects to .American produce. There is no question of the superiority of home-grown Apples in pojnt of quality for culinary purposes ; they have far more of that brisk acidity which is so much relished by most people. American Apples are flat and tasteless by comparison. In the matter of dessert Apples the American varieties surpass our own for the most part, having that peculiar short tender flesh that is extremely agreeable in an eating .\pples ; but not one of the American sorts is equal to our Cox's Orange or Ribston Pippins. How comes it that doctors disagree ? Messrs. Harrison take a somewhat pessimist view, and state that Leicestershire "is not a county in which Apples are grown extensively, or considered of much import- ance," and are of opinion that the " red clay " which predominates in their district is "too cold for Apphs in most seasons." The elevated situation of Belvoir renders it probably the finest for fruit culture in the county, and there can be no doubt of their receiving the very best attention as to cultivation. The Lias clay subsoil existing here is evidently well suited for Apples, especially in hot and dry seasons like the past. There is a very great deal in situation, and very great variety exists in comparatively small districts sometimes. Soils also and subsoils exert consider- able influence. But positive neglect in regard to the pruning, &c., of the trees, and to the cultivation of the land, has more to do with the miserable condition of our orchards, and the disrepute into which home-grown Apples have fallen, than any other cause whatever. Messrs. Harrison subscribe to this when they state that " the trees are allowed to grow without either manure or management." Plant more trees, cer- tainly, but plant with judgment in situations similar to those of Belvoir, and in particular pay attention to their after-management and cultivation. There are many places, not only in Leicestershire, but throughout the country, where Apples may and should be grown in far greater quantities and in better condition than they are at present. A. F. B. DR. REGEL ON THE CULTI- VATION OF PLANTS. Since the days of Sir Joseph Paxton but very few men in the gardening world have had so success- ful a professional career as Dr. Regel, of St. Peters- burg From the time of his instalment as Director of the Botanic Garden in the Russian capital, some twenty-five years ago, he has been indefatigable in his eftbrts not only to make that establishment one of the first in Europe, but also to spread a knowledge of gardening among the Russian people. Twice he has organised an International Exhibition on a very grand scale ; the second especially may be considered as having been a decided triumph. The highest per- sonages in the land have shown him every mark of favour and encouragement. His biography and portrait were published some four years ago in one of the most extensively circulated illustrated papers of the capital ; and during the last ten years especially his books have increased in number, and have passed through many editions. Some of these are small treatises on the cultivation of Raspberries, Currants, Strawberries, and others, ranging from 15 copeks (about dd.) upwards. One of the latest of these small books refers to the cultivation of fruit trees on walls and espaliers, and it may be considered as timely enough, for such modes of cultivating fruit trees are almost unknown in this country, where nobody has an idea of an enclosed fruit garden kept under lock and key. So far as I have seen, at least, fruit trees and forest trees grow together, and no kind of efTec- five enclosure exists. Dr. Regel has therefore done well to write this treatise, for apart from the technical question of choice, planting, pruning, and training, it is quite clear that something must be done with respect to enclosures and the general arrangement of a fruit garden. No other writer in this country has so much authority on this subject as Dr. Regel. But though his pen has been prolific enough during the last ten years, it is not my purpose to notice in detail all the smaller publications ; my present object is chiefly to consider the merits of one which is allowed to be his most popular work among all intelligent amateurs in Russia, viz.. The Ciillivalion and General Trtalment of Plants in Rooms. Most people might think that such a matter would scarcely occupy more than a modest treatise, but Dr. Regel's work is a book of two good-sized volumes, extending to over 7C0 pages. This book Dr. Regel very appropriately dedicates to his friend and patron. General Greig, as a tribute of gratitude for the unfailing help and encour- agement which that powerful Minister has always all'ordcd him in his various undertakings. It would be a long and fruitless task to enumerate all the subjects that are treated in this book, the "contents " at the beginning of the first volume alone occupy no less than four pages, and in making a cur- sory analysis of the material employed I am involun- tarily led to the conclusion that the author musH have lost sight of the object originally aimed at. Amateurs who have a garden and greenhouse with a certain number of frames will find this book very useful, but most of those who live in towns are not likely to derive so much benefit from it. No doubt all that Dr. Regel states is quite true. The same things have been said many times belore, and it is only fair to infer that they will be repeated, with more or less variation, a good many times more. But the most enthusiastic lovers of flowers and plants will not consent to turn their saloons into regular greenhouses. They have something else to do with cellars and larders than store them with plants in winter, and there are but very few, if any, who would like to make a material change in the windows of their drawing-room in order to grow or propagate favourite flowers. Most people are quite satisfied to have a certain number of fine plants in their rooms near the windows, so long as they do not interfere with mirrors, curtains, statues, pictures, and other ornaments of fashionable dwellings. And if ladies and gentlemen do not keep a gardener who can attend to their window plants, they are generally guided by the directions of the gardener or nurseryman from whom the plants have been bought. For the most part a few explanations about watering, ventilation, and cleaning, are all they require for their own guidance, the rest they willingly leave to a professional man. Now Dr. Regel sets out, apparently with the conviction that all he states is not only quitenew to his readers, but that all his direc- tions admit of being strictly followed. Everything relating to the cultivation of plants is carefully and minutely described. Everything that gardeners take years to learn in nurseries and private gardens is elaborately treated in this book — to enlighten refined people how to keep a few flowers and plants in their saloons. Upwards of one thousand genera or species are enumerated in the Latin index of one volume only. There are many respectable, gardens in Russia at least, which do not contain so many. The author is, no doubt, aware that the great majority of his readers are not likely themselves to undertake most of the operations which he has described at length, such as the composition and preparation of soils, planting, and sowing, &c. Still what is stated is quite correct if anybody requires such information. The quality and longevity of seed has received much attention, and a great many inter- esting facts have been brought together. There are some people who have not the slightest idea as to how Ferns are constituted and propagated. I have known one or two myself who, though other- wise intelligent and well informed, really believed that the spore-cases were so many filthy insects. I once even found an old peasant (a gardener) who affirmed that that was quite true. Dr. Regel, very properly, does not leave this subject unnoticed. At the same time I think he might have been much clearer. It would have been well, for instance, to give figures of one or two fronds, showing the arrangement of the spores at the back, and the distinction between fertile and barren fronds, male and female. This is a subject on which he might have enlarged to great advantage without making it very special. One of the most interesting and instructive parts of the first volume is devoted to some explanations respecting the distinctions between genera, species, and hybrids : the author points out how new varieties are obtained, and shows how amateurs may derive a fund of real pleasure by crossing one species with another, and watching the result. But on this sub- ject Dr. Kegel seems to have introduced a new word to the Russian language, that of bastard. This word in English jurisprudence means an illegitimate child, and thoughit passes current among gardeners I think it ought not to be used in a scientific work, especially as the word hybrid [ponucee) is sufficiently expressive. If the learned Doctor is fond of introducing new or foreign words into the Russian language he has a very wide range. Many thousand such words are already 112 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 24, 1885. naturalised, and no doubt many thousands more will be added in the course of time. A language like the Russian always admits of being much softened, modulated, and improved, and for scientific termino- logy in particular there is still something to be done. In botany, for instance, there is not a definite and distinct term for species, that employed by botanists (jiid) has at least twenty different meanings all more or less expressive of view, form, aspect, appearance, &c. Now, as Dr. Regel has introduced the word bastard and one or two others, it might be worth his while to consider whether it is not possible to find a more precise term for species. About the end of the fourth chapter, Dr. Regel has a good deal to say about the different parts of the flower. This lesson in elementary botany and the physiological process of fructification is intended to prepare the amateur for the work of hybridising and obtaining different varieties by crossing. It is a very learned chapter, but I fear not many of those who study it will find it easy in practice. A long chapter of about thirty pages is devoted to all the various other modes of propagation, such as cuttings, budding, grafting, layering, &c. Of course this is a subject which would exhaust a whole volume, but Dr. Regel has wisely confined himself to a certain limit, and I think most people will find that quite sufficient. Respecting glass cases, such as the famed Wardian case, the author has a good deal to say, and even mentions that the first was introduced by Mr. Ward, of Clapham Rise. Dr. Regel employs a word which I have not noticed before, that of Terrarium as differing from Aquarium, and whatever its merits may be as a new terra it is certainly more euphonious than his translation in Russian of the Wardian case. I think, however, such cases do not require so much attention as he advises. It is one of the chief merits of such cases that by the principle ol evaporation and condensation the plants inclosed in them will thrive well enough for a long time without either ventilation or watering. We all know that plants sent from distant countries in closed cases arrive in England after a voyage of several months not only quite fresh but even sometimes in flower. The patterns which Dr. Regel has figured are well known, and pretty enough, and such modes of growing a certain number of plants in a saloon are much to be recommended. Now, with respect to watering in general, this seems to be a subject which most amateurs find it very difficult to learn, and yet it is one of the most important in the cultivation of plants. Dr. Regel has treated it at length, but I cannot conceive that such large pumps and syringes as he recommends can ever be employed in an elegant drawing-room, I shall close for the present. P. F. Keir. PROTECTING POTATOS. In your issue of Nov. 22, 1884, I see that, in the experiments on protective moulding carried out at Chiswick, "it soon became obvious to the experi- menters that Mr. Jensen's proposals would prove very costly to carry out, and that, as a matter of practice, the grower for market would have to face the problem whether, as a mere matter of cost the gain would be worth the candle." Will you allow me to observe that protective moulding by my system is carried out in many (I think I may say in thousands of) farms in Denmark, both by the means of the hand hoe and by means of a plough constructed for the purpose, and that up to the present time I have not heard the objection raised that this moulding is very expensive. As a matter of course in large fields the plough must be employed. I have before me now as I write an account from a Danish farmer in which it is stated that it took one and a quarter days for a man and a horse to mould up an acre of land {English measure) in the way designed by me. I suppose that at the very least it would take three quarters of a day to mould an acre of land in the common way ; if so, the diflference would be half a day, which for a man and a horse cannot, I think, be reckoned at more than about 4r. (in Denmark it would cost less than 3^.), so that at all events it does not cost much more to high- mould by means of a plough than to perform the moulding in the common way. But in reality I think the difference will be even less, or none at all, if, as it ought to be, the protective moulding be done before the time of flowering, when the plants are not high enough to incommode the plough ; for in the case above referred to the plough was fre- quently stopped on account of the size of the Potato tops. It is true that the ridges must be made much higher than in the case of ordinary moulding, yet all that is required is that the earth-cover on the uppermost tubers should be about 3 inches thicker than that produced by the old system of moulding. Again, it must be remembered that protective mould- ing shall be performed from one side only ; this is a very great advantage, since it will save the man and the horse half the distance. Finally, it must be remembered that on account of the greater distance between the rows, which is rendered necessary by the protective system, the cost will be essentially reduced both as far as the planting, moulding, and lifting are concerned. Therefore, all things well con- sidered, I think that the protective system may be carried out not only as cheaply, but undoubtedly even more cheaply than the common system of Potato growing. As for hand-moulding it has been experi- mentally stated by the Societe Nationale d'Agricul- ture de France that high-moulding costs in that country 40 francs, or about 13J. per English acre. What the cost of hand-moulding in the common way is I cannot tell, but at all events it is evident that the diflference, if any, can be of but little prac- tical consequence. J. L. Jensen^ 162, Gamh Kom^eveJ, Copenhagen, F., Dec^ 13. FASCIATED MEDLAR. The specimen from which our illustration (fig, 21) was taken was forwarded to us by Miss Owen. It will be seen that the fruit is curved like a ram's horn, and presents some forty calyx teeth instead of five. The explanation is that a tuft of perhaps eight flowers was in all probability formed in place of the ordinarily solitary flower, that these eight flowers in- stead of becoming separate in course of growth re- mained in union, or, as it is said, adhered one to another. The spiral twist is accounted for by the much greater and more rapid growth on one side, where growth was possible, than on the other, where it was necessarily restricted. But to be sure as to the way in which these malformations are brought about one ought to see them in their earliest stages and trace their growth onward. FRUIT NOTES. Beurr£ Bosc Pear.— The Beurre Bosc is a Pear to which I give my unqualified praise. It is large, pyriform, a little uneven, tapering long and gradually into the stalk, and of a rich delicious perfumed flavour. It bears singly, and not in clusters, looking as if thinned on the tree, whence it is always of fine size. It is a good and regular bearer ; the fruit as it ap- proaches maturity is subject to the attack of flies and wasps. This is rather remarkable, as they rarely or ever touch any of the other sorts of Pears that grow close by them. It should be grown as a standard. It grows freely, shoots long, brownish- olive ; season in use, from the beginning of November to the end of December. It was raised, I believe, by Van Mons, and named Calebasse Bosc, in honour of M. Bosc, a distinguibhed Belgian cultivator. Having been received at the garden of the Horticul- tural Society of London under the name of Beurre Bosc, Mr. Thompson, I understand, thought it best to retain this name as less likely to lead to a con- fusion with the Calebasse, a distinct fruit. M. Saul, York. Apple, Golden Spire. I can fully endorse all that has been published in Fruit Notes at p. 16 of Gardeners' Chronicle in favour of this most valuable Apple. Five years ago I was favoured with a number of Apple scions, then considered to be the leading varieties of the day. Having grafted all on the free stock, and with care and special attention, my results have been that Golden Spire has yielded two crops of good fruit, considering age and size of tree. Several of the others have rewarded me with one solitary fruit, therefore I have no hesitation in saying that the free stock is the proper one of this sort. Its keeping qualities are so good that it is usable long after Christmas. I doubt not that, wherever it is grown, it will soon become a favourite, as all who have seen it here were quite pleased with its habit of growth and the beauty of its fruit. D, VVilkie, Sun- drum, Ayr, Late Gooseberries Trained on EbPALiERS. Some of the best late varieties of these have such a drooping habit that they seldom make good bushes, the fruit lying in many cases within reach of rain splashing spoils the fruit. The following method of growing and training will amply repay for the trouble it entails, considering the facilities it affords for netting, to keep the fruit until the end of August and September. A shaded part of the garden or north border is a good situation for late Gooseberries. The soil best suited for them is a deep strong loam, which should be trenched 2 feet deep, working in plenty of good rotten manure. If a north border, say 15 feet wide, it will take five tows at a yard apart longitu- dinally, fix the wires for training 4 feet high, using iron posts at the end or straining posts let into stone with a stay to each : the intermediate posts can be of light iron with two legs, or if desirable use 4 inch Oak posts with Larch intermediate. A light gauge wire answers better than a stronger one, it does not require so much straining. Place them 9 inches apart. Plant either one or two-year- old trees that have not been cut back. One foot apart is a good distance to plant them. Let them grow as they like the first season, then cut them close down to the ground ; the result will be one or two strong shoots that will nearly reach the top of the trellis, then train either upright or diagonally, and after they are established lay m a young shoot each season to replace the old ones. Another method is to put in cuttings where they are to remain, and fix the trellis afterwards when established, only fork amongst them lightly, and top-dress with good rotten dung in autumn for mulching in summer. The grass from the lawns is excellent for the purpose : it keeps the ground cool, prevents the fruit from being splashed with heavy rains ; since using the grass, commencing with the first cut in March and letting it lie on 4 inches deep in summer, I have not been troubled with caterpillar. I should not like to say that it has kept it off. If it does make its appearance use Helle- bore powder, dusting it on when the trees are damp. It is a certain cure. Some of the best late varieties are Red Warrington, Slaughterman, Ploughboy, Yellow Leader, Rumbillior, Leveller, green or white ; Whitesmith, Pitmaston, Green Gage, Anta- gonist. Wyesids. A House of Grapes in January, It was very common during the summer and autumn months to read of the splendid crops of Grapes in vineries at different establishments, but it is not so common to hear of them in the month of January. In one of the divisions of the long range of vineries at Long- ford Castle the Grapes are now in splendid condition. The Grape which takes the eye on entering this house is Roberts' Gros Guillaume, producing, as it does here, splendid bunches, ranging from 10 lb. to 12 lb. in weight, well proportioned and well coloured. Some of the smaller bunches of this variety are very elegant, quite models of what a bunch of Grapes should be, being about 18 inches in length from the wood to the tip of the bunch, with no shoulders to tie up, and the berries all of a size, large, and sufficiently thick, so that to all appearance the bunch would pre- serve its form if laid on its side. It will probably be in the memory of some of your readers that in this establishment the variety Gros Guillaume and Bar- barossa appeared distinct, but not sufliciently so to class them as distinct varieties, and Mr. Ward decidedly gives the palm to Roberts' variety. It was sur- prising to me to know how these huge clusters are preserved from damp through the dull, foggy weather through which we have lately passed. To all appearance not a damped berry has yet been cut out. Other varieties are equally good, viz., Gros Colmar, Mrs. Pince, Lady Downe's, and Alicante. There were many bunches of these from 2 lb. to 4 lb. in weight, well-coloured and handsome bunches. There were in the fruit-room some excellent bunches of Trebbiano and Muscat of Alexandria, especially the latter, and it would appear from the appearance of the two varieties named that the last-mentioned would run the other hard in its keeping properties, and if so there is no question as to which is prefer- able and best flavoured. C Warden, The Gardens, Clarendon Park, Salisbury, TRADE MEMORANDUM. The address of Samuel Hawley, lately carrying on business at Forest Gate, is asked for. January 24, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. "3 fHE "Pf^OPAQATOR. ROOT PROPAGATION OF HARDY PEREN. NIALS. Year by year, as the winter season comes round, the propagation of almost all classes of plants is reduced to a minimum, and none more so than hardy perennials. By the adoption of root cuttings, how- ever, we are enabled to increase at this season of the year many good and choice plants which either do not flower sufficiently early with us to ripen seeds, or which are slow to produce cuttings. In either of these two cases the system of root-propagation is of great value, inasmuch as the root cuttings inserted now, or up to the end of January, will make really good plants by the middle of June, and there is no great amount of skill required in carrying out the work, and which may be briefly described in a few words. Where large stools of the plants I shall hereafter cite exist, one or more, accord- ing to the number of plants required, should be lifted, the roots carefully removed with a sharp knife, and, being duly labelled, taken to the potting shed. In the root-pruning process use sufficient discretion as not to permanently injure the several subjects which are destined to be operated on, for it is great value is this : presuming we have a fine bed of seedling Gaillardias, much varied as they are sure to be in colour, among them are soms exceptionally fine forms, but the seeds cannot be depended upon ; amidst so many of inferior quality and growth cuttings are of little value ; in this case we may mark the good kinds, lift them in autumn, and by the ensuing spring have a nice stock of selected kinds. By this very means I was enabled some three or four years ago to increase the stock of a very fine variety with flowers 4 inches across, which to ray mind was a step in the right direction. Plants that can be Increased. I will now briefly describe some of those plants which lend themselves to the process of root propa- gation, excluding those which produce stoloniferous growths in quantity. The first genus is the Acanthus, a stately and ornamental group of perennials, suited either for the large rockery, the border, or for isolated specimens on the lawn. Any and all of these are easily reproduced in the above way, the three most distinct being A. latifolius, A. longifolius, and A. spinosissimus. Anchusa italica, a highly decorative Boragewort and a free seeder, is a telling border plant. The largest roots of this miy be quar- tered if required, and all will break from the top on the birk side. The next genus, that dividing of which any spare roots must be carefully preserved, for the stock of this plant on this side of the Channel will never be too great. In passing, the genus Senecio next presents itself, containing some remarkable and fine decorative plants. The finest and probably the best of the group is S. pulcher, which, while being among the most difficult to increase by means of seeds, breaks with unequalled freedom from root cuttings. Another fine member of this genus is S. japonica, also called Ery- throchcete palmatifida, a desirable and ornamental foliage plant, having lax panicles of golden-yellow flowers ; it is uncommon, and should be increased. In specimen form, its distinctly palmate leaves on petioles 3 feet in length, have an unique appearance ; indeed, it may briefly be stated to be distinct from any other plant. The Slatices, or " Sea Lavender," are the next most important group of which the species and varie- ties may be readily increased by root cuttings ; the sime remark may be applied with equal force to the tender species, e.g.^ S. Holfordii, S. profusa, and so on. In close alphabetic order is Stokesia cyanea, a plant deserving of far more extended cultivation, seeing it is one of the few bits of blue among late autumn perennials. As a rule it is not easily increased by division, owing to the tufted or conglomerate growths on the root-stock. It makes abundance of roots, Fig. 21.— fasciated medlars, (see p. 112.) not impossible to carry it to such an extent as to kill the plant outright. The next thing to be done is to cut the roots into lengths of from i to 2 inches, keep- ing the roots in straight lines, and so prevent their becoming reversed before being placed into the soil. Any good ordinary vegetable soil will be found to suit the purpose, making it rather sandy. The cut- tings may be inserted in pots, pans, or boxes, in the ordinary way, excepting that in this case the apex of the cutting only shall be visible, the remaining por- tion being buried. After the cuttings are inserted they may be plunged in gentle bottom-heat among stove plants, or be placed under the stages in the greenhouse or stove — anywhere, in fact, where they will receive slight warmth till they show signs of life, when they must be removed to cooler quarters and receive more light ; when large enough, pot them as required, placing them in pits and frames, and keep close till new roots are formed. It will be seen at a glance that there are no great secrets contained in the foregoing remarks, and in this the writer concurs ; indeed, the only secret really is in the knowledge of those plants which not only readily submit to the process but pay for the trouble. For example take the Japanese Anemones, which occupy a position second to none among autumn- flowering plants. No one would think of sowing seeds of these who wanted plants quickly, in prefer- ence to root cuttings, Gaillardias, Another case in point where root cuttings are of of Anemones, or Windflowers, is an important one, and is propagated for the most part by dividing the tubers ; but for such kinds as A. alpina and sul- phurea together with a A. Pulsatilla, which root deeply, root cuttings may be depended upon as making good plants. All the forms of A. japonica may be increased in this way, indeed in this case it is the best possible means. Next in order are Doronicums and Echinops, both good and useful, and possessing some interest- ing and ornamental species, also Eryngiums, a group well known among perennials, most of which are highly ornamental foliage plants. Now we come to Gaillardia, to which I have previously alluded, apart from which we have few genera possessing such ex- cellent free flowering qualities, highly decorative and profiise flowering to a degree, valuable as cut flowers, and indeed so good are they that I feel sure they have a great future in store. The next plant to which I shall refer is Jaborosa integrifolia, an uncommon plant somewhat, having large tubular white fragrant flowers which nestle amidst its mass of deep green leaves. Though for the most part free seeders and generally rooting freely from cuttings, it will be nothing lost to remember that CEnothera macrocarpa and QI. mis- souriensis come freely from root cuttings. The same remark applies to the Eastern Poppies, Papaver orien- tale and Its numerous forms, in which I include P. bracteatum and others closely allied. The genus Primula is next, and while many species may be had in this way, it must here give place to seeds, one solitary case excepted, and that the double crimson, Primula acaulis rubra plena, in moving or however, and almost every particle will grow if treated as described above. All the Symphytums may be propagated in this way ; but, as decorative plants, it will only be necessary to select the best variegated forms. Many others might be enumerated ; in the present note, however, I have merely men- tioned those for the most part which do not exhibit any tendency to break from the root unless assisted in this way ; others there are, such as Harpalium rigidum, Zauschneria californica, with some of the Achilleas, that produce stolons so abundantly as to soon overgrow their neighbours if allowed so to do. This is especially so with the first and last-named, and some Asters ; but as these suggest all that is needed to keep them in bounds, I will not make further comment here, E. Jenkins. FLOWERS IN STAINED GLASS. [The following note refers to the representation of a Tulip in the centre of a window of the chancel of the church of Tolleshunt D'Arcy, Essex, and a tracing of which was kindly sent us by Mr. R. M. Christy. The flower is white, shaded reddish-brown, and the glass is doubtless of Dutch origin, and possibly rather more than two centuries old. Similar flowers are represented in Dutch glass, to be seen in the Canter- bury Museum, the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and elsewhere. In the present instance the Tulip has evidently been inserted amid fragments of glass of much earlier date, and containing heraldic cognizances 114 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [jANltARY 24, t?85. of the D'Atcy family. As to the Tulip it is a flamed Byblcemen. Ed.] Mr. N. H. J. Westlalte, F.S.A., author o( A History of Design in Fainlcd Glass, writes as fol- lows : — " The*e is no difficulty about the portion of canopy-work and the bouget. From 1400 to 1425 would probably be their date. It is, however, hardly possible to give an exact date without examining the glass itself. This refers, even more especially, to the Tulip, which may have been done at any time from A.D. 1500 to 1SS4. The probabilities are, however, that it dates about Dutch William's time. The enamel system of painting on glass was much cultivated in Lucerne in the sixteenth century, and in Holland and Flanders later on. It may, therefore (if ancient), be from Holland, and of the time of William ; but, as I have said before, it is impossible to assign a certain date without examining the material and pigment." Mr. F. Chancellor, a good ecclesiologist, and the architect for the diocese of St. Albans, writes of the portion of canopy worlc, that he imagines it to be of late fifteenth century work. The water-bouget he considers of the same age, and believes it to have been the badge of the Bourchiers, Earls of Essex, who were slightly connected with the D'Arcy family. The Tulip, Mr. Chancellor says, puzzles him very much. He adds " It looks more like a drawing of the nine- teeth century than of the sixteenth," and he intends to go and see it to clear up the doubt. The Rev. Robt. Vernon Ottley Graves, Rector of Tolleshunt D'Arcy, writes : — " I am sorry that I do not know more about the Tulip than I now send you. It has been there as long as people remember, and the window in which it is has for a long time been known as the 'Tulip window.' The fragments of glass you noticed round it are of a very much older date un- doubtedly. I should think that the probable explana- tion of its (the Tulip's) presence there is that it was brought over from the coast of Holland by some of the refugees who fled from France at the time of the revolution of 1792 — or, possibly, even at the time of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes — and by them or their descendants, got placed in the church, among fragments of older glass, of which there used to be a great number that have, of late years, disappeared. It is unlikely that a representation of the Tulip, whose cultivation in England dates from compara- tively recent years, would have been produced by native talent, therefore the probability that it was brought by one of the refugees who, at both of the above dates, came in large numbers to that part of Essex," where their descendants may still be found. ACCLIMATISED CEDARS. I SAW lately in the Gardenei's'' Clironitle an account of some Cedars that had been successfully transplanted to this country, but I have not heard of an instance of cones proving fertile. In the neighbourhood of Inverness, N.B., there is a property which belonged to the late J. B. Fraser, author of the Persian Ad' venfurer, the Kttzzill'ash, &c., and who acted as interpreter for the Persian princes on the occasion of their visit to this country some twenty or thirty years ago. He brought home some Cedars, and planted them in his garden. It is not known exactly when, but they have thriven remarkably well. In July, 1S7S, I led a field club to the garden, and I have just corae upon memoranda made at the time as to the Cedars at Reelig, a copy of which may be interesting to your recent correspondents : — "The number of the Cedar trees in Reelig garden was thirty-three. Nothing of a certainty can be said as to when they were planted, or from whence they were brought. The tallest — of which a few are about the same height — may be about 60 feet. The largest girth within i foot of the ground is 13 feet 6 inches. The next largest similarly girthed, 12 feet 9 inches ; girth of largest branch on said tree, 6 feet I inch ; extent of ground covered by largest branches on said tree, 87 feet 10 inches." The cones were well developed, as large as a good-sized Apple, but the gardener told me he had never succeeded in raising plants from the seed. " Cedrus Deodara in the garden : — Height about 36 feet ; girth within I foot of ground, 7 feet 3 inches." I can give little or none of the history of the C. Deodara. I am told it had been planted by Mr. McCallum, present gardener at Greisachan, ani which may have been about 1840. IV. C, Inverness. Ampelopsis sempervirens. This will not cling to a wall, and it, therefore, will require to be fastened on or to be intermixed with some other plant that the tendrils can cling to. Its proper place seems to be over a rockery or similar place, but I have never seen it cling to a wall yet. Trails of it are very useful for decorations in winter, but it has very little in common with A. Veitchii. Wyeside. \\\ leiibaqeous «oi[dei[. HELLEBORES, &c., AT BROCKHURST, DIDSBURY. It was with the idea of seeing Mr. Brockbank's Christmas Roses at home that I found my way to Didsbury recently, and was agreeably surprised with much besides them to interest one, even at such a dull time as the present is, in the open ground. But of course it is not every garden which contains within such an area so much to charm, nor was there any- thing which in the least was opposed to good taste ; and, although I had never before seen the place, the conclusion was forced upon me that, go when one would, there was a vast amount of interest centreing there. But, to come to the Hellebores : they were simply astonishing. As Mr. Brockbank grows them everybody must be fascinated therewith ; I should think in sufficient numbers to stock two or three nurseries, represented in many sizes, and under vary- ing conditions ; you meet with them everywhere — in the beds and borders, on sloping banks, in small flat beds in the wild garden — indeed, when one would have thought the stock had all been reviewed, from many a nook and corner they greet you j all those in flower protected with cloehes, or covered with sheets of glass supported upon pegs fastened in three stakes, or small lights. The most abundant are II. altifolius and H. angustifolius, sometimes called the " Brockhurst " variety, and synonymous with Mr. Burbidge's "St. Brigid's " variety. This, I believe, Mr, Burbidge now admits. H. altifolius is synonymous with H, maximus of many gardens and nurseries, but not of all. It is much the earliest, many of the plants being nearly over, but sufficient were in flower to show one what they were, and had been : large and beau- tiful, some of the flowers measuring 5 inches across, most of the peduncles carrying two flowers, most of the foliage looking very strong and healthy ; although Mr. A. Mottershead, the excellent head-gardener, informed me in this respect they were not so con- spicuous as at other seasons, owing, he presumed, to the late excessively dry season. The variety H. angustifolius was abundantly crowded with its white blossoms ; some of the clumps will produce over a hundred flowers ; some in pots were carrying from sixty to eighty flowers each. As seen here one feels convinced that this is a variety that will be much sought after. These fine clumps had, I understood, only been planted four years, and at the time of plant- ing they were but small pieces — indeed, so well do they grow at Brockhurst that small single buds cut from the base of old stools, put in two years since, have now several good flowers. There are beds of II. angustifolius which have only been planted twelve months, and as in my experience after being dis- turbed, they present anything but a satisfactory appearance j but the second season they recover themselves, while those which have been planted three seasons are in full healthy condition. Many growers unacquainted with them are sadly disap- pointed with the outlook the first season, but about which there is no reason to despair ; it may be taken as a sure indication that they do not like being often disturbed. The soil at Brockhurst is light and blockish, but inclined to become clogged ; consequently Mr. Brock- bank finds it necessary to add sand and leaf-soil lor the Hellebores; in addition to this it is deeply stirred, most liberally manured at the time of plant- ing, and in the autumn the surface is well mulched with sawdust thoroughly saturated with stable- manure, which seems to be the very stimulant— or shall I say the right larder ?— for them ; other than this they do not appear to receive any special treat- ment. It seems pretty evident the stable sawdust is the chief factor in the production of such luxuriant foliage and fine large flowers. Several other species and varieties of Helleborus are encouraged, some of which were in flower ; con- spicuous was H. abchasicus, with its purple-red flower-buds subtended by the green foliaceous bracts j and the variety purpureus, with extremely pretty purplish flowers, the inner surface of which is espe- cially beautiful, H. fcetidus, H. duraetorum, II. guttatus, H. argutifolius, and several hybrids, are now in or about to flower, while several others will be in flower later on, the whole forming an interest- ing series. R. COMMELI.MA CtELESTIS. This favourite of many of our forefathers appears to be in great danger of becoming a much neg- lected plant, if it has not already found its way into that category ; and yet the beautiful clear blue of its flowers should make it a favourite, added to the fact that it is not difficult of management, As it is a true herbaceous perennial, the roots can be wintered when the stems die down, much as Dahlias are preserved. They should be lifted with care if they are growing in the open ground, so that their fleshy spindle-shaped tubers be not injured, and planted or potted entire in spring. In warm southern localities the roots can be left on the open ground all the winter if a heap of ashes or some kindred material be placed over them. During the growing and flowering season a rich light soil should be given them. The type ccelestis, and its white variety, alba, can be propagated by means of seeds, which can be procured without difficulty, and by dividing the roots in spring after being placed in heat to break in growth. R. D. |rcl|t(l JUolfS and lloninris. O.RCHIDS AT MESSRS. LOWS, UPPER CLAPTON. The best and most interesting feature during the winter season is the large house set apart specially for the culture of Phalxnopsis. The lovely P. amabilis is just coming into bloom ; the best varieties of this the " (^>ueen of Orchids " are very lovely. P. Sanderiani is also in flower ; it is a very distinct and beautiful species— the pale rose or lilac tints of the sepals and petals are distinct from those of Schilleriana or any other. There seem to be hundreds of plants of thii fine kind established and starting into bloom. P. leucorrhoda was also in flower ; this and the very pretty P. casta are supposed to be natural hybrids from the same parentage, but crossed in different ways. Messrs. Low consider that the first-named is between P. amabilis as the seed-bearer, and P. Schilleriana as the pollen-bearer ; while P. casta is the reverse of this. Doubtless the pollen-bearer has the most influence in determining the character of the flowers. In the Cattleya-house the advanced guard of Cattleya Trian.-e and Dendrobium Wardianum are just opening their flowers; a succession of the latter can be kept up for five months. A variety of this useful winter flowering Cattleya is very pale, almost white, and the flowers of large size. The pure while forms, and those with rich crimson blotches on the labellum, are the most esteemed ; but between these there are many varieties of rare beauty. The cool-houses are still filled to overflowing with Odontoglossums. A few pretty hybrid forms are to be found amongst them, and occasionally a well- formed, richly spotted variety of U. crispum ; and amongst the importations of O. Iriumphans the hand- some O. tripudians was flowering. There is a good importation, in one of the warmest houses of Vanda Sanderi,ina, but this handsome novelty will never be plentiful ; it seems to be diffi- cult to get at, and not easy to import. The true V. in- signis is also plentiful, and no collection should be with- Jani'aky 24, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 115 out Ihis distinct and richly maiked species, now that good plants can be obtained at a guinea each. J. D. Barkekia elegans. On referring to the Gardcnui' Chronicle, vol. xiii. , n. s., p. 72 (January 17, iSSo), our readers will find a ligure (15) called Barkeria cyclotella, which accu- rately represents Barkeria elegans, as exhibited by Mt. Phillbrick at South Kensington on the 13th inst., when the Floral Committee awarded a First-class Certificate. Professor Reichenbach described Barkeria cyclotella in terms which do not entirely agree with the figure, the spotting of the column and lip being somewhat discordant from the learned Professor's description. The drawing shows a spotted column and a white lip, with deep blotch in the centre of the anterior portion. Barkeria cyclotella has a dark lip, with a white spot, instead of a white lip and dark spot, and is without the spotting on the column (" columna immaculata "), so that the drawing repre- sents B. elegans and the letterpress describes B. cyclo- tella. At p. 716 of the same volume (June 5, iSSo) the error is corrected, under a notice of a representa- tion of the plant attributed to its right name, B. elegans, in the F'oral Magazine, t. 394. From the remarks of Professor Reichenbach, he seemed to desire further information, but that the plant from Mr. Phillbrick's garden is the true old B. elegans admits of no doubt ; its appearance excited keen interest, and it was at once identified by Mr. B. S. Williams and Mr. Dominy, neither of whom remem- bered to have seen so fine a variety, Vanda insignis. An evergreen with two rows of closely-packed, recurved, strap-shaped leaves, and numerous flowers loosely disposed in erect axillary racemes. Each flower is 2 — 2\ inches across, with spoon-shaped seg- ments, yellow, heavily blotched with reddish-brown spots. The .lip ;is contracted above the white base, and expands into a deep reddish-violet cup-shaped limb. It requires the temperature and moisture of the East India-house. Orchid Album, t. 172, Cattleya dolosa. Referring to a paragraph on p. S3 of the last number of the Gardeners' Chronicle, your corre- spondent Sir Charles Strickland will find figures and a full description of Cattleya dolosa, by Professor H. O. Reichenbach, if he refers to the number for April I, 1S76. I flowered it first in October, 1S74, and again in 1S75 and 1S76, from a batch of plants received from Mr. Linden a few years before under the name of Cattleya sp., from Minas. John Day, Orchids at Mr. J. E. Bonny's, Downs Park Road, Hackney Downs. The collection of Orchids at this neat and model establishment fully bears out all the encomiums that have been passed upon it by those who have had an opportunity of inspecting it. The houses are rather small, but, as the space is limited, and every corner and passage is utilised for the growth of these interesting plants, the size is not so obvious. Having many opportunities of attending sales at the great auction marts in the city Mr. Bonny has made good use of them, and many fine pieces have thus been secured, which otherwise could not have been obtained so cheaply. But the buying is only one part of the matter, and by far the easiest, the successful culture and satisfactory flowering being of greater difficulty. Here, however, it would seem that this has all disappeared, as the collection all through is very healthy and vigorous, and sheaths and spikes are abundant and strong. Mr. Bonny is a great advocate for baskets and rafts. This is perhaps to be expected, and that it is the best method for many Orchids the condition of the plants here amply testifies. Cattleya citrina on rafts hanging close to a wall is in excellent health, making growths of a clear glaucous hue, and many just showing for bloom. Other large pieces in baskets are equally satisfactory. Oncidium Marshallianum, too, is growing strong. This is one of the most showy of the genus, but is often killed by permitting the spikes to remain too long on the plant. O. cheiro- phorum is here flowering most beautifully, its neat compact spike of small bright yellow flowers making it an object of interest. O. concolor, O. nubigenum, and O. Rogersi are also in good heart. O. curtum, O. Gardnerianum, and O. macranthura are growing vigorously. The Cattleyas and L;dias are exceptionally fine, that grand species O. Mendelii being represented by scores of specimens in fine condition, splendid in colour, and with numerous sheaths. Remembering something of the first plant of this that ever bloomed, a natural liking for good pieces of this is, perhaps, pardonable, for there is no gainsaying the fact a good C. Mendelii is one of the finest Orchids in cultivation. C. Sanderiana, on blocks, are growing well ; many C. gigas, amongst them C. Triana; in quantity, also. A fine lot of the dwarf compact C. Regnelli, on rafts, are rooting and breaking freely. Culogyne cristala I.emoinana is represented by many nice plump- bulbed plants. This is a veritable gem, and should be found in every collection of Orchids. L. pur- purata and L. elegans are numerous and good ; C. speciosissima, on blocks, is doing well. In Pro- menxa citrina and P. stapeloides we found two old friends seldom met with now, but still pretty and pleasing to those who may have made acquaintance with them when the Messrs. Loddiges, of Hackney, grew and flowered them so successfully. Here, too, are many fine plants of Zygopetalum rostraturo, on blocks, growing well and some showing flower ; one plant, with ten leading growths, is exceptionally strong. Mr. Bonny has certainly hit upon the right method of culture with this sometime difficult grower. The Phalsenopsis here deserve mention. The leading varieties are grown into fine specimens, whilst some of the lesser forms, as Lowii and tetraspis, &c., are not overlooked or neglected. Cypripediums, too, are well done ; that trying species, C. concolor, does well on a narrow shelf close to the glass, treated to abundance of water for a good part of the season, and never allowed to get dry ; it is now flowering nicely. C. niveum, C. Spicerianum, C. Dominianum, C. ciliolare, C. l^vigatum, with the leading sorts, are all of them in robust health, and of a splendid dark green colour. Aerides, Vandas, and Saccolabiums, are doing nicely ; the specimens, however, of these are not quite so large as those of the Cattleyas, Lxlias, and Dendrobiums. Large numbers of plants suspended from the roof are in excellent health, the roots protruding through the baskets, though in many cases they are treated to but a very small quantity of moss or Peat. Coryan- thus macrantha on rafts are thus managed, no soil cf any sort being used ; the plants, however, are grow- ing freely and strong. A careful inspection of the various operations necessary to their culture, and a particular regard to the temperatures of the various divisions, more especially that the night readings are kept as low as can safely be done, has secured for Mr. Bonny one of the healthiest collections of Orchids it has been my good fortune to see for some time past. W, Swan, Fallowfield. MARKET GARDENING. At no time has it been more needful for tenants who hire land for purposes of cultivation to ex- tract therefrom the largest and best crops possible than at present. Whilst farming proper languishes, growers, who may be more properly called market garden farmers, nevertheless, generally hold their own. As a proof of the exceedingly depressed state of the farmer it is computed that no less than 60,000 acres of good corn land are bidding for tenants in this county of Essex alone. Nevertheless, market garden farms, which are lands lying in an extensive area round the metropolis, are still very highly rented, the mean charge for rent being an average of £'i per acre ; indeed, instances occur where the price approaches nearer to £$. It will be seen, therefore, that very superior annual crop returns must be made to main- tain a tenant's banking account against this first high charge, with its excessive additions in the form of tithes, rates, transit expenses, salesmen's commis- sion, &c. Very advanced theories are suggested by modern agitators regarding the "rights" of individuals, and suggested desirability of parcelling land out into minor holdings, &c., this being advanced as a panacea for many existing ills. No more fallacious suggestion can be made. Old-established growers only hold their own by very careful attention to necessary " change crops," or a needful rotation, based on long experience of what is desirable, in reference to each space of ground, past and contemplated future markets, and seasons pait, present, and future. These, added to the monopoly won by such experience, prove an all but insurmountable obstacle to all who would desire to obtain a "living" from an acre or two of land only devoted to vegetable growing for market. In a word, the smaller the grower's capabilities the more is he handicapped, and readers who contemplate competing under pressure of such disadvantage will do well to hesitate. Past experiences of private gardens, and more inti- mate recent knowledge concerning market garden (arming, have shown me how much the gardener may yet learn from the latter. Superficially thisfact is readily shown by examination of the contents of private gat- dens generally, and the results of more extended larm culture, as represented at the several metropolitan fruit and vegetable markets throughout the year. Far too generally an old ruleof-thumb practice is adopted whereby certain limited quarters in private gardens are devoted year by year to their familiar thinly clad crops, consisting mainly of not more than two, during the twelve months, much time being lost, not only as regards space, but also in connection with a possible rapidity of succession. The calendarial date for sowing and planting is, in fact, misleading. Calenders are well enough for the uninitiated amateur, &.C., but masterminds should not be curbed by such restraint, as future details in re- ference to special and separate crops and cropping will show. Plough and Si'Ade. Whilst the market-garden farmer depends exclu- sively on plough-work and cultivation, private growers use of necessity the spade, or its equivalent, the digging-fork. Spade husbandry is considered the best of the two. Judging by results, however, the diff'erence cannot be so great as imagined, eUe why should the very best vegetables result from plough culture ? No matter what subject we examine, whether it be Beans, Cauliflowers (as witness Veitch's Autumn Giant, which markets annually teem wilh). Savoys, Cabbages, Colewoits, spring and autumn Onions, Carrots, Parsnips, Brussels Sprouts, &c., all afiford proof ; and yet the plough is, by comparison with the spade, to say the least, a shallow cultivator. Where are we to find an explanation for this fact? On the one hand exists spade labour— deep, thoroughly manipulated culture ; on the other, ploughed up ground, comparatively shallow, simply turned over in united ribbon lengths, and superficially disintegrated, or harrowed, and forthwith planted. Our highly worked, frequentlydug, spade-husbanded gardens, are too freely chopped down, broken up into minute particles by hand labour. Bulk of soil or clods are destroyed, and their coherent properties destroyed to such a degree that the firm roothold necessary does not exist. Nature nowhere unduly lightens up this plant- root abode so as to destroy this mechanical con- sistency. We have here, therefore, anything but a misleading finger-post. Fallen leaves, the Jcliris of decayed portions of vegetation, feed the surface-soil, worms bring maiden lower strata to the surface, but generally a medium firmness exists where tree and every form of seedling plant grows and thrives, The firmness of soil-culture of market gardens may therefore advantageously be copied by privat* growers. Market-garden farmers prepare their manures specially for the soil. They turn over their heaps of light straw, stable sweepings, &c., once or twice, as the case may be, until it becomes the best of its kind when in admixture with soil for immediate root-food. This is done always, regardless of the outlay, which is very considerable. In private gardens this is rarely or never done ; certainly garedners use up old Cucumber, Melon, or forcing - frame manures. These are generally dry, however, and greatly wanting in the high-class nutriment the above manures possess. It would be a great gain to mix the old frame manure, all fresh green manures, and cesspool emptyings together, and, as is the case with the market gardener, apply them to the land when made properly " short," without— and this is very important — any undue or excessive heating in process of fermentation, which, to say the least, is destructive of the best form of nutriment for roots and permanent enrichment of lands. William Earley, Ilford. {To be continuedl) ii6 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Qanuary 24, 1885. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Monday, T-. nfi / Sale of 5«io LiUum auratum and other jan. 20 I Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms, {Special Sale of Orchids in Flower, at Pro- iheroe & Morris' Rooms Clearance Sale of Greenhouse Plants, at The Vineries, Wood Green, by Protherae & Morris, r Sale of Roses, Fruit Trees, Bulbs, &c, at r^n -,0 3 Stevens' Rooms. J an. 2B.^ 5^,^ ^^ Lilies. Roses, and Bulbs, at Pro- f theroe & Morris' Rooms. Sale of Imported Orchids from Mr. Sander, THURSDAY, Tan. »5 { ^j s,^^^„^. K„„„5, Jan. 30 I Sale of Imported Orchids, at Prothcroe & Morris' Rooms. THE desirability of employing English Names for Plants has been once more brought uniler attention by Mr. Wm. Miller.* At the request of Mr. W. Robinson, the Editor of the Garden, and at his expense, Mr. Miller has compiled with care what is the most com- plete dictionary of the kind hitherto published, and for this he has won the thanks of all horti- culturists. The retention of the old, or the adoption of new names is a matter in which the general run of gardeners, who care much for the beauty or utility of plants, and for little or nothing besides, will decide for themselves — as they have every right to do. But those whose interest in plants lies much deeper — the students of the family history of plants, the investigators of the machinery and of its mode of action, and even those whose concern is purely of a com- mercial character, will find — have found— that they have no choice in the matter. The botani- cal nomenclature is sometimes repulsive and offensive to the scholar, incomprehensible to the unlearned ; but for all that, once it comes to a question of serious study or business, away go the popular names. Why is this .' Surely, it might be argued, our own language is suffi- ciently expressive — surely we ought to retain and even cherish the old names handed down from our Saxon forefathers, made dear to us from their association with the language of au- thorised versions of Holy Writ, the sweet songs of Chaucer, the touching notes of Shake- speare, the homely strains of Burns, or the learned lyrics of TENNYSON— the last-named more thoroughly abreast of the science of the day perhaps than any of his predecessors were. Well, we shall retain them, whether we will or no, and cherish them, too ; but we must put them to their proper uses, and those only. As illustrations of the history of the language, of the habits, thoughts, and feelings of our pre- decessors, we shall surely retain them. For their sympathetic associations, for the appeals they make to some of the purest and best sentiments of our nature, they will be respected in the future as in the past. But for every- day use, in the library, the herbarium, the laboratory, the field, the garden, the office, these popular names are an embarrassment and a nuisance. Those who have to use these names most frequently know it but too well. Any one who for any serious purpose has occa- sion to deal with plants very soon finds out that the balance of advantage lies unmistakably with the " barbarous, uncouth, repulsive," but nevertheless wholly indispensable system of botanical nomenclature. And the reasons are obvious. When the plants known in gardens might be counted by the score, or at most by the hundred, and when accuracy and minute determination were not as essential as they are now, a comparatively small number of names sufficed, and these might as well be English as not. But now garden plants are numbered by thousands. The old names will not fit the new-comers, and who will undertake to coin new ones, or, having coined them, will have power to enforce their adoption .' Gardening Tva§5-^happily, one qualification of science in general ;"i^4nay be national, but it is cosmo- politan also. "Ev^y day makes it more so. * A Dictianary of English Names of Plants, ... By William Miller. London ; Murray. The intercourse of the botanists is with the coun- tries of the whole civilised world, that of the gardeners is daily extending to Germany, Hol- land, France, Belgium, Russia. These are all countries with which our gardeners have in- creasing concern. The " barbarous, uncouth, repulsive" nomenclature is understood by all these people, even by the Japanese. Are we, then, to complicate matters by sticking to our own vernacular, and leaving these outer bar- barians to find out what we mean as best they can ? That game can be played at by two persons, and if the Japanese horticulturists choose to retain their own system of names — no doubt as venerable, as poetic, as sympathetic as our own — we cannot find fault, however much inconvenience we may experience. But the one great objection which dominates all the rest is the vagueness and want of fixity of application of the popular name. If a plant in popular language is called a Rose, a Laurel, a Lily, a Thistle, a Cedar, an Aloe, a Box, a Myrtle, a Fir, a Pine, a Reed, a Rush, a Daisy, a Primrose, a grass, a Syringa, ay, even a Cabbage, it is most probable that in the great majority of instances the name is wrongly applied— applied, that is, to plants which do not respond to their names. It is only need- ful to turn over the pages of the dictionary before us to see countless instances of this. Take, for instance, " Cabbage," this might stand very well in a general sense for the Latin equi- valent Brassica, but we find from the list before us at least nine other genera called Cabbage and not all Crucifers even, for one is a Saxifrage, and another is an Aroid ! We should not prefer to have leaves of Symplocarpus cooked for Cab- bage ! And this leads us to speak of another most serious objection to the use of popular names for other than popular purposes. In inany cases the confusion and vagueness of application is of no great moment : the sciolist is satisfied with them, he wants no better ; the botanist — even the amateur botanist — can generally find out what is meant, and so no harm is done beyond the loss of a little time. But the case is different when Aroids are mi.xed up with Cabbages, the aromatic Bay (the true Laurel) with the poi- sonous or " common " Laurel, which, by the way, is a Cherry and no Laurel. Instances of similar confusion attended with the greatest inconvenience occur in the commercial no- menclature of timber trees, the Deals, the Firs, the Pines, the pitch Pines, the Rosewoods, of which latter Mr. Miller enumerates twelve widely difterent trees, neither of them, it is needless to say, being a Rose. The invaluable Gum trees (Eucalyptus) are in a similar state of confusion, a confusion mainly created by the haphazard, unsystematic way in which the colonists have done what they thought proper in their own eyes, and named things so that it is impossible for others to know what is meant. Such illustrations, and we might multiply them by the score, are sufficient to show the extreme inconvenience for commercial or business pur- poses of an unauthorised system of nomencla- ture, one amenable to no rules, and destitute of any but fanciful significance. By the side of the serious inconvenience that arises from the use of popular names, other things are of less importance, and, indeed, afford amusement, as in the endeavour to ascertain by what cross circumstances a Helianthus, already provided with a good English name in Sunflower, should be called a Jerusalem Artichoke, or the tree of Jud;ea (Cercis) get converted into Judas Tree by the saiiie process that converts Hoary Morning Apple into Honeymoon, or the Josephine de Malines of the pomologist into the Joseph-on-the-Palings of the costermonger ! Mr. Miller, in the work before us, endorses the view that good native names are rejected in favour of some Latin name through mere con- tempt of homely things and affectation of novelty. We greatly doubt the truth of this statement ; when homely things are dealt with, homely names are used— Onions, Cabbages, Carrots, Apples, Pears, Vines, Lettuces, and the like. With a pretty large acquaintance with botanists and gardeners, we never remem- ber to have on a single occasion heard these plants spoken of by other than their popular names, unless when the occasion expressly demanded the use of the scientific name, so that the accusation of scholastic pedantry and social pretension seems rather void of foundation. The compiler of the volume before us, in his advocacy of popular names, turns round upon the botanists for their long lists of synonyms ; and there is much to be said on this score, but there are, what Mr. Miller overlooks, syno- nyms and synonyms ; some are the mere out- come of differences of individual opinions, others are evidence of insufficient knowledge, defective materials, or careless workmanship. It does not much matter, for instance, whether a Silver Fir be called Abies or Picea, but to call a true Pine, like the Scotch, a Fir, or to call a Cherry a Laurel is a much more serious matter. Mr. Miller is unfortunate in the book he cites in illustration of the evils of synonymy. There are, it is true, a dozen or more synonyms quoted in Gordon's Pinetinn for many of the trees mentioned by him, but there is nothing to show whether the author had any grounds at all for his use of them. For aught that appears his relegation of so-called synonyms to par- ticular species might have been effected hap- hazard, by guesswork alone, and without the comparative study which is expected of authors. This may have been, as it frequently is, un- avoidable, but then the fact should have been stated. No one working after GORDON could take upon trust his synonymy, but must work it out for himself. But this very fact illustrates the reason why, in the competition between popular and so-called scientific names the latter survive, the former tend to disappear. For the names of the botanist — and for the synonyms that unfortunately encumber his lists, chapter and verse can be cited— Gordon failed to do this, or to tell us how he arrived at his conclu- sions, and his synonymy is consequently next to useless. But the synonyms of the botanist, when properly authenticated and verified, how- ever objectionable from some points of view, are landmarks of history, signposts of progress, indicating by what gradual and conscientious, sometimes painful processes the truth has been arrived at. Popular nomenclature owns allegiance to no laws but those of the Lord of Misrule— it may be harmless, it may be amusing — more often it is mischievous, sometimes it is dangerous — it does not concern itself with the truth. Botani- cal nomenclature, with all its faults, is regulated by code — it is a means to an end, and that end the pursuit of truth. Mr. Shirley Hibberd. — Deep sympathy will be felt by horticulturists and frientjs for Mr. Hibberd in the sad catastrophe which, as will be seen by reference to our Obituary column, has befallen him. Messes. Veitch and Sons.— Mr. Harry Veitch has, we learn, received a Royal Warrant appointing him nurseryman and florist to the Queen. Her Majesty has also permitted Messrs. Veitch to prepare and present the bridal bouquet on the occa- sion of the marriage of H.R.H. the Princess Beatrice, This is the eighth time in which the firm have had a similar honour. " LiNDENiA."— Under this heading it is pro- posed to publish in monthly parts a series of coloured plates of Orchids, comprising many out of the 900 species discovered or introduced by M. Linden. The first part will be issued on March 15, and it will form tosome extent a continuation of the Pescalorca, which is now scarce ; woodcuts will also be given. The new publication will be issued under the auspices of the Compagnie Continentale d'llorticulture of Ghent. JANDARY 24, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 117 Society Journalism. — Always in the worst possible taste, generally false, and too often malicious, it is to be hoped that this pestiferous form of litera- ture, which had begun to invade journals of reputed respectability, will suffer a check to its further development from recent occurrences, The Tardin des Flantes.— We have re- ceived the annual list of seeds collected for exchange by the authorities of the Paris garden. The list occupies fifteen large quarto pages, each of four columns, so that the number of seeds ofllered is very large. Applications for exchange should be made without delay to M. le Professeur Cornu, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 27, Rue Cuvier, Paris, present time in the market a consignment of Custard Apples (Anona). As in the case of most tropical fruits in this country, Ihey do not bear out the high character given them in countries where they can be eaten under more favourable conditions. Under the quite erroneous name of Granadillas are also to be seen in the market the egg-shaped, orange-coloured fruits of Cyphoraandra betacea, which may be eaten as Tomatos. Seeds for the Microscope. — Messrs. Carter & Cu. send us a little assortment of " seeds for the microscope," but they are mostly so large as readily to be seen by a pocket lens. There is a vast amount of beauty in seeds, and we have no doubt is evergreen, firm and rigid in texture, amply clothing the stems and branches. There is a figure of the plant in the Botanical Magazine, t. 46SS, and a good sized plant flowers regularly in one of the octagons of the Temperate-house, Kew, Continuity of Protoplasm. — At a recent meeting of the Boston Natural History Society, Dr. G. L. Goodale, of Cambridge, read a short and instructive paper on the " Continuity of Protoplasm in some Vegetable Tissues," in which he stated that all the recent discoveries on this subject had been con- firmed by the students at work in his laboratory at Harvard College. He said that by the new process of staining it had been proved that delicate threads Fig. 22.— a MEXICAN pine (pinus patula), grown in Cornwall, (see p. ioS.; M. Severeyns. — This gentleman, on the proposition of the Minister for Agriculture, Industry, and Public Works, has been appointed by H.M. the King of the Belgians a Chevalier of the order of Leopold, in recognition of his services to commerce and science as a lithographer. M. Severeyns is the chromo-lithographer by whom most of the coloured plates of this and of some other gardening journals have been executed. Snowstorm in Malaga. — The snowstorm in Malaga on the i6th lasted three hours. Such a fall of snow has not occurred since 1S61. The frost and snow have entirely destroyed the Sugar-cane crop in the 'province, as well as damaged the plantations of Oranges and Olives. Covent Garden. — Those on the look-out for curiosities for the dessert-table will find at the Messrs. Carter would have no difficulty in im- proving on the idea they now originate. For one thing we might suggest to them the foundation of small collections of authentically named grass seeds, and seeds of pasture weeds. Such collections would be valuable for reference, and would form desirable acquisitions in rural schools and agricultural colleges. Vaccinium erythrinum. — The specific name, implying red, is here very appropriate, and applies, not only to the flowers, but to the whole of the young foliage, the shoots, and to the nerves of the leaves even in an adult stage. The flowers are deep brownish-red, and rather freely produced at the ends of the branches, in one-sided racemes. The species is a native of the mountains of Java, and accommodates itself accordingly to greenhouse tem- perature, where it keeps up a succession of bloom for many weeks during the winter months. The foliage of protoplasm run through the cell walls and that the cells are not always separate, as previously thought. It has also been proved that protoplasm can escape through a thin, unbroken cell wall, as was previously suspected. These discoveries all go to prove Stras- burger's generalisation, that all the protoplasm in a plant may be connected to form a whole. Coal. — At 50 leet below the surface a uni- form temperature of 50° occurs, below which an in- crease of 1° for every 60 feet of depth takes place, so that at 4000 feet a temperature of 116° is obtained, one which, according to an article in Nature, renders the working of coal mines at that depth commercially unremunerative. The output of coal for 1881 was calculated to be sufficient to build fifty-five Great Pyramids, or to rebuild the Great Wall of China and add a quarter to its length ; while the total output for thirty years would build a column 9 feet 4 inches in ii8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 24, 18 diameter, which would reach 240,000 miles high, the distance of the moon from the earth ! Cattleya Trian.e. — Mr. James sends us a bloom with two additional lips. The sepals are normal, as also is one of the lateral petals ; the other petal is developed as a lip like the normal one, which is present in the usual place. A third smaller lip is placed in front of the column, in the position occupied by the solitary stamen of the inner row of three, potentially present, but actually abortive. The ovary is altogether wanting. Royal Horticultural Society.— At the ensuing annual meeting the following changes in the Council and officers are proposed : — For President, in the room of Lord Aberdare, .Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P. ; and as members of Council Hon, and Rev. J. T. Boscawen, Colonel Trevor Clarke, and W. T. Thiselton Dyer, Assistant Director, Royal Gardens, Kew, in place of Lord Aberdare, Lord En- field, and the late Mr. Mangles. The election of Sir Trevor Lawrence will be hailed with acclamation by all horticulturists, who will rejoice to find the Presi- dent's chair once more filled by a thorough horticul- turist. The new members of Council are also men of the best stamp, and will be welcome acquisitions. To the newly formed Council we may in every confidence look for every efiort to be made to secure proper meeting-rooms, offices, reading- tooms, and quarters for the Lindley Library. Massachusetts Horticultural Society. — A meeting of this Society was held" at Boston on January 3, President MoORE in the chair. The President delivered his inaugural address, in which he first paid a tribute to his predecessor, the Hon. Francis Hayes, the first President of the Society, who had died in office. Mr. Hayes was energetic in the performance of all his duties, a good manager of the financial affairs of the Society, an excellent pre- siding officer, urbane and courteous, and an enthu- siastic lover of trees and plants, and everything per- taining to rural life. His country home at Lexington was fast becoming one of the notable estates in the suburbs of Boston. The founders of the Society, who have passed away, were remembered with gratitude by the President, who said that their successors, who enjoy the benefit of their labours, hold a trust which they are bound to improve for the good of those who come after them. At the same time we should not forget the debt of gratitude that we owe to the living, among whom the venerable ex-President, Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, who has devoted a long life to the advancement of horticulture, and who in his green old age is as interested in new fruits, flowers, and methods of cultivation, as a young beginner, was specially mentioned. The weekly shows of the Society have, during the past year, been better and more fully attended than usual. The four large shows, for which a small admission fee has been charged, have, under the energetic management of the committee of arrangements, proved more success- ful, not only in the quantity and quality of the exhibits, but in a financial point of view, than in previous years. The appreciation of the exhibitions evinced by the public has been most gratifying. Horticultural Clui!.— The usual monthly dinner and conversazione took place at the rooms, I, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on Tuesday the I3ih inst. Amongst those present were Mr. John Lee, Chairman ; Dr. Hogg, Rev. F. H. Gall, Messrs. Cousens, C. T. Druery, and L. Upcott Gill. Mr. Druery exhibited pinnce of Alhyrium Fdix-fcemina claris- sima, illustrating his recent discovery upon that Fern of the hitherto unknown phenomenon of "Apospory," i.e., the formation of archegonia and antheridia upon prothalli originating, not in the normal way, from the germination of spores, but by direct vegetative outgrowth from the fronds, like buds. An interesting discussion took place on the whole subject. The annual dinner of the Club will take place on Tuesday, February 10, under the Presidency ot Mr. John Li:e, and, as it will be the tenth anni- versary, a large attendance of members is expected, Scuticaria Steelii.— The most striking and characteristic feature of this plant is the long pendent twig-like leaves, often attaining a length of 2 and 3 feel, or even more, They are of a dull glaucous green, about the thickness of a good-sized quill, with a channel on one side, representing the upper surface. They arise singly, and appear con- tinuous with the apex of the excessively short stems on a branching rhizome. The short peduncle supports a solitary, large, and showy flower. The sepals and petals are pale yellow, blotched all over with deep dull purple. The large labellum is of a creamy- yellow, and beautifully striped with purple, and pos- sessing a large bright yellow crest situated towards the base. The plant is figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 3573, under the name of Maxillaria ; but the plate scarcely does justice to it, owing to the limited space for the foliage. It is a native of Guiana, and may be seen in the Orchid-house at Kew. The only other known species, S. Hadweni, differs in the very much shorter, erect or arching leaves, and in details relating to the flower. The National Chrysanthemum Society. — The annual general meeting of the members of this Society was held at the "Old Four Swans," in Bishopgate Street, City, on Monday, the :9th inst., when there was a numerous attendance of members ; E. Sanderson, Esq., President, in the chair. The annual report, which was read by the Secretary, Mr. W. Holmes, set forth that it was the thirty-eighth report and balance-sheet, that the first year of the National Society had been most successful, that the show in November last at the Royal Aquarium was the largest yet held, over 3000 blooms having been staged ; that the establishment of a Floral Committee in connection with the Society had answered well ; that a scheme for the affiliation of suburban and pro- vincial societies had been promulgated ; and that donors of special prizes had increased in numbers. The recepts from all sources for the year amounted to just over .^300, the expenditure reached this amount, excepting a balance ^i 6i. 6J. carried forward to next year ; of this sum over ^200 had been paid in prizes. The membership of the Society had increased in a remarkable manner, from 140 in 18S3, to 260 in 1SS4, The following officers were then re-elected :— Mr. E. Sanderson, as President ; Mr. R. Ballantine, as Vice-President ; Mr. ]. Starling, as Treasurer ; Mr. W. H0LM£s, as Secretary j Messrs. Drain, jun., and Crane, as Auditors ; and thirty-six members were elected on the General Committee. The appoint- ment of a Floral as well as of an Exhibition Com- mittee, and also of Judges at the Annual Show, were referred to the General Committee. A Schedule Sub-committee brought up a report recommending a few material alterations in the schedule, and a general augmentation of prizes in the leading classes. The class for a group of Chrysanthemums in pots covering a space of 100 feet is divided into two classes, one for incurved varieties only, the other for Japanese vatities only, and these will now be restricted to 60 square feet. The leading class for forty-eight blooms, twenty- four incurved and twenty-four Japanese, is also divided, and now forms two classes, one for twenty- four blooms of incurved varieties, the other for twenty-four Japanese, the prizes being in each ,{^10, £6, £i,. Several alterations of a less important nature, but not less useful in their results, were also made. Several special prizes were ofl'ered for various objects, among them for stands of single Chrysanthemums, also for English raised seedlings, and Mr. W. CuL- l 1 ngford has placed at the disposal of the committee the sum of ten guineas, to be awarded in prizes for late-flowering Chrysanthemums, the competition to take place about the second week in January. This was considered a step in the right direction, and a supplementary exhibition will be arranged, probably at the Royal Aquarium, early in 1SS6. It is also intended that the sittings of the Floral Committee shall take place in the afternoon instead of the evening, as heretofore ; and it is probable the meet- ings will take place at the Royal Aquarium. Among other novel features to be introduced to the schedule of prizes will be a class for the new Anemone-flowered Japanese Chrysanthemums. The result of the year's operations, and the enthusiasm which prevailed at the annual meeting, appeared to amply justify the Society in ceasing to be local, and taking on a national character. A Birmingham Naturalist. — The Linnean Society never has more than twenty-five Associates on its roll of members. Not only is it an honour to be elected an Associate, but the honour is all the greater, inasmuch as no one is elected who has not done some really good work in at least one branch of natural history. This honourable distinction has lately been conferred on a much-respected Birming- ham man, Mr. jAMiiS E. Bagnall, who, at a meet- ing of the Linnean Society last week, was unani- mously elected an Associate. Mr. Bagnall is one of the \'ice-Presidents of the Birmingham Natural History and Microscopical Society, of which he has for something like a quarter of a century been one of the most useful and hard-working members. He has devoted his principal attention to the study of botany — structural and systematic. Years since he won for himself a name as a bryologist. He has always been a ready helper to young beginners, and many local botanists have benefited by his assistance. Many of his contributions have appeared in the scientific journals. His most Important published work is the latest and by far the best Flora of IVantncl-.liire, which has appeared by instalments extending over several years in the MiJlaitd Naturalist. This important work will, we are informed, shortly appear, in a thoroughly revised form, as an inde- pendent publication. Mr. Bagnall has achieved his success as a scientific man in the leisure hours of a working life spent in one of our large manufactories, where he has been as "diligent in business " as he has been diligent in observation and study when the day's work has been finished. Apple and Pear Exhibition, Exeter. — It is finally arranged to hold an exhibition of ths above on October 22 and 23 for the year 18S5. The number of classes are considerably increased, also many of the larger prizes to both trade and private growers. With the additions, the experience acquired by the late exhibition, and ample time before them to make their arrangements, the committee anticipate that a large and successful exhibition will be held. The committee at their last meeting presented their Hon. Sec, Mr. Pengelly, with a very handsome clock, as a mark of their appreciation of his labours in connection with the late exhibition, as to him in a very great measure was due the success of the under- taking. Chinese Primulas of Recent Raising.— Seven beautiful varieties of these favourite winter flowers have been sent us from Mr. Bull's estab- lishment, Chelsea, which have colours and size of an unusual character. The colours range from rosy- purple through lilac and flesh-pink to pure white. P. rosea llore-plena is destitute of any eye, but has small malformed petals standing erect in the centre. P. filicifolia striatiflora is also a faint pink with crimson dots. P. punctata elegantissima is purple-rose with a large extended bronzy central patch, the whole bloom being spotted with white ; P. albo luteo-oculala is like the second named, but the eye (yellow) is an inch across ; P. violacea is a tiifle darker than a Neapolitan Violet, the petals delicately margined with white ; P. rubra is a very massive bloom of rich colour, and scarcely any eye ; and P. alba is good, having a pentagonal orange eye, Nottinghamshire Horticultural and Botanical Society.— The annual meeting of this Society was held at the Mechanics' Institute, on Wednesday, January 14, Mr. Edmonds, Head Gar- dener, Bestwood Lodge, in the chair. The report of the committee and the balance-sheet were read and adopted. Votes of thanks to J. Manning, Esq., J. P., as President for the past )ear ; the Auditors, Messrs. Field and Sibley ; the Treasurer, Mr. C. Pear- son : the Chairman of Committee, Mr. .\. Paige ; and the Honorary Secretaries, Messrs. Don and Steward, were passed. The election of T. B. Cutts, Esq., Malvern House, as President for the ensuing year, was carried unanimously. As one-third of the com- mittee annually retire, the following were elected : — ■ Messrs. Anderson, Bush, Bardell, Harvey, Locker, Gadd, Clements, and the Honorary Secretaries. A vote of thanks to the Chairman for presiding brought the proceedings to a close. Gardening Appointments. — Mr. W. WiniuiERLEV, late Gardener to the Countess of KlNGS'iON, Mitchelstown Castle, has been appointed Gardener to Sir Philip de B. Gkay Egerton, Bart., Oulton Park, Tarporley. — Mr. Robert Wil- son, late Gardener to the Karl of Desart, Desatt House, Kilkenny, succeeds Mr. Wmiuuerley, at Mitchelstown Castle. — Mr. F. Day, for the past five years Fruit Foreman at Lockinge, has been appointed to succeed Mr. Thomas as Gardener to Colonel Sir B. LovD Lindsay, K.C.B., V.C, M.P,, Overstone Park, Northampton. — Mr. F. J. TnoRNEas Gardener to Mrs. MoRisoN, Ilampworth Lodge, Downton, Salisbury. Jan'Uarv 24, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 119 lants aiul i\\t'\\ m\\[\\\t STOVE RULnOUS PLANTS. The Gloxinia is now, without doulit, one of tlie most popular plants grown. Where these are valued the first batch should be started without delay. Select those that have had the longest rest for this purpose, shake them out of the soil, and repot with fresh compost. A light friable loam and good peat in about equal proportions, with a liberal addition of silver sand and a few handsfut of bone-dust, will be found to suit their requirements. If a good sample of leaf-mould is at hand it may be substituted for the peat, or a portion of it, and a few bones crushed small can be placed next the drainage in lieu of the bone- meal. If any of the tubers show symptoms of shrivelling and do not feel so plutnp and firm as they should do, they had better be placed in a pail with some lukewarm water for a short time before being repotted. At this early period of the year they had belter be placed in a brisk temperature, and near the glass, to prevent drawing of the stems. After having been once watered to settle the new soil, be cautious in giving water before active growth begins, but afterwards, and through their flowering stage, they should never become quite dry. Seed Sowing. Where the stock of Gloxinias is somewhat short, a pinch of a thoroughly good strain of seed should be sown at once, ^\'ith the great improvements that have been made in the quality of the flowers during the past few years no cultivator need now possess an inferior strain. Seed sown now will produce flower- ing plants by the end of June ; some of the stock will continue to furnish successions to the earlier ones, and carry the flowering season well on into the autumn. If the requirements are such as to need flowering plants late in the year, then it will be better to sow again in a few weeks time. Caladiums. Among all the varieties of this beautiful foliage plant few are more useful than C. argyrites in supply- ing materials for decorative purposes either as a small pot plant or in the cut stale. Where a healthy lot of good sound bulbs is at command a portion may be shaken out and repotted at once, then, if given an extra amount of heal they will soon start into growth. A few also of the best coloured varieties may be started gradually ; they will afl'ord bright and cheerful tints at a time when there are not so many flowering plants in season. James Hudson, Gun- nersbtiry House Gardens, Acton, W. going trees. In most cases this house will comprise trees planted out. Kig trees under these conditions are in some cases in restricted borders confined within brick-wall boundaries, which certainly are very inellective barriers, as the roots will go through them and so defeat the purpose for which they were made. I find the best mode to deal with such trees is to provide a solid basis beneath the trees, to have a border about 6 feet square and 2 feet deep, and to confine the old roots to this mass only ; outside it may be added 2 feet of fresh border, into which the fresh young roots will run readily, which, wilh the roots it contains, should be removed annually in the early autumn months and be replenished wilh a similar compost for the ensuing season. These means are calculated to somewhat restrict the growth, accelerate the ripening of the wood, and provide the roots wilh the nutriment necessary to obtain a good crop of fruit and finish it oil perfectly. The tempera- lure in this house should range from 55° at night to 60° or 65° in the day, and 70° lo ijo' when sunny weather prevails. Late Houses. The disrooting and adding of fresh compost, if not completed, should not be further delayed. The trees should be cleaned, taking care not to injure any fruit if it be in an advanced slate. See that the borders are made thoroughly wet at this season also. G, T. Miles. pFJUIT^ -yNDEF} 'CJLA33. FIGS. No trees, in my opinion, are so well adapted for early forcing as those which have been cultivated in pots for a series of years, and attained a good size ; and no method better than the plan of having in the house or pit a bed of Beech or Oak leaves to give a little warmth throughout the season, and also to induce the roots from the pots to take hold and per- meate it by the time the fruit is ripening. Trees of this description which were started a month ago at a temperature of about 50° at night and 55' or 60° during the day, will now be showing fruit and break- ing forth into leaf. As these growths proceed they should be stopped at an early stage at about the fifih leaf, and where too thickly placed some should be removed to give room for those remaining to develope properly. The atmospheric state of a house under the foregoing conditions will be such as not to need much syringing, and at this season it should only be done when the trees and surrounding surfaces have become dry ; an artificial temperature of 60^ daily should be maintained, and by natural influences from 70° to So'*, with air admitted so long as it will keep up to 70°, when the place should be shut up. Succession Fig-house : Borders, Now is a good time to begin forcing another division to come in after the first crop from the fore- THE AURICUL.^S AT DIDSBURY. These are wintered in small cold frames, which may be considered "models" for the work. They are 3 feet wide, so there is no difficulty in attend- ing to the plants, and they have a sharp pitch ; the divisions separating the lights are stout and deep ; as it is by an ingenious yet simple adaptation of these that ventilation is effected. There are in each two round holes, one at the upper the other at the lower end, and in which stout round pegs can be placed when the light is raised, and upon which the latter rests when air is necessary'; hence, when it is only desirable to admit air from the top of the frame the top pegs are put in,' and vice versA. When desirable that a current should pass over the plants all the pegs are put in ; and a current of air passes between the light and the plants. Another great advantage is, the lights may be pushed up and down without disturbing the pegs as they easily slide over them : hence the great superiority over the old method of tilting the lights with blocks. The plants are raised near the glass upon boards, and they are the very picture of health. I should say there are nearly a thousand plants, mostly large, and some very fine indeed : for example, those of John Simonite, than which we have never seen better ; the same may be said of Colonel Taylor, Prince of Greens, and indeed of all the leading varieties. The collection is remarkable, because it is enriched by the stock of the late Mr. Tom Mellor, many of whose selfs are turning out very satis- factory, Mr. Brockbank holding the entire stock of several excellent varieties, although such stock in some instances is very limited. I may mention Lord Rosebery (Mellor), which gained the premier award at the Manchester show last year as a red self of no mean rank ; there are also Miss Brockbank, Cymbaline, Mrs. Heap, and others, very desirable and uncommon in their way, and there are others lo follow, as active progress has been made in crossing these varieties with others, and the progeny will be watched with enthusiastic pride. Late-flowering Chrysanthemums. Much the greater part of the work which the raisers of new flowering plants set themselves to do seems lo be in one direction — that is, obtaining varieties that will bloom earlier. No one is likely lo object lo the bringing into existence of varieties that will lengthen the blooming season of any desirable plant, whatever it may happen lo be ; but it might not unreasonably be urged that it would be belter if the work, so de- sirable in itself, was more evenly directed — that is, to Ihe obtaining of later flowering sorts that would come in after all existing kinds were over. This especially applies to Chrysanthemums, which from their natural disposition lo bloom during the late months of the year, and their adaptability for decorative purposes, cutting included, may be said slanil unequalled to an extent Ih.tt causes a blank when they are over such as other kinds of plants that succeed them only par- tially fill. Of late years many new sorts have been raised, and old ones hunted up, that come into bloom during the latter part of the summer, or even earlier, at a time when there is no lack of material in the way of other flowers lo choose from. Independently of their being then unneeded, there is somehow or other a feeling attached to these early flowerers that they are before their time— forecasting prematurely the waning season, with its fogs and dreariness, which comes soon enough without any reminder. More, we suspect, through accident than design, there are in existence a few varieties of this useful flower that bloom after the time when the greater portion are over ; but might not more be done in this direction by saving seed and raising from these late sorts ? So that those who have not an unlimited amount of glass wherein to grow other things more diflicult lo manage might "cut and come again " during the early months of the year in the way that a supply of Chry- santhemums admits of. The work does not present any particular difficulty. T. Baincs. We have lately received from Mr. G. Stanton, of Park Place, Ilenley-on-Thames, an interesting lot of Chrysanthemums. Without exception the flowers were good of their kind, especially so Meg Merrilies, Madame C. Andiguier, Ethel, Princess TecU, Baron de Prailly, and Grandiflora. These Japanese kinds predominated, and show how readily they adapt themselves to a course of retarding. The sender tells us that fully a fortnight will elapse ere the bulk of them cease to be objects of attraction ; so that we find the blooming period of the autumn lljwering section extending from October to the end of January. I StoiM ^jurkn. SEED SOWING FOR THE NE.XT FORTNIGHT Providing a sufficient supply of young Cabbage plants do not remain on the autumn-sown beds to make a planting to succeed those set out in the autumn, some seed should now be sown, either in boxes in one of the houses, or on a gentle hotbed in a shallow frame. If sown in boxes they can be pricked-out in a frame when commencing lo show the rough leaf. Celery. A pan of some white kind may now be sown, simply to obtain a few early unblanched heads for flavouring, as this is indispensable in the kitchen. Cauliflower. If a good slock of autumn-sown plants are not on hand, sow in boxes (near the glass) in heal, and prick out in a frame later on. The above remarks also apply to Lettuce. Leeks. To obtain exhibition productions a pan of seed ought to be put in soon, these when large enough should be potted into "Long Toms " and gradually hardened off prior lo planting out. Spinach for the earliest crop is better grown alone. Select a warm open position, and if the soil is adhesive and heavy fill in the drills with lighter soil, such as sift- ings from the polling-bench, or old frame soil ; treated thus, it will germinate much belter than if covered wilh cold heavy soil. Beans and Peas as advised in last Calendar. General Work : Seed Beds. Assuming that the positions of the most important crops have been decided upon, and that the ground has been prepared accordingly, a piece of ground fully exposed lo sun and air should be set aside for Ihe general seed sowing. A moderate light soil is pre- ferable lo heavy soil for the purpose of raising young plants free from club. Sprinkle it over with lime and soot in equal quantities prior to digging, which should be done with a fork, leaving the surface lying rough for the present. Manure. If the ground is in good heart none will be required, I20 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 24, 1885. but if it is somewhat poor, only well decomposed stuff should be added, and it should not be charged with strong animal matter. I shall say more about this later on. Rhubarb. To have a constant supply of roots for forcing we must divide the roots and make fresh plantations according to demand ; every division should have a good bold crown. A plantation can be made at any time before growth commences, but the sooner the better. Plant on trenched ground, and if planted for lifting to force indoors i yard apart each way will be sufficient space, but to be covered and forced on the ground under pots, plant 4 feet apart from plant to plant, and 5 to 6 feet between the rows. Seakale. Any Seakale roots laid in and intended for the making of cuttings should now get attention. When the cuttings are made lay them in a shallow pit or well drained ground, and cover over with 3 inches of fine light soil ; over this a little protection can be given In sharp weather only. Here they will form a callus and make good "sets" for April planting. This system of raising plants is decidedly quicker and better in every way than the old method of sowing seed. Root Store. Let this be carefully looked over on wet days. Seed Potatos should be kept lying thinly, and be exposed to as much light and air as possible, provided no frost can enter. This applies especially to late varieties. G. ff. Richards^ Somerley^ Ring-wood, FUNGUS IN LILIUM AURATUM BULBS. VouR correspondent, " W. T- M.," p. 57, is quite correct as to there being a Japanese fun- gus which attacks Lily bulbs first in the warehouses of Japan, and whose rapid develop- ment in the hold of the steamers on the voy- age, fostered by the high temperature, has brought death to thousands of imported bulbs. It is the one great difficulty importers have had to overcome. If " W. J. M." will turn to pp. 209—213 of my Notes on Lilies he will find further information about this fungus, and the means used to destroy it ; and if he will take up a Lily bulb affected by this rot, and keep it in a warm moist place at a temperature of 60° or thereabouts, he will soon have abundant evidence to submit to his microscope of the nature of this fungus. Importers now take special protection against this evil. "W. J. M." should in future, if he wishes to avoid this risk, make a point of buying either home- grown bulbs, or those that have been at least three months in the country, not newly imported bulbs. Ot course he will have to pay a higher price, but he will find it cheaper in the end. In fact it is an open question still whether imported bulbs may not bring with them into the garden these objectionable germs, so as to infect other neighbouring bulbs. We import every year thousands of choice Japanese Lilies, but we do not offer them to our customers till they are safe, that is, till they have been with us so long in a cold frame that root-action has commenced, and the bulbs are as firm, sound, and heavy, and as free from all fungus germs as home-grown bulbs. In this way, and in this way only, can we obtain results satisfac- tory to ourselves and our customers. If " W, J. M." will pay us a visit we shall be happy to show him our bulbs and explain the process we use to de- vitalise the fungus germ. Alexander Wallace, Neiu Plant and Bull) Co., Colchester. "W. J. M.'s" remarks with respect to the mortality which he finds amongst imported bulbs of Lilium auratum amount almost to an indictment against dry foreign bulbs. What is desirable to learn is whether his experience is general or only singular. When we read of the sales of these bulbs from year to year, offered as they are in enor- mous quantities, one is tempted to ask what becomes of them all ? and " W. J. M." supplies a clue to the mystery, assuming that the mortality which occurs in his dry bulbs is general. At the rate at which Lilium auratum bulbs are put into commerce, this Lily should be as abundant almost as Potatos, and as cheap. Of course, if they die largely, their compara- tive scarcity is explained. The points for considera- tion are, first, whether the bulbs suffer from drying ; and, second, from imperfect packing in transit. It would be strange if it were found that the bulbs suf- fered from some fungoid disease on arrival here, because it seems evident that they must have been perfectly healthy during the previous season. If it is found at home that repotting and keeping the bulbs in soil, and slightly moist through the resting period, are essentials to future health, it seems obvious that the cleansing the bulbs from soil, and permitting them to become comparatively dry, must be produc- tive of evil. It would be of exceeding interest to learn the experience of large buyers of im- ported bulbs here, and especially of any who may grow them for market. Still further, some definite information as to the longevity of home-raised bulbs as compared with that of imported ones would be full of interest. It may be that only comparatively few bulbs are raised at home, and if it be so then it is to be deplored, and the more so if such are the most enduring. It would also be interesting to learn how Ion-; lived an auratum bulb may be. Soon alter this Lily was introduced we read of some grand specimens, one of the finest having been that grown by Mr. Cross, at Melchet Park, some sixteen or more years since. Are there any such bulbs now to be seen, and if so what are the secrets of their special vigor and longevity? As it is well known that so many dried bulbs show the first signs of decay at the base, might not that disease or rot arise from the withering or decay of the stout fleshy roots always found on these bulbs when lifted in the autumn, and which it is so important should be well preserved ? Again, "W. J. M." finds that his bulbs largely decay from the points of the outer scales downward. Does this decay arise from injury caused to the scales in the process of packing and in transit, and though it may not be apparent, yet suffice as soon as the bulbs are moist- ened to promote downward decay ? It is doubtful whether the effects of such injury have been fully considered. A. D. EUCHARIS AMAZONICA. In continuation of this subject, I mentioned lately that I had got within sight of " game," but for some time before that occurred I had lost all faith in systematic cultivation as a remedy capable of arresting the progress of this consuming disease. I felt con- vinced, that whatever might be the cause, it must be sought in the bulb itself, and that a process of " dis- infecting" would probably lead to better results than persistence in remedial cultivation, however care- fully carried out. Baths were prepared of quick- lime and water, soot and water, solutions of soft- soap and tobacco- water, Fir-tree oil and water, tS:c., and thousands of bulbs had their leaves and roots cut off and were cast into these baths and allowed to remain immersed from three days to three weeks, after which the bulbs were '* laid in " in a pot set apart for them, and duly labelled. They soon began to grow, the first batch that started being those bulbs subjected to a lime-and-water bath, and the last to start being those that had been immersed in soot and water. We potted them in 4S-pots, in batches, as the bulbs began to root, and after they had developed a couple of leaves on each plant — 'twas a sight *' fair to view" indeed ! -^ enthusiasm began to usurp the place of sense : I had evidently made a discovery — took an extra glass of ** toddy " at night, complimented myself upon my good luck, began to speculate as to patenting the process. A fortune's to be made ! 's patent devil-killer ! Cost price, \d. a gallon; wholesale, 5^. ; retail, \os. 6d. Agents in every town, customers everywhere ! These pleasant little dreams are cut short by my better half's remind- ing me that the room is becoming unbearably full of tobacco-smoke. Smoke, indeed ! it may inconveni- ence some unsympathetic mortals, but it is a tremend- ous neighbour of enthusiasm. However, '*all is not gold that glitters," and as my plants began to get into a stage of growth from which I might expect fiower- stems to show,|I began to observe leaves on some plants becoming of a paler green colour round their edges, and ultimately it was clear that the old enemy and only suffered a check, but was not conquered. I tacked about, gave up the hydropathic treatment, cut down a lot more affected plants, and " roasted " the bulbs upon galvanised sheets in a hot dry vinery, and it was at this stage of experiment and enquiry when, tearing up some bulbs, scale after scale, that I came upon the " game " of which I have spoken — an insect which in habit and appearance reminded me much of Phyl- loxera vastatrix. The ordinary cultivator of Eucharis amazonica will have observed at times red spots or eruptions on the roots and outside the bulbs of even the most healthy stocks of Eucharis. I have examined these ruptured spots very often, but until now never could make out the agency by which they were pro- duced. I sent some bulbs to a friend, an enthusiastic local entomologist. He informed me that " the little insect was a species of Acarus, or mite," which he could not then determine — "that they were consi- dered to act merely as * scavengers.' " *' Scavengers," indeed I I want to know whether these little pests were prosecuting their legitimate business when I found them all through the bulbs, and in- variably in these little red ruptures. My friend was just going to Cornwall, for a holiday with a congenial "chip," said to be very learned in mites, and I promised to send some affected bulbs — which I did— but my friend occupied some fisher- man's cottage on some remote part of the coast, and they never reached him, so that I lost the assistance of the mighty (for he has written a monograph on them) in mites. However, with the exception of a few plants that had been put under process, I had all the bulbs of Eucharis that I had reduced scale after scale as far as the red ruptures could be found. Many were spotted to the very heart, and were cast away ; others reduced to the size of a horse Bean, washed, and sown in pots. Time only will determine whether these "spawn " will remain healthy. In my experiments with these bulbs I have invariably found that the small leafless offlet bulbs give better promise of renewed health than the main bulbs, and this fact is worth bearing in mind by those who love experi- ment. My experience leads me to the -conclusion that the little insect — whatever it be — is the real cause of Eucharis disease, either by extracting the juices which nourish the plant, or by producing upon the nourishing elements something analagous to "blood poisoning," and, if I might be allowed to make a recommendation to "A. E." and all such cases, I should say — "Clear out your diseased stock ; get a new start, and be sure it is from a clean stock ; " and he will find it time saved and economy in the end. I know that diseased stocks of Eucharis flower, and flower freely ; but with me it is a case of Hamlet's father — " Look on this picture — and look on that." Had I the ear of Her Majesty's Government I could suggest some valuable work for them to engage in. We pay thousands upon thousands every year to uphold establishments presided over by very scientific men, possessing every tool and facility for unravelling the aberations of plant life, and yet how little advance has been madein vegetable pathology. Z, In reference to the culture of this much esteemed and free-flowering Lily I may be allowed to say that I have never experienced the slightest difficulty in growing and flowering it. Indeed we have plants of Eucharis amazonica in flower more or less throughout the year, and some of them have not been disturbed at the roots for several years — the last time they were potted in a compost consisting of three-parts good fibry loam, and one of pulverised cow-dung, charcoal and fine lime rubble. In potting the bulbs, which were sized at the time and kept close to the surface, the soil was pressed moderately firm about the roots, which were placed in their natural perpendicular position. The bulbs so potted were then placed on a retaining wall in a Pine-stove, and watered with tepid water to settle the soil about the roots. After this they received no water (excepting a sprinkling overhead morning and afternoon when the house was being damped with the syringe) until the roots had pushed well into the soil, which they did freely, Tepid liquid manure was afterwards given to the roots, with the result that by the end of July (four months from the time of potting) these plants had filled their pots with roots, and at the same time developed plenty of large dark green leaves of firm texture. Water was then withheld from the roots, when, after an interval of about three weeks' rest, most of the bulbs sent up a flower-spike, and then tepid liquid manure was again given to the roots — continuing the application for a few weeks after the plants have done flowering, when water is again with- held from the roots until the flowerspikes appear, when it is again given. Thus treated this beautiful Lily, providing there are sufficient plants to be operated on in small batches — say from three to twelve plants— at short intervals— may be had in January 24, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 121 flower all the )ear by giving it ordinary stove temperature, H. W, W. Just allow me to encroach on your space to make a remark or two in reference to the two cases you mentioned I had overlooked in last week's issue. I hold that the rule applies to all plants in pots, and even such great absorbers of moisture as Orchids should not be waterered until the last watering is pretty well exhausted by evaporation and absorption. Of course il the plants of Eucharis were plunged in such material as sodden cocoa-nut fibre, the soil in the pots was certain to get too wet, and cause injury to the roots, but that would be the result of mismanagement, and although not a disease in itself it would develope a diseased con- dition of the entire plant. Plants in well-drained pots in stove heat can be watered every twenty-fours. I do not plunge mine in the tan-bed in which I force them, but place them on the surface, and they do as well as it is possible for any to do. I am very sceptical about the second case. I syringe mine in the stove twice a day, and I may say it is covered with creepers, and it does them no harm. A, Macdonald, Cheadic Royal Asylum Garden. I was surprised, on reading Mr. Macdonald's reply to my remarks in your last issue, that he cer- tainly had not paid much attention while he was read- ing, or he would have seen that I did not give it as my opinion that there is a disease in the Eucharis, neither did I say anything about red spots. I have seen Eucharis which had red spots, and they were healthy plants compared to mine and others I have seen and read about. Certainly my plants have never been in a hot dry atmosphere, for if I err at all, as we all do sometimes with plants, it is not on the dry side. I gave an accurate account of the treatment of my plants from the time of starling them till the end of the year, leaving it to your readers to discuss through your columns whether or not the appearances are the result of a disease. I have had visits from cultivators of Eucharis, who saw my plants last April, and since this discussion began, and they told me they had never seen a finer or healthier lot of young plants. About that time they were moved out of that house into the one under the Stephanotis ; and there they became affected as was stated in my former letter, saturated day after day with the syringe, and watered too. It was then they began to look sickly, at the same time I have a vague impression of having introduced amongst them some unhealthy specimens. But to return to the red spots. I should like to explain to Mr. Macdonald it is not red spots, but a rust beginning on the extreme edges of the leaves, and travelling towards the leaf-stalk from each margin for about 1 4 inch ; the leaf then wilhersup and the stalk gets flabby and eventually rots. My own opinion of it agrees with that of Mr, Lucas, that is, they are required to furnish too much bloom, no one seeming contented with natural results ; and in trying to get two blades of a Eucharis where only one grew before, the plant fails to respond and even- tually succumbs. I hope with Mr. Lucas now that the subject is started it will be thoroughly investi- gated, and that all who have diseased plants will describe their treatment ; believing, as I do, that there is as much learned from people's failures as from their successes. W. B. METHOD OF KEEPING CUT GRAPES. Since the inexpensive and excellent method of keeping late Grapes was introduced it has already necessitated at many places the conversion of some existing building for this purpose, which nowadays is properly termed the Grape-room, and which locality at this particular period of the year forms an interest- ing sight, when the produce of several vineries is brought together and arranged for easy inspection. As the growing of keeping Grapes extends these places will doubtless be more and more required, and on this account it may not be amiss to record any information which is calculated to be useful to others, who, in all probability, may have to provide accom- modation for the same purpose. For several years after the bottling process was first introduced I was in the habit of keeping late Grapes in the most suitable place I had at command, but from such causes as dust, sunshine, and others, that were inimical to the proper preservation of the fruit, I determined to have an appendage in the way of a Grape-room, and made one, with which I am satisfied, as fully answering the purpose for which it was intended. The building selected is part of a range of tiled sheds, having a north aspect ; its dimensions are 17 feet long, 10 feet wide, and H feet high ; a ceiling was constructed beneath the roof, into which two wood ventilating flaps, 2 feet by II inches wide, are fixed ; these, in connection with the windows in front of the building, form the means of ventilating. Heating. If but little heat is needful under ordinary circum- stances for keeping late Grapes fresh and plump, yet it is well to have the means of driving out dampness in case of any excess being present ; ours is furnished by means of a I^-inch flow and return pipe, with a valve inserted to regulate the heat, being run along the front and two sides of the building ; these pipes are connected with a neighbouring boiler, and meet the requirements very satisfactorily. The Racks. The accompanying sketch (fig. 23) will convey an idea of the plan adopted. The upright pieces are deal, 3 inches square ; these are inserted and fixed flush with the walls, the racks consisting of two Jinch planed deal boards 9 inches and 10 inches wide— the former is placed at the top ; these- are nailed together. Fig. 23. — GRAPE TROUGHS. and are supported by angle iron brackets, 7 inches each way by I inch, made to fit, and fixed to the uprights in the wall. Circular holes 4 inches in diameter and 8 inches asunder from centre to centre form the receptacles for the bottles, which are partly filled with water and a few bits of charcoal added, into which the shoot, with the bunch attached, is inserted. The means by which late Grapes can be kept in excellent condition until the middle of May is an advantage in many respects, inasmuch as it does away in some measure with very early forcing, always an expensive operation, and one also under any con- ditions most exhausting to the Vines, and frequently ending with the results not altogether satisfactory, G. T, Miles f Wycombe Abbey Gardens, 0tins flf J00I1S. Bulbs and Bulb Culture. By D, T, Fish. L. Upcott Gill. The term bulb is here used in an elastic sense, and is made to comprise in addition to bulbs proper, Anemones, Crocuses, Gladioli, Cyclamen, Ranuncu- lus, Irises, Dahlias, Gloxinias, Alstromerias, Pseonies, Oxalis, Arums, Tropseolums, Mirabilis, &c. A short description is given of each of the principal species and varieties, and full directions for their culture given. So full are the details, that we fear the amateur may be alarmed at their appearance. For instance, under Lilies we find nearly thirty closely printed pages of small type without break or division of any kind. The matter is excellent, but the form would be calculated to deter all but the most en- thusiastic amateur. Side headings, devoted to soil, culture, seedlings, hybridisation, diseases, &c., would be an immense boon. Nevertheless, even as it is, the reader will find within the pages of this volume a perfect mine of practical information which it would be if not impossible, at least diO'icult and time-con- suming to find elsewhere. J4ojVlE f ORREpPOjSDfl^CE. Asplenium germanicum.— The communication by Dr. Lowe, of King's Lynn, regarding the above Fern is to nie of special interest, as the following instances will show. Some years ago a single specimen of A, septentrionale, which was found near here on the Snowdon range, was brought home, potted, and placed along with other Ferns in an unhealed green- bouse. Gradually the young fronds developed into those of A. germanicum, and the plant, half of which is now in my possession, would to an ordinary observer be at once classed as that species. On closely ex- aming this plant to-day I found fronds intermediate between the typical A. septentrionale and A, ger- manicum (none of the former now exist ) several of which approached very closely in form the illustration given by Dr. Lowe. I can, so far, corroborate the late Professor Balfour's statement, that A. septentrionale, at least, has been found in company with a A. Ruta- muraria or at no great distance from it, as two years ago I saw in this country three remarkably fine speci- mens of A, septentrionale growing on an old wall and almost in company with A. Ruta-muraria. I may also state that at less than 100 yards from where these three plants grow several specimens of A, ger- manicum were at one time found — a fact which can be verified by a most reliable authority. When examining an old wall near Bangor on which almost numberless specimens of A, Ruta-muraria occur, I was agreeably surprised to find one plant bearing fronds of both A. germanicum and A, Ruta-muraria, the latter in greatest quantity. With no little diffi- culty I removed the plant from the wall but with such a miserable root that my best attempts at cultivation were of no avail. Fronds were, however, preserved which have more than once passed off as those of A, germanicum. The above cases, which have come under my own notice, combined with informa- tion received from various sources, have but added fuel to the flame of an opinion I have long enter- tained, and now publish with an amount of reluct- ance, viz., that two of the three plants— A, germani- cum, A, septentrionale, and A. Ruta-muraria— are but forms of one species, A. D. Webster, Llandegai, Bangor, North Wales. The Report of the Apple Congress. — I note the editorial remarks in reply to Mr. Divers (p, 90), which are calculated to convey a wrong impression if not explained. It is quite correct that Fellows of the Royal Hortticultural Society may obtain the report on application. It is now the property of the Society, having been handed over to it by the com- mittee. There is no arrangement or understanding to supply exhibitors, although in one way or another the greater number of them have received copies, Mr. Divers was not an exhibitor. The question that naturally arises is this — Who is to bear the expense ? I have no copies at my disposal, but I shall be pleased to forward any application I may receive to the proper authorities, I was pleased to undertake the work of preparing the report, and my recompense is in seeing that my labours are not altogether unappre- ciated, and that a decided impetus is given to the cultivation of Apples — the most important fruit grown in this country. A. F. Barron, I was pleased to see W. H. Divers' letter in your last issue, and agree with his remarks, I sent a collection of Apples to the Congress, and expected a copy of the report when issued, if not free, at a reduced price, and as I could not afford to go to London expressly to see the exhibition I was naturally anxious to see a copy of the report ; but to do so I had to forward 2s. <)d. to the publishers, although at the same time my employer was a Fellow of the Royal Horticultural Society, and did not receive a copy. I do not begrudge my labour, but it would have been a compliment to 122 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. IJanuaky 24, 1885; have forwarded a copy of the report to all exhibitors, which would have been appreciated, particularly by those who had not the privilege of seeing the exhibi- tion. If it was to be had for the asking, why was it not mentioned in the gardening Press ? A^orthcni Eshibilor. Ensilage, — When paying a Christmas visit to Mr, Mclntyre of Gwydyr-ucha, near Llanrwst, I had ihe satisfaction of [not only seeing the working of his patent silo, but also of testing the quality of the ensilage produced. This, I may say, is in every way satisfactory, the ensilage being of excellent quality and a beautiful colour, indeed in this latter respect it is superior to several other specimens sent from silos in the immediate neighbourhood, and with which I had the opportunity of comparison. In Mr, Mclntyre's invention, pressure is obtained by means of water or other liquids which is conveyed to tanks placed above the crops in the silo, thus doing away with the expensive method usually adopted of placing stone or other weights thereon. The water is conveyed to the tanks by means of gravitation, and can, when re- quired, be discharged by pipes or troughs from the bottom of the tank or over the top by syphons, pumps, or elevators. .Several horses and cows belonging to Mr, Mclntyre prefer the ensilage to well saved hay, as several experiments clearly proved, A cubic foot of the ensilage weighs 45 lb. A, D. Webster. Cauliflower, Veitch's Early Forcing. — Vour correspondent, Mr. Horsefield, has done well in praising the good qualities of the above fine variety, and which, from experience, I can fully endorse. I consider too much cannot be said in its favour. I would likewise recommend that useful vegetable, Veitch's Self-protecting Autumn Broccoli, which comes in when the Cauliflowers are done, and lasts till February, its foliage thoroughly protecting the head from frost, ]V, C. Leach, Stamford. Senecio elegans. — Why are these called American Groundsels ? Can it be that at some time or the other they were improved in America, and came to be known as American Groundsels ? Certain it is, they are not natives of America, but of the Cape of Good Hope, It would seem that the single purple and single white, together with the double form of the latter, and the double red, were introduced from the Cape about 1700, At one time they were classed among the half-hardy annuals, now they find a place among the hardy annuals ; and seed sown in the open ground in a good light soil will produce plants that flower freely the same season. In seed lists they will be found under the head of Jacobcea, probably because of the relationship of the common Senecio jacobasa of our fields and roadsides. Twenty years ago "Jacobccas" were looked upon as useful bedding- plants, and found a place in lists of bedding-plants in the same way as Pelargoniums, Calceolarias, &c. Cuttings struck in August, and also in heat in early spring, make capital plants, and especially so for pot culture for the greenhouse, growing into nice bushy specimens and blooming freely, and propagated plants made excellent subjects for bedding, coming into bloom before plants raised from seed ; and in addition to being less vigorous bloom most profusely. The varieties of Senecio elegans are now among neglected plants — more's the pity, It is worth while paying a visit in their season to Messrs, Carter & Co,'s |seed grounds in Essex, if only to see the masses of Jacobseas in all their beauty. There are two types — the older and taller-growing one in good soil reaching a height of from 15 to iS inches, and a more modern dwarf type not more than S or g inches. Then there is a good variety of colour, the crimson-purple, rose-white, and flesh-coloured being the best ; and there are as many varieties almost to be found among the dwarf strain. Let any one take the dwarf strain in hand, raise some from seed, and then select the best for propagation by means of cuttings. Some of the side-shoots can be taken off as early as July and August, put into culling-pots in a light sandy soil, then, when rooted shifted singly into small pots, kept in cold framei until there is danger of a check froni frost, and win- tered in a warm frame with Cinerarias, or on the shelf of a greenhouse. In spring they require repot- ting as one would Cinerarias, and grown on similarly, stopping the leading shoots if large and bushy speci- mens are wanted. To many gardeners they are unknown, by some almost forgotten ; but as one of the characteristics of the present day, that old plants are revived and received into the sphere of popu- larity, there is no reason why the Jacoba'as should not experience such a revival. Many amateur gardeners spend their time in cultivating plants not nearly so well worthy their attention as this old and useful plant. A'. D. Seakale Growing and Forcing. — Will some of your correspondents say if they find light or strong soils influence the growth and flavour and crispncss of Seakale ? Ours is a light sandy soil, and my employer complains of ours being bad flavoured, and a little stringy. I force the first batch in the Mush- room-house, later on out on beds. E. T. Lapagerias in the Open Air.— Mr. Boscawen is to be envied in having Lapagerias in the open air, but those less favoured than he is by climate will do well to pause before venturing their plants out, or they will most likely lose them, for here, in the east of England, they will not live in sheltered spots without protection, as I have tried them again and again. We have one now in our hardy fernery, where it has been some years, but though taken every care of by covering it during winter, its progress is slow. It may be remembered that a shoot found its way out on to the roof of one of the houses at Gunnersbury Park, in which it was growing, and though in a good position there from lying on the glass with warmth under, it succumbed to the frost. If plants would only live out they would form lovely objects to clothe trellises over doors, but except in Cornwall, the Seilly Isles, or the Isle of Wight, I fear the Lapageria is not hardy enough, J. S. A Hint to Young Gardeners.— I think your correspondent, " F.," p. 726, vol. xxii., could not have brought a more interesting and useful subject to the notice of young gardeners than drawing. I can assure them that I have spent many an hour in the evening in drawing that perhaps would have been spent far less usefully. I might further add that it has proved of great advantage to me, as it has enabled me to lay plans before my employers that I could not otherwise have done. When I was a young man in a bothy I had an opportunity of attending a drawing-class at the village school. At the commencement of one winter I took up practical geometry and freehand drawing. In the following March I was examined in the second grade in both subjects by a Government inspector, and got " first-class " in each. Now I mention this to show others similarly situated what can be done, and to encourage them to "go and do likewise." After that I took up perspective and model drawing, all of which I have found very useful — geometry and per- spective specially so. Instead of commencing with plan drawing, as " F." advises, I would strongly recom- mend "Young Gardener " (see p, 790, vol, xxii.) and others wishing to take the matter up, to get Gill's Eirst anit Second Grade Practical Geometry, which will cost him 6(/. , a box of instruments for \s. or Is, 6d., that will answer his purpose until he gets better acquainted with his work, a drawing-board and T-square {which any carpenter will make for him) will be all that he requires, except paper. The in- structions are so plain and simple that any one can understand them, and I feel sure that it will prove highly interesting and useful to all who think well to take thematterup, and they will find, when thoroughly acquainted with geometry, plan drawing will be comparatively easy, y. H. The Age of the Victoria regia,— I see it is stated in the Gardeners^ Chronicle that the \'ictoria regia on one occasion lived over two years, and Mr, Williams, in his book on greenhouse and stove plants records of the Victoria that it has only on one or two occasions lived two years. Our plant here has lived four years, and has produced both leaves and flowers more than any other I have seen or read of, I, therefore, and others would doubtless like to know which was the oldest Victoria regia that has ever been known in England, as we arc under the impression here that ours are the oldest on record, C. Pcn/ord, Lci^h J\iik, IJavant. Amateur Dealers.— We are pleased to see " Nur- seryman's " article in the Gardeners'' Chronicle re- specting gentlemen's gardeners turning nurserymen, seedsmen, florists, or rather the gentlemen doing it under cover. They certainly are now going too far, as they grow all they possibly can for sale, and cut the price down of legitimate tradesmen who have to pay rales, income tax, and live out of their produce. We shall be glad to see more correspondence through the Gardeners' Chronicle on this point, as it will be doing the tr.ade great service. IV. C- 7. Brown, ■ I observed in your valuable paper of December 20 an article on what the National Rose Society has in its byelaws headed "What is an Amateur?" You are perfectly light in saying you are afraid their decision will lead to disputes. It h: s done so already, and it is the Society that will be the loser. I would like to seethe amateur now-a-dajs say No to a good ofter. There are many kinds . f amateurs. One disposes openly of what he does not require of his produce, and for that he is called, not r n amateur; another disposes of his produce privately, and he is an amateur, in their eyes all right. Surely the line should be placed in a proper position. It would confer a very great favour on many if lie nurseryman florist amateur were definitely and clearly defined, which is a matter not very clear to many cf the committee of the National Rose Society, What is an Amateur t Pink, Tom Thumb Scarlet.— This gem of the Pinks is now very scarce, and probably in a few years will become extinct. It is of very slow growth and difiicult to increase, making but little grass. There are fine plants of it in the collection at Flsore, where it does well, Dianthjts. Brussels Sprouts.— " Ebor" (p. 59) asserts that this has been an unfavourable season for Brussels Sprouts, but though it may have been so with him I do not think it has with others, as I do not remember seeing better vegetables than are to be met with almost everywhere this winter, for the growth of all the Brassicas during the late summer and autumn was rapid. Why so many fail in growing good Brussels Sprouts is through not sowing early enough, as it is impossible to get good results without strong plants, and these can only be obtained by starting them in March, and planting them out in deep well manured ground as soon as they are large enough to be moved. To raise the first batch we generally sow on a gentle hotbed, and prick the plants out after- wards under glass, which is done in light leafy soil, as then they lift with good balls and may be trans- ferred to the open quarters without feeling a check. Some noted growers of Brussels Sprouts sow them where they are to stand, and thin out so as to leave them at the required distance apart, which is a good plan, as under such treatment the plants get no roots broken, but start right away from the first. In beds, sown thickly as they often are, the plants become drawn, and when in that leggy condition they remain weaklings for some time, and never make Sprouts low on the stems. The finest lot I have ever seen are those where the rows were wide apart and Potatos grown between, which system of management benefits both crops, as they get much more light and air than they do planted in the ordinary way, y, S. Your correspondent " Ebor " in last week's Gardeners' Chronicle will find that the so-called disease is brought about by the plants being infested by fly, or as the market gardeners call lousy— a com- plaint that has been very common during last summer. The fly or louse attacking the plants when young and the Sprouts small, the young leaves are thereby damaged, and as time goes on and the Sprouts get matured and hard, the leaves first attacked begin to decay, more so after rain and hard frost, and give out a very offensive smell, rendering many of the Sprouts unfit for use. But I have always found that Sprouts planted early in the se.asnn, and that have not received any check from the time they were sown, and put out on a good brake of ground, generally escaped the louse — A failure in not having good Sprouts being, that they were not sown early enough; in fact if you have a good strain of Brussels Sprouts, the sooner you sow them the better, I would mention that Colewort Cabbage, which should be planted early in July, are often att.acked with the louse, and when fit for use are found damaged in the same way as ' ' Ebor " describes his Sprouts, IK C. I.each, Stamford. Effects of the Past Dry Autumn, — In hot countries where rain falls periodically and only at long intervals the marked cllects uf an alternate dry and a saturated condition of the soil are very evident ; immediately the immense downpour comes deeply moistening the parched earth and charging the heated atmosphere with vapour to saturation point ; under Tan'jary 24, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 123 these influences the tush of growth in plant life is such as to be scarcely conceivable by the inhabitants of cool climates, where the exciting elTects of rapid transitions of this kind in the weather are unknown. The na'ural result of this quick development is that the season's growth is quickly completed ; after this a slop is put to shoot extension by the exhaustion of moisture in the soil and its proportionate absence in the atmosphere, brought about by the dry rainless period that follows the deluging rainfall. Then comes stagnation, which in its turn extends for a longer or shorter period, according to the nature of the climate of the particular country. In parts of England, where the exceptional drought of the prist summer and autumn was greatest, here was seen something of the influences which an over-dry condition of the soil annually exerts on plant life. The fine warm autumn through which we passed had not the efl'ect of forwarding the growth of plants that usually start early into activity to near the extent that enerally occurs ia a mild autumn. Snowdrops, Crocuses, Scillas, and others, first to greet the dawn- ing year with their leaves pushing through the soil, are backward. Many shrubs and trees that usually by the prominence of their buds at the commencement of the year show the effects of a protracted summer, are now small and motionless; fruit trees especially, as also bush fruits, are in this state— a condition, happily, which conduces in no slight degree to the chances of a favourable blooming time, which, needless to say, is indispensable to a fruitful season, T. Baines, Foster's Seedling as a " Stock." — In reply to ** H.'s " query as to whether Foster's Seedling Vine was a suitable stock for inarching upon, ray experience leads me, without the least hesitation, to say Ves. I may mention Grapes (Madresfield Court) produced by the above union were awarded 1st prize at Read- ing and Crystal Palace shows, August, iSSi. A". Crtimp^ Rauehi^ih Gardens, Lcaviim^ton, Cucumber Growing. — Thinking probably Mr. Longthaw would communicate to the Gardeners' Chronicle the information asked for by your corre- spondent, " F. B. T.," respecting his (Mr. Long- thaw's) method of Cucumber growing. I did not deem it prudent to reply at once to the observations made by the same correspondent on this subject respecting myself, but as no article has appeared in two recent issues of the Gardeners* Chronicle I think it my duty now to reply. In the first place I must ask ** F. B. T." to read with more care the article of Mr. Longthaw before he criticises mine, as the question asked was for the average per plant, and not per square yard, as *' F. B. T." seems to think ; and he also states I was less successful as a grower than Mr. Longthaw by just 20 per cent. I suppose this is based on the average per square yard. Now I am one amongst many others who greatly object to this method of cal- culating the success of a Cucumber grower. For instance, should I plant a new vinery with Cucumber plants (as I frequently have done) with a rafter of iS or 20 feet, and get what would be termed a good crop of Cucumbers if they had been grown in a 13 feet span Cucumber-house, but taking into con- sideration the dimensions of the vinery the crop would be insignificant. For I contend that if Cucumber plants are properly pruned and attended to they ought to cover a space of about 6 or S feet, that is, 3 or 4 feet on each side of the ratter. Those I grew to produce the average of over nine dozen did not exceed 5 feet in height, as my then employer can testify. Alfred Bishop, The Gardens, Ablwtsford, Burgess Hill, Sussex. Selecting Potato Sets. — There is a good deal in this, much more than people imagine, and one reason of Potato exhibitors growing such fine and handsome samples is owing to the care with which their plant- ing sets are seltected. The champion exhibitor of the season— Mr. J. Hughes, of Eydon Hall Gardens, states that when he proceeds to select the sets he in- tends to plant he chooses them according to the variety ; if it is a weakly growing variety, good sized tubers are put oii one side for planting ; if the variety be a strong growing one, medium-sized sets will be selected, and these are cut in Iwo at planting time, all the eyes being removed but one. In the case of varieties of medium growth, medium-sized tubers are also selected, but these are planted uncut, as in the case of the varieties of weakly growth, all the eyes being removed excepting those which Mr, Hughes denominates the crown eyes. The planting sets are selected as soon as the Potato crops are lifted, they are then put upon shelves in a cool shed ; care is l\ken to select sets of the best shape. Whether this helps the production of handsome tubers or not, Mr. Hughes is not prepared to say, but he adopts the practice on the ground that good-shaped tubers may just as well be planted as ungainly ones. A'. D. [The fine samples seen at exhibitions are the produce of kinds that are too often quite unfit for the tables, such exhibitions proving a snare to those who do not know : there are Potatos for eating, and others that are fit to please the eye only. I'd.] ROBERTSON v. RALSTON AND OTHERS ET E CONTRA Bowling Grct-n Dispute at Cavipcltown, Arqyleshire. — This action, with the consent of both parlies, was raised in the Sheriff Court of Ayr. and after several hearings before the Sheriff Substitute the case was remitted by consent of both parties to Mr. ]ames An- derson, Meadowbank Nurseries, (Jddingston, the Sheriil" appointing Mr. Anderson judicial referee, and the fol- lowing are his findings and notes, which sufticienlly explain the nature of the case :— In terms of your Lordship's remit of December s* 1884, I made a personal inspection of the bowling-green at Campeltown ; and after taking evidence of parties concerned in conjoined actions, and hearing procurators, find as follows : — (i.) That in respect to the items in specification under the heading "stone bottoming," " engine-ashes bot- toming," and "sand bottoming," that they have not been put down by the contractor in uniform layers in terms of specification, but that the committee or their inspector, or both, homologated the alterations while the work was proceeding. (2.) That the item in specification under the heading oi " turf is not satisfactory, a part of first cargo, and nearly the whole of the second cargo, being wet when laid, and overheated in transit or in bulk on or about the premises, consequently the turf during the season contracted, and the grasses died, mainly from want of forethought and attention on the part of the contractor, and in part from not being watered when the turves were laid. (3 ) The extra items charged by the contractor have been mainly due to the interference, and have had more or less the tacit sanction, of the committee. (4.) Find, on the whole, that on the contractor sup- plying and putting down on the grounds adjoining the Good Templar's Hall 500 square yards of Irvine turf, cut in terms of specification, that the committee pay him a balance of ^84 8j. \ui. sterUng, being the difference between items of specification amounting to ;^r9o, together with extras of ^^29 Zs. Sd. 'and the sums paid on account eiiher to or for the contractor. (5.) Find each of the parties liable to pay their own expenses and half fees and costs in the conjoined actions. (Signed) James Anderson, January 14, 1885. MQ-ig^-This contract from beginning to end has not been conducted on business principles. The contractor draws out his own specifications, the committee accept them unconditionally, and the work is lillle more than begun before extra excavation is suggested by the con- tractor, and permitted by the committee, and conse- quently additional expenses incurred. The committee may have considered il the contractor sold the sand excavated beyond the cubical dimensions of what was scheduled, he was held bound to replace with a material of a satisfactory character, but there is no stipulation by letter or otherwise in evidence to that effect. Then as to the respective layers of stone bottoming, ashes and sand, while the commiitee and their inspector declare in evidence that ibey were all along dissatisfied with the work as being disconform to specification, they not only allow it to proceed, but aid and abet the altera- tions, and latterly do a considerable portion of the found- ation work during the contractor's absence. As to the " rubble bottoming," which was specified to come from "Weir's Quarry," there seems to have been an abundance, but of a more costly character than the contractor had estimated for ; and the committee, instead of exacting, as they might have done, for bottom- ing of this quality, conjoin to permit the contractor to break through this item ot the specification, and go along with hini to places at much greater distance to get the requisite quantity, which appears according to evidence to have been of a very indiftcrcnt qn;ilily throughout. Therefore, in so far as regards the founda- tion work of the bowhng green, the commiitee have, no doubt somewhat unwisely, homologated the doings of the contractor, and consequently are entitled to pay him for the several extra items charged in his statement of account. The "turfing" is exceedingly unsalisfactory. Th first and second cargos of lurf pariicularly had licen stowed away in the holds of tlie respective vessels along with other goods. The turves appear to have been shipped in a wettish condition, fermentation to a greater or less degree ensued, most of the grasses perished and what little life was left was not conserved as it ought to have been. Moreover, the turl, if placed at all in a radcsmanlike manner, closely fitting together at firbt (which looking to the green as it stands now is somewhat open to doubi), would never have contracted to the ex- tent of each layer being separate on a moist winter day to the extent of a full inch throughout unless they had been thoroughly saturated when laid. No doubt, judi- cious sanding, watering, and rolling, together with close shaving or mowing from the month of July, when it was so-called finished, to the end of October, would have helped appearances much, but nothing has been done. What was both the contractor's and the committee's business to correct remains uncorrected. It is not de- nied that the committee through their convener or in- spector ordered and paid of their own accord for the watering of the first portion of the turf when laid. By doing so they interposed authority and assumed a responsibility which generally belongs to the contractor, at least until the work is finished, and consequently the referee cannot rid them of a portion of the onus and its consequences of the bowling-green being in the plight that it is. The award must therefore strike at both parties, the contractor to supply the 500 square yards of turves same as specified, 12 inches wide, by 14 inches by 2 inches, and the committee to engage their own man and provide the funds for the laying of the same and finishing it. J. A. EDINBURGH BOTANICAL : Jan. 8. The third meeting of the Society for the session was held at 5, St. Andrew Square, Professor Dickson, Pre- sident in the chair. Palms. Mr. Lindsay gave notes on some of the large Palms at present growing in the Palm-stove at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, a portion of which will appear in our columns next week. PvTiiiUM ON Dahlias. A note was communicated from Messrs. Owen, Gorey, Ireland, on "The Occurrence of Pythium De Earyanurn on the Roots of Dahlias." The fungus at first appeared as brown patches, which gradually spread into the substance of the tuber. Wlien microscopically examined it was identified by Mr, Worlhington Smith as the above form. It was noticed that the cells invaded by the fungus hyphn^ were filled with bodies exactly resembling sphere crystals of inulin, while those in the normal condition had liquid contents. Saprolegnia. Dr. Macfarlane exhibited and described specimens of a Saprolegnia from the body of a blackbird found floating in a water-cistern. The fungoid growth on the sub- merged part of the body was wholly zoogonidial, while the portion immediately above water wa^ oogonidial. From several experiments subsequently made, he considered that the presence of the two generations under the above conditions was frequent. He drew attention also to the excellent results obtained by preserving such fungi in chrom-acelic acid, the microscopic appearances remaining quite as in the fresh stale. Nepenthes, &c. Dr. Macfarlane exhibited pitchers of Nepenthes and Heliamphora nutans received from Messrs. Burbidge and Veitch. The Nepenthes included N. villosa, Ed- wardsiana, Harryana, Rajah, sanguinea, Norlhiana, cincta, Lowii, and bicalcarata. He mentioned that in N. Lowii the digestive glands at the bottom of the pitcher were so large and densely arranged as to resemble a piece of shagreen. In Heliamphora nutans he pointed out a very striking resemblance in the young state to pitchers of Sarracenia rubra, this being departed from more and more as the pitchers became older. The Weather and the Plants. Mr. Lindsay gave a report on vegetation at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, for December, 1884. —Frost was registered on twenty mornings during the past month of December, indicating collectively 88' ; during the same month of 1883, 22" only were registered. Although frost has thus been pretty constant throughout the month, yet it has not been very severe at any parti- cular time, the lowest point reached being 12° of frost. On the 23d more or less frost occurred every night from the 15th till the end of the month. A slight fall of snow took place on the evening of the 16th, which had noi altogether disappeared by the end of the month owing \i the recurring frost at nights. The highest day tem- 124 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Qanuary 24, 1885. perature was 50°, which was registered on five occasions between the 6th and the 14th ; the lowest was 29° on the 22d of the month. The lowest night readings were on the 22d, 22°; 23d, 20°: 26th, 22°; 29th, 24°: 30th, 27° ; and the highest morning readings were on the 3d, 44° ; 7th, 46° ; nth, 43° ; I3lh, 46° ; 14th, 45°. The following six species of plants came into tiower, on the rock garden, during the month, viz., Crocus byzan- tinus, Helleborus niger angustifolius, H. orientalis, H. albicans major, H. purpurascens var. ; Hepatica triloba, making a total of 1 121 species and well marked varieties as having flowered during the past year. At the meet- ing of the Society on January 10 last, Mr. Lindsay exhi- bited flowers of fifty-three species of plants which were gathered out-of-doors ; to-day only twenty-six species could be found, none of which are typical spring flowers. S TA TB OF THE WE A THER AT BLA CKHEA TH, LONDON, Fob the Week Ending Wednesday, January 31, 1885. 1 a Barometer. Temperature of THE Air. Hygrome- trical De- ductions from Glaisher's Tables 6th Edition. Wind. •J X H Z 0 Ill 111 i f ,3 1 So m a 0&8 II z 1 JS 16 17 18 30 21 In. In. 29.82 +0-11 29,84 +0.11 29.89 +0.16 1 29.98 +0.24 30,03 1-1-0.29 29.91 +0.16 29.80 :-|-ao6 38.5 39.0 38.0 37-0 38.0 35-0 3>S 30.0 32.0 31 5 34-0 33.= 27-5 24.0 8.5 7.0 6-5 3-0 4-8 7-5 7-S 34.6 35-4 34 9 35 4 34-9 31.0 27.9 — 1.9 — 13 — 1-9 — "-5 — 2.1 — 6.2 — 9.4 32°.8 32.0 32.8 33." 33 • 28.8 23-8 93 89 91 91 92 E.N.E. E.N.E. E. E. E. N.E.: E.N.E. E. ; E.N.E. In. O.II 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mean 29.90 +o.ib 36.7 30-3 6.4 33-4 — 3-5 30 -9 ,o{ E. : E.N.E. 0.16 Jan. 13. — Rain in early moining. Dull day and night. — 16.— Dull day and night ; strong wind. — 17. — Dull day and night. — 18. — Dull day and night, — 19. — Dull day and night. — 20, — Dull day. Fine clear cold night. — 21. — Dull morninf; ; sun shining in afternoon. clear cold night. London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week ending January 17, the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea decreased from 29.06 inches at the beginning of the week to 28.91 inches by 9 A,M, on the nth, increased to 29.72 inches by 3 P.M. on the 13th, decreased to 29.71 inches by midnight on the same day, increased to 29.99 inches by 9 a.m., and decreased to 29. gS inches by 3 p.m. on the 15th, increased to 30.06 inches by 9 A,M. on the l6th, de- creased to 29.99 inches by 3 P.M. on the same day, and was 30. 1 1 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading of the barometer for the week was 29 76 inches, being 0.20 inch lower than last week, and 0.15 inch below the average of the week. Temperature. — The highest temperature in the shade in the week was 44°, on the nth ; the highest on the 13th was 35°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 3S°.4. The lowest temperature was 29°. 5, on the 13th ; on the nth the lowest temperature was 37°. i. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 3I°.6. The greatest range of temperature in one, day was 8°. 5, on the 15th ; the smallest was 5°. 5, on the 13th and 14th. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 6*. 8. The mean temperatures were — on January 1 1, 40°. i ; on the I2th, 33°,! ; on the 13th, 32°; on the 14th, 33°. 2 ; on the I5lh, 34°.6 ; on the i6th, 35°.4 ; on the 17th, 34°. 9 ; and these were all below their aver- ages (excepting the nth, which was 3°. 8 above) by 3'',3, 4°.4, 3". 3, i°,9. i".3 and i°.9 respectively. The mean temperature of the week was 34°. 8, being 2°, 7 lower than last week, and i°.8 below the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 67°, on the nth. The mean of the seven readings was 5i°.7. The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer with its bulb placed on grass was 20", on the 13th. The mean of the seven readings was 22°. 8. Rain. — Rain fell on five days to the amount of 0.25 inch. England; Tem/ei attire.— Dmiog the week end- ing January 17 the highest temperatures were 51°, at Plymouth and Leeds, and 49°. 7 at Nottingham. The highest at Bolton was 40°.2, at Hull 41°, at Liver- pool 42°. The general mean was 45°. 7. The lowest temperatures were at Wolverhampton, 25°,!, at Cambridge •25°.2, at Bolton 25°,7 ; the highest at Leeds, 31°, at Liverpool 30°. 9, at Not- tingham 30°. S. The general mean was 28°, 4. The greatest ranges were 24". 4 at Wolverhamp- ton, 22° at Plymouth, 20° at Bradford and Leeds ; the smallest ranges were 11°. I at Liverpool, 13° at Sheffield, 14° at Hull. The general mean was 17".3. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Plymouth, 42°.5, at Truro 42°.3, at Preston 40°. 9 ; and was lowest at Bolton, 37.°4, at Hull 37°.6, at Brighton 37°,S. The general mean was 39°. 4. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was highest at Truro, 34°. 3, at Liverpool 33°. S, at Preston 33°.6 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 29°. 7, at Cambridge 3o°.2, at Bolton 30°. 5. The general mean was 32°.!. The mean daily range was greatest at Plymouth, 9°.3, at Wolverhampton 9°, at Bradford 8°. 7 ; and was least at Liverpool, 4°. 9, at Brighton 5°. 8, at Sheffield 5°.9. The general mean was 7°. 3. The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 38°.!, at Plymouth 37°. 7, at Preston 37°. ; and was lowest at Bolton, 33°. 7, at Cambridge 33°. 8, at Hull 33°.9- The general mean was 35°.6. Rain.— The largest falls were 0.85 inch at Not- tingham, 0,80 inch, at Hull, 0.64 inch at Bradford ; the smallest falls were 0.03 inch at Liverpool, 0.06 inch at Truro and Bolton. The general mean fall was 0.33 inch. Scotland : Temperature.— Dming the week end- ing January 17, the highest temperature was 46°.7, at Edinburgh j at Dundee the highest was 39°.8. The general mean was 42°. 7. The lowest temperature in the week was 20°, at Perth ; at Leith the lowest temperature was 3i°,8. The general mean was 25*',9. The mean temperature was highest at Leith, 36° ; and lowest at Perth, 31°.!. The general mean was 34°, 2. Rain.— The largest fall was 0.49 inch, at Edin- burgh and Aberdeen ; the smallest fall was o°.oi inch at Greenock. The general mean was 0.30 inch. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. disturbance which was shown over Holland and the south of Denmark as the week commenced, there have been no depressions of importance in our neigh- bourhood, the distribution of pressure over north- western Europe being anti-cyclonic. During the earlier part of the time the highest pressures lay off our north-western coasts, and the lowest over the south of France ; but as the week progressed the former was slowly transferred to the south of Scan- dinavia, and the latter to the south-west of our Islands. The wind, after blowing freshly from the north at the opening of the period, subsequently became fresh or strong from the north-east and east, and finally moderate or light from the east or south- east. Summary of Temperature, Rainfall, and Duration of Bright Sunshine in the United Kingdom, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, for the week ending Monday, January 19, 18S5 j issued by the Meteorological Office, n6, Victoria Street, London, S.W, :— The weather has con- tinued in a cloudy, gloomy condition in most parts of Great Britain, with some fog or haze and a few showers of cold rain or sleet ; over Ireland, however, the sky has been rather clearer, and the rainfall very slight. The temperature has been below the mean in all districts, the deficit ranging from 2° in "Eng- land, N.E.," to as much as 6° in " England, S.W.," and '• Ireland, S.," and 7° in " Ireland, N.," and the "Channel Islands." The maxima, which were re- corded on the 18th or iglh in Ireland and Scotland, and on various dates over England, ranged from 39° to 44° in most districts to 46° in " Ireland, S.," and the "Channel Islands." The minima were generally registered on the 15th, when the thermometer fell to 16° in " Scotland, N.," 18° in "Scotland, E,," and to between 23° and 31° elsewhere. During the greater part of the week the diurnal range was very slight. The rainfall \a% about equalled its normal value in England, but has been less in all other districts, the percentages of possible duration varying from 32 in "Ireland, N,," and 28 in "Ireland, S,," to less than 4 over the greater part of England ; while in "England, N.E.," bright sunshine has continued altogether absent, • Degressions observed. — Beyond an irregularly shaped ©tjttuars* DEATH OF MR. ROBERT T. VEITCH, OF EXETER. We regret to announce the death of Mr. R. T. Veitch, of the Exotic Nurseries, Exeter, he being the last surviving son of the late Mr. James Veitch, of Exeter. Mr, Veitch had been in failing health for some time past, and had resided at Torquay during the last two winters, his death taking place at his residence there on Sunday, the iSth inst. In early life Mr. Veitch studied farming near Slough. He then went out to Smyrna as manager of an extensive corn-growing estate there, some time after removing to the Cape of Good Hope, and settling down as a squatter farmes in that colony. In the winter of 1856 he returned to Exeter, and joined his father in the management of the well- known nursery there. Since the death of his father he has been the sole partner in the nurseries at Exeter, until about two years ago, when his son, Mr. Peter Veitch (who was previously at the Chelsea establishment), joined him as a partner in the Exeter nursery. Mr. Veitch had an extensive knowlege of the pomology of the.Western Counties, whilst he rendered service to horticuture in introducing and placing in commerce some plants of rare interest and beauty, such as, for instance, the greenhouse Rhododendron (R. exoniense), and the beautilul climber, Tacsonia exoniensis, the popular Adiantum Farleyense, &c. The Exeter newspapers, in a long obituary notice, speak highly of Mr. Veitch as a citizen. He was sixty-two years of age, and leaves a widow and eight children — four sons and four daughters. The nurseries and seed business will be carried on by his son (Mr. Peter Veitch) under the same title as formerly, namely, Robert Veitch & Son, Mr. Peter Clifpe. The subject of this notice had served the Egerton family (of Tatton) as gardener for nearly half a century, first as foreman in the gardens at Tatton Park, and eight years subsequently as gardener to Lord Egerton of Tatton, at Mere Hall, till his Lord- ship's succession to the Tatton estates and title in 1S57, when Mr. Cliffe went with him, fulfilling his duties with great ability and faithfulness until his Lordship's decease in the beginning of the year 1883, The death of his employer was a severe blow to Mr. Clift'e, whose health had been failing for many years, the result of severe inflammation. He, however, was one of those old servants chosen by the present Lord Egerton to continue his services at Tatton Park, which he did until September last, when he was obliged by ^his failing health to retire from active life, and there is no doubt that his retirement affected him painfully in his then weak state. His Lordship kindly allowed him to retire on a pension of /I per week. During the last few weeks of bis illness Lady Egerton constantly visited him, which cheered him very much, bringing fruit and flowers. Mrs. j. Shirley Hibberd. On the 2Ist inst,, at The Priory Park, Kew, of peritonitis, Ellen, second wife of J. Shirley Hibberd. The Surveyors' Institution. — The next meeting will be held on Monday, January 26, when a discussion will take place on a paper (taken as read at the last meeting) by Mr, R, W. Mann (Fellow), entitled, " The Enfranchisement of Urban Leases," and a paper to be read by Mr. H. Martin (Fellow), entitled, " Recent Proposals for Leasehold Enfran- chisement." January 24, 1SS5.] "//£■ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 125 inquiries. ' He t/iat guestionsth much shall le,ir. fc-A."— Bacon. Horticultural Boilers. — Cruciform writes : — " While the correspondence is going on in your paper as to which is the most economical boiler for private and public gardens, will any reader kindly give his or thtir experience with the old Crucilorm boiler (not the modern Cruciform saddle) ? I fear, in these days of new inven- tions, this tine old boiler is nearly, or quite, lost sight of. If any one can give it a good word I will be pleased to add my testimony as to the value of the above old form of boiler." Myosotidu'M norile. — What is the proper soil and situation for this tine plant? D. Netentiies. — Would any successful cultivator of Nepenthes give a few hints on their cultivation ? D. Ranunculus Lvallil — Has any one succeeded in growing this fine -New Zealand Buttercup ? Answers to Correspondents. Address : W. Heid. Botanic Garden, Chelsea, S.W. Books : M. M. M. The Rose Amateur s Guide, by T. Rivers. »fFords ample information as to the propaga- tion of Roses and their culture in pots ; published by Longmans. Green & Co., London. The Clematis as a Garden Flower, by T. Moore, F.L.S., and G. Jack- man, of the Woking Nursery, is one of the best and cheapest works on the Clematis ; sold by G. jackman & Son, Woking Nursery, Surrey. — IK. IV. Fruit Farming for Profit, by G. Bunyard, Maidstone ; to be had of K. Stanford, Charing Cross, or of F. Bun- yard, 29, Week Street. Maidstone. Corrigenda.— On p. 58, col. 2, fourteenth line from the bottom, " waxing ■' should read "coaxing." CvPRirEDiUM INSIGNE : Constant Reader. Yes, it is imusual for Cypripedium insigne to carry two flowers on one stalk. It is considered to be the result of extra vigour in the plant. Diseased Pine Tree: E. V. We are not able to say what caused the death of the tree. The bark is per- forated by the grubs of a wood-eating beetle, but we do not think the insects caused the death of the tree. Insects : H. L. The heart of your Echeveria is eaten out by the larvse of the brown weevil (Otiorh>nchus sulcalus). Sift the earth carefully, and bake il, if * necessary, before repotting the plants. J. O. IV. Leaf from Surface of Apple : X. Rare, but not unprecedented. Pliny describes a variety which pro- duced one or two leaves from the side : " MelofoUis folium unum aUquando et geminum erumpit e latere medio." Lib. xv., cap. xiv. List of Persons Eligible for Pensions from the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution : Constant Reider. Ours was the correct one. Name of Business House: C. \V. S. A nursery- man at Cape Town, dealing largely in African bulbs, is Mr. Charles Ayres. Names of Fruit : Fowler, Leeds. Your Apple is named the Plum Apple. — ^. H. R. Not recognised. — W. &• G. Brmvn. Probably Golden Reinette.^ T. Cripps &» Sons. 20. Beauty of Kent ; 42, Osborn Golden Reinette ; 74, Mannington's Pearmain. Names of Plants : F. P. W. So far as we can tell from small scraps without flowers your specimens are as follows. Another time please send not more than four at one time. i, the Irish Yew ; 2, Taxus adpressa ; 3. Pic^a orientalis ; 4, Berberis dulcis ; 5. Leucothoe axillaris ; 6, Gaultheria Shallon ; 7. Vac- cinium nitidnm ; 8. Ruscus racemosus ; 9. Cotone- aster, sp. ; 10, Tsuga canadensis. — E. Thrupp. Zygo- petalum Mackayi ; the other indeterminable. — ^ . iV. Harlljnd. Seedling varieties of Gladiolus Colvilli. It is a pretty variety, but an English name for it would be better than the French one. — H. H. No. 2 isTra- cheliospermum jasminoides. which will do in the stnve, it the highest night warmth does not exceed 60° in the winter ; it is properly a greenhouse plant. PiCEA Parryana glauca : Fir Cone. The plants you mention are referable to two species, of each of which there is a glaucous variety, thus : — Picea En- gelmanni (a/i^j P. commutaia) and P. Engelminni var. glauca, Picea pungens {alias Parryana) and P. pungens glauca [alias Parryana glauca). The latter is by far the best as an ornamtnlal tree. Plants for a Tank in Conservatory : A Constant Reider. Calla palustris. white, from January to August ; Richardia sethiopica (Abyssinian Lily}, from January to May, white ; Cyperus alternifolius, January to September, greenish-white ; Juncus zebrinus, with zebra-like markmgs on the leaves ; Eichornea speciosa, a few blooms in early spring ; Limnocharis Hum- boldiii. sometimes in winter. The treatment the plants will receive will have much to do with having ihem in bloom during the time they are wanted, viz., from September to April, as not many species bloom in that period, unless compelled to do so by special treatment. Posy: A. D. XV. A contraction from "poesy," and originally applied to the copy of verses which accom- panied the gift of a bunch of flowers, and ultimately, when versifying went out of fashion, to the flowers themselves. Rainfall Register : E. Gilman, It is not desirable to insert any more tabulated matter concerning the rainfall than our weather record contains ; were we to do so we should be deluged. Scalded Leaves : //. //. Your Allamanda was scalded by the sun shining on the wet foliage. Secretary of Horticultural Society : D. A secretary should not vote ; he is present rather to record the proceedings. At the same time you have no rule to preclude him from doing so, and he should be as impartial as possible. Veronica : B. Of the three possible ways of pro- nouncing this word we should say V'eron-lca is the most usual, Vero-nica the most pedantic, and Vero- nCcka the most correct — that is, if the* Continental method of pronouncing Latin names (which is ad- mitted by scholars to be more correct than our own) be adopted, as it will probably be. Vine Growth ; A. F. The growth is due to an over- growth of the cellular and vascular tissue of the Vine, the vessels in particular being greatly increased. It is probably the result of the puncture of an insect, but we do not know this for certain. Fungus-like Growth on Camellias : B. of B. These outgrowths of woody formation are peculiar to the genus, and also to others, and are often found on old trees which have snags from pruned-off branches, and decayed portions of stem in specimens that have been at any time in old age headed back. It will sometimes be seen in the stem when split by the wii.d James Cocker, Aberdeen — Perennials, Alpine, Bulbous, Tuberous-rooted. W. J. Epps, Ringwood, Hants— Vegetable and Flower Seeds. W. RuMSEY, Waltham Cross— Select Seeds for Garden and Farm, and Seed Potatos. Clark Broth[.;us & Co., Carlisle— Garden Seeds. W. W. Johnson & Sons, Boston, Lincolnshire— List of Vegetable, Flower, and Farm Seeds. W. Baylor Hartland, Cork— Year- Book of Seeds. G. Cooling & Son, Bath— Vegetable and Flower Seeds, &c. W. Inglis, Kelso, N.B.— Vegetable and Flower Seeds. John Green, Thorpe, Norwich — Illustrated List of Plints. John Perkins & Sons, Northampton — Garden Seeds. T. SiBBALD, Bishop Auckland— Kitchen Garden and Flower Seeds. Jacob Wrench & Sons, London Bridge, London- Wholesale List of Agricultural, Garden, and Flower SL-eds. ' Bruant, iY Poitiers, Vienne, France— Special List of Novelties, and Special Collections ot Plants. Smith & Simons. 36 and 38, Howard Street, Glasgow- Cultural Guide. G. Bruce, 36, Market Street, Aberdeen— Spring Cau- logue of Seeds and Amateurs' Guide. Peter J. Perry, Banbury— Vegetable and Flower Seeds. William Bull. Chelsea, London— Select Flower and Vegetable Seeds. Kent ^ Bkydon, Darlington— Seed Guide. 'JnE Westekuam Nursery and Seed Company — Descriptive List of Vegetable, Flower, and Agricul- tural Seeds. W. PiERCY, 89, West Road, Forest Hill, London, S.E.— Early or Summer Flowering Chrysanthe- mums and October blooming kinds. R. & G. Neale, Wandsworth Common— Flower, Vege- table, and Agricultural Seeds, &c. w.a s Fig 2.^. — woody EXCRESCE^CE ON CAMELLItS. twisting the head round. It is not in itself injurious although being usually a sign of declining vigour, and therefore is seldom seen in young bushes of the Camellia. It may be cut clean out, and the wound filled in with grafting-wax, " L' Homme Lefort," or plaster of Paris. Painting with gas-tar will also arrest its formation. Vivisection : B. No doubt it is not right to do a little evil even for a vast good, but the question arises — What is evil under such circumstances? Is it evil to extract a tooth, or dose an unwilling child with castor oil? These things in themselves are evil, but they are not done with evil motive — quite the reverse ; and so, we suppose, they will continue to be done in spite of abstract morality. White Cineraria : y. C. P. It is not uncommon. ^g" Foreign Subscribers sending Post-Otfice Orders are requested to send them to the Publisher of this journal. 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, and to make them payable to William Richards, at the Post- Office, Drury Lane, London, W.C. Intelligent Readers, please Note. — Letters re- lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and NOT to the Editor, CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Fisher. Son & Sibray, Sheffield and Rotherham— Descriptive List of Kitchen Garden and Flower Seeds, and Horticultural Requisites. DOBic & Mason, 66, Dean Street, and 22. Oak Street, Manchester — Descriptive List of Reliable Seeds, &c. . lor the Garden and Farm. Hogg & Wood, Coldstream— Garden Seeds and No- velties. T. McKenzie & Sons, 34, Dawson Street, Dublin^ Gardeii Seed a. Communications Kecbived.— H. Longford (ihorily),— U. B. i-. (luxt week).— W. Baxter.— W. Hurlestone— H. J. Smuh. _o. O-I. U— J. C— J Prewett.-A. t;.— G W. K.-J.S. -J. Mcl.-W W.-J. O. W.-H. L.-J. M.-J. J^.- O. D -A. E.-R. M. C.-E. W. H.-J. S.-J. R- Caroline B — W. S.— E. S. D.— B. U. J - W. A.— Lucien linden— J. H — M. Godefroy— Dr. Heidman.— C. V. KiUy. J J. VV.-W. E. G. tlRTIL— On the isth inst., at The Priory Park, Kew, the wife of J. Shirley Hibberd of a daughter. ilarhtls- COGENT GARDEN, January 22. No recovery in business this week, prices remaining without alteration, with the exception of Grapes, which have steadily advanced, and good samples will now begin to realise their value. James Webber, WholesaU Apple Market, FkUIT.— AVERAGH WHOLESALE pRICES. J.rf. Apples, J^-sieve .. 16- — Nova ;cotiaand Cana ian, barrel lo o- Cobs per 100 lb. . . 60 o- Grapes, per lb. . . 2 O' Vegetables. - J Globe. d. s. d. 6 o 5. d. ' s.d.s d. -40! Lemons, per case ..12 0-18 o Pme-apples Eng. , lb. i o- 20 ■18 o I — St, Michael, each 5 o-io o - .. I Pears, FrcLch, doz. 30-90 - 5 o I Average Retail Prices. I. d. s. d. Lettuces. Cab., doz. 16-., Mint, green, bunch., i 6- ,. Mushrooms, p. baslct. i o- a o Onions, per buhhel . 40- .. — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Paisley, per bunch., o 4- .. Peas, per lb. .. 10-.. Hotatos, new, per ib o 6- .. Radishes, per d07, ,, 10-.. Rhubarb, bundle .. o 6- .. Salbify, per bund. . . i o- . . Seakale, per punnet 20-36 Small saiadiiig, per punnet .. ..04-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-.. Tomatos, per lb. ..10-16 Turnips, bun. .. 05- .. Artichokes, per doz. . . •■ 4 ( A- parafius, English, fjer bundle ..12 0-14 o — French, bundle ao 0-30 o J P-eans, Eog., per lOJ 30-.. llei I, per doz. -. 10- .. Cabbages, per doz, .. 1 6- a o Ca-ruts. per bun. .. 06- .. Cauitriowers, Eng- lish, dozen.. ,,30-40 Celeriac, per root . . 04- . . Celery per bundle.. 16-26 Cucumbers, each .. 10-26 Endive, Eng., dozen 10-.. Garlic, per lb, ..06-.. Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04 Horse Radish, bun. 30-40 Potatos. — Magnum Bonum":, 4'*- to 70s ; Regents. 70^. lo g'^s. Champiors. 45.1 to 60s. per ton. Market:* have a down- ward tendency. Cut Flowers. I. Abutilon. la bunches 2 Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 6 Azalea, 12 sprays .. t Bouvardias, per bun. i Camellias, per doz .. 3 Cattaiions, 12 bIms. i Chrjsanth., 12 bun.ia — large, 12 blooms 2 Cinerarias, per bun. i Cj c'amen. 12 blooms o Epiphylium, i2blms. o Eucharis. per doz. .. 6 Eut-hwbia jacquini- flora. 12 sprays .. 3 Gardenias, 12 blm5..i8 HeliotrODCS, lasp. .. o Hjacinlhs, Roman, 12 sprays .. ..I Lapageria, white, la blooms . . • • a — red, 12 blooms . . . . I Lily-of-Val., lasprayt i Average Wholesale Prices. d. t. d. s. d. t. d. Marguerites, 12 bun. 6^-90 Mignonette, 12 bun. 60-90 Narcissus. Paper- whiie, 12 sprays . . 36-30 — French, 12 bun. 6 o u o Pelargoniums, per 12 spiays .. .. I o- 3 o — scarlet, 12 sprays 09-10 Poinsellia, 12 blooms 30-90 Primula, double, bun. 10-16 — siiiensis, 12 bun. 40-60 .Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60 — French, per doz. 10-30 St'kesia, 12 blooms 10-.. Tropasolum, iz bun. 30-40 Tuberoses, per doz.. 20-40 Tuips, I z blooms .. 10-16 Vidlets, la bun. .. 16-20 — French, bunch.. 36-30 — Parme, French, per bunch . . ..70-90 Wal flower, 12 bun.. 40-60 White Jasmine, bun, 06-19 0-40 0-90 o- I 6 o- 1 6 0-80 0-30 o- 34 o 0-40 0-16 ■ 9 o 6 o c- I 6 ■ 3 o 126 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 24, 18S5. Plants in Pots— Avbragb Wholesale Prices. *• d. s, d. s, d. I, d. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o Ferns, in variety, per Ajbor-vitai (golden), per dozen . . ..60-180 — (common), dozen 6 0-12 o Arum Lilies, dozen g c-is o Azaleas, per dozen.. iS 0-^2 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o Cinerarias, per doz.. 9 0-12 o Cyclamens, per doz. 9 0-24 o Cypcrus, per dozen 4 0-12 o Dracaena [erminalis. per dozen .. ..30 0-60 o — viridis. per doz.. 12 0-24 o Epiphyllum, doz. ..iS o 24 o Krica, various, doz. g 0-18 o Kuonymus, various, per dozen .. ..6 o-rS o Evergreens, in var., per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o dozen . . ..40-180 Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each . . . . 2 o-io o Hyacinlhs, p^r doz. 8 0-10 o — Roman, per pot i o- 1 ^ Marguerite Daisy, per dozen . , Myrtles, per doz. Palms in variety, each Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen Pi^inrettia, per doz. 9 0-15 o Primula sinensis, per dozen .. ..40-60 Solanums, dozen .. 9 0-12 o Tulips, dozen pots .. 8 o-io o 8 o-is o 6 0-12 0 2 6-ai o 40-60 SEEDS, LoN'DO.v : Jan. 21. — ,\n increasing activity is now observable in the trade for farm seeds. More inquiries come to hand from the country, and a greater disposi- tion is shown to purchase Clover seeds. No change, however, as regards values can be noted. Americaii quotations come very firm. In spring Tares the ten- dency is in holder's favour. For Canary and Hemp seed the sale is not brisk ; values unaltered. There is a better trade for blue boiling Peas and Haricot Beans. John Shaw iSf Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, &Iark Lane, London, B.C. CORN, At Mark Lane on Monday trade was decidedly flat for English and foreign Wheats. Both were offered at bd. less money, and met very lew buyers. Flour also was very dull, and country marks were obtainable on easier terms. Barley, with diminished supplies offering, hardened in value. Grinding descripiions must be written td., and desirable mailing qualities bd. to u. dearer on the week. There was no quotable change in the value of Beans or Peas. Lentils ruled it. over the previous Monday's rates. Round Maize was very scarce at dearer rates, but fl.it corn was cheaper at 241. Oats were firmly held, last Friday's advance of 31/. from the previous Monday being maintained.— On Wednesday Wheat was very Bat, and to sell even in moderate quan- tity lower rates must have been accepted. Flour ruled dull, with a drooping tendency. Barley met a steady inquiry, and Monday's advance was well maintained on both nTalting and grinding descriptions. Beans and Peas were in moderate request, at steady value. Oats in some cases showed rather dearer rates. Round Maize continued firm, but flat corn was easier. Average prices of corn for the week ending Jan. 17 :— Wheat, 34J. 2d. ; Barley, 321. 3^. ; Oats, 20J. id. For the correspond- ing period last year :— Wheat, 38J. d fti-h only, is. per bag ; 15 bag';, izj. ; 30 bjps. 23^ , sent to all pirts ; tTucks, 23J., free to Kail. PEaT and LOAM. -A. FOULO^f, 32, St. Mary Axe, London, E C. OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society of England. Sacki, \s. each ; 15 sacks, 13J. ; :o sacks, 175 ; 30 sacks, 255.; 4osicks, 30,1 , ^acks included ; iruckload of 2 tons, loose, 231. All go'^ds free on to rail. Cash wilh all order, will oblipe.— J. STEVENS and CO.. *' Greyhound " Yard, and 153, High Sireet, Battersea, S.W, — Established 1872. GARDEN REQUISITES as supplied to the Royal Gardens.— LJei^t Quality. Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, ij. ptr sack ; 30 for 25^. — bags included. Trucks (containing 2 Toni) 25J., free on Rail. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 51. per sack ; 5 lor 22J. ^. ; 10 for 351. Black Fibrous Peat, ■\5. td. per sack ; lofor 30J. Coarse Bedford Sand, \s 3^. per bushel ; us. per Ja-ton ; 22^. per ton. Loam, Leaf-Mould, and Peat Mould, xs. per bushel. Guano. Crushed Bone.s, &c. Finest Tobacco Cloth, %d. per lb. ; 28 lb. for 185. Specialite Tobacco Paper, lOif. per lb. : 28 lb. for au. : jos. per cwt. Second quality, 7'/. per lb. ; 28 lb for i6s. Archangel and PetersburK Mat;. Piice LIST sent free. Special qnotalions to the Trade lor cash. W. HERBEKT and CO., Hop Exchange Warrhouses, Southwark Street, S.E. (near London Bridge), '^^^-- GARDEN REQUISITES Two Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included. PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 4s dd. per sack ; 5 sacks for acf. PEAT, best black fibrous . . 35. td. ,, 5 sacks for 15^. PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5^- od. ,, LOAM, best yellow fibrous . . "^ PREPARED COMPOST.bestf, , LEAF MOULD, best only ,. ( '^■ PEAT MOULD „ .. ) SILVER SAND, coarse. \s. -^d. per bush., laj. halfton, 32J. ton RAFFIA FIBRE, best only 8./. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported . . 8.^. lb., 28 lb. i8i. TOBACCO PAPER .. (^p<5cialile> 8(/. lb., 28 lb. 185. MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milllrack.. 5f. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected aj. per bush., 6f. per sack. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by CTiubb's special process), sacks, IJ. each ; 10 ^ack^, gr. ; 15 sacks, 131. ; 20 sacks. 171. 30 sacks, 255. ; 40 sacks, 301. Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 301. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in sacks only, is. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E. . per bush, (sacks included.) MEREDITH'S Vine and Gene-'Al Plant Manure. Manufactured by Joseph Meredith, lati of The Vineyard, Garston. GREAT INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EX- HIBITION, held at Hamburz — The MASSIVE SILVtR CUP given by Her Msjesty Quken Victoh!\ for the Best Specimen of Grapes was awarded to JOSEPH MEREDITH. This and other famous successes largely atlributabe to the use of this celebrated Manure. Used regularly in most of the leadi. g eslablishmcnti in the United Kingdom. CIRCULARS, with price and fu'l directions fcr U-e. free on application to JAMES MEREDITH, Seedsman, Ac , 12^, BRIDGE STREET. WARRING rpv. EUREKA!! INSECTICIDE. Prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, Stockbrldge, Edlnbursh Hi.^hest Award, Foy^stry Ejchibition. I'.iiubur^h. " Clovenfords, by Galashiels, N. B , July 25, 18S3. " Mr. Smith,— Dear Sir. — We have now tiied your ln^ec i- cide on all llie Insects we can fidd on any of our PJanl^, includ- ing Orchids, and used as directed by you we find it ii stant destruction to them all. while it 1. either stains nor injure the tenderest leaf. We shall in future use no Fir-tree Oil, or other Insecticide but yours. — We are, yours t uly, "WILLIAM THO.MSoN and SONS." irlWLES.lLE AGEXrS:— COBRT, SO PER, FOWLEK & 18. Plnsbury street, Lonilon, E.G. CO., VINE and PLANT MANUEE. The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, will in future sell their celebrated MANURE under the name of "COWAN'.S VINE and PLANT MANURE,"in place of "THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT MANURE." The composition will be the same, and the high quality in every way be maintained. Bags containing i cwt., lS.j. ; J cwt., Cjs. 6ti. ; | cwt, $5. ; i cwt, y. Circulars, with full particulars, on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYARD, GARSTON. BEESON'S ^ MANURE Is the best for all Horr-cultural Purposes. Sold In Tins at Is , 2s. 6d., and 103 6d. each ; also In Sealed Atr-tlght Bags, containing 1 cwt , 13s. T/tc- los. 6d. Tins if>ve as a strofig iubstantial receptacle to rejill from the i civt. bags. Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Nurserymen, tccdsmen, aud Florists in the Kingdom, or direct from the MANUFACTURER, W.HBeeson,Carbrool< Bone Mills, Sheffield. Testimonials from the Rev. Canon Hole, and most of the leading Gardeners, free on application. Pure Crushed Unboiled BONES, any size, for Vine BL^rdeis, &c. WHOI.RSALE '(iKNTS IN LuNUON, CORRY, SOPER. FOWLER & CO (Xlmlted). 12- oz Sample Packets, free by post. 12 stamps. "Ij^IBROUS peat for ORCHIDS, &a— JJ BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best qmhiy fnr Orchids Stove Plants. &c ,^66j. perTiuck. BLACK KlKkOUSPEAT, for Rhododendrons. Azaleas. Heaths. Ameiican Pliint Beds, iji. per ton per Truck. Sample Bae, 5J ; s Kags, 321 td. \ 10 Bags, 45J. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, icw 6rf. per Bag. SILVER SANU. Coatsc or Fine, 57^. per Truck of 4 tons. WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Staiion, Hants. PPS'S SELECTED PEAtT— Forty sacks, 2J. td. per sack ; 30 ditto, aj. d \s. from ihe Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (l.imted), Loi don. Imcortiiiit to Nurserymen, SeedBmcn, and Gardeners (^ EOKGE'S GENUINE ROLL TOBACCO VT PAPER, alio TOBACCO CLOTH, acknowledged to be the best in the market, and supt lied to most of the leading Nurserjmenand Seedsmen in EnglanO. Trade Price very low. Samples sent on application. J. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Read, Putney. S.W. PURE WOOD CHARCOAL FOR VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREFS. STRAWBERRIES, ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES. AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL FURPOSES. HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers. Leeds, Yorkshire. Y Rosber's Garden Edging Tiles. iliiiiiiii THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great dmability. T he plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or Insect?, take up little room, and, once put down, incur no further Ubour or expense. " - as do " grown " Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c.. in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior fii,ish, and in great variety of design F. ROSHER AND CO , Manutacturers, Upper Ground S reet, Blackfriars. S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ; Kingsland Road. E Aeents for lOuKER'S PATENT" ACME" FRAMES, PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also lor FOXLEVS PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c , from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of P.ain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for stlecti&n. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Gro'^ved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety, Slates, Cement,&c, F. ROSHER AND CO , Brick and Tile Mei chants. See Addresses above. SI L V E R S~ A N D, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits 10 any Railway Station, Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantitie*;. F. ROSHER AVD CO.— Addresses see above. N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wha. ves. A libfral Dist-nunt to the Tr^de. Oil Paint no Longer Necessary. ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. iReii^iered Trade Mark.) IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS, Iron and Wire Espalier, &c. H This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil pairt on all outdoor *oik, while it is fully two-thirds chf-aper. It was introduced upwards of thirty years ago by tl e Advertisers, and iis genuine gocd quality, notwithstanding a host of unprii;cipled imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing or ihinDinp, and is ui^ed cold. Ic is used in the grounds at Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seals nf many hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most flattering testimoniptis have been received. Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at \s, 6d. per gallon, at the Manufactory, or is Zd per galloi cirriage paid to auy Station in the Kingdom. Unsoi-icited Testimonial. *' Pierce/ie/d Park. June zt. 1876. — Sir=.~I have lhi^ d»y forwarded from Chep-tow 1 1 your address a bLtck varnish cask, to be filled and tciumtd with as good Varnish as ihe last we \\\6y which I candidly admit was the best weevtr hid. Address Varnish to Piercetielrl Park, Chepstow. — 1 an^. Sirs, yours ro- .specifullv. Wm Cox." CAUTION. — Hill & Smith would particu'arly warn their Customers against the various cheap Varnish -s now so much advertised. H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of commoi use on most of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ; and their constantly increasing trade in it, aud the numerous Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article, Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine. Laree illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field and El trance Gates J^c . sent free on application to HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, EC; and 196, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. CA T A LOGU E Free. Please name this paper. BAYLISS. JONES & BAYLISS, VICTORIA WORKS. WOLVERHAMPTON ; And 3, Crooked Lane. King William Street, London, E.G. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the most useful kind of Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should possess one. The sashes turn right over one 00 the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station in England, ready glazed and painted: — 6 feet long. 4 feet wide, packing cases free ^2 15 o 12 feet long, 4 feet wide, ,, ,, n 4150 6 feet long. 5 feet wide, „ „ .1 3 *5 o 12 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, .. , .1 6 10 o '1 he glass is nailed and puttied in. B. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESrEK. W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. W H LASCELLES A«n CO Mill give Esumates tor every descrip.ion of HOKl ICULIU RAL WORK, free of charge, and send competent assistants when nece'sary. LASCELLES' >EW ROCKWORK. material in various Samples can be seen and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill Rrw, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, F..C. Illustrated Lists of Worden Buildings, Greenhou«s and Confetvatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and slagts, sent ppjt-free on antiliranon. TM PROVED VINE ROD FASTEN EK L (Pateni). Great Fconomv in Time and L ibour. Sample B. >, coiilainlni; six d.vei', in three sizes, price 5J. SiM by k H AND J. PbAKScJN. Miand 143, Hich Streei, Netting Hill. L.mdon, W, ; and J. W DAKT, M. Auhn.'.s, Jersey. fPO BE SOLD CHEAP, BOILER and JL HOr.WATF.R PIPING for a large Greenhouse.— Apply R SAXTON. Plumber, Batley. GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, virgin Cork. Raffia, Mais. Bamboo Canes, Rustic Woik, Manures. &c. Cheape.st Prices of WATSOV ANu SCULL. 90, Lower Thames ft , London. E.C. Under the Patronage of the Queen S M I T H'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. The abf.ve Labels are made of a White Metal, with kaisbd DLACK-FACKn LliTTHKS. The Gardener's Magazine says : — " We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Li.ts free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, ic. Can be obtained in all sizes aud qualities of BETHAM & SON, 9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. E.C. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by lain , 30 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 30 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz, and 21-0Z. : and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in 200-ft. and ^oo-ft. cases. SPECIAL G LASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c. All sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application. T. & W. F A E, M I L O E, Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W. ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.— The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sizes ;— 6 ft. 6 in. by -x, ft. 9 in. at 25. ; 6 ft. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in at is. -id. \ 6 ft. 6 in. by 7 ft . 3*. id. Annlv to Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton. Tring. TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, I J.f. per yard ; 4 yards wide. -^d. per yard ; 2 yards wide, icj. per ICO yards ; 4 yards wide, 20J. per 100 yards. NEW TWINE N ETTI NG, r inch mesh, i yard wide, id.; 2 > ards wide. 4,d ; 4 yards wide, 8a'. per yard. HEXAGON GARDEN NET- TING, seventy-six me*.hes to ihe square inch, 51^. per yard. RABBIT NETS. BAT-FOLDING NETS, on Bamboo poles, 2or. CLAP NETS for birds, 30J. complete. W. CULLINGFORD. Forest Gate, London. E, JOHN SHAW AND CO., 31, Oxford Street, '' Manchestbr, Manufacturers of TIFFANY and NET- TING of every Description. Circular and Prices on application. THARPHAM, Practical RoCK BUILDER, • and General Horticultural Decorator (for many years leading hand with Diclc Radclyffe & Co., London), I 7, Church Street. Edgware Road, London, W. Esrimates free. T H. undertakes all linds of STONE. CORK, or COMPOSITION WORK, PLUMBING, and ZINC WORK in connection with Hoiticultural Decorations. Aquariums, Window Ca*es and Boxes. TILE FLOORS hid and all kinds of RUSTIC WORK made to order. Has obtained a Silver Medal, and also a Testimonial from Paris Exhibition for Horti- cultural Decorations. Orders by post punctually atlendeH to. Conservatories Furnished by Contract. TUFFA STONE, SPAR and CORK for sale, in stock. BuBsla Mat Merchants. ARCHANGEL MATS, PETERSBURG MAT?, of all qualities and sizes, RAFFIA FIRRE, TOBACCO CLOTH ai.d PAPER, &c. For Wholesale P-ices app'v to ihe laree*-! Impoiters and Manufaciu'ers — MAREN- DAZ. AND FISHER, 9, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C. J BLACKBURN and SONS, • Russia Mat Merchants and Imtorthrs. ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MATS of every de- fcription at wholesale prices for Packing, Covering, and Tying, fiom \is. per lox Manufaciureis of SACKS and BAGS, ROPES, LINES, and TWINES, SEED BAGS all siies SCRIM and TIFFANY, for shading and covering, in all widths : TANNED NETTING, TARRED TWINK and TARRED YARN, RAFFIA FIBRE for tying. TOBACCO PAPER and TOBACCO CLOTH. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, and GARDEN SUNDRIES. Price List free on application. Special Quotations to large buyers. 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C. RUSSIA MATS. JAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every desC'iptinn of RUSSIA MATS for Covcnng, Tying, and Packing, at the very lowest possib'e prices. TOBACCO P.APER. RAFFIA, BROWN PEAT, SILVER SAND, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE (Best only), and other HORTI- CULTURAL REQUISITES. Full Descriptive Piiccd CATALOGUE post-free on application. 149, Commercial Street, Shoredilch, London, E. SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE GARDENING andthe IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES, CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E. Principal— Mr. H. E. Milner. A.M. Inst. C.E. Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower. Pub ic Lectures. WEDNESDAYS at 4 p.m Prosuectus and full p,iniculars on application to the SUFEKINTEN DENT of the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Police. Mr. Milner has moved his Offices to the above address, where his professional work is now cirned on. Belirian. BULLETIN d' ARBORICULTURE. de FLORKULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAl- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1E65, by F. Burvh- NiCM, F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas. and H. J. van Hullr. Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern ment at Ghent. Post-paid, los. per annum. H I VAN HULLE. Botanical Gardens. Ghent. RelRinm. Farms. Estates. Residences. Any one de.iirous of Recting a Farm or Residence, or Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six haltncnny siamps for postage, addressed '* Midland Ctmities HeraidO^ct, Biimingham." Th« Midland Counties Hi rata always contains large numbers of advertisemenis relating to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review). — Among the principal Contributors are :— A. Allard, E. Andre. C. Ballet, T. Buchetet. F. Uurvenich, F. Ciipin, Comle de Gomer. De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de Dei.terghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis. J. Gillon, A. M. C. Jongkindl Coninck, J. Kicks, L. Linden. T. Moore, C, Naudin, B. Oliver, H. Orlgies, B. Pynacri, E. Rodigas, A. Siraux. O. Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van HuUe, J. van Volxem, H. j. Vciich, A. WestmacI, and P, Wolkenstein. This illustrated Journal appears on the ist ol every month, in Parts of 24 pages, Svo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous Engravings, 'lerms of Subscription for the United Kingdom: — One year, lu., payable in advance. Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium, Posi-oflfice Orders to be made payable to M. E. PVNAERT 8t the Chief Posl-oJfice. Ghent. January 24, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 129 BOULTON & PAUL, Norwich. SEND FOR No. 60 —Span-roof Plant Protector. CATALOGUES. No. 64.— Span-roof Plant Frame. The Gardeners* favourite Krame, ustd for storing bedding plants in winter, and in summer for growing Melons, &c., ar- ranged to buddocbiickwotk as shown, including 2 glass ends do Invaluable in '.Avge gardens for protecting plants in open ground, or storing same when turned out of conservatory. CASH PRICES, including Packing Cases. 6 feet long, 3 feet wide, including one pair of ends £1 3 1, ■g No. 74.-Tliree-nuarter Span-roof Garden Frame. o m » REDUCED CASH PRICES. Carriage Paid. Size. Lengi h. Width. Price. Packing Cases. No. 2 . . 8 feet . . 6 feet .. £^ i^ 6 . . sj. od. \ No. 3 .. 11 ,, . . 6 „ .. 6 5 o .. 6 o I No. 4 .. i6 ,, .. 6 ,, . . 8 o o .. 7 o I Height in front, ii inches, back 22 inches, centre 32 inches. Lights made to turn over. Set-opes for ventilating. All the Frames painted four coats and All these Frames carriage paid to any Railway Station Packing Cases allowed for in full if returned with; REDUCED CASH PRICES, Carriage Paid. Size. Length. Width. Price. Packing Cases. No. 2 .. 8 feet .. 6 feet ..£,1 $ o .. 41.6^'. No. 3 .. 12 „ .. 6 „ .. 4 12 6 .. 50 No 4 .. 16 ,, ..6 „ . . 6 o o .. 5 6 Depth m front 13 inches, back 24 inches, lights 2 inches thick, strengthened with iron rod. One handle to each light. Lights only. 6 ft, x 4 ft., unglazed and unpainted, 6j. each Glazed with2i-oz, hheet alass and painted 4 coats, \6s. each. glazed with best 21-oz. English Glass. in Eng'ai.d and Wale?, a!>o to Edinburgh and Dublin, n fourteen days in good order and duly advised. R. S. DUNBAR & CO (Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY), No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. HOT-WATER PIPES 2-inch. . IS. od. . 3- inch . IS. 4d. . 4-inch. IS. gd. per yard II II ELBOWS .. . IS. 2d. . . IS. gd. . .. 25. ^d. each. " 11 SYPHONS •• . IS. gd. . . 2s. 6d. . . T,s. 6d. each. i» ») TEES . \s. ()d. . . 2s. 6d. . .. 35. 6d. each. Boilers in great variety in stock. A Discount for Cash to the Trade. FOSTER & PEARSON, BEESTON, NOTTS u •< M > SB < W2 se p. o THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE HOT-WATER APPARATUS. s engravmg with B c u f-ed syphon, 12 ft. of 4-1 h hot water pipe, anl p cut juinis, complete, ^4 4J. 1 clivered free to any Station. Discount for Cash. This lb the simplest, cheap ;st, and most powerlul apparatus made, U requires no brick -itting, no stokehole, and no hot- water fitur for fixing. The B nler stands in the Greenhouse, the front only being outside and fl ish wuh the outer wall, so that the whole of the heat from the boiler iisell is utilised. It burns over 12 hours withou attention, at a nominal cost. _'* Loughi orouph" Boilers to heat up to 650 ft. of 4-in. pipe, with hot-waier pipe, joints, &c., always in stock. COST OF APPARATUS F )R HOUSES OF ANY SIZE ON APPLICATION. The measuiement of Greenhouse being given, every apparatus is de'ivered with pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing. Illustrated Llal' with lull particular?, post-free. Note — All gciiuinc Boilers have " The Loughborough Boiler " cast on. DEANE & CO., Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, ^%^L"clE;'a'"} LONDON BRIDGE. The Original and only Genuine Trentham RIvetted Boiler. Recently Improved and B educed in Price. Also Makers of all other kinds of Boilers for Heating. HOT-WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS of every desciiplion for Healing App.iratus. THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM. HIGH a..d I.UW fKt.S UKt. and Hljl-AIK HEATING APPARATUS ERECTED ai.d GUARANTEED. FRED. SILVESTER, Castle Hiil foundry, Newcastle, Staffordshire. TH08. W. ROBINSON, DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE. Hie " Expansion Joint." TbeBest 4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. ^d. each ; 4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. tyd. each. Pnce List on apfiltcation. IMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER. PATENT. Vine Rods are now attached to the wire, or lowered to be pruned, in a (tw moments. The fastener is alwaysieady. and being made of ttrotig material will last several jea'S, Many ex- perienced Vine growers have already adooted ii, aiid ex^ reused their entire appi oval of the result. lii x containing 6 dozen, price 5^. Sold bv R. H. AVD J. PEARSON, 141 and 14^ High Street. Nottine Hill, W. ; and J. W. DART. St. Aubins. Jer>ev. JOHN CORBETT, Hot-water ENGINEER, C(JR HO RATION ROAD. CARLISLE, iLvenlor and Sole Manu'actnter of the RIGMADEN WROUGHT-IRON WATERWAY FIRE- BAR BOILERS The best and most tcjnomicil Boilers ever intioJuctd An additional heaiing power of fully one-ihird 11 obtained by ihe use ot these Wroueht-non Wateiwav Utts. Ckii-chfS, Schools, and nil Horticultural Buihi'ngs Htatei on the itioit afproved prif.ciples by Hot Water. PLANS AND ESTIMATES FREE. 130 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 24, 1885. THE GARDENERS^ CHRONICLE. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING. Head Ltne cJiarged as two. 4 Lines. ../o 3 0 15 Lines -lo S 6 ft ... 0 1 6 16 Jt ... 0 9 0 fi ... 0 4 0 17 )) ... 0 9 6 7 ... 0 4 6 18 1> .. 0 10 0 8 ... 0 ; 0 19 !J ... 0 10 6 9 ... 0 S 6 20 )J ... 0 1 1 0 10 ... 0 6 0 21 n ... 0 1 1 b 11 ... 0 6 6 22 ... 0 12 0 12 ... 0 7 0 23 1) ... 0 12 6 13 ... 0 7 6 24 )) ... 0 13 0 14 J) ... 0 8 0 25 j» ... 0 13 b AND SIXPENCE FOR E\ ERY ADDITIONAL LINE I( '.f across columns, the lowest charge will be 301. Page ..A9 0 0 Half Page . . .. 5 0 0 Column .. 3 5 0 GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS. 26 words iJ. 6ti., and 6 PATENT sif X The Future Boiler for X Nurserymen and Gardeners, FOR Heating any amount of 4-inch Pipe up to 15,000 feet. Advantages over all other in- ventions :— The greatest amount of heat from less fuel. As seen by diagrams some tubes are in the very centre of the fire and others sur- rounded by fire. This Boiler is a combination of tubes, to meet the requirements of "Y^ the times. X Applicant! are requciled to write Ihcir addresses plainly. T. W^OOD, Hot Water Engineer, RUDGEWAY HOUSE, EASTVILLE, BRISTOL. Gentlemen having Waste or Unprofitable liand SHOULD Apri.v FOi; PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES TO Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S., CALCOT GARDENS. READING. BERKS. Vol I -isa pp., 743 IlUistrations, Now Ready, Price 15^. The' ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY of GARDENING: a Practical Encyclop,-i:dia of Horli- culture for Amateurs and Professiooals. Illustrated %v.lh upwards of 1800 Engravings. Also m Fortnightly and Monthly Parts, price td. and iJ. each. . ,,, ^ London : L. UPCOTT GILL, 170, Strand, W.C. THOS. GARNETT, Cavendish Gardens, thanks the many applicants for the Vacancy, and to say that Mr. J. TOPP. of Burghley Gardens, HAS BEEN ENGAGED for the post. ANTED, a PARTNER, or to PUR- CHASE one of the best concerns in the Trade, enjoying a fine ai:d rapidly-increasing business. An altogether exceptional opportmiity for a capitalist. Amount required from ail Incomer, not less than ;£5c03. . Arrangements could probably be made to retain the services ot the Managers and Foremen.— Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROt AND MORRIS, Auctioneers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, City, E.L. To Sons of Gentlemen. WANTED, by a Gentleman in Florida, a P.ARTNERina Nursery ai d Cut Flower BusineM. Capital required .^joo. For further particulars apply 10 J. N. GOULD, Esq , 10, Portman Square, London, W^ ^ Head Working Gardener WANTED, an active iMAN, who thoroughly understands the Management of Vines, Greenhouse, and Kitchen Garden. Wages (.1 is. per week and house.— T. COPE, Esq , Osbaston Hall, Hi.ickley, Leicestersnire. ANTED, a PRACTICAL GARDENER, where horse is kept. One who thoroughly understands Stove and Greenhouse Plants and one who has a taste for Carpet Bedding. An abstainer preferred. — State age and reference. CHARLES THROP. Seedsman. Halifax, Yorks. WANTED a GARDENER, married, without children ; age 35 to 40— a hard working man — to take charge of Garden. Lawn, and Houses, requiring skill and to be kept in perfect order, of about i acre in size, near Walford, Herts. Ihree to assist. Able to superintend care of four Cows. Wife good Dairy Woman, to Churn, lake charge of Dairy and Poultry Yard. Dwelling of three rooms, coals. Wages i,i lor, per week. — M. R.. 6, Ennismore Gardens, London, S.W. WANTED, a married man, as GAR- DENER.—Range of Glass, Pleajuie and Kitchen Garden. Wife to attend to a small D..iry and Poultry. Assist- ance given. Good cottage in garden GEO. BOLION, Nurserjman, Wyddial, Buiitingford, Herts. WANTED, ^ii ATTENDANT GAR- DENER; must be single, not mote than 35.— Warwick County Asylum, Hatton, Warwick^ W' ANTED, a FOREMAN ; age not under 24. Must be a good Plant Grower and good Grape Thinner. Wages 2ir per week.— Apply, by letter, to J. F. WILKINSON, The Gardens, Highlands, Minchin Hampton, Gloucestershire, Foreman for Fruit Tree Department. WANTED, for a large Nursery, where Fruit Trees are grown very extensively, a first-class man, for a large charge. — Apply, with all particulars, lo X, X. X . Gar- deners Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, a NURbERY FOREMAN. Must understand the Propagation of Roses, Cjniterae, Fruit Trees, and General Nursery Stock.— Apply, staling experience, wages required, and full particulars to the LIVER- POOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan) Limited. The Vineyard, Garston. ___^__^_^____ _ ANTED, a PROPAGATOR and FORE- MAN, for the Houses. Must be a good Propagator and Grower ot Roses and Cut Flowers.— The CRANS'lON jnURSERY and SEED CO., King's Acre. Hereford. ANTED, a good PROPAGATOR of Tea Roses. Clemitises, Conifers, and Hard and Soft Wooded Plants.— Apply, with references, to HALSTEAD AND SHAND, Penny Street, Lancaster. ANTED, as JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, a thorouahly steady young man who under- stands his work and not afraid of it ; age about 21. Wages i6j. per week, bothy, &c.— T. LOCKIE, Oakley Court, near Windsor, Berks. Niirsery Hands.— Constant Work. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, TWO or THREE active, steady young MEN, thoroughly accustomed to transplanting Quicks and general Hard Nursery Stuff, either by piecework or otherwise.— Apply to the FOREMAN, W.W.Johnson & Son, Nurserymen, Boston, Lincolnbhire. WANT PLACES. WANTED, a young MAN, chiefly for the Houses. Must be quick at Potting and General Market Work. One who would not object to a litUe Outside Work occa.sionaliy pieiened.— References and wages required to JOHN HAYWAKD.The Nurseries, Cheadle.nearManchester. ANTED, a situation by a respectaljle youth in the Houses, or partly.— Age 18. Total ab- stainer. Four years' experience.— H. J. P., Mr. Stent, byfield, Bickley, Kent. ANTED, an IMPROVER, part in the Houses and part Outside. Only those with good character and are active and willing need apply. Waces to commence at 12J. per week, with bothy, milk, and vegetables.— G. KING, The Gardens, Wolsey Grange, Esher. ^ WANTED, a Gentleman to take the entire CHARGE of the COUNTING HOUSE of a leading Nursery Establishment, Preference given to one w;ho could invest in the business a considerable amount of cash, with a view to present or ultimate purchase. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, CheipMile, E.C. WANTED, a JUNIOR CLKRK ; one accustomed to the Nursery and Seed Trade preferred. Must be a competent book-keeper, a good quick writer and correspondent.- Address, suiing age, experience, salary, and referei.ces (which must be unexctptionabie) to W. W. JOHN- SON, AND SON, Nuiserymen and Seed Merchants, Boston, Lincolnshire. — _ Bouquetlst. WANTED, a young LADY, who thoroughly understands making Bouquets, Buttonholes, Crosses, &c to wait on Customers and live in the house.— Apply, by letter, in own handwriting, stating wages required, references, S.C , to W. MEADMORE, Market Place, Romford. BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he • has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N, C O T C H GARDENERS. — John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin- burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH G.^RDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging from ,£50 to ;£ 100 per annum, and he will be pleased to supply full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust- worthy and competent Gardener. I C HARD SMITH and COl beg to announce that they are consiantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any L^dy or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. RCHID GROWER and GARDENER.— William Kidd, Orchid Grower to Dr. Paterson, Fern- hill, Bridge of Allan, will be happy to engage to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a practical Orchid Grower and Gardener. First-rate Plantsman, well up in all branches of the trade. Sixteen years' experience in leading places. Highest references from present and past employers. Strictly sober. — Address as above. 'PHE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL -■- CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur- series, Garston, can recommend a first-class GARDENER to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of such, GARDENER (Head).— Neil Sinclair, Gardener to the Marchioness of Downshire^ will be pleased to recommend his Foreman (H. Howell) to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical man in all branches of the profession. Total abstainer. (:j_ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or V--* Gentleman. — Mr. Henderson. Gardener to J. L/eacon, Esq., Mabledon Park, Tonbridge. can with confidence lecom- mend his Foreman, Wm. Couzens, as above. Good practical experience in ah branches of Gardening. Abstainer. ARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— Mr. Fletcher, Holywell Park, Wrotham. Kent, wishes to highly recommend her Head Gardener, A. Stevens. Thoroughly competent to Manage any place. Has been with her si-\ years. Leaving through no fault GARDENER (Head) ; age29.— Mr. Oilman, Gardener to the Earl of Shrewsbury and Talbot, Ingestre, Stafford, can with confidence recommend his principal Foreman, E. Gregg, to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a good practical Gardener. — Address as above. ARbENER~(HEAD) ; L^nd "and Woods if required, — Age 34, m irned ; upwards of twenty years' sound practical experience in some of the leading establishments of the country.— HAROLD, Mr. Myalt, Hamber Lane, Preston, Wellington, Salop. GARDENER (Head), where three or four are kept. -Age 35. married, one child ; twenty years' practical experience in all branches of the profession ; six years with present employer. — L. TAYLOR, Gardener, Putney Paik, Surrey, S.W. GARDENER (Head) ; age 31.— E. Simpson, Head Gardener to Lord Wrotiesley. Wrottestey. Wolver- hampton, can with confidence recommend his G:neral Fort nun, W. Holdcroft, to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman, as a competent, trustworthy man, in the general routine of Garden- ing. Three years in present situation, GARDENER (Head). — Messrs. Veitch & Son would be pleased to recommend to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman, a thorough good practical man in all branches of the profession and the Management ol large Gardene.— Messrs. VEITCH and SON, Exotic Nurseries, E.xeter. /^ARDENER(HeaD).— Married; thoroughly VJ experienced in Early and Late Forcing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Flower and Kitchen Gardcnmg. Successful Grower and Exhibitor of Orchids. Twenty-eight years' ex- perience, 12 years in present situation. Excellent character. — A. B., Mr. B. Findlay, Royal Botanic Gardens, Manchester. GARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married ; thoroughly experienced in the Management of Glass- houses, also in Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Has been a successful exhibitor. Eight years in present situation ; leaving on account of death of late employer. — Mr. G. FISHER, Gardener, Glanbrydaw Park, Manordeilo, Carmarthenshire. ARDENER (H E a D). — Baron W^L Schroder desires to recommend his Head Gardener to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical man ; age 39, Scotch, married, one son. Seventeen ye.irs' highest testimonials. -GEORGE STARK, Rookery Gardens, Nantwich. Cheshire. ARDENER (Head),— Mr. Hardwick, of HoUanden, Tonbridge. wishes to highly recommend his Head Gardener (G. Goldsmith), who has lived with him eight years, and six years with previous proprietor. Leaving on account of family moving to town.— For particulars apply to P. C. HARDWICK, Esq.. address as above. C GARDENER (Head) ; age 28. — Mr. T BODDKV, Gardener to the Right Hon. Viscount Boyne, Burwarton Hall, Bridgnorth, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman (J. Leest) to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services ot a tborouj;hIy competent and trustworthy man. Four- teen years' experience in good establishments. — Address as above. C 'I ARDENER (Head) ; age 28. — George X Channing, Gardener to Colonel Loyd. Lillesden, Hawkhutht, Kent, would be pleased to recommend to any Lady or Gentleman a thoroughly trustworthy man. Has been piincipal Foreman in the Gardens here two years. Can also be highly recommended by Mr. Norman, Gardener, Hatfield House, Herts. Has had experience in some of the principal Gardens in England.- Address as above. January 24, THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 131 GARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married ; experienced in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Forcing, Fruits. Flowers, and Vegetables, Kitchen and Flower Garden- inc — JAS. HOWELL. LodRe. 'I hu.croft H:.ll. Rothcrham /:jARDENER (Head) ; age 35.— H. Ebbage, V_J for the past live years with J S. liuckett. Esq., is now disengaged in consequence of the decease of that ecniltnisn. and is «t liberty to cnRagc with any Nubleniau or Genilcman who requiies a practical man well up in Orchids and General Koutiiie of Ga'dening, having had extensive practice in seine of t e he^t evtablishments in the countiy. Good references. — H. KBBAGE, 1, Sianifonh Coitage, Upper Oapton. E. GAkDener (Head Working).— Eight years ■ in I.i*t situation. Highly recommended. — B L., Gatiieiurs' C}triit,icleO^\zei, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, m>rri d ; thoroiiehly experienced in all branches. Highly recrmmTi.led.— E, L.. 4. PonUnd Place, Northern Road, West Kensington, l-onr on. W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married, no f.imily. Trtemy-four j ears' experience in good places.— McHARDY, a, The Limes, Moffat Road, NewThoiu- ton Heath. S.E. ARDENEK (He.ad Working).— Age 26, marriei, no family ; twelve ye.irs' experience in all brsDches. Exc-;llent le^tMllonials fr^m orevioui employers. — H. D.. 15. Versa lies Ko^d. Anerl.y. S.E. ARDENEK (Head Working), where others are ke -t —Age 4c, co incumbrance. Wife can take Dairy, Plain Co king, cr General Houbework. Good re- ferences.—J. S., Mr. T. foster, Claremont Nursery, Esher, Surrey. C:j.ARDENER (He.ad Working).— Age 31 ; * thoroughly understands Vines Melons, Cucnmbeis, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flo- er and Kuchea Gaidening. Eight years in present siiuaiion. — W. S. .Pltasant Cottages, Sutton, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working), where more are k-pt. — Thor tighly experienctd in Vmes. Cucumbers. Slovc and Gree»>house Pl.tnis, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Land and Stock. £x:eileitt testimoniitls — A. B., 13, Camden Street, Colebrocke Row. Islington, London. N. ARUENER (HE.iD Working), where three or more are kept — Age 27 ; thoroughly experienced in Early and Late Forcing, Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchtn Gart ening. Nine years' good character. —E. VARNEY. Stowe Gardens, Buckingham. ARDENER (He.\d Working).— Married, no children ; thorjughly understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good charact-ir from lajt employer. — W. BINT, Belmont House, Antrobus Road, Acton Green, Chiswick. W. ARDENER (Head Working).— Married ; thoroughly understands Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Pines, Vines, Peach;s, Early and Late Forcing, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Gond chtrjcter; — VV. W., 64, St. James Street, TraflTord Road, Tr^ffird. Mai chester. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 42,. girl and boy,* thoroughly uni5erstands Gardening in all its branches ; Land and Stork if require^. Wife would undertake the Dairy, or Assist oth:rwiae Three years* undeniable character.— H. DOWNS. Boxley, Maid-tone. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40; experienced in Vineries, Stove and Greenhouse, Kitchen and Flower Gaidening, &c. Eight yea's' references. Wife can take Dairy.— C. L., Garden' rs* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. ARDENER (He.\d Working). — Age 32, married ; understands Early and Late Foicing, also Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Eiiibt years' good character.— S. R., 89, Stoke Newington Road, N. ARDENER (Head Working), where more are kept. — 1 horoughly experienced in Early and Late Fcrcing of Frnit, Cut Flowers, Siove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Land and Stock.— Y., 23, Salisbuiy Road, Upper HoUoway, London, N. C:iARDENER (Head Working), where two ^ or more are kept.— Age 34, married ; thoroughly experi- enced in Vines, Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Twenty years' experi- ence : over six years in last situation. Good character. — X.y., Mrs. Mu-fins, Handsworth, Sheffield. GARDENER (Head Working).— Middle- aged, married, no famdy ; thoroughly understands Stove, Greenhouse, Cucumbers, Melons. Vinei:, Peaches, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good rharacter and refer- ences. Can be recommended.— GARDENER, 152, Cloudesley Road, Islington, London. N. ARDENER (Head Working, Single- HANDED, or Otherwise) —Age 25 ; understands Vmes, Peaches. Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character from last and previous employer. — C. W. S., The Gardens, Moor Hail, Stourport, Worcestershire. ARDENER (Head V\ orking) ; married, no encumbrance. — H. Hunt, late Head Gardener to Sir G- R. Prcscott, Bart , seeks a situation as above. Twenty-four years' good practical experience in all branches. Early and Late Forcing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Flower and Kitchen GardeiiinE;. Excellent references.— H. HUNT, New Road, Earlswood, Redhill, Surrey. GARDENER, where two or three are kept, or good Single-handed.— Age a6 ; eleven years' expe- rience. Good character.- J. WALKER, 7, Salterns, Sea View, Isle of Wight. ARDENER and BAILIFF, to any Lady or Gentlemen ; age 32.— W. Kendall, who is leaving the Right Honourable Sir W. B. Brett, desires to fill a similar place. Character from the above and experience will bear the strictest enquiry.— Heath Farm, Watford, Herts, /^^ ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 28, V>* married, no family ; well up in general routine of Gar- Hciiing. Can be well lecommenCed. — E. POSNETl', Dane Street, Bishop Siortfoid GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 26 ; understands Vines Peaches, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gaidening. Good character and references.— T. STRANN, 2, Church Road, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. GARDENER (Single-handed). -Age~4o, married ; understands Cucumbers, Vmes, Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, &c. Eight years' good cha- racter.— S. D., Gedi.ey & Marriage, Fern Nursery, Lower Edmonton. GAI^DENER (Single-handed), or LA\VN FOREMAN. — Ace sS. married, two children ; good experience in all branches. Four and a hair years' good ch;iracter. — T. FIN ALL. 16. Duinford Place. Kenlish To«n, N.W, /■^ARUENER (Second), or JOURNEY- V-* Man, in the Houses, in a good est?h!isnmeiit. — Age 21- good ch.aracter. Bothy preferred. -A. WRIGHT, The Gardens. West Harling Hall, Thettord, Norfolk. /^ARDE'ner (Third, or Improver) ; ^^ age 20.— J. Lir.LVwinTe, Florist, I've, King-,toii-on- Thames, can strongly recommend .^ steady, energetic man as above. Good knowledge. Boihy preferred. AKDENER (Under).— Youn- ; with fair knowledge of In and Outdoor Work. Two years in last place.— W. K.. Wood Green Park. Che'hunt. N. (:j.ARDENER (Under).— Willing to make V-fl himself useful, can milk if required. — J. G.. 39 Howley House, Howley Place. Maida Hill, Paddington, W. ARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's place.— Miss MAC^LnrJE Leny, Speldhurst Rectory, Tunbndge Wells, wishes to recommend a young man (age igj^i who has been in her employ lor three years, and who wi.hes to better himself. For recommendation and character, address as above. P'OREMAN, in a goorj establishment.— Has -L had long experience in first class estabti^hments : under- stands Early and Late Forcing, and General Routine of a Large Garden. Highly recommenried from present and previous places.— J. TOV, Enville, near Stourbridge. StalTordshirc. To Nurserymen, &c. Tj^OREMAN (Working). — Eleven years' -^ experience as Propagator, Grower, &c , for Market. Good budder, Gralter. Phntsman. &c. Good Salesman. Highrst testimonials.— W. W., Broomy Hills, Belmont, near Hereford. I^OREMAN (Indoor), in a good Nursery, X- where Plantsand Cut Flowers are giownfor Market,- Age 21 : twelve years' experence in the Nursery and Florist Trade. Well upm Wreaths and Bouquets. Five years in last place ; excel- lentcharacter.-CH AS. SMITH, 2, Pennell's Cottages, Lincoln. To Nurserymen. Tj^OREMAN (Indoor). —Thoroughly prac- -L tical man, skilful Propagator, and successful Grower of first-class Nursery Slock in large quantities. Unexceptionable references from leadmg London. Provincial and Scotch firms -JOHN GODFREY, Messrs. Ireland & Thomson, Golden Acre Nurseries, Edinburgh To Nurserymen. Tj^OREMAN AND propagator.— One of -*- the most practical men in the trade is open to an engage- ment.— A. B.. Qldfield Nurseries, Altringham, Cheshire. ORE man, or PROPAGATOR and grower (Indoor). Market or oiherwise. —Twenty yeais' practical experience in producing large quantities of Cut Flowers and Flowering Plants.— G. L., 30, Minster Road. Stamford Hill. N. tpOREMAN PROPAGATOR and .-*- GROWER (Indoor), — Ten yeais' practical experience in leading London, Provincial, and Market Nurseries : Wreaihs, Crosses, &c. First-class reference —CHAS. GODFREY* 19, Nelson Road. Rock Ferry. Birkenhead. PROPAGATOR.— Age 22 ; five years' ex- ■*- periance in the Propagation of Roses, Fruit Trees, Conj- ferae, Rhododendrons, and General Nursery Stock, Good references.— T. RIGG, lo, London Road Terrace, Carhs'e. "PROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Young -L man ; well up in all kinds of Stove and Greenhouse Plants and General Indoor Work. — W. J. C , 3, Corpus Street Cheltenham. ' PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 26 ; J- twelve years' experience In and Outdoors, Forcing and Cut Flowers line.— T. S., ii, Heaih Terrace, Twickenham, Middlesex To Nurserymen. ~~ PROPAGATOR and GROWER. —Age 26, -*- single; eleven years' experience. Well up in Propa- gating and Growing all kmdsof Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Can be well recommended. — L. H-, 144, Manor Street thpham. S W. ' JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good t/ establishment.— Age 23 ; highly recommended. Bothy preferred.- A. Z., Ashton, near Oundle, Northamptonshire. JOURNEYMAN, in a good estabHshment, ^ — Age 23 ; seven years' experience. Good refeience — E. BUTT. Aimer Rectory, near BlandTord. D-rset. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 22.— William Mavdury, The Rookery Gardens, Doikiif, will be pleased to recommend to any Gardener, a steady ii.- dustrious young man as above. Two years in present situation. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; ^J six years' experience, two and a half years in present situation. Bothy preferred.— A. L. CARTER, Chiswick House, Ch IS wick, Middlesex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good tj establishment.— Age 19 : can be highly recommended by present employer.— ROBERT THOMAS, Aberaman Park Gardens, Aberdare, Glamorganshire. TOURNEYMAN,inagoodGarden.-Age2i; * ' has had ^even years' experience, the last two yeais in the Fruit and Plant-houses at Wclbeck Abbey. Well used to Fur- nishing.— ). KKNNEDV, Ivy B.ink Gardens, Burnley. JOURNEYMAN (Third), in the Houses, in ^f a good private esiablist msnt or MARKET FRUIT GROWIlR. — Age 21 : six years' experience. Gotid references. -A. W. SEABROOK, Princess Road, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. JMPROVER.— Age iS ; two years in Flower -L Ctrden and Houses. Good character. State wages. — J. SHIELD, Knole Park, Almondsbury, Gloucestershire. O HEAD GARDENERS.— Wanted to place a young man, as an IMPROVER under some prac- tical Gardener. Is used to Cows. A premium will be given. — W, KNIGHT, Hawthorn Nursery, Whitmore Reans, Wolver- hampton. '■PO NURSERYMEN.— A young man (age 19) .-■- seek.; situation ; ihorouthly understands Buddmg. Graft- ing. Layering Willing to m^ke himself generally useful. Outdoor.^.— A. R. C , The Nurseries, Warminster Wilts. fllO MARKET GARDENERS.— Wanted a -■- jituation, where Choice Flowers are Grown fjr Market preferred. Good references, At^e 32 —A M., 187, Cleethorpe Road, Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire. ''FO GARDENERS.— WanTed to place a lad -*- (age 17) in a good Garden as Impnver. with Premium. — THOS. TRUSSLER, Wmdmill Hill. Enfield. O NURSERYMEN and LANDSCAPE GARDENERS —Wanted, to place out a youth, a?ed 16. Is a good Draughtsman and has been two years in a good Garden. Would prefer a situalion where he would obtain a good knowledgeof Landscape Gardening —Mr. CHAD WICK, The Gardens. Hanger Hill Ilou^e, Ealing, W. TO HEAD GARDENERS.— Wm. Dennis, Gardener to the Marchioness of Westminster, Motcombe H luse, Shaftesbury, Dorset, wishes to place his son. a strong youth of 16. under some good Gardener, to live in bothy or otherwise. Premium. JNVOICE CLERK, ^iid FOREIGN J- CORRESPONDENT (French and German).~Eiehleen months in one of the leading and largest nurseries. Appren- ticed tn the trade. Can be highly recommended.— G. E., Sea- brook & Co., Swanley Junction, St. Mary Cray, Kent. Q HOPMAN, CLERK, or BOOK-KEEPER. ^^ — Age 27 : eleven years' experience in Nursery and Seed Trade. First-class references.— C. A. VIZE, 2, Trinity Road, Southampton. SHOPMAN.— Age 29 ; well up in alTbranches of the Trade. Many ) ears' expeiience. First-cla^s refer- ences. -A. H. HOLMAN, 37. Berwick Street, S.W. HOPMAN.— Age 23 ; si.x and a half years' experience in Seeds, Plants, Flowers, &c. Good re- ferences — IBERIS, 31, St. George's Square, Tunbridge Road, Maidstone. Seed Traile. SHOPMAN.— Over eight years' e.xperience in first-class Wholesale House. Highest references.— B. A., GauLncrs Ckranicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. HOPMAN (Second), in a good House, or would MANAGE a smaller Business —Age 33. married ; now disengaged. Near London preferred. Good knowledge of Retail trade in Agricultural, Vegetable, and Flower Seeds, also of Plants. Seven years' first-class character from John Lamg & Co. (present employers).— A. V., Stanstead Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E. Seed Trade. OHOPMAN, or SECOND.— Age 23 ; eight yO years' experience in each branch of the business. \5n- exceptional references.- C, E. L., 19, Egerton Street, Chester. Seed Trade. SHOPMAN (ASSISTANT).— Age 22 ; eight years' experience. Can be well recommended. — For references, &c, apply to HENDERSON and SON, Seeds- men, Brechin N 8. LJANUY MAN.— Age 21; Paperhanging, * -»■ Painting, and all House Repair^:. Used to Plumbing Work : 6rf. per hour.— L. H., 140, Meyrick Road, Clapham Junction, S.W. GKATJlFDIi— COMFOKTING. EP PS' S CO COA. BREAKFA&T. *' By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli- cation of the fine pr tperties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps has provided r.ur breakfast tables with a delicately flavouied beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constit ulion may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist eveiy tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle m. ladies are flcaiirg around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point We may escape many a faial shaU by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Sey vt Gazette. Made simply with bo'ling water or milk. Sold only in Packets labetUd thus : — JAMES EPPS & CO., Homoeopathic Chemists London ■pjOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS -■--*- — Ab cesse'i, Erysipelas. Piles — Unvarying success attends all who treat these di-eases according to the simple ijriiiitd d rections wrapped roui;d each poi and box They are invaluable to the young and timid, whose bashfulness some times endangers li^'e. Though apparently local, diseases of this nature are essentially blood diseases, but a little attention, moderate perseverance, and tiifling expense will enable the most diffident to conduct any case to a happy issue without exposing secret infirmities to any one. The Omtment checks the local inflamma- tion and removes the throbbing pains. These directions also clearly point out when and how Holloway's Pills are to be taken , that their purifying and regulating powers may assist by adjust- ing and strenthening the constitution. 132 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 24, 1885. PETER LAAVSON & SON (LIMITED), SEED MERCHANTS AND GROWERS, EDINBURGH, "D ESPECTFULLY inform their Friends and Customers that they have now COMPLETED THE -*^ PURCHASE from "THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY," Ltmitep, of the OLD-ESTABLISHED SEED BUSINESS, carried on since the year Seventeen Hundred and Seventy, including the Entire Seed Stocks, Valuable Existing Contracts, Lease of the Premises here and Goodwill, and they are now carrying on the same in all the Departments as heretofore. PETER LAWSON and SON have been authorised by THE LAWSON COMPANY to Collect all Debts due to them, also to Dispose of the Produce of the said Company's Nurseries still being carried on, The most valuable of the old employds still remain, and are largely interested in the concern. Undivided attention will henceforth be devoted to the Seed Department, therefore Customers may depend upon all Orders being executed in the best possible manner, whether in regard to Price, Quality, or Prompt Despatch. If not already received, the TRADE PRICE CURRENTiox the season will be posted upon application. DAVID SYME, Manager. N.B. — Prospectuses of Peter Lawson & Son, Limited, may be had at the Registered Office of the Company, i, George IV. Bridge ; or of Messrs. T. and W. J. McLAREN, W.S., the Company's Solicitors, 51, Frederick Street, Edinburgh; and SAMUEL McDOWALL, Esq, 31, Nicholas Lane, Lombard Street, London, E.C. — Edinburgh, January, 1885. With reference to the above Advertisement of "PETER LAWSON & SOJV. LIMITED',' ve respectfully thank our many Friends and Customers for the large amount of confidence reposed in us dunng past years, and inform them that, having disposed of the Seed Business to the Neiv Company, we shall continue to carry on the Nurseries at Bangholm and Warriston, as heretofore, devoting, if possible, more strict personal attention to this department. The Stock was iiever in finer condition, ajid will be disposed of on moderate terms. We have authorised ''PETER LAWSON & SON, LIMITED" to collect all accounts due to us, also to dispose of our Nursery Produce, and all orders entrusted to them shall be carefully attended to. CA TA- LC CUES and Special Offers may be had at i, George IV. Bridge, or at the Nurseries. THE LAWSON Edinburgh, January 23, 1885. SEED & NURSERY COMPANY, Limited. CONTRACTORS TO_RKW TWAJR^TY'S W^AR DEPAHTMEVT. THE Thames Bank Iron Company, UPPER Special Ceitiflcate, awarded May 22, 1883. Flue and Terminal-end Saddle Boiler. GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes. Illustrated CATALOGUE, I'^th Edition, price \s. Price List on application Free. Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or the Materials supplied. Patent Eellanco Rotary Valves. Editorial Communications should beaddre-scd to "The Editor;" AdvcrliF-ements and Business Letters to "The Publisher." nt the Office, 41. Wellington Strott. Covent Garden, I-5°^°°j.^-5',,„ Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Braoburv. Agnbw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, ana ruousnea uy the said William Richards, at the Office, 41. Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, January 34, 1885. Agent tor Manchester— Iohn Hbywood. Agents lor Scoiland— Messrs. J. MsNZlES & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. CstatUsijctJ 1841. No. 579.— Vol. XXIII ( New 1 ( Series. / SATURDAY, JANUARY 31, 1885. {p^jS^\^'i°L'Ji'^s;°a'^.}po™ CONTENTS. Apricots Arstucuiat, large:, at Bus- bridge Hall Argentine Rural Exhi- bitioD Alters, notes on the cul- tivateti Baikeria elegans and B. cyclotella Bank&ia ericlfolia Boiler, a pateat . . Books British Apples .. „ plants, sudden ap pearance of Buckinjihimshire, gaidea notes ftom Cailleya Walkeriana and C dolosa Cedar cones, fertile Celeriac Chr>sinthemum culture Culumbta Maiket Cucumbers, forcing Kucharis amazooica Flower garden, the Forestiy and Horticul- tural Exhibition .. Fruit garden, the hardy Fungus in imported Japanese Lilies Gall-Ay. the Poppy Gas-hme Hakea laurina ieypore. a trip to litchen gardea, the Lapageria rosea ; faardi- neca ot the white var. Laclia anceps Sander- iana Masdevaliia triangularis Morello Cherries Obituary .. Onion seed, Calitornian Orchid culture, season- able remarks on Orchids at Kew, history of the „ at Mr Bull's Palms at Edinburgh Papaw tree, the . . Penzance notes .. Photinia serTu'aia Plants and their culture „ suitable for present forcing . . Plums, cultivation of. under glass Potatos ,, from diseased tubers Quinces, grafting Reports 01 Societies Rhododendrons, poison- ing by Rivieira, Kentish, the . . Rosery, the Royal Horticultural So- ciety's Committees Vegetables and fruits, new Vines, patching .. Wall copings , , trees, retarding blos- soms on . . Weather, the Xylobium elongatum . . I5t 156 153 H6 M3 147 141 J53 146 »5» ILLUSTRATIONS. Boiler. New Coryanthes, Sections of Flower of Hakea laurina Papaw Tiee Poppy Gallfly ■• 153 144, 145 .. 149 NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at DRURY LANE. Now Ready. In cloth, 163 'J^HE GARDENERS CHRONICLE, I Volume XXII.. JULY to DECEMBER, 1884. W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, J- IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for Twelve Months. Agent for America :— C. H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may te sent. R Y S T A L PALACE. EXHIBITIONS of PLANTS, FLOWERS, FRUIT, &C-, to be held during 1885 : — SPRING EXHIBITION of PLANTS. FLOWER=, &c., FRIDAY and SATURDAY, March 37 and 38. GREAT SUMMER FLOWER SHOW, MAY 22 and 23. GREAT ROSE SHOW, JULY 4. FRUIT SHOW, and NATIONAL DAHLIA SHOW, SEPTEMBER 4 and s- GREAT AUTUMN FRUIT SHOW and INTERNA- TIONAL POTATO EXHIBITION, OCT. 7 to 10. GREAT CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW, NOVEMBER 6 and 7. Schedules now ready. Appljr W. G. HEAD, Garden Superimendent, Crystal Palace, S.E. GRAND FLORAL f£:tE, YORK— 27th Year — June 17, 18 and 19, 1885. Pri2es nearly SIX HUNDRED POUNDS. York, Jan. 27, ^schedules, &.c , on application to J NO. WILSON. Secretary. / To Oaler Orowera, Basket Makers, and Nurserymen. BRADFORD AND SONS, Yeovil, Somerset, now Grow and Cut yearly 100 acres and upwards of OSIER BEDS, and will quote prices to the Trade, according to quantity required. Samples and prices of Osier '* Sets " on application. OR SALE, Large CAMELLIA, ALBA PLENA, perfect specimen. About looo bloom-buds coming to flower. D. WILLIAMS AND SON, Upton, Macclesfield. AULIFLOWER PLANTS, Autumn-Sown, strong. 2S. M. iso, i8i. 1200. CABBAGE PLANTS. HERBS, LETTUCE, &c., PLANTS, cheap, carriage paid. LIST free of EDWARD LEIGH, Ivy House. Cranleigh. Surrey. OVEL'S STRAWBERRY PLANTS.— GREENHOUSE, 51. per ico, 401. per 1000. GARDEN, 2r. fid. per 100, 2or. per icoo. Sample and Pamphlet, post-free, 4^. W. LOVEL AND SON. Strawberry Growere, Driffield. E A K A L E and ASPARAGUS. Crowns for Forcing'. Apply lo WILLIAM BAGLEY, MiUshot Farm, Fulham, S.W. E -Twenty Acres. The largest Europe. CATALOGUES free, with STOLEN.— A number of ADDRESSED COPIES of CARTERS' CATALOGUE of GARDEN SEEDS lor 1S85 having been STOLEN from their Warehouse, Messis Carter & Co. respectfully ask those Customers who have not received ihe biolc to communicate to them, in order that a fresh copy may be posted. JAMES CARTER AND CO., Seedsmen, by Royal Warrant, to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, 237 and 238, High Holborn, London. W.C. Trade Price Current. PETER LAVVSON and SON (Limited), Edinburgh, will be glad to Post their CATALOGUE of Garden and Field Seeds up^n application. UCHARIS AMAZONICA.— Strong flower- ing Bulbs in full foliage, clean and healthy, \os per doz. GIRLING, BUTCHER and CO.. Hanwell. Middlesex. HRINAX ELEGANS.— For Sale, a mag- nificent plant, 12 feet high, 12 perfect leaves, in grand condition. HANS NIEMAND.Royal Nurse.ies,Edgbaston.Birmingham. ENUINE SEEDS.— GeneraT^ATA- LOGUE of Kitchen Garden, Flower, and Agricultural Seeds, Plants, Roses, Vmes. &c.. Implements, Garden Requi- sites, &c. . is now ready. Free to Customers. LAING and CO.. Stanstead Park, Forest Hill. S.E. LADIOLI. collection in Cultural Directions. KELWAY AND SON, Langport, Somerset. Tea R0SG8 THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully ripened, and are ready to start immediately into growth* CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied. HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.— Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make your choice from his unrivalled Collection. Chad Valley Nursenes, Edgbaston, Birmingham. ARCH. — LARCH.— LARCH.— Special cheap offer, to clear ground. From 3 feet upwards at very low prices. Also other FOREST TREES GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst. S"trong manetti stocks', fit for immediate working, at unusually low prices ; &c. A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK. Dedemsvaatt, by ZwoUe, Holland. ANETTI stocks. — Clean and well eyed, good strong stuff, at ^os. per looo. Sample on application to J. ROCK AND SON, Swinfen, Lichfield. Standard-trained PeacHes and Nectarines. CHARLES TURNER has still a large stock of the above of various heights, and fine trees. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. s age plants, i.r. dd. per dozen. Order of R. BATH, Cravfotd. Kent To Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c. ACATTANEO, COMMISSION Salesman, • 44, Hart Street, and New Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS in quantities. Terms on application. QU E LC H AND B A RN H A M. Long Market. Covent Garden. London, W.C. REQUIRE a quantity of fine Muscats, for which they can offer good prices, also fine Black Grapes. Tomatos, Cucumbers, choice Flowers, &c. O QU E L C H AND B A R N H A M, k!7 giving personal attention to all consignments, they are thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. Q U E LC H AND B A R N H A M. ACCOUNT SALES sent daUy, and CHEQUES forwarded weekly. BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES. BASKETS and LABELS supplied. W' ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, begto inform Senders that GARDENIAS, EUCHARIS, and STEPHANOTIS are in demand. WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, have now a demand for Tuberoses, Arum Lilies, White Bouvardias, good Roses. &c. ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMEN fS of To- matos, Cucumbers, Gros Colmar, Alicante, and Muscat Grapes. Cut Flowers— Cut Flowers and Ferns. WANTED, above of all sorts, suitable for Wreaths. Bouquets. &c., inquantity. Good prices, prompt settlements.— WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Floral Decorators, 12, Market Street, Manchester, and Oldfield Nursery, Altrucham. ANTED, true to name, one SALIX CAPREA. and one SALIX VIMINALIS. GREGORY AND EVANS, Longlands Nursery, Sidcup, Kent, MY PRICE LIST, for 1885, of ORCHIDS and CALADIUMS, may be applied for dijetaly, or from WERNER MEYER. Esq , Hamburgh. H. LIETZE, Rio de Janeiro, Caisa 644. BARR AND S O N^S" S E E^^S selected from the 6nest stocks, and of best ttrowtb* Descriptive LIST free on application, BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Q To Wholesale Customers. UICK. — Strong, ^\s. per looo ; Middling, l6r. per rooo ; next size, X7S. per looo. B. SLOCOCK, Upton Court Farm, Slough, Bucks. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 18S4-5.— Our Descriptive Priced LIST is now ready, and can be had free on application to T. JACKSON AND SON. Nurseries, Kingston-on-Thames. EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.-Orders are now being booked for the New Varieties of 1884 at \os, per doz. ; Cuttings, 1883 Varieties. 4f. perdoz. ; best Old Varieties, ij.6rf. per doz., my selection. Post-free for P. O. CATALOGUE one stamp.— R. OWEN. Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead. Hyaclnthus candlcana. BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 50J. per 1000. Trade List of Home-grown Seeds. CHARLES SHARPE AND CO.'S Whole- sale CATALOGUE of Seeds is nowready, and will be forwarded, post-free, on application. CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Seed Merchants and Growers, Sleaford. BU LBS for SPRING PLANTIN'g, of all soits. JAPANESE MAPLES, JAPANESE LILIES, choice Seeds of our own saving ; choice New Zealand Seeds: NEW MAGNOLIAS, ZAMIAS from the Cape, North American Hardy Plants: CALOCHORTI, FREESIAS, GLADIOLI, &c. See our Spring LIST, No. 72. just issued. NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Colchester. URPLUS STOCK, beautiful Specimens of ORNAMENTAL and EVERGREEN TREES, in per- fect condition for removal, at extraordinarily low prices. Special LIST, just published, nn application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. Planes (Flatanus occtdentalls). WRUMSEY can offer the above by the • dozen, 100 or loco, from 6 to 12 feet. Prices on application. JOYNING'S Nurseries, Waltham Cross. ASPARAGUS.— Extra strong three and four years stuff. Samples and prices on application to THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London. SPARAGUS ROOTS (Harwood's Giant). Very strong and fit for abundant produce the first season : per too, 7i. 6d. ; extra, immense roots, per joo, lor. dd. HOOPER AND CO.. Covent Garden. London, W.C. To the Trade. CUCUMBER SEEDS. — RoUisson's Tele- graph, Veitch's Tender and True, carefully sele^eti stock, which may be relied on. Price on application. GEO. COOLING and SON, Seedsmen. &c., Bath. Grape Vines. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a giand stock of Grape Vines, suitable for Fruiting in Pots and Planting in Vineries. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade supplied. The Vineyard and Nurseries. Garston. Liverpool. To the Trade. VINES. — VINES. — VINES. STRONG PLANTING CANES, 31. each. EXTRA STRONG FRUITING CANES, 51. each. Well ripened and short-jointed. CALDWELL and SONS, The Nurseries, Knutsford Cheshire. For Bale. RHUBARB SETS, of a Selected Growth. B. BATH, Wansunt Farm, Crayford. ILLIAM FLETCHER has a quantity of Maiden PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, APPLES, PLUMS, and PEARS, also Trained APRICOIS and PEARS. Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey. R U S S E L S SPROUTS, MAY'S NORTHAW PRIZE, the variety that has been successfully exhibited by him and admired. Seed direct from the grower, ir. W. per packet. Cheaper to the Trade. J. MAY, The Gardens, Northaw, Bamet, Heru. SEAKALE.— Fine Forcing and Planting. ASPARAGUS, very line. 3 years. THE ROYAL NORFOLK NURSERIES COMPANY (lateEwiNGs), Eaton, Norwich. 134 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 31, 1885. SALES BY AUCTION. Tuesda7 Next. New White Type of Lvf:LIA ANCEPS SANDERIANA. Most beautiful novelty, discovered and sent home by Mr. Arnold, who came across a batch in full bloom, and every plant found is offered. This magnificent La:lia has the lip similar to Dawsoni, it being pure while, with two crimson- purple blotches divided by a white line. The petals are very broad, and pure white, and the flower altogether of large size ; as many as six were seen on spikes. The im- portation is in grand order — enormous masses among them, some with upwards of 300 bulbs, and 10 feet and more in circumference. The dried flowers will convey an idea of the beauty of the species. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to sell the above splendid novelty at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT, February 3. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues. Tuesday Next.— Odontoglossum Alexandra. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in their Sale at the Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT, Februarys, by order of Mr. F. Sander, a grand lot of ODONTO- GLOSSUM ALEX ANDR>E. The CoUector.writes :— " These are the finest varreties ever sent home. They are from a new locality, flowers very large and round. Many deeply blotched and spotted forms will be among them." On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. The FALLOWFIELD COLLECTION of ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT, February 3, at half-past 12 o'Clock pre- cisely, the final portion of this important COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including, amongst other fine species : — Masdevallia ignea Massange- ' ana „ macnira ,, Winniana t, Roezlii and many others Cypripediu3i mcirax, fine hybrid „ euryandum, splendid plant „ Crossianum ,, Ashburtianum Aerides odoratum nobilis „ ,, purpurascens ,, maculosum, true and rare Odontoglossum Alexandrc-e, superb variety, in flower „ mulus „ aspersum ,, citrosmum roseum Cattleya Sanderianum „ calumnata, fine hybrid On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. LILIUM AURATUM.— TO THE TRADE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL fby AUCTION, at the Central Sale Rooms, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, lo^ooo exceedingly fine BULBS of LILIUM AURATUM, including 1000 gigantic roots measur ing 10 to 13 inches in circumference, and a consignment of CONIFER SEEDS from California. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. LILIUM AURATUM, ROSES, and BULBS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS wiU SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Auction Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February 4, at half-past 12 o'Glock precisely, 10.000 unusuaUy fine Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM (including icoo gigantic roots), just received from Japan in splendid condition ; 2000 double African TUBEROSES, 2000 Berlin crowns LILY of the VALLEY, an assortment of hardy English-grown LILIES, including extraordinary Bulbs of L. giganteum, L. superbum, L, Humboldtii ; 400 Standard ROSES of the best named sorts from an English nursery, CARNATIONS, CHRISTMAS ROSES, a variety of BULBS for the garden and greenhouse, and a consignment of CONIFER SEEDS from California. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues bad- Friday Next. VERY VALUABLE IMPORTATIONS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC- TION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.on FRIDAY NEXT. February 6. at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, a very grand importation of the beautiful golden- yellow flowered ANGULOA CLOWESII, and a large impor- Ution of ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI, O. HAS- TILABIUM, ADA AURANTIACA, STANHOPE A EBURNEA, and the magnificent MAXILLARIA SANDER- IANA, aUo many GATTLEYAS and ODONTOGLOSSUMS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Deal, Kent. By order of the Executors of the late Mr. W. H. Newing. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Pre- mises, The Nurseries, Deal, on WEDNESDAY and THURS- DAY,_ February 18 and 19, the whole of the valuable NUR- SERY STOCK, further particulars of which will duly appear. The FREEHOLD NURSERIES are FOR SALE, and particulars may be had of the Auctioneers. Apsley Guise, Beds. UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS willSELL(by orderof Mr. W. Handscombe, Sen., whois retiring), on the Premises, the Mount Pieasant Nursery, Apsley Guise, on WEDNESDAY. February 25, the whole of the valuable and well grown NURSERY STOCR. Warminster. PRELIMINARY. -CLEARANCE SALE. Re J. Wheeler. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the several Nurseries at Warminster, on TUESDAY, March 3, and following days, the whole of the well-gtown NURSERY STOCK, extending over nearly 40 Acres. The FREEHOLD PORTION of the NURSERY, with the DWELLING-HOUSE, all the GREENHOUSES, and SEED SHOP, will be offered on the first day. Detailed Advertisements will shortly appear. Monday Next-(Sale No. 6833.) 5000 LILIUM AURATUM and OTHER BULBS in variety. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION. at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Govent Garden, W.C. on MONDAY NEXT. February 2, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, 5000 LILIUM AURATUM, just received from Japan in the finest possible condition ; 3000 Pearl TUBE- ROSES from America, 5000 South African ditto. 7003 Berlin LILY of the VALLEY Crowns, 1000 ALLIUM NEAPOLI- TANUM, 500 BEGONIAS and GLOXINIAS from Ghent, and several thousand first-class Miscellaneous BULBS, a few choice BORDER PLANTS. &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6835 ) HARDY PLANTS and BULBS. MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February 4, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, First-class Standard and Dwaff ROSES, Pyramid and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES, Ornamental CONIFERS. SHRUBS, Border PLANTS, and Miscellaneous BULBS and ROOTS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6836,) WHITE L^LIA ANCEPS, in magnificent masses. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Govent Garden, W.C, by order of Messrs. Shutlleworth, Carder & Co., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February 4. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a grand importation of the beau- tiful and rare white L>ELIA ANCEPS, including magnifi- cent masses with several hundred Bulbs, in splendid condition. The finest importation ever introduced. See dried Howers. Also ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (Alexandra), the finest type possible to collect ; grand masses, and in splendid condition. CATTLEYA TRIAN^, from a new district : L>ELIA AUTUMNALIS (received ab atroiubens), L. ACU- MINATA, and ONCIDIUM KRAMERIANUM. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6837.) VERY VALUABLE IMPORTATIONS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Govent Garden. W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURSDAY NEXT, February 5, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, a splendid lot of the beautiful pure white SOBRALIA VIRGINALIS, large masses of EPIDENDRUM MACROCHILUM. WARS- CEWICZELLA WENDLANDI. a superb lot of ODONTO- GLOSSUM TRIUMPH ANS, RODRIGUEZI A SECUN DA, ACINETA HUMBOLDTI. ONCIDIUM TIGRINUM, MORMODES LUXATUM EBURNEUM, ODONTO- GLOSSUM CITROSMUM, MORMODES, CATTLEYAS. &c., all in first-rate order. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. xnxiraday Next.— (Sale No. 6837.) L^LIA ANCEPS, New White Type. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38, Kings Street, Cov- ent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURSDAY NEXT, February 5, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, a truly grand importation of a magnificent LjELIA ANCEPS, white type. The flowers are very large and fine, petals very broad and pure white, and the flowers are ueaily 5 inches across, lip pure white, the throat dark crimson, veined and blotched, the colouring being most vivid. A large quantity of dried flowers on view will convey an adequate idea of the great beauty and value of this species. The plants were collected by Mr. Arnold, and are in grand order, great masses being among them. At the same time will be sold a fine light coloured form of L-^LIA AN(^EPS. Mr. Bartholomaeus, who collected this lot in a new locality, writes that the flowers) are large, sepals and petals rose, lip very light coloured, in some varieties almost white, throat crimson veined. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. To Market Gardeners, Fruit and Flower Growers. MR. H. J. E. BRAKE will SELL by AUCTION, on MONDAY. February 9. at the " Royal Swan " Hotel, Blackwater, Hants, at 4 'for 5 o'CIock. several Plots of LAND at Crowthome, Berks, and near to the Welling- ton College and Station, suitable for Market Gardening and Horticultural purposes, in plots from a Quarter of an Acre to 12 Acres. May be paid for by Instalments. Plans, Particulars, and Conditions on application, or by Post, of the Auctioneer, Farnborough, Hants. To Gardeners, Florists, and Nurserymen. 200 Lots of Rare ORCHIDS, HOTHOUSE PLANTS, and valuable GARDEN EFFECTS. MESSRS. LIDSTONE will SELL the above by AUCTION, at Meyerton House, Polegate, Sussex, 1% mile from Hailsham and Polegate Stations on the L. B. f^ S.CR. , on FRIDAY, Feburary27, at 12 o'Glock precisely. Catalogues of the Auctioneers, no. Cannon Street,London,E.C. To Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners, and Others. FLORIST'S BUSINESS. FOR SALE, by Private Treaty, as a going concern, all that well known and remunerative FREE- HOLD BUSINESS PREMISES, called Guildford Street Nurseries, within two minutes' walk of the Barton Railway Station, Hereford, the property of Uriah Hain, Florist, who is lelinqutshing business on account of declining years. The Property comprises a modern and substantially brick-built Resi- dence, called Blenheim House, with several Perches of Free- hold Garden Ground, a number of Span-roof and Lean-to Glass Houses, with Hot-water and other Heating Apparatus, Hot and Grid Pits, and Potting Sheds ; together with the Stock -in-Trade, consisting of a well-grown and healthy lot of Bedding, miscel- laneous assortment of useful Greenhouse and Hardy Outdoor Plants, in popular demand ; small collection of useful Nursery Stock, Horticultural Requisites, Tools, and absolute GoodwiU. A splendid opportunity for an enterprising young man or gentle- man's gardener with small capital desirous of retiring from service. One-half or so of purchase money can remain on mort- gage, if required. For further particulars, apply to GEO. H. BARLOW, Estate and Property Agent, Hereford. A Well-estabUshed Nursery Business. TO BE DISPOSED OF, in consequence of Proprietor's ill-health, about 6 ACRES of^ LAND, with several Glass Erections, well situate in a fast improving neighbourhood, 10 miles south of Covent Garden. Small pre- mium. Stock at valuation, about £1000. Arrangements as to future payment of part might be made. Apply, in first in- stance, to Messrs. HURST and .SON, 152, Houndsditch, £ TO BE DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEED BUSINESS. A splendid going concern. One of the finest in existence, doing a large and profitable trade. An unusual opportunity. Apply (by letter only) to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.G. Important to Florists, Nurserymen, Market GROWERS, and OTHERS. TO BE LET, on LEASE, or SOLD with possession, the valuable FREEHOLD ESTATE known as Osbom's Nursery, Sunbury, Middlesex, comprising 17 Acres of excellent Land with Dwelling-house, Stabling, Sheds, and all the extensive range of modern and recently-erected Green- houses. The Estate having a frontage of iios feet to the high road, possesses a great prospective value for Building purposes. Full particulars may be obtained of Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horticul- tural Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, EC, and at Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. TMILLINGTON AND CO., English • and FosEiGN Sheet and Plate Glase, White Lead, Milled Lead, Oils, and Colour Merchants, 43, Commercial Street, E. JOHN KENNARD'S Horticultural SUNDKIBS, Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Pottery Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisite. Swan Place, Old Kent Road, S.E. Established 1S54. THE GARDENER S' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. At a GENERAL MEETING of the MEMBERS of this Institution, held on January 14. 1885, for the Election of EIGHT PENSIONERS, tie foUowiog was the result of the Ballot :— CANUIl ATES. Votes. Name. Age. 1910 WILLIAM BIRKETT 76 RICHARD HAWKINS 69 5t* WILLIAM ARCHER 79 576 THO.MAS BEST 69 596 ROBERT PRVOR 74 3308 MARTHA SWANSBOROUGH .. 8t 1597 GEORGE URQUHART 69 412 SOPHIA WARE 68 137T ANNA MARIA ALLAN 76 1108 ELIZABETH FOULIS Sa 707 WILLIAM HARMAN 59 ELIZABETH PARR 73 151S MARY RABBITT 64 The Meeting declared Martha Swansborough.William Birkelt, George Urquhart, Mary Rabbitt, Anna Maria Allan, Richard Hawkins, Elizabeth Parr, and Elizabeth Foulis, as having the greatest number of votes, duly elected Pensioners from the aslh December last. EDWD. R. CUTLER, Secretary. 14, Tavistock Row, London, W.G., January 20, 1885. ATIONAL AURICULA AND NATIONAL CARNATION AND PICOTEE SOCIETIES (SOUTHERN SECTION). Wright v. Dodwell. " Stanley Road, Oxford, "January 27, 1885. "To Mr. J. Wright. "Of the yournal of Horticulture, '• 171, Fleet Street, E.G. "I sincerely regret that through ignorance of the facts I characterised your having voted at the meetings of the National Auricula and National Carnation and Picotee Societies oii December 9, 1884. as a fraud in the printed circular which 1 wrote and issued to the members of these two Societies ; and 1 now beg to apologise to you for the error I have thus com- mitted, and I hereby withdraw any imputation upon your action on that occasion. I also agree to bear the expense of inserting this apology in three leading gardening papers, and to pay your solicitor's charges relating to this matter, "E. S. DODWELL." LILIUM AURATUM.— Special Offer.— Another large consignment just to hand. Splendid fiini saund BULBS, 6 to 8 and 8 to 10 inches in circumference, 281. and 35J. per ico, 4s. and 6j. per doien. Cheapest for quality ever offered. .Samples tweve stamps. Please order quickly. Messrs. MORLE and CO., x and a, and 163A, FenchuccU Street, E.G. .^_____^ SEED POTATOS.- Special Offer. —Old Ash- leaf. 7s. ; Myatt's and Rivers' ditto. 5^ : White Elephant. 6s.; Early Rose, 5J. ; Magnum Bonum, 4^.; Beauty of Hebron, 6s.; Reading Hero, 5J. per bushel. Less quantities 3 and the prices arc very reasonable. Seed Growing Esublishmenl, Wiibech, January 31, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 135 WH. ROGERS, Red Lodge Nursery, • SouthamptoD, has a fine stock of the followiog articles, which he can offer at low prices : — RHODODENDRONS. Standard and Dwarf, named, all the best sorts, mostly with blooming buds, AZALEA PONTICA, MOLLIS, and AMtENA. PERNETTYA MUCRONATA, several si«s, ERICAS, Hardy, including CODONOIDES. GAULTHERIA SHALLON, strong clumps. SKIMMIA JAPONICA, OBLATA, and FRAGRANS. GRISLINIA LnrORALIS, in pots, i foot, fine. EUONYMUS AUREA MARGINATA, in pots, i fool. „ RADICANS VARIEGATA, nice bushy plants. MENZIESIA POLIFOLIA ALBA and RUBRA. ANDROMEDA FORMOSA, i to 3 leet. LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, i feet. .. TAPONICUM, in pots, i to iK (oot. EURVA LATIFOLIA VARIEGAIA, in pots, i to 2 feel. EL.«AGNUS REFLEXA VARIEG.\TA, 1 to 3 feet. COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA and SIMONSII. ESCALLONIA MACKANTHA, in pots, strong, 1 loot. OLEARIA HAASni. i to s feet, in pots. OSMaNTHUS ILICIFOLIUS and VARIEGATUS. BUDLEIA GLOBOSA, i feet. AUCUBA, of sorts, very fine. 1 to 2 feet. MESPILUS CANADENSIS, 4 to 6 feet. THORNS, Single and Double Scarlet. CHERRIES, Double Blossom. FURZE, Spanish and Double, in pots. BERBERIS DARWINII, i 10 i,« foot, bushy, fine. ,, fine fruiting variety (deciduous). LAURELS and LAURUSTINUS. COB NUTS, wonderful free-bearing sorts. APPLES and PEAKS. Espalier and Pyramidal. CUPRESSUS MACROCARPA, 2 to 4 feet, well-rooted. „ LAWSONIANA, ; to 4 feet. „ „ DENSA, I to 2 feet, fine. „ „ PVRAMIDALIS. 2 to 4 feet. „ ,. ERECTA VIRIDIS, I t0 3feet. RKTINOSPORA PLUMOSA AUREA, i to 4 feet. „ „ ARGENTEA, i to 3 feet. „ ,, ALBA, I to 2 feet. „ LEPTOCLADA and ERICOIDES. i to .- feel. THUIOPSIS BOREALIS, i to 3 feet. „ DOLABRATA, i to 3 feel. fine. CEDRUS DEODARA, 3 to 5 feet, well-rooted. PINUS INSIGNIS, 2 feet, transplanted last spring. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, 2 to 4 feel. THUIA LOBBI, 2 to 4 feet. DAC«YDIUM FRANKLINII, 3t0 5feet. FITZROYA PATAGONICA. 3 to 6 feet HARDY CLIMBING PLANTS of all sorts, in pots. ROSES, Standard and Dwarf, all the best sorts. Prices of any of the above and CATALOGUES of General NURSERY STOCK, extending over 60 acres, will be for- warded on application to W. H. ROGERS, Red Lodge Nursery, Southampton; PYRAMID PEARS. Extra fine, well furnished, fruiting trees. 5 to 7 feet high, with splendid roots, viz. : — America, Comte de Lamy, Beurr6 Diel. Beurr*; Ranee, Brown Beurre, Autumn Colmar, Conseiller de la Cour, Citron des Carmes, Doyenn^ du Cornice, Easter Beurre, Glou Morceau, Huyshe's Bergamot, Louise Bonne, Napoleon, Styrian or Keele HsU Beurt^, and other sterling varieties. Price very moderate. For further particulars apply to R. P. KER AND SONS, Aigburth Nursery, Grassendale, LiverpooL O THE TRADE. Excellent quality. APPLES, Dwarf Maidens, 6j. per dozen, 355. per 100, APRICOTS, ditto, 71, per dozen, 45J. per 100. CHERRIES, ditto. 7i. per dozen, 40?. per 100. PEACHES and NECTARINES, ditto, Zs. p. doz ,55^. p. 100. PEARS, ditto, %s. per dozen, 30J. per 100. PLUMS, ditto. 45, per dozen, 25^. per 100. PEACHES and NECTARINES, established in pots, 3J. 6(/. each, 361. per dozen. VINES, fruiting Canes, v. each, 4,^5. perdozen. ,, plantine Canes, zs. each, 215. per dozen. SEAKALE for planting, 4J, per roo, 35J. per 1000. BRUSSELS STOCKS, transplanted for quartering, is. per 100, 4SJ. per 1000 Terms monthly. LIST of varieties on application. WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. Garden and Flower Seeds. JOHN DOVVNIE, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, begs to intimate that he is now sending out the finest stock of the above that money can buy, and as J. D. is now in business solely on his own account, the mobt of the Flower Seeds have been saved under his own supervision, and may be thoroughly relied upon. New, Choice, and Rare Seeds. T^/" THOMPSON, SEEDSMAN, 34, Tavern w T • Street, Ipswich, begs to inform his numerous Patrons and Amateur Horticulturists in general, that the Thirtieth Edition of CATALOGUE of Flower Seeds is now ready, and will be sent to any intending purchaser, post-free. It includes many seeds not to be had elsewhere. Forcing Asparagus. X> AND G. NEAL beg to ofter the above J-V» by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans- planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also beg to call the attention of Nurserymen, Builders, and others to their exceptionally fine stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W, TJASPBERRY CANES,— J-*' An immense quantity of the choicest Carters' Prolific and Fastolf for disposal. The Advertiser being the most extensive cultivator of Rasp- berries in England, special care will be taken to select Canes most suitable for a vigorous growth and an early fruiting. Lowest cash terms on application to R. BATH. Crayford. Kent XT ENDER'S STRAIN of NEW FRINGED -*— *- PETUNIAS.— After great care and attention we have obuined beautifully fringed flowers of our strain of Petunias. The Double Seed will turn out a good percentage of fine double fringed flowers, often far superior to named varieties. The Singles (now offered for the first lime) are magnificent, flowers large and finely fringed. Colours very rich and varied in markings. Double, sr. 6^. per packet ; singles, 2J. 6d. per packet HENDER'S BALSAMS, double, eightvars., is. 6d. per packet. HENDER'S PETUNIA GRANDIFLORA, angles, 2S. per packet. RENDER AND SONS, Nursery, Plymouth. EXPIRATION OF LEASE, Several Acres of Nursery, containing a valuable Stock, continue to be offered at a nominal price ; the lease cannot be renewed. Ordinary Reduced i Price. 31/6 5/- 15/- >W6 i/fi -/9 RHODODENDRONS, Standard, 4000' to select from, of finest-namedj kinds, perfect specimens, from] iJ4 to 5 feet through the head 105/- 10/6 „ Bush, do., 5. 6, 7, and 8 feel high..! 42/- 21/- ,, Dwaif and Sweet-scented, i to 2J2 feet high, consisting of K. fragrans, Wilsooi, Goveni* anum. &c. q/6 ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA ; fine plants, well set with bloom, i to 3! feet high 10/6 2/6 5/- 1/- AZALEAS, I to 3 feet high .. .. 2/6 .. j/6 . . A fine lot of P. NORDMANNIANA. T. LOBBII, WELLINGTONIA, CUPRESSUS, RETINOSPORAS, THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, and manyothers in fine condition for removal 10/6 5/- 5/- i/- ORNAMENTAL TREES— Fine speci- mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars.. Horse Chestnut, Scarlet Chestnut, Sorbus, Thorns of sorts, Maples, Fraxinus aucubsefolia, Scarlet Oak ; also Weeping Birch, Elm, Ash, and Poplar, 6 to 15 feet high .. .. 10/6 3/6 5/- 1/6 LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 2 to 4 feet, per 100 .. .. 2c/- ., ' 10/- ,, common, i to 2^ feet Laurel, common, i to 3 feet „ caucasica, i to ^14 feet .. ,, Portugal, ij^ to 3 feet .. MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA .. BROOM, While YEWS, Irish ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas, and Climbers CLEMATIS, fine stuff, in great variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe- No reasonable lopsis Veitchii ! offer refused ; ILEX SHEPHERDI. a fine lot of [ quotations will perfect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ; be given. smaller, i to 3 feet, THUIA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet RETINOSPORA AUREA, 6 to 15 inches CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS. I to 3 feet WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA, 3 to 5 feet MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, 12 to 18 inches COB NUT, Webb's, 3 to 6 feet ..' 23^. per loo Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting, 2 to 6 feet high, 25s. to jss. per ico. Extra large Fruiling APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to clear, u. each. SPIR,ffiA PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. The largest stock in Europe, 15s. and io,r, 6d. per 100. ERICAS in variety, 20J. per 100. LAVENDER, fine bushy stuff, 3s. per dozen, 15J. per 100. PERIWINKLE, los. per 100. Thousands of other things too numerous for an adz'ertist' merit are on offer^ and inquires or a visit will be found very advantageous. CHARIiES NOBLE, Bagshot, THE B07AL NORFOLK ESTABLISHMENT NEW EARLY PEAS for 1885. Tbe Earliest and Best in Cultivation. DANIELS' GEM OF THE SEASON SHOULD BE SOWN NOW, From Mr. A. Arthur, Orwell Gardens, Cambridge. " I sowed your Gem of the Season Pea March 29, and gathered them June 13, and sowed Laxton's Earliest of All March 15, and did not gather till June 29. This new Pea has proved what its name implies for earliness, productiveness, and flavour." From Mr. T, Notley, The Gardens, Stoke Hall, Stoke Holy Cross. " The Pea, Gem of the Season, has proved itself a good one. I planted it at the same lime and by the side of Day's Early Sunrise. I gathered from Gem of the Season ten days earlier, the pods were also full, averaging from seven to nine good sized Peas in each." Height 2 feet, and very prolific. Price, y. 6d. per quart, 2s. per pint, js. 2^. per half-pint. Free by Parcels Post to any address. DANIELS' MIDSUMMER MARROW PEA. The Earliest Blue Wrinkled Marrow in Cultivation. Height \% to 2 feet. Splendid cropper and quality. Should be sowa now. Price, 3*. 6d. per quart, 2s. per pint, \s. ^d. per half-pint. Free per Parcels Post to any address. ^V Seedsmen to H.R.H. tbe Prince of Wales, NORWICH. ABIES DOUGLASIl, ij to 2 feet, 2ss. per loo ; 2 to i]4 feet, 33J. per loo : 3 to 4 feet, Cos. per 100 ; by the thousand, finely finished and rooted, ARAU- CARIA IMBRICATA, 18 to ao inches, 241. per dozen ; 2tos',: leet, 43J. per dozen; 3 feet, extra, 6rf. perdoienieach size by trie thousand. CEDRUS DEODARA, 4 to 5 feet, 301. per dozen. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS. 2 to j'A feel, 60s. per 100 CUPRESSUS LAWSONII, a'A to 1 feet, 6as. per 100 ; C. GRACILIS, distinct, ti feet, the finest upright, 12J. per dozen; C. FUNE- BRIS, scarce, iH foot, 15J. per dozen. PICEA NOBILIS. 3 to 4 feet, 60J. per dozen: P. NORDMANNIANA, i foot, fine, 50J. per 100 ; ij^ to 2 feet. 15J. per dozen ; 6 feet, extra, 84s. per dozen. PINUS EXCELSA, a leet. 8s. per dozen; P. INSIGNIS. 1 foot. 30s. per 100 ; 6 to 8 inches, i6j. per ico. THUIA LOBBII. 10 to 15 inches ; special by the 1000, the best substitute for Larch. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, I to 4 feet, each size in thousands. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, SUanraer, N.B. PAUL AND SON, The "Old" Nurseries, Cheshunt, hold very fine stocks of the undermentioned :— STANDARD TEA ROSES, best kinds. STANDARD HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, visorous kinds. DWARF TEA ROSES, on Brier only. STRONG CLIMBING ROSES, very large plants. STRONG CLIMBING ROSES, in pots, 8 tog feel high. STRONG DWARF ROSES for Hedges. STRONG DWARF ROSES for Beds. POT ROSES of all sorts and sizes. STRONG STANDARD APPLES, 5 to 6 feet stems. STRONG STANDARD PEARS, extra fine heads. STRONG STANDARD PLUMS, including Victorias. EXTRA FINE HORIZONTAL TRAINED APPLES and PEARS. EXTRA FINE FAN TRAINED PLUMS and CHERRIES. STRAWBERRIES, in large and small pots. GOOSEBERRIES, fine, on i foot stems. CURRAN IS. particularly fine Red and White. CONIFERS. EVERGREENS, and AVENUE PLANTS. HOLLIES, Green and Variegated. 10 acres at High Beach. CATALOGUES post-free. HEATHS a SPECIALTY. —The finest Collection of HEATHS. AZALEAS, and HARD- WOODED STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS genet- ally in the country. An inspection solicited. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston-on-Thames. ASPARAGUS, grand Roots for Forcing, 2J-, per dozen, 12s. 6d. per too ; strong, fir planting, as. 6t/. per 100. SEAKALE, forcing, 2j. 6d. per dozen, i6s. per 100 ; planting. 2S. per dozen, I2j. 6d, per 100. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. Wholesale List of Vegetable Seeds. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased tn • forward their WHOLESALE LIST of Home Gro» n VEGETABLE SEEDS to those who have not yet received ii. It comprises all the best varieties in cultivation, and tlti.- quality ol the seeds is exceptionally good. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. EW CHRYSANTHEMUM S.— I offer 25 varieties, selected in China and J^ and 3 feet, \?s. per loco, SILVER FIR. 4-yr. trans- planted, 22J. per icoo. HAZEL, 2 to 3 feet, aor. per 1000. OAKS, 18 to 20 inches, its. per 1000; 2 feet. 2ai. per ic<.o. PRIVET, Evergreen. 2 feet. 151. per 1000; i to ij^ foot. i2r. per 1000 ; OVALIFOLIUM. a to 2J4 feet, 30^. per 1000; Oval, I foot, 20J. per 1000. SYCAMORE, 1% toafeet, i+r. per locc. THORNS, 1% to 2 feet, \2S. 6d. per 1000 ; 2 to 2j^ feet, lis. per icoo; 3 to 3^ feC ^^j. per loco. CATALOGUES on apphcation to GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer, N.B. 136 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. IJanuarv 31, 1885. The R.H.S. FIRST PRIZE TOMATO CARTERS' PERFECTION. P„p... Quite distinct from, and superior to, any other variety eaUed "Perfection.' Post free. 2/6 PADTCDQ' Seedsmen by UHri I CnO Royal Warrant To H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. /W* FOR PRICES AND |f| ^*r DESCRIPTIONS SEE ^rf • Illustrated CATALOGUE • ^1 POST FREE. #^ VICTORIA & PARADISE^ •^ NURSERIES /^ ^^ UPPER IIOLLOWAY^^V ^^ LONDON <

d. each. In great variety. FOREST TREES of all kinds. As a guantity of ground must be cleared this season, no reasonable offer will be refused. Estimafes given, free of charge, for Laying-out and Planting Gardens. AN INSPECTION OF THE NTTRSEBIKS IS RESPECTFULLY SOLICITBD. The Tram Cars pass the Gates of the Nurseries. SELECT GARDEN SEEDS Ireland & Thomson BEG TO INTIMATE THAT THEIR CATALOGUE OF VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS, FRENCH HYBRID GLADIOLI, Garden Implements, Insecticides, &e., Has now been Posted to all their Customers ; any one 7iot having received it another Copy will be sent Post-free on application. SEED WAEEHOUSE, 20, WATERLOO PLACE, EDINBURGH. GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS. THOMAS METHVEN & SONS (By Special Appointment Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen) BEG TO INTIMATE THAT THEIR DESCRIPTIVE PRICED CATALOGUE OF GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS, IMPLEMENTS, FRENCH HYBRID GLADIOLI, &.C., FOR 1885, Is now ready, and may be had Free on application. EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK (true).— While, Purple. Scarlet, Crimson, and Snow- white, Wall-leaved. In Packets, u , 2J. bd., and 51. each colour. NEW CRIMSON WALL-LEAVED EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE BTOOX. — la Packets, 2J. 6d. and $u each. SEED WAREHOUSES: — 15, PRINCES STREET, and NURSERY GATE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH. January 31, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 137 SHARPE'S T R I U M P H NEW PEA. 2s. 6cl. per \ Pint. Sealed Packet Post-free. 2s. 6d. per i Pint. Sealed Packet Post-free. Triumph is the best of the many fine varieties we have sent out. It is a Bhie Wrinkled Marrow, of exquisite flavour ; the pods are large, well filled with large Peas. The habit is dense and bushy ; height 2 to 3 feet. In constitution it is robust and hardy, and is the perfection of Peas either for exhibition or for ordinary use. Sixty-nine pods have been counted on one plant of Triumph— each pod containing nine to eleven large Peas. CHARLES SHABPE & CO., SEED MERCHANTS, SLEAFORD. TUESDAY NEXT. Ne^v White Type of Laslia aneeps, L/ELIA ANCEPS SANDERIANA. Most beautiful novelty, discovered and sent home by Mr. Arnold, who came across a batch in full bloom, and every plant found is offered. This magnificent Laelia has the lip similar to Dawsoni, it being pure white with two crimson-purple blotches divided by a white line. The petals are very broad and pure white, and the flower altogether of large size : as many as six were seen on spikes. The importation is in grand order, enormous masses among them, some with upwards of 300 bulbs, and 10 feet and more in circumference. The dried flowers will convey an idea of the beauty of the species. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have received in- structions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL the above splendid novelty at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT, February 3. On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had. WEDNESDAY NEXT.— (Sale No. 6836.) AA^HITE L^ELIA ANCEPS IN MAGNIFICENT MASSES. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February 4, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a grand importation of the beautiful and rare WHITE L^LIA ANCEPS, including magnificent masses with several hundred bulbs, in splendid condition. The finest importation ever intro- duced. (See dried flowers.) Also ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (ALEXANDRyE) the finest type possible to collect, grand masses, and in splendid condition ; CATTLEYA TRIAN/E, from a new district ; LyELIA AUTUMNALIS (received as ATRORUBENS), L^ELIA ACUMINATA, and ONCIDIUM KRAMERIANUM. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. THURSDAY NEXT. -(Sale No. 6837.) L/ELIA ANCEPS-NEW WHITE TYPE. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURSDAY NEXT, February 5, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a truly grand importation of a magnificent L^LIA ANCEPS — white type. The flowers are very large and fine, petals very broad and pure white, and the flowers are nearly 5 inches across, lip pure white, the throat dark crimson veined and blotched, the colouring being most vivid. A large quantity of dried flowers on view will convey an adequate idea of the great beauty and value of this species. The plants were collected by Mr. Arnold, and are m grand order, great masses being among them. At the same time will be sold a fine light-coloured form of L^LIA ANCEPS. Mr. Bar- tholomaeus, who collected this lot in a new locality, writes that the flowers are large, sepals and petals rose, lip very light-coloured, in some varieties almost white, throat crimson veined. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Great Reduction in Prices. Twenty per Cent, allowed off Catalogue Prices for Cash. Free on Rail, Colchester Station. No extra charge for Packing. COLCHESTER ROSES Have been made famous all over the World by BENJAMIN R. CANT, The Old Established and Celebrated ROSE GRO WER, COLCHESTER. WINNER of the CHAMPION CUP of the NATIONAL KOSE SOCIETY THREE YEARS In SUCCESSION. * CATALOGUES post-free, on application * THE HIDSOIEST CUCOMBER Post Free, ""™*, 2/6 & 3/6 MODEL. Per packet. All who have grown it say SO. PADTCDQ' Seedsmen by Unri I LllO Royal Warrant To H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. B. S. WILLIAMS' IMPROVED MUSHROOM SPAWN, per bushel ol s. d. fuuneen cakes ..60 For Outdonr and Indoor Culture. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holioway, London, N. FERNS A SPECIALTY. Hundreds of Thousands of FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS, for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries. ABRIDGED CATALOGUE of over I200 Species and Varieties free on application. LARGE CATALOGUE (Price 1p.), containing 75 Illustra- tion* ot Ferus and Selaginellas, valuable " Hints en Fern Culture," and other useful and interesting infuimatioD. W. «& J. BIRKENHEAD, fern nursery, sale, MANCHESTER. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES and ROSES. A large and select stock is now offered for sale . Tlie Hhiitratid and Descfiftim- CA TALOGUE «/ FR UlTS poU-/ree. The Descriptive CATALOGUE ot ROSES post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. 138 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 31, 1885. GENUINE SEEDS James Veitch & Sons, EOYAL EXOTIC NUBSEEY, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. Have pleasure in directing attention to the following Choice Flo7-al Novelties and Specialties, which are all of great merit and can be confidently recomtttended : — AMARYLLIS, Finest Hybrid. Saved from the magnificent collection grown at obr Cbelsea Nursery. Per Packet, 2S. dd. AQUILEOIA, Veitch's New Hybridij Comprising many new, beautiful, distinct, and pretty S3"ts, of various shades, of which a coloured plate appeared ia the Garden, October it, i33,j. Per Packet, \s. td. ' BALSAU, Veitch's Superb Strain. In Eight Distinct Colours, Separate, zs. 6d, In Mixture, per Packet, 2s. 6d. BEOONIA, Choicest Hybrid. Carefully hybridised and saved from our celebrated collection. Per Packet, 2s. 6d. NEW/jlCYCLAIIEN GIGANTEUM, Charming^ Bride. First clam Certificate Royal Hortitultural Society, This superb new and distinct variety is remarkable for the pure ivory-whiteness of its flowers, which are without any tinge of colour at the base. It is the largest and best pure white variety extant. Per Padcet, y. dd. IMPATIENS StTLTANI. Atuariied Two First-class Crrtificates by the Royal Horticitttitral and Royal Botanic Societies. Remarkable for Its profnse and continuous tliwerinp, and th- gorgeousness of its flowers, which are of a brilliant and effective rosy-scarlet colour. Decorative alike for |ihc stove, greenhouse, conservatory, dinner-table, or for summer bedding. "* ' ■— — Per Packet, u. 6d. JM^IS PANSY, Large Flowered. ENGLISH or SHOW. Of this popular flower we have grown evtensive collections at our Seed Farm, and ofl'er a very superior class of seed, saved from the finest varieties only. Per Packet^ \s. 6d. CALCEOIiABIA, International Prize. The finest strain in cultivation, remarkable for its free flowering qualities and the compact habit of its growth. The flowers are exceedingly rich and varied in colour, beauti- fully spotted and blotched, and of remarkably fine form and substance. Per Packet^ 2s. 6d. CINERARIA, Veitcli»BlSuperb |Strain. Flowers of finest shape and substance, colours richest and ' bnghtest selfs, as also the most varied, showy and attrac- tive sorts with clearly defined margins of various shades. Per Packet, 2s. 6d. CYCLAMEN PERSIOUM, Saved from the best varieties, and cannot fail to produce flowers of the finest substance, and of the most charming and diversified shades of colour. Per Packet, 2s. 6d. Cyclamen giganteum magnificum. Cyclamen giganteum roaeum compactum. First-class Certificates, Royal Horticultural Society. Magnificent varieties, with flowers of immense size, beautiful colours, and massive substance. Each, per Packet, -^s. 6d. CAMPANULA calycanthema rosea. A new bright rose-pink variety. A most attractive and desirable addition to our hardy border plants, owing to its pretty colour and free- blooming habit, the flowers literally hitling the plant. Per Packet, \s. 6d. CARNATION, DOUBLE. Saved from an unequalled collection of the finest varieties. Per Packet, 2s. 6d. DAHLIA, Single ; Mixed Colours. Exceedingly floriferous and highly decorative ; extremely valuable for cutting. Per Packet, is. GLOXINIA, Veitch's Superb Strain. Saved from the magnificent collection, embracing all the finest varieties, grown at our Chelsea Nursery. Per Packetj 2s. 6d. MARIGOLD, Veitch's Superb Striped. Remarkably handsome striped and perfectly formed large double Rowers. Per Packety is. 6d. MIGNONETTE, CRIMSON KINO. A new. distinct, and most desirable variety for pot culture, throwing up numerous stout flower-stalks, termi- nated by extremely broad spikes of delightfully scented bright red flower=. Per Pacl-ct, \s. (yd. PETUNIA, Veitch's Supeib Striped. Selected for many years with great care ; very constant, and produces beautifully striped flowers. Per Packet, ij-. PRIMULAS, Veitch's Superb Strain. FINEST FRINGED, Red. White, and Mixed. These are the finest in cultivation, and were awarded x Fir^t-class Certificate by the Royal Horticultural Society for superior quality. Each^ per Packet^ 2J. dd, PRIMULA OBCONICA. First-class Certificate Royal Horticultural Society . A new, pretty, and interesting Primula, with flowers of a soft lilac shade of colour, flowering continuously and pro- fusely from spring till autumn. Per Packet^ 2J. 6(/. TORENIA RUBENS. A charming iind distinct variety, with beautiful deep violet-blue flowers. Per Paclict, \s. 6d. WALLFIiOWBE, Veitch's Dwarf Dark. A new and very superior selection, of rich dark colour, dwarf growth and bushy habit : fine for Spring Gardening. Per Packet, i.f. For full particulars of at'ove and otiicr Varieties of Choice FLOWER SEEDS see CATALOGUE for 1885, forwarded gratis and post-free, on application. EOYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KIU&'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LOIDOIT, S.W. January 31, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 139 THE BEST 33. 6d. per pint I III Sealed Packets I only. I NEW 23. 6d. per pint n r A I" Sealed Packets r tA. I °°'''' V\rEBBS' WORDSLEY WONDER. A Flrit Early Blue Wrinkled Marrow. Height, 2'; feet. TRIALS AND REPORTS. Mr. W. Iggulden says :— " It is the best novelty in the way of Peas." Mr. R. Gilbert says : — " It IS calculated to suit the million." Mr. W. Ingram says:— •'The Wordsley Wonder is altogether a very good Pea. The "Gardeners' Chronicle " says:— " Of great productiveness and good constitution." Mr. 'WUliam Crump says:- " I am well pleased with Webbs' Wordsley Wonder." Mr. W. Klmpton says : - " The flavour is all that can be desired." Mr. Edward Tate sajs:— " Very prolific, having from ten to twelve Peas in each pod ; of first. class flavour." Mr. Joseph Fltt says :— " The best new Pea sent out for some time." Mr. Whlttlngton Landon says:— " Strong grower — very proliflc— delicious flavour." THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. SEEDSMEN BY ROYAL WABBANT SUTTON'S CHOICE NOVELTIES. SUTTON'S MICHAELMAS WHITE BROCCOLI. Comes ia about Michaelmas day, and deserves a place in every garden. Heads firm, of fine texture, snowy white, massive, and of excellent quality. Per packet, 2a. 6d., post-free. ■' Your Michaelmas White is a splendid autumn Broccoli ; comes in about the second week of September. I find it remarkably level and compact in growth, very firm, solid, white heads, and cooks particularly tender." — Mr. J, W. BuNN, Gardener to E. M. Price, Esq., The Phitberds. "The Broccoli I had from you this season is now (the middle of Septenr-ber) a perfect wonder ; very large and good in quality." — Mr. J. Hall, Gardener to Mrs. Hammond, Kilverstons Hall. The Finest Scarlet-fleshed Melon SUTTON'S SCARLET INVINCIBLE. Introduced by us last year, and has acquired a reputation unequalled by any other Melon known. Form somewhat globular; skin orange-red, finely and evenly netted ; flesh thick, bright scarlet, and of exquisite flavour. On June 26, 1883, it was awarded a First-class Certificate by the Fruit Committee of the Royal Hortlcultiiral Society ; and in every competition we are acquainted with it has taken ist Prize. Per packet, is. 6d. and 2s. 6d., post-free. " A scarlet- fleshed variety of the most distinct character and highest excellence." Gardeners' iMagazinf, June 30, 1883. SUTTON~& SONS, Royal Berks Seed Establishment READING. THE SATURDAY, JANUARY 31, 1885. THE KENTISH RIVIEIRA. NO one approaching the grey shores of Albion from the " other side," and wit- nessing the low cliffs of Ramsgate or the barren sea wall between Dover and Folkestone, would imagine that westward of the latter town, between that rising port and the long low flats of Romney Marsh, there was a district which may fairly bear the title we have given it. Geologists and naturalists know that the Warren on the east is a place to revel in, but few of them would choose it as a winter residence, or think that within a mile or two westward there is an undercliff which from the mildness of its climate and the luxuriance of its vegetation might fairly vie, save in extent, with the better known district in the Isle of Wight ; yet within a mile or two of Folkestone, at the base of the Greensand cliffy, is a district where Camellias grow into large bushes, covered in the season with thousands of blooms, which would do no discredit to a conservatory ; where the Blue Gum, Eucalyptus globulus, rears its head regardless of frost (in ordinary winters) ; where the Hawthorn-scented Apono- geton clothes the pools with its singular white flowers ; and where Hydrangeas luxuriate as they might in some corner of Devonshire : one measured some 45 feet round, by 5 feet in height. Yet all these may be seen at Enbrooke and at Encombe, both gardens at the back of the long straggling town of Sandgate, facing due south to the sea, and b.icked up on the north by cliffs of sand and clay— treacherous l)ecause filled with water, which percolates through the s.tnd to the clay, and renders the latter slippery to a degree, that houses crack and have to be rebuilt on safer sites. At Enbrooke, the seat of Lord Pelham, are the Camellias we spoke of There, too, is a fine Araucaria, covered with male catkins ; there is a massive Pine of the T;eda section, with groups of evergreen Oaks, Hollies, and Irish Yews. Arbutus thrives, and Cupressus macrocarpa, where not exposed to wind, forms a dense green shelter that recalls the glorious belts of the fine Conifers around the Laureate's residence at Freshwater. The Pinaster grows, it is true, to large size, but its gaunt trunks and scraggy branches, even though laden with cones, are not attractive. The mansion stands back on rising ground with a full view of the sea and backed by planta- tions nestling under the bare hills known to military men as Shorncliff'. It is a house of many gables overlooking a terrace-garden with radiating flower-beds, glowing with colour even in November — Vesuvius, Tom Thumb, and Beauty of Calderdale Pelargonium, and the purple velvet Spitfire Petunia lending colour even so late in the season. Erica arborea forms bushes that once more recall the Genoese hills, and along one side of the property runs a ravine clad with Rhododendrons and Ferns, and ablaze in spring with Narcissus, Hoop Petticoats, and other bulbs which thrive as if to the manor born. The , glass 140 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 31, 1885. is not of great extent, but here Mr. Wright, the gardener, had a good show of Chrysanthe- mums, and a crop of Trophy Tomatos to make one's mouth water. A httle further west is Encombe, an amphi- theatre of wooded banks facing south, where Escallonia macrantha, big Myrtles, and a fine Eucalyptus testify to the mildness of the climate, but where the house about to be pulled down reveals cracks which remind one that it is not only earthquakes that have to be reckoned with. Magnificent Bay trees, Hydrangeas, Abutilons, Bouvardias all stand out-of-doors unhurt save in exceptional seasons ; and here Richardia rethiopica (the so-called Arum Lily) and Aponogeton make the pools gay. The great enemy here is the south-west wind, which sometimes blows like a hurricane, covering the foliage with salt deposit. But for this, almost anything will thrive, the common Cherry Laurel being one of the exceptions. Euonymus japonicus, Ligustrum latifolium and L. ovalifolium form admirable seaside shrubs. PittosporumTobira forms no bad sub- stitute for Orange blossom, and close to the sea the Tamarisk waves its elegant plumy branches and pink flower-spikes as if salt spray and rude winds did not exist. Encombe has lately changed proprietorship, but the gardener, Mr. Brown, takes a pride in showing what can be grown in a district where the ordinary observer confined to the dusty highroads or stony beach would imagine nothing but the hardiest of hardy things would grow. The Folkestone lower road, to the east, runs at the base of a Greensand cliff, also richly clad with wild flowers and per- meated by winding paths with here and there groups of Austrian Pines. Much might be done here by judicious planting. Clematises and hosts of showy wild plants might be intro- duced, but we dread to make the suggestion lest the wildness of the spot, already marred by trenches, earthworks, and paths, that suggest military roads rather than walks for civilian visitors, should be still further " improved." With such resources as Folkestone has in its undercliff, the greatest judgment should be exercised to develope its natural beauties, or at least to prevent their destruction, by well- meaning but incompetent improvement com- mittees. m Imto ||lmti^. L^LIA ANCEPS SANDERIANA. n. var. BOTANICALLY this might be regarded as the same as Leelia a. Dawsoni ; as matters stand actually, it would be more than risky to put this grand plant into the trade under the above-quoted name ; for there is a difference, and the difference is a well-marked one, recognisable by every one. In the elder variety there is an entire transverse purple zone on the anterior part of the mid-lacinia. In the fresh variety at hand there are two delightful purple eye-blotches at the same place, divided by a white area. The plant may filly bear Mr. F. Sander's name. The sepals and petals are described as ivory-white. The markings of the disc are as vivid as in Dawsoni, the yellow would appear to be darker, H. G. Rchb.J. Barkeria elegans and cyclotella. The writer of those lines in the last issue, p. 115, should look to Gardeners^ Chronicle^ xiii., not only to p. 72, but to p. 112, also in the very centre of the page. There it is stated that the woodcut repre- sents probably Barkeria elegans, although the descrip- tion is of Barkeria cyclotella, sent first by Mr. Bui!, then in a most admirable state by Mr. Day. After all such venerable orchidic patriarchs as Messrs. B, S. Williams and Dominy could be trusted for knowledge than to name old well-known Barkeria elegans, H, G. Rchh. f. A TRIP TO JEYPORE. iCoHcluded from p. io8.) In the parrot-cage I saw five parrots near each other on the ground ; their colouring was grey on the wings and back, purple-pink on the chest and neck, and white on the head. I had before seen this kind of parrot as single specimens, but was never struck with its beauty till I saw these five together. It is evident that repetition of the same thing, whether bird or plant, or anything else, often adds to its beauty. I once saw something like 5000 pink peli- cans on a lake — a sight never to be forgotten ! A soldier in uniform, whatever this may be, walking alone through Oxford Sireet, looks very much like carnival ; but make a regiment in line of such speci- men, and see how much grandeur the whole assumes. It is the same with trees. A single specimen may be a fine thing, but a group of the same trees, or an avenue, acquires totally different characters from the single specimen. An avenue 100 miles long, however, is likely to bore the mind like a street organ always playing the same tune. These are the little things which have to be kept in mind in planning out exten- sive gardens, The charm consists in variety ; in studying the effect of different shades of colour and form of foliage, and in putting before the eye, now and again, surprises in various ways, which the visitor does not see, and cannot see, till he turns round some corner, and be- holds a novel picture — a coup tfail — some grand specimen, or a blaze of colour. Mr. Dewes' scheme of book classification puts landscape gardening under the heading of " Fine Arts," and I think he is right. The ordinary artist, by combining imaginary scenes on canvas, often paints a pleasing picture. The landscape gardener, if everything be favourable — though his art, I think, is the more difficult of the two — should be able to make a real landscape by employing trees, shrubs, water, grass, buildings, &c., instead of paint. Flower beds are matters of detail which need not enter into the general scheme of a fine landscape. I visited the old capital of the Jeypore State — the city of Amber, now in ruins. It is in a small valley adjoining a small lake, and about 6 miles out of the modern capital. The palace and fort are on the top of an adjoining hill, and are interesting places. The surroundings are picturesque, but hardly deserve the eulogium Bishop Heber is said to have given the spot, viz., " that he never viewed a scene so striking, picturesque, and beautiful." In the valley of Amber, close to the lake, I saw a few Mango trees, which appeared to do well. I do not know which is the more interesting — AmbJr itself or the road to it, strewed, as it were, on both sides with the ruined mansions of the grandees of past generations. On the way back I went to see the crocodiles, in an immense tank in the city. This is a curious and rather interesting sight. Some meat is taken for these animals. They are called by the keeper from the feeding point, which is a sort of balcony over- lacking the tank. The call is a hideous and pro- longed shout, I suppose in crocodile language. Any- how, they understand it perfectly, as, soon after, they start from all directions of the distant banks, and a number of crocodiles' noses are seen approaching to- wards the feeding point, each cutting the surface of the water, and producing two small diverging waves. When they all congregate under the balcony, a piece of meat is tied to a rope, and the crocodiles are played with and tantalised by dangling the meat before them. The interior of their enormous jaws is of a pretty primrose colour. It is stated there are several hun- dreds of them in that tank. There are also eight fine tigers in the city, and a young one, ten months old, said to have been born in the place. The country on to Ajmere is the same as before described, with distantly scattered villages, and limited patches of cultivation. Many parts of the country have " Babool " trees (Acacia arabica), though stunted in growth. There does not appear any reason why millions of this tree should not be grown, for its bark, gum, and firewood. In one of the tanneries at Cawn- pore I was told that Babool bark is richer in tan than Oak bark, and is extensively used there. Rajputana appears to be well suited for horse- breeding, if rain were always to be depended upon. This year (1S84) there is in many places plenty of grass ; the climate is dry, and water, I was told, is not more than 30 feet below the surface, so that wells do not appear a difficult thing to sink. I fancy the real difficulties are people and money. Of these there appears to be a sufficiency to make a good * beginning, if the different princes were not oriental. In the cities a large part of the population is non-pro- ductive, consisting of mere hangers-on of the palace so that the waste of money in display is enormous. Ajmere is a very interesting city, full of archaeological re- mains, with many buildings and tombs of the time of the Mahommedan dynasty. Many of the latter are about 400 years old. Near a shrine, on the top of a hill, called " Tara Gur," I saw a Jessamine tree (Jasminum grandiflorum), with a stem 12 inches in circumference. From various cross-examinations which I was able to make, I came to the conclusion that it must be a hundred years old, if not more. There is one of similar circumference near another Mahommedan shrine in the city. Both were flower- ing as if age were nothing to them. Near the latter shrine I saw an old Mimusops Elengi (Mulseri), a Tamarind tree, and a Mimusops Kauki (Khirni), which were said to have been planted at the time the shrine was built, that is, about 400 years ago. I had not, however, any means of ascertaining the truth of this. The trees looked old but healthy, and appeared as if there were still a long life in them. In Ajmere there is a nice little public garden which would admit of being vastly improved and made picturesque, owing to its being on a hill side. On the upper part of this garden there is a small lake, bordered by several marble halls of the Mahommedan period. These, by a species of vandalism, were built up and turned into houses and offices, and the marble columns whitewashed. One of them is now being restored, and it is hoped, for the sake of the British name, that all the others will be also restored. About 6 miles from Ajmere is Piishkar, the holiest of all holy places of all India. It is the only place in India where there is a temple dedicated to Brahma. I visited this place on a holy day, the great fair and bathing day of the year, on the occasion of a full moon. There was a crowd of about 50,000 people, all in their holiday dresses. They looked very pic- turesque. There is a small lake, surrounded by hills, and edged on one side by bathing steps, the town, and its temples. A crowd of that size, staying there several days, does not retire without leaving dirt of all sorts. This dirt is washed down annually into the lake, the w,ater of which is considered very holy. The people bathe in it and wash their underclothing in it. Most of them do not depart without drinking some of this very holy water. It contains turtles and crocodiles, and is of the colour of brown soup. I did not noticeany trees of any cqonseuence on the way. The sides of some of the hills are clothed with small stunted trees, and the forest officers, I was told, are employed reforestingothers. Therecan hardly beany doubt that, in olden times, these hills were covered with forest, now most of them are as bare as one's hand. On the top of " Tara Gur " are barracks, which are used as a sanitorium for invalid European soldiers. Here I noticed a very strange thing. Drinking water on the top of this hill is very precious, as there are no springs ; and yet the annual rain water from the flat clean roofs of the barracks and other houses, is allowed to run off and down the hill, while numbers of water-men are employed with bullncks and skins to (etch bad drinking water from the bnltom of the valley, or from Ajmere, 1000 feet or more below the baracks ! The water from the surface of Ihe hill is caught in tanks, but is only fit for washing ; while the best and cleanest drinking water (rain water) from the roofs of the houses and barracks is thrown away, or allowed to mix with the general drainage water ! Yet every one you meet tells you the water of Ajmere is very bad ! Ajmere is the headquarters of the Rajputana- Malwa railway, and will probably one day become the Oxford of Rajputana. The Mayo College in marble is all but finished. This, with Ihe boarding houses of the different states, each built in stone, and in a different style of oriental architecture form an interesting group of modern buildings. Wilh so much engineering talent and learning looming in the future, Ajmere ought before long to be provided, not only with good water, but with many things that a civilised life may wish for. Agra. I never pass through Agra without staying lo have a look at the Taj and its garden. The monument \ affords a repose to the mind which no other form o( architecture appears to give ; and the garden is still largely preserved in the old Mohammedan style, with January 31, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 141 wide stone walks at right angles to each other, and shaded by old tall trees, many of which are common Mangos. Many of these trees, however, are now decrepid, and only fit for firewood. An attempt is being made to raise young trees, so as not to leave the walks bare when the old trees are cut down ; but Third, they can make little growth, as the roots of the old trees rob their soil of its water and its nourishment. A few years of open air and open soil would have made finer specimens of these young Mahogany trees than they are now ever likely to make. E. Boiiavia, M.D., Elawali. albumen and fibrin, and hence the explanation of its peculiar properties. Papain has even been used successfully to soften and loosen the membranous outgrowth from the skin of the throat, which is attended with such fatal results in cases of diphtheria. Fig Fig. 25.— papaw tree : carica papaya. the operation is an instance of what bad gardening can do. Under some old Mango and other trees near the monument, an attempt is made to grow a row of young Mahogany trees. First, the lower branches of these young trees are removed, so that the stem and upper branches are imperfectly nourished, the main stem being thin and crooked. Second, the shade of the big trees is injuring the young ones beneath, so that what growth they make is weak and imperfect, THE PAPAW. To those accustomed only to see small plants in hothouses, our illustration (fig. 25), showing the size to which the plant attains in Mexico, may come as a surprise. The Papaws are permeated by a milky juice, which has the singular property of rendering tough meat tender ; in fact, the active principle. Papain, has been proved to have a soluble effect on leaves, according to M. van Volxem, have similar properties. In our stoves the Papaws are handsome shrubs or trees, with bold palmately-lobed leaves, and clusters of small cream-coloured bell-shaped Bowers, con- taining, some stamens, others pistils. Sometimes the sexes are on different trees, sometimes 00 the saine, and we have more than once met with flowers which bore stamens and pistils within the same flower. The 142 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [January 31, 1S85. matter is of some importance because, of course, if a purely male plant be cultivated no fiuit is obtained, and the fruit, though of little value as an article of diet in this country, is ornamental and striking in appearance. In the tropics it is used in a cooked condition, in curries, pickles, &c. There are several species, the best known is C. papaya ; C. cundina- marcensis, so-called from Cundinamarca, a State in New Granada, is of smaller stature ; C. erythrocarpa has crimson fruit. iVI. van Volxem has raised various hybrids interesting for the beauty of their fruits, and of some of which we have given illustrations on a former occasion, vol, xix., 1SS3, p, 445, SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF BRITISH PLANTS, After the completion of a narrow-gauge railway on the Penryhn Castle estate, I was not a little sur- prised to see in what an almost incredibly short space of time many plants appeared on the cuttings. First to attract attention was a goodly number of the Great Mullein (Verbascum Thapsus), which sprang up the following season on a rocky cutting near Port Pen- rhyn, and in a situation where I was not before aware of its existence although I had occasion, almost weekly, to pass the place previous to the formation of the railway. Other plants which appeared in quantity were the Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), the trailing Hypericum (H. humifusum), and the wall Veronica (V. arvensis). The most remarkable appearance was, however, that of the Butterfly Orchis (Habenaria bifolia) which sprang up and flowered the following season after the completion of the railway. The cutting in which it appeared was in some places upwards of 20 feet in depth, and the plants came up at dis- tances below the former level of the ground of from 6 to 10 feet. As this Orchid cannot flower from seed in a single season, it is apparent that the tubers must have remained dormant in the ground for a very long period, and until placed in a suitable medium for their development, for I certainly col- lected large well-formed spikes o( bloom the follow- ing season, after the cutting was formed. The pro- bability that the tubers may have, been introduced with any surface-dressing is not consistent with facts, apart from the well-known difficulty that is always experienced in getting the plant established in a new habitat. A somewhat similar case to the above came under my notice a few years ago, in which the same Orchis appeared in great quantity in a newly-thinned plantation, and where I am fully convinced no plants had been seen for a number of years previously A. D. Webster. NOTES ON THE CULTIVATED ASTERS.— VIII. {Continued from p. ^8.) StJBGENUs HI. BiOTiA.— Differs from Euaster by its unflattened achenes and shorter leafy points of the bracts of its multiserial involucres. Connects the genus Aster with Olearia (Eurybia) of Australia and New Zealand. Only two species, confined to North America. 39, A. corymbosus, Ait, A, divarlcatus, Linn, Herb, Eurybia corymbosa. Cass, Biotia corymbosa, DC- Stem, iJ— 2 feet long, slender, fle.xuose, hairy upwards. Leaves cordate-ovate, all except the uttermost distinctly petioled, acuminate, thin in texture, sharply serrated, slightly hairy on both surfaces ; upper leaves ovate- lanceolate, sessile. Heads many, arranged in a lax corymbose panicle. Involucre campanulate. \ inch in diameter, well imbricated ; bracts all with short semi- orbicular erect green tips, Ligules 6—10, linear, whitish, \ inch long. Achene cylindrical, glabrous ; pappus pale red, J inch long. Canada to Georgia, in woods and thickets. 40. A. macrofhyllus, Linn. Eurybia macrophylla, glomcrata, and Schreberi, Nees. Biotia Schreberi, lati- folia, glomerata, and macrophylla, DC— Stems stouter than in the last, 2—3 feet long, slightly hairy only towards the top. Leaves cordate-ovate, all except the uppermost distinctly petioled, acute, shortly serrated, firmer in texture than in the last ; the lowest sometimes S— 6 inches long and broad, with a petiole longer than the blade ; upper leaves sessile. Heads many, arranged in an ample panicle with corymbose branches. Involucre campanulate, \—\ inch diameter ; bracts in several rows, all with semi-orbicular erect green leafy tips. Ligules 10—15, whitish or pale lilac, J-inch long, Achene cylindrical, glabrous, ;,-inch long ; pappus pale red, moderately firm in texture, flexuose, a little longer than the achene. Common in woodlands in damp or rich soil, from Canada eastward to Manitoba and southward to Georgia, As will be seen from the synonymy this is very variable, the name as interpreted by Dr, Gray covering four species as defined in De Candolle's Prodrotmis. Subgenus IV. Ortiiomeris.— Bracts of the invo- lucre dry and uniform in texture throughout, with erect tips, generally well imbricated. Ray-flowers fertile ; achenes rather flattened. Pappus moderately firm in texture. Next to Euaster this is the largest of the nineteen subgenera, but as adapted for gardening pur- poses it does not deserve a very high character. It contains altogether about forty species, five of which belong to the Eastern and sixteen to the Western United States, six to the Himalayas, one (Aster Willkommi of Schultz) to Europe, and the remainder to Siberia, China, and Japan, where it is the dominant type, I shall notice only the six species we possess at Kew at the present time in a living state. 4r, A. allaicus, Willd. A. angustifolius, Lindl, A, spartioides, Clarke, Calimeris altaica and canescens, Nees. Galatella juncea, Lindl. — Stems many, from a woody rootstock, erect, varying from a few inches to \\ — 2 feet in length, sometimes much branched. Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, sessile, entire, scabrous, the lower not more than I — 2 inches long. Heads solitary or few, in a corymb at the end of the branches. Involucre cam- panulate, \ inch in diameter ; bracts few, lanceolate, nearly equal in length, Ligules about twenty, whitish, under J inch long. Achene densely silky ; pappus pale red, flexuose, nearly \ inch long, A characteristic Central Asian type, extending from Afghanistan and the temperate region of the Western Himalayas through Siberia to China. 42. A.glaucus, Torrey and Gray.— Stems r— 2 feet long, much branched, quite glabrous up to the very summit. Leaves lanceolate, entire, sessile, glaucous, glabrous, acute or subobtuse, the lower 2 — 3 inches long. Heads numerous, forming a lax ample panicle with corymbose branches. Involucre campanulate, \ inch in diameter, well imbricated ; inner bracts lanceo- late ; outer oblong. Ligules 12— rs, bright lilac, linear, 3 — 2 inch long. Achene hairy, ^ inch long ; pappus pale red, flexuose, \ inch long, much protruded from the involucre, Rocky Mountains, Wyoming, to Utah and Colo- rado. A very distinct type, introduced into cultiva- tion from seeds collected by Dr. Parry. 43. A. ptarmicoides, Torrey and Gray. Diplopappus albus. Hook. Heleastrum album, DC. Doellingeria ptarmicoides, Nees. Eucephalus albus, Nutt,— Stems tufted, erect, much branched, hairy upwards, 1—2 feet long. Leaves crowded, ascending, lanceolate, entire, acute, firm in texture, the lower petioled, 3—4 inches long, the upper sessile. Heads many, arranged in a lax corymbose panicle. Involucre broadly campanulate, multiserial, \ inch in diameter ; bracts green, but rigid. Ligules 20 or more, pure white, i inch long, Achene glabrous, hardly at all flattened ; pappus while, -J inch long, its bristles very numerous, unequal, the largest thickened towards the tip, strongly ciliated. A very distinct and widely spread species, extend- ing from New England to Georgia, Colorado, Illinois, and the Saskatchewan. 44. A. teHuifoliiis, Linn. A. flexuosus, Nutt. A. sparsiflorus, Pursh. A. Tripolium, Walters, non Linn. — Stem weak, slender, erect, glabrous, r— 2 feet long, more or less branched. Leaves few, distant, linear, entire, the lower 3—4 inches long. Heads solitary, or few in a lax corymb at the end of the branches, invo- lucre obconic, nmltiserial, :; inch diameter ; bracts lanceolate-acute ; ligules bright lilac, lanceolate, :[ inch long, Achene hairy, J inch long ; pappus soft, fragile, dirty while, rather longer than the achene. Salt-marshes of the coast from New England south- ward to Florida. A. Chapmanni of Torrey and Gray is a rare nearly allied I'loridan species. Both of them resemble in habit our European Aster Tripo- lium. The plant called Chapmanni in English gardens is totally difl'erent, and is a variety of turbinellus, 45. A. ucmomUs, Ait. A, uniflorus, Michx, A, ledi- lolius, Pursh, Galatella nemoralis, Nees, — Stems slender, erect, densely leafy, pubescent, simple, 1—2 feet long. Leaves crowded, lanceolate, all small, sessile, and entire, the lowest only i—i\ inch long Meads few. in a lax simple corymb, sometimes solitary. Involucre broadly campanulate, well imbricated, \ inch diameter ; bracts lanceolate, green, acute. Ligules 10—20, bright lilac, \ inch long. Achene hairy, rather compressed ; pappus copious, flexuose, pale red, J inch long. A boreal species, extending from Newfoundland and the shores of Hudson's Bay southward through Canada to New Jersey. 46. A. cuumiiiatiis, Michx. A. divarlcatus, Lam. non Linn. Diplostephium acuminatum, DC. — Stems simple, erect, pubescent, flexuose, i^ — 2 feet long. Leaves large, thin, obovate-oblong, acute, sessile, sharply ser- rated, the central ones 3 — 4 inches long, i\ — li inch broad, narrowed gradually from the middle to the base. Heads numerous, arranged in a lax panicle with corym- bose branches. Involucre broadly campanulate, ^ mch diameter ; bracts few, pale green, lanceolate, acute. Ligules ro — 12, linear, white or pale lilac, under 4 inch long, Achene slender, ^ inch long ; pappus copious, flexuose, whitish, twice as long as the achene. Damp, cool woods, Labrador to Pennsylvania, and along the mountains southward to Georgia, 7. G. Baker. (Tc be conlinued.) THE CULTIVATION OF PLUMS UNDER GLASS. From a commercial point of view this mode may be deemed inexpedient, because whenever our crop of Plums fails outof doors, we get an abundant supply of others for our markets from other places. This is unquestionably the case with respect to culinary kinds if not with the choicer kinds ; but apart Irom these considerations, and looking at the subject from a purely horticultural point of view, it is an inexpensive method that is full of interest, and, therefore, should be recognised and encouraged, and the crop secured, whatever conditions of weather may prevail outside. The season of ripening is entirely under control, the fruit is free (rora the depredations of insects and other pests if proper precautions against them are taken, and, above all, there is the pleasure and satisfaction of pro- ducing fruit when it fails out-ol-doors, or otherwise is of an inferior description. Plum-houses are already established in some gardens, and form an interesting feature and a very attractive one when the trees are in blossom or laden with fruit. I consider that grand old variety, Coe's Golden Drop, to be worth a house almost everywhere in this country, and particularly in northern and cold districts where it onlyripens properly in most favourable seasons, and then rarely assumes that beautiful golden appearance which is essential to get it to perfection. Plum trees require a well ventilated structure, with plenty of light ; in form a lean-to or span will answer. This should be furnished with about two 4-inch hot- water pipes all round, so that a temperature of about 40° at night and 50° in the daytime can be maintained under any circumstances. The border should be made of good calcareous loam, about 3 feet in depth, and should be drained properly. The trees may comprise those in cordon form, and be run up at about iS inches beneath the rafters or bars of the house, at about 4 feet apart, or the trees can be trained on trellises, similar to Peaches, at the aforenamed distance from the glass. The following may be selected as being good kinds for the purpose, viz.. Rivers' Prolific, Green Gage, Jefi'erson's, Kirke's, Denyer's Victoria, Reine Claude de Bavay, and Coe's Golden Drop ; the latter kind should be plentifully planted, by reason of its keeping properties, as well as being the best Plum in cultivation. Owing to the vigorous habit of these trees, it will be necessary to check growth in some degree ; there- fore, when the trees are fairly established in the border, the roots will need to be curtailed by cutting them back somewhat, or partially lifting them, in order to make the trees fruitful and keep them in a bearing state. Water should be given copiously throughout the growing season, and the borders should never be permitted to become very dry. Treatment, As Plum trees are very impatient of fire-heal, espe- cially during the early stages of growth, particular care should be exercised in this matter. Use no artificial heat at night if the house will stand at 40°, and 50° by it will be ample in the daytime until such time as natural means will provide what more is required. It should be given at all times except when very severe weather prevails, and as liberally as the January 31, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 143 surrounding circumstances will admit — scarcely loo much of it can be admitted at favourable times. Ordinary attention to syringinEj, training the shoots, and stopping them, will of course be necessary, and after the cleaning of established trees is finished it is advisable, before the flowering time comes, to well fumigate the house, or else syringe the trees over with qua?sia or tobacco water to free them from any insects which may abound and subsequently prove very troublesome and detrimental to the well- doing of the trees. G. T. Miles, ll'yiomlie Al'I'O'. PALMS. The followinjj notes refer to some of the larger Palms now growing in the Palm-stove of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, and were originally laid before the Botanic Society of Edinburgh : — On the completion of the new Palm-house at the Royal Eot.inic Garden in 1S5S the late Professor Balfour read to the Society a paper giving a detailed account of this fine structure, inciuding a description of some of the larger Palms then growing, and men- tioning their respective heights. The late Mr. MacNab also communicated to the Society from time to time much information regarding them. The object at present is to record the progress that has been made during the last twenty-seven yea's by those plants which still exist, and also to give some information regarding younger plants, several of which give indications of ere long outstripping the older ones. Of the old Palms the largest is a fine specimen of Livistona chinensis. The height of this tree in 185S was 42 feet ; in 1S75, 45 feet ; and it is now 49 feet high, showing an increase of 7 feet in twenty-seven years. The circumference of the stem at the base was 6 feet in 1875 ; it is now 6 feet 3 inches. It has a clear upright stem, 33 feet in height up to where the lowermost leaf is given off, and is in vigorous health for so old a plant. Of Seaforthia elegans there are two plants, now nearly equal in every respect. In 1S5S the taller one measured 26 feet in height ; both plants are now 47 feet 6 inches in height (an increase of 21 feet 6 inches in twenty-seven years). They have clear stems 30 feet high, and their circumference at the base is 3 feet 3 inches. For the latter measurements there exist no data for comparison. There are eleven fully developed leaves on each plant, averaging 14 feet in length. These two fine trees are in vigorous health, and are likely to go on improving for years to come. Corypha australis in 185S measured 23 feet in height ; it is now 41 feet. It has a clear stem of 20 feet 4 inches, and measures 3 feet 3 inches at the base. Phcenix silvestris in 1S5S was 20 feet high ; it is now 30 feet 4 inches, with a clean stem of 14 feet, the cir- cumference at the base being I foot 7 inches. The leaves are II feet 6 inches in length, mostly curved downwards, and forming a fine canopy of foliage. The most remarkable of the older Palms is the well- known example of Sabal umbraculifera, the Bull Palm of the West Indies. This grand tree was 30 feet high in 1S5S, and it is now 36 feet 4 inches. In 1858 the circumference of the stem at the base was said to be 5 feet 6 inches ; ten years later 5 feet 4 inches is given ; it is now 5 feet 3 inches ; it seems difficult to explain how this has happened. In 1S74 it had a clear stem of 14 feet, and the circumference below where the lowermost leaf is given off was 3 feet. It has now 17 feet 4 inches of a clear stem, and the circumference at the top is 3 feet i inch. The greatest difference occurs in the length of the leaves, which was^ then 16 feet, the leafstalk being 10 feet, and the blade 6 feet long by 5 feet 6 inches broad ; now the leaves measure 12 feet 6 inches, viz., 7 feet of leafscalk, and 5 feet 6 inches of blade ; there is an increase, however, in the breadth, which is now 6 feet 8 inches. The smaller size of the leaves made may probably be an indication of diminishing vigour, owing to the great age of the tree ; otherwise it appears to be perfectly healthy, and is developing numerous young leaves and abundance of flowers and fruit. The latter is produced in such quantity that it requires to be cut off occasionally to prevent the tree from exhausting itself too much. Since its removal ten years ago to its present position in the centre of what was formerly the old Palm-house, it was grown until last spring in a wooden box 7 feet 10 inches square by 5 feet deep, and rested on the Boor of the house, which formed the bottom. Owing to the heat and moisture the box had become very much decayed, showing the roots of the plant protruding in several places ; it therefore required to be furnished with a new box. As the tree was resting on the floor, and in the best possible position, in the centre of the house, where it gets the light all round, no advantage was to be gained by moving it. Instead of the usual wooden tub, it was thought advisable to have a per- manent structure built round it. When the square boards were removed to allow of this being done, a dense mass of roots was disclosed. The corners were carefully forked out, and any old soil that could be got at taken away. The whole ball was then covered with mats, and soaked with water. A stone tub or wall 34 feet 6 inches in circumference, iS inches thick at bottom, tapering 0II to 12 inches at top, and 5 feet deep, was then built round it ; openings were left at the bottom for drainage, and spaces round the sides for Ferns and other plants to grow in when the building was finished, additional drainage material and fresh soil were inserted ; Ferns, Ficu! stipularis and other plants, were planted round the sides and margin so as to cover the stonework. Being circular it takes up less room than it did formerly, and has also a much better appearance. Regarding the age of this tree, the late Mr. MacNab gave some interesting facts in a communication to this Society in 1874 He says : " This tree cannot be less than sixty years old. It was removed from the stove of the old Botanic Garden at Leith Walk, in 1S22, and was kept in a lean-to house in the present garden for thirteen years. This house being only iS feet high at back and 7 feet in front, it was greatly hampered." Assuming the Palm to have been only 16 feet high when removed from this lean-to house in 1835, it has thus made 20 feet 4 inches in fifty years, to attain its present height of 36 feet 4 inches. This is equal, to an increase of nearly 5 inches per annum. If the same ratio he applied to the 16 feet formed previous to 1S35, that would give the age of our tree as being over eighty-eight years. We know, however, that during its infancy this species of Sabal makes very slow progress. For the first eight or ten years it produces long, simple, un- divided leaves, after which it assumes the more or less divided palmate leaves characteristic of the adult plant. The seeds are consequently not in demand by nurserymen and others who require plants that will have a good appearance quickly. Many species of Palms, Livistona, Seaforthia, Chamasdorea, and others, assume their characteristic adult foliage, though in miniature, in from three to four years from the time of sowing the seed, and then make useful plants for decorative purposes, whereas Sabal umbra- culifera requires from sixteen to twenty years to become in any way effective. A seedling from our Bull Palm, raised certainly not less than eighteen years ago, is now 6 feet high, measured to the tip of the leaf, and has 7 inches of stem. This is the largest of our young plants, and has thus increased at the rate of 4 inches per annum. Assuming that the old plant increased at the same rate while forming its first 6 feet of growth, and allowing the remaining lo leet to have increased at the same rale which the plant has made during the last fifty years, viz., 5 inches per annum, this would give ninety-two years as the lowest approximate age of our tree. Regarding some of the younger Palms which have not been measured hitherto, the largest is a fine plant of Euterpe edulis. It is now 47 feet 6 inches in height. It has a clear stem of 34 feet 9 inches, and the circumference at the base is i foot Io4 inches. This plant has made very rapid progress. It was removed from the east range of houses fifteen years ago, and was from 12 to 13 feet high at that time. It was then growing in an earthenware pot 16 inches wide, and is now in a tub 5 feet wide, by 3 feet 10 inches deep. Cocos plumosa is 44 feet 9 inches high, and has 30 feet of a clear stem. The circumference at the base is 4 feet 8 inches, and it is about thirty years of age. Caryota excelsa measures 37 feet 7 inches in height. It has a clear stem of 18 feet, and the circumference at the base is 3 feet I inch. A young vigorous plant of Cocos Romanzoflfiana is 34 feet 4 inches high, and it has a clear stem of 22 feet S inches, the circumference at the base being 3 feet 10 inches. This plant was received from the nurseries of Louis van Houtte, at Ghent, in 1865, and is now about twenty-six years old. These large Palms, with the exception of Sabal umbraculifera, already mentioned, are all growing in round wooden tubs, made of Oak, and placed on rollers. The prin- cipal advantage of this system of having the plants in tubs instead of thtir being planted out in the ground of the house is the compaiative case by which they may be removed to other parts of the house, when they become crowded. It is just five years since most of the larger plants were retubbed and arranged. Several of them have already become so crowded that con- siderable rearrangement will be again necessary. Another important advantage is, that we are thus enabled, by occasionally turning the plants round, to assist them materially in keeping their stems upright. In certain portions of the house, when they remain too long in one situation, the leaves become drawn to the position of most light, which ultimately causes the stem to become bent. iV. Linihay. HISTORY OF ORCHIDS AT KEW. On considering the great number of exotic Oichi- dex, now introduced and cultivated in this country, and the high prices they realise at public sales, it occurred to me that a brief history of the early in- tr.xluced species, and their gradual increase, might hz interesting to your readers. In the last edition ot Millei's Gardenci-s' DUtionary, published in 176S, about thirty species of Epidendrum are noticed, of which he says " But as the plants cannot, by any art yet known, be cultivated in the ground, it would be to little purpose to enumerate them ; though could the plants be brought to thrive, many of them produce very fine flowers of uncommon forms." He further says, that he had ** Three species sent from America, which he planted with care in pots, and placed them in a stove where they showed their flowers, but the plants soon after perished.'* In Alton's first edition of Hortus A'cwensis two species of Epidendrum are described, namely E. coch- leatum and E. fragrans, as growing in the gardens in 17S9, and Dr. (afterwards Sir J. E.) Smith says ; — " We have scarcely seen any one species of this genus, except in a dry state, before the year 17S7, when E. cochleatum flowered at Kew ; nor was it till October, 178S, that E. fragrans of Swarlz exhibited its fragrant and elegant bloom in the same rich collec- tion. At present, several species are to be seen flowering in the spring and autumn. The following were in a thriving state in the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1794 : — Epidendrum coccineum, E. secundum, E. lineare, E. ciliare. E. cucullatum, E. ensifolium, E. ophioglossoides, E. ruscifolium, E. fuscalum, E. tripterum, E. Barringtonis sessile, E. altissimum sanguineum, E. natans, and E. glaucum. They are all cultivated in the stove, with very great heat ; being mostly parasitical they flourish best with fragments of half-rotten bark at their roots. They may be in- creased by parting their roots, or what is commonly called offsets, of which they generally have plenty." In the second edition of Hortiis Kezvensis (published in 1813) 115 species are enumerated, of which thirty- one are British and eighty-four exotics, the greater number being epiphytal and natives of the West Indies, a few of the East Indies, Cape ol Good Hope, and New South Wales. In the early part of the present century Dr. Rox- burgh sent from India Cymbidium aloifolium, C. prasmorsum, Aerides odoratum, Geodorum pur- pureum, G. citrinum. G. dilatatum, which, with the two recently introduced species of Dendrobium, D. cucullatum and D. Pierardi, and the West Indian epiphytal species, were in 1S22 growing in pots on a back shelf of a low-roofed house, then called the propagation-house. In the spring of 1823 a collec- tion was forwarded from New South Wales by Allan Cunningham, consisting of Dendrobium speciosum, D. jemulum, D. lingua:lolium, D. rigidum, D. pyg- mreum, Cymbidium reflexum, and others. Special House for Orchids. It having become evident that the mode of culti- vating these epiphytal Orchids was not successful, a portion of the end of the propagation-house was set aside for them, and a bed was formed, consisting of loose turfy soil interspersed with small portions ot stems of trees, on which the plants were placed, where many of them grew freely, most of them rooting into the soil, and clinging to pieces of wood. He also between the years 1823 and 1828 forwarded about forty tuberous rooted species ; they were planted in a bed of peat soil, mixed with chopped sphagnum and kept moist, contiguous to the preceding, where 144 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 31, 18 they remained for several years, producing their curious flowers, all of which are figured in the Botanical Magazitu, Between the years 1S23 and 1825 a considerable number of species were received from Trinidad, forwarded by Mr. David Lockhart, the superintendent of the garden, amongst which were the first plants of Stanhopea insignis, Oncidium Papilio, Lockhartia elegans, Catasetum tridentatum, lonopsis pallidiflora, and others, all of which were epiphytal, and many of them being sent growing on portions of branches as cut from the trees, which, being accompanied by instructions from Mr. Lock- hart as to how they should be treated, led to the successful cultivation of epiphytal Orchids. A few species were also received from the Cape of Good Hope, one being'.the carious plant of Bonatea speciosa, and from Java and Australia Calanlhe veratrifolia. On the removal of the house in 1S36 they had to be transferred to another in which they did not thrive, and very few of these plants have since been imported. Up to about 1S30 Orchids were looked upon merely as curiosities in botanic gardens, and by a few amateur plant lovers, the only trade collection being that of Messrs. Loddiges, of the once celebrated Hackney nursery, who had early become interested in the cultivation of Orchids. Their list published in 1S25 enumerates eighty-four species under thirty-one genera, but the flowering of Stanhopea insignis at Kew, and the splendid Cattleya labiata, Mossije, and crispa, Aerides odoratum and Saccolabium guttatum, brought Oichids (then known by the general name of Epidendrums) into special favour with.afew amateurs, one of the first and most enthusiastic being Mr. James Bateman, of Knypersly Hall, Cheshire. Their culti- vation was taken up by the Horticultural Society at their gardens at Chiswick, where a house was set apart for their special cultivation, and led to houses being specially set aside for them elsewhere. They rapidly became popular and favourites at horticultural shows. But to return to the progress of the Kew collection after 1S26. New species were successively added, and in 1836 a low-roofed small house was altered and appropriated to their cultivation, in which they flourished for several years, growing and flowering freely. Shortly after the appointment of Sir W. Hooker as Director, in 1S41, one ol his first desires was to have the Orchid collection increased, and for that purpose a collection of 200 species of the com- moner kind was purchased of Messrs. Loddiges. With this, importations, and presentations, the collection in 1S4S amounted to 755, and in 1850 to 830 species and varieties. By this time a large and spacious house was erected for their cultivation, but on account of its interior being fitted up with smooth stone and slate shelves, and its roof glazed with large squares of thick sheet glass, it was soon found that an atmosphere was generated ungenial to Orchids, and they had to be removed. Although placed under the management of three successive foremen recommended to the Director as adepts in the cultivation of Orchids, the collection greatly deteriorated under their manage- ment both in health and loss of species. In 1862 the collection again revived, and lost species were restored ; and in 1864, the time of my retirement, the collection amounted to 638, being 192 less than in 1850. J. Smith, Ex-Curator, Royal Gardens, Kew. CORYANTHES. [In our number for May 6, 1S82, we gave a full description and illustrations of the extraordinary flowers of Coryanthes elegantissima (by mistake called C. macrantha). The article is too long for reproduction here, but we are glad to have the oppor- tunity of adding the notes on l,the microscopical structure of an allied species, forwarded by Dr. Herdmann, which form a fitting complement to what has been before said. Ed.] On the surface of the column next the " pitcher," or lip, just above the entrance to the spout-like pas- sage, the epidermal cells are prolonged into tooth-like projections or scales. These are arranged with con- siderable regularity in an imbricating manner, and all have their points directed downwards, i.e., towards the top of the column where the stigmatic surface is. Figure 26 shows the arrangement of these scales : — A is a surface view, B is a small part of A more highly magnified, while c gives a profile view as seen in a section. This structure looks as if it was intended to prevent bees from climbing up the column instead of creeping tihrough the passage. The inside of the bucket-like lip itself is, so far as I examined it, perfectly smooth, being lined by epi- dermal cells with fiat surfaces. The " horn," H, fig. 28, which produces the slightly sweet fluid is somewhat difficult to sectionise on account of its softness and stickiness. First, I examined it fresh and made some sections, then I put the remainder in absolute alcohol for a week, and afterwards made a further examination of it, and took another series of sections. The super- ficial layer of cells all over is formed of moder- ately thick-walled, very protoplasmic cells, with distinct nuclei (fig. 29, a). They are nearly cubical, or in|some cases elongated vertically. Fig. 29, C, shows a surface view of these cells. Underneath this layer lies ordinary thin-walled parenchymatous tissue (fig. 29, A). In the sections made from the fresh "horn," the protoplasm of the superficial cells con- tained a great many spherical clear bodies of various sizes, and these in many cases contained two or three smaller rounded bodies (see fig. 29, B, which is a highly magnified repesentation). These were not starch grains ; they stain yellow with iodine. They were probably not oil globules, since they were apparently unaffected by the addition of ether and alcohol. The surface of the *' horn " when fresh was covered by the slightly sticky secretion, and this showed under the microscope the same rounded clear bodies which were present in the sur- FlG. 26.— CELLS FROM THE COLUMN OF CORYANTHES. (SEE TEXT.) face cells. The rest of the secretion seemed a watery or slightly viscid fluid which took on a uniform stain with aniline blue or eosine, and showed no structure under a high power of the microscope. In the sec- tions made from the pieces of the "horn " which had been kept for a week in alcohol, the clear rounded bodies were almost entirely absent. This seems to show that they are soluble under the prolonged action of alcohol. The plate or rounded projection from the base of the labellum is placed above the pitcher in the natural position of the flower. The upper surface, upon which bees would alight, is very decidedly con- vex. This structure is almost entire'y formed of thin walled parenchymatous cells, and as the first series of sections which I fiiade showed nothing else, I was unable to understand why the bees should eat this part of the flower,* and was inclined to think that it might be the sweetest secretion from the "horns," which after all attracted them to the plant. Some other sections which I have made since, show, however, that one part of the plate (which part I am unable to say for want of material — the last sections were made from small frag- ments of the structure) has the surface layer of cells filled with granular protoplasm (fig. 27, A), and in some cases prolonged upwards into long finger-like projections (fig. 27, u). All intermediate conditions between A and B can be found, and in some places the projections are even longer than those shown in B. Fig. 27, c, represents a surface view of A. In all cases these cells are distinctly nucleated, and I have no doubt this is the tissue the bees feed upon, if, as Ciiiger says, it is the plate-like projec- tion that they eat. fK A, Herdmann, Zoological Labo- ratory, University College, Liverpool. The Value of Orchids. — At Messrs. Protheroe & Morris' Sale Rooms, Cheapside, on the 23d inst., a very fine variety of Lxlia anceps, with pure white sepals and petals, was knocked down to an eminent firm of nurserymen for 90 guineas {^94 \os.). Imported and undowered pieces of white Lslia anceps realised 31 guineas, 17 guineas, and 13 guineas respectively ; and an established plant of Laelia elegans in flower sold for 25 guineas. * See Darwin's Origin of Species, 6th cd., p. 154. FROM A BUCKINGHAMSHIRE GARDEN. Jan. 10, 1SS5. — Fifteen moons of change and chance have waxed and waned above this little spot of garden ground — this green oasis in the wide fertile desert of Buckinghamshire cornlands— since last the pleasures and the pains of it crystallised into written words. Drearily grey and bleak, the level fields lie all around us. So bleak, so limitless, when, as at this time, the horizon is shrouded in cold mists and fog, are they, that they have been compared to the Steppes of Tartary I Our oasis has enlarged itself during these long months. " The Bocage " has been created. From out of the forest gloom of the Fantaisie sud- denly the path leads into the bright surprise of a broad band of flowers. If I shut my eyes lor a moment I can recall it in all its summer bloom. Nearest to the wood-side a Beech, and a Silver Birch, and a deep green Portugal Laurel, grow together. Underneath among the stones, spread- ing out over them their glossy leaves, are large white-flowered Periwinkles from the Olive valley of Koccabruna. (Since this has been their home, how- ever, the flowers have lost their first purity of white- ness. ) Then, quite beyond the shadow of the wood, shines out a long perspective of brilliant colour, flowers in clumps, and lines, and patches quite filling up the whole length and sunny breadth of flower border. There was nothing in it rich or rare, but every sort of sweet-smelling old-fashioned flower seed was sown there, and most of them thrived to perfection in the newly trenched ground. There was Lady's Pincushion of all shades of velvet-brown and purple stuck full of the whitest pins, and smell- ing deliciously. Sweet Sultan (or the Sultan's flower, Cyanus floridus turcicus, Parkinson) lilac, yellow and white. The name is accounted for by the old herbalist because "the great Turk, as we call him, saw it abroad, hked it, and wore it." We had the Sultan's flower in lilac, white, and yel- low, and the yellow is worth all three, though it is the least easy to grow. Somewhere it must do well, for the London flower-shops are full of it in its season. But something went contrary with yellow. Sweet Sultan here. Then there was Marvel of Peru — old- fashionedly Mervaile of the World— a West Indian plant, whose seed was long ago sent into Europe, and dispersed in almost every garden of note. It is "Bella Notte " in Italy, under the influences of whose sunshine it is said to be most fragrant when the sun goes down. We had some Italian seed also, but though coloured the same as ours — red, white and yellow, and striped — the flowers had no scent. Then there were whole beds of Mignonette (some- where I have seen Mignonette translated " Old Man's Darling "), and Clove Carnations, and sad- coloured Night Stocks, and honey-scented Alyssum, beloved of honey-bees, and Sweet Peas, and Ten- weeks Stocks, and a hundred things that I forget ; and later on came a deep glow of bronze-leaved Lobelia cardinalis, and auratum Lilies towered in perfumed splendour above the slighter annuals, and white stars of Nicotiana shone in the dark evenings, and there was quite a thicket of Dianthus superbus ; and behind all, along the back of the border, and against the line of young Aider hedge, grew great pillars of single Dahlias. So luxuriantly they grew in the new-made soil, so strong and rich in flower and foliage, that their tall, topmost flowers grew almost out of reach. The great bushes of red Juaresi, alternate between the white, were a wonderful sight, when at last their slow-blooming buds had opened out all over them ; but in a single night, with the first frost, their glory departed, and hanging their discrowned heads, they stood in black and shrivelled ranks. Along the walk between the flower border and " The Park " we planted a line of scarlet and pink Thorns, and made the first start with a Holly hedge. The young Hollies would do well but for Kitty, the domestic donkey I She is a hand- some, wayward donkey, with well marked zebra legs, and whenever she sees me near she gallops up, and poking her nose between the bars of the iron rails nibbles off a young Holly shoot. It is done, of course, to tease me, for she cannot mistake them for Thistles. At the end the walk turns and skirts a broad space of seedling Rhododendrons. On the left a narrow turf walk leads olT, winding through the thickest part of the Socage. This turf walk is my pride. The plan of it may not be fault- January 31, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 145 less ; some of my friends say it is most like a wriggling snake. But when the underwood grows thicker, and the Firs and evergreens are larger, its course will be concealed at every bend, till suddenly and unexpectedly you come upon an open round of green grass, enclosed by a hedge of Juniper. This green space, in the midst of the closer grove, is named "Glorietta," after some delightful garden I have heard of under the blue sky of Spain. Through all the months of summer the Junipers were lit up with long garlands of a certain fiery-orange flowered Nasturtium with bluish leaves, that wandered all over them unforbid. The serpentine walk is planned to "wriggle" on beyond the Junipers into the older Fantaisie. A straight path passing under some some single-flowering Camomile. Camomile loves to be trodden, and it is then, as you crush it under foot, that it gives up most freely its delicious aroma. The jresh delight of this rockery never failed during the whole summer long ; it had been made in a way to give new pleasure every day. The stones, brought from a distance, are old and grey, dashed with warmer red, and they harmonise well with the colours of the rock garden. Every plant that we put into the many pockets of peat and leaf- mould looked content and happy, and every plant grew (except the Sundew, from a moor in Hamp- shire— it simply refused'to live). There is nothing a plant loves so dearly for its home as a snug little pocket in a rockery, or, indeed, any kind of nook Fig. 27.— cells from the plme of the lip of corvanthes. (see text.) n. ■PIT Fig. 28.— corvanthes maculata var. ; section through flower. Pbo., peduncle : Sep., i, part of one of the lateral sepals ; Sep., 3, section of median sepal ; pe , one of the petals ; coL., the column ; stic, the stigmatic surface ; P. pollinia : T, tabular projection from base of l. the lip : pit., pitcher-like enlargement of the labellum ; H. horn. The direction of the arrow shows the course taken by the bees. Fig. 29.— cells from the "horn" of corvanthes. {see, text,) great Elms unites "Glorietta" with the orchard and the "Allee Verte." It interested myself, per- haps, more than it would others, to find in an old gardening book, after my ill-designed turf walk was made, a plan as nearly as possible the same in detail, even including Glorietta ! although the ancient Pleasaunce was on a grander scale. To-day a heavy fall of snow, the first this winter, puts an end for the time to a great work begun on the south side of the garden. Here we built up last winter "the Roman walk" — a bank of limestone rocks (I), having a paved way on the top, [reached by narrow rude stone steps at either end. We are now building up a sort of rampart at the southern end — a platform from whence the fields and a distant line of wooded hills may be surveyed. The air up here is finer, more invigorating than on the walk below. Upon the paved way between the stones we planted under the shelter of a big stone, or a comer hemmed round with flints. If stone were as plentiful with us as bricks, I think there should not be a flat bed in the garden ; the flowers should all be terraced up with stones. Our rockery I wanted to be dry and unbe- ferned. The aspect should be west, and it should be a little strip of garden, full of sweet and warm memories, without one spot of gloom or damp throughout its length of near 50 feet. So little many- coloured rock Roses with soft grey foliage crept down the heaped-up stones, overspreading them almost too quickly, and carrying their charm of rose and salmon- pink bloom far on in the year, unwilling, even when November came, to confess their long summer over, Portulaccas in scarlet and gold bloomed better than ever they did before in the open ground. The blue Lithospermum — which in April is found all over waste sandy places about Bayonne, and at the roots of the Tyrenees, and which hates so heartily a garden bed or border — look at once to our rocks, Iwen through the snow to-day, little stars of it shine bluely here and there among the crevices ; small de- licate Irises crest the jagged upper edge or cornice. It is beautiful to look up at them, when the sun shines through the lilac or yellow of their petals. There are two vigorous \'uccas, and near them — just for a freak of dear remembrance of many a terraced Riviera wall — I put in a Globe Artichoke root. The grey leaves lean over Acanthus-like, and two or three Artichokes ripened slowly into bee-haunted, purple Thistle-crowns, Few plants, indeed, are more grace- ful in their growth than*the common Artichoke, and I love it well, notwithstanding that dear old Parkin- son in the Garden of Pleasant Flowers leaves out of his discourse " the Artichoke with all his kindes " and reserves them "for the kitchin garden, because (as all know) they are for the pleasures of the taste, and not of the smel or sight," Along the east side of the upper rock-walk, from August up to the latest hour that the Frost King gave them grace, flourished a fairy forest of Amaranthus or Love-lies-BIeeding, The knotted blooms of amaranthine velvet mea- sure often 2 feet long, and the edges of the walk and down the other side streamed with purple. Children delighted in these long purples, and used to beg them for their "doll's feasts." Then amongst the true rock-dwellers there is Geranium tuberosum, lovely always, whether in its summer bloom, or when the leaves take on their autumnal red ; Sedums — spirale corsicum, lydium, and Sieboldii variegata, Saxifraga muscoides, all over pink in spring, and in winter a cushion of emerald-green ; Saxifraga longifolia, den- tata, and ceratophylla. A root of Polygonum nigrum was put in, with small hope that it could ever live ; but it has grown so large in one season, that it will have to be moved to another place. This quick- spreading creeper, with its little 'round^leaves, seems hardly so well known as it should be. Many a chance- sown seed of Eschscholtzia, with many another pretty old-world flower, has bloomed for our pleasure amongst the rocks : and a few green and violet-coloured Christmas Roses (from a garden in Cumberland) seem quite at home. They are difficult, and capriciously fanciful ; but certainly they do not hate the stones, as they do our borders. Just opposite the rockery and the Roman walk are some old Damask Roses, and the light shade cast when the afternoon sun was hot, seemed to comfort both the Roses and the rock plants The great yellow tree Lupin once grew here, but it is dead, and in its place there came a Virgin's Thistle (Milk Thistle, Our Lady's Thistle, Carduus Marianus). It came of itself, as they always do, near where there have been monastic buildings — in whose gardens they used to be planted anciently — for the sake of the legend pertaining to them. This special plant is the finest of the kind I ever saw. Before the frost touched it, it seemed thoroughly to enjoy growing itself into a great clump of rich green, white-veined bands, 5 or 6 feet round I The Box edging was overwhelmed with the flood of leafage — leaves one dared scarce touch, they were so dangerously thorned. "Our Lady's Thistle " arises of her own sweet will in divers places all over the garden ; but I cannot say she is always permitted to remain in the chosen spot. Thistles are not well everywhere. In some corner where nothing else is wanted to grow they are best. We have another kind which I wish to think may be the Blessed or Holy Thistle (Carduus Benedictus, (of the gardens of former days, the same of whom Cul- pepper, in his Herbal (he was given to uncharitable remarks), says, " I suppose the name was put upon it by some who have little holiness in themselves. What a character that delightful old Culpepper was He had faith in the doctrine of signatures, and he doctored with astrology as much as with medicine, declaring he could show " how and by what means, and also in what manner, the glorious host of Heaven doth act upon all terrene and terrestrial herbs, roots, plants, men and women and fishes," and the wonder- ful influence of the sun, moon, and stars upon every- thing. The Melancholy Thistle he esteems higher than Benedictus. " It is under Capricorn, and, there- fore, under Saturn and Mars ; one rids melancholy by sympathy, the other by antipathy. . . . The decoction of the Thistle in wine being drank, drives out superfluous melancholy, and makes a man as mery as a cricket." The Melancholy Thistle might be useful in these days when melancholy is said to increase upon the human race ; but our chance of ever finding it seems small, for by the description it appears to be not much of a Thistle at all, as it " differeth from al| other Thistles in its appearance. " 146 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 31, 1SS5. WALL COPINGS. Whatever our climate may have been in former times, when it is said bountiful crops of Apricots and other choice fruits were grown with little difficulty, spring frosts have now become so disastrous that, except in very favoured situations, it is a rare occur- ence that good crops of stone fruits can be obtained, even upon walls, without the aid of copings, or some other kind of protection ; and so severe are frosts sometimes during the blossoming period (as was experienced last spring) that even any kind of ordinary protecting material is of little avail lo insure a crop. Copings are, however, of service in most seasons, and should be generally made use of. They may be formed of various kinds of material, such as slate, wood, or glass ; but those made of the latter, owing to their transparency, are the most desirable, and should be more or less in width, in accordance with the height of the wall upon which they are to be employed ; the higher the wall the wider the coping should be. For an ordinary wall from 12 to 16 feet in height, for instance, the coping should be 3 feet in width, and be made in a manner so as to be readily adjusted or removed. When they are of this width and substantially made, they become rather expensive items, if used for no other purpose than to protect trees when in blossom ; but they can be so con- structed as to be conveniently turned to many practical and profitable purposes, and thus be boons of considerable benefit, especially to those having limited accommodation. It is chiefly for the pur- pose of pointing out some of the uses for which they are applicable that I wish to draw attention to them, as after the experience of last spring some cultivators who have not already furnished their wails with them may noiv contemplate doing so, and those made in the usual manner are of comparatively little service further than for the one object. For the sake of utility they may be made in sections of 4 feet in length in the form of sashes, the framework being either of wood or iron ; the latter is, of course, the most durable, and ours are made of it and are fixed to the walls by sockets and iron stays— a simple and secure method. Where not required for the trees, a time embracing the greater part of the year, sashes of this description can be made use of in forming the lights of span-frames, the frames being fixtures made ot bricks and wood, or portable of wood, are valuable adjuncts to the garden. They form the best places in which to grow Primulas, Cyclamens, Carnations, Bouvardias, and kindred subjects. Cucumbers and Melons may likewise be produced in them during the summer months, and various bedding plants can be propagated in them. In the winter they are suitable for protecting Strawberries, Lettuce, Violets, Helle- borus niger. Celery, and other plants. The sashes are also of use for covering outside Vine borders when the Vines are carrying crops of fruit in autumn and winter, 1 homas Coonibcr. SEASONABLE REMARKS ON ORCHID CULTURE. At p. 564, vol. xxii., I alluded to the treatment of Orchids in the early days of winter. Preparations must now be made for early spring. Work is not so very pressing as yet in many gardens, and it is a good plan to start now at one end of the house in which Orchids are grown, and examine every one of the plants carefully. Cleaning the Plants and Surfacing. The first operation is to get some warm rain-water and dissolve in a gallon of it 2 oz. of soft-soap ; with this and the aid of a soft sponge the plants are made thoroughly clean. At this time we surface-dress or repot the whole of them, beginning with those in the warmest house. Of course, many of them do not require repotting ; they are in the middle of their growth, and disturbing the roots would injure them very much. Potting. In all Orchid growing establishments a poltingshed should be built, convenient to the houses, so that it will not be necessary lo take the plants out-of-doors or into a lower temperature than that in which they have been growing. I have no such convenience, and rather than cany the plants out-of-doors and into a cold potting shed I pot ihem in the house where they are growing. The potting material in all cases is v-ry much alike— good, brown fibrous peat torn to pieces by the hands, sphagnum moss well washed and freed from weeds and all extraneous matter, some clean pottherds and charcoal broken into small pieces — the broken charcoal must have the dust sifted from it. For the largest plants I mix the sphagnum and peat together in equal proportions. Saccolabiums, which succeed best in this house, are potted in sphag- num only. There are a lew handsome Oncidiums also grown in the East India-house, which should now be repotted, Oncidium Lanceanum. The finest, perhaps, is O. Lanceanum. I bought a small plant of this twenty years ago, and it is now a large handsome specimen. When purchased it was growing in a pot, and succeeded fairly well for some years, but it was decided to place it in a Teak basket, where it has done much better ; it is placed on the stage amongst other plants in summer, but during the winter season it is suspended from the roof in the warmest house, v;ith the leaves almost touching the glass. It requires reba^keting once in three or four years. Another Oncid not often seen doing well is O. phymatochilum. It requires the temperature and similar treatment to 0. Lanceanum. It does well in pots if potted in the right way, that is, with the last formed pseudobulbs near the lim of the pot, so that the next formed bulb will be formed quite close to the rim, thus giving the roots an opportunity to grow mostly outside the pot ; they prefer this, and form in considerable masses outside, where they remain in better condition than those formed inside, Odontoglossum ampliatum. This is now throwing up its flower-spikes, and in a small state slugs or small snails are very partial to them. It is a plant that does best in a high tempe- rature, but, unlike the other two, it does not form roots on the outside of the pot. This plant I have generally potted in the summer, and found that it succeeds well with that treatment. Odontoglossum Roezlii. I find August or September a good lime to repot Odontoglossum Roezlii. They grow very freely in this house, placed near the glass, and well supplied with water at the roots at all seasons. They are now in the middle of their growth, and, should the pots be allowed to become dry, they would be sure to suffer. A rather moist atmosphere is quite necessary for many of the occupants of the Odontoglossum- house, including the Angrascums. Cypripediums, Some of the Cypripediums ore now in a condition to be repotted. Of the heat-loving kinds C. Spicer- ianum, C. Lowianum, C. Stonei, C. Lawrenceianum, C. Itcvigalum, and C. niveum may be mentioned. I find the recently introduced C. ciliolare succeeds well in the Cattleya-house. y, D, (To be continued,') 1 ^ f= THE LARGE ARAUCARIAS AT BUSBRIUGE HALE. I SEND you particulars and dimensions of an Araucaria imbricata, a male tree with calliins, the soil being a iandy loam ; it is one of a double row of trees on either side of a walk, distance apart about 17 yards in line, the whole forming a short avenue of a novel and imposingappeatance. They were transplanted about twenty years ago, then averaging about 6 feet in height. The one I wish particularly to mention is 34 feet high, girth at base 6 feet 3 inches, and at 5 feet from the ground 3 feet 6 inches, with a spreading diameter of branches of 20 feet. It is of very perfect form ; its opposite neighbour is a female, bearing cones, but only one appears lo have been fertilised by the calkins and is a very fine one, being some 7 or S inches in diameter, and of a reddish-brown colour. The position of the catkins on the tree is due south, and that of the cones south-west. Theyareabout 30 feet apart— the latter 3 or 4 feet below the level of the f >rmcr. In this instance the tree bearing cones is much coarser in growth, and quite as healthy looking as the maic, though not nearly so c ;mp.icl and hand- some in form, both havin,? a few decaying sprays on the inner side near the trunks. Therefore, this would give the negative answer to the question raised by Mr. George Bushby on October iS, 1SS4. The decaying of the lower branches is met with in veiy small trees as well as the larger cone-bearing ones, and I am inclined to think it the result of some disease. This is the first lime these trees have pro- duced either catkins or cones. Bythebye, Mr. Bushby does not give the diameter of his undoubtedly fine tree, so that one might gain an idea of its form, whilst the diameter mentioned by " R. McK." is somewhat remarkable, being nearly the same as the height of his tree, described in your issue of January 3, 1SS5, and which would, I should think, destroy its symmetry. G, //'. A'. Photinia serrulata. This handsome evergreen we have growing here (in Wales), on a south wall, its large handsome foliage always attracting atlenlion, especially in winter, at which period the young growths assume a bronzy-red colour, and during which it never ceases to grow. I con- sider its foliage superior to a Magnolia, and lo be a more rapid grower, although unfortunately it does not fiower here. But for covering a wall with bold and bright foliage there are few plants to equal it, nor does the plant appear to be so generally known as it should be. It is a native of Japan and China, and yet no winter that we have had injures it, having with- stood that of iSSt without suffering in the least, no protection whatever being given it. IV. Fertile Cedar Cones. My experience is at variance with that of your correspondent, " W. C, Inverness," concerning the fertility of Cedar cones ripened in these islands. Probably your correspondent's experience is, however, correct in regard to the northern district whence he writes, and where he probably resides. The idea as to the probability of these cones proving unfertile had never occurred to me before. Many years ago I noticed in a district very favourable to vegetation, in South Wales, that squirrels persisted in visiting certain Cedar trees in the park, and yearly plucked and tore to pieces the many beautiful cones with which the grand Cedar trees were laden. These mischievous rodents had, moreover, to traverse a wide piece of grass land to reach these trees— anadditional proof that they found something more than empty cones to exert their jaws upon. More than this, for some months after all the cones had been destroyed I have seen these little animals hunting the ground beneath the branches of the trees, and occasionally finding some substance, which I imagined could be no other than stray Cedar seed, which had either dropped from the cones, or been buried by them there in the season of plenty in accordance with their instinct. Being curious as to the presence of seed or not, I procured some of the finest cones, and found from one to three perfect seeds within. Doubtless other readers can confirm my statement, that squirrels habitually do visit seed- bearing trees for the same purpose, and so set the matter at rest. But I have a more practical case than the above, which proves that the seeds are not only fertile in some cases, but that they possess strong germinative vitality. A lady living near Woburn, Bedfordshire, a few years since, sent me seeds from her Cedar growing upon the lawn near to her mansion. I sowed them in 60 sized pots, and had them placed upon a cool greenhouse shelf (at Valentines), and quite 60 per cent, germinated and grew, being subsequently potted off. The plants are probably in the above gardens still. ll'iUiam Earky. Jlford. P O T A T O S. Whilst so much is just now being written about the Potato disease, permit me, in view of the fact that practically this fell disorder seems at present to be non- existent to try and forget all about a disagreeable sub- ject, and revert to the Potato as an ordinary useful garden vegetable, popular and ever welcome, without having my thoughts of the favourite esculent clouded over, with nightmares of murrain, fungoid and sporadic monsters, with Messrs. Smith, Plowrlght, and other eminent scientists sitting up aloft as directors of the demoniacal array. If Mr. Augustus Harris, of Drury Lane celebrity, wishes to attract the town with a great Chiistmas spectacular ghostly goblin horror, he .should an- January 31, 1SS5.] THE G.IRDRNERS' CHRONICLE. 147 nounce next winter the production of the great ten- tacular sporadic Fungoid Fury and the Fairy Potato, the whole of the scenery and characters reproduced for the occasion with scienlitic microscopic accuracy. Who should be the hero who would finally storm the stronghold of the Fungoid Fury and deliver the Fairy Potato from its horrid sporadic clutch I will not designate. Perhaps some others can supply the deticiency. But whilst all this scientific warfare is proceeding, the Potato seems to be calmly resting on its oars (I do not mean its resting-spores), healthy, cobust, and full of vigour for another season's work and productiveness. The mildness of the early winter proved somewhat troublesome, as the ardour of the tubers to get to work was rather promoted than restrained ; but now cold has come to the aid of growers, and the tubers, with becoming regard for the time of year, have quietly gone to rest. As a rule Potatos are very wideawake, and there is something truly singular in the association of the gciius homo with large quantities of tubers, all with their eyes wide open, perhaps taking stock of the human being in their midst, and if endowed with intelligence, perhaps wondering whether he would be half as mealy as they are when cooked. Just now, if the eyes of the tubers are open, they are not shooting. Those of the human race are often credited with shooting glances, sometimes tender, sometimes fateful ; but the eyes of the Potato shoot something more tangible than these, for from them come growths fraught with all that is valuable in the tuber. These will shoot presently — all in good lime ; and if due care be exercised they will be strong, vigorous, and of a healthful purple or green hue. Some one said the other day that it would be bettei to pull these shoots from ofT the early kinds than to plant early with them on, as they would be cut down with late frosts. How strange it should not have occurred to one who thinks himself to be a practical man that if these same tubers were kept out of the ground and planted a fortnight later the frost might be avoided, and all the value found in the strong shoots reiained. There is at present every prospect of a good planting season, and should no excessive frost or rainfall intervene, planting of the later and more robust kinds may be started safely towards the end of February, for the tubers will not only lie cooler in the soil than out of it, but will also get a good root- hold of it ere they break up. Late kinds will not be through much the sooner if planted in February than those planted in April, but they come away very much the stronger, and the early planting materially for- wards work. First early kmds that have been care- fully wintered and have had head-shoots well pushed and hardened, if planted at the end of April will always be as forward as others planted in March, for with all early sorts the quicker the growth the better the crop. If we are to have a comparatively dry winter we shall have little enough of moisture in the soil next summer, and therefore the early planting will prove of the greatest service in promoting tubering ere drought becomes master. As might have been antici- pated, Potatos are now securing better prices in the market, and those who have held stock over find an additional 20i. per ton to be worth waiting for. This slight rise will no doubt become greater in a month or so, and then, ere planting time sets in, we shall see such a fillip given to Potato trading as shall encourage growers again to plant largely, indeed the Potato breadths will no doubt be as great in the present year as in the past. The comparative absence of disease during recent years has given growers so much encouragement that happily they have come to regard Potatos as one of the best of vegetable investments— an odd fact in the face of the jeremiad over the decline of the Potato which recently appeared in the Times newspaper. Just as there crop up now and then certain sensational matters, the which prove to be godsends to the papers in dull seasons for news, so do there seem to be in horticulture certain periods in which, for lack of more useful or interesting matter, it becomes the habit of some literary garden hacks to fall back upon the Potato, and to abuse those who claim to have made it a subject of special interest, right and left. Raisers are told they are fools and humbugs, and their new kinds impostors, and various other comple- ments are flung about, the which it would be more proper if less polite to term abuse. Happily, neither the Potato nor its admirers are the worse for this outpouring. It is the product of a dull season. Last year was a fertile one in the pro- duction of new kinds. It so happens that some summers are more favourable than others for the production of pollen, and hence cross-fertili- sation is rendered easy. Siime live or six years later the products of those crosses come into commerce in the shape of new kinds of Potatos, and certainly the majority sent out last year were first-rate novelties. If the stereotyped abusers of new Potatos had grown the sorts, and been disappointed, they might have some claim to consideration ; but when they fall foul of these novelties, utterly ignorant of their various features and merits, it is just a trifle hard on the raisers. There will be more novelties put into com- merce during the present year also — that is certain, and the Canutes of the ink-pen will not be able to stop the flow of the Potato current. The world has gained very much by the efforts of raisers of Potatos, espe- cially during the past ten years. It may well hope yet to gain much more ; for, in spite of the fact that, for the past two years, Potatos have been cheap and abundant beyond all precedent, the end has not yet come — indeed, is a long way off ; and it looks as if we should continue to raise new kinds till the crack 01 doom, A, D. «^J»^ ORCHIDS AT MR. BULL'S, CHELSEA. We do not expect to see a great show of flowers in Orchid-houses at this season, but in the large nursery collections there is always something to be seen to please or to instruct the visitor. The cool-house easily bears away the 'palm for the number of the plants in flower. The weather had been very un- favourable previous to my visit, owing to the fogs that have prevailed, but there were still some beautiful spikes of Odontoglossum crispum and O. Pescatorei which were fine in variety, the colours of some being rich, while others were of snowy white- ness. The Lselia albida made a fine show ; the flowers of this species, when cut with long stems, may be made very useful for vases and the like. The varieties of it named L. albida bella and Mariance are richly tinted rose. Sophronites grandiflora made a nice group, the flowers being of very rich and varied shades of colour. Cattleya marginata was also in flower. Ada aurantiaca formed a glowing bit of colour. This, when grown into plants of large size, is one of the best exhibition plants, as it is often in flower during May. Rodriguezia planifolia is not worth cultivating except as a botanical species, but it is very interesting, and its small primrose-colourd flowers are sweetly scented. Masdevallia tovarensis was over, but M. polysticta was in full flower, while M. ignea was just coming into bloom. Pleione humilis seems to succeed best in the cool-house ; its flowers, just opening, are very pretty. Oncidium incurvum is also in flower, while a very superior variety of it, named O. incurvum albo-violaceum has a pretty white lip, spotted with pale purple. Perhaps one of the richest coloured forms of Odontoglossum Rossii was in flower : it is named splendens. Oncidium cheirophorum is very sweet, its dense spikes of small deep yellow flowers being very pretty. O. nubigenum roseum, a white flower with a rose coloured centre, places it amongst the best of the elegant Oncidiums ; it is very lovely. In a warmer house Lycaste Skinneri Vesta had large delicately rose-tinted flowers, while the variety princeps had a rich crimson lip. A singular looking Orchid is Microstylis metallica, with dark shining bronzy-purple leaves and small brownish peculiarly formed flowers borne on erect spikes. Ccelogyne Massangeana, a recent species, was also in flower, so also was the North Australian Dendrobium superbum. A distinct form of Oncidium Krameri, had a golden coloured lip, and the spotting was also very distinct from that of the normal form. What a richly coloured and beautiful Orchid too is Barkeria Skinneri ; its neat and compact spikes of rosy-purple flowers add a charm to the most select collections. J. D. Masdevallia triangularis. Although not remarkable for brilliancy of colour the flowers of this little Masdevallia have a pretliness of their own which, when seen in the mass, forms an attractive, albeit small picture. A plant in the Kew collection, growing in a 4-inch pot, shows well the good points of this Masdevallia, having a tuft of about thirty green leaves some 6 inches high, and peering just over the top of them more than fifty triangular flowers with a tail to each angle, the whole flower being tawny yellow thickly speckled with brown. Like most of the Masdevallias of which our gardens now possess scores, almost hundreds, of species, the above is as easy to grow as a Primrose, and requires treatment almost as cool, frost only being injurious to it. Some Orchid fanciers would refuse a place to M. triangularis because of its lack of brightness of flower- colour, and possibly because their idea of it has been formed from an indifferent specimen or poor variety. It would not require an effort on the part of any true gardener to see much beauty in this Utile Orchid when seen in such health and so gaily decked with flowers as the plant .at Kew is. One could name a choice score of small Masdevallias that would i;row in a little glass box placed in the window of a sitting-room, and from such a group much delight to the eye and in- tellect of a careful amateur would surely come. \V, A, Cattleya Walreriana and C. dolosa. Many thanks for the history of Cattleya Walker!- ana, syn. bulbosa, contained in your issue of Decem- ber 20 ; but there still seems confusion in many minds as to Cattleya dolosa, the same plant having been bought under two different names, and some still think that the plants of Cattleya Walkerijna they bought as C. dolosa are the true variety. I have met with several such since your issue of December 20. What I wish to point out as misleading to some is the woodcut you have given us (fig. 133, vol. xxii.) as Cattleya Walkeriana var., whereas it is much nearer C. dolosa had the bulbs been made a little longer. C. Walkeriana rarely ever produces more than one leaf to the bulb, which is its special charac- teristic, whereas C. dolosa produces a pair of leaves on each successive bulb, and blooms from the fully developed bulb, from between the pair of leaves, similarly to the new C. Schriideriana, instead of the small flowering growth of C. Walkeriana, as described by Sir Charles Strickland (p. S3). Any one who has seen the two plants together would always recognise them as being perfectly distinct. Henry James. Angr.€cum eeurneum at Birdhill, Clonmel, Looking over the Orchids at present in bloom in Mr. Cough's collection here, I am not sure that this is not the most elegant and chaste. The name is certainly suggestive, as it combines the soft massive velvety appearance of ivory with the tinge of greenish-white seen in the Euchatis. I had for comparison Cattleyas, Dendrobes, Odontoglots, e.g., one evidently a distinct new sub-variety, O. Alexandra:, pure white sepals with crimson dots and blotch ; Ljelias, Mas- devallias, Calanthes, Cojlogynes, Cypripediums, Vandas, &c., one or more varieties in bloom of each, yet I readily give this the preference. The plant is about ten years old, and has now in bloom a dozen blooms each on two massive spikes. IV. J. M. Xyloeium elongatum. This is Maxillaria elongata of Lindley, but has been removed along with several other old Maxillarias to the above genus, of which sixteen species are enumerated, including Maxillaria decolor, M. palli- diflora, and M. squalens, which are still cultivated at Kew and in other gardens. X. elongatum is re- markable in having a long, cylindrical quill-like pseudobulb, iS inches in length, and bearing at its apex two broadish leathery green leaves. I'rora the bases of the pseudobulbs the flower-scape is produced, a short-stalked head of flowers, not more than 4 inches long, in this respect resembling X. squalens. There is also a similarity between the flowers of the latter and X. elongatum both in size, structure, and colour, so that although interesting because of its long, smooth pseudobulb, X. elongatum is not likely to find much favour as a flowering plant. Its nearest affinity is with X. pallidiflorum, the pseudobulbs of which are thin and elongated, but which bears only a single leaf on each. X. elongatum has been intro. duced from Costa Rica. W. A, 148 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. (January 31, 1885. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Monday, Feb. a \ Tuesday, Feb. 3 | Wednesday, Feb. 4 J Thursday, Feb. g \ Friday. Feb. 6 i Sale of sooo Lilium auratum, at Stevens' Rooms. Important Sale of Established and Imported Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Sale of Roses, Border Plants, and Fruit Trees, at Stevens' Rooms. Sale of Lilies, Roses, file., 3t Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Meeting of the Linnean Society ol London, at 8 p M. Sale of ^'aluabie Imported Orchids from Mr. Sander, at Stevens' Rooms, Sale of Iniported Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. "pROM causes which it is not our province J- to inquire into here, the number of New Fruits brought under notice during the past year is much smaller than usual. We have not this season to record the introduction of any new Grapes, or Pines, or Peaches— the nobility, so to speak, amongst the fruit classes ; and amongst the other classes the prevalence of spring frosts no doubt materially interfered. Apples, having been so thoroughly over- hauled and investigated during the preceding year could scarcely have been expected to yield much novelty. In this, however, we have one important and welcome addition in Lady Sude- ley, which, however, may be an old sort lost to view. This fine early Apple hails from Pet- worth, and first appeared as Jacob's Straw- berry. It may be described as resembling a very highly-coloured specimen of Duchess of Oldenburgh, and is fit for use in the same season. Another Apple that met with con- siderable attention and received high honours was Perkins' A i. It is doubtful, however, if it be really distinct from that beautiful and e.xcel- lent variety Lane's Prince Albert. High Canons, a seedling raised by Mr. Thrower, is a large and handsome culinary sort, of excellent quality late in spring. Several Belgian Apples have been reported on favourably, but these require testing in this country before recommendation. Pears and Plums present no novelty this season that calls for special notice. Amongst Strawberries Mr. Laxton's new seedlings, The Captain, and King of the Earlies, are welcome additions, on account of their great size and remarkable earliness. New Melons do not appear in such numbers as usual. Messrs. Carter's Emerald and Captain Larks may be cited as good and excellent sorts. The number of new names applied every year to the different varieties of Vegetables seems to be ever on the increase. It has become the fashion now, and almost every seed vendor seems to consider it rights to rename the com- monest article. This is a small matter to those who do not care for novelty, but to those who are on the search after novelty and improved varieties this wholesale manufacture of new names is full of embarrassment and annoyance. Potatos, however, the foremost and chief of the vegetable products that the gardener has to deal with, present us with genuine novelty. Those receiving certificates from the Royal Horticultural Society may be first noted, viz.. Charter Oak, an American variety from Mr. Bliss, large round white, with bright pink eyes— very handsome ; Notts Victor, large oblong, somewhat resembling Beauty of Hebron ; The Doctor (Pritchard), in the way of Schoolmaster ; and Ellingtonia, a long kidney-shaped variety, with pale salmon skin, flaked with dark purple— of rather sin- gular appearance, and wonderful good quality. The following were certificated by the Inter- national Potato Society :— Miss Fowler (Ross) a white kidney seedling from the Woodstock Kidney ; Pride of Eydon, also a white kidney, a cross between Myatt's Prolific and Beauty of Hebron ; M.P. (Ross), seedling from Paterson's Victoria ; London Hero, Chancellor, and Har- vester, three of Mr. Dean's seedlings, deserve special note as decided improvements, and the same remark applies to Suketra, of Holmes, now in the hands of Messrs. Carter & Co. Amongst other vegetables special note must be made of Hawke's Champagne Rhubarb, which, although not new, only seemed to have had its high merits fully recognised during the past year. Amongst Celeries a new variety, named White Plume, comes to us from Newark, N.J. This is a variegated sport, which grows so white naturally that it is presentable at table without the tedious process of earthing-up. It is not, however, tender or of good quality. Amongst Cabbages Messrs. Vilmorin's Early Etampes may be noted as the earliest of all. Ellam's Dwarf Early is also a very true and good sort. Vilmorin's Dwarf Brussels Sprouts are of very superior merit, the plant dwarf but loaded with Sprouts, which are of nice size and very firm. A great proportion of the Brussels Sprouts now grown are far too large and coarse, and quite out of character. Gilbert's Universal Savoy proved to be of excellent quality, being devoid of that coarse, strong flavour so objectionable in Savoys. Amongst Lettuces there seemed to be no very decided advance. Waite's new Cabbage Let- tuce may be mentioned as a good sort ; and amongst Onions Wroxton Hero and Sandy Prize deserve mention as excellent selections of the White Spanish. Tomatos again furnish considerable novelty. Golden Queen (Williams), is a very fine and distinct large orange-yellow ; Hackwood Park Prolific, Lord Wolseley, and Sutton's Reading Perfection, are all fine large smooth-fruited red sorts, that cannot fail to give satisfaction. The most extraordinary Tomato of the season was, no doubt, Chiswick Red, which for cropping qualities has no equal. Of Peas, some decided and improved varieties have recently been introduced. Some twenty years ago it was rare to find a pod with nine Peas, now pods with ten, eleven, and twelve Peas are becoming common. Of the last year's novelties Sharpe's Early Paragon, a large-podded white marrow, may be noted, and Magnificent of Eck- ford, a very large podded green marrow of fine appearance and excellent quality. Several very promising varieties from the great Pea hybrid- ist, Mr. Laxton, have been tried, and will, no doubt, when a little more selected, meet with the recognition their fine appearance seems to in- dicate. Hakea laurina,— This is one of the most beautiful of the much neglected Proteaceous shrubs. Its general appearance is sufBciently well indicated in the accompanying illustration (fig. 30), which, how- ever, can give no idea of the delicate rosy-lilac tint of the flowers, nor of the charming colour of the shoots, which bear some resemblance to those of Arbutus Andrachne. This genus is by no means difficult of cultivation, and it is a great pity we do not find them commonly grown where large houses exist. Some of the Banksias and Hakeas are strong and fast growers planted out, but when grown in tubs and pots they will not extend at any great rate, and become florifereus at an early stage. The soil they need would suit an Azalea indica, with a trifle of burnt earth and leaf-mould. The pots should not be much larger than the mass of roots, and the drainage good. To keep large-grown plants in check, shaving off the roots for an inch all round the ball may be done with advantage. Repotting is best done in March, and the plants should be carefully watered until root-growth has commenced. Syringing daily and free ventilation in mild weather will keep them healthy and free from insects. During July, August, and the early part of September plants of Hakea, like most of the Australian bard-wooded plants, are bene- fited by being placed in a sunny, open, but sheltered spot in the reserve garden, or may be used to form groups in the pleasure-grounds. In gravelly soils, and in positions where small pots get dry quickly, plung- ing in coarse sand or coal-ashes is of benefit. We are indebted to Messrs. Dickson, of Covent Garden, for the specimen from which the figure we give was taken. On the left of the illustration is seen a section of a flower-bud, showing imbricated scales and unopened flower within, below are pollen grains typical of the genus Grevillea. Further to the right two views of flowers are given, showing how the pistil flies away from the conjoined anthers covered with its pollen. The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution.— We are informed that the legacy of ifSoo, less duty, left by Mrs, Jane Dodson, of Blackburn, was paid to the Treasurer of the above In- stitution on Friday last. The Institution was brought to the notice of the late Mr. Dodson, at the Preston Horticultural Show, by the Secretary ; he then be- came an annual subscriber, and promised that he would not forget the claims of the Institution. International Potato Exhibition.— The trial culture of new seedling varieties entered for the International certificates will be carried out as in former years at Chiswick, by permission of the Royal Horticultural Society. Persons intend- ing to enter seedlings for trial are requested to send not less than six tubers of each sort, with names and pedigrees, to the care of Mr. A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick, before March 31, Argentine Rural Exhibition. — At the end of April this year an exhibition will be held at Buenos Ayres, of agricultural products, machinery, implements, and live stock. In the classes for vegetable products are sections for cereals, grass seeds, roots, tubers, vegetables, fruits (fresh and dried), oil-seeds, textile fibres, flower seeds, hothouse plants, open-air plants, fruit trees, forest trees, medicinal plants, &c. The exhibition will be confined to pro- ducts of the Argentine Republic, and will remain open about one month. "Plant Lore, Legends and Lyrics." — Her Majesty the Queen has accepted a copy of Mr. Folkard's new work, Plant Lore, Legends and Lyrics, issued by Sampson Low & Co. Grafting Quinces. — Evelyn, Pomona, P- 35S> asserts that the Quince, although it will serve as a stock for other fruit, yet that its own scions can- not be grafted on any other stock. He translates from Palladius : — " Though the Quince-stock admit all other Fruit, Its cyon with no other stock will suit. Scorning the Bark of Foreign trees, does know Such lovely fruit on no mean stem can grow ; But the Quince graff, to the Quince Stock is joyned. Contented only to improve its kind." Can any reader state whether these assertions still hold good ? Market Gardening in the Penzance District.— The West Briton of January 22 con- tained the following note :— "Of late years the early Broccoli crop in this district has not proved very remunerative to the grower, and, consequently, the earliest kind has not been cultivated so extensively this year. Our gardeners have only sent a very small quantity to market, but the prices realised are better than they have been for several years. The good prices given for Broccoli have induced many growers in the Gulval district to prematurely cut their crops ; in fact, a great number have been sent to market uo larger than pigeons' eggs, a quart measure being capable of containing a dozen heads. As a natural result of this conduct the trade is injured, and if these growers are not more careful they will be liable to destroy the confidence which it is their best interest to preserve." Crewe Hall Gardens.— In reference to this subject (see p. 75, Jan. 17), Mr. Whitaker writes :— " The kitchen garden, with orchard attached, contains 5 acres, and the flower gardens and orna- mental grounds about 45 acres. The quantity of glass is considerable, including large conservatory. Orchid-houses, stove, Camellia-house, Pine-stoves several vineries and Peach-houses, pot vineries, Fig- house. Cucumber and Melon-pits, &c. ; and the number of men employed is seventeen— six under gardeners and eleven labourers." Linnean Society.- At the meeting of this Society to be held on February 5, papers will be read on the following subjects :— " Morphology of Test in Cojlopleurus and Arbacia,"by Professor Duncan and Mr. P. Sladden ; on " Burmese Desmidies," by Mr. W. Joshua; and on "Generic Synonymy of Orthoptera to 1839," by Mr. W. F. Kirby. THE GARDENERS' CffROJV/CLE.- January 31, 1885. Fig. 30.— hakea laurina : a greenhouse flowering shrub : flowers rosy-lilac, (see p. 148.) I50 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 31, 1SS5. POTATOS FROM DISEASED [TUDERS — An Irish contemporary has received a report from Mr. John Conway, agriculturist on the Rathdown Union Workhouse Farm, inving details of certain experi- ments conducted by him during the year 1SSJ-S4, with a view to determine the possibility of raising a sound Potato crop from diseased tubers. Mr. Con- way says that in July he invited two of the guardians to inspect the plot planted with diseased tubers, and that they found it impossible to detect any difference between it and the adjoining plots either in foliage or vigour of growth. The following are the particulars of Mr. Conway's experiment : — Extent of ground under experiment, 26 square yards. Date of planting, April 14. Date of digging out, October 12. Total produce of plot under experiment, 6 stones 7 lb. Quantity of sound tubers, 5 stones 4 lb. ; of unsound tubers, l stone 3 lb. Estimated produce per Irish acre of sound tubers, 9 tons 19 cwt. ; of unsound tubers, 2 tons 5 cwt. : total, 12 tons 4 cwt. Percentage of unsound to sound tubers, iS per cent. Particulars of experiment with sound "sets." — Extent and quality of ground, mode of culture, time of planting and lifting, the same as in foregoing. Total produce of plot, 5 stones 5 lb. Quantity of sound tuber?, 4 stones S lb. ; of unsound tubers, 11 lb. Estimated produce per Irish acre of sound tubers, 8 tons 12 cwt. ; of unsound tubers, I ton 9 cwt : total, 10 tons I cwt. Percentage of unsound to sound tubers, 14 per cent. No manure was applied at time of planting, but the previous crop was well manured. The "sets" were planted whole or cut, with two eyes, in drills 3 feet apart, with 9 inches between the *' sets." . Snow Mountains of Eastern Africa. — At the last meeting of the Koyal Geographical Society Mr. H. H. Johnston read a paper on an expedition to Mount Kilimanjaro and the Snow Mountains of Eastern Africa. Mr. Johnston said that he went to the alpine district of Eastern Africa as head of an expedition planned by the British Asso- ciation and the Royal Society. Leaving Mombas towards the end of May last at the head of 120 men, of whom about a quarter deserted on the road, he reached Kilimanjaro at the beginning of June. The cultivated zone, he found, ended at a height of 5500 feet. At 10,000 feet the thermometer descended every night l° or 2° below zero. While mentioning this fact he gave details showing that the land even up to that elevation is both beautiful and fertile. He reached a height of 16.315 feet on Mount Kiliman- jaro—something like 2500 feet from the summit — where the fog prevented him from seeing anything but stones and snow. Notwithstanding the latter, his thermometer recorded a temperature 3° above freez- ing point. The lecturer went on to describe his attempt to ascend Kibo, the monarch of the range. Here he learned that the buffalo, the koodoo, and the elephant wander as high as 13,000 or 14,000 feet. He reached the snow region of Kibo, but not the summit, being compelled by bad weather and unwilling followers to return. The Rev. Archdeacon Fakler, as one familiar with the country visited by Mr. Johnston, pointed out that the lower slopes of the Kilimanjaro Mountains were very suitable for European settlers. Banksia ericifolia. — The leaves of this species are so dissimilar to Banksias in general, and bsar so remarkable a resemblance superficially to those of a Heath, that no one probably would guess as to its relationship except when in flower. They are slender, revolute at the margin, shortly two-pointed, and densely cover the twigs on all sides. Their cha- racters, as well as that of the flowers, refer them to the section Oncostylis of the Gmcra Pla^itartim, The cone-like inflorescence is cylindrical and erect, several inches long, and rather conspicuous. A large plant in the Temperate-house, Kew, is well furnished with these cones in all stages of development, from those that are green to the fully expanded yellow ones that ultimately become a deep amber-yellow. This species is figured in an early volume of the Botanical Magazine^ t. 738, Chrysanthemum Culture. — Mr. John Bradner, of Arley Hill Nursery, Bristol, gave a lecture in the Institute Hall, Veovil, on Friday evening, on "Chrysanthemums and their Culture." Local gardeners attended in good numbers, the lecturer's success as a prize winner having made his name famous amongst growers of the queen of autumn flowers. The lecture was full of valuable information from beginning to end. As Mr. Bradner has given up exhibiting he freely gave the results of his long and varied experience, and answered a host of questions after the lecture. At the request of those present he consented to publish the lecture in pamphlet form. International Forestry and Horti- cultural Exhibition. — We are informed that the arrangement of the Exhibition to be held at the Alexandra Palace, has been entrusted to Messrs. Dick Radclyffe & Co. The general programme is as follows : — Class I.— Practical Forcstry. Section i. — Implements and tools used in forestry ; draining, enclosing and surveying instru- ments, chains, dendrometers, Sec. , , 2. — Models of foresters" huts, drying sheds, charcoal kilns, timber slips, sluices, bridges, locks and weirs. ,, 3. — Plans of river embankments, rafts and appli- ances for floating timber. ,, 4. — Machinery or models for transporting timber and transplanting trees. ,, 5. — Saw mills, wood-working machinery or cork- cutting machinery of every description, and pulping apparatus in motion or other- wise. , , 6. — Fencing materials of all kinds, including gates and stiles. Class n. — Forest Produce, Raw and Manufac- tured. Section i. — Collections of timber specimens and orna- mental woods : — A, indigenous or natural- ised ; R, exotic. ,, 2—26. — Various applications of wood to indus- trial and ornamental purposes. Class HI. — Scientific Forestry. Section i. — Botanical specimens of forest flora. ,, 2. — Microscopic sections of woods, ,, 3. — Parasites ; fungi and lichens injurious to trees. ,, 4. — Edible fungi ; in their natural state or pre- served. ,, 5. — Forest fauna injurious to woods. ,, 6. — Forest entomology, useful and noxious in- sects, with specimens illustrative of the damage done by the latter. ,, 7. — Preservative processes applied to timber. , , y. — Specimens and diagrams illustrating llie geological fox'mations adapted to the growth of trees. ,, 9. — Fossil plants ; collections illustrative of the trees of the coal measures, &c. ,, 10. — Trees found in bogs—Oak, Fir, &c. Class IV.— Ornamental Forestry. Section I. — Growing specimens of rare and ornamental trees and shrubs, in tubs or otherwise. ,, 2. — Rustic work ; arbors, bridges, gates, seats, &c., in wood or virgin cork. 3. — Dried specimens of ornamental objects, in- cluding foliage. ,, 4. — Plans and designs for landscape garden- ing, &c. Class V. — Illustrations of Fore.stry. Class VI. — Forest Literature and History. Class VII. — Essays and Reports. Class Vin. — Loan Collections. Class IX.— Economic Condition of Foresters and Woodmen. Class X.— Horticulture. Spaces in the grounds will be allotted for collections and displays of trees, shrubs, and nursery stock and produce generally. Collections from private gardens, &c. Landscape gardening, plans, designs, garden literature, floral and other illustrations, &c. Class XI.— Seeds, and Garden Appliances of all Descriptions, Class XII.— Micellaneous. Lawn-mower competition will be arranged. If possible, arrangements will be made also for boiler, glazing, fumi- gating, watering apparatus, and other similar competi- tions. Applications for space should be made immediately to Dick Radclyffe, 129, High Holborn, W.C. Gutta-percha Substitutes.— Chemical substitutes for gutta-percha have recently been brought to notice in France and (Germany. A patent has been taken out quite lately in Paris which consists of boiling Birch bark, especially the outer layer, in water over an open fire and concentrating the extract by evaporation, after which there remains in the evaporation dish a black liquid mass, which on ex- posure to the air quickly becomes solid and very compact. This mass possesses all the properties of gutta-percha and may be applied to the same uses. It has further this advantage that it does not crack on exposure to the air, it is more solid, and its production is cheaper. It may also if desired be mixed with either gutta-percha, or iodiarubber. Another sub- stitute for gutta-percha for which a patent has been obtained in Germany consists of powdered opal, sublimed sulphur, oil of turpentine and petroleum. The mass is heated in a boiler provided witha stirring apparatus, to a temperature of 150° Centigrade. It is then allowed to cool to 38°, when it is mixed with a weak solution of eosine in ammonia-water, to which wood spirit has been added. It is then heated to its former temperature and boiled with a solution of nut- gall. It is stated that this artificial gutta-percha cannot be delected from the real article, and that it wears equally well, while its price is much lower. MoHWA Sugar, — A note on Mohwa sugar from Eassia latifolia was recently communicated to the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India. In this communication the writer refers to the presence of sugar in the petals of the flowers, and says that this "indicates that the rising sap of the tree in spring, and just before the flower-buds swell, must be rich in saccharine matter, and if so tapping the Mohwa trees in the same manner that the Sugar Maple (Acer saccharinum) of North America is tapped may lead to the production of sweet sap, which on being boiled and concentrated would yield sugar." It is suggested that it would be well worth while tapping or bleeding the species of Bassia for their sap, and if this should be found to contain true sugar, the dis- discovery would be one of considerable importance, for a large and very profitable trade would be called into existence in India. Lachenalia pendula.— If a selection of half-a-dozen of the best kinds of this numerously represented genus of Cape bulbs were made this one should, by all means, be included. The robust growing erect scape attains a height of 12 or 15 inches. The bright green leaves are quite spotless, as are the flower-scapes — a rather unusual feature amongst the species usually cultivated in gardens. The flowers are amongst the largest in the genus, and orange-red or scarlet, with thickened points of a dull purple and green colour. It is figured in the Botanical Cabinet t 267, and is perfectly distinct from L. quadricolor, figured in the Botanical Magazine^ t. 5S8, and by some authorities considered as a variety of L. pendula. The latter is flowering in the Cape-house at Kew. Poisoning by Rhododendrons.— A well authenticated case 01 the poisoning of ten sheep is reported from West Middlesex ; these, wiih some 200 others, having broken down a fence in Whitton Park, near Hounslow, and eaten freely of the Rhododendron foliage, which was abundant in the shrubberies. A local veterinary surgeon, who examined the dead sheep, found the stomachs full of partly digested Rho- dodendron leafage, and gave as his opinion that this was the cause of death. Certainly no information is afforded as to the kind of Rhododendron consumed, but probably it was the common ponticum. Further, though the sheep were reported as poisoned, it is not clearly stated whether death was, in the estimation of the veterinary surgeon who examined them, caused by distension of the stomach, arising from excessive feeding, or whether the leafage did absolutely and clearly poison the animals. No doubt there are many cases in which the one thing is mistaken for the other, though vastly differing in character, but that death was due to the eating of the Rhododendron foliage there could be little doubt. It may be taken for granted that a case of this kind would be much less likely to occur in the season of the year when pastur- age was abundant, and sheep, or, indeed, any cattle, found ample food in the herbage. But when hungry, animals will often feed upon vegetable matter that they would if well supplied with proper food di.sdain to touch. No doubt the clearing up of the point as to whether death arose from distension or poisoning would bring the owner of the sheep cold comfort, but at least it would be useful to have it so cleared in the interest of science. In any case, this should be a warning to all who have charge of sheep, that they January jr, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 151 keep them secure, well fed, and safe from similar temptation to wander from the path of safety. Columbia Market.— On SatuuUy last an important and interesting gathering took place at the Guildhall Tavern, to celebrate the anniversary of the reopening of Columbia Market. About sixty sales- men and gentlemen directly interested in the fruit, vegetable, and fish business carried on at this centre were present. After referring to the building of the market, the idea of which originated wiih the Baroness BURDETT-CoUTTS, Mr. BuRDExr-Cou ITS, who occu- pied the chair, went in detail into the causes of its previous failure, the chief of which was that it had never had the trade within it. And that was exactly where the event they now celebrated dilTered from those which had gone before, and the chief reason for confidence in the future. They, the sales- men, represented in their individual and corporate capacity the trade itself, bringing their own supplies and ihcir own customers ; they had moved voluntarily and in a body intu the market, and were throughout determined to make it go. — Mr. Wilder- spin, in proposing " The Columbia Market Sales- men's Association," said : — I would remind you that the necessity of associating together so as to act in a body was felt by the leaders of the salesmen to be of the utmost importance from our lust coming to the market. We, I believe, are the first body of salesmen \\ho have taken upon ourselves this plan of forming into one body instead of acting individually, and as we stand in this strong position to-day, I trust we shall continue so for many years to come. — Mr. Scott was able to say that in the first month, com- mencing on January 17 last year, the weight of busi- ness done in Columbia Market was 3520 tons, and in the last month— December — the weight was 4009 tons. This is an increase of only 500 tons in the month, and the reason is want of room ; he knew from his own knowledge that the market authorities were almost daily refusing applications for room in the market. Bat every market man knew that besides open space ample warehouse-room was required, and this is proved by the fact that most of the salesmen who had to .discontinue selling at the Bishopsgate depot have kept 00 their premises at considerable cost and inconvenience for warehouses, Market Garden Farming. — At the meeting of the salesmen of Columbia Market above alluded to^ Mr. George Brown said that it seemed as if every one except the farmer knew how to farm. One great panacea for the depression was to advocate a duty on corn, but he for one was not of that way of thinking. He did not believe in running after a shadow, and he felt certain that a duty of five shillings on Wheat would not of itself advance the price to the grower baU-a-crown. What would do more good would be for our legislators to repeal those bad old laws which had almost become obsolete, but which DOW appear to be restored and to be more arbitrary Ihan ever. In proof of this he pointed to the fact that all the vegetables required by a million of people had to be brought to one spot, and so have a toll put on them at the will of a privale individual, an obliga- tion under which East London can never be properly supplied with vegetable food. Whilst such a state of things existed it would be like putting a rent of five shillings per acre on all land that has any pretension to grow vegetables. Bad as that is, it is trifling in com- parison to the injury it will do to the consumer, for it is quite impossible to feed such a great number of people properly from one spot by small carts, from and to remote distances. The consequences is that the prices have to be put so high that the public does not get half enough. Only last year he had plough into the ground 40 acres of vegetables, which he should have brought to market if he could have realised nearly one farthing per pound, and at that very time the consumer was paying one penny per pound in London for precisely the same class of vegetables as he had to destroy. Much larger quantities of vege- tables would be consumed if they could be properly conveyed to the consumer in sufficient quantities at reasonable prices, and the best way to increase and distribute such food would be to introduce railway communication direct into a market. It is not gene- rally known that if green vegetables do not reach the consumer on the same day that they are brought to market, their value goes down from 50 to 100 per cent., so that in forty-eight hours they are worthless. It is monstrous that in this day our horses should be compelled to drag all vegetables six miles through London, and then other horses drag them back again, all in consequence of a foolish charter. Gardening Appointment. — Mr. G. H. Harding has been appointed Gardener to the Hon. W. Lowther, M.P., The High House, Campsea Ashe, Wickham Market. PROTl::CTIOX OK BKOS. TUE last two or three weeks of snow and frost and north-easterly winds have stopped all progress in the winter and spring garden, and many of the eaily plants are damaged by wind and frost. Juit before the frost set in many of the bulbs were showing above- ground, and such plants as Winter Aconites and Crocuses were even bhowing, their blooms, but now everything shows the effect of the late change of the weather, so that if not already done lose no time in giving protection by means of Fir branches, pieces of some other evergreen, or Bracken stuck in all ov°r the flower-beds. Leaf-mould may be spread evenly over the beds, for which this makes a good warm covering and looks neat and clean. All branches can be removed as soon as the weather changes to mild, so as to have all the beds and walks in a presentable state. The Herbaceous Border had better be left untouched until the weather be- comes warmer, when it will require a thorough look- ing over and rearranging. Vacant Beds and Shrubberies. Manure, dig, or trench all beds and borders that contain no pKants, the shrubberies also should under- go a thorough inspection, carefully thinning out all dead wood ; cut out and remove any shrubs that are standing too thickly together, and give all single -specimens plenty of room to grow in; and if not already done dig all shrubberies, and trim the grass edges, so as to improve the look of the verges. W. ^mylhe. Basing Parky Alton, jjlanta and \\\p^ |^ultuiie. FORCED PLANTS AND BULBS. These should now be rendering a good return for all the past attention paid to them, and both now and onwards for some weeks to come will yield the staple product for the supply of flowers for cut purposes, as well as being most useful in the conservatory. Suitable houses or pits are not often allotted to our craft as a rule for the production of these harbingers of the coming spring time ; it cannot be wondered at, therefore, if we fail to produce fiowers in such a successful manner as our brethren in the trade, who know full well the importance of special treatment for certain subjects, and who, therefore, place together in one structure only those plants that will give the maximum return under one mode of treatment. Those of us who have to deal with the smaller supply of a private garden do not need such large quantities at one time ; a succession according to the demand has rather to be aimed at ; and it is well known that a small number of any given plant often gives as much trouble as a greater number of the same would do. Suitable Plants for Present Forcing : Azaleas. Of these the early flowering Azalea indica are among the best. The easiest to induce to flower early are, of whiles, A. narcissieflora and A. indica alba ; of stripped kinds A. punclulata and A. viltata elegans, two of the quickest that can be grown ; whilst A. Marie Vervsene and the newer form of A. Roi Leopold (A. Roi Leopold alba of catalogues), are two varieties of much desirability ; of selfs for early work A. Roi Leopold (salmon) is one of the freest, A. Model (rose) also being a good reliable kind. Azalea amcena is well known as one of the best of its colour ; both this and the improved fcftms of it that have been introduced during the last few years readily start into flower early in the season. A. obtusa closely resembles A. amcena in habit, but with flowers of an orange-crimson— a pleasing and distinct shade of colour at this season of the year. Why this species has been so long neglected we cannot conceive ; it is of equal value to the latter variety, and where one is grown the other should also find a place. We are glad to see that its merits are now appreciated as they deserve to be. Azalea mollis may now be introduced, but not into too briik a heat at first. We have a stock of these plants that have been in pots for three or four years ; more or less they have flowered well each year, every alternate season, however, being the best as a rule. This season ihey have departed from this course, and are promising well the second season in succession ; so also is another .species of this type, A. allaclarcnse of catalogues. I think this may be fairly attributed to the unusually dry and sunny weather of last summer. This deciduous jectlon of Azaleas can, therefore, be retained in their pols from year to year with good prospects of a full crop of bloom at least every alternate season, in a similar way as with A. sinensis. J. Hudson, Gtmucrslniry House, Acion. |M |i»ldS Jv'it |)«i'^tltt' MORELLO CHERRIES. These vaiielics may be planted on east anJ north walls. The wood on established trees should be well thinned out, so as to allow space for laying-in a portion of young wood every year, as it is mostly on the current year's growth that the best fruits are pro- duced. To obtain fine fruit the shoots should never be closer than S or 9 inches apart. It is always more satisfactory to have fine large fruit than a quantity of inferior produce, and this can only be obtained by good cultivation. Apricots. Trees on walls may be pruned any time before the end of February. In old trees, if the fruit-bearing spurs have become long and Sor ginchesaway from the wall, these long spurs should be thinned out so as to encourage growing shoots to break away close to the wall. The Apricot being a native of the sunny slopes of the mountains of Central Asia and elsewhere, the soil, no doubt, in such positions is hard, dry, and warm ; this being the case we should by all means plant our trees in the warmest positions at command. The covering of wall trees should be deferred as late as possible. When covered early it only encourages them to come into flower, and our object should be to retard the blossoming period as late as we possibly can. J. Smith, Mentmore, Bucks. \m^m. FORCING CUCUMBERS. Plants obtained from the first sowing will now be ready for planting out. Before this is done the house should be thoroughly cleansed by washing all the woodwork and glass, and by applying a good caatihg of lime wash to the brickwork. Whether the plants are to be grown and fruited in pots or planted out in brick beds specially constructed and supplied with bottom-heat pipes, ample drainage must be provided. Toe bottom-heat pipes are much better if surrounded by water. Assuming that the above is provided the following preparation to receive the plants will answer well. Thick slates or some- thing equivalent will form the bottom of the bed, with holes pierced through or space left between fur the double purpose of allowing heat to ascend and water to pass down. Over the slates place a layer of clinkers, next a layer of good fibrous loam, from which as much of the soil should be shook out as possible without breaking the turves. If the latter is not available thin cakes of porous peat will answer the purpose. The layer of clinkers will allow a free circulation of warm air from the pip-js beneath. The hillocks to receive the plants should be composed of fibrous loam and leaf soil, and allowed to become thoroughly warmed prior to planting. Mushrooms. Have material prepared in readiness to replace ex- hausted beds. If a shed is available it will be found a 152 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 31, 18S5. considerable advantage for this purpose. Dung, for forming beds, should be collected every morning as it is removed from the stables. Do not follow the old plan of rejecting the whole of the short straw and using the droppings only ; the system is unsound and unnecessary, and if followed takes a long time in most places to collect enough material for each bed. One- third short stained straw at the least should be retained, as in the preparation this will quickly decompose and become scarcely perceptible, providing the heap is managed well and turned regularly and thoroughly mixed. Wheel the stuff direct to the shed, and after 6ve or six barrowloads have been placed together thickly, in three or four days fermentation will commence ; then the turning and,' purifying should begin : every fresh addition to the heap should be well mixed and distributed through the mass. Do not spread it out thinly, the quicker the dung is purified and placed in the Mushroom-house, with the least lost of ammonia, the more lasting will be the crop. After the bed is made up it should not become very hot, or the compost will be too dry to encourage the rapid spread of the spawn, and the Mushrooms will appear only immediately above the places where the spawn was inserted, instead of coming up all over the surface of the bed. TOMATOS. Before young plants approach a pot-bound state they should be repotted. Place a stake to each, and keep them near the glass, to induce a short, sturdy growth. Cuttings which were struck last autumn, or plants raised from seed sown about that time, will now possess some good firm wood, and should be encouraged by repotting, or they may now be planted out in the position in which they are to fruit. G. ff, Richards, Somerky Gardens, Ringwood, Hants. THE POPPY GALL-FLY. The remarkable diversity in the shape, size, and general appearance of the different kinds of galls, which are vegetable protuberances growing from the roots, stems, leaves, and even seed-vessels of various plants and trees, raises a great variety of physiological enquiries as to the mode of operation of the insects which are the cause of such abnormal growths, and the reason why the minute amount of matter deposited with the eggs should result in such great diversity of structure and texture in the growths originating therefrom even in the same kind of plant. It was the fancy of some writers that the portion of the plant in which the eggs were deposited, being interrupted in its normal growth, had sent out a structure which was regarded as an incipient attempt to reproduce the real growth of the plant ; thus the spine-growing stem of the wild Rose was supposed to reproduce an abortive mass of spines, beset with smaller spines, in the large mass well known as the pin-cushion gall. It need scarcely be said that such a fallacy is disproved by the investigation of almost every species of gall. The large, hard, woody gall of the Willow stem, the large, soft gall of the Oak, well CELINE FORESTIER ROSE. This is a most valuable Noisette Rose for early forcing. The half-opened blooms, of a deep yellow in the centre and deliciously scented, are well adapted for button-hole work. We have been cutting nice blooms of it since Christmas, which it is needless to say are much appreciated. Cuttings taken off now with a heel of last year's wood and inserted round the edge of 3-inch pots filled with sandy loam, and having a surfacing of sand, watered, and then plunged to the rim in sawdust in a box sufficiently deep to admit of a square of glass being placed over it with- out coming in contact with the cuttings and placed over the pipes in a forcing-house, will soon root ; after which they should be potted singly into 3-inch pots, watered through a rose to settle the soil about the roots, and be placed in a forcing pit near the glass, subsequently pinching out the points of the shoots to make them branch, and shifting the plants into 6-inch pots as soon as they have partly filled the 3-inch ones with roots. Afterwards they should be gradually hardened off and be plunged to the rim of the pots in coal-ashes in a sunny situation out-of- doors, and be liberally treated and kept very clear of fly and other insects. They will be good plants for forcing in November. H. IV. W. Rose Admiral Coureet. A new hybrid perpetual, «aid to be a chance seedling, raised by Mr. F. Dubreuil. Flowers of moderate size, cup-shaped, "bright carmine, the back of the petals magenta." Very iweet-scented. Rose Madame Paul Marmy. A seedling from Gloire de Dijon, with large well- formed flowers, clear yellow in the centre, the outer petals pale rose-coloured. According to the Journal des Roses, in which this Rose is figured (January i, 1885), M. Marmy, the raiser of this Rose, collected the seeds of Gloire de Dijon, Madame Berard, Madame Faicot, and other Roses in Algeria, stratified them in a large flower-pot which accompanied him on his travels through Algeria, thence to Paris, and ultimately, after a lapse of some months, to Portugal, where he settled down and planted out what re- mained of his seedling Roses. The beautiful variety now figured was one of them, and is now in the hands of M, Cochet, of Suisnes. Fig. 31.— the poppv gall-flv (aulax rhoiadis, hartig). known as King Charles' Oak-apple, the Currant-like galls and the Artichoke galls of the Oak are other well-known instances of the diversity which must have taken place in the parts of the same tree affected by different kinds of Cynipidae, and we now bring to the notice of our readers another kind of gall, in which the capsule containing the seeds of the common Poppy (ordinarily hollow, but divided by several slender plates into so many cells, in which the seeds are placed) is transformed into a solid mass, in which are a number of small round cavities, each occupied by a fat footless grub or larva, which feeds on the mass of the gall surrounding its cell. We received a specimen of this kind of Poppy-gall in February, 1836, from the late Dr. Dickson, at which time the enclosed insects were in the pupa state, and were of a brown colour. Other specimens subsequently obtained produced the perfect flies, which proved to be the Aulax Rhoeadis of Hartig {Germar's Zeitschr.^ bd. ii., p. 195). In July, 1884, we also received from G. H. Sawyer, Esq,, capsules of Papaver dubium, taken near Guildford, which con- tained numbers of small circular cells not more than half a line in diameter, each enclosing a minute white, soft, plump larva, with a very small head, furnished with two three-toothed mandibles. The perfect insect reared from these galls is represented of the natural size in the circle in the lower part of our woodcut (fig- 31)1 and highly) magniSed^ in the large figure; the wings are quite transparent, with a small cell in the middle of the forewings. This little cell is more triangular than represented in our figure, being nar- rowed towards the anterior marginof the wing, where it joins the large marginal cell ; it has chestnut- coloured feet ; the antennae of this female are long and slender, and fourteen-jointed. The ovipositor with which the female pierces the capsule to deposit her eggs therein is like a very fine needle, and is seen at the extremity of the body in our figure, in which we need scarcely say that the antennx, wings, and legs on only one side of the body are represented, to avoid confusion in the details. /. O. IV, FRUIT NOTES. Patching Vines. — Last year a few rather strong growing young Vines of Muscat of Alexandria, Lady Downe's, and Mrs. Pince not breaking so regularly as I could wish, some of my friends advised me to cut the young rods down to the regular break, and then take up fresh leaders. This advice I could not see the desirability of doing, seeing that the evil thus sought to be remedied was just as likely to repeat itself, and instead of following it the shoot imme- diately below the bare portion of each Vine was trained up the stem, and inarched thereon, having in each case the lower bud of the shoots so treated, and which will produce shoots this year, and fruit if necessary, as close to the base as possible. They were then bound together with matting, after which a little moss was tied round at the point of contact for the purpose of retaining the moisture which was applied three or four times a day with the syringe. In one or two cases the same lateral was used to supply two separate shoots at about 15 inches apart this year. As far as I know this mode of "stopping gaps " on Vines is as novel as it is efficacious, as I have never read nor heard of any one having practised it before. Hence my object in recording the modus operandi^ the results of which I hope to supply to the readers of the Gardeners^ Chronicle in due season. H. W, Ward, Longford Castle. Blenheim Orange is the Apple par excellence in this neighbourhood, and last season quite surpassed itself in the heavy crop produced, which always finds a ready sale at remu- nerative prices, which ranged from ^s, to \Q.s. per cwt. during the past season, commencing at the former, and ending with the later price, at Christmas. I gathered 25 cwt. from the only two trees of that variety in an orchard of 12 acres, which made me wish there had been more of the same kind. Now an orchard of Blenheims, the extent of the one mentioned, planted 30 feet apart each way, would give forty-eight trees to the acre ; and suppose they bear every other year (for I find it is a biennial as a rule) 2 cwt. each, worth Sr, per cwt. on an average, would give an annual value of £\<) ^s. per acre. After deducting cost of gathering and marketing, which I reckon to cost about \s. 6d. per cwt., a very good return is left. Blenheims do not bear young ; they are strong, vigorous growers, and there is plenty of other varie- ties that surpass it for early bearing, but it is a sort that makes a tree to last, and having a good reputation in the markets there is no difficulty in disposing of them, for dealers only know a few sorts of Apples, and Blenheims stand at the head of their list ; most other kinds are sold under the term of pot-fruit in this district at a much lower price. One of our largest nurserymen informed me the other day that there was such an extraordinary demand for Blenheim trees now that it could not be supplied. Planters for market do not plant a number of varieties now, but stick to what are in request— an example that all might follow who are not collectors or exhibitors. I find Blenheims vary a great deal from different situations in size and colour. They show it most at the time of gathering ; after storing for a time there is not so much difference in colour. Hycside. British Apples. Having read the report of the Apple Congress, and finding there were only two collections from Ire- land, and those not large, I will give a list of those kinds that were fruitful in the cold summers of 1S79, 1S80, lS8i, in the North of Ireland. Culinary kinds : — Ringer, Domino, Keswick Codlin, Lord Suflield, Hawthornden (old), Warner's King, Kymer, Cellni. January 31, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 153 Dessert kinds : — King of Pippins, Court of Wick, Yellow logestre, Mr. Gladstone, Duchess' Favourite, Blenheim Pippin. The above form part of a collec- tion of over 150 bush-trained trees from fifteen to twenty-eight years of age, and consist of upwards of forty kinds. Pomona. J40]V1E -f 0RRE3P0;^DEjyCE. Retarding Blossoms on Wall Trees. — Our gardening friends seem chiefly occupied with devising more or less expensive contrivances for warding olT the eft'ects of frost from Plums, Apricots, Peaches, and Pears. It seems to me that this protection of the bloom in these various ways will not be generally adopted because of its expense and the great labour required in fixing and removing it, and also because of its inefficiency at the critical time. As many think our winters tread more on the heels of summer than was their wont, which is by no means proved, why not in some manner retard the flowering of the trees to a more favourable period in the spring months ? No transparent substance as glass or oiled canvas is so good for screening trees from frost as opaque ones. This is one, and perhaps the sole cause of the loss of bloom under wide copings of these with only a moderate degree of frost. They do not arrest radiation of warmth from the border nor from the wall to the same degree as straw, wood, or slate. I found that no form of open protection was so good in retarding the growth of the buds, the fruit on it in a garden at " Burry Port," in South Wales. The garden belongs to Captain T. Edmunds, and I last month heard of a fine Laburnum tree, one half of which was then in full bloom on the lawn at Killymaen Llwyd, the residence of Marcus Bees, Esq., which is in the immediate vicinity of " Burry Port." Helen IFa^tny, Liss, Hants, Penzance Notes. — The weather here, with the exception of a few days, has been remarkably mild — a fact which, of cOtirse, has material influence upon vegetation. Fuchsias, Pelargoniums, and many other subjects in the open still exhibit traces of "departed glory." The handsome Passion-flower, Passiflora ccerulea, is practically a hardy evergreen on the walls of houses around this town ; its showy Orange-like fruit renders it singularly attractive, and the plant itself flourishes with remarkable vigour within a few feet of the sea. Market gardeners have already com- menced, to some extent, putting in Potalos ; in a few favoured localities I have noticed that the first leaves are already above the surface of the soil. The Cucumber-forcing industry of this district has made most rapid strides within the past three or four years, half a dozen men having no less than sixty-two houses in full swing ; of this number three or four structures are devoted to Vines and Peaches, Bcvis. A Patent Boiler. — This form of vessel, in which water may be heated, before flowing into the glass- houses (fig. 32), is noticed, not ^because it is "the most powerful and economical boiler ever invented," [-''''"^iiSiiia Fig. 32. — A PATENT BOILER. nearest approach to it being found in boards of 11 inches wide resting on iron supports, and having Frigi Domo covered frames, placed almost upright against the edge of the board. All such blinds are apt to get blown over or torn into shreds by the boisterous March winds, failing just when most wanted. The best methods of keeping the bloom in check were covering the trees with straw or bast mats at a short distance (6 inches) from the wall, the first being the better for the purpose, or by using the Frigi Domo frames at the same distance. These are better put on in the daytime and removed during the night until the trees come into flower, when the pro- cedure must be reversed. All this is very trouble- some, but it paid in returns of more than average crops. The gardener must begin in January or Fetiruary, the latter month in severe winters being usually early enough. The best of all retarding material is undoubtedly Spruce Fir branches put on the wall thinly, fastening with nails or tying them to the wires, if the wall is wired. It is sufiicient if the edges of the branches just,touch each other all over the surface of the trees — they will keep the wall cool during the sunny days of late winter, but as the sun gains power it will cause the ** needles " to fall off gradually and lessen in size individually, so that the branches will both hinder the too early opening of the bloom and well protect it when open. The spray must remain on the wall till.all danger from frost is over, by which time it will have lost all its foliage, so that the removal of it will cause no check to healthy growth, andanabundant crop of fruit will be found underneath. M. W. Unusual Blooming of Trees. — There is now, I am informed, an Apple tree with a large crop of but because we perceive an apparently useful devia- tion from the general saddle form in vogue. Of its power or economy we can say nothing ; still, its form, encased in corrugated iron, embodying the advantages of the tubular boilers without that multi- plicity of parts existing in them, should favour the rapid rise of the temperature of the contained water, and this latter, being of considerable bulk, should retain its heat for a comparatively long period of time, and so assist in keeping the circulation up after the fire has got low. The makers are Messrs. Wood & Milton. Eucharis amazonica. — Like your correspondent, A. Macdonald, I have not seen or heard anything to justify the belief in the so-called disease in this plant. The symptoms mentioned by numerous writers in your columns of late have been amply demonstrated in my own plants from time to time, but the evil has generally proved to be the same, viz., loss of roots, the soil having become like paste, which is not to be wondered at, however full of fibre the compost may be at the time of potting, and especially if kept, as many of your correspondents' plants are, in a strong heat and deluged with water from one year's end to the other. With us when a plant shows signs of exhaustion, as soon as it has done flowering I shake it out and wash the bulbs thoroughly, then with a good rough compost, similar to what " Young Gardener " men- tions at p. 24, I repot, having first sorted the bulbs in three sizes, and plunge in cocoa-nut fibre up to the rims ; bottom-heat is applied and they commence to grow at once. I may mention that some so treated just twelvemonths ago, and that had not a vestige of a leaf, are now in perfect health again. As soon as they have made a good leaf or two I gradually lift them from the plunge-bed which they only inhabit at such times as when not established, as I consider it has a tendency to destroy the fibre in the compost and turn it sour much sooner than when the pots are stood on the stage in the ordinary way. Thrips are great pests and will soon make headway if the atmosphere is allowed to become dry for any length of time ; un- remitting attention in the way of damping down and syringing will soon lessen their numbers, and be highly beneficial to the plants. Until by some means we introduced the mealy-bug three years ago, we had no difficulty whatever, but the constant cleaning and dressing has sadly disfigured our best plants which were then 5 feet across, but although disfigured they are none the less healthy, and now that the bug is stamped out we hope to have our turn again. J. Prnvctt, Swiss Nursery, Hainnursinith, VV. Gas Lime. — Your correspondent, Mr. Divers, must not think this the destructive agent to vegeta- tion he makes out if applied to the land with judgment for the destruction of slugs : I have never used it, and do not intend to ; but for preventing the attacks of wireworm on Carrots and Parsley, it has been used here successfully for years — indeed we should not think of sowing these crops without the appli- cation of gas-lime first. For Carrots we manage to dig in about a quantity equal to half an inch in depth some time before Christmas — that is for the main crop ; but for late Carrots, and also for Parsley, we have often dug in gas-lime, and sown directly upon it, and I have never yet witnessed the ill-effects ; on the contrary, whereas these crops used to melt away like butter before the sun, now they come to perfection. Beyond this I do not intend to preach, but as recommended for the destruction of weeds on walks by " T. B.," p. 26 (I wonder if he practises what he preaches ?), I should say it would be a disagreeable nuisance, worse than the weeds, and which no rational man would attempt. Fancy a good shower of rain on a coating of gas-lime. What a delightful mixture for carriages, boots, &c. J. Corbett. Lapageria rosea : Hardiness of the White Variety.— At p. 54 the Rev. J. T. Boscawen makes the remarkable observation that the white variety of this plant is, " if anything, hardier than rosea." Readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle will remember that Mr. Darwin has pointed out that a number of white varieties of plants are decidedly less hardy than the coloured ones, but the fact seems to be that no generalisation of this sort will hold good, as numerous instances are known (in addition to one adduced by Mr. Boscawen), where a white variety is equally hardy with, if not hardier than, the coloured form. W. G. S. A Large Cupressus macrocarpa.— On Dec. 20 a Cupressus macrocarpa was blown down by a north-westerly gale. It was set up on the 22d and stayed with four pieces of fencing wire secured to poses driven nearly 3 feet into the ground. On Jan. 15 it was blown down by an easterly wind, which drew the posts out of the ground. The tree was planted early in Iii67 when 3 feet high, and measures — height, 40 feet ; circumference at 3 feet from ground, 40 inches, at 5 feet 36 inches. Soil light, rest- ing on dum stone. The roots are very brittle. H. R. R. N. Anthurium Andreanum. — A very fine variety of the above is in flower in the gardens of J. S. Hodgson, Esq., Lythe Hill, Haslemere. The flower- spathes are about 8 inches long and 6 wide ; the foliage is both healthy and strong, which is one thing essential for producing large flowers. The plant in question is potted in a mixture of rough fibrous peat, sphagnum moss, crocks, and charcoal. The top is surfaced with live sphagnum moss, which the roots delight to run in, and which gives the plant a neat and finished appearance. A Visitor. Californian Onion Seed.— California has for some years past been considered au important State for the growth of Onion seed to supply the principal American markets, and it bids fair to come into com- petition in providing also for the markets of the Old World. In October last we had three samples of Californian-grown Onion seed handed to us by the London agent of a seed firm doing a large business at Santa Clara. We carefully tested the growth of this seed, and we found, although it was 1883 seed, 154 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 31, 1S85 that it germinated very strongly, producing a high percentage of plants, and everything on this score was perfectly satisfactory. But we were not satisfied with this, and asked to have some bulbs sent over, in order to judge of the different stocks. In due course these arrived, and we were highly pleased with them, the size, shape, and colour being all that a gardener or seedsman need wish. One sample of Danver's large flat yellow Onion seems the most suitable for our markets, and is a really first-rate Onion — large size, good substance, and an excellent keeper, superior to and quite distinct from the Danver's Early Yellow of France and Germany. The other sorts were red varieties, one a large flat, and the other a globular-shaped Onion, and very excellent stocks they appear to be. We propose growing a good breadth of the large Danver's Yellow in our own market gardens, and shall certainly not fail to bring this variety before the notice of our friends, and in due course we shall have pleasure, if you think well, in giving you the results of our crops [Please do so]. As we venture to think this may be of some interest to many of your readers we are sending you some speci- men bulbs for your inspection, and we should be glad to have your opinion respecting them. W. W. J . ;«£v/.— Rev. M. J. Berkeley, F.R.S., Sibber- toft, Market Harborough ; Dr. Michael Foster. F. R.S., Shellord, Cambridge ; Grote, Arthur, F.L.S., 42, Ovington Square, S.W. iV(7V/j/x— Rev. G. Henslow, F.L.S., F.G.S., Drayton House, Ealing. Baker, J. G., F.R.S., Royal Herbarium, Kew. Balfour, Professor I. Bayley, O.-iford. Beddome, Colonel, Sispara, West Iliil, Putney, S.W. Bennett. Alfred W., M.A., B.Sc, F.L.S., 6, Park Vil- lage East, Regent's Park. Boulger, G. S., 9, Norfolk Terrace, Bayswater, W. Burbidge, F. W., Trinity College Gardens, Dublin. Church, A. H., F.C.S., Royston House, Kew. Clarke, Colonel R. Trevor, Welton Place, Daventry. Glaisher, James, F. R.S., Dartmouth Place, Blackhcath. Houston, D., F.L.S., 179, Mayall Road, Heme Hill, S.E. Loder, Edmund Giles, Floore, Weedon, Northampton- shire. Lowe, Dr. \W H,, Woodcote, Inner Park Road, Wim- bledon. Llewelyn, J. T. D., F.L.S., Penllergare, Swansea. Lynch, R. Irwin, A.L.S., Botanic Gtirdens, Cambridge. Masters, Maxwell T., M.D., F.R.S., Mount Avenue, Ealing. W. McLacfalan, R., F.R.S., Limes Grove, Lewisham. Michael, Albert D., Cadogan Mansions, Sloane Square, S.W. Moore, Thos., F.L.S,, Botanic Gardens, Chelsea, S.W. Murray, G., F.L..S., Natural History Museum, South Kensington, S.W, Pascoe, F. P.. F.L.S., i, Burlington Road, Westbourne Park, W. Plowright, C, F.L.S., 7, King Street, King's Lynn. Ridley, Henry N., F.L.S., B.A., Natural History Museum, South Kensington, S.W, Smee, A. H., The Grange, WalUngton, Surrey. Smith. Worihington G,, F.L.S. , 3S, Kyverdale Road, Stoke Newington, N. Wilson, A. Stephen, North Kimraundy, Summerhill, Aberdeen. FLORAL COMiMITTEE. Chairman.— Q&o, F. Wilson, F.R.S., Heatherbank, Weybridge Heath. Vice-Ckainnen.—':sl&\^Q\\ T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S., Mount Avenue, Ealing, W. ; John Eraser, Lea Bridge Road Nursery, Leyton ; Shirley Hibberd, I, Priory Road, The Green, Kew. Secretary. — Archibald F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick, W. Haines, Thomas, Fern Cottage, Palmer's Green, N. Ballantine, H., The Dell Gardens, Egham. Bealby, William, The Laurels, Roehampton Park, Putney Heath, S.W. Bennett, H., Shepperton, \\'alton-on-Thames. Cannell, Henry, Swanley. Child, jas., The Garden, Garbrand Hall, Ewell. Dominy, John, 11, Tadema Road, Chelsea, S.W. Douglas, }., The Gardens, Great Gearies, Ilford, E. Dufheld, G., The Gardens, Bamford Lodge, Wincbmore Hill. W. Herbst, H., Kew Nursery, Richmond. Surrey. Hill, E., The Gardens, Tring Park, Tring. Hudson, James, The Gardens, Gunnersbury House, Acton. James, J., Woodside, Famham Royal, Slough. Kellock. W. B., F.L.S., Stamford Hill, N. Kinghorn, F. R.. Sheen Nursery. Richmond, Surrey. Laing, John, Stanstead Park, Forest Hill, S.E. Llewelyn, J. T. D., F.L.S., Penllergare, Swansea. Noble. C, Sunningdale Nursery. Bagshot. O'Brien, James, West Street, Harrow-on-the-Hill. Perry, Amos Isaac, Stamford Road, Page Green, Tot- tenham. Pollett, H, M., Fann Street, Aldersgate Street, E.C Smith, J., Tlie Gardens, Mentniore, Leighton Buzzard, Turner, Harry, Royal Nursery. Slough. Walker, |., \Vhitton. Middlesex. Wilks, Rev. W., Shirley Vicarage, near Croydon. Williams, Henry, Victoria Nursery, Upper HoUoway. FRUIT CUMMITTEE. Chairman. — F. Du Cane Godm.in, F.R.S., 10, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W. Vicc-Chairmen. — H. |. Veilch, F.L.S., Royal E.\otic Nursery, Chelsea, W. ; John E. Lane, Berkham- stead ; Hlackmore, R. D.. Teddington. Secretary. — Archibald F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick, W. Bunyard, George, The Old Nurseries, Maidstone, Burnett, J., Ttie Gardens, Deepdene. Dorking. Denning, W., The Gardens. Londesborough Lodge, Xorbiton, Surrey. Ellam. Joseph, The Gardens, Cliveden, Maidenhead. Ford, Sidney, The Gardens, Leonardslee, Horsham. Goldsmith, O., The Gardens, HoUanden. Tunbridge, Haywood, T. B., Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate. Hogg, Robert, LL.D., F.L.S., 99. St. George's Road, S.W. Howcroft, Anthony, 14, Tavistock Row, W.C. Lee, John, 7S, Warwick Gardens, W. Lyon, S., The Gardens, Sundridge Park. Bromley. Mason, Major F., The Firs, Warwick. Miles, George T., The Gardens, Wycombe Abbey, High Wycombe. Paul. George, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, Herts. Paul, William. Waltham Cross, N. Rivers. T. F. , Sawbridgeworth. Roberts, J., The Gardens, Gunnersbury Park, Acton. Ross, Charles, The Gardens, Welford Park, Newbury. Rutland, F., The Gardens, Goodwood, Chichester. Sheppard, J., The Gardens, Woolverstone Park, wich, Silverlock, Charles, 412, Strand, W.C. Sutton, Arthur W., Reading. Webb, Henry, Redstone Manor House, Redhill. Weir, Harrison, Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Willard, Jesse. Holly Lodge Gardens, Highgate, N. Woodbridge, John, The Gardens, Syon House, Brent- ford, W. Ips- STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON, For the Week Ending Wednesday January i8, i88s. Hygrome- trical De- > Barometer, Temperature of THE Air. from Glaisher's Tables 6th Edition. Wind. J 0 < 3 H 0 Mean Reading Reduced to 32' Fahr. Departure from Average of 18 years. K 1 si? a| Dew Point. Degree of Humidity. Sal. = loo. ti z < Jan. In. 1 In. j 0 , . j . . . j. 1 In. 32 39.861+011135.033.512.530.3 — 1-'^-'i 9S E. 0.00 23 29.91 +0.1635.5 27.SJ a.o3i.c — fisso-ai 56 E. 0.00 24 29.97 +0.32 37-0 27-5| 9-5.3= 2 - S-5:»9-8| 90 K 0.00 23 29.95 +0.2040023.914.132.9 — 4-929.6: 85| E^'s.E. "■'» z6 2984 +ao943.o 27.0,16.036.7 — >.»,3S 7j 56 E.S.E. 0.04 27 29.68 —0.0949.0 38 s io.5j44-3 + 6 2 4i-5| 90 { E.SE. :i W.S.W.""' 28 29.61 —0.16 49.o'3S.o 14 043.6 + 5-4 41. z 51 { S S.W. ° ""> Mean 29.83 +0.07 41.229.1 12.135.9 — 1.9 33-9 9^ E. oo6 Jan. 22 — Dull day and night. — 23.— Dense fog from early morning tillijor.M. niKht. — 24. — Very cold morning ; dull day and night. — 35. — Very fine bright day ; fine clear night. — 26. — Dull day and night. — 27. — Dull day. Fine and clear at night. — 28.— Dull day and night. London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week ending January 24, the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea increased from 30.11 inches at the beginning of the week to 30.25 inches by 9 A.M. on the igih, decreased to 30.06 inches by 3 p.m. on the 20th, increased to 30. oS inches by midnight on the same day, decreased to 29.97 inches by 3 p.m. on the 2ist, increased to 30.02 inches by 9 a.m., decreased lo 30 inches by 3 p.m. on the 22d, in- creased to 30.10 inches by 9 A.M. on the 23d, decreased to 30.06 inches by 3 p.m. on the 23d, and was 30.17 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading of the barometer for the week was 30. 10 inches, being 0.34 inch higher than last week, and o.iS inch above the average of the week. Tempcraiure. — The highest temperature in the shade in the week was 38°, on the 19th ; the highest on the 2ist was 31". 5 The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 35". 6. The lowest temperature was 22". 5, on the 22d ; on the iSth the lowest temperature was 34°. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 2S^ The greatest range of temperature in one day was 12". 5, on the 22d ; the smallest was 3", on the iSlh. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 7*. 6. The mean temperatures were— on January iS, 35°. 4 ; on the 19th, 34°. 9 ; on the 20th, 31".! ; on the 21st, 27^9 ; on the 22d, 30'. 3 ; on the 23d, 31°; on the 24th, 32^.2 ; and these were all below their averages by i*.5, 2°.i, 6^2, 9^4, 7°.i, 6°.5 and 5^.5 respec- tively. The mean temperature of the week was 31°. S, being 3° lower than last week, and 5°.5 below the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 64°, on the 2ist. The mean of the seven readings was 5o''.6. The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer with its bulb placed on grass was 15°, on the 22d. The mean of the seven readings was 2I^6. Rain. — No rain fell during the week. England : Tl-w/tva/^rt'.— During the week end- ing January 24 the highest temperatures were 48°, at Truro, 46'. S at Plymouth, 41' at Bristol. Leeds, and Sunderland ; the highest at Wolverhampton was 35 .8, at Nottingham 37^.5, at Cambridge 37\8. The general mean was 40°.!. The lowest temperatures were 50^, at Cambridge, 21' at Sheffield, '^I^2 at Wolverhampton ; the lowest at Plymouth, 32°.S, at Sunderland 27', at Liverpool 26^.6. The general mean was 24°. 2. The greatest ranges were 24°, at Truro, iS' at Sheffield, 17'. S at Cambridge ; the smallest ranges were 11^.9, at Nottingham, I2°.i at Liverpool, I3°.6 at Bradford. The general mean was 15". 9. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Truro, 44°, at Plymouth 41°. 9, at Sunder- land 38^; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 33 .5t at Liverpool 34'. S, at Nottingham 34". 9. The general mean was 36°.9. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 36", at Plymouth ; at Truro 35^.6, at Sunderland 3i'*.7 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 27^3, at Blackheath 28°, at Bolton 28^6. The general mean was 30°. 5. The mean daily range was greatest at Truro, S°.4, at Blackheath 7°.6, at Hull 7^5 ; and was least at Liverpool, 4''.4, at Nottingham 4'',7, at Brighton 5°. i. The general mean was 6". 4. The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 39*.6, at Plymouth 38^.8, at Sunderland 34°. 7 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 30". 2 ; at Blackheath and Sheffield 31", 8. The general mean was 33". 4. Rain. — The largest falls were 0.25 inch at Truro, 0.17 inch at Plymouth, 0.15 inch at Bradford; the smallest fall was 0.02 inch at Nottingham and Bolton. No rain fell at Brighton, Blackheath, Cam- bridge, Hull, or Sunderland. The general mean was 0.07 inch. Scotland : Temperature, — During the week end- ing January 24, the highest temperature was 42°.3, at Aberdeen; at Dundee, Greenock and Paisley the highest was 40°.2. The general mean was 40*. 7. The lowest temperature in the week was 2°2, at Glasgow and Edinburgh ; at Dundee the lowest temperature was 26^8. The general mean was 24'. The mean temperature was highest at Aberdeen, 37°. I ; and lowest at Glasgow, 32°.4. The general mean was 34**, Rain. — The largest fall was 0.07 inch, at Aber- deen ; the smallest fall was o°.oi inch, at LeiLh. The general mean was 0.02 inch. No rain fell at Glas- gow, Dundee, or Greenock. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. Summary of Temperature, Rainfall, and Duration of Bright Sunshine ir the United Kingdom, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, for the week ending Monday, January 26, 1SS5 ; issued by the Meteorological Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :— The laealher has been less cloudy than of late in the south-east of England, but dull or gloomy elsewhere, with showers of rain over Ireland and the extreme south-west of England. 156 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [January 31, 1885. By the end of the period the unsettled, rainy condi- tion had extended to the entire kingdom. Much fog or haze was experienced during the earlier part of the period at some of the English stations. The Icmpcrature has been 2" above the mean in "Ireland, S.,"and about equal to its normal value in "Scotland, N.,"but below in all other districts, the deficit ranging from I' in "Ireland, N.," to between 4° and 6" over nearly the whole of England and in the east of Scotland. The daily maxima were generally low over the greater part of England and Scotland, but towards the end of the week they became higher, till by the 26th the ther- mometer had risen to between 42' and 51", while in the "Channel Islands" and "Ireland, S.," readings of 53° and 54" respectively were recorded. The minima, which were registered on different days in the various localities, ranged from 22° to 28° in the "grazing districts" to 20° in the "Midland Counties," 19° in " England, E.," and 11° in " Scot- land, E." (at Nairn). The raitijall has been less than the mean in all districts, especially in the south of England. At some of the south-eastern stations, in addition to the rain, there was a succession of heavy dews which caused sufficient water in the gauge for measurement. Bright sunshine shows a decided increase in the east and south-east of England ; but elsewhere very little has been recorded. The percentages of the possible duration varied from 2 in " Scotland, E.," and " England, S.W.," and between 4 and 9 in most other districts to 31 in "England, E." Depressions observed.— 'Ho depressions appeared in our immediate neighbourhood until the period drew towards its close, when the high-pressure area recently established over Scandinavia moved slowly south- wards, and depressions began to skirt our extreme western coasts. Moderate to light breezes between south-east and south prevailed during the greater part of the week, but in the West they at times blew freshly or strong, and at some of the more exposed spots attained the force of a moderate or fresh gale. DR. GWYN JEFFREYS. Dr. John Gwyn Jeffreys, the well-known con- chologist, died suddenly on Friday last. Dr. Jeffreys was born at Swansea, in 1809. His tastes were rather scientific than legal, though he practised at one time as a solicitor. In 1869, 1870, 1871, and 1875, he either conducted or took part in exploring voyages in the North Atlantic and on the north-eastern coast of the United States. In 1880 he joined the French Sounding and Dredging Expedition in the Bay of Biscay, He is probably best known by his principal work, British Conchology, in five volumes. Dr. Jeffreys was an occasional correspondent of this journal, and a referee on matters relating to con- ch ology. Mr. James Hardie. We regret to announce the death of Mr, James Hardie, of the firm of Messrs. Laird & Sinclair, nurserymen and seedsmen, Dundee, which took place suddenly at his residence on the 23d inst. Answers to Correspondents. Books: T. M. Half-a-crown.— I^. J .M. We have no copy of the work you name that can be spared.— T. W. We do not know what you signed. If you committed yourself to take the whole book, we fear you have no remedy. Such books are usually inferior compilations, and persons should be more circum- spect, and not commit themselves to take what they do not want. Camellia Leaves \ R. V. ^ Sons. Apparently eaten in places by a weevil, of which there are many species. Let the depredator be caught, and then identify him. Custard Apple ; //. M. Anona reticulata ; native of the West Indies, but cultivated in the East Indies ; trees or shrubs. Its yellowish pulp is not so much relished as that of other kinds of Anona. There is no record of its having been fruited in this country. Gumming Camellias : Amateur. As you do not describe the appearance of the affection, which may be a black mould (Deraatiei), or some other parasitic fungus, please send a few affected shoots. Habitat of Populus tremula : F. C. D. Middle of Asia ; Europe ; the North American variety, P, graeca, from Carolina — Canada. Latin Without a Master : Enquirer. Get Initia Latina, by Dr. Smith. Yes, you will find the lan- guage of much use to you as a gardener. Marguerites : Mrs. F. H. Allen. You should be able to get the seeds you name from Messrs. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent. Names of Fruit : D. K. Apples, not known. Names of Plants : W. F. Arbor-vit^ (Thuia Elwan- geriana). — H, James, Lower Norwood. Pothos cannce- folia. — O. O. A species of Eupatoriura. From what country does it come ? Peach Buds Falling Off : Constant Reader. The shoots are not well developed ; we suspect it is not want of water at the root. Examine closer, and send then further particulars if you think it necessary. PusLEY : B. The "fat ground- clinging spreading greasy thing, and the most propagatious, " is our Purslane, used as a salad on the Continent, and which has spread as a weed over most warm countries. The brilliant Portulaccas of our gardens are its brethren. Rating Greenhouses in Trade Gardens ; D. W. Yes, they are rateable. Fruit. — Average Wholbsalb Prices. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Austin & M'Aslan, 16, Buchanan Street, Glasgow — Garden Seeds, Gladioli, &c. Smith & Son, Aberdeen — Seeds, Plants, &c, W. Samson & Co., and W. & T. Samson, Kilmarnock —Vegetable, Flower, Agricultural Seeds, Gladioli, Forest Trees, &c. Hooper & Co., Covent Garden — Flower and Vege- table Seeds. Ben. Reid & Co., Aberdeen — Vegetable and Flower Seeds, &c. J. Slaymaker, Covent Garden Market, W.C— Choice Garden Seeds. T. Cross, Bury St. Edmunds — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Jones & Roberts, Oswestry — Vegetable and Farm Seeds. M. CuTHBEKTSON, Rothcsay, N.B. — Garden and Flower Seeds. Thomas Horsman, Bradford — Garden and Flower Seeds. COMPAGNIE CONTINENTALE d'HORTICULTURE, Ghent — Seeds. Communications Received.— J. T. Riches.— A van Geert (shortly).— W. T. (next week).— T. L.— E. H.— H., SolomoD Isles.— H. B. G.— Baron v. Mueller, Melbourne.— J. W.— C. K.-Messrs. Sutton.— M. J. B.— G. H — T. W.— T. W. & M.-W. J. M.— Ed. Beckett.— J. Unthank.— H. E.— J. W. Mackey.— T. O. B.— A. D. Webster.— A. W.-R. D. — E. Bonavia.— A Waterman.— J. S.— H. W. Ward.— G. McK., Eriska. '* He tfiat gztestiotieth much sfialllearn much." — Bacon. Introducers of Plants : Can any of our readers say who were the introducers of Clerodendron illustre and Aphelandra Margaritse ? Plants Adapted for Living-rooms. — Will any of our correspondents give " W. M. S," their experience with regard to the foUowing plants being well adapted or otherwise for standing in living-rooms from October to April? — Palms in variety, requiring but small pot-room, Anthurium, Pothos, green-leaved Dracssnas, Ferns, Cissus, Ivy, Philodendrons, Hoya, Coffea arabica, Curculigo, Arundo Dona.\, and Bambusa. The Hght is fairly good, aspect south and south-west, gas being used in some rooms and not in others ; the air-warmth ranging from 65° in the day to 50° by night. The proprietor an amateur, who does not entrust the watering of his plants to " Jeames." DIED, on January 23, aged sixty-three years, Mr. John Stevenson, The Nurseries, Timperley. COVENT GARDEN, January 29. Tfl,. Grapes have well maintained the rise of last week, samples generally being good and well kept. Good samples of Apples also are meeting better prices, but business generally is still quiet. James Webber, Whole- sale Apple Market. Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. s. d. s. d. I s. d. s. d. Artichokes, Globe, Lettuces, Cab., doz. i 6- .. per doz 4 o- 6 o ' Mint, green, bunch,„ 16-.. A^pa^aRus, English, I Mushrooms, p. baskt. i o- a o per bundle .,12 Q-14 o Onions, per bushel. . 4 o- .. — French, bundle 20 0-30 o — Spring, per bun. 06-.. " Parsley, per bunch.. 04-.. Peas, per lb. ..10-.. Potatos, new, per lb. 06-.. Radishes, per doz. .. i o- .. Rhubarb, bundle .. 06- ,, Salsify, per bund. .. 10-.. Seakale, per punnet z o- 2 6 Small satading, per punnet . . ..04-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-.. Tomatos, per lb. ..10-16 Turnips, bun. . . 05- . . Beans, Eng., per 100 3 o- Bect, per doz. .. x o- .. Cabbages, per dot . . 1 6- a 0 Carrots, per bun. .. o 6- « Cauliflowers, Eng- lish, dozen,. .• a o- 4 o Celeriac, per root .. 04- .. Celery, per bundle., i 6- a 6 Cucumbers, each . . 10-26 Endive, Eng., dozen 10-.. Garlic, per lb. „ o 6- ., Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04 Horse Radish, bun. 30-40 Potatos.— Magnum Bonums, 40^.10701.; Regents, 70J. togoj. Champions, 45J. to 60J. per ton. Markets have a down- ward tendency. s.d. t.d. Apples, 34-sieve .. 16-40 — Nova Scotia and Canadian, barrel 12 0-21 o Cobs, per 100 lb. .. 60 o- ., Grapes, per lb. .. 20-50 s.d. i.d. Lemons, per case ..12 0-18 o Pine-apples. Eng., lb. 10-20 — St. Michael, each 5 o-io o . Pears, French, doz. 30-90 Cut Flowers.- I. AbutUon, 12 bunches 2 Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 6 Azalea, 12 sprays .. i Bouvardias, per bun. i Cameltias, per doz . . 3 Carnations, 12 blms. i Chrysanth., large, 12 blooms .. ..2 Cinerarias, per bun. i Cyclamen, 12 blooms o Epiphyllum, 12 blms. o Eucharis, per doz. . . 4 Euphorbia jacquini- flora, 12 sprays .. 3 Gardenias, 12 blms.. 18 Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays . . .. i Lapageria, white, 12 blooms .. ..2 — red, 12 blooms . . „ I LiIy-of-VaI.,i2sprays i ■Average Wholesale Prices. d. s. d. Marguerites, 12 bun. 6 Mignonette, 12 bun. 6 Narcissus, Paper- white, 12 sprays . . 2 — French, 12 bun. 6 Pelargoniums, per 12 sprays .. •■ i — scarlet, 12 sprays i Poinseitia, 12 blooms 3 Primula, double, bun. i — sinensis, 12 bun. 4 Roses (indoor), doz. 2 — French, per doz. i Stokesia, 12 blooms i Tropseolum, 12 bun. 2 Tuberoses, per doz.. 2 Tulips, 12 blooms .. i Violets, 12 bun. . . 1 — French, bunch.. 2 — Parme, French, per bunch . . . . 7 Wallflower, 12 bun.. 4 White Jasmine, bun. o 0-40 0-90 0-16 0-30 3-09 4-06 0-60 0-60 0-16 0-30 d. s. d. o- 9 o 0-90 6-30 0-12 o 0-16 0-90 0-16 0-60 0-60 0-30 o- . . 0-40 0-40 0-16 6-20 6-30 0-90 0-60 6-10 Plants in Pots— Average Wholbsalb Prices. s. d. s. d. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o Arbor-vitae (golden), per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o — (common), dozen 6 0-12 o Arum Lilies, dozen 9 0-15 o Azaleas, per dozen.. 18 0-42 o Begonias, per doz. ,. 6 0-12 o Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o Cinerarias, per doz. . 9 0-12 0 Cyclamens, per doz. 9 0-24 o Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o Dracaena terminalis. per dozen .. ..30 0-60 0 — viridis, per doz. . 12 0-24 o Epiphyllum, doz. ..18 0-34 o Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o Euonymus, various, per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o Evergreens, in var., per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o Ferns, in variety, per dozen .. ..4 o-z8 o s. d. J. d. Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ..2 o-io o Genista, 12 pots ..12 o-iS o Heaths, var,, 12 potsi2 0-30 o Hyacinths, per doz. 8 o-io o — Roman, per pot 10-13 Lily-of- Valley i2potsi8 0-36 o Marguerite Daisy, per dozen .. ..8 0-15 o Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Narcissus, 12 pots ..12 o-iS o Palms in variety, each .. ..2 6-21 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen .. 40-60 Poin^ettia, per doz. 9 0-15 o Primula sinensis, per dozen . . ..40-60 Sotanums, dozen .. 9 0-12 o Tulips, dozen pots .. 8 o-io o SEEDS. London : Jan. 28. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., report that there is no change of any importance to be noted in connection with iarm seeds. The demand keeps steady, but no great activity is looked for until next month. Of English red Clover there is still an abundant supply ; choice samples, however, are becoming scarcer. Trefoil, being unprecedentedly cheap, is attracting attention. White Clover and Alsike are without change in value. Italian and perennial Rye-grasses continue to sell at the extremely low prices now ruling. There is a very drag- ging sale for bird seeds, CORN. At Mark Lane on Monday English Wheats were re- ported down a full shilling per quarter on the week. Foreign Wheals were also noted is. lower, with limited sale at the decline. Flour was 6d. lower than on Monday se'nnight. Barley showed a steady value for both malting and grinding parcels, with not more than a moderate business in either. Beans and Peas quiet and unchanged. Maize was rather steadier, but flat corn easier on the week. The trade in Oats was slow, at the prices of the previous Monday. — On Wed- nesday the extremely meagre business concluded in Wheat was at a ^further slight reduction irom Monday's reduced rates. Flour remained inactive. Barley was quiet on the spot, and the turn easier floating. Beans and Peas on retail sales were without quotable change. Maize was dull. Oats were unchanged. — Average prices of corn for the week ending Jan. 24 : — Wheat, 34J. iid.\ Barley, 32J. 5*/. ; Oats, 20J. ^d. For the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 38^.; Barley, 32J. %d.; Oats, 195. s^l. POTATOS. The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state that there were good supplies, but a dull trade. Quota- tions ;— Scotch Regents, 8oj. to 100s. ; Kent ditto, 70J. to Zos. ; Champions. 50*. to dos. ; Magnum Bonums, bos. to 80J. ; and Victorias, yos. to 90J. per ton. — The only imports into London last week were 2 bags from Harlingen. COALS. The following arc the prices current at market during the week : — Ravensworth West Hartley, 14J. grf. ; Broomhill West Hartley, 14J. 6d. ; East Wy lam, i^s.6d.\ Walls End— Tyne (unscreened), lis. 3 3D 2 r O ^ ° First-class Certificate Koyal Horticultural Society, 1884. PARAGON shows in many respects a great improvement upon any variety at present in the trade. It is a Blue Wrinlcled Marrow of fine flavour ; licight from 3 to 4 feet. The pods are produced two and three together in such abundance as to almost conceal the foliage. They are of an unusual size, broad and thick backed, containing from twelve to fourteen immense Peas packed in a double row as shown in the illustration. Paragon is the earliest of the large Wrinkled Marrows, being ready before Prizetaker. It is very hardy, and will stand earlier sowing than any Pea of its class. It is most valuable lor succession crops as it is not liable to mildew, and a constant supply of Peas for four months caa be obtained from this one variety. TRADE PRICE PER BUSHEL ON APPLICATION. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED MERCHANTS, SLEAFORD. STEVEN BROS. & CO., 35 and 36, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. Manufachirers of Wrought and Cast Plain SADDLE BOILERS. Terminal-end Saddles. GOLD MEDAL BOILERS. Independent Conical Boilers. ARGOSY BOILERS, &c. Hot-water Pipes and Connections. Patent Hot-water PIPES and CONNECTIONS. Patent Expansion Joints. THE "MILTON" VALVES, &c. NOTE. — Steven Bros, have the largest and best stock of Hot-water Appliances in London. S. OWENS & CO., HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS, WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.G. THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM. This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c. DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power. PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or Steam Power. [Gardens, &c. No. 46a. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering No. 49a. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use. No. 50 and 54a. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description. No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction. No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs. No. 543. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the Right Hon. the Earl of Essex. No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS ol all sizes. No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS. No. 39*. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for CoiUng up Long Lengths of Hose for Garden use. S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hydraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES, WATER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS, BATHS, DRYING CLOSETS. GASWORKS, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution. FIRE MAINS, HYDRANTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Estimates furnished. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION. 158 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 31, 18 Lalng's Begonia Seed. JOHN LAING & CO. GOLD MEDAL STRAIN from our Prize Plants. New crop now harvested. Sealed packets. CHOICE MIXFp, from sinyle varieties, i/- and 2/6 per packe'|^,5/- extra Urge packets ; double varieties, 2/6 and 5/- per packet ^^ COLLECTIOlxS, ra named varieties, separate, 7/6 „ 6 named varieties, separate, 4/- Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. SEEDS, VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM, Carefully Selected, AND FROM WHICH MAY BE EXPECTED THE BEST RESULTS EVER YET ATTAINED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS and NURSERYMEN, WORCESTE R. Martin's President Cauliflower is. 6d. per packet. The earliest in cultivation, dwarf and com- pact in habit, head firm and pure white, and well protected by the foliage. It stands dry weather better than any other variety. Mr. Gilbert says it turned out the best o/all\ie grew last season. Mr. E. Stei-henson, Thorpanby Hall, says: — "Your ' President ' Cauliflower is not only the earliest but the moii useful I have ever grown ; we can plant it 3 or 4 inches closer t ban any other variety. The heads are very white and compact, I have grown it ever since it came out : I recommend it to all my friends." Post-free on receipt of postal order or stamps fur IS. (yd. WILLIAM E. MARTIN. Seed Merchant, Hull. ANTHONY WATERER Invites attention to the following LIST of well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY STOCK :— HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to\ tauri'olia, ditto. [10 feet high. Hodgiiis', 3. 4. 5 to 8 feet, myriifolia, ditto. Scotiica, 3 to 8 feet- Vmaiiy thousands. ,, Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others. , , Variegated, of sorts, ^, 4, 5, 6, 8 to 10 ft. / ,, Wateiet's .splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet in circumference. ,, Golden (^'^'^^Oi 3t 4- 5t 6. 7. 8 to 10 feet, hundreds o( beautilul specimens. „ Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful heads, ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds. „ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful plants, BOX. Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7 feet, many ihousacds. VEWS, Common, 3. 4, 5, 6 to 10 leet, thousands. ,, Golden, of ail sizes up to 10 feet. We have many thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point of variety and size unequalled. ,. Lish, e to 10 feet, hundreds. I thousands. CUPRfcSSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5. 6 lo 8 (eet, „ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful specimens. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds. RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4, 5,6, 7, 8, to 10 feet. The plants are covered with buds. AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet high, thousands. JUNIPERS, Chinese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high. ., Chinese Golden. 3 to 6 feet. JUNIPERUS VIRGiNlANAGLAUCA, 3 to 5 feet. ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds. „ DOUGLASII. 3 to 5 feet, thousands. ,, ,, GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. „ ORIENTALIS, 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ HOOKERIANA, 3 to 5 feet. „ PARRYANA GLAUCA. ij^ to 2 feet, hundreds. PICEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 4 fett, hundreds. „ GRANDIS, s to 7 feet. „ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. „ MAGNIFICA, 2 to 3 feet, hundreds. „ NOBILIS. iJ4 to3 feet, thousands. „ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, to ro feet. „ PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ PUNGENS, iK to 2 feet, thousands. PINUS CEM BRA. 6 to 8 feet. CEDRUS DEODARA. 6 to 9 feet, hundreds. „ LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon). 3 to s feet. THUIA OCCIDENTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. THUIOPSIS BOREALIS. 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. „ PISIFERA AUREA (true), 3 to 6 feet. „ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feel. Knap HIU Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey. JOHN LAING Boses for Removal now. Standards, choicest and best sorts Half-Standards ,, ,, ,, Dwarfs „ „ ,. Our selection of above Perpetuals. Vigorous growth, well-rooted, unequalled quality, Rose Growers, Forest Hill, S,E. Lalng's Rose Trees. & CO. Per doz. iZs. and its. iSs. „ 18s. gs. ,, 1 2 J. SEEDS.-SEEDS.— SEEDS. CHARLES TURNER'S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of New and Select Varieties of every Class of Seeds for the Garden, is now ready. THE ROYAL NURSERIES, SLOUGH. TO PLANTERS OF FOREST AND OTHER TREES. Cranston's Nursery &, Seed Co. (LIMITED) Have splendid stocks of transplanted and well-rooted LARCH FIR .. .. I to ij feet. . . .. ij to 2 feet. . . , . 2 to 2J feet. . . . , 2^ to 3 feet. . . 3 to 3^ feet. .. 4 to 5 feet. SCOTCH FIR .. ..2 to 2} feet. .. ,, . . . . 2^ lo 3 feet. THORNS 2 to zj feet. ,1 .... 2^ to 3 feet. &c., &c., and will be pleased to quote lowest prices on receipt of a list of requirements. Full truckloads Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station. CATALOGUES on application. CRANSTON'S NURSERY k SEED CO. (LIMITED) KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. A SPECIALTY. Rhododendrons and other Americin Plants, Grown in Sandy Loam. A superb Collection of all the leading varieties in cultivation. Also thousands of RHODODENDRON PONTICUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverts. Pritcd LISTS on application. GRAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant- bg Canes; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey. To the Trade Only. FERNS — FERNS — FERNS. — Adiantum cuoealum, A. irapezifoime, A. gracillimum, Lomaria gibba, Lasirea aristata variegaia, Pieris senulata cristata Cowani, P, serrulata : nice plants, in 60 's, 20i. per ico. Adiantum cuneaium, A. gracillimum, A trapeziforme, in 4 and 4^^ inch pots, 4or. to 501. per loo, accoiding to size ; Adiantum Pacotti, in 6o's, 30J. per 100; ditto, in 4 and 4J4 inch pots, 50J. per 100. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garbton, Liverpool. UTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require description. Price 6j. per bushel (15. extra per bushel for package), or fid. per cake ; free by Parcels Post, u. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural direciions enclo.sed, wiih our sienaiure attached. \VM. CUTBUSH AND SON (l.imiieH), Nurserymen ard Seed SltfLlnnls. Hieheate Niirs»*nes. N. JOHN CRANSTON, KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD. NEW, RARE, AND CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS "Illustrated." This most USEFUL and INTEKESTING CATALOGUE, which every one with a Garden or Greenhouse should possess, is NOW READY, and may be had gratis upon appli- cation. It includes, perhaps, the finest list of STERLING NOVELTIES ever brought together; a grand collection of HARDY FLORISTS' FLOWERS ; a specially fine selection of HARDY PERENNIALS, and such as are easily and quickly grown ; GREEN- HOUSE SEEDS — all the most popular; HARDY ORNAMENTAL GRASnKS; SHOWY SINGLE-FLOWERED ANNU- ALS and PERENNIALS. The Catalogue is beautifully illustrated and everything very fully described. Also, in separate form, a complete Collection of MISCELLANEOUS BULBS adapted for Spring Planting. THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER (ESTABLISHED 1S04.) Pill DO Lovely Flowers in Winter and Spring for a trifle. DULDO Ready in Autumn. ROSES (20 acres) ■'"^".ff'^^!'^':^""- S1ANL)AKDS, 155. per dozen, 105^, per ico. Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. TRIIIT^ n A. arroc^ Best varieties of every form rilUl 10 \/T" aLlCO/ and kind of tree at low prices. SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) IViVr^ TREES. FLOWERING PLANTS (8j, per dozen, sor. per 100), FOREST TREES. ROSES IN POTS (80,000) 'va'^?'S'k'?; FORCING, &c., 15J. t0 36i. per dczen. ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants, 4^. per dozen, 251. per 100 (R. S. & Co.'s Selection). STRAWBERRIES forcing, i6i toasj''pe'r'i'i°o' \/IMCC THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES, V I IM LO 31. 6rf. to los. td. each. PI TMATIC WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGIE OLL IVI n I IO and DOUBLE, iji. 10 34s. per dozen. Three Acres of Glass for Stove and Creenhause Plants. FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE. VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense ai>iount of useful information, free on application. C( SNO^A^DROP " POTATO. (JOHN PERKINS & SON.) A New Early White Kidney, of sterling merit, both as to quality and productiveness. Awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horticul- tural Society, August 30, 1883, and 7ww offered at a price that places it within the reach of all. May be had through any Seedsman or direct from the Growers. 5 2, John Perkins & Son, SEED MERCHANTS and NURSERYMEN, MARKET SQUARE, NORTHAMPTON. January 31, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 159 CORRESPONDENTS PLEASE NOTE.— V_; The future Address of WATSON and SONS ble of Halliford Street. Islington. N., will be 7^ WHITTINGTON ROAD BOWES PARK, N., where Orders for best Early- Ibwering CHRYSANTHEMUMS and the golden Madame Desgrange may be addressed- TO the" TRADE, or others that offer.— ROSES. Standard Teas. 6 dozen Marechal Niel, la dozen Gtoire de Dijon, few Marie van Houtte. Safrano, Mal- , naisoD. &c., very strong.— T. GILES. Cowsfield, SaltsbuOf^__ CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Speciahy. — 420 varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest and cheapest Collections in the Trade Plants, purchaser s selection, ts. (>d. per doien, i6j. per loo ; cuttings, \s. M. per dozen, loi. per loo ; W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe, Kent. _^ Tuberous Begonias. ROWEN offers his magnificent strain, the • result of many years" selection and hybridising. Tubers selected when in bloom. In colours or mixed, single, 3^. td. to \cs. 6J. per dozen; double (warranted ;double) 5^. to 21). per dozen. Seed. is. 6J. and 2s 6ii. single, 2s. 6d. and 5s. double. See BEGONIA LIST for opinions of Horticuhural Press, on application. The Floral Nurseries Maidenhead. ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens. — Fresh Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, 4 bushel bags, is, each ; 30 for 25s.— bags included. Two Ton Truck, free on Rail, 25J. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, $s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6d. ; 10 for 351. ; 20 for 60s Best Blaclc Fibrous Peat, 4s. td, per sack ; 5 for 20J. ; 10 for 30J. Coarse Bedford Sand, ts. 6d. per bushel ; 14J. per J-a-ton; 25J. per ton. SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER, lod. per lb.; 28 lb., 21J. ; cwt, 70-r. Second quality, jd. per lb. ; 28 lb. 165. Finest Tobacco Cloih, Sd. per lb. ; 28 lb. for iSs. Leaf-Mould, 5J. per sack. Peat- Mould, 4s. per sack Yellow Fibrous Loam. 31. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. 6d. per bushel. Bones, Guano, Sphagnum, &c. LIST free. .Special prices to the Trade lor cash. W. HERBERT and CO.. Hop Exchange Warehouses. Southwark Strbet, S.E. (near London Bridge). 12* oz Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps. FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c.— BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best qnahty fir OrchiJs Stove Plants, &c ,i;66j. per Truck. BLACK KIBROUSPEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths. American Plant Beds, 15-1 per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 55 ; 5 Bags, 22J 6d, ; 10 Hags, 4iJ. Bagsincluded. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 105 6rf. per Bag. SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 535. per Truck of 4 tons. WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hanis- EUREKA ! ! INSECTICIDE. Prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Cbemlst, Stockbridge, Edinburgb. HigJust Awardt Forestry Exhilntiott^ Edinburgh. " Clovenfords, by Galashiels, N.B., July 25, JS83. " Mr. Smith, — Dear Sir, — We have now tried your Insecii- cide 00 all the Insects we can find on any of our Plants, includ- ing Orchids, and used as directed by you we find it instant destruction to them all, while it neither stains nor injuiei the tcnderesl leaf. We shall in future use no Fir-tree Oil, or other Insecticide but yours. — We arc, yours truly, "WILLIAM THOMSON and SONS." WHOLESALE AGENTS:— CORBY, SO PER, FOWLER & CO., 18, Finsbury Street, London, EC. FIR TRPF nil INSECTigD£ ■ III inkb UIL (SolableinWater) EffectuaUy clears all Insects and Parasites from the Roots or Foliage of Trees and Plants. Kills all Vegretable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and Blight. Clears Grapes from Mealy Bug, &c.. and makes a good Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, 1'6, 2/6^ 4/6 a bottle. Per gal- lon 12/6, or less in larger quantities. A Treatise on '*Fir Trer Oilf^* and its application, sent fvfc on recpiyt of addrfs", hu the Manufacturer, E. GRHTTTHS HTGHES, M^VNCHESTER. Wholesale from Hooper & Co. ; Corry, Soper, Fowuih and Co.;9C. E. OsMAN & Co, and from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly made, same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society of England. Sacks, is. each; 15 sacks, 13s.; 20 sacks, \-]S.: 30 sacks, 251.; 40 sacks, 301 , sacks included ; truckload of 2 tons, loose, 3V. All goods free on to rail. Cash with all orders will oblige.— J. STEVENS and CO.. "Greyhound" Yard, and 153, High Street, Battersea, S.W.— Established 1872. EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT.— Forty sacks, ij, 6d. per sack ; 30 ditto, is. gd. ; ao ditto, 3s. 6d. ; 10 ditto, 4J. 6d. ; sacks, 6d. each. In trucks of 14 cubic yards, II*. per yard. For Rhododendrons and common purposes, ias. per ton, not less than four tons ; sample sack, 2s. 6d. LOAM, SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, &c. See Special List, also for the Trade. Ringwood, Hants. PEAT. — Superior Black or Brown Fibrous PEAT, for Rhododendrons. Azaleas, &c.. as supplied to Messrs. J. Waterer and other noted growers. Six tons, loaded on trucks at Camberley Station, S.W.R., jCi 4s. Mr. W. TARRY, ••Golden Farmer." Farnborough Static n. BEESON'S MANURE Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes. Sold In Tins at la., 2s. 6d., and lOs 6d. each ; also In Sealed Alr-tlght Bags, containing 1 cwt , 13s. T/ii- los. 6d. Tins serve as a strong mhstantial receptacle to refill from tlie 1 c-wt. bags. Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists in the Kingdom, or direct from the MANUFACTURER, W.H.Beeson.CarbrookBoneMills, Sheffield. Testimonials from the Rev. Canon Hole, and moit of the leading G.irdeners, free on application. Pure Crushed Unboiled BONES, any size, for Vine Bordcis, &c. WHOLESALE A(;HNTS IN LONDON, CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (Limited). GARDEN REQUISITES. ^_^ Two Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 4s td. per sack ; 5 sacks for 2cj. PEAT, best black fibrous . . 31. 6rf. ,, 5 sacks for 151. PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5J. od. LOAM, best yellow fibious PRE PAR ED COM POST, LEAF MOULD, best onl PEAT MOULD SILVER SAND, coarse, u. j,d- per bush., \2S. half ton, aaj.ton RAFFIA FIBRE, best only So', per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported .. 8rf. lb., 28 lb. \%s. TOBACCO PAPER ,. (Spdcialit^J %d. lb., 28 lb. i8j. MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack.. 51. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected 2s. per bush., 6j. per sack. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sack?, \s. each ; 10 sacks, 91. ; 15 sacks, 13J. ; 20 sacks, 17s. 30 sacks, 25J. ; 40 sacks, 30*. Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30J. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in sacks only. 2s each. Terms, strictly Cash wiih order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E. Tcnio 55. ex. 3US . . "V IT.bestI nly.. I"- per bush, (sacks included). VINE and PLANT MANURE. The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, will in future sell their celebrated MANURE under the name of "COWAN'S VINE and PLANT MANURE," in place of "THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT MANURE." The composition will be the same, and the high quality in every way be maintained. Bags containing i civt., i8j. ; \ cwt., 93-. dd. ; \ cwt, 5J-. ; k cwt., y. Circulars, with full particulars, on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYARD, GARSTON. GARDEN REQUISITES. ""COA-NUT FIBKB EtitJSE., ^H. p.-i uusnei , • for asj. ; truck (loose, jboul a tons), 40J. ; 4-odshel bags, \d. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. id. per sack; 5 sacks, asj. ; sacks, txt. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAl, 51. per sack, s sacks aaJ. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVF.R SAND. u. ad. per bushel: 151. P" half ton, 26J. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, ^d. each. „ . „ VELI.OW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAr-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, n. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8j. 6rf. per sack. MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO- BACCO CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write (or Fiee Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, ai. Goldsmith's Stieet, Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C. LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE (Registered). —Soluble in water. The cheapest, safest, and most effectual Insecticide extant. Harmless to flower and foliage, Instant death to Mealy Bug, Scale, Thrips, Rtd Sp der. Green and Black Fly, American Blicht, Mildew, Ants, &c As a winter dressing unequalled. See circulars, with testimonials, from many of the leading gardeners on its behalf Sold by most of the leading Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Garden Manure Manufacturers, in tins— per pint, \s. 6d. ; quart, 25. gd. ; half gallon 51. ; gallon, qs. Directions for use with each tin. Wholesale, J. W. COOKE, Maiket Place. Winsford ; and A LAING, Rawclifle, Selby, Voiks ; also Messrs. OSMAN AND CO., 15 Windsor Street, Bishopgate, London; and W. FRASER, lat High Street, Perth. GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since iSsg against Red Spider, Mildew, Thript, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, is., 3^., and los. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soften wet ground. Boxes, td. and is. from ihe Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. SILVER SAND, coarse, 6s., Ss. and los. per ton. Sussex and Kent PEAT and LOAM, 65., 8s. and lor. per cubic yard. Free on_rail by truckload^. moderate prices.- hurst, Sussex. In sacks at -W. SHORT, Horticultural Cjmpany, Mid- Eslablished 1862. Made of prepared Hair and Wool, a / t, perfect non-conductor of heat or / "^ / cold, keeping a fixed tempera- /^O, ture where it is applied. oV^ ^'^ ^1^ 4^. " I have just laid out about 14,003 plants, and keep the greater part . -, under your ' Frigi Domo,* and / C^ ' ' ' . o sees my plants is astonished to see how healthy and well they are without ihe use of glass — From a — / ^j GARDENER, /j^ October 22, //-CV/ ^ ^ ^C)/ Proprietor and Maker, xy BENJAMIN EDGINGTON --V/ LONDON BRIDGE, S E. ■^t / Ask for " Frlgl Domo, " and see - ' tliat It Is stamped " Frlgl Domo,' Registered Trade Mark. To be had 2 yards, 3 yards and 4 yards wide, of all Nursery- men and Florists, from the Sole GREENHOUSES, CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES, and PLANT HOUSES, from 15 feet 10 50 feet in length, to be erected very cheap on accoui t of the great depression of trade. 25 per cent, reduction from the original prices. Plans and estimates free on receipt of size required. R. STEVENS, Horticultural Builder, Bromley, Kent, THE G-AEDEMES' CHEOIICLE EOEl OE SUBSCEIPTIOI. From To W. RICHARDS, 41,. WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Please send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle' commencing^ , for which I enclose P. 0.0. for . 1885 Months, j^^^ Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this OflBlce must be paid for in advance. ^^^ THE UNITED KINGDOM : — I2 Months, £i y. lod.; 6 Months, ii.r. iirf. ; 3 Months, 6s.; Post-free. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, ^i 6s. for Twelve Months. India and China, ^i Ss. 2d. P. 0.0. to be made payable at DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. Cheques should be crossed "DRUMMOND." i6o THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Uanuary 3t, 1885. Important to Nuraerymen. BeedBmen.andO&rdeners. GEORGE'S GENUINE ROLL TOBACCO PAPER, alio TOBACCO CLQTlt' ^jcnowl«dged to b« the best iq the market, and suppli'' ', *o most of the Vi-diog Nurserymen and Seedsmen in England. Trade Price very low. Samples sent on application. J. GEORGE. 10, Victoria Road, Putney. S.W. TOBACCOCLOTH and PAPER, finest and most effective, 14 lb. for 9^. ; 28 lb., i8j. ; cwt. 70J. Special quotations lor the Trade. J. DENYN, Manufacturer, 73, Rendlesham Road, Clapton, E. PURE WOOD CHARCOAL FOR VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES, ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES, AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds, Yorkshire. Special Offer for Seven Days Only. BENNETT'S SAFETY LIGATURE for Rose and Fruit Trees, Nos. i, ?, or 3. 50 for 31., ico and upwards, 55. per 100. Direct from maker only. W. E. BENNETT. Condover, Shrewsbury ; and Thurston, Layland. near Preston. BLAKE'S PATENT "SIMPLEX" FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX, Also Registered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes. For Sizes and Price apply to the Sole Manufacturers — BLAKE te MACKENZIE, SCHOOL LANE. LIVERPOOL. LAKE AND M AC K E N Z I E'S WATERPROOF and other LABELS, for Nursery and Greenhouse purposes; also the WILLESDEN WEATHER- PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for Shadicg. Pictorial Flower and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's Requisites. Address : School Lane. Liverpool. RUSSIA MATS. JAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every description of RUSSIA MATS for Coveting, Tying, and Packing, at the very lowest possible prices. TOBACCO Paper, raffia, brown peat, silver sand, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE (Best only), and other HORTI- CULTURAL requisites. Full Descriptive Priced CATALOGUE post-free on application. 149, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E. BLACKBURN AND SONS, • Ru.ssiA Mat Merchants and Importers. ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MATS of every de- scriptiOD at wholesale prices for Packing, Covering, and Tying, fiom lis. per io3. Manufacturers of SACKS and BAGS, ROPES, LINES, and TWINES, SEED BAGS all sizes, SCRIM and TIFFANY, for shading and covering, in all widths : TANNED NETTING, TARRED TWINE and TARRED YARN, RAFFIA FIBRE for lying. TOBACCO PAPER and TOBACCO CLOTH. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, and GARDEN SUNDRIES. Price List free on application. Special Quotations to large buyers. 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.G. Russia Mat Merchants. ARCHANGEL MATS, PETERSBURG MATS, of all qualities and sizes. RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO ULOTH and PAPER, &c. For Wholesale Prices applv to the largest Importers and Maoufacluiers — MAREN- DAZ. AND FISHER, 9, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C. HARPHAM, Practical RoCK BUILDER, • and General Horticulti;ral Decorator (for many years leading hand with Dick Radclyffe fie Co., London), IC7, Church Street, Edgware Road, London, W. Estimates free. T- H. undertakes all kinds of STONE. CORK, or COMPOSITION WORK, PLUMBING, and ZINC WORK in connection with Horticultural Decorations. Aquariums, Window Cases and Boxes. TILE FLOORS laid and all kinds of RUSTIC WORK made to order. Has obtained a Silver Medal, and also a Testimonial from Paris Exhibition for Horti- cultural Decorations. Orders by post punctually attended to. Conservatories Furnished by Contract. TUFFA STONE, SPAR and CORK for sale, in stock. JOHN SHAW AND CO., 31, Oxford Street, *' Manchester, Manufacturers of TIFFANY and NET- TINGof every Description. Circular and Prices on application. STON CLINTON STRAW MATS.— The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sizes :— 6 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. g in. at zj. ; 6 tt. 6 in by 4 ft. 6 in at 2i. arf. ; 6 ft. 6 in. by 7 ft. 31. id. Aoplv to Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton. Tring. Under the Patronage of tbe Queen. JSMITH'S IMPERISHABLE • STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, wiih raised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. The Gardener's Magazine says ; — " We must ^ive these the palm before all other plant label*, as the very fir^t in merit.*' Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-AvorL THOS. W. ROBINSON, DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE. Tbe Beat and Quickest Made. 4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, ^s, yi. each : i-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, \t, td. each. Prict List on appluation. THOMAS GREEN & SON (Limited), Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds, And Surrey WorKs. Blackfrlars Road, London, S.E. Horticultural Engineers to Her Majesty the Queer, CALL SPECIAL ATTENTIOjV TO THEIR PATENT WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR HOT-WATER BOILERS, And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS ; SADDLE BOILEBS. With WATERWAY BACKS, and WELDED BOILERS, which are Specially adapted for Healing Greenhouses, Conser- vatories, Churches, Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance Halls. Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They are the neatest ^ cheapest, most effective, and durable of any extant. The Tubular ones are remarkable for their great heating power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will burn without requiring attention. This pattern Had the First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal. Aivirdedto it at the Royal Hnrticultur-al Society's Exhibition South Kemin^ton, London, onjune 3 188 1. The youmal of Horticulture of June 9 says ; — " Heating Apparatus. — A great number of boilers, valves, &c, were exhibited by eight competitors, and considerable in- terest was manifested in the verdict of the judges, and much discussion was brought to bear on the merits and shortcomings of the difierent boilers. The apparatus for which the Silver Medal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the form of a letter X, but the tubes in ogee form, in the crown of the boiler. Most gardeners who examined the boiler expressed a favourable opinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler with- out being complex, the latter condition having, no doubt, had weight with the judges." The Garden of June ir says : — " The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs. Green & Son for their new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a modification of tbeir original patent, the boiler being longer and not so high. It is found to be a powerful and efficient boiler, and heats a large quantity of water quickly with a small consumption of fuel." De!5criptive Illustrated Price List may be had free on application. Estimates given for all kinds of Heating Apparatus, and Hot- water Fittings of every variety supplied on the shortest notice. Galvanized Iron Cisterns, from Ad. to \s. 6d. per gallon. IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS, Iron and Wire Espaliers, &c. MATERIAL for WIRING GARDEN WALLS. GALVANISED. JOHN CORBETT, Hot-water Engineer, CORPORATION ROAD. CARLISLE, Inventor and Sole Manu''act'irer of the RIGMADEN WROUGHT-IRON WATERWAY FIRE- BAR BOILERS The best and most economical Boilers ever introduced. An additional heating power of fully ooe-third is obtained by the use of these Wrought-iron Waterway Bars. Churches, Schools, and all Horticultural Buildings Heated on the most approved principles by Hot Water, PLANS AND ESTIMATES FREE. IMPROVED ViNt ROD FASTENER. PATENT. Vine Rods are now attached to ihe wire, or lowered to be pruned, in a few moments. The fastener is always ready, and being made of strong material will last several years. Many ex- perienced Vine growers have already adopted il, and expressed their entire approval of the result. Box containing 6 doieo. price 55. Sold by R. H. and J. PEARSON, 141 and 141. High Street. Nolting Hill, W. ; and J. W. DART, Sl Aubin's, Jersey. TMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER J- {Patent). Great Economy in Time and Labour. Sample Box, containing six dozen, in three sizes, price 5J. Sold by R. H. AND J. PEARSON. 141 and 143, High Street, NoltiDg Hill. London, W. ; and J. W DART, St. Aubm's, Jersey. 1^,^"— NOTICE. ^ L AT H E S and FRET SAWS. 160 varieties. Easv Terms of Purchase. List containing Prices of Parts, 6d. BRITANNIA CO., COLCHESTER. Special Designs in Garden Tables. Oil Fatnt no Longer Necessary. ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH, for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. {Re^ittered Trade Mark.) H EVES, 7 Pa-vintr ( 3-Iight frame, la feet by 6 feet )- r^^^d. \ 3 »o 5 5 6-hght fram«, 54 feel by 6 feet ) The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framioK for brick pits at proportionately low prices. R. HALLIDAY AND CO., Hothouse Buildersand Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, MJddletOD, Manchester. Motto. — "Excellence, Art^ Durability, Economy." CROMPTON AND FAWKE8, (Formerly T. H. P. DENNIS & CO.,) ANCHOR WORKS, CHELMSFORD, Conservatory and Hothouse Builders in Wood or Iron, and Heating Engineers. CATALOGUES, Revised Priced LISTS, DESIGNS, and full Particulars of ORNAMENTAL CONSERVATORIES, GROWING-HOUSES, BOILERS, HEATING APPARA. TUS, &c.. Post-free, on application, BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS HEATING ENGINEERS. AND Conservatories, Orchid Houses, &c. Designed in appropriate style to suit any posi- tion or requirements, with curved or straight glass as required. Vineries, Greenhouses, &c. With all the latest improvements, best materials, ventilation without draughts, and perfect glaring. Eatimates and Lists post-free. Gentlemen waited upon in any part of the kingdom. References to every county in England. Surveys made. Plans and Estimates prepared for any description of Horticultural Building. Hothouses of any design estimated for, and built of the best material and workman- ship, with strict regard to economy in price. New Catalogues post-free 12 stamps. R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries Stoves, GreenliouBeB, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved p'an, are the perfection of growing houses, and for practi^ utiJity, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work, and that thk very best. Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Helou Frames, Sasbes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock. Plans, Estimates arid Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any Part of the Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been — UODBBATB CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. DEANE & CONSERVATORIFS & CO.'S GREENHOUSES. The prices given include ERECTING COMPLETE, with all necessary brickwork, &c., within 15 miles of London. SPAN-ROOF CONSERVATORY. Size isft.bygft. .. 2oft.byi2ft. ssft-byisft. Price .. £,ifl. ,. £42 10s. .. ^£58. LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE. Size, ioft.by6ft., i2ft.hy8fl., 15 ft. by 10 ft., 20 ft. by 12 ft. Price, jCig tos. £23 los. _ jC^g los. £40. Proportionate prices (or other sizes and at any distance. Drawings and Estimates for Conserv.-itories free. LOUGH BOROUGH HOT-WATER APPARA- TUS, complete as shown, with 12 ft. of 4-ia. Hot-water Pipe, £4 4J. The simplest, Cheapest, and most Powerful Appa- ratus made. It requires no hot-water fitter for fixing, and burns more than twelve hours without attention. Price of Apparatns for houses of anv sze on application. CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE. DEANE & CO., (t^-J'-'SE), LONDON BRIDGE. SPECIAL G LASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c. All sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application. T. & W. F A R M I L O E, Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W. ARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St., London. E.C. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, dtc. Can be obtamed in all sizes and qualities of BBTHAU & SON, 5, LOWER THAMES STREET. LONDON, E.C. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 30 in. by T3tn, 3oin. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., aoin. by 18 in., in t6.oz, and 2I-0Z. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in zoo-ft. and ^00- ft, cases ELEVEN SILVER MEDALS JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Potter V, Weston-suphr-mare. Manufacturer of TERRA- COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER TILES, GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn ereen ; ORCHID, FERN, SEED, and STRIKING PANS RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-free. Book of Designs, ir. 6d. BOBlier'B Garden Edging Tiles. HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great duiahility. Tha plainer sorts are specially suited for KI TCHE N ' GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or Intect?, ^ an take up little room, and* ^ liMT'ilri^ once put down, incur no further 1 ibour or expense, as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES. FOUNTAINS, &c., in Anificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of desijn. F. ROSHER AND CO , Manudcturers, Upper Ground S reet, Blackfiiars. S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. • Kingsland Road, E Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT" ACME" FRAMES PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES" also lor FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Cnrridors, Balconies, &c , from 35. per square yard upwards. Pattern .Sheet of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety, Slates, Cement Sec F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and TUe Merchants. See Addresses above. SI L V E R S~ A N D, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in an quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves A liberal Discount to the Trade. 1 62 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 31, 1885. THE GARDENERS;^ CHRONICLE. SCALE OF CHARGES ^m ADVERTISING, Head Litu cha^'^td as tzvo. 4 Lines. .f,o ^ 0 15 Lines. ■f.o 8 6 5 „ . . 0 S 6 16 . 0 9 0 6 „ . . 0 4 0 17 . 0 q 6 7 „ . . 0 4 6 18 . 0 10 0 8 „ . . 0 S 0 19 . 0 10 6 9 „ . . 0 S 6 20 . 0 II 0 10 „ . . 0 6 0 21 . 0 II 6 11 ,, • . 0 6 6 22 . 0 12 0 12 „ . . 0 7 0 23 . 0 12 6 13 „ . . 0 7 6 24 . 0 n 0 14 „ . . 0 8 0 25 . 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J. Page £9 o o Half Page 500 Column 350 QARDENERS. and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS. a6 words is. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BB PREPAID. IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned agaitisi hax'ing Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices., as all Letters so addressed are opened by the antkoriiies and returned to the setider. Births, Deaths and Marriages. 5*. each insertion. Advertisements for ike current iveek must reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kingdom : 12 Months. £\ 33, lOd. ; 6 Months, lis. lid. ; 3 Months. 6s. Foreign (excepting India and China) ; including Postage, £1 €S. for 12 Months ; India and China, £1 8s. 2d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE, W.C. to W. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. X TAKE NOTICE OF WOOD & MILTON'S giia. PATENT X The Future Boiler for X Nurserymen and Gardeners, FOR Heating any amount of 4-inch Pipe up to 15,000 feet. Advantages over all other in- ventions ■ — The greatest amount of heat from less fuel. As seen by diagrams some tubes are in the very centre of the fire and others sur- rounded by fire. This Boiler is a combination of tubes, to meet the requirements of X the times. X Apjilicants are requested to write tltsir addresses phthtly. T. ^VOOD, Hot Water Engineer, RUDGEWAY HOUSE, EASTVILLE, BRISTOL. SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT ofESTATES, CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E. Principal— Mr, H. E. MiLNER. A.M. Inst. C.E, Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower. Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 p,M Prospectus and tull particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace, Mr, MiLNER has moved his Offices to the above address, where his professional work is now carried on. 106,000 Accidents, For which Two Millions have been paid as Compensation by the RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE Company, 64, Cornhill. Accidents of all hinds. Paid- up and Invested Funds, jCsSo.ooo ; Premium Income, ;£235,ooo. Chairmam, Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or West-end Office, B, Grand Hotel Buildings, Charing Cross ; or at the Head Office, 64. Comhill, London, E.C. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. Farms. Estates, Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed '* Midland Counties Herald O^ce, Birmmghiiam." The Midland Counties Ni rnla always contains large numbers of advertisements relaticg to Farms. Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. Belgian. BULLETIN d'ARBORI CULTURE, de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve- NicH, F. Pavnaert, E, Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern mentat Ghent. Post-paid, 10s. per annum. H. T. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent. Belgium. Will shortly be Published. CHRYSANTHEMUMS AND THEIR CULTURE, by J. Bradner, of Arley Hill Nursery, Bristol. Price 1 J. Post-free, is. id. Full particulars of Treat- ment from the time of Taking Cuttings to Staging Plants and Blooms for Show. Orders can now be booked by CLINKER and TITE, Yeovil. Vol. I., 552 pp., 743 Illustrations, Now Ready, Price 15s. THE ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY of GARDENING: a Practical Eecyclopffidia of Horti- culture for Amateurs and Professionals. Illustrated with upwards of iSco Engravings. Also in Fortnightly and Monthly Parts, price 6d. and 11. each. London : L. UPCOTT GILL, 170, Strand, W.C. TO BE DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEED BUSINESS. A splendid going concern. One of the finest in existence, doing a large and profitable trade. An unusual opportunity. Apply (by letter only) to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. WANTED, a PARTNER, or to PUR- CHASE one of the best concerns in the Trade, enjoying a fine and rapidly-increasing business. An altogether exceptional opportunity for a capitalist. Amount required from an Incomer, not lees than ;^5ooo. Arrangements could probably be made to retain the services of the Managers and Foremen.— Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, City, E.C. WANTED, a PARTNER, with from ^750 to j£icoo in an old-established Nursery and Klorist Business. Large In and Outdoor Stock, every convenience, Good Cottage for partner in Nursery, if wanted. A good opportunity. — Address, stating particulars, W. C. C. , Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To Sons of Gentlemen. WANTED, by a Gentleman in Florida, a PARTNER in a Nursery and Cut Flower Business. Capital required jCsoo. For further particulars apply to J. N. GOULD, Esq , 10, Portman Square, London, W. WANTED, a competent HEAD WORK- ING GARDENER, thoroughly up to his work undtr Glass and Outside, keeping all in good order. — State full particulars to W. A. GLVNN, Esq., Seagrove, Ryde. L of W. WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR- DENER. Must be thoroughly practical in all branches. A married man, with one child only, to live in Lodge. One Under Gardener, two cows, pigs and poultry. — State age. wages required, length of last service, and full particulars to T. MASON. Esq., Lymwood, Silverhill, St. Leonards-on-Sea. WANTED, a GARDENER, capable of taking charge of a Small Nursery. Must understand Propagating, and have good character. Abstainer preferred. State what branch most accustomed to, wages required, and what family. Cottage found. — Letter only, to A., Lynchford House, Farnborough. Hants. GARDENER WANTED for Beckenham, Single handed. One able (in need) to attend to a Pony preferred. — Address, stating age, past experience, wages, and whether married, to GARDENER, Housekeeper, 36, Mark Lane, London, E.C. WANTED, GARDENER and LAUN- DRESS. Cottage, fire, vegetables, and lights. 3oi-. a week the two. Gardener need not be first-class. — Apply by letter to B. A., Pike, Stationer, Hertford Street, Mayfair, W. WANTED, a married man, as SECOND GARDENER.— Must be steady, active, and willing. Wages iSs. per week, with cottage and coals,— Apply, by letter, to H. FERRY, The Gardens. Ashton Park, Preston, Lanca- shire. WANTED, a young man, as UNDER GARDENER (Outside).— Must be well up to his work, and quick. Age not less than 22. Wages to commence at 181. per week.-GARDENER, Park Farm. Sevenoaks. Foreman for Fruit Tree Department. WANTED, for a large Nursery, \vhere Fruit Trees are grown very extensively, a iirst-class man, for a large charge. — Apply, with all particulars, to X. X. X , Gar- deners' CiiroKi'cle (Jffice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C, WANTED, a NURSERY FOREMAN, Must understand the Propagation of Roses, Coniferx, Fruit Trees, and General Nursery Stock.— Apply, stating experience, wages required, and full particulars to the LIVER- POOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard, Garston. WANTED, a Gentleman to take the entire CHARGE of the COUNTING-HOUSE of a leading Nurrery establishment. Preference given to one who could invest in the business a considerable amount of cash, with a view to present or ultimate purchase. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C. T\/'ANTED, SEVERAL young MEN, good » » characters, used to quick Tying, Potting. Watering, and Market Work— FOREMAN, The Garden, 114, Lough- borough Road, Brixton, S.W. Xf LORIST. —WANTED, an experienced -L young LADY, a good maker up and to Manage a Shop in Liverpool— A., Princes Buildings, Dale Street, Liverpool. l^T'ANTED, a young LADY, well up in the » » Florist Business, and of good appearance. — Apply at once to the LONDON SEED and NURSERY CO., 3M, Hope Street, Liveipiol. ANTED, as ASSISTANT SALESMAN, an active young man. Must have good knowledge of Ferns, Palms, &c. — Apply any morning at ROBERT GREEN'S Floral Establishment, Crawford Street, Bry?nston Square, W. WANTED, a young LADY, to Manage a Fruiterer and Florist's Shop. One who thoroughly understands the business. Well up in Bouquets, Wreaths, &c. Good home provided. — State wages, experience, ane alt parti- culars, to CHARLES COLEBROOK, Royal Nurseries, Grimsby. WANT PLACES. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. — // is very important in Remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at DRURY LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been tnade payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may Jail from negotiating it. N.B. — T/ie best andsajest means of Remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.— Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn, W.C. "P IC H ARD SMITH and CO. XIj beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeaers seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars. &c.— St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. C O T C H GARDENERS. —John Downie, Seedsman, r44, Princes Street, Edin- burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging from ,£50 to .{[ too per annum, and he will be pleased to supply full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust- worthy and competent Gardener. HE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur- series, Garston, can recommend a first-class GARDENER to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of such. GARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married; experienced in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Forcing, Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, Kitchen and Flower Garden- ing.— JAS. HOWELL, Lodge. Thurcroft Hall, Rotherham. (^ARDENER (Head). — Thoroughly V^ prjciical ; would not object to a Single-handed place. Can be highly recommended. — J. SLADE, 72, South Street, Isleworth, Middlesex. ARDENER (Head) ; Land and Woods if required.— Age 34, married ; upwards of twenty years' sound practical experience in some of the leading establishments of the country. — HAROLD, Mr. Myatt, Hamber Lane, Preston, Wellington, Salop. GARDENER (HEAD).-Age 33, married; twenty years' experience in the Cultivation o( Fruit and Flowers under Glass, Orchids. &c , in large establishments, also Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Six and a half years as Head. Well recommended. — E. W., Webheath. Redditch. ARDENER (Head).— Age 29, married when suited ; experienced from childhood. Welt acquainted with Forcing of Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables, and General Routine of Gardcning.-W. HASKELL, Broad Mo-r Cottage, Weston, Bath, Somerset. GARD E N E R ( H ead). — Neil Sinclair, Gardener to the Marchioness of Downshire, Easthamp- stead Park, Wokingham, Berks, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, H. Howell, to any Lady or Gentlemin requiring the services of a thorough practical man in all branches of the profession. Total abstainer. GARDENER (Head) ; age 31.— E. Simpson, Head Gardener to Lord Wrottesley, Wrottcsley. Wolver- hampton, can with confidence recommend his General Foreman, W. Holdcroft, to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman, as a competent, trustworthy man, in the general routine of Garden- ing. Three years in present situation. GARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married'; thoroughly experienced in the Management of Glass- houses, also in Flower and Kitchen Gardenitig, Has been a successful exhibitor. Eight years in present .situation ; leaving on account of death of late employer. — Mr. G. FISHER, Gardener, Glanbrydaw Park, Manordeilo, Carmarthenshire. ARDENER (He.\d) ; age 28. — Mr. Boddev, Gardener to the Right Hon. Viscount Boyne. Burwarton Hall, B idgnorth, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman (J. Leese) to any L:idy or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly competent and ti ustworthy nun. Four- teen years* experience in good esublishments,— Address as above. Tanuary 31, 1S85.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 163 r; G GARDENER (Head).— Age 38, married, one child ; thoroughly undcrstinds the profession in all its branches. Seven years* character. — G. H., 33, Market Place, Keighley. ARDENER (Head).— Mr. HardWICK, of Hollanden, Tonbiidge, wishes to hiehly recommend his Head Gardener (G. Goldsmilfi), who has hved with him eight years, and six years with previous proprietor. Leaving on account of family moving to to town. — For particulars apply to P. C. HARDWICK., E^q , address as above. ARDENER (Head) ; age 28. — GEORGE Channini;, Gardener to Colonel Loyd, Lillesden, Hawkhursl, Kent, would be pleased to recommend to any Lady or Gentleman a thoroughly trustworthy man. Has been irincipal Foreman in the Gardens here two years. Can also le highly recommended by Mr. Norman. Gardener, HatHeld House, Herts. Has had experience in some of Uie principal Gt'dens in England. — Address as above. ARDENER (HEAD WORKING).— Eight yeirs in last situation. Hiehly tecommcnded. — B L., Cardmen' Chronicle 0^\z^y 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. G~" ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 26, married, no family ; t we've years* experience in all branches. Kxcellent testimonials from previous employers. — H. D., T5 Versailles Road. Anerley, S.E. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age -:,i, mirried ; understands E:irly and Late Forcing, Flowers, Fruits. Vegetables, Kiichtn G-irden. and Pleasure Grounds. Excellent characttr— W. PECK. Winchmore Hill. N. GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30.— Mrs. Flrtcheh, Holywell Park, Wrotham, Kent, wishes to highly recommend her Head Gardener (A. Stevens). Thoroughly compeieut lo manage any p'ace. Leaving through no fault. Has been with her over six years. ARDENER (Head Working),— Age 40; experienced in Vineries, Stove and Greet. house, Kitchen and Flower Gardening, &c. Eight years* retereucts. Wife can take Dairy. — C L,, Gardeners* Chronicle Office, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand. London, W C. ARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept. — Age 37 ; thoroughly experienced in Early and Late Forcing, Orchid*, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Nine years' good character. — E. VARNEY, Stowe Gardens. Buckingham. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 42, manied, no family : wants a situation end of Maich. Thoroughly experienced in all branches. Sixteen 'years in last situation, left through death of employer. Wife good Dairy and Poultry woman.— W. CALVERT, Haresfield, Stone- house, Gloucestershire. ARDENER (Head Working); age 39, married. — G. Moore, for the past ten years with the Rev. C. Whichcote (icceased) is now at liberty to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical man in all branches. — The Gardens, Aswarby Rectory, Folkingham, Lincolnshire. GARDENER (Head Working). — Jas. HiBBARD, Gardener to C. Watkin, Esq., Welliug- borough, for the past two and a half years, and previously General Foreman in the gardens of the Right Hon. J. Chamber- lain, M.P., is desirous of obtaining a situation as above. Thoroughly experienced in Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Geoerai Gardening. Wages of not so much im- portance as a good going and permanent situation. Highest reference from present and past employers. — Address as above. GARDENER.— Age 19; Private Garden or Nursery. Three years' references.— W. WOLFF, Milton, Cambridgeshire. GARDENER.— Age 38, married ; practical and energetic ; thoroughly understands his work. Twenty years' experience in all branches. Four years' excellent cha- racter, seven years' previous. Wife Manage Poultry if re- quired.— GARDENER, Lome House, Broadwater Road, Worthing, Sussex. ARDENER (German). — Thorough in all branches, Forcing and Growing for Market. Reliable testimonials on enquiry. Present situation, London Market Nursery.— LOHSE, 4, Southwood Cottages, Eltham, Kent. ARDENER (Working). — Middle-aged, married, no family : experienced in all branches. Good references or personal character from last employer. — C. CARTER, 4, Montague Road, Broad Lane, Tottenham, Middlesex. GARDENER, where two or three are kept, or good SiNGLH-HANDED. — Age a6 ; eleven years* ex- perience. Good character. — J. WALKER, 7, Saltern's Sea View, Isle of Wight. GARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED, or Other- wise).— Age 2g, married ; in or near London preferred. No objection to Nursery. Good testimonials. — G. B., Calder Turner's Library, Bathurst Street, W. /':jj\RDENER (Single-handed).— Age 26, ^^ single ; understands all branches. Seven years' good character.— N. B., g. Princes Mews, Hereford Road, Bayswater, W. GARDENER (Single-handed), or FORE- man. — Age 28, good practical experience, first-class characters from previous places. — N. P., 118, Cassland Road, South Hackney, E. ARDENER (SECOND), or JOURNEY- MAN in the Houses in a good establlshmeDt. — Age 21; good character —A. WRIGHT, The Gardens, West Harling Hall, Thetford. Norfolk, ARDENER (SECOND), or JOURNEY- MAN. — Age 21 ; good knowledge of Orchids ; eight years' experience. Good references.— G. F. H. A. CARTER, Sydenham Station. L. B. & S. C. Railway, S.E, ARDENER (SECOND), or JOURNEY- MAN in the House?. — Age 22 ; nine years' experience in three Gardens. Good character and references. — H. A., Beotworth, Alton, Hants. GARDENER (Under).— Age 20; twoyears in Kitchen Garden. Good references. — Mr. A. HILL, Spring Gardens. East Molesey. Surrey. GARDENER (Under), in a good establish- ment.— Age 22 ; can be well lecommeuaed. Nine years' experience. Bothy preferred— JOHN WM. NICHOLSON, Elemore Hall Gardens, near Durham. GARDENER (Under), or'jbUNEYMAN in the Houses. — Age 21 ; six years' experience, three years in present place. Good character as to ability, &c. CHARLES DAVIES, The Gardens, Blakebrook House, Kidderminster. ARDENER (Under), or IMPROVER.— Age 19 : three years' good character from last place. — W. COUSINS, 1, Boot Lane, Weymouth, ARDENER (Under), or IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden or Nursery. Is a Gardener's son. and aged 18. — H. R., i, Chester Road, Westgate-on-Sea, Margate. /IiARDENER (Under), or IMPROVER.— V^ Age 20 ; SIX years' experience— four with the Orchids owned by the late J. S. Bockett, Esq. CJood character.— E. WHEELER. 12. Conduit Street.Upper Clapton. Loudon. N. IpOREMAN.— Age 24, single ; well up in Stove and GreeiihoUic Plants. Vines, Melons, and "all branches of Indoor and Outdoor Gardening. Highly recom- mended.—T.A ,37.MagdaU Road, Upper Holloway, London, N. FOREMAN, in the House. — Age 27 ; several years' experience in all branches of the prolession. Well recommended by present and previous employers. — J. WAKE- FIELD, The Gardens, Broadwater. FOREMAN.— Age 24 ; Pleasure Grounds, with a good knoA'ledge of Herbaceous and Alpine Plants. First-class character. — L. T., R. S. Davies, Book- seller. High Koad, Edmonton. FOREMAN, in the Houses.~Age 26 ; twelve years' experience in all branches of the profession in large establishments. Can be well recommended from last and pre- vious empbyer. Bothy preferred.— T. W., 284, High Street, Watford. Herts. tpOREMAN, in a good establishment.— -■- A^e 26, single ; twelve years' practical experience in all branches. Excellent recommendation. — State wages and all particulars to FOREMAN, 8, Highgrove Street, Tottetdown, Bristol. FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Has had long experience in first-class establishments ; under- stands Early and Late Forcing and general routine of a Urge Garden. Highly recommended from present and previous places.— J. TOY, Enville. near Stourbridge, Staffordshire. FOREMAN ; age 26. — Mr. FRANCIS, Gardener to Mr. Allan, Rosemont. Aigburih, near Liverpool, will be pleased to reommend a thoroughly trust- won hy and energetic man as above. Eleven yeari,' practical experience in good establishments. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN (Indoor).— Age 27, single ; ten years in the Trade. Thorough Florist, Furnisher, &c. Fair experience of Outdoor Work.— W. H., Spring Cottage, Wickham, Bishop's Witham, Essex, OREMAN, or PROPAGATOR and GROWER, — Twenty-two years' practical experience in Producing Large Quantities o( Cut Flowers and Flowering Plants, Hard and Soft-wooded, as Pelargoniums, Bouvardias, Cyclamens. Tree Carnations, Double Primulas, also Stove Plants, Palms, Ferns, Tea Roses, &c. — G. L., 30. Minster Road, Stamford Hill, London, N. FOREMAN (Indoor), in a good Nursery, where PlantsandCui Flowers are giownfor Maiket— Age 25 ; twelve years' experence in the Nursery and Florist Trade. Well upin Wreaths and Bouquets. Five years in last place ; excel- lentcbaracter.-CHAS. SMITH, 2, Pennell's Cottages, Lincoln. FOREMAN, or PROPAGATOR aiid GROWER.— Could take entire charge. Many years' practical experience, Wreaths, Bouquets, Cut Flower and Plant Trade, good Salesman. Nursery where good local trade can be done preferred,— C. C, 7, Fenwick Place, North Stockwell, London, S. W. OREMAN, or PROPAGATOR.— Age 30 ; fifteen years' practical experience in good firms, Hard and Soft Wood, includmg Roses. Clematis, Conifers, &c Good character. — T. F., Langton Villa, Sunninghill, near Ascot, Berks. FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN in a good establishment. — Age 24 ; four years' excellent character from last employer, and references.— W. H. KELLAND. High Melton, near Doncaster FOREMAN, in a large estabUshment, or good Single HANDED — Age 30, single, Scotch ; thoroughly understands the profession in all branches. Strictly sober. — F. M , Mayficld, Shooter's Hill, Kent. OREMAN PROPAGATOR or GROWER (Indoor). — Can Produce and Grow Stuff in quantity and style. Wreaths, Crosses, &c. First-class references.- CHARLES GODFREY, 19, Nelson Road, Rock Ferry. PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Roses, Indoor and Out, and Hard-wooded Plants generally. Good references.— W. S,, Great Walstead, Lindfield, Hayward's Heath. Sussex. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19; five years' experience. Good reference,— J. L.,96, High- gate Road, London. N.W, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good estabUshment. — Age 2 1 ; seven years' practice, three years in present situation. Good references. — R. WADHAM, Rousham Park Gardens, Oxoo. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; six years' experience, two and a half years in present situation. Bothy preferred.- A. L. CARTER, Chiswick House, Chiswick, Middlesex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses ; age 23.— T Tucker. Gardener lo Mrs. Honywood, Marks Hall, Kelvedon, Essex, wishes to recommend a young man. Has h.id good practice in Eariy and Late Forcing. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a Noble- man's establishment. -Age 32 ; three years in a leading Nursery and twelve months in a Gentleman's Garden. Can be well recommended by Head Gardener. Leaving to better him- self.—Apuly, with particulars, H. E. S-, Gwernyfed Park, Three CoLk^;, Brcconshire, R.S.O. JOURNEYMAN, or IMPROVER in the Houses. — Age 19 ; good references. Bothy preferred. — • B. KENT. MiUon Abbey Gardens, Blandford, Dorset. IMPROVER.— Age i8 ; two years in Flower Garden and Houses. Good character. State wages. — J. SHIELD, Knote Park. Almondsbury, Gloucestershire. IMPROVER, in a good establishment. — Age 16; two years' experience. — W. ROGERSUN, Gardener, Lark Hill, Liverpool. IMPROVER, in the Houses, in a Gentleman's garden. — Age 17 ; three and a half years' good characttr from present situation. — A. SWIFT, The Gardens, Launde Abbey, Leicester, '■pO NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser, who J- wishes to improve himself in Plant and Orchid Growing, and the general Nursery business, would like to hear of a goi d Nursery, where he would give his services for a nominal salarj . He would be found trustworthy and reliable in any, position.- Replies to Z , Gardeners Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. London, W.C. TO GARDENERS, &c.— ^5 Bonus to any one securing the Advertiser a good place. A thorough y reliable man. Good testimonials. Married, no family. — HORTUS, H. Norman's, Fairwarp. Uckfield, Sussex. COWMAN ^ndGARDENER.— Middle age, mirried, no family ; wife undertake Dairy and Poultry. Good references. — G. L., Richardson':k Cottage, Bandon Hill, Croydon, Surrey. O NURSERYMEN.— Wanted a situation in a Nursery, by a young Man (age 20). Five years' ex- perience.— A. H., I, Ethel Villas, Chase Road, Souihgate, N. CLERK, to a Seedsman or Nurseryman. — Three years* experience. Good character. — W. S. B., R. Porter, Nurseryman and Seedsman, The Cross, Oswestry. ANAGER, or SHOPMAN (Head).— Fourteen years' practical experience in both the Whole- sale and Retail Seed Trade, disengaged at once. First-clas, references. — ALPHA, Gard^nen' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. HOPMAN, CLERK, or BOOK-KEEPER. — Age 27 ; eleven years' experience in Nursery and Seed Trade. First-class references. — C. A. VIZE, 2, Trinity Road, Southampton. Seed Trade. SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT. — Age 21; five years' experience in all branches. For character, &c„ apply to Wm. Barron & Son, Seedsmen, Nottingham.— H. FOLL, Kingsley, Northampton. HOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Thorough knowledge of Farm and Garden Seeds, Bulbs, and ihc general business. — A. B , Mrs. Hood,26,Petty Street,Inverness. Seed Trade. SHOPMAN, or SECOND.— Age 23 ; eight years' experience in each branch of the business. Un- exceptional references. — C. E. L., 19. Egerton Street, Chester. APER-HANGER.— Well up in all House Repairs. Well recommended, and abstainer. — W.W,, Mr. Wall, 2, Laurel Villa, Gilbon Road, Kingston-on-Thames. GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. EP PS' S CO GOA. BREAKFAST. " By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli- cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr, Epp-. has provided our breakfast tables with a delicately flavoured beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution may be gradually built up until strong enough lo resist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point. Wc may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Servi Gazette. Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in Packets, labelled thus :— JAMES EFPS & CO., HomceopatMc Chemists. London. The Speediest Remedy for Throat and Chest affections. — " In spite of the many novelties and largely advertised 'newpreparations'for the Chest and Lungs. 1 find DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS Still rank as affording the speediest relief in Throat and Chest affections."— .S/;?ntfrf W. H. Turner, M.P.S., Totter- down, Bristol. They mstantly relieve and rapidly cure Asthma, Consumption, Bronchitis, Coughs, Colds, Shortness of Breath, Phlegm, Pains in the Chest, Rheumatism— and taste pleasantly. Sold at IS. i%d. and ai. gd. per Box, by all Druggists. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— The chief Wonder of modern times. — This incomparable medicine increases the appetite, strengthens the stomach, cleanses the liver, corrects biliousness, prevents flatulency, purifies the system, mvigorates the nerves, and reinstates sound health. The enorranus demand for these Pills throughout the globe astonishes everybody, and a single trial convinces the most sceptical that no medicioe equals HoUoway's Pills in itsabilityto remove all complaints incidental to the human race. They are a blessing to the afflicted, and a boon to all that labour under internal or external disease. The purification of the blood, removal of all restraint from the secre- tive organ?, and gentle aperitive action are the prolific sources of the extensive curative range of Holloway's Pills. 164 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 31, 1885. PALMS, strong, healthy, splendidly foliage d. — Latanis borbomca and Seaforlhia elegaos, zo ioches high, I2J per dozen ; sampto plant, xs. \d j Laiania horb»nica and Seaforlhia elegaos. 12 inches ^>gh, ■a'ys. per loj ; sample dozen, 4r. Pac'ieages and parcels post free. Posul Orders to The GARDENER. HoUy Lodge, Sumford Hill. London^ N. L ILIUM AURATUM, Home-grown. — Cultural Commeodalion, " Healtheries," October 14. *■ Acknowledged splendid." Supp'ied lo H. M. the Queen's Royal Gardens. See all gardeuing p^riodica's in October. Monster bulbs, 305, per dozen, sample bulb, 31. (sd. ; also imported firm and heavy healthy bulbs, 12 inches in circumference. iSr per dozen ; smaller sizes see Catalogue, which contains select list of Lilies aod other Bulbs for Spring Planting ; also Flower and Vegetable Seeds, including recent Novelties of Merit. COLLINS BROS, and GABRIEL. 39, Waterloo Road, London, S.E. ROSES.— ROSES.— ROSES.— Fifty choice Perpetuals sent on receipt of remittance for 211 : piir> chaser's selection from 400 best varieiies. List of names on ap- plication, Twenty-four choice Standards, or Half-standards, si^. JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery. Exeter, Devon. NOVELTIES GLOXINIA GESNERIOIDES, SAVATERA ARBOREA VARIEGATA, /(^ NEW BEGONIAS. 6. incomparablUs iQueen 01 Beddera), B. hybrlda Klgantea, B. semperflorens cccclnea. ABUTILON COM PACTUM, SESBANIA GRAN Dl FLORA, TYD^A HY- BRIDA NANA, y-y, \Sj/ Petunia flmbrlata a. -pi. ' OVy' (Lady ol the Lake). ^*" Primula fimbrlata atroaangulnea. Illustrated CATALOGUE foU-fru, From HABE & HATTSSLEB, SITTINOBOURNE, KENT. Great Reduction in Prices of Roses. STANDARDS and HALF - STANDARDS, best sorts, 15*. per dozen, 120J. per 100. DWARFS, LARGE BUSHES, IS. per dozen, 55J. per 100. A Descriptive CATALOGUE Post-free on application to FRANK CANT, "The" Rose-Grower, The Mile End Nurseries, Colchester. I Specialties for 1885. LLUSTRATED LIST Of Choice New Seeds for Gardeners and Amateurs. Post-free 6I, TEAS, and NOISETTES, worked on the Seedling Brier in ihe open ground, 40^. per 100. GENERAL PRICE LIST sent Free on application. MORRISON BROTHERS, NURSERIES, ABERDEEN. Surplus Stock ROSES.— Standard and Dwarf Hybrid Per- petuals. Bourbons, Tea-scented. &c., in upwaidi of aoo varieties, all fine plants, lo be sold at very low prices. Special quotations will be given, and Catalogue sent, on applicaiiou, CRANSTON NURSERY and SEEU CO, (Limited), King's Acrs, Hereford. N.B.—All the best of the iNew Continental and English Roses will be ready in Strong Plants early in April. THE BEST RED BEET. "CARTERS' PERFECTION," Post free, Per oz. Is. 6d. Per Packet, 6d. and Is. So said the Royal Horti- cultural Society. CARTERS' I Seedsmen by Royal Warrant To H.R H. The Prince of Wales, 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. mental ^_ FORTY Orna FRUIT Forest Priced Catalogues .PosLFree. JPHEAL&CONS v« V Crawley , W Sussex. /W* COLLECTIONS ./ 12/6 TO £5. • ^^20/ & UPWARDS CARRIAGE FREE/i* ^^IlLUSTRATED CATALOGUE-^ ^\\. POST FFI EE. ^J \JLviCTORIA& PARADISE/^* ry NURSERIES >^/ V >'-0ND0N N. C*^ Vegetable&FlowerSeeds Seed PotatosTools&c Best iQualitt- €ammm.gie Erus. JAMESDICKSON&SONS IOSEastgateSt. .(SiiSTEl VEGETABLES FLOWER fjow ready Posh free Two Stamps DescripfiveCatalogue^^Culfural Guide JPHEALSCONS Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, WellinRton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs, Hradbubv, Agnhw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by the said Williajh Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, January 31, 1885. Agent for Manchester— |ohn Hbvwood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mbnzibs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Cstatjlisjeti 1841. No. 580.— Vol. XXIII. {ser'^s.} SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 7. 1885. {p'^Jl^fafl NewsT';°'.}: Price 5d. Post-free, sjrf. CONTENTS. Abies (Tsuga) Mertcosi* Amateur dealers.. American Florists, So- ciety of 181 I Apple culture .. .. 176 I Books 1S8 Broccoli 1S6 Cesirums (Habrotham- ous), the .... 184 Chrysanthemum Society, the National .. .. 182 Cotton plant, a new .. 18 1 Cucumb«r powiiig . . 187 Cupressus macrocarpa .. 176 Cypripedium, the .. 178 Dendrobium erosum .. 174 Educational collections.. 182 Eucharis amazonica .. 187 Ferns, anatomy of .. 180 Florists' fl Jwets . . .. 168 Flowers, mortuary ., 173 Henbane, parasite of .. 176 Insecticide distributor, a new .. . . .. 183 Kennedya Marryalta: .. ico Kew 175 Kitchen garden, th± .. 1S3 La Petite Culture Mart;uerites as beddioj; I plants Masdevallia acrochordo- Miuhrooms at high tem- perature. . Obituary .. Orchid culture, season- able remarks on „ notes and glean- ings Orchids lor amateurs .. Phalxnop^is Schilleriana var, advena Plants adapted for living rooms ., and their culture .. Potatos, new Ranunculus Lyelli Remarkable trees on Pcnrhyn estate Sulphur fumes as an in- secticide Tithes, extraordinary .. Veronica, the name Vmerv, the Weather, the LLUSTRATIONS. Abies ^Tsuga) Merteosiana 18 c Cestrum (Habrothamous) fasciculatum . . . . .. 185 ,, ,, roseum . . ,. . . . . , . . . . , 184 Cupressus macrocarpa .. .. .. 177 PeroDospora hyoscyami . . , . . . . . . . . . 176 NOTICE lo SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be jnade payable at DRURY LANE. Now Ready. In clotb, 16s. 'J^HE GARDENERS CHRONIC'tE; I Volume XXn.. JULY 10 DECEMBER, 18I,. W. RICHARDS, ^l. Wellington Street, Strand, W.'C. '-THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, J- m AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.33 for Twelve Months. Agent for America :—C. H. MAROT, 814, Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, South Kensington. S.W. NOTICE ! — COMMITTEES" MEETINGS, Fruit and Floral, at ii A M., in the Conservatory ; Scientitic at i p M., in the Library. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, at 3 p.m., on TUESDAY NEXT. February 10. Candidates for Fellowship will be elected at this Meeting. N.B. — Entrances. N.E. Orchard House, Exhibition Road ; and Exhibitors' Entrance west side of Royal Albert Hall. SHEFFIELD BOTANICAL and HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. GRAND EXHIBITION cf PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUIT, at the Botanical Gardens, Sheffield, on FRIDAY and SATURDAY, July 17 and 18. TWO HUNDRED and FIFTY POUNDS in PRIZES. Prize Schedules may be bad on application to Mr. JOHN EWING, Curator, at the Gardens. Grape Vines. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand stock of Grape Vines, suitable for Fruiting in Pots and Planting in Vineries. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade supplied. The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool. To the Trade. CUCUMBER SEEDS. — Rollisson's Tele- graph, Veitch's Tender and True, carefully selected stock, which may be relied on. Price on application. GEO. COOLING and SON, Seedsmen. &c., Bath. ASPARAGUS ROOTS (Harwood's Giant). Very strong aod fit for abundant produce the first season ; per 100. ji. 6d. ; extra, immense roots, per loo, lar. 6i/. HOOPER AKD CO., Covent Garden. London, W.C. ASPARAGUS.— Extra strong three and four years stuff. Samples and prices on application to THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tolieaham. London. A SPARAGUS (Connover's Colossal),— Four -i~V years, fine strong Roots. 51. per i-o. Cash with order. JOHN ETHERINGTON DIXOX, Seed Grower, Gainsboroueh. SEAKALE.— Fine Forcing and Planting. ASPARAGUS, very £ne, 3 years. THF, ROYAL NORFOLK NURSERIES COMPANY (Ute EwiNGS), EatOD, Norwich. Trade List of Home-grown Seeds. CHARLES SHARPE AND CO.'S Whole- sale CATALOGUE of Seeds is now ready, and will be forwarded, pist-free, on application. CHARLKS SHARPE and CO., Seed Merchants and Growers, Sleaford. Expiration of Lease. SEVEN ACRES of NURSERY, containing a VALUABLE STOCK, continues to be offered at a nominal price. The lease cannot be renewed. See CHARLES NOBLE'S full Advertisement, Cardincrs' ChrotticU, January 31 and February 14. EATHS a SPECIALTY. — The finest Collection of HEATHS, AZALEAS, and HARD- WOODED STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS gener- ally in the country. An inspection solicited. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, KinEston-on-Thames. URPLUS STOCK, beautiful Specimens of ORNAMENTAL and EVERGREEN TREES, in per- fect condition for removal, at extraordinarily low prices. Special LIST, just published, on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. PRIVET, Strong bushy oval-leaved, 4 to 5 feet, suitable for Hedges. Common LAURELS, strong, bushy, 3 to 4 feet. Samples and Prices on application to T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, King^ton-on-Thames. ROSES.— ROSES^ROSESr^Fifty ^choice Perpetuals sent on receipt of remittance for 215.: pur- chaser's selection from 400 best varieties. List of names on ap- plication. Twenty-four choice Standards, or Half- standards, 2i.r. JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery, Exeter, Devon.! ROSES.— RGS ES.— Forty "dwarf H.P.'s and 12 Teas of finest named varieties for -2^5., Cash. EDWIN HILLIER,, Nurseries. Winchester. ROSES. — The finest Show and Decorative varieties, strong", robust, hardily grown plants, frorti 5^ per dozen, 40^. per too and upwards. Standards, fiom 12.*. per dozen, Q;i. ptr ico and upwjirds. Many thousands lb select from. JAMES DICKSON & SONS, " Newton " Nurseries. Chester. Grape Vines, Roses, aod Fruit Trees. IRELAND AND THOMSON beg to an- nounce that their stock of the above IS this year specially fine, and now ready to send out. Descriptive CATALOGUE with prices on applicatlng. Nurseries : Craigleiih, Comely Bank,, and New Golden Acre, Granton Road, Edinburgh. ARGE FLOWERING . TEN-WEEK STOCK, the best strain in cultivation, producing 80 to 90 per cent, cf double fljwers. Splendid, mixed, per oz., 7s., per packet, id. For separate sorts and collections, see CATALOGUE, forwarded gratis and post-free. FRED. ROEMER, Setd Grower, QuedlinburK, G'irmany. See report in the Gardeners' Chronicle^ August 9, 18S4, p, 178. Hyaclnthus candlcans. BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 50J. per 1000. EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Orders are now being booked for the New Varieties of 1 884 at loj. per doz : Cuttings, 1883 Varieties, +s. per doz. ; best Old Varieties, ij.ei/. per doz.. my selection. Post-free for P.O. CATALOGUE one stamp. — R. OWEN, Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead. EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 1884-5.— Our Descriptive Priced LIST is now ready, and can be had free on application to T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries. Kingston-on-Thames. A R R AND S O N'S SEEDS, selected from the finest stocks, and of best growth. Descriptive LIST free on application. BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. Q To Wholesale Customers. U I C K S. — 1st size, strong, i\s. per looo ; 2d ditto, 161. per looo ; 3d ditto, laf. per 1000. B. SLOCOCK, Upton Court Farm, Slough, Bucks. w. application. s COTCH FIR, guaranteed True Native, our own collecting. 5J. td. per pound. R. AND A. MORRISON. The Nurseries. Elgin. ANTED, a good large Plant of White sweet-scented JESSAMINE. The plant must be cirefully removed and potted. State size and price to GARDENER. Chnnicli Office, Shrewsbury. WANTED, i-yr. Planting Canes of the following VINES ;— LADY DOWNE'S. BLACK ALICANTE. MUSCAT OF ALEXANDRIA. State lowest price per ico, without pots. E. P. DIXON, The Nurseries, HuU. WANTED TO PURCHASE, a quantity of BEAUTY of HEBRON, WHITE ELEPHANT, and COVENT GARDEN PERFECTION POTATOS. Send price and particulars to a FIDLER, Fouto Grower, ReadinE. STOLEN.— A number of ADDRESSED COPIES of CARTERS' CATALOGUE of GARDEN SEEDS (or 1885 having been STOLEN from their Warehouse Messrs. Carter & Co. respectfully ask those Customers who have net received I he bjok to communicate to them, in order that a fresh copy may be posted. JAMES CARTER and CO., Seedsmen, by Royal Warrant, to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, 237 and 338, High Holbom, London, W.C. OSE TREES, I2J. per dozen. Standards of all the leading kinds, with splendid heads and all true to name. Delivered by rail. Cash with order. H. JARVIS, Gardener, Mortlvals, Little Canfield, Essex. FlEtnes (Platanus occidentaUs) RUMSKY can offer the above by the dozen, ico or loco, from 6 to 12 feet. Prices on 1. JOVNING'S Nurseries, Waltham Cross. Standard-tratned Peaches and Nectarines. CHARLES TURNER has still a large stock of the above of various heights, and fine trees. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.— Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write for R. H.VERTEGANS" Pocket CATALOGUE, and make your choice from his unrivalled Collection. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. THE LIVERPOOL ^HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully ' ripened, andare ^eady to start immediately into growth, ; . ' ■ CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied. YT!i.LAr)IOXL— Twenty Acres. The largest VX collection in Euiope. CATALOGUES free, with Cultural Directions. . KELWAY AND SON. Langport. Somerset. Trade Price Current. PETER LAWSON and SON (Limited), Edifibnrgh.willbeglad to Post their CATALOGUE of Garden'and Field Seeds upm apphcation. Bbododendruns. IRELAND AND THOMSON have a. mag- ni6cent collection of all the finest named varieties covered with flow.er-buds, also many' thousands of Seedlipgs. Hybrids and Poniicums. Samples and Prices on application. Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre, Granton Road, Edinburgh. Garden and Flower Seeds. JOHN DOWN IE, SeedsiMAN, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, begs to intimate that he is now sending out the finest stock of the above that money can buy, and as J. D. is now in business solely on his own account, the most of the Flower Seeds have been saved under his own supervision,' and may be thoroughly relied upon. GRAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant- ing Canes; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond. Surrey. OR SALE, CUCUMBER and STRAW- BERRY PLANTS, also CAMELLIAS from 3 to 7 feet high, EUCHARIS AMAZONICA, from 32 to No. 4 pots GARDENIAS, from 48 to No. ta pots. G. WALKLING, College Paik Nursery, Lewisham, S.E. BUNDANCE PEA. First-dass Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. Introduced by us last season. A few bushels to spare : grown from original stock. Price 00 application. HOWCROFT AND WATKINS, Covent Garden, London.W.C. ILLIAM FLETCHER has a quantity of Maiden PEACHES. NECTARINES, APRICOTS, APPLES, PLUMS, and PEARS, also Trained APRICOTS and PEARS. Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey. To the Trade. BROAD BEANS. HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of • WINDSOR and LONGPOD BEANS to offer. Samples and Prices may be had on application. Seed Growing Establit-hment. Wivbech. AULIFLOWER PLANTS, Autumn-Sown, strong, 21. W. 120. i8f. 1200. CABBAGE PLANTS, HERBS, LETTUCE, &c., PLANTS, cheap, carriage paid. LIST free of EDWARD LEIGH, Ivy House. Cranleigh, Surrey. SPARAGUS.— Strong 2-yr. and 3-yr. Con- no ver's Colossal, 2J. and 2J. td. per loo, 15.1. and aoi. per I coo. Bags included. Special quotations for large quantities. E. QUINCEY, Fulney, Spalding- SPARAGUS, grand Roots for Forcing, is. per dozen. 12J. 6rf. per ico ; strong, for planting, is. td. per 100. SEAKALE. forcing, is, 6d. per dozen, i6j. per 100; planting. iS. per dozen, 12s. 6d. per 100. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. 1 66 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 7, 1885. SALES BY AUCTION. Monday Next.-(Sale No. 6840.) 5000 LILIUM AURATUM and MANY OTHER BULBS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on MONDAY NEXT, February 9, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, an importation of 5C00 LILIUM AURA- TUM, just received from Japan, in the finest possible con- dition ; lo.cooSouth African TUBEROSES, 3103 GLADIOLI, ol sorts; 7000 Berlin LILY OF THE VALLEY Crowns, 600 GLOXINIAS, BEGONIAS, and AMARYLLIS; a large quantity of LILIUM HUMBOLDTII, COLCHICUM. GI- OANTEUM, and many others ; a few BORDER PLANTS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next.-(Sale No. 6842.) ROSES, FRUIT TREES, PLANTS. SiC. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covenl, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February ii, at half-pa t 12 o'clock precisely, 1200 first-class ROSES, including most of the best sorts ; 800 FRUIT TREES, in great variety ; Ornamental and FlowerinR SHRUBS and CLIMBERS, choice named BORDER PLANTS, LILIES. GLADIOLI, and other BULBS and ROOTS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6843 ). ARAUCARIAS, as received. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C.. on THURSDAY NEXT, February iz, several cases of ARUCARIAS. as received, each containing several hundred plants in fiae condition. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6843 ) WHITE L/ELIA ANCEPS, in magnificent masses. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C , by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co., on THURSDAY NEXT, February 12, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, a grand importation of the beautiful and rare WHlfE L.«LIA ANCEPS, including magnificent masses, many of them with several hundred Bulbs in splendid condition, the finest importation ever introduced. (See dried fijwers). ALoODnNTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (Alexandra;), the finest type possible to collect, grand masses and in splendid condition; ONCIDIUM KRAMERIANUM whh perfect leaves, CATTLEYA 'TRIAN/E, L.liLIA SPECIES found growing with the White Laelia, very distinct looking ; L. AUTUMNALIS, received as atrorubens ; EPIDENDKUM NEMORALE, &c. : also established MASDEVALLIA RACEMOSA CkOSSII. M. SHUTTLEWORTHII, M. TROCHILUS, M. SCHLIMII, M, MACRURA, and M. HARKYANA. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Flowering OrcUds. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce th.at his NEXT S.\LE of FLOWERING ORCHIDS wi;l take place on WEDNESDAY, February i3. Gentlemen desirous of entering plants lor this Sale will please send par- ticulars not later than THURSDAY NEXT. Auction Rooms and Offices, 38, King's St., Covent Garden, W.C. Tuesday Next. ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR,«. L/ELIA ANCEPS ALBA, in Flower. ,, „ WILLIAMSIANA, in Flower. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G.. on TUESDAY NEXT, February 10, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, a remarkably fine importation ol ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/E, of the best type and in superb masses ; L.^I,IA ANCEPS ALBA, in Flower ; and ODONTOGLOSSUM ROSSI MAJUS, splendid varieties, in Flower, from Messrs. Fred. Horsman & Co., Colchester; also a fine plant of L^LIA ANCEPS WILLIAMSIANA, with ten bulbs, in Flower— another property. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and fS, Cheapside, E.G.. on TUESDAY NEXT, Febiu,»ry 10, a fine lot of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from various owners, including many fine specimens, amongst which may be mentioned :- Angraecum sesquipedale (fine specimen) Cattleya Skinneri alba Dendrobium Schroderi, and others. Masdevallia Trochilus ,, macrura Schomburghia Lyonsi Cypripedium Crossianum Lailia elegans alba Ctclogyne Lemoineana On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. LILIUM AURATUM, PLANTS, and ROSES, MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February ir, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, 10,000 very fine Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, juiit arrived from Japan in splendid condition ; a consignment of AZALEA INDXCA and A. MOLLIS, RHODODENDRONS, PALMS of sorts, DRAC/ENAS and other PLANTS from Belgium ; 400 Stan- dard and other ROSES from a well known English nursery, 20CO Berlin Crowns of LILY of the VALLEY, 2000 Double African TUBEROSES, loooGLADIOLUS GANDAVENSIS of soits, CHRISTMAS ROSES, a fine assortment of the best varieties of hardy English-grown LILIES, the beautiful L. NEILGHERRENSE, and various PLANTS and BULBS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. LILIUM AURATUM. -TO THE TRADE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, io,coo exceedingly fine BULBS, just received from Japan in splendid condition. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. L/ELIA ANCEPS-New White Type. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUC- TION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT. February 13, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, a truly grand importation of a magnificent L/ELIA ANCEPS, White Type. 'The flowers are very large and fine, petals very broad and pure white, and the flowers are nearly 5 inches across ; lip pure white, the throat dark crimson, veined and blotched, the colouring being most vivid. A large quantity of dried flowers on view will convey an adequate idea of the great beauty and value of this species. The plants were col- lected by Mr. Arnold, and are in grand order, great masses being among them. Also three unsold masses of L/ELIA ANCEPS SANDERIANA, a grand lot of L. ALBIDA, ANGULOA CLOWESII,a very large and magnificent lot of a superb type of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/E, O. TRIUMPHANS, WARSCEWICZF,LLA WENDLANDI, EPIDENDRUM MACROCHILUM, SOBRALIA VIR- GINALIS, and many other fine things. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Deal, Kent.- Important Clearance Sale. By order ot the Executors of the late Mr. W. H. Newing. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed tJ SELL by AUCTION, on the P.e- mises, Ihe Field, Middle Deal, and St. Andrew's Nurseries, close to St. Andrew's Church, Deal, on WEDNESDAY, February 18, at 12 o'CIock precisely, without reserve, the whole of the thriving NURSERY STOCK, comprising acoa Border Shrubs, in fine condition for removal ; Hollies, Laurustinus, Auriculas, Laurels. 5000 fine Euonymus, Ornamental Trees, Fruit Trees, Roses, and an assortment of Deciduous Shrubs. May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre- mises; of Messrs. MERCER. EDWARDS and CO., Solicitors, 19 and 20, Queen Street, Deal ; and of the Auctioneers ana Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside. E.C. N.B.— The Two NURSERIES, with the Glass Erections TO BE LET, on most advantageous terms, either separately or together. Full particulars of the Auctioneers. 'Warmtnster, Wilts! Re J. Wheeler.— In Liquidation.— IM PORTANT SALE of VALUABLE FREEHOLD PROPERTIES. To Nurserymen, Builders, and Others. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS {in conjunction with Messrs, Harding & Sons) are in- structed to SELL by AUCTION, at the " Bath Arms " Hotel, Warminster, on TUESDAY, March 3, at 3 o'CIock precisely, by order of the Trustees, the valuable Freehold NURSERY GROUNDS, with comfortable DWELLING-HOUSES, OUT- BUILDINGS and OFFICES, extensive HOTHOUSE and GREENHOUSE ERECTIONS. Brick PITS, &c, and the GOODWILL of the Old-established BUSINESS; also several productiveGARDENS.possessingchoice FREEHOLD BUILDING SITES, the whole conveniently situate in the Town of Warminster, near the Railway Station, and only three hours' journey from London. Offering an excellent opportunity to Nurserymen requiring a thoroughly genuine Old-established Business and others desirous of securing Land in the best part of the Town for Building Purposes. "The purchaser or pur- chasers of these Properties will have the great advantage of securing, at unreserved Auction prices, any of the Trees and Shrubs growing in the Grounds at the extensive SALE of NURSERY STOCK, commencing WEDNESDAY. March 4. Particulars and Conditions of Sale may be had on the Pre- mises, at the place of Sale, of Messrs. SPARKES and POPE. Solicitors, Exeter and Crediton ; of Messrs. CHILTON and GREEN-ARMYTAGE, Solicitors, Bristol ; of Messrs. WAKE- MAN and BLACK. Solicitors, Warmmster : of Messrs. HARDING AND SONS. Auctioneers. Frome and Warminster ; and of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Warminster, Wilts. A"^ James Wheeler.— In Liquidation.— GREAT CLEARANCE SALE of about 40 ACRES of NURSERY STOCK. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS (in conjunction with Messrs. Harding & Sons) will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the various Nurseries situate at or near Warminster, on WEDNESDAY, March 4, and following days, at 12 o'CIock precisely each day, without the least reserve, the whole of the valuable NURSERY STOCK, extending over 40 Acres, including an enormous num- ber of Trees and Shrubs of young growth, and an extraordinary stock of large Conifers, Evergreen and Deciduous Shrubs, in- valuable to Noblemen, Gentlemen, and others largely engaged in planting. The Stock includes 5002 Green Hollies, i to 2 feet ; 3600 English Yews, 2J4 feet ; 30,000 Common and Caucasican Laurels, 9 inches to 3 feet ; 7000 Portugal Laurels, I4,c03 Firs and Pines, 10,000 hybrid and named Rhododendrons, i to 5 feet ; 50,000 Larch, 2 to 5 feet ; 7000 Privet, 15,000 Thorns, ij^ to 2 feet; 20,000 Hazel, ij^ to 4 feet ; 35,000 Ornamental and Forest trees, such as Limes, Beech, Poplars. Oaks, Chestnuts, &c. : 8000 Standard and Pyramid Apples and Pears, 20:10 Stan- dard and Dwarf Roses, GREENHOUSE PLANTS, and other Stock, too numerous to mention. May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises; of Messrs. SPARKES and POPE, Solicitors, Exeter and Crediton; Messrs. CHILTON and GREEN-ARMYTAGE. Solicitors, Bristol; Messrs. WAKEMAN and BLACK. Solicitors, Warminster ; W. H. PHILLIPS, Esq., Chartered Accountant, 1, Small Street, Bristol ; Messrs. HARDING and SONS, Auctioneers, Frome and Warminster; and of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Auctioneers and Valuers. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. BarneB, Surrey.— Short Notice of Sale. MELADY'S WHITE HART LANE NURSERY. A few paces from the " Edinburgh Castle " Tavern, midway between Barnes Terrace and Upper Richmond Road. To GENTLEMEN, NURSERYMEN, and OTHERS re- quiring the choicest kinds of FRUIT TREES, in right condition for moving, also CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, PINKS, CLOVES, TULIPS, and other Flowers in pots. MR. J. A. SMITH has received instructions from Mr. Meladay, to SELL by AUCITON, on the Premises, as above, on TUESDAY, February 24, at i o'CIock precisely, the whole of the NURSERY STOCK— Fruit Trees of named and choice sorts ; Flowers, Slirubs, Plants, six pieces of Asparagus, 500 Fruit Trees, including Marie Louise, Beurrd Diel, and other Pears ; Cox's Pippin, Flower of Kent, Blenheim Orange and other Apples ; Victoria. Magnum, and Green Gage Plums : Lee's Red Grape and Black Currants, Gooseberries — all selected sorts ; Poplars, Horse Chcsnuts, Lilacs, Laburnum, Arbor-vitae ; Oval-leaf Privet, 4 (eet high ; Moss and other Roses, Cloves, fine specimen plants of Camellias and Azaleas, in pots ; nearly new Span-roof Propagating House, 36 ft. X 15 ft., as fitted and heated with hotwaler ; the 36 ft. X 25 ft. Span- roof Conservatory, as fitted complete ; large three-light frame, and sixteen 2-iD. glazed lights. Viewed the day prior and morning of Sale, Catalogues on the Premises ; at the Bull's Head Omnibus Station ; and at Mr. J. A. SMITH'S Auction [ and Estate Offices, 58, King Street, East Hammersmith, W. To Market Gardeners, Fmlt and Flower Growerp. _ 'R. H. J. E. BRAKE will SELL by! M AUCTION, on MONDAY. February 9. at the " Royal [ Swan " Hotel, Blackwater. Hants, at 4 for 5 o'CIock. several I Plots of LAND at Crowthome, Berks, and near to the Welling- I ton College and Station, suitable for Market Gardening and Horticultural purposes, in plots from a Quarter of an Acre to ' 12 Acres. May be paid for by Instalments. Plans, Particulars, and Conditions on application, or by Post, of the Auctioneer, Famborough. Hants. WANTED, a FLORIST'S BUSINESS. -Address FLORIST, 26. Weston Street, Upper Norwood. S.E. O BE DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE i and RETAIL SEED BUSINESS. A splendid going concern. One of the finest in existence, dcing a large and profitable trade. An unusual opportunity. Apply (by letter only) to Messrs. PROTHEROE and 1 MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. f^ro BE DISPOSED OF, a First-class \ FLORIST, SEED, and JOBBING BUSINESS, in j. main thoroughfare, about 7 miles from London. All in good working order. Address L., Nurseryman. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. TO BE^ DISPOSED Of7 a NURSERY, SEED, and CUT FLOWER BUSINESS, doing a first class trade in one of the best manufacturing districts in the North of England, consisting of Pinery, three large Vineries, two Peach Houses, and the following Houses, all separate, Camellia and Lapageria. Eucharis and Melon. Rose and Show, with Seed Shop. Pits and Frames. Stable, Packing Sheds, and a good Dwelling Hou^e. All well fitted up, in good repair, and - first-class working order. Well stocked with plants. All Free- hold property standing on an acre of ground. Satisfactory reasons given for owner's selling. For particulars apply to HURST and SON, 151, Hounds- ditch, London, E. To Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners, and OthorflT FLORIST'S BUSINESS. FOR SALE, by Private Treaty, as a going concern, all that welt known and remunerative FREE- HOLD BUSINESS PREMISES, called Guildford Street Nurseries, within two minutes' walk of the Barton Railway. Station, Hereford, the property of Uriah Hain, Florist, who is relinquishing business on account of declining years. The Property comprises a modern and substantially brick-built Resi- dence, called Blenheim House, with several Perches of Free- hold Garden Ground, a number of Span-roof and Lean-to Glass Houses, with Hot-water and other Heating Apparatus, Hot and Cf-ld Pits, and Potting Sheds ; togetht r with the Stock-in-Tradc, consisting of a well-grown and healthy lot of Beddiiig, miscel- laneous assortment of useful Greenhouse and Hardy Outdoor Plants, in popular demand ; small collection of useful Nursery Stock, Horticultural Requisites, Tools, and absolute Goodwill. A splendid opportunity for an enterprising young manor gentle- man's gardener with small capital desirous of retiring from service. One-half or so of purchase money can remain on mort- gage, if required. For further particulars, apply to GEO. H. BARLOW, Estate and Property Agent, Hereford. Pottery and Brickwork. Near three Railway Stations, in a good neighbourhood, and within 6 miles of the City. TO BE LET on LEASE, or FREEHOLD SOLD, a well-established increasing BUSINESS, com- prising nearly 9 Acres very superior quality of Clay. Machinery all modem, and in full work. Advantageous terms. Apply to Mr. E. JACKSON, Land Agent, 15, King Street, Cheapside, London, E.C. Importani; to Florists, Nurserymen. Market GROWERS and OTHERS. TO BE LET, on LEASE, or SOLD with possession, the valuable FREEHOLD ESTATE known as Osborn's Nursery, Sunbury, Middlesex, comprising 17 Acres of excellent Land with Dwelling-house. Stabling, Sheds, and all the extensive range of modern and recently-erected Green- houses. The Estate having a frontage of irco feet to the high road, possesses a great prospective value for Building purposes. Full particulars may be obtained of Messrs, PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florl&t and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C. RAL Pottery Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisite. Swan Place, Old Kent Road, S.E. Established 1854. SPECIAL TRADE OFFER.— Three Acres of Connover's COLOSSAL ASPARAGUS PLANTS, on land that must be cleared ; 2-yr., 9;, per loco ; 3-yr., i \s, per loco ; 4-yr., 15J. per 1000, The very best money can buy. Cash with orders. Packing free. R. LOCKE, Redhill. Surrey. ULBS for SPRING PLANTING, of all sorts. JAPANESE MAPLES, JAPANESE LILIES, choice .Seeds of our own saving ; choice New Zealand Seeds ; NEW MAGNOLIAS, ZAMIaS from the Cape, North Americin Hardy Plants; CALOCHORTI. FREESIAS, GLADIOLI, &c. See our Spring LIST, No. 72. just issued. NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY. Colchester. To Noblemen and Others Planting. &c. FOR IMMEDIATE SALE, lo magnificent Specimen WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA, over 6 feet high, in perfect health, shape and fuliage — such handsome trees seldom seen; 10 good Silver V.iriegated Japanese MAPLES. from 4 to 8 feet high (grafted), and about 20 fine shaped Purple BEECH — all moved within the last year. Also 5 immense Specimens of ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, over 30 inches through — these are fit for high competition. The above, the property of a Lady, are for Immediata Disposal. Price, ftc, address letter only to R. GARDINER, care of T. Smith, 15, Wine Office Com Fleet Street, London, E.C. JOHN KENNARD'S Horticultu f-' SuNDKiHS, Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Po February 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 167 PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CBOSS. . PAUL & SON Respectfully invite attention to the following SPECIALTIES :- AULS'-Roses-WALTHAM CROSS. STANDARDS .. from 151. del. DWARF STANDARDS „ loj. „ DWARFS 61. „ CLIMBING 6j. ,. KORCING, inoots.. ,, its. ., SEW VARIETIES „ an. „ SPECIMENS .. „ 5».each The Rest Garden, by Wm. Paul, F.L.S.,8ch edition, with plates, 2M. The same without plates, iaf> &/. The Rose Annvnl, with plates, six parts, ^s. each. Roses in Pats, 6th edition, in the press. Roses and Rcse Culture, 3th edition, ij. PAULS'-Seeds-WALTHAM CROSS. of every description of the first quality, and tow in price. VEGETABLE SEEDS in- clude BEET, Paul's Crim.'ion, ii.M. per 02. CAULIFLOWER, superb Hertfordshire. \s. td. per pkt. CU- CUMBER, Paul's Telegraph Im- pr.ived, i^ kd. per packet. FLOWER SEEDS include the finest Florist's Strains of CALCEO- LARIAS, CINERARIAS.CYCLA- MEN, PRIMULAS. ASTERS, BALSAMS. STOCKS. Ac. MUSHROOM SPAWN, sj. per bushel. MATS.KNIVES.GLOVES. TOOLS, and every garden requisite, PAULS' - Bulbs - WALTHAM CROSS. LILIUM AURATUM, u. lo 2J.6^. each, Qf. to 241. per dozen. LILlUMS ID vaiiety, ^d. to 5J. each, 3J. to 6oj. per dozen. LILY of the VALLEY, fine crowns, ^s. €d per 100. GLADIOLI, a fine collection, 2s. to iZs. per dozen, GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYEN- SIS, splendid roots, is. 3d. per dozen, ys. 6d. per loo, ANEMONES, RANUNCULUS- ES, and other Bulbs for spring planting, good and cheap. -WALTHAM CROSS. PAULS'-Camellias- The largest and finest stock in Europe. Good plants, from 2is, per dozen ; specimens from i to 30 gs. each. AZALEAS. Winter - blooming HEATHS, EPACRISES, GAR- DENIAS. STEPHANOTIS, LAPAGERIAS, and other STOVt and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. HERBACEOUS choice collection. PLANTS — a PAULS' - Trees - WALTHAM CROSS. PLANES. LIMES.and other AVENUE and PARK TREES ..from laj. doz. WEEPING TREES „ 151. „ FLOWERING SHRUBS .. EVERGREEN PICTORIALTREES ^l RHODODEN 3or. ICO ^5 » DRONS, Seed- lings .. .. ,, 25J. ,, ,, named sorts . . ,, i8f. doz. CLIMBING PLANTS „ 91. ., Planting d>ne by Estimate or Contract. PAULS'-FruitTrees-WALTHAM CROSS. APPLES. PEARS, CHERRIES, PLUMS, Standards, from iSJ- doz. „ P/tamids ,, \-2s ,. „ Dwarf trained ,, a^s. .. APRICOTS. PEACHES am NEC- TARINES. Dwarf-traiQcd. from 42s. per dozen. ,, Standard-trained, 10*. 6o ; 2 to 3 feet, i-js, per loao ; English, 3 feet, 251. per 1000. CHESTNUT, Spanish, 2 to 3 feet, 21s. per 1000 ; 15 to 20 inches, i6r. per IC03. LARCH, 14 to 24 inches, i2j. 6rf. per icoo : 2 to 2J4 feet, i&i. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, i8j. per 1000 ; 4 to 5 feet, 24J. per icoj. SPRUCE Flk, i to ij^ foot, 125 per looo ; i^ to 2 feet. 13^. per icoo ; 2 to 2]^ feet, bushy, 16s. per 1000. SCOTCH FIR, i-yr, 2 yr. transplanted, i2j. per icco ; 2 to 2% and 3 feet. i?s. per loco. SILVER FIR, 4 yr. trans- planted, 221 per icoo, HAZb^L, 2 to 3 feet, 20^. per 1000. Oaks, 18 to 23 inches, i6j. per loco ; 2 feet, 20J. per loco. PRIVET, Evergreen. 2 feet. 15J. per 1000; i to 1J2 foct. 12s. per IOOO ; OVALI FOLIUM, 2 10 2j4 feet, 3&1. per 1003; Oval, I foot, aos. per 1000. SYCAMORE. ij4 to 2 feet, 141. f er loco. THORNS, iM to 2 feet, \3s. 6d. per icoo ; 2 to 2J2 feet, i6s. per icoo : 3 to 2% feet. iBs. per lo-o. CATALOGUES on applicaticn to GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer N.B. WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, have now a demand for Tuberoses, Arum Lilies, White Bouvardias, good Roses. &c. ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, ate open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMEN IS of Tu- matos, Cucumbers, Gros Colmar, AlicaDte, and Muscat Grapes. SQUELCH AND B A R N H A M, Long Market.CoventGarden. London, W.C, REQUIRE a quantity of fine Muscats, for which they can offer good prices, also fine Black Grapes, Tomatos. Cucumbers, choice Flowers, &c. QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M, giving personal attention to all consignments, they are thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M. ACCOUNT SALES sent daUy, and CHEQUES forwarded weekly. BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES. BASKETS and LABELS supplied. MR. LAXTON'S SPECIALTIES FOR 1885. For particulars with Prices of — NEW PEAS- EVOLUTION, LORD BACON, and EARLIEST OF ALL; NEW RTJNNER BEANS- THE CZAR and GIRTFORD GIANT NEW LONOPOD BEAN- JOHN HARRISON; NEW POTATO— WHITE-SKINNED BEAUTY OF HEBRON . BEST ONION- SANDY PRIZE WHITE SPANISH; NEW TOMATOS- OPEN AIR, and THE CARDINAL; NEW GBEENS- GILBERT'S CHOU DE BURGHLEY and UNIVERSAL SAVOY ; BEST ASPARAGUS- EARLY PURPLE ARGENTEUIL; NEW APPLES- SCHOOLMASTER, &c. : NEW STRAWBERRIES- KING OFTHE EARLIES, and THE CAPTAIN NEW ROSES- BEDFORD BELLE, and GIPSY; NEW SWEET PEA— LAXTON'S INVINCIBLE CARMINE ; T/tt: stocks of several of w/iich are limited and aie fist selling out — APPLY TO — Thomas Laxton, Seed Grower, Bedford. SEEDS, VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM, Carefully Selected, AND FROM WHICH MAY BE EXPECTED THE BEST RESULTS EVER YET A1TA.INED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS and NURSERYMEN, WORCESTER. A SPECIALTY. Rhododendrons and other American Plants Grown in Sandy Loam. A superb Collection of all the leading varieties in cultivation. Also thousands of RHODODENDRON PONTICUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverts. A Sample Dozen of well-tudded Plants of tlie best varieties for 24s. Larger Sizes, from 30s. to 423. per dozen. Priced LISTS on application. JOHN CRANSTON KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD. THE NEW RASPBERRY LORD BEACONSFIELD (a Seedling). The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First- class Certificates. Royal Horticultural Society, 1883. Strong Canes, 15J. per dozen, £,^ 5J. per joa ; 4 feet Fruiting Canes 9J, per dozen, i,-^ per 100. Usual allowance to the Trade. A. FATILENOR, INKPEN, HUNGERFORD. i68 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Fkbroary 7, 1885. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— I offer 35 varieties, selected in China and J^paii, which for sixe of flower, freedom of growth, and distinct colours, sur- pass the older varieties. Four Certificates of Merit in New York, Dec. a. Price 5or. the set. Usual terms to the Trade. LIST on appHcatioD to H. WATERER, Importer of Plants and Bulhs, 3809, Pewelton Avenue. Philadelphia, U.S.A. Wholesale List of Vegetable Seeds. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to • forward their WHOLESALE LIST of Home Grown VEGETABLE SEEDS to those who have not yet received it. It comprises all the best varieties in cultivation, and the quality of the seeds is exceptionally good. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. BIES DOUGLASII, \\ to 2 feet, 25^. per 100 ; 3 to ^% feet, 331. per loo ; 3 to 4 feet, 605. per 100 ; by the thousand, finely finished and rooted. ARAU- CARIA IMBRICATA. 18 to 20 inches, 241. per dozen : 2 to 2^ !eet, 425. per dozen ; 3 feet, extra, 605. per dozen : each size by the thousand. CEDRUS DEODARA, 4 to 5 feet, 30J. per dozen. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS. 2 to 1% feet. tos. per icx). CUPRESSUS LAWSONII, 2"^ to 3 feet, 6oj. per 100 ; C. GRACILIS, distinct, \%. foot, its. per dozen : C STRICTA, a to 2j'2 feet, the finest upright. i2i. per dozen ; C. FUNE- BRIS, scarce, \% foot, 155. per dozen. PICEA NOBILIS. 3 to 4 feet, 60J. per dozen; P. NORDMANNIANA, i foot, fine, 50J. per 100 ; x% to a feet. 15J. per dozen ; 6 feet, extra, 845, per dozen. PINUS EXCELSA, a feet, %s. per dozen; P. INSIGNIS, I foot. 3or. per 100 ; 6 fo 8 inches, i6j. per ico. THUIA LOBBII, 10 to IS inches : special by the 1000, the best substitute for Larch. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, I to 4 feet, each size in thousands. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer. N.B. ENDER'S STRAIN of NEW FRINGED PETUNIAS.— After great care and attention we have obtained beautifully fringed flowers of our strain of Petunias. The Double Seed will turn out a good percentage of fine double Mnged flowers, often far superior to named varieties. The Singles (now oflered for the first time) are magnificent, Howers large and finely fringed. Colours very rich and varied in markings. Double. 3r. ^d. per packet ; singles, 2J. (>d. per packet. HENDER'S BALSAMS, double, eightvars., as. 6d. per packet. HENDER'S PETUNIA GRANDIFLORA. singles, 25. per packer. HENDER AND SONS. Nursery. Plymouth. ANDRE LEROY'S Nurseries, at Angers, France, the largest and richest io Europe in Collec- tions of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES. SHRUBS. CAMELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES, &c CATALOGUES sent on application. Freieht from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris in 1878. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SCULL, 93, Lower Thames Street, London. E.C. New, Cbolce, and Rare Seeds. W THOMPSON, Seedsman, 34, Tavern • Street, Ipswich, beRS to inform his numerous Patrons and Amateur Horticulturists in general, that the Thiitieth Edition of CATALOGUE of Flower Seeds is now ready, and will be stQt to any intending purchaser, post'fiee. It includes many seeds not to be had elsewhere. H. ROGERS, Red Lodge Nursery, • Southampton, has a 5ne stock of the following articles, which he can offer at low prices ; — RHODODENDRONS. Standard and Dwarf, named, all the best sort.*:, mostly with blooming bud^. AZALEA PONTICA. MOLLIS, and AMfENA. PERNETTVA MUCRONATA, several sizes. ERICAS, Hardy, including CODONOIDES. GAULTHERIA SHALLON, strong clumps. SKIMMIA lAPONICA, OBLATA, and FRAGRANS. GRISLIENJA LITrORALIS. in pots, i foot, fine. EUONYMUS AUREA MARGINATA, in pots, i foot. „ RADICANS VARIEGATA. nice bushy plants. MENZIESIA POLIFOLIA ALBA and RUBRA. ANDROMEDA FORMOSA, i to 3 feet. LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 2feet. JAPONICUM, in pots, i to iji foot. RYA " -■ ■ EURYA LATI FOLIA VARIEGAfA, in pots, i to 2 feet. EL,«AGNUS REFLEXA VARIEGATA, t to 3 feet. COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA and SIMONSII. ESCALLONIA MACRANTHA, in pots, strong, i loot. OLEARIA HAASTII, i to 3 feet in pots. OSMaNTHUS ILICIFOLIUS and VARIEGATUS. BUDLEIA GLOBOSA, 2 feet. AUCUBA, of sorts, very fine. 1 to 2 feet. MESPILUS CANADENSIS, < to 6 feet. THORNS, Sinele and Double Scarlet. CHERRIES, Double Blossom. FURZE, Spanish and Double, in pots. BERBERIS DARWINII, I to z'A foot, bushy, fine. ., fine fruiting variety (deciduous). LAURELS and LAURUSTINUS. COB NUTS, wonderful free-bearing sorts. APPLES and PEARS. Espaher and Pyramidal. CUPRESSUS MACROCARPA, 2 to 4 feet, well-rooted. „ LAWSONIANA, 2tod. per dozen, j6j. per loo ; cuttings, \s. dd. per dozen, loi. per loo ; W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe, Kent. To the Trade Only. FERNS — FERNS — FERNS. — Adiantum cuneatum, A. Irapeziforme, A. ^racillimum, Lomaria gibba, Lastrea aristata variegata, Ptens serrulata ciistata Cowani, P. serrulata : nice plants, in 6o's, 20X. per 100. Adiantum cuneatum, A. gracillimura, A. trapeziforme, in 4 and 4I4 inch pots, 40J. to 501. per 100, according to size ; Adiantum Pacotti, in 6o*s, 30J. per 100 ; ditto, in 4 and 4^ inch pots, soj. per 100. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. Qohn Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool. LARCH, strong transplanted, 2 to 3 and 3 to 4 feet. QUICK WOOD, 4 and ^ years, extra trans- planted. FOREST TREES and FRUIT TREES, strong transplanted. W. JACKSON AND CO., Nurseries, Bedale, have the above to dispose of this season, at very moderate prices on applica- tion.— Feb. 7. 1885. TSAAC DAVIES AND SON have still a i large surplus stock of RHODODENDRONS. Hybrid Seedlings and named kinds, well set with buds; AZALEA MOLLIS. DAVIESII,and other choice varieties ; DAPHNE MEZEREUM. white and red; SKIMMIA JAPONICA, and ERICA HERDACEA ALBA (now in (lower). Also Sweet-scented RHODODENDRONS, and other Choice Hybrids, well set with buds. Priced CATALOGUE on application. Ormslcirlc, Lancashire. Forcing Asparagus. RAND G. NEAL beg to ofier the above • by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans- planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also beg to cal' iheattention of Nurserymen, Builders, and others to their exctMUonally fine Stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. The Niuseries, Wandsworth Common, S. W, SEED POTATOS Send for DesaHpiive Catalogue OF NEARLY ALL THE BEST AND NEWEST VAEIETIES IN COMSIEBCE, EITHER FOR EXHIBITION PURPOSE?, OR FOR GARDEN OR FIELD CULTIV.'^TION. LIBERAL TERMS to TRADE BUYERS. JOHN WATKINS, Fruit and Potato Grower, POMONA FARM, WITHINGTON, HEREFORD. Great Reduction in Prices. Twenty per Cent, allowed ojf Catalogue Prices for Cash. Free on Kail, Colchester Station. No extra charge for Packing. COLCHESTER ROSES Have been made famous all over the World by BENJAMIN R. CANT, The Old Established and Celebrated ROSE GROWER, COLCHESTER. WINNER Of the CHAMPION CUP of the NATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY THREE YEARS in SUCCESSION. * CATALOGUES post-free, on application. * Purchasers of Vegetable Seeds Ai'e reminded tliat the ONLY "PRIX DHONNEUR," AMSTERDAM, 1884, Was AWARDED to /-» A P T p p O ' PURE VEGETABLE FEEDS. 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBOHN, LQVDON. lilustrated Cat^losrues Grrtlis r.nd Po3t Free. SPECIAL OFFER OF ORNAMENTAL TREE 3 and SHRUBS, ROSES and ERUIT TREES of aU kinds, FOREST TREES, &c., AH well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices {free on application). WALTER CHAS. SLOCOCK, Goldworth "Old" Nursery, WOKING, SURREY. ALPINE PLANTS, HARDY PERENNIALS, AND FLORISTS' FLOWERS. yAS. BACKHOUSE & SON'S Revised and Enlarged ILLUSTRATED and DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE Of the above, with Cultural Notes of the Soil, Situation, &c., is now ready, 56 pp., double columns, price 6d., post-free, gratis to customers. N.B.— The above has now been posted to all our Customets. In case of any omission an intimation is requested, when another copy will be forwarded free. catalogues of FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS, HARDV TREES and SHRUBS. FRUIT TREES and ROSES, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c., will be sent gratis on application. JAS. BACKHOUSE & SON, THE NURSERIES, YORK. Fbbruary 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 171 To the Trade. VINES. — VINES. — VINES. STRONG PLANTING CANES, 31. each. EXTRA STRONG FRUITING CANES, 51. each. Well ripened and short -jointed, CALDWELL and SONS, The Nurseries, Knulsford, Che.-hire. To Osier Qrowers, Basket Makers, and Nurserymen. BRADFORD AND SONS, Yeovil, Somerset, now Grow and Cut yearly 100 acres and upwards of OSIER BEDS, and will quote prices to the Trade, according to quantity required. Samples and prices of Osier '* Sets " on application. Packages and Parcels Post Free. PALMS, strong, healthy, splendidly foliaged. — Latania borbonica and Seaforthia elegans, ao inches high, I3f. per dozen ; sample plant, rj. %d ; Latania borbonica aad Seaforthia elegans. 12 inches high, 35t. per 100 ; sample dozen 4r. Postal Orders to The GARDENER. Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N. NOVELTIES for GLO.XINIA GESNERIOIDES, IJVVATERA ARBOREA /<0 VARIEGATA, /^ IMPATIENS SULTANI /\5. In " A Maiden's Song for her Dead Lover," more than 200 years ago, these lines show that the modern custom of using numerous kinds of flowers in honour of the dead was the old one too. The maiden says — " Let him Iiave faire flowers enough, White and purple, green and yellow. For him that was of men most true," On the grass - covered grave of Charles Kingsley at Eversley some of his humble parishioners, who loved the man and revered the spot where he rests, strewed many kinds of flowers, such as the Heath, Thyme, and Forget- me-Not, years after his death. Flowers used in honour of the dead may be looked upon as messages to the departed, and any pleasing flower may carry our unspoken thoughts as well as another. Mr. Friend observes that the tombs of Michelet, Baroche, and Thiers are still heaped up wiih flowers. It is touching to read occasional notices in the papers of the afflicted Empress — who, in her bereavement, is more welcome to our Queen than when she filled a throne— bearing wreaths to the chapel where her husband and son lie. The flowers may be costly, like those which were placed on behalf of the Queen on the bier of President Garfield, but they carry their message no better than the simplest flowers that grow. The Queen's wreath for the coffin of the young Prince Waldeniar was composed of white Roses, white Camellias, and Passionflowers. In the hour of mourning all give their best, as the poor old peasant woman did when, at the funeral of the Princess Alice, she timidly approached and laid by the side of the rare and costly flowers that well-nigh hid the pall from view, her wreath of Rosemary with two small white blosspms. Another pathetic touch of Nature is seen in the tribute of a shepherd on the death of his master's wife. Having asked permission to see her once more, he placed two Snowdrops in the coffin, observing, "She was fond of them." If it were not for the greenhouse flowers, such as the Eucharis, Stephanotis, white Lapageria, and others, the use of flowers would be more restricted. The white Chrysanthemums, which abounded last autumn were available, however, for the humblest country funerals. It is part of the business of florists to supply wreaths, but ladies in the country are often skilful in fashion- ing these sad but appropriate adornments ; and in a house of most sincere mourning for an aged but bright and much loved relative, the relief of mind occasioned by the making of wreaths and the arrangement ot flowers were manifest in the household, and when the wreaths and crosses covered the grave late on that grey and still November day, the one most admired was home-made. It was beautiful from con- trast, being composed entirely of autumn leaves and blushing Roses. In Germany garlands and crowns made of flowers are placed on the graves of young men and maidens. The author of F/owers and Flower Lore attended the funeral of a youthful damsel in Devonshire, and five such garlands of white flowers, each the present of a fiiend, were placed on the coffin and laid afterwards on the grave. Shakespeare says of Paris in Romeo and Juliet — " He came with flowers to strew his lady's grave." The poet knew the customs of his own country and that other countries share them. In Ireland, says an old writer, " when a virgin dies, a garland, made of all sorts of flowers and sweet herbs, is carried by a young woman on her head, before the coffin," and two other maidens went before with a basket of flowers which they strewed along the road. Such an observance must always be subject to the sea- son of the year, and accordingly it was said of a certain "faire and happy milkmaid," "All her care is that she may die in the spring time, to have store of flowers stuck upon her winding- sheet." In Wales, in the flower season, the coffin and room were bedecked and the grave overspread with flowers. Graves were again dressed in the same way on Whit Sunday and other festivals at the time of year when flowers abounded, and many kinds of sweet-scented flowers — but those only — were planted on the graves. Such flowers, especially the Pink or a sprig of Thyme, were gathered by friends and worn in remeinbrance. It was anciently be- lieved that Paradise was planted with sweet flowers. There can hardly be a Paradise on earth without them, and perhaps it may be the maimed life that must be led in great cities, where the culture of gardens is unknown, which has rendered them from Babylon downwards, as Edmund Burke protested, " Sinks of ini- quity and graves of genius.' If we attach a locality to Heaven, the streets we know by Revelation are paved with gold, and we may feel sure that flowers and gardens abound. No wonder that the love of flowers from the time of our first parents should be universal, and that it should have extended from that one spot in the East, the Garden of Eden, throughout the world, in every country among all people. Even the aborigines of Australia used green leaves at funerals, and a custoHr of""siTHilar " character prevailed among the native tribes of India, and the islanders of that Paradise in the Pacific, Tahiti, which Lady Brassey has described so well, excelled them all, as their climate enabled them to do, in the profusion o( wreaths and garlands of choice flowers. The Buddhists are lavish in this way, and their monasteries have large gardens, and Lotus ponds attached to them, for the provision of mortuary flowers without stint. The Periwinkle in Italy has gained the name of '■ Death Flower," and in Mexico the Indian Carnation is called the " Flower of the Dead." Among the Greeks the Amaranthus (" undy- ing "), or Prince's Feather, symbolises the im- mortality of the soul, and Mr. Friend mentions that the passage in St. Peter, "a crown of glory that fadeth not away," would be correctly translated, "an amaranthine crown of glory." Jlilton, in sublime verses, represents the angels in the act of adoration, wearing such crowns : — " Their crowns inwove with Amaranth and gold — Inmiortal Amaranth, a flower which once In Paradise fast by the tree of life Began to bloom." The use of evergreens alone has to some extent given place to floral decoration, among the wealthy at any rate, but only for the reason already intimated. All kinds of evergreens are excellent— Yew, Cypress, Arbor-vitic, Bay, Lo.x, or Myrtle,andmany others unknown by ourfore- fathers. As an emblem of Victory the Bay is par- ticularly appropriate as a funereal plant when the life of the departed has been long and merito- rious. It was thus used lately by one who placed sprigs of Bay where the shepherd placed the Snowdrops, without knowing at the time how widely the plant has been employed with a similar sentiment in England as well as other countries. H. K. The Tree Tomato (Cvphomandra betacka). — The plant (belonging to the natural order Sola- naceas) is of shrubby habit, and 5 or 6 (eet high. It is not generally known, and seldom used in Jamaica, but it is without a doubt a fruit that should be more largely cultivated, as it answers in every respect the purposes for which the ordinary Tomato is esteemed. Plants are easily raised from seed, which come into bearing in about two years. They are very prolific bearers, and the fruit is available during the winter months — November to March— when ordinary Tomatos are not so easily obtained. D, Morris. [A plant bearing fruit may now be seen in the Temperate-house at Kew. Ed.] m M.\SDEVALLIA ,\CR0CH0KUUN1A, KM. /. Xenia Orchictacca, ii., p. 213."^ " Masdevallia acro-acro-chor-donia ? " Ves, aero- chordonia, published as early as 1874 from a single specimen kindly given by Messrs. Backhouse & Sons, discovered in Ecuador, by Mr. Krause of Leipsic, who died as a doctor, a collector of Orchids and an officer of the Chilian navy, celebrated for his heroic deeds. It is very near Masdevallia Ephippium, Rchb. f., 1873, which is much better known by its later name as Masdevallia Trochilus, Lind., or even as Masdevallia Colibri (<•/(/.'). This last has a curious history. Gustav Wallis, its discoverer, sent a very glowing description to his patron, Director Linden, as travellers do but too often, over-e.\cited as they often are by their fatigues and hunger and thirst. Having seen some metallic sheen on the flower, he compared it to that of a humming-bird, and by-and- bye imagined the flower was of the finest blue! "How blue!" {Wie blau '.") say Berlin people when they allude to something they do not believe, and in the Berlin sense the stately flower was blue indeed. (Now poor Gustav Wallis, of course, did not behave as the collector who sent to his patron a big mass of Cattleya Trianas and suggested that the proprietor of a /jac/tnijii hjd asserted that the flowers might be snow- white. AndVIJen they flowered they were purple. Now my Masdeva)!'^ acrochordonia is quite the worthy sister of M. Ephippi"™. though it never was declared to be blue. It has (aliy^ys?) narrower leaves. The petals are acuminate. The ''P '^ much narrower with an undulate median keel on 'he upper part and an acuminate lop. The inner surf^*-^ °' 'he sepals shows numerous warts. The usual Rumber of flowers appears to be six to ten. I have, howi'Y^'' ^ peduncle with vestiges of more than fifteen flowe'f§.l-)» whereas my richest peduncle of Masdevallia Ephipf'"'" shows the scars of more than twenty-one Bowers, y"' might guess such a peduncle had lasted a year, thd^E" with us nobody would permit the plant to be so Ion,? * "■"= in flower provided it were not of an exctfP"""*' strength. The plant has at last appeared in EiJ'^P*- Mr. F. Sander has a few living plants, the remair'"*" of hundreds and hundreds gathered and sent b'^ ^^' Iliibsch. That is the final lot of those l"**')' things. H. G. Kchb.f. Dendrouiu.m euosmu.m, hyl. artif. This is a new Veitchian production, a hyb?'" °^' tween Dendrobium endocharis and D. nobile. ^"® flower is cream-coloured, and marked with hne purple. The tips ol the median sepal and of thf P^'^ ^ purple. The disc in the middle of the '"P '"^n purple, as also the apex. There are purple Parallel veins on each side near to the superior outer inargm. A white cushion of hairy bodies is set before tP^ o:^^c in the mid, and numerous parallel longitudina* stripes before. Column light green, with purple long''"^'""' lines under the fovea. Anther fine purple, ™*'" * small white area at the base. The flower exceeds in size that of Dendrobium endocharis. The tpo'nbic form of the lip speaks of the descent from r'^n*^'°* bium aureum (heterocarpum). The plant has a B'Sfd quality in its fine sweet powerful perfum"' '["a' even lasted after the trip to Hamburgh (^"''"B frost. The bulbs are said to be in the way of 'hose of Dendrobium nobile. H. G. RcM.f. PhAL/ENOPSIS Schilleriana (Rchb. f.) var AnVENA. A lovely variety of l'hala;nopsis Schilleriana lik' Schilleriana immaculata. This bulb has mauve bor- ders to the side lacini.c of the lip. Our plant has also a quite spotless flower, lightest purple sepals and petals, with a mauve-purple line at the foot of the * MasdtvtiUia acrvchordoniit, Rchb. f., /. c— V.ilde afTinis Masdevallia: ephippio, Rchb. f. ; pcdunculo l^itius al.ito (semper.) pluritloro 15 — 16; bracteis coiiipies.sis .^rgute dorso caiinnlis, ped ctl o bene exseilo : tubo alnpliu^cuIo ; >enali buperioris iriaiiftuli libero loiige caudaio; sepalis latcralibus propaite libera obloneis loDi^e caud.uis intus tricarinaus et inultivcrnicosis porrectis ; tepahs liRulatis lacuminatis supra l)asin ai.gulatis, inlus carina una d currenie ; labello a bnsi ad medium liueari angiisto ibi Lamella qiiadrala ulnnquc oblique cxtrorsumspcctante ; pane aiiteriori ligulata acuminata ; carina tlcxuosa a basi in medium labtllum, androchnii nicmbraoa trifida. Ecuador. Rchb. f. February 7, 1SS5 ] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 175 column. Lip white, wilh yellow callus and yellow on the side lacinias. Two lij^ht rose-purple spots are set before the callus, and mauve-purple on the sides of the column. It has been sent several times by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. I J. G, Kchb. /. K E W. A DULL day in February is perhaps not the one that would be chosen for a visit to the garden, never- theless it will amply repiy the trouble. The main- tenance and condition of the plants in most depart- ments is admirable; the Teraperaie-house in parti- cular shows to great advantage. The grand Tree Kern?, massive Araucarias, and stately Dracaenas are in splendid condition, and there is ample promise of a wealth of flowers shortly on Acacias, Rhododen- drons, and Camellias. The group of Cycads at the south end of the Talm-stove furnishes one of those sights which, when seen for the lirst time, makes one catch one's breath, and even when familiarity has tiken oil the edge of surprise, the noble outlines and monumental substance of the plants impresses one as much as ever. The Orchids have greatly improved of late years. Just now, perhaps, there are fewer in flower than there were a few weeks ago, but there is still much to interest the connoisseur in such plants as Catlleya chocoensis, L^elia anceps, Dendrobium aureum, Angrcecum sesquipedale, various Calanthes, Dendrobium Falconeri, Maxillaria venusta, &c. In the Succulent-house — that repertory of what is strange in form and gorgeous in colour among plants- numerous Aloes are in bloom, quite lighting up the part of the house in which they are placed. Senecio macroglossus hangs its golden stars from the roof, and Reslio subverticillaius, misnamed Willdenovia teres, waves its elegant plumes. Out-of-doors the buds show that they are preparing for action, and in the new rockerj', which must absorb much time and labour to keep in such perfect order, the Hellebores make a brave show. "LA PETITE CULTURE." I DIFFER, with all due respect, from so good an authority on market gardening as is Mr. W. Earley, in his estimate of the value of small holdings. Happily it is a subject that can be discussed without referring to Georgian theories or Socialistic ideas, because the question of converting large farms that are admitted failures into small holdings which may and often do prove successes, is one of the most prac- tical ones of the day. The great vilue of small holdings of land is found first in the strong tie with which they bind the holder — literally the peasantry^ to the land upon which they are born ; second, small holdings necessitate, indeed are dependent for success upon, actual manual labour, and specially upon hand tillage. In fact, small holding culture becomes in expert hands gardening ; hence, as we see in garden- ing, the land is made to produce double that farm- ing gives ; hence small holdings are necessarily creative of far more labour and greater produce than are large ones. Probably there are few market gardens of the present day — and I know some ranging from 200 to 600 acres— literally huge garden-farms — but what originated from small holdings. If the present grower was not, some years since, the culti- vator of a few acres, no doubt his father, or prede- cessor, was one before him ; indeed, numberless cases occur which prove that if a man is a good gardener, industrious and energetic, he will inevitably convert his small holding in lime into a larger one, simply because he has been prosperous. I do not think that Mr, Earley actually means to condemn small hold- ings for market garden purposes, but really he does so. Now, it may be a fair matter for debate, whether the small holder — that is, the occupier of some 6 to lo acres — is in a position to compete in the metropolitan market with growers who have ample capital and broad acres to back them. But then even London is not all fed through its markets, for great quantities of vegetables and fruit are sent into it, and sold by the small men in and about the suburbs, who put their produce down at the shops, and, gathering up the straggling heaps of manure in the locality, return home neither empty in cart nor in|pocket. But then there are other populations in the kingdom besides that of London ; and, although the provincial markets may seem to be of less importance than are the metropolitan ones, yet the consumption in them of garden produce is vast, and these are far more largely supplied by small growers than by large ones. It must not be by any means concluded that the largest holders of land display the best culture. Having ample capital and more horse labour at disposal, they may perhaps manure the most heavily, but it cannot be admitted that in filling the soil with manure until it almost stinks is to be found the highest element of culture. Without doubt, deep culture, or working of the land, and keeping it clean, are more valuable cultural elements, and there the small grower may show even in a more marked degree than can his neighbour who has six times the ex- tent of land to oversee, simply because such over- sight can only be intermittent and not constant. The really practical cultivator who finds manure a costly item prefers not only to plough deep but also to subsoil, whilst the smaller cultivator not only digs his soil deeply and thus works it more thoroughly than ploughs can, but also, if he be alive to its value, trenches a portion of his holding annually, with the result, that his crops are of the finest and most profitable. Market gardening is so far in advance of farming that it employs thrice the labour, gives much better wages, and it also creates from out the soil a wonderfully enhanced produce. It calls into play the most useful intellectual faculties, and creates in the worker a totally different being from the farmer or his labourer. La petite culture would add immensely to our garden produce, it would add to public security, and inciease the national wealth. It is almost the only method by which it will be possible to grapple with the needs of the public in relation to eggs and poultry, and indeed of milk and butter also. The small holder was always a keeper of live stock of the domestic order — the large grower of any form regards these elements as troublesome. In a hundred ways the consuming public suffer, and in many country districts, because of the absence of small cultivators, simple produce can- not be obtained, all the large growers sending it to the towns. A, Z>. ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS. {Continued from p. 7S ) Planting Orchids. Orchids are either planted on blocks of wood, on rafts, in baskets, or in pots. Some species do better in pots, others with less compost, or none at all, on blocks or rafts, but many growers have a special pre- dilection towards different methods of growing the same species. Phal^nopsis. Take, for instance, the genus Phal^enopsis. It is usual to grow these beautiful Orchids in baskets, but some unusually fine specimens have been grown in pots, and my own experience leads me to prefer the latter form of culture, at least during winter. The warmth of the bench directly over the pipes is very conducive to the health of these plants, and keeps the roots active in the cold dark months. In summer they may hang from the rafters of the house in baskets, but in winter, except in a very warm house — which, in my opinion, is not good for these plants — the roots suffer from change of temperature and drought in a basket. I place the basket in a pot, and surround it with living sphagnum for the winter, and find it saves my plants from injury, and keeps them plump and healthy, or I place the baskets upon the bench over the pipes if the roots are confined to their interior, and dispense with the pot ; by this simple device Phala^nopsis Schilleriana and P. amabilis will stand a temperature of 50° in the night without suffering, provided the house rises to 60° or 65° in the course of the day. I attribute success entirely to the warmth stored in the compost, which cools far more slowly than the air of the house, and the fact that the benches themselves and the pots they support are always 5° or 6" warmer than the air at night. Per- haps in a house where the average temperature is 10' higher such plants would succeed better hanging from the roof than standing on a bench. Covering Plants to Keep them Warm. A good plan in very cold weather is to cover such plants at night wilh a sheet of white cotton wool. I have often saved tropical plants in a cold greenhouse by this means. I should adopt it with the more deli- cate Orchids if at any time I found I could not main- tain a sufficient temperature. Of course it would only do good for a time, unless heat were supplied to the plant from the bench beneath it. The experience of Russian gardeners shows that many tropical plants can be kept healthy in the dark fur months ; this is only done, however, by giving no more heat than is necessary lo keep the plant alive without stimulating its growth. Enforced Rest. I find most grown, plants— and I use this term to distinguibh them from half-grown plants and seed- lings— can be kept in a torpid state for a long time without damage. Phalcenop-is Schilleriana does not grow at a temperature under 60°, but it does not suffer at 50°, and flowers all the better for a few months' enlorced rest at a temperature between 50* and 60" Thf, Compost. The compost I use consists of fibrous peat, small pieces of crock, fragments of wood charcoal, and sphagnum moss ; equal parts of these ingredients by bulk, not weight, is the best mixiure in my opinion. The peat must consist entirely of fibre ; more failures arise from clogged peat, peat full of earth, sand, or decaying vegetable matter, than from anything else. Fibrous peat, freed from all earth by pulling it to pieces, and shaking out the dust, should be u>-ed in portions varying in size from a Cobnut to a Walnut. It should feel quite elastic between the finger and thumb, and should be dry, otherwise it cannot be freed from dust. It should then be of a light brown or golden-yellow colour. Black or dark brown peat is quite unfit for any Oichid, It is sometimes very difftcult to get the proper kind of peat ; under such circumstances it is better to plant the Orchids in the above compost without peat than to use black peat, replanting them as soon as the proper material can be obtained. I once dispensed with peat for six months, and lost no plants by its want. I do not, however, recommend such treat- ment except when it cannot be avoided. Masdevailias and Cypripediums do not suffer from the use of small pieces of inferior peat so much as the epiphytes, such as Cattleyas, Brassias, L^slias, &c. Their Wants Shown by the Root. The colour of the roots of Orchids is a great indi- cator of their wants : those covered with 0 white epi- dermis, which looks like porcelain glaze, cannot endure any decaying vegetable matter in their ntigh- bourhood ; those wilh brown or black roots only suffer from stagnant water, and some growers even add old manure to the compost in which they plant them. I do not recommend an amateur to risk such treatment. The charcoal should be in pieces the size of a Cob- nut for small plants, larger for large ones. I believe its great power of absorbing carbonic acid gas and oxygen is the secret of its utility ; it certainly keeps the compost sweet, and the roots cling to it firmly, Crocks are, like charcoal, absorbent bodies, and keep the compost open ; perhaps they only serve the same purpose as the charcoal less efficiently, but I use them with it and have no reason to give up this addition to the compost ; the roots cling to crocks firmly, the variety of material suits the plants, and the crocks keep the compost firm by their weight. I have already spoken of the necessity for drainage: from half to two-thirds of the pot should be filled with crocks, or a small pot may be inverted in a large one and surrounded and covered by crocks, this lightens the whole — a very important point, as it greatly lessens the labour of dipping the plants. A layer of sphag- num is then spread over the crocks and the Orchid planted in the compost above described. It may be necessary to secure it with sticks driven into the crocks below, to which the bulbs may be secured with bast. Fastenings. The parts tied to the sticks should be carefully examined from time to time, as these often swell as the plant starts into growth, and may easily be damaged by the pressure of the unyielding bast. String must never be used, as it is sure to swell with moisture, and damage the plant by constriction. The Roots. The roots should be spread out near to or on the surface of the compost, and the whole covered wiih a layer of living sphagnum, the tops pulled off about three-quarters of an inch, or an inch, from the growing end of the moss, or, better still, when possible, cut from the surface of a bed of sphagnum. The moss 176 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 7, 1885. should grow, and if it dies should be replaced. It is not to be expected, however, that the sphagnum will keep bright and green all the year, especially on resting Orchids ; but it ought to grow when the plant is growing. Too much water will kill the sphagnum, and so will hard water ; rain-water is essential for its maintenance. When to Repot. Orchids require repotting every year or two. This should be done when they are resting ; it is usually necessary to break the old pot, or the roots will be damaged by attempting to remove the plant, Cattleyas and other plants adhere very firmly to the pot ; in such cases I break away the bottom of the old pot with a hammer, and then plant the remainder in a pot an inch larger each way, and so avoid any serious disturbance of the roots. B. T. L. ^To be ccntinued.) THE NAME VERONICA. A QUESTION was asked about the pronuncia- tion of Veronica, which is answered on p. 125. I do not wish to dispute the truth of that answer. Whether generic names in botany are no more than fancy com- binations of letters, as is often the case with those now given, or are real Latin or Greek words, in either event whatever pronunciation custom sanctions I willingly adopt, even though inconsistent with ancient usage. But the name Veronica is so old, and so seldom referred to its true origin, that I hope I may be allowed to say a few words about it. I will not repeat the well known legend of the relic in St. Peter's at Rome, the " vera-icon " or "true likeness," but will only say that this derivation obtained such universal curtrency in France, that we find in classical French a man spoken of as *^ ia Veronigue^^ of another, just as we might say "the very image." But we need not stop to inquire why, in that case, the name is not " Vericona," because the ancient ecclesiastics were at least go»d scholars, and would not have been guilty of the barbarism of thus mixing Latin and Greek in a compound word, It is likely enough, however, that the name is in some way connected with legends con- cerning the woman who was healed by touching the hem of our Saviour's garment. A very early tradition gives her name as Prounike, which was probably a corruption of Peronike, or Berenike, a name very fashionable in Egypt and Syria about the time of the Christian era, the most celebrated of the Jewish nation who bore it being the sister of Herod Agrippa, and the owner of the famous diamond ring so much coveted by the ladies of Rome. It is in fact the Macedonian form of the ancient Greek name "Phere- nike "("Winner of Victory"), which occurs in the Odes of Pindar, as having been given to a celebrated racehorse of his time. The transition from Pherenike, ot its corrupted form Peronike, to Veronica is easy and natural. C, Wolky Dod, Ed^e Hall, Malpas, Jan. 24. PARASITE OF HENBANE. Peronospora Hyoscyami, P, Now that so much attention is directed to raising new Potatos with Solanum Maglia, Sch., as one of the parents, it may be well to remind Potato growers that the dreaded Peronospora infestans, Mont., is not the only Peronospora found on the Solanacea: of Britain. A second species occurs on the common Henbane named Peronospora Hyoscyami, P. The study of the Potato fungus has shown that its attacks are by no means confined to Solanum tuberosum, L., as it spreads to other species and genera of the Solanacea, and even to a different natural order of plants, the Scrophulariacese. We do not say that it is probable that Peronospora Hyoscyami, P., will attack Potatos which have a different constitution from Solanum tuberosum, L., such as S. Maglia, Sch., or Potatos containing blood of the latter plant. Judging, however, from what we know of the habit of Peronospora infestans, Mont., this is at any rate possible. Hyoscyamus is generally esteemed a somewhat rare plant in Britain, but it is not everywhere rare j we have seen it in such abundance in South Wales, in wild places washed by the sea at high tide, that it might have been mown down like corn. The accompanying illustration (fig. 33), drawn from Nature, will give a good idea of what Perono- spora Hyoscyami, P., is like when enlarged 400 diameters. It is a large sturdy species, with some- what dull-coloured conidia or spores, even larger than those belonging to P. infestans, Mont. Pro- fessor De Bary, who is generally very exact, says, in describing this species (we suppose by a slip of the pen) " conidia parva." The spores are full of lustrous convoluted protoplasm, and are said to germinate by bursting at the side. Sometimes they germinate at the top, as shown, on the left of the illustration. Zoo- spores with vibrating fiagella and resting-spores have not been observed in P. Hyoscyami, P. Dr. Rabenhorst considered this fungus to be a variety of P. effusa, Grev., a parasite of Spinach ; this, although undoubtedly very near indeed to the plant now before us, has still larger conidia, and apparently differs a little in other ways fiom P. Hyoscyami ; Dr. Rabenhorst also altered the spelling to Hyosciami — an alteration which has not been approved or accepted. Few acts of botanists create more con- FlG. 33. — HENBANE FUNGUS, CROWING FROM THE LOWER SURFACE OF THE LEAF ; REVERSED IN THE ILLUSTRATION. fusion than the unnecessary and uncalled for altera- tions of names. W. G. Smith. APPLE CULTURE. In England Apple culture does not keep pace with the times, nor is it likely to do so until some alteration is made in our laws. Who is encouraged to start planta- tions? The landlord waits for the improvement, to reap a permanent benefit ; the Government, to grasp more rates and taxes ; and railway companies to demand rates for carriage nearly prohibitory. An instance only recently came under my notice of a lease running out of land which when taken consisted ofpoorgrassand copse. The tenant during fourteen years improved it, planted Apples and other fruit trees. He desired a new lease, which was granted for a 20 per cent, rise, coupled with the condition of same acreage of orchaid as now being left at end of new term, and this followed by being as- sessed up to rental. An instance also occurs of railway rates demanded exceeding the through charge for Apples from New York viA Liverpool to London, the distance not much exceeding that from Liverpool. Orchardists all know that the full benefit of a new plantation cannot be secured until a lapse of nearly fourteen years, and success is not always certain ; so when handicapped as above who can wonder at the culture not keeping pace ? Now that land is such a glut something might effectually be done by landowners as well as Govern- ment to foster Apple culture and such permanent improvements, thereby keeping the monied land grabbers from roaming to other climes, for success without capital is impossible. Among all fruits cultivated we as a nation are further behind in Apple culture in comparison with requirements than in any other kind suitable to our climate. To find an orchard of one kind is the exception, they generally will be found containing Apples of all colours as also for all purposes. To manage successfully a mixed orchard is not an easy matter, and often the fruit is marked as "mixed," which means quite 40 per cent, off the value. The idea of planting orchards of one kind and covering wide areas has only been grasped at present by the few. Good examples of Apple culture are weekly arriving from America, and the knack of sending each sort separately enhances much the value of the produce. The supply to Great Britain alone during this season to end of December last was nearly 600,000 barrels, which represents about half the supply for the season, and quite apart from Canada, including the prolific island of Nova Scotia, whose supply may be calculated about half as much. Taking 60 barrels per acre, average value 15^., we get the grand total of 30,000 acres, and gross value of ;i; 1,350,000 supplied us by that continent. These figures to the uninitiated, no doubt, will appear staggering, but they can be borne out by facts. To incite tenants of land to go in for Apple culture thoroughly will demand very much thought from our " G. O. M." J. B. T. CUPRESSUS MACROCARPA. The accompanying figure (fig. 34), is reproduced from a sketch of a group of trees of Cupressus macro- carpa taken in the dusk of the evening at Cypress Point, Monterey, California, in September, 1877, about 80 miles south of San Francisco. The trees were growing on rocky granite soil near the sea, and exposed to the westerly Pacific gales. Their well- known likeness to Cedars as I saw them in the old grove on the Lebanon itself struck me forcibly, and except that the trunks of the Cypresses were more silvery-grey (an appearance I never saw them put on in this country) I could not from a little distance recognise any character whereby these two botanically dissimilar plants could be distinguished. The form here represented is that with widely spreading limbs, which goes in our arboretum by the name of Cupressus Lambertiana, and it is the only one which I saw at Cypress Point. How and when the columnar form — var. fas- tigiata. Knight — which is by far the most common in cultivation, originated, is a mystery to me, for there is no other known native locality for this Cypress than that here given, and no one has there seen other forms than the one I have attempted to pourtray. Watson, in the Botany of California, says of it: — "The trees at this, the only certain locality, very much resemble the Cedar of Lebanon in habit, with wide-spreading branches." On the other hand, I saw in California countless cultivated plants of Cupressus macrocarpa, but never one with the Cedar habit ; all were columnar. The natural infer- ence is, that the Cypress when brought into culti- vation at once took to sporting, and that the fastigiate form appeared soon to become the favourite, and very constantly reproduced its kind. I am far from saying that the spreading form does not occur in Call- fornian gardens ; all I can affirm is, that I looked for it in vain as I drove or rode along in town and country. This tendency of spreading trees suddenly to assume a fastigiate habit is a very singular one ; it is conspicu- ous in the common Cypress, and in many deciduous- leaved trees, notably the Poplar (Lombardy), and Oak (Robur fastigiata), but perhaps the most striking instance of all is in the Cupressus Lawsoniana var. erecta viridis, which is too well known to require further description. Except possibly the Retinosporas, this Cypress is the most variable plant in habit known to me. The only trees of it which I have seen in a native state were on the Sacramento River, south of Fkbroary 7, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 177 Shasta, at what is perhaps the extreme southern limit of its range : there were but few trees of it growing amongst roclis by the margin of the river, they had slender trunlcs about 60 feet high, with large spread- ing and drooping branches, reminding me somewhat of C. funebris as it grows in the Eastern Himalayas, and totally unlike any fully-developed state of the tree as I have seen it in England ; though possibly var. gracilis, of which I have only seen young plants, may grow into it. To return to C. macrocarpa. Gordon (Pinctuin, ed. 2, p. 92) says of the two forms, " That there is some difference in the shape of the plants may be, but then that arises from all those plants known under the name of C. Lambertiana being raised from cuttings, whilst all those called C. macrocarpa are seedlings, and have a more pyramidal shaped head, whilst the cutting plants (C. Lambertiana) have a horizontal, or rather flat-headed appearance." To this he adds a foot-note, to the efTect that seed- lings of Lambertiana have the erect habit of macro- carpa ; and that if the points of the leading shoots are taken off young seedling pUnts of C. macrocarpa, history of the Lambert Cypress, except that I do not see it noticed that it occurs in a forest of Tinus in- signis, which as it grows there in wretchedly poor soil, appeared to me to be a singularly ugly Pine, totally unlike its progeny in England ; and that the var. Cripsii of C. macrocarpa with rigid acute spreading sharp leaves, of a silvery hue, was a very common form in Californian gardens. J. D, Hooker. REM.'\RKABLE TREES ON PENRHYN ESTATE, Pleasantly situated near the entrance to the Menai Strait, and backed up by the great Snowdonian range of hills, this estate affords peculiar advantages for the successful cultivation of most timber trees, but more particularly of the rarer and less hardy Conifers of recent introduction. The climate of Carnarvon- shire is remarkably mild and humid, more especially Fig. 34.— old trees of cupressus macrocarpa ; from a sketch by sir Joseph hooker. tlie plants will afterwards assume the same spreading habit as those known as C. Lambertiana, Now, if this theory is to hold good, it must be proved that all the native trees at Cypress Point, as sketched above, had the points of their leading shoots taken off while young — an improbable but not an im- possible assumption ; for in countries where goats or other browsing animals abound, mutilated trees of abnormal habit are not unfrequent. A more valid objection is that numerous as are the specimens of C. macrocarpa at Kew of which I have]seen the lead- ing shoots destroyed, not one has altered its habit on that account. So, too, with Ihe common Cypress ; wherever I have seen a partial change from the fastigiate to the spreading form, it has been, as far as I could judge, a natural process, and not the*effect of accident, disease, or injury. According to Gordon the fastigiate variety of C, sempervirens is the only one known in its native country (Asia Minor), but Boissier (Fl. Orient., iv., p. 705) contradicts this, saying that both varieties occur in the mountain re- gion, but that the pyramidal is the most frequently cultivated ; thus affording a parallel to C. macro- carpa, I have nothing further of novelty to add to the in the peninsular part ; indeed, in this respect it almost equals that of some of the southern English counties, as the fact of such plants as the green- house Azaleas, Fuchsia Riccartoni, Cunninghamia sinensis, and many others standing our ordinary winters unscathed clearly proves. In the following paper I intend giving a short description of such trees as may, from their age or other remarkable features, be considered worthy of note. While none of these are connected with historic records, yet from the following dimensions it will be seen that they can favourably compare with many of the same kind growing in this country. As these trees are nearly all growing on the same sort of soil it will suffice to state that it generally consists of sandy loam, or in some places alluvial deposit, resting at no great depth on shaly slate rock. The altitudes range from 30 to 700 feet. Ash. Beginning with the Ash, the largest specimen, as well as the largest tree on the estate, grows at Tyn- hendre Farm, the residence of Mr. Ellis, midway between Llandegal and Aber. At 3 feet up it girths 20 feet 3 inches, and the taper is so gradual that at the height of 10 or 12 feet there is but little diminu- tion in the circumference. In its heyday this must have been one of, if not the finest, trees of its kind in Britain ; but unfortunately, some years ago, the top was broken over at about 24 feet from the ground by the force of the wind which at times sweeps along the hill-side, near the base of which the farm is situated, with terrific fury, more especially when blowing from the south or south-west. It is still, however, in a fairly healthy state, as the number of fresh shoots shot out annually clearly shows. The butt for a short distance up is quite hollow, and was last season taken possession of by a hen in which to rear her off- spring, and afterwards by a thief in which to secret her stolen goods. Another of almost equal dimen- sions, and in a perfectly healthy state, grows by the side of a mountain stream close to the road at Penybryn farm, or, more correctly, on the left side of the road between the entrances to Penybryn and Tyddynisa farms. This is a noble specimen, with girths at 3 and 5 feet of 18 feet 2 inches and 16 feet 2 inchesrespectively. Asit is growing on a sloping ditch bank, one side of the stem is about 4 feet below the level of that opposite, which renders accurate or reliable measurements somewhat difficult, indeed the measure- ments given might bs greatly extended, were exag- gerations and not a fair average size — everything being taken into consideration — recorded. The branches of this tree cover a large area of ground, but the height is not in proportion to the immense size of the some- what stunted stem. In the village of Aber, almost opposite an artificial mound, near which was the site in olden days of one of Prince Llewellyn's mansions, stood until lately a remarkably fine Ash tree, of which, I need hardly add, real necessity demanded the removal. At 3 and 5 feet it girthed 16 feet 6 inches, and 15 feet 5 inches. Nineteen feet in length of the butt contained, after due allowance for bark, exactly 161I cubic feet of timber. The whole tree, including the tops and larger branches, contained considerably over 200 feet of wood, all of which was in a perfectly sound and healthy condition. A special saw had to be procured for felling this tree, which occupied some time, as there were five stones embedded in the wood near the base. Another in the same parish, growing in the rectory field, is 14 feet 3 inches in circumference of stem at a yard up. Two others, one growing on the south-west of the Castle and the other near the sea coast at Port Penrhyn, the first being at 3 feet from the ground 12 feet 3 inches, and at 5 feet 12 feet in circumference of stem ; the second, at 3 and 5 feet, 14 feet and 12 feet respectively. Oaks. Of Oaks considered worthy of note the finest are those growing in close proximity to the Castle, but more particularly to the north-west of the flower garden, where many large clean specimens with boles rising over 70 feet in height and with timber of the finest quality are to be seen. Many of these trees contain from 150 to 180 cubic feet of wood, and the stems, which are usually straight and well tapered, girth from 10 to over 12 feet at 3 feet up. One par- ticularly worthy of note, which was pollarded some few years ago so as to prevent injury to the flower garden wall, stands close to the northern doorway. It is a very ornamental tree — in fact, contrary to the usual opinion, has been much improved by removing the upper branches, numberless shoots having sprung out all over the stem, and thus giving to the tree the appearance of youth in old age. A number of gnarled old Oaks grow eastward from the chapel, their pecu- liar formation giving them a very picturesque and reverential appearance. The Turkey Oak is also abundant, and many fine specimens of 60 feet and upwards are visible from the drives and walks. This tree does well at Penrhyn, but it is only valuable for ornamental purposes, the timber being, comparatively speaking, worthless. Evergreen Oaks with girths varying from 6 to 7 feet are also liberally distributed throughout the park, the largest, however, occupies a very exposed situation on a farm near Talybont, and is, in spite of the breezy situation, the finest and best furnished tree of its kind on the estate. Sycamore. The Sycamore is not abundant as a woodland tree generally, although all over the estate numberless specimens of not only ornamental appearance, but gigantic proportions, are to be met with. Near the little village of Pentir, and in a somewhat secluded 178 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 7, 1SS5. spot around the remains of an old mansion, are some of the 6nest Sycamores I have seen. Many of these have fine clean boles of from 20 to 30 feet in length, and with girths varying from 10 to 15 feet at 3 feet up. When thinning these trees some time since, owing to the closeness of individual specimens, some idea of their general size was gleaned from the fact that six trees, at 19 feet lengths, contained 370 feet of timber, or an average, independent of tops and limbs, of 61 cubic feet each. As an ornamental park tree or for planting on poor thin soils near the sea the Sycamore has no equal, and for these reasons has been freely interspersed throughout the park, and surrounding grounds, as well as in our maritime woods generally. The Norway Maple has, for the sake of its handsome glossy deep green leaves, received a fair amount of attention, and may be seen of a fair size as well as in luxuriant growth in a small wood on the banks of the Ogwen river at Talybont. Several good specimens of the Oriental Plane grow in a small dell near the home nursery. They are trees of considerable beauty, and have the singular property of throwing off their old bark in hard plates Lf irregular size and form. The largest is about 60 feet in height. Elms. Both the English and Scotch Elm are well repre- sented on this estate, not only as woodland trees but as single specimens. The finest of the former grow in the park, to the south-west of the Castle, many of which have attained goodly proportions both in trunk and branch. At the home farm several over 70 feet in height, with trunks girthing 12 feet at a yard up, and containing upwards of 230 feet of measurable timber, are to be seen. The Scotch or Mountain Elm is inferior in point of size though more valuable as regards the quality of timber produced. It rarely attains a greater height than 40 or 50 feet, with a short thick stem, not unfrequently 17 feet in girth. The largest specimens are usually found as hedgerow trees, many of which, especially those in the park, have seen more than a century come and go. The Cornish Elm (Ulmus cornubiensis) has been planted pretty extensively, and many fine specimens are to be seen in the park near Port Penrhyn. When viewed from a distance this tree might readily enough be mistaken for the Lombardy Poplar, than which, however, it is usually more branched and the habit rarely so fastigiate. It is a tree admirably adapted for planting alone or along the ouli-kirts of plantations, in either of which places its decided character can best be seen. The wood is rather briitle, but superior in graining to either the Scotch or English form. Several of these trees through- out the park have a height of over 80 feet, and stems girthing from 7 to 8 feet at i yard up. Beech. A number of fine Beech trees are distributed all over the estate, but those of largest size are confined to the park and surrounding grounds. On the side of the narrow gauge railway running between Port Penrhyn and the slate quarry, and near the Bishop's Mill, are some of these trees that have attained goodly dimensions. At 3 feet up the circumference of stem is from 6 to 9 feet, and many of the trees contain close on 100 cubic feet of wood. In the park immediately behind Llandegai Church are, however, the largest trees of the Beech on this estate, some of which, growing on average good soil, girth II feet 3 inches at 3 feet up, and contain con- siderably over too feen of clean sound timber. Here also is a peculiar amalgamation of a Beech and Ash tree, the former appearing as if it had been planted in a recess at the root of the Ash. Both trees grow together, or rather wiihin a few inches of each other, and perfectly parallel for 20 feet, at which point the Beech sends out a large branch right into the stem of the Ash, thus uniting the two both at base and summit. Cherry. Close to the works in connection with the building department of the estate are a number of remarkably fine specimens of the Gean, or wild Cherry. Speci- mens that are not excelled even by the famous trees that are growing along the hanks of the P"indhorn and Deveron, and about which so much has been written of late. These trees are growing on well- drained alluvial deposit, and seem from their healthy, vigorous appearance to be perfectly suited both as regards soil and situation. The largest measures 6 feet 10 inches in girth at a yard up, is fully 70 feet in height, and contains 94. feet of measurable limber. Others but little inferior in point of size are conspi- cuous alongside the drive leading from the Castle to the grand entrance. A fine specimen of the Bird Cherry (Cerasus padus) grows on the banks of a mountain stream at a con- siderable elevation above sea level. At 3 and 6 feet this tree girths 4 feet 3 inches and 3 feet 9 inches respectively, and is upwards of 30 feet in height. It has suffered severely from its high-lying situation, many of the top limbs and branches bearing unmis- takable evidences of the fury of the mountain blast. Poplars, &c. The Lombardy Poplar occurs but sparingly in this county, and usually as a hedgerow tree. Several of gigantic proportions are, however, to be met with on this estate, notably one growing on the banks of a small river or hill-stream at Nactheilyn, near Aber, which is in girth at 3 feet 10 feet 9 inches, and at 5 feet 10 feet 8 inches. The taper is very gradual, as at 10 feet in height the stem girths nearly as much as at 3 feet. Others of less size occur on the roadside at Wig Farm. Of trees in, Bangor remarkable for their size may be mentioned a Walnut atTanrallt, which is over 70 feet in height, and girths at I foot up iS feet 3 inches. It was planted 150 years ago. A. D, Webster, {To be continued.') mi\^i llotcs ami mlijaninus. THE CYPRIPEDIUM. During the last few years this genus of Orchids has become a very popular one in our gardens, and the favour in which they are held seems to increase. The collectors who daringly explore unknown regions in search of new species of plants cannot claim all the credit for adorning our glasshouses with new forms of the Ladies' Slippers, as for some of the handsomest productions we are indebted to the patient workers at home. I have visited the large collections of Orchids in Messrs. Veiich's nursery three times during the present winter season, and each time I have found that this genus contained more species and varieties in flower than any other. They have not the rich gorgeous beauty of the Cattleya, but most of them are quaintly formed, and many are beautifully marked in flower and foliage. There are few Orchids more easily hybridised, and the young seedling plants speedily grow into a flowering size. Further ihan this, no other genus of Oichids, taking it as a whole, is more easily cultivated, and the hybrids raised in this country in most cases grow with greater vigour than the original species. By far the largest proportion of them will grow in a mixture of tough fibrous peat and sphag- num used in equal proportions, with a good sprinkling of bits of charcoal and clean potsherds. As a rule the pots should be rather more than half full of drain- age. Some of the species succeed best if some turfy loam is mixed with the compost, in about equal pro- portions of loam and peat. Of those that prefer loam the lovely C. niveum is one of the most charming. C. Spicerianum is one that prefers some loam with the peat, but I must say that it does very well without any loam in the compost. There is this to be said in favour of good brown fibrous peat, that it is much more lasting in its nature than loam of any kind. There are not a great many Cypripediums that will succeed all the year round in the cool-house, but the good old C. insigne is one of them. It was introduced from Nepal so long ago as 1S19. This species and its varieties with the white and spotted dorsal sepals are not only beautiful in themselves, but they have become the parents of the finest hybrid yet raised, viz., C. L'iea- num and C. Leeanum superbum, the latter the produce of a more richly developed parentage than the former. The largest proportion of the evergreen Cypripediums succeed best in the Cattleya-house, or rather the warm Cattleya house. C. villosum is a vigorous free growing kind, and was the parent of one of the earliest, if not the first hybrid Cypripediums, viz., C. Harrisianum. A singular characteristic of this hybrid is that both the parents, C. villosum and C, barbatum, are summer flowering, while the pro- duce of the cross made, always flower about mid- Tht' Original Spec ti-s '.I'-ri". — Cypiipediuin barbaium riiajos ,, Boxalli ,, Dayaniim ,, Haynaldianum ,, insigiie ,, longifolium ,, Spicerianum ,, tonsiim ,, veoustum ,, villosum ,, Hookera; ,, Maulei ,, Si.hUmii album ,, purpuratuin winter. C. Lawrencianum is proving itself to be a robust growing species, which flowers in the summer and is the best of the C. barbitum group. The most recent, C. cillolare, seems to be a dark coloured form of C. superbiens (Veiichii), and will also I fancy be souj^ht after by exhibitor?, owing to its lime of flowering. There is rather a pretty hybrid now in (lower at Messrs. Veitch'.-, C. Sallieri. It is a cross presumably V)etween C. insigne and C. villosum ; the lateral sepals resemble those of villosum, the dorsal sepal that of insigne, while the slipper seems to be between the two sup- posed parents. The whole flower is more yellow than any of its parents. There is also a new Chelsea hybrid; the first flower had just opened about January 20— a quaintly formed and lovely soft rose- pink coloured flower. C. cardinale, also in flower, seems to increase in beauty as the plant gains in strength. I made out a list of Cypripediums in flower on January 22, and found fifteen, mostly Chelsea-raised hybrids, and fourteen original species. The Hybrids 'u'erc : — Cypiipedium calurum ., Crossianum ,, Dominii ., Harrisianum ,, Sedeni ,, selligerum ,, LeeaDum „ „ superbum ,, Sallteri ,, cardinale ,, unnamed seedling ,, oenaDihum superbum ,, marmorophylium ,, tesseilaCum superbum ,, niteiis ., vexiliariiim J. Douglas. Lycaste Skinneri. Mr. Donaldson of the Gardens, Keith Hall, sends us two flowers of this useful Orchid produced on separate pseudobuVbs, but on the same plant. In one the petals are white in the centre and at the ba'sc, and have deep rose-coloured mirgins. The lip of this flower is white slightly flashed with rose. In the second flower the sepals have a well-marked central stripe of rose-pick. The petals are detp rose-lilac in the centre and at the base, and studded with minute points. The lip also is widely difl"^;reiit in colour from the preceding one, being so heavily tinged with deep magenta that but little of the whi'e groundcolour is seen except at the extreme tip. If the two were seen separately, there would be ample reason to make two varieties with names and piices lo match. Cattleya chocoensis. The flowers of this comparatively recent introduc- tion are large, conspicuous and distinct in appearance, Their beauty, however, would be f^r more appre- ciated if the sepals and petals were more expanded to show the different parts. The petals are unusually broad in proportion lo their length in this or perhaps any other species, and pure white. Their objection- able feature, however is the semi-erect position whereby ihey partly hide the lip, owing to the nod- ding or somewhat drooping flower The lip is folded so as to form a large tube, with a short olilique orifice representing the limb, and undulated or crisped at the margin. It is a pale lilac-purple in varying shades, with a yellow or orange band along the centre, and an obversely heart-shaped blotch of rich purple at the apex. The flowers are seen to best advantage when staged above the level of the eye. The plant is figured in the lUitstrat'ton Horlico'.c^ n. s,, p. 120. Its habit is well displayed in a flowering specimen in the warm division of the Orchid-house at Kew. FOr^ESTI^Y. — . — - REASONS WHY WOODS DO NOT PAY. {Contlnited from vol. .r.r/V.,/. 683.) Because each "kind" of tree is not grown in a way and manner suited lo its nature, and so as to fulfil the general objects had in view in planting and growing it. The Sycamore may very properly he taken as a suitable example, and will iliusirate what should be done with other species. The Sycamore wood, or timber, is only of real use and value when old, of large size, and well grown. Its commerci.^.I value is greatly enhanced by growing it so that the veins, waves, convolutions, and grain of the wood may show to advanlaije. In order fully lo attain this object the tree should be grown wiih Imibs, or arms, bent or crooked rather than straight. Regular uniformity of branches, and sinnle upright stem or trunk, so much desiderated in many other species, arc not to be sought for in the Sycamore. The most valuable and beautiful part of the tree is that obtained from the part at the junction between the stem and February 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 179 limb. A limb emerging from the trunk at an acute angle is exceedingly objectionable for several reasons, and should be carefully avoided in the culture of this tree. On the contrary, only such limbs should be encouragsd to grow as divide or project from the main stem at an obtuse angle, the nearer a right angle the better. Young and small Sycamore trees, and, indeed, small wood of almost all kinds, are of comparatively little commercial value, and it is, there- lore, only mature and large Sycamore timber that should be grown, and which at the present day pays well, probably as well, if not better, than any other British limber tree. Now the question of questions in connection with this tree is, how most profitably to grow it. From what we have seen and experienced o( the Sycamore, we are of opinion that it should be planted and grown in masses by itself, and not mixed with other trees. Amongst other reasons for adhering to this opinion the following may be adduced : — First, when one species alone is grown instead of a mix- ture, thinning can be done to much better advantage than it could possibly otherwise be efi^cted. Every tree student knows from experience that some species as well as individual trees grow much faster than others, and their growth can never by any means at command be made to go on equal. Again, in some individual trees the branches or limbs grow out from the stem at a very small angle, while others diverge at a great angle. Now, under these conditions, if the crop is all of one kind of tree, the proper and necessary power is invested in the hands of the forester, by which he can take away or leave such trees as he thinks proper and best, doubtless leaving only those of known merit, and such as will, when grown to maturity as timber, command the highest price. On the other hand, if the group is mixed with, say, one-half Ash or Elm, and the other half Sycamore — under these circumstances the power of selecting the good and proper trees, and rejecting the bad and profitless ones, is very seriously cur- tailed, if not altogether taken out of his hands. When thinning we have often stood perplexed and con- founded in this uneviable position, hesitatirg what to do, having to consult so many and such grave and conQicting circumstances. The result of such entanglements inevitably is, that we are either com- pelled to leave many trees on the ground that should have been cut down as worthless wood, or leave wide and unprofitable spaces of ground unoccupied. But as we have already said, and endeavoured to point out, some trees on certain soils grow so much faster than others, that if the fast growers are to constitute the permanent crop the less vigorous ones will have been kept down, and made such slow progress, that they will require to be thinned out before they are of any use, or almost any commercial value. On the other hand, if the slow growers are to constitute the crop, they will have already sustained such serious harm by the lops of the fast growing ones wind-lashing them, as to be almost useless at a stage of growth long before the fast growers are of almost any value to thin out. Much has been said in favour of Ash as a nurse to Sycamore to thin out for profit. That the root cuts of Ash trees are very valuable there can be no doubt, but that the Ash tree pays better than most other forest trees is, to say the least of it, very doubtful. In cutting a fall of Ash here some time ago we found that for every ton of valuable timber the trees yielded, they contained nearly 2 tons of wood fit only for fuel. On this estate, richly and well wooded with every description of timber trees, the Ash pays worse than most of the others. Not that the price per foot is low, for we obtain fully 2s. to 3^. per foot for it, but there is in almost every Ash tree such a large proportion of the timber unfit for any industrial pur- poses, and therefore sold as fuel cheap, on that account, The Sycamore, let it be borne in mind, is a tree that must either be grown fast, or grown profitless. It requires to be grown with more room than perhaps any other forest tree ; the reason for this is, that it must grow fast, in order to attain the de- sired large size before the diseases incident to old age overtake it. It is also a tree very impatient of confinement, and if once checked in growth rarely if ever regains it. It will be observed that the Sycamore requires from its earliest growth a great profusion of branches and foliage, and in any case, where these are even slightly deficient, the tree invariably falls into a state of slow growth and delicate health. Not that the tree becomes actually diseased or dies, but its growth becomes so slow that it dies either of old age or disease incident to it before it attains the size which profitable Sycamore requires to attain. I have no desire either to ignore or wink at the difl'iculty attending the profitable occupancy of the ground during the early years of its growth. I have a piece of Sycamore plantation under my charge planted about twelve years ago. The trees were lifted from a home nursery when about 10 or I2 feet in height, and planted about 15 to iS feet apart, or about 170 trees to the acre. The surface of the ground is fine, sweet grass, which it would be waste not to turn to profitable account, and, therefore, sheep graze it during the summer season, doing no visible harm to the trees, which are growing remarkably well. By planting trees so large and well-developed, it could be well determined in select- ing them what their respective merits were, and thereby, in an important sense, accomplish what under ordinary circumstances would require to have been done by thinning. I have seen the ground under similar circumstances cropped with Potatos, and also with corn ; but this cannot be recommended as practicable, except upon a small scale. Basket Willows have also been grown with considerable success, and proved a very profitable crop during the early years of a Sycamore and Oak plantation, and as they are easily and cheaply propagated and find a ready market, there is no risk in growing ihem so long as the trees do not overshadow them so as make their culture unprofible. Different results are looked for bydiflerent foresters — some, no doubt, unreasonably high ; but so long as the present demand continues, and current prices are maintained, it appears to me that little more is to be desired or even looked for. For good trees at our auction sales of late years \s, to 5^. per foot have been readily obtained. During the last fifteen years or so good Sycamore trees have sold well all over Scot- land, realising at auction sales by public competition from 4^. to 5i-. per foot. By turning to page 40 of the May number of 1S84 of the 'Journal of Forestry^ the following statement will be met with: — "A. Oliver & Son, Hawick (Roxburghshire), sold by auction last Friday ten Plane trees (Sycamore), be- longing to the Eirl of Minto, the average price per tree being £zi 5-f. ; the two highest being ^^50 and ,^40 respectively. It may be interesting to know that these trees were grown at an altitude of between 700 and Soo feet above sea- level." Being well acquainted with the Minto estate, and also with the forester, Mr. Robertson, I took ihe opportunity last August of ascertaining full particulars of the trees referred to, and found that they had grown upon the ground at about lOO trees per acre ; lOO muUiplied by 27i gives £,112^ ^^ the value per acre. The trees are about 200 years old, and therefore ;^2725 divided by 200 gives ;^I3 \2s. 6d. as the yearly return per acre, from which, of course, reductions have to be made for interest on money invested in planting, maintain- ing, &c. ; but even after making all legitimate allowances there is here a very handsome margin in favour of planting far exceeding in profitableness any other crop the soil could produce. The trees cut were only a few of the large group still growing, and further particulars will be gladly furnished to any who may wish it. It is improbable that any area of one or more acres of wood ever actually yielded the preceding value, but it is well to show what is within the bounds of possibility, and to indicate by what means it may erther^be attained or approximated. C, Y, Michie^ Cidlcn Hoiise^ Banffshire^ January 13, {_To he conitnued. ABIES (TSUGA) MERTENSIANA. This very elegant Hemlock Spruce is the repre- sentative on the north-west or Pacific side of the American continent of the Atlantic Hemlock, A. (Tsuga) canadensis. In Japan another species exists — the A. Tsuga or Tsuga Sieboldi. These three are so much alike that there need be little hesitation in coming to the conclusion that they may have all sprang from one common ancestor not so very long ago — that is, if we consider we are dealing, not with centuries, but with asons. Other species there are which present greater differences, such as A. (Tsuga) Hookeriana, A. (Tsuga) Pattoni, and the common ancestor of these and the three first-men- tioned must be of more remote antiquity still, unless, as is possible, they are mere forms or offsets from one or other of the others, Why indulge in such unpro- fitable speculation ? — some will say, Why attempt to solve the insoluble? First, simply, because we do not admit that it is insoluble. In this, as in other cases, observation of the progressive development, of the internal structure, or of the good fortune ofi^ered by some so-called "sport," may solve the mystery sutllciently to satisfy any reasonable mind. But in the present instance, this happy con- summation has not yet been arrived at. Those who would hasten it might do good service by study- ing the minute anatomy of each form, observing the mode of germination and development of each. At one time A. (Tsuga) Albertiana was considered to be a distinct form from Mertensiana, and this view was held by our late friend, Andrew Murray, and in- deed is still held by some folk. Mr. Murray's views are given at length in the Piniiuni Bri/aimi- cufiit in the ProceeJ'uv^s of the HortiatUural Society^ vol. iii., p. 149, and repeated with the figures in our columns on April li, 1S63. In our opinion the alleged differences are so triding, even when they are observable at all, that it is not at all worth while to make two species. We append from the second volume oi the Botany of California^ p. 121, the late Dr. Engelmann's descriptive account of this tree : — " Tsuga Mcrtefisiaria. — A very large tree, 100—200 feet high, with rather thick red-brown b.irk ; ultimate branchlets very slender, roughish, and when young long, hairy ; leaves linear, 4 — 9 lines long, and about ;J line wide, abruptly petioled, entire, or usually minutely spinulosc-serrate towards the rounded tip, shining above, when young with two white bands beneath ; male flowers 2— 2* lines in diameter, shorter than the stipe ; cones oblong cylindrical pointed, slightly pubescent ; bracts truncate, scales longer than wide ; seeds i — 1} lines long, the wing twice as long or more, scarcely widened towards the base ; cotyledons three, sometimes four. . . . Peculiar to the Pacific coast from Marin County to Alaska. It differs from canadensi'i ihus:^ A larger tree with finer, siraighier grained wood and redder bark, principally distinguished by the more elon- gated scales of the cone, and proportionately much longer and straighter wings of the seeds. Hypoderm characters not reliable." In the Botanical Gazette for June, iSSi, Dr. Engel- mann further gives the distinguishing characteriiitics, as follows : — " T. Mertenszjna.^haTgeT leaves, with two bands, each of 7—9 series of siomata ; strengtliening cells few on the edges, and very sparse on the upper and lower side of leaf ; cones 6 — 12 lines^ long (not iV inch, as some- times stated) ; scales oblong, mostly a little narrowed in the middle ; bracts slightly cuspidate ; seeds smaller, with few oil vesicles, wings twice as long as the body of the seed. " T. canadensis. — Leaves of the mature tree smaller (4 — 7 lines long), obtuse, with five or six series of stomata on each side of the keel below, destitute of any strengthening cells ; scales of cone m § order, orbicular- oblong, with broad truncate bracts ; wing very broad at the base, tapering, scarcely longer ihm the seed, which shows two or three large oil vesicles." To this we may add that in cultivation the tree is more elegantly pyramidal in habit than is A. cana- densis. The branches, moreover, are more thinly set, more horizontally disposed, more slender, and therefore more curved at the tips. The buds are clavate-oblong, not resinous, the bud-scales ovate oblong, coriaceous, dark brown, hairy, one-nerved, the upper ones much longer, thinner, and nerveless. Dr. Lyall mentions having met with native trees of Mertensiana 150 — 200 feet high, with a perfectly clear bole of 60 — 70 feet. Mr. Hutchison ^has collected in the Transactions of the Highland Agricultural Society of Scotland^ i879r some statistics relating to this tree as cultivated, from which it appears that the tallest tree known to the writer was one at the Cairnies, Perth, growing in hard retentive clay, which was planted in 1851, and which had in 1S79 attainedaheightof 46 feet. But these dimensions are exceeded by those cited in \\it Journal of Forestry, February 17, 1883, wherein the following measurements are given of a specimen of this species growing at Hafodunos, Denbighshire : — Height (1S82). 65 feet; girth at i foot from the ground, 5 feet 8^ inches ; at 3 feet, 4 feet 1 1 inches ; and at IQ feet from the ground, 4 feet 6^ inches. The greatest spread of branch is 32 feet. The same tree when measured in 1879 had a height of 56^ feet, and a girth at lO (eet of 44 inches. From the same journal we quote (January 10. 18S0) the dimensions of a tree at Leslie House, Fife, which had attained a height of 40 feet and upwards, and a spread of branches of 78 feet. i8o THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 7, 1885. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Monday, Feb. 9 Wednesday, Feb. w Thursday, Friday, Saturday, ' Sale of 5Joa Lilium auratum, at Stevens' Rooms, ■ Rojal Horticultural Society : Meeting of Fruit and Floral Committees, at 11 A.M. ; Scientilic Committee, at 1 P.M. ; Annual F h Tn J General Meeting, 3 r.M. reo. 10 .j National Rose Society; General Meeting, 3 P M. Sale of ^'aluable and Established Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris" Rooms, Sale of Roses, Fruit Trees, and Border Plants, at Stevens' Rooms, Sale of 10,000 Lilium auratum, at Protheroe I & Morris' Rooms, p. V / Sale of Imported Orchids from Messrs. reu. 12 I shuttleworth & Co., at Stevens' Rooms. 17 h , f Sale of Valuable Imported Orchids, at t eo. 13 ^ Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. F«h f Sale of Roses, Fruit Trees, Eulbs, and reo 14 I Plants, &c., at Stevens' Rooms, FOR some time past complaints have reached us from various quarters as to the exist- ence of Disease in the Eucharis. Gardeners accustomed to the management of this most beautiful and indispensable plant all on a sudden found themselves baffled. The plants ceased to thrive, the leaves turned yellow, no flowers were produced, and dismay and disappoint- ment resulted. Over and over again specimens of the yellow foliage were sent to us, but as we could detect neither insect nor fungus we attri- buted the disease to some defect in treat- ment. One correspondent sent us some bulbs, but these appeared to be healthy, and the presence of a few mites near what appeared to be a bruise did not excite our suspicion, as it ought to have done. Quite lately another correspondent, " Z.," also furnished us with a bulb, and expressed himself as so strongly convinced that the mites were at the root of the mischief (if the pun may be permitted), that we felt that our notion that the mites that were pre- sent were scavengers whose office it was to clear away rotten or decaying tissues must be sub- mitted to more careful scrutiny. To this end we applied ourselves to the leading authority on these matters, Mr. A. D. Michael, and that gentleman entirely confirms our correspondent's notion, that the mite is the real culprit. An extract from Mr. Michael's letter will best tell the story : — " The Acarus is Rhizoglyphus Robini, anci the generic name [root-cutter] will be sufficient to tell you that it really is the cause of the evil. The mite gets in between the scales ot the bulb and eats the tissue. The red spots seem to be caused by a gummy secretion, which may be practically an effort of Nature to repair the wound. The creature does not confine its attacks to Eucharis bulbs, it consumes others as well, indeed with much greater avidity, but I presume it is more noticed in the case of the Eucharis from its greater value. Hyacinth bulbs and even Dahlia roots are quite acceptable to it ; the former it eats up in an astonishing manner. I think it is coming over in great quantities this year with the Dutch bulbs, and I would desire to call attention to the importance of examining imported bulbs before mixing them with others of value. " It is not very easy to suggest a remedy that will kill the mite without injuring the bulb. Desiccation is the best thing if the bulb will bear it. Sulphur and carbolic acid are useful where they can be used. Infected bulbs which are too much injured to be used should be burnt, and every care taken to prevent the dispersion of the insect." The mite in question is closely allied to the cheese and flour mites, and is noted by the late Andrew Murray {Economic Entomology) as occurring on Potato tubers as well as on Hyacinths and Dahlias. It is so far satisfac- tory to have ascertained the cause of the mis- chief. As in so many analogous instances the practical inference may be expressed by the phrase — Prevention is better than cure. Royal Horticultural Socikty. — We may remind our readers that on Tuesday, February 10, will be held the annual general meeting of this Society, at South Kensington. The meeting commences at 3 P.M., after the close of the other business of the day. Cactaceous Plants.— Under this title, Mr. Lewis Castle, of the Journal of Horticztllure, has published a little treatise on the history and cul- ture of these plants, to which we must refer more at length on another occasion. For the moment we content ourselves with saying that it is to be had at 171, Fleet Street, E.G. " Kohler's Medizinal Pflanzen." — This series of coloured plates of plants yielding medicinal products is so excellent that we commend it to the notice of all concerned. The price is is. for each part of four plates. Glenny's " Illustrated Garden Alma- nac FOR 1885 " contains, in addition to the usual calendar matter, articles on the " Pansy," " Revivals in Horticulture," devoted specially to the Fox-whelp Apple and the Taynton Squash Pear — the one for perry making purposes, the other for the production of cider. "Manures," "Grape Culture," "Green- house Building," "The Daffodil Conference," all come in for a share of attention, The Breathing of Plants. — The results of the experiments undertaken by Messrs. Bonnier and L. Mangin with reference to the respiration of leaves as given in the Annales des Sciences^ t. 19, 1884, show, in opposition to the opinions of M. De- h^rain, that there is a distinct and constant relation for a given plant under given circumstances between the volume of carbonic acid gas exhaled and the amount of oxygen absorbed during respiration, what- ever be the temperature. The results obtained by experiments on green leaves in the dark are the same as those previously acquired from experiments on tissues devoid of chlorophyll. Planting Slopes. — MM. Vilmorin Andrieux et Cie. recommend steep banks, such as those of railway cuttings, to be sown with Poppy seed in October or March. In the course of a month the root-development is sufficiently advanced to keep the soil in place, and prevent it slipping. The Poppy being only an annual, when it dies down the ground is in a condition for permanent planting. Dendrobium speciosum. — A fine plant of this shy-blooming Dendrobe is just now finely in flower with J. Moore, Esq, The Mount, Sevenoaks (Mr. Charman, gr.). It has three spikes, carrying seventy-two, fifty, and forty-two blooms respectively, "Malesia." — Under this title the eminent Italian traveller, Beccari, publishes from time to time observations on the plants of the Malay and Papuan Archipelagos, collected during the years 1865 — 1878. A part is now before us devoted to the history of certain " Piante ospitratrici " or plants which constantly form cavities and nests inhabited by ants and other insects. Signor Beccari only includes plants in which this hospitable tendency is constantly met with, and prefaces his systematic studies by a general review of certain points of structure and func- tion which plants possess in common with animals. The plants which form nests for insects here figured and (lescribed belong to the genera Myristica, Endo- spermum, Clerodendron, Macaraya, Acacia, Cecropia, Korthalsia, Rubiacese, such as Myrmecodia, Myr- medonia, Hydnophytum, iS:c. It was in this latter named family that the phenomenon was first observed and commented on. Signor Beccari treats the subject very fully and with abundant reference to the literature. Twenty full, well executed, quarto plates illustrate this valuable treatise on a very interesting subject. French Walnut.— The finest and most costly of the veneering woods, says Mr. P. L. SlM- monds, is what is known as French Walnut, but which does not come from France at all, but from Asia Minor and Persia, The tree is crooked and dwarfed, and is solely valuable for its burrs. Vines. — M. Planchon has recently com- pleted an exhaustive study of the species of Vine. As a result of his investigations he restores Vitis to its old limits, including Vines with petals cohering into a hood— a character not possessed by the other genera of the order. For cultural purposes the separation of the genera Vitis, Ampelopsis and Cissus is a conveni- ence. Under a new genus, Ampelocissus, is included a number of tropical species with the habit of ordinary Vines, but with bisexual flowers, and spreading very rarely hooded petals. The disc adheres partially to the base of the ovary. The seeds are elliptical, with a strongly marked ridge separating two deep furrows. The habit is peculiar, inasmuch as the species have K\ thick, fleshy rootstocks of large size, from which shoots spring every year. The species of this group are found in Tropical Africa and Asia. To this group belong the Cochin China and Soudan Vines. Specimens of some of these may be seen at Kew in the Succulent-house, and are of much interest, though it is to be feared of little economic importance. Sunshine Recorders.— The Council of the Royal Meteorological Society has arranged to hold at 25, Great George Street, S.W. (by permission of the President and Council of the Institution of Civil Engineers), on the evenings of March iS and 19 next, an exhibition of sunshine recorders, and solar and terrestrial radiation instruments. The committee will also be glad to show any new meteorological apparatus invented or first constructed since last March ; as well as photographs and drawings possess- ing meotorological interest. Saharunpore Botanic Gardens.— Con- siderable improvements have been planned and partially carried out in the Saharunpore Gardens, One lakh and 46,000 plants and 6994 lb. of seeds were distributed, and 1022 lb. of various drugs sup- plied to medical depots. Some valuable additions were made to the officinal and ornamental plants of the garden, and to the museum and herbarium, and a large number of useful publications were received in the library. The progress made in acclimatisation and in other experimental cultivation is fully described by Mr. DuTHIE in his report. The continued success of acclimatised vegetable seeds is noticed with satis- faction. Of the new introductions the Japan Pea has been so far a failure, and the Scotch Champion Potato, though superior in quahty, still fails to yield a fair out- turn compared with some of the local varieties. The propagation of the Salt-bush (Atriplex nummularia) has scarcely passed out of the experimental stage. The Anatomy of Ferns. — Among the lowest groups of plants, growth results from the sub- division, in regular order and sequence, of a single primary cell at the apex of the growing points. This cell is called the "apical " cell. In higher plants, instead of one such cell there is a group occupying the corre- sponding position, and forming the successive tissues of the plant by subdivision, as in the case of the single cell. Intermediate or transitional cases occur in the roots of MarattiaceK, where two such cells occur, as also in some species of Selaginella. Mr. Bower in a memoir in the Quarterly Journal of MicroscopUal Science, indicates further intermediate stages, and shows from a consideration of the minute anatomy and mode of development aUke of the root and of the leaf, that the Osmundas are intermediate between ordinary Ferns and Marattiaces. It is extremely in- teresting to find that minute research into the origin and mode of growth of these plants brings to light evidence of the filiation and probable course o( descent of plants. Thus in the paper before us we are told that the structure of the apex of the root in Marattia shows a tendency towards the structure characteristic of Gymnosperms — affords a link, in fact, between the Ferns and the Conifers. ■ Leeks. — Last year we had occasion to notice the peculiar growth of a Leek (June 14, 18S4, p. 763). M, CARRIliRE, in a recent number of the Revue Hor- ticole, points out that the plant, though usually treated as a biennial, is really perennial. When treated in the ordinary way the stem is single, with a slight bul- bous dilatation at the base. But if this stem be cut the plant will produce suckers or offsets and form a tuft of stems. If these are again cut off and the bulbs allowed to remain they form immense tufts which pro- duce no flowers, and thus a state of things analogous to that of the Chives (Ciboulette), or the Leek may develope true globose bulbs and propagate itself by their means. It is thus possible to transform the Leek into a tufted perennial or into a bulbous plant. Kennedya Marryatt.e. — According to our leading authorities about eleven species are included in this genus. Great diversity of opinion existed amongst the older authors, and various other species placed here are now referred to Glycine and Ilarden- bergia. Most of them are free-flowering and mode- rate-sized greenhouse climbers of considerable beauty. In this respect possibly the species under notice is unexcelled by any, as a very floriferous specimen in February 7, 1885.] 777^ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 181 the greenhouse No. 4 at Kew amply testifies. The slender stems are trained on wires under a rafter, and bear axillary clusters of large bright scarlet flowers throughout the greater part of their length. The ternate leaves are very hairy, with large oval leaflets of such a delightful occupation, to collect and diffuse from the best sources information that shall be bene- ficial to all its members, to care for and instruct all in the best modes of carrying on a successful business, to help those overtaken by misfortune and form a Company is generally conceded, and it will receive careful thought and prompt action on the part of the Society at its first annual meeting in Cincinnati. Practical papers — short, concise, and full of instruc- tion— will be read at the meetings, and printed with Fig. 35. — ABIES (§ TSUGA) MERTENSIANA : YOUNG TREE, (SEE P. I79.) that are wavy at the margin. As a winter-flowering climber it deserves extended cultivation on its own merits. There is a figure of it in the Bolanical Register, tab. 1790. The Society of American Florists. — The aim of this newly formed Society is "to lift up and carry forward all that tends to advance the growth brotherhood worthy of the goddess Flora. The plan of action is to have a yearly meeting at one of the larger cities ; in connection with these there will be an exhibition — at such meetings the business of the Society will be conducted, the transactions of the year previous will be presented, and the programme for the ensuing year laid down. The desirability of forming either a Hail Fund or a Hail Insurance the reports of the Society each year. No new plant or flower, no device or invention of merit, will go un- rewarded. Medals and certificates will be given for deserving exhibits. The Society will take especial care to have everything reported in the best manner. The constitution and bye-laws are in preparation, and will be presented at the first general meeting. At a meeting of representatives from eight different States, l82 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 7, 18S5. held in Chicago on June 19, 1SS4, this Society was organised by the election of the officers and com- mittee. The first meeting will be held in Cincinnati, O,, between August 12 and 25, 1SS5. All florists, gardeners, seedsmen, nurserymen, superintendents of parks, manufacturers of heating apparatus, green- house builders, and dealers in florists' supplies in the United States and Canada are eligible to mem- bership in this Society. The annual subscription is 2 dols., entitling members to all privileges of the Society. E. G. Hill, Sec, Richmond, Ind," Successor to the Late Dr. Voelcicer. — At a meeting of the Council of the Royal Agricul- tural Society of England yesterday Dr. John Augustus Voelcker was appointed Consulting Chemist and Director of the Society's Laboratory, in succession to his father, the late Dr. Augustus Voelcker. The Surveyors' Institution.— The next meeting will be held on Monday, February 9, when a paper will be read by Mr. H. Robinson (Fellow), entitled " Some Recent Phases of the Sewage <^>ues- tion." The chair to be taken at S o'clock. A New Insecticide Distributor. — We have lately been shown a small machine for use in gardens and nurseries that supplies a want that has been long felt. The old method of applying liquid insecticides was always wasteful of the substance used, and frequently injurious to plants with tender /oliage and delicate blossoms ; whereas, with the apparatus of Messrs. S. Owens A Co., the liquid sent out is as fine as a .Scotch mist, and the plant operated on becomes rapidly moistened in all parts without any more being used than is necessary for the purpose. For using the dear preparations of the present dzy, or the cheaper quassia-water, tobacco-water, or soap- suds, on Roses, wall trees, tender stove and green- house plants. Auriculas, fruit trees in houses, and Hops, it will be very useful ; and so economical is it, that one man using it constantly cannot empty the smaller size, holding 4 gallons, in an hour. We Dtend shortly to give an illustration of the machine. Educational Collections. — Messrs. .Sutton & Sons have been so obliging as to send for our inspection a handsome case, fitted for museums, lecture or school rooms, and containing samples of the dried plants and of the seeds of our pasture- grasses. Such cases have been presented by Messrs, Sutton to a large number of museums and agricul- tural institutions at home and abroad. Further, Messrs. Sutton have studied the convenience of students by enclosing in cylinders of glass, closed at each end, dried specimens of grasses, (S:c., accurately named, and by providing small sample bottles of the seeds duly labelled. These are admirably adapted for the purpose, and we should like to see them in every school in the pastoral districts of the country. A knowledge of the distinguishing features of the common grasses, and of their marvellous structure, would not only be more directly useful but more mentally serviceable than much that is taught in schools, Messrs. Sutton have evidently gauged the need and supplied it. Orchid Sales. — At a recent sale by Messrs. Protheroe & Morris, fifty-four lots of Lrelia anceps .Sanderiana brought ^5 10— one very fine mass, S feet in circumference, fetching 36 guineas, others 26 guineas, 46 guineas, 38 guineas, 23 guineas, 20 guineas, and 19 guineas, the lowest price for any one plant being II guineas. A Cymbidium eburneum went for 25 guineas, and an Odontoglossum Alexandra for 15 guineas. The remainder of the FallowHeld collec- tion was sold on this occasion. Middlesex Bee-keepers' Association. — The annual meeting of the members of this newly- formed Association took place at 149, Regent Street, on the 30th ult., the Hon. and Rev. II. Bligii, the Vicar of Hampton, presiding. The annual report showed that some substantial progress was being made with the Association, that the county had been arranged into seven divisions, and that local secre- taries had been appointed in four of these, and it was hoped that local agents would be established in the other three during the spring. The accounts showed a small balance in hand. The Chairman stated that an impression was abroad that the Mid- dlesex County Association was in antagonism to the British Bee-keepers' Association, but, as a prominent member of the latter, he could state that it was a helper in the good work, and that the establishment of county associations was looked upon with great favour by the central association. A scheme for extending the Association during the summer was considered, and referred to the Commitlee of Man.Tge- ment for carrying out. Early Cabbages.— We are informed by Mr. Gilbert, of Burghley Gardens, that he intends to exhibit at the committee meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on Tuesday next specimens of his Selected Imperial Spring Cabbage, and Ellam's Dwarf Early variety. It would be of advantage to determine the relative earliness of sorts if others would show specimens of their favourite early kinds. The National Chrysanthemum Society. — A fully attended meeting of the General Committee of this Society was held at the "Four Swans" Inn, Eishopsgate Street, E.C., on Monday, January 26, the President, E. Sanderson, Esq., in the chair. Among the more important items of business that came under the consideration of the committee was Colonel Mallard's proposal to offer special prizes for undressed Chrysanthemums. The committee had made a proposition to Colonel Mallard to the efi'ect that his prizes should be given for the purpose of encouraging the best method of staging Chrysanthe- mums without cups, and that a stand of twelve incurved blooms should be required, to be distinct ; that any means of setting up might be adopted, with or without boards, upon which they are generally shown ; but the right of withholding the prizes is to be reserved, unless a method of general practical value be illustrated. The matter again came under consideration at this meeting, and it is expected that the conditions of the competition will be finally settled by the time the committee again meet — a week hence. The judges at the show to be held in November next at the Royal Aquarium were appointed, and also an enlarged Exhibition Committee ; the Floral Committee was also appointed, and extended from eight to fifteen members. Mr. W. Holmes, the Secretary, announced that he had had an inter- view with Captain Hobson, of the Royal Aquarium, and he had promised the use of a room at the Aqua- rium for the purpose of the committee. The Floral Committee will sit at 2.30 P.M., instead of in the evening, as heretofore. Mr. Cullingford's ofl'cr to give the sum of ten guineas as special prizes for Chrysanthemums to be shown during the second or third week in January was further considered, and the conditions of the competition settled, as follows ; — Class I, twelve blooms of incurved flowers ; class 2, twelve blooms o( Japanese; class 3, twelve blooms of any other sort ; class 4, a collection of late- flowering Chrysanthemums ; class 5, six incurved ; class 6, six Japanese. It was understood that any Chrysanthemums in good condition in the month of January should be accepted as late varieties. Mr. T. S. Ware and others offered special prizes lor single Chrysanthemums, and a class was formed, as follows : — Twenty-four bunches, not less than th:ee trusses in a bunch, and not less than twelve varieties to be shown. A few other classes of lesser import- ance were added to the schedule of prizes, and the committee broke up, after a protracted sitting. A New Cotton Plant.— Mr. A. A. Lucer, of Macon, Georgia, has (we quote from the Times) been experimenting for several years to hybridise the Cotton plant that grows wild in Florida [?] with the common Ochra, and he appears to have been at last successful. The new plant retains the Ochra stalk and the foliage of the Cotton. Its flower and fruit, however, are strikingly unlike either Cotton or Ochra. The plant has an average height of 2 feet, and each planthasonly one bloom. This is a magnificent flower, very much like the great Magnolia in fragrance and equally as large. Like the bloom of the Cotton plant the flower is white for several days after it opens, after which it is first pale pink, and gradually assumes darker shades of this colour until it becomes red, when it drops, disclosing a large boll. For about ten days this boll resembles the t'otton boll, and then its growth suddenly increases until it reaches the size of a Cocoa-nut. The lint does not appear until this size is reached. Then its snowy threads begin to burst from the boll, but are securely held in place by the Ochra-like thorns or points that line the boll. Each boll is said to produce about 2 lb. of very long-stapled Cotton— superior to Sea Island Cotton [!]. There are no seeds in the lint — from four to six seeds, resembling those of Persimmon, being at the bottom of the boll. The new Cotton consequently, it is staled, needs no ginning, and it is thought will revolutionise the Cotton industry of the South. The Ochra, we may add, is known to botanists as Hibis- cus or Abelmoschus esculentus, the pods of which are used to thicken soups, they being rich in mucilage. It is not many years since that a statement of the same kind was made with reference to a so-called hybrid Cotton raised in Egypt, between the Cotton gossypium herbaceum and the Bamia, or Ochro (see Gardeners' Chronicle, n. s., vii., p. 561, and vol. ix , 1879, p. 16) ; but we believe the hybrid character of the plant was not borne out, and the account given by the Times is assuredly not one that should be accepted without evidence. The size of the boll and capsule, and the quantity of Cotton as given are so large as to lead one to doubt very strongly. Extraordinary Tithes : Indignation Meeting. — On Friday last lour auction sales under distress for Extraordinary Tithe took place at Leeds, Kent, under the direction of I he Eccleasiastical Com- missioners. Altogether 114 sheep were seized to cover tithes and costs amounting in the aggregate to ^146 3^. Previous to the sale notices were posted throughout the Hop growing districts, and post-cards sent to the most important farmers through- out Kent calling their attention to the proceedings, and inviting their attendance at an "indignation meeting," to be held immediately after the sale. At this meeting Mr. J. Chapman proposed the following resolution: — "That this meeting agrees with the recommendation of the .Select Com- mittee of the House of Commons to the effect that Extraordinary Tithes are an impediment to agriculture, hampering new cultivation ; that it is expedient that they should be abolished, and urges upon the Government to embody this recom- mendation in a Bill at the earliest opportunity, and calls upon the representatives of the people to give their earnest support to such a measure." He agreed with Joseph Hume, who, at the time of the commutation, had protested against the Extraordinary Tithe as a tax upon industry, for garden cultivation deserved to be ranked not so much as an agricultural pursuit as a manufactory, and the impost was not only unjust and cruel, but most unwise as well. With keen foreign competition and heavy rents farmers could hardly live, and if their corn crops did not pay their friends would tell them how foolish they were not to turn their attention to something else, while they knew well themselves that if they grew fruit or Hops they had more to pay in consequence. The question was not a political one, and he thought agriculturists of all classes ought to be entirely as one upon the subject. The imposition gave rise to local injustice, some parishes being free and others heavily taxed, and farmers and labourers in the latter districts were deprived of the benefit they might hope to secure from the cultivation of Hops or fruit. — The Rev. II. Rvi.ett supported the motion as a consumer of garden produce, and occa- sionally of the commodity obtained from the Hop. The taxes upon agricultural produce finally percolated down to the consumer, and the urban populations were interested in getting their food at a cheap rate, consequently they would be glad to see the burdens on land removed, but would be sure to oppose the imposition of any tax upon imported food, Prolific Mushrooms.— Some very remark- able bunches of these were sent for our inspection by Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, which had been forwarded to them by Mr. Breese, the gardener at Petworth, Sussex. The bunches, of which there were two, were fully a foot across, and comprised Mushrooms mostly of one age and size, one clump having had as many as seventy-five specimens on it. The inference is, either that the spawn was of more than usual potency, or else had been used in excep- tional large masses. The Mushrooms were deficient in substance, from their inability to get enough nutri- ment, Gardening Appointments.— Mr. E. C. Wheeler, as Gardener to Major G. W. Bkst, Parker House, Box'ey, Maidstone.— Mr. John Hill, lately G.irdencr at Potter's Park, Chertsey, as Gar- dener to C. J. Strong, Esq-, Thorpe Hall, Peter- borough. February 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 183 JhE ^\^Y.K'H. In early stalled houses, when the Vines are coming into flower, it will be advisable to avoid wetting the hot-water pipes whenever they are very hot, because the elTects of the steam which then aiises is the cau^e of that disfigurement of the Grapes which is commonly called rust, that mars the appearance and reduces the value of the Grapes considerably when they are ripe. The elTect is most plainly indicated on bunches which are situated in close proximity to the pipes. Setting the Blooms. To obtain a good and perfect set, it will during the flowering process be advisable to gently shake the \'ines occasionally, or otherwise brush the bunches over with a camel's-hair pencil, and in the case of uncertain setting kinds, to obtain the pollen from the Hamburgh bunches and fertilise them in the ordinary way. Immediately the Grapes are large enough for thinning out this operation should be done at once, leaving in all the terminal and other best developed berries in sufficient number as when swelled out to form a perfect bunch. To do this properly a know- ledge of the state of the Vines is indispensable, or oiherwise the operator should have an indication by example. In the case of very early Grapes required to ripen as soon as possible, large bunches should be reduced in size, and the Vines should not be oveibutilened. Stopping, The growths will advance quickly, therefore attend to stopping them — the side shoots at the first or second leaf above the buncb, and the laterals above the first leaf ; the terminals may extend to the limit required, when they should be topped. Cease to syringe the Mnes overhead when ihey come into flower, and a genial state should be kept up by moistening the borders and other available places in the house. The artificial heat at night should be from 60' to 65^, and 75^ by day; above this point a little air should be given, and in favourable weather the heat may stand at from 80^ to 90% and be finally closed for the day at the former degree. The Border. As the final result chiefly depends on the condition of the roots, attention to these is iRdispensable. When these extend beyond the limits of the house into outside borders they must be protected from the sudden change* to which they would otherwise be exposed. I am inclined to believe this is best effected .by means of long litter being placed on the border and protected from wet, &c. It is much more reasonable than to attempt to force heat downwards into a border. Succession- Houses. In these, seasonable influences^will now cause a moresatisfactory state of progress, therefore avoid using means which promote growth too rapidly, and which tend rather to impair than to improve its character : 60" at night and 70'' by day artificially is enough heat for the present; ventilate at 75°, and close up with sun-heat at So°. Attend to disbudding, stopping, &c., in the same way as indicated for the early house. In later houses, where the Vines naturally break forth into growth without the aid of artificial heat, espe- cially in the case of Hamburgh and similar kinds, the house should be fully aired at all times, except in severe weather. Muscat-Houses for late work should also be subject to similar treatment, and also the latest houses, in which Lady Downe's and Alicantes are grown from which the fruit has recently been removed. All work in the way of cleaning should be accomplished as soon as possible. Let the house be thoroughly cleaned with soft-soap and water, and if the Vines be free from bug or ihrips they need not be divested of their natural covering of bark, but merely washed with a little Isoap and water, and tied up, without that customary dressing which formerly was considered to be indispensable and now gradually is becoming obsolete. Pot Vines. The fact of being able to keep late Grapes in excel- lent condition until the middle of May does away with much of the necessity for very early forcing, as permanently planted Vines accustomed to forcing operations, '* which are by far the best,'* started before the middle of December, will yield ripe fruit by the time it is required ; it is, neveilheless, an interesting method, and wherever practised the chief things to observe and avoid are over-cropping and giving too much heat at the roots. If a bed of fer- menting leaves is used the roots should be encouraged to strike out into it both at the base and surface of the pots. The same temperatures as recommended for the eaily house will be applicable to these, and the watering, which is the most important point in the management at this season, should be done judici- ously, and contain seme stimulating agent in a mild form. Really good pot Vines can now-a-days be readily procured, which are grown under the best conditions possible, so that propagation in private places is not much needed ; otherwise now is the time to put in the eyes, individually and fiimly, into small 60-pols ; these should be plunged in a warm bed, where growth will soon be excited. G. T, Miles^ Wycombe Ahhy Gardens. filanta and tlpiii \j!\\.\\\t MISCELLANEOUS I'ORCING PLANTS. Among these the Deutzia gracilis when treated as we have at times advised in previous Calendars, is to be relied upon to produce a good crop of flowers every spring. When they are nearly In flower, and until they are faded, a good supply of water at the roots is needed, as any approach to dryness there during these periods will hinder the perfect formation of the flowers. Of Lilacs, the variety known as Charles X. is a well proven kind and excellent for pot culture. For the supply of a large quantity of bloom, however, we recommend large bushes to be grown in the open ground in sufficient quantity ; thus treated they would do good service each alternate season by being lifted and placed into a growing atmosphere as may be desired. Staphylea colchica would also be an excellent companion in pots with the Lilac, being amenable to similar treatment. Rhodo- dendrons of the choicer hardy kinds had better not be introduced at present ; but R. Early Gem would be the best to bring on in heat now. The later kinds with the Kalmias-and Andromedas will give a more satis- factory return if allowed to advance more slowly. The flowes of the Gueldres Rose (Viburnum opulus) will also be found more lasting, if treated in a similar manner, Roses in Pots. The Tea-rcented kinds will be the best for earliest uses, to be followed by well established plants of the hybrid perpetuals. I find that by far the best return from forced Roses is obtained when I have an odd plant or two turned out in available corners of a Peach and Nectarine house. Holeia (Spi'cea) jiponicawill also give better satisfaction- if covered, but plunging in this case is not so necessary. Unless specially desired Dielytra spectabilis should be retained for later uses ; early in the season, and without much sunshine the flowers will be of a flimsy character and faint in colour. Euixous Plan is. There are now abundance from which to choose. Of Lilies of the Valley, the single crowns will still be found the most reliable. Plunge the pots in a brisk heat and cover them with cocoa- fibre, and keep the same moist. In the forcing of these the chief object to secure is an advance for the flower-spikes before that of the foliage. From the stock of Hyacinths continue to introduce a few at a time into heat, keeping them near the glass to prevent the spikes being drawn up to too great a length. Choose those which from their appearance bid fair to come away the quickest. Tulips and Narcissus. The early kinds of single and double Tulips will also be available, and can now be depended upon to produce good flowers of durable quality. The single variety, \'ermilion Brilliant, will be much more appreciated for early work when its excellent and reliable qualities become better known. The Poly- anthus Narcissus will give better satisfaction if brought on slowly, excepting the Roman and Paper- white varieties. Amaryllis. The spring flowering section of Amaryllis will soon be making a move ; if, on inspection of the roots, these are found in a healthy and thriving con- dition, we fail to see the necessity of shaking them out of their present soil if that is not too much exhausted. A few of the stock of these handsome bulbous plants should be induced to make a move at once, retarding others, so as to prolong their flowering season. James Hudson, Gunncrsl'ury Home Gnnlcns, Acton, !!■'. GENERAL WORK. A' coOD sowing of second early Peas should now be made ; this will follow in well after the earliest varieties, which were sown about the second week in January. Some of the varieties which are suitable for second earlies are enumerated at p. 22. When a constant and large supply of Peas is in demand throughout the season, it is not advisable to dabble with too many varieties for general picking, but greater satisfaction will be derived from making liberal sowings of two or three varieties ; that is to say, for the supply of large establishments. Where the Peas have to be packed and sent by rail to the town residence ol a family, or elsewhere, it is cer- tainly a disadvantage to have many varieties, as the pods of each must be kept separate, and this does not lacililate packing. And again, if they are kept sepa- rate in the garden, they get mixed in the kitchen. Varieties on trial, &c., can be sown by themselves, and the results carefully noted for future guidance. Peas which grow C feet in height should be sown as many feet apart between the rows ; afterwards prick over the ground, and sow Spinach between the rows AspARAGtJS Planting. If new beds are to be formed this spring the ground should soon be prepared. Land insufficiently drained has probably much to do with sickly produce ; as, during winter, many of the roots decay. Asparagus succeeds well on light, well-drained land, planted in single rows, and the soil not raised above its natural level, but only on land of this description should the above system be entertained. I may remark that I have some growing as just mentioned, in rows 4 feet apart, and when the grass is allowed to grow to its natural size the soil between the rows is quite hidden. Heavy wet land is the worst on which to grow Asparagus successfully, and on such it should always be treated on the bed system, 3 feet beds with three rows of plants (two if very large produce is required) in each bed, and 2 feet alleys are the most convenient size, as they can be easily weeded and the produce gathered without any treading on the beds. On very heavy land two rows of drain pipes, I foot beneath the plants in the beds, may be introduced with great advantage, and the expense is not much in consideration. Lettuce. Some plants of Brown Cos may now be set out (in a sunny position) from the autumn-sown seed bed. The plants in our bed, sown August 29 last, are nice sturdy stuff. Here Beds. These should now be thoroughly cleared of weeds, pricked over lightly with a fork and top-dressed with short well decayed manure. Tarragon, in many soils, is better transplanted into fresh beds every season. Old Mint-beds may be treated the same. Garlic and Shallots should now be planted by simply pressing the bulbs into the soil with the hand. G. H, Richards, Somerky Gardens, Ringwood, Hants. Anthurium MARGAEiT.t X . — Under this name a cross out of Anthurium Scherzcrianum by A. Andreanum is mentioned in the last number of the Illustration Horticolc. The habit and foliage are those of A. Schetzerianum ; the spathe is of the same shape as Andreanum, but of a delicate rose colour. i84 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 7, 1885. SEASONABLE REMARKS ON ORCHID CULTURE. {Comrliuied frofii p, 146.) Cattleya-house.— There is now a good dis- play of bloom in the Cattleya or intermediate- house, and I find the flowers develope themselves much better if the temperature be not allowed to fall below 50° to 55° as a minimum. The beautiful blooms of C. Trianre, for instance, are of small size, and do not open well in a temperature allowed to fall to 50° or under it, while they open well if it is between 55° and 60°. They may be removed into the warmest house, but this is not always convenient. I need not say that the flowers open much more freely if the plants are placed near the glass, and where at this season they may have the full benefit of the sun. The plants of Cattleya gigas and C. Dowiana have up to this time been kept com- paratively dry and at the warmest end of the Cattleya- house. Some growers keep them comparatively cool and very dry during the resting period. I tried this plan once, and that was once too often : they will not be forced into bloom by any such treat- ment as that. It is not during the resting period that such shy blooming Orchids as these can be made to bloom, but during the season of growth, and the treatment must be begun at once. Let the plants be placed in a position with the leaves almost touching the glass, the temperature of the house to be about 60° as a minimum. The young growths are now starting with great vigour, as C. gigas seems to make the strongest growths of any of them. In July, as the bulbs are finishing up their growths, the flower- spikes will appear, and after this it requires some judgment to prevent a second growth ; both C. gigas and C. Dowiana have an inveterate habit of making a second start. The recent large importations of Cattleya have done much to place the very finest species and varieties within the reach of everybody who appreciates fine flowers. The season of flower- ing has also been greatly prolonged. It was a very pleasant surprise to see such richly coloured Cattleya flowers of the species C. Percivaliana as were exhi- bited on January 13 last at the meeting of the Floral Committee at South Kensington. The beautiful forms of C. Trianse will continue in flower until C. Mendelii and C. Mossi^ come in. Some of the Coelogynes just starting to grow may also be potted. Indeed this is a sure guide to the Orchid cultivator, if he can find time, to repot his plants as they are starting into growth, or rather just before they form a fresh lot of roots. The good old C. cristata and its varieties, C. Lemoniana and C. alba, are well adapted for culture in any warm house where they can be well exposed to the light and air. The hand- some Odontoglossum citrosmum is still at rest, the roots are kept so dry that the pseudobulbs begin to shrink up j this thorough resting period seems to be quite necessary to the healthy growth and free-bloom- ing character of this species. The Cattleya-house still contains a number of plants removed for the winter season from the cool-house. The elegant Odontoglossum citrosmum succeeds best in the Cattleya-house during the winter months, and a number of species of Masdevallias prefer it. Ti£E Cool Orchid-house. In the cool-house itself there is a continual growth taking place, especially in the large section of Odonto- glossum crispum, but the growth is not rapid, indeed it is better to keep the house cool and moderately dry for some time longer. The temperature may be about 45° or 50°, and if it is seen that the delicate white Odontoglossum blooms do not become spotted nor the foliage injured, the course of treatment pur- sued hitherto may be continued, About the end of February or early in March, any plants requiring re- potting may be seen to. Dendrobiums. Plants ol the type of D. Wardianum and D. cras- sinode are now coming into bloom ; D. nobile is also in flower, a succession of these can be maintained up to June with but little trouble. The plants of the deciduous species grow best, and the flowers open better, if they are suspended in baskets from the roof. Masdevallias. Some growers recommend the repotting of Masde- vallias at this time. They may be repotted now if they really require it, but this is not a good time to divide them. The flowers are either pushing up from the base of the leaf-stalks or they have made consi- derable growth. In dividing Masdevallias it is better to pull the large plants carefully to pieces with the fingers. If a knife is used some of the roots may be severed, which is very injurious to the plants ; it will probably kill some of them. This may easily be avoided, as such plants are easily divided by a very gentle pressure with the fingers. Hardy Cypripediums. It is now a good time to repot the hardy Cypripe- diums and other Orchids of this type j some of them, such as C. spectabile, require peat ; others, as C. pubescens, a little loam with the peat. J. D. THE CESTRUMS (HABRO- THAMNUS). The genus Cestrum embraces some of the most beautiful of our cultivated plants, so handsome Indeed continuing throughout the whole summer, we have frequent accounts of their marvellous beauty as out- door wall plants in many of the more genial parts of the British Isles, and by these accounts we learn that in few cases where the plants have been given a favourable situation under a south wall have they failed ; it may, therefore, be concluded that the Oestrums are by no means excluded from our open- air garden, and that experiment will prove them to be even hardier than we now believe them to be. W. E. Gumbleton, Esq., of Belgrove, Queenstown, Co. Cork, who is so well known as an acdimatiser of tropical plants, had in flower last May and onward throughout the season in great beauty in the open garden, C. Newellii, C. fasciculatum, and C. corym- bosum ; at Truro, in Cornwall, C. fasciculatum both flowered and fruited outdoors ; Mr. Ewbank, at the Isle of Wight, also flowered C. fasciculatum as a hardy plant ; last summer C. Newellii was in won- derful beauty, with its dense sprays of bright crimson flowers. In Lord Annesley's garden at Castlewilliam, Co. Pown. where it had been outdoors for six years ; Fig. 36.— cestrum roseum. are they that ever since their introduction a continued current of praise has been kept up about them as one after another they have appeared in great beauty in the different gardens where they have been grown. It is a pity, however, that such worthy plants should or the greater part be confined to botanic gardens and to large private establishments, and that, too, while thousands of enquiries have been made by those who want just such rambling and trailing plants for their conservatories. It may be that in many cases the Oestrums are often excluded on account of their free growth seeming to require more space than can be afforded them, but this consideration should at once be cast aside, as they are the most tractable of plants, their keeping within certain limits or occu- pying a high roof being quite a matter under the con- trol of their cultivator; it is to be feared, therefore, that they are not so much grown as they would be on account of their being not sufficiently known. As climbers or as pillar plants for cool conservatory or cold greenhouse the number of plants with showy flowers available are not large enough to allow of the Oestrums being disregarded, but even here their usefulness does not stop, for every year, commencing about the first week in May, and and these and others of the genus have proved them- selves hardy in many parts, not only living but coming to perfection, in spite of their being often cut down in winter, flowering and fruiting well every season. The cool conservatory, however, seems the best home for the Oestrums, and in it they seem to be in flower or fruit all the year round, their most showy time being in the winter, when the large Grape-like clusters of rose to crimson berries lend their cheering influence to the cool houses at Glasnevin, Chiswick, Kew, Regent's Park Botanic Garden, &c. With respect to the name Cestrum it is now generally admitted to be the proper one for that section deno- minated Habrotbamnus, as there is no botanical difference to warrant the adoption of the latter as a generic name, indeed, if we regard the much wider differences which exist in the different species of other genera it would be something like splitting hairs to allow the name to hold good, although that section has most of the showier kinds in it, and the name — I/ahroSf gay, and thamnos, shrub — would need but little excuse were it not that the scientific side of the question rendered it desirable that the name Cestrum, by right of priority, should be retained and applied to those introductions of 1842-3-4, to which the Fkbruarv 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 185 name Habrothamnus was given. Further strength- ening this view of the case, and connecting the rose- coloured with the old Cestrums that beautiful shrub, Cestrum roseum (H. B. K., Nov. Gen., iii., 197), the subject of our illustration (fig. Z^) may be cited, as it was named and described long before the name Habrothamnus was given, indeed, it seems to be the same plant as that grown in some gardens as II. corymbosus. It is a Mexican species, and with its cases where better forms are obtained by unhybridised seeds the name of the parent will precede the distinc- tive title of the seminal variety. The following selection is ranged in the order of merit as showy garden plants, commencing with the best:— Cestrum (Habrothamnus) Neivellii, — A garden variety, whidi received a First-class Certificate at the Royal Botanic Society, May 24, 1876, and a First-class Certifi- C. [H.) pitrpurcu/n of Van Houtte seems only to be a darker form of C. fasciculatum. C. (//■.) t'/t^^vffj is perhaps the most generally known, as it is one of the best of the dark rose-coloured kinds and also a good fruiter. The Glasnevin plant is mar- vellously beautiful with its berries hanging like bunches of small Grapes every winter. C. [H.) clematis ^-ar/Vofj/cr.^A variety of ihe'preceding, with prettily variegated leaves. If any have a love for variegating plants they have only to get this and graft Fig. 37.— cestrum fasciculatum. (see p. 184.) profusion of rosy flowers and bright coloured fruits it is one of the best of the family either for indoor or out. No one who has studied the different species of Cestrum can fail to come to the conclusion that many of them are seedling forms of the leading kinds only, many of the greenish flowered varieties having a strong affinity to C. fcetidissimum, and at least three of the red ones being suspiciously near to C. fas- ciculatum. That they are liable to vary from seed is proved by that beautiful form C. Newellii (Habro- thamnus), raised by Mr. Newell of Royston Hall, Downham Market, which should induce further efforts in that direction, but it is to be hoped that in all cate at the Royal Horticultural Society, June 7, 1876. Flowers in dense sprays, bright reddish crimson, fruits crimson. Hardy in many places. C. {H.) roseum (see fig. 36).— Flowers bright rose, fruits dark crimson. Hardy in mild districts. C. {H.) corymbosum.~~\n\XQ6MQ.td by Low of Clapton, 1843. Flowers in dense thyrses, rose coloured, very like C. roseum. Hardy in Ireland, Isle of Wight, &c. C. [H.) fasciculatum. — This may be regarded as the type of the inflated tubed, smaU petalled varieties (flg- 37)' It^ first flowered with Messrs. Lucombe, Pince & Co., of Exeter, in 1843, and proves to be one of the best and hardiest of the carmine flowered showy fruited species. other species on it, and all the kinds may easily be varie- gated by the communication from the stock to the scion or vice versd it more convenient. C. [H.) Hartwegii. — A bright rosy-crimson variety; also of the C. fasciculatum section. C. [H.) Hartwegii piibescens differs mainly from the preceding in having the calyx softly pubescent. Flowers bright crimson. Both are lovely varieties. C. aurantiaciim is deservedly at the head of the true Cestrums, its bright orange flowers in winter and spring are lovely, and borne in the greatest profusion. Who- ever has room for a pillar or wall plant in a cold green- house and has not got it should get it at once. It 1 86 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [FEliKUARY 7, 1SS5. came from Guatemala about 1S41, and is the best of the yellow flowered species. C. iwcturnum {see illustration Gardeners' Chronicle, December 15, 1883). — This is a very free-flowering species with pale greenish-yellow flowers, its chief attrac- tion being the delicate odour which it gives off at night. It is a native of Cuba and consequently not so hardy as those previously named. C. fastigiaiiun. — Flowers white on sprays, leaves shiny green. Very pretty when well grown. Introduced 1815. C. bracteatum. — Flowers greenish-yellow with white line in the petals. Leaves lanceolate and smooth. Flowered in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, December, 1829. C. alaternoidcs. — Flowers greenish-yellow, produced in bunches in the axils of the leaves. Received from Trinidad and flowered in the Glasgow Botanic Gardens in 1829. C. laiifoUum. — Flowers white. Trinidad, 1818. C. fiKtidissimuvi. — This and its probable varieties placed below it should certainly be put at the bottom of the list by reason of the bad odour which they give off. They have all greenish-yellow flowers. C. /'(zry//i.— Probably a variety of the preceding. C. angiistifoliiim and C. liiirifolium are most likely seedhng forms of C. fcetidissima, Propagation and Culture. With respect to the multiplication of the Ceslrums little need be said, as they are as easy to increase by cutting as the Fuchsia, and require managing for that purpose in a similar manner. Any season of the year will do, but spring is the best, for at that time plenty of sufficiently bard growth cuttings, and not flowering shoots, can be obtained, which will strike readily if placed in small pots and put on a moist shelf in an intermediate-house, or under a bell-glass in a cool- house. At any season the short growths which come out from the old wood are preferable to the points, which are often flowering growth. The Cestrums are most at home planted out as trailing or pillar plants in cold conservatories, and when so grown a judicious use of the knife after flowering can restrict them to any space allotted to them and yet quantities of flower and berries may be obtained even on the smallest plants. We have also shown that many of them are hardy in milder districts, and we should therefore re- commend those whohavespare plants to plantthemout under a south wall and carefully tend them, giving the borders a thick dressing of leaves or ashes in winter in order to help them over that season. As pot plants the Cestrums are very beautiful, but the largest pots which can conveniently be given them should be allowed, and whilst they are making their growth a frequent soaking of weak liquid-manure works wonders in producing bloom. As standards in pots, grown from cuttings, run up to the required height as single stems, and then allowed to make heads, they are beautiful objects when their showers of drooping heads of flowers and fruits are on them. So grown they require pruning back annually, like a standard fruit tree in a pot, and liberally watering with weak liquid-manure while grow- ing and until the berries colour. Jfffrcigii Comsjjanknfe. KANUXCULUS LVALLI. DuNEUiN, New Zealand : December z^. — X^n^Q^^ herewith a view of one of our New Zealand native plants, Ranunculus Lyalli, grown by Mr. A. C, Purdie in our University gardens here, Mr. I'urdie is an enthusiast in native plants, and a frequent corre- spondent of [the late] Mr. Isaac A. Henry and other Edinburgh botanists. The first of these plants was brought by me to Dunedin from the MacAndrew range of mountains, altitude 3300 feet, situate on the west side of Dusky Sound, Otago, in December, 1867, just seventeen years ago. It is found in different parts of the province of Otaga on moun- tain tops over 2000 feet in elevation, and passes among the settlers as the Shepherd's Lily ; it is also plentiful on Mount Cook, and is called Mount Cook Lily by the residents around, and has been brought to Dunedin since from several of these localities. Whether this particular plant is descended from my original stock, many plants of which were raised from the seed, or from some other source, cinnot be determined, and is a matter of secondary consideration, Mr. Purdie has succeeded in producing the finest specimen I have ever seen, and it is peculiar from the size of the flowers (nearly 4 inches diameter), the semi double character, the substance and form of each individual petal, the number on the stalk (twelve, not all in bloom at one time), and the colour, which is a dazzling white. The plant is deficient only in the number and size of its peltate leaves. Plants hitherto cultivated with us were single, and thin in the petal, and the colour a sort of bleached white. It is a remarkable sight to see this plant growing in its native habitat in patches, away up amidst the snows of winter, almost the only representative of vegetation — at least, such was the case when I first got it. Attempts have been made to grow it in Britain, but I am not aware if success has continued to attend them, and shall be glad to know if such is the case. Jas, Mclndoe. j4o]ViE -foRREISPOjyDEJ^CE. Plants Adapted for Living Rooms. — Though your correspondent " W. M. S," facetiously refers to a probable " Jeames " as being a member of his estab- lishment— a fact suggestive that he may be the pos- sessor of glass structures — we are, nevertheless, left in the dark as to whether this be the case or not ; yet such a consideration has great bearing on the ques- tion at issue. With plant-houses, whether in town or country, whence relays of fresh healthy plants are obtainable periodically as needed, there is no difHcuIty in maintaining a perfect display with an immense variety of plants. If no plant-houses exist, the plants that are adapted for permanent indoor culture are somewhat limited in number. The following comprise some of the best Palms for this purpose : — Lalania borbonica, Kentia Balmoreana and K. australis. Continuing to quote from your corre- spondent's list, seriatim Anthurium and Polhc s are not likely to succeed ; Dracaena australis is excel- lent, and a better house plant than Cordyline indivisa does not exist. Ferns comprise Didymochlaena truncu- lata, Pteris tremula, P. cretica, P. cretica albo-Iineata, Platycerium alcicorne, Asplenium flaccidum, Phlebo- dium sphasrodocarpum, Blechnum corcovadense, Cissus, Ivy, and Philodendrons do not appearto succeed for any length of time ; Hoya carnosa, with proper treatment, tolerably well. Coftea arabica, or the Coffee of commerce, is not at all adapted. Uam- busas succeed moderately well ; to ensure success, however, a very regular system of treatment must be undertaken, and all should be grown on the small shift, or small pot system. The air-warmth will suffice well ; and now I will explain the regular system I suggest. Small pots are advised, both for convenience and appearance, and also because they are better for maintaining the plants in good health during the winter. As with plants maintained in health in glass structures, so also such as are in dwelling-rooms must receive their period- ical " shifts " or change of soil. We may be said at this date to be commencing the year, and assuming that all such subjects are root-bound in small pots, they should be potted towards the end of the month of February. Proper soils are indispens- able, and each plant must be potted firmly and neatly. Should another potting be requisite during the year it must be given before the end of the month of July. 13y this means the roots will be plentifully formed before the growing season ends, so that undue root- waterings will not be needed then. Air-giving is important, and leaf sponging and syringing indis- pensable. The latter is easily given by taking the plants into the bath-room or pantry. During active growth, especially during the months of April, May, and June, artificial manures in liquid form are very necessary. Probably the handiest inodorous form, and one very efficient, is "Flor-vita." Williain Eaiicy, Ilford. Mushrooms at High Temperatures.— 1 have forwarded two samples of ISIushroom, with which I intended sending a more lengthy article describing my method of culture, but as time is not at my command at present I should be glad if you would favour me with an opportunity at a future date of placing before your readers my notes as to the decided advantage of spawning at a high temperature com- pared with results obtained by the general rule of spawning at 80'' to 85°. In sample No. I, in which the Mushrooms are large and firm, averaging 6 inches in diameter, is seen the produce of a bed that was spawned on December 6, 1884, of 103° Fahr. From this bed I gathered 12 lb. of Mushrooms on December 25. The bed is 9 feet long and 4 feet wide, and up to the present time (January 2S) 200 lb. have been picked from it, some much larger than those sent. In sample No. 2 the produce is very much smaller, the bed having been spawned at So° Fahr. three days later than the bed above-men- tioned. From this bed up to the present only 20 lb. have been gathered, the spawn being quite similar, and the bed equal in size to the other, and in the same Mushroom-house. Stephen Davis, Eitderby Hall, Leicester, Amateur Dealers.— I am glad to see this subject coming to the front, and I hope it will be thoroughly discussed, and if " discussion " will be of any service to the market garden trade, I for one will throw in my mite towards suppressing the now existing practice of selling surplus produce from private gardens. In many cases I believe it is not the gardener's fault that the produce is sold. I have myself politely objected to my employers on several occasions to sell surplus produce, but have been very quickly told if I did not choose to do so plenty of others would. Now, what are gardeners to do I [Carry out the instructions of their masters.] Most gardeners con- demn the practice, yet it is not worth their while to throw themselves out of employment because they object to sell their master's goods. What I should like to see is a law made to compel every nobleman or gentleman keeping gardens as a luxury to take out a £\o license before they could sell any surplus produce, for I believe if they were taxed as market gardeners are they would require us to sell more than we do. Most gardeners, where help is not over- abundant, will say that they have quite enough to do without preparing things for sale, and in large gardens there are generally labourers who would be glad of a few vegetables if to spare, and in some instances their distribution would cause a better feeling between master and man. A Youno Head Gaideiier. New Potatos,— Mr. W. Barrett, of the firm of Messrs. J. & A. Barrett, market gardeners, Leck- hampton, Cheltenham, writes as follows : " It has surprised me that no one has written, either to the Gardeners' Chroniele or Gardeners' I\Iat^a'Anc a line or two in favour of Midsummer Kidney Potato. With us it was ripe fully a fortnight earlier than Myatt's Ashleaf, with a much heavier crop of sound and handsome tubers. Chancellor has done well with us, handsome, sound, and a very heavy crop : from 1 5 lb. we got 5 stones. This fine variety appears to resist the disease well : White Prime Minister, planted alongside of it, and both without manure, were almost all diseased, though it gave an enormous crop. The Dean is a picture to behold, and as to its table quality, on our gravelly soil it is perfection indeed." R. D. Marguerites as Bedding Plarits. — These plants were grown in the past season with various other plants intermixed, and I found the following combination to give the most satisfactory results, viz., yellow Marguerite Etoile d'Or, planted 2 feet apart in a large bed, alternated with Salvia patens, and edged with pink Pelargonium Master Christine. The Daisy was pegged down till the .Salvia got well ahead, then all were allowed to grow into a mass, the result being a most charming bed, which remained until very late in the autumn. White Marguerite, Coronaria frutescens, planted farther apart than the yellow, was mixed with Lobelia fulgens Oueen Vic- toria, and edged with Ageratum Lady Jane, was a very efi'ective combination. The above can be planted out about the middle of May. The Salvias are best propagated from cuttings taken from old roots. Started in a gentle heat early in April they grow very fast, and if struck earlier they are liable to yet drawn, .'-^eed is very uncertain in germinating, but cuttings strike easily, and at th,at time the Marguerites may .also be struck. The Lobelia is hardy, and only needs transplanting ; a stock of it is readily raised from seed. W. Broccoli.— Those who have to provide a daily supply of vegetables all the year will find Veitch's Self-protecting Broccoli one of the best (if not the best). From the beginning of December up until now we have been cutting fine white heads, and being so well protected it takes a sharp frost to touch them. By making two sowings at intervals of a fortnight, we intend another year to try and prolong the 1-EBKUARY 7, iSS;,] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 187 season of cutliog. Ueing a rather strong growing one it should not be planted too close, the individual heads are not so fine, and if sharp weather should set in, the plants do not stand the frost so well as those that have had plenty of air and light all through the season. A. H, Sulphur Fumes as an Insecticide. — The merits of sulphur as an insecticide have been long known, as it has been in use for many years as a remedy against red-spider; but till I applied it for destroying scale and moss on fruit trees, I had never heard of its being burnt for such a purpose, which it may be, with the greatest safety, any time through the winter before the buds break, and it will save all the time and labour many expend in painting over the branches, as sulphur fumes will kill every para* site, and make the bark look bright and clean after. So pleased am I with its elVect that we now make a practice o( going round the walls and giving the trees a dose, when the air is still, as soon as we have pruned, and not only does the sulphur clear the bark, but it kills the mossy growth on the face of the bricks, and makes them look as if they had been scrubbed, so powerful is the influence of the fumes where they pass up. Having scale on some of our Peach trees in ihe house we fumigated them, and it is gratifying, now that the shoots are being lied, to find every scale losing its hold, thus showing how satisfactorily the sulphur has done work, which would have taken a man days, or even weeks to accomplish ; and even if the trees had been painted the chances are that some portions would have been missed, whereas the sulphur fumes penetrate every crevice, and allow one to start after with aclean bill of health. It is not much sulphur that is required, as a pound wilt suffice for a large house. The way to use it is to have a little lighted char- coal or red-hot cinders placed in three or four small flower-pots, distributed along the pathways of the house, when equal portions of the sulphur should be thrown in each, and an exit made as quickly as pos- sible, leaving the lights and ventilators all closed till the following morning. I need hardly say that there must not be any plants in the house, except hard- wooded deciduous ones, while the fumigating is going on, or they will present a sorry figure after, as every leaf will shrivel up immediately, for their tissues will perish. J, Shcppard^ Eucharis amazonlca. — When I took charge of these gardens six and a-half years ago I found among other things a few pots of Eucharis ; they were in the stove, stood 00 inverted pots in a bed of cocoa-nut fibre. The latter was not very fresh, and had become very wet, I suppose through the constant use of the syringe. The leaves were small, yellow-looking, and of poor substance. Having had to do with plants in a few good establishments, I thought I was clever enough to get these Eucharis into good con- dition in six months, and accordingly set to work, and had them carefully cleaned and repotted into well-drained pots of suitable size, putting the flower- ing bulbs (or rather those I expected to flower) by themselves, and the little ones the same. The soil used was of the best description, and the plants were plunged in a bed of leaves in the Cucumber- house. In course of time I examined the roots, fully expect- ing to find them running towards the side of the pot, but to my surprise I found they bad not made a start, so I left them a little longer, and on looking some days after X found no progress had been made. My next trial was to shake out one of the best-looking pots of bulbs, and thoroughly wash them in clean rain soft water, carefully preserving what few roots there were, and potting singly in soil of various sorts, thinking perhaps some at least would grow. They had every attention in the way of temperature, moisture, ventilation, and shading, indeed every thing that the foreman could do was done to try and save them. I had no fear but they would come right in time, but on again looking at them I found that the lower part of the bulbs was going rotten, the leaves (what few there were) began to get a lot of yellow spots about, and I began to wonder where my Eucharis flowers were coming from for Christmas decoration. As time went on Christmas came, but no Eucharis. I was not pleased with the failure, and thought I would try again. I did try, and failed, tried and failed, till I hadn't a live bulb to try to make livelier ; the whole lot died in about two years — never having given us a single flower for all our labour. Thanks to one of your most able correspondents (who if he reads this will accept my hearty thanks), who is not only a grower and writer, but a giver of good things, we have the best stock of Eucharis it has been my fortune to see for many years, all raised from a pot of clean bulbs carried by Mr. Brown, of the ModelFarm, Mill Hill, Ilendon, six miles from the station to this place about four years ago. I may add that it is my opinion that too hard forcing has ruined a good many Eucharis, G, AfcrriK, The Hoo Gardens^ Wchvyn, I would recommend all who have plants of the above aftected with the so-called disease, to give them a chance to recover. On taking charge of these gardens last April I found about thirty 9 and S-inch pots of Eucharis in a very unhealthy stale, and in reply to my inquiries my prede- cessor assured me they had produced no flowers for some considerable time. On shaking them out I found the pots full of bulbs, but all more or less covered with the red spot I have heard so much about. I had them thoroughly cleaned, cutting the roots well back, saving every bulb — large and small — selecting three sizes and making in all one hundred 9, S, and 7-inch pots, thoroughly drained, placing a few crushed bones on the top of crocks, which were covered with good tough fibrous loam. I took special care in preparing the soil, warming and making it moderately dry before using. The compost consisted of two parts good loam, one part peat, a good share of well decomposed cow manure, a little leaf-soil, a plentiful supply of coarse silver-sand, finely broken crocks, with a dash of soot. All was well mixed together, and the bulbs were potted moderately firm, and, with the exception of syringing, I withheld water entirely for a month, placmg them on the front stage of a large lean-to house, directly under a Stephanolis trained to the roof, using no plunging material (the tem- perature ranged from 65° — 75° by day and 55° — 60' by night). Forthefirstmonth they made but little progress, only a few sickly-looking leaves covered with the dreaded red spot were seen ; but on examination I found they were making some healthy roots. I then thoroughly soaked them, after which they gradually began to improve. I used plentiful supplies of manure- water every third watering. This was made from cow- manure and soot, and occasionally a small quantity of guano was added. Each leaf they made appeared more healthy, and my hopes began to revive. About the middle of August I again withheld the water for a month, after which I saw no reason why they should not produce some flower. I again com- menced to water, using plenty of stimulants, and my hopes were not in vain, for I soon observed now and then a spike pushing through, but with slight traces of the spot, and as the flowers expanded were more or less deformed. I have kept them at work since, and each week they have improved, giving a good supply of bloom of good quality. I enclose for your in- spection specimens of foliage and bloom from plants that a few months ago were badly diseased. Edioin Beckett^ The Gardens^ AlUcnhani ParK\ Elsiree^ Herts, [Very fine blooms and foliage. Ed] Notwithstanding all that has appeared in the Gardeners' Chronicle for the last few weeks respect- ing the Eucharis, not one correspondent has given his opinion, or what he thinks might be the cause of its failure. All give their experience and treatment of the plant, and some conclude that it is subject to a disease unknown to gardeners. As my plants for two years previous to 1884 failed in a similar man- ner as described by several correspondents, I am induced to give what I think is the chief cause. Both years in question I examined the plants in the autumm, which was the time they began to look sickly, and both times I found most of the roots and the soil in a saturated condition. The thought at once struck me that it was owing to too much water. The beginning of last March I turned the whole of the plants out of the pots, at the same time shaking every particle of soil from the few remaining roots. 1 then sized the bulbs and potted in pots of different sizes, the number of bulbs in a pot according to its size — the compost being two parts fibry loam, one part peat, a small quantity of decayed cowdung, with a sprinkling of charcoal and sand. The plants were then placed in a day temperature of 70° to 75*, according to the weather, and 10" lower at night. Strict injunctions were given to use the watering-pot sparingly — in fact, to err rather on the side of dryness than otherwise. The plants soon commenced to make fresh roots in the new soil, and, pushing up a new growth, soon began to put on a healihy appearance. I narrowly watched my plants, likewise the watering, throughout the year, and now, instead of the miserable-looking plants of the previous two winters, they are in a healthy condition, with large leaves, and giving me a good supply of fine flowers. The treatment of the plants being precisely the same, with the exception of watering, as other years, I feel fully convinced that too much water was the cause of the failure. Again, ** W, B." says in both of his communications, " that his plants were in a healthy condition until removed to a house, and under a Stephanotis, where they were saturated from the syringe, and watered too." To me this is further proof that too much water is the cause of the so-called disease. H. F. Cucumber Growing. — According to Mr. Bishop's wish, p. 123, I have again consulted the article of Mr. Longihaw, p. 726, where (according to my understanding) his primary object is to know if any one has proved himself equally successful, or more so, as a grower. Secondly, and very much secondly, the return per plant. Surely Mr. B. does not for one moment seriously contend that the return per plant will be accepted by your readers, as valuable information, unless gauged by space occupied. Mr, L. gives the measurement with number of plants and returns. If his object was to know only the return per plant, without space occupied, then why so exact as to figures? And in looking at Mr. B.'s reply, p, 759, I cannot help thinking it was given to show his success as a grower, based on measurements. He says Mr. L.'s ''enormous quantity " of Cucumbers and "plants" must be taken into consideration with *' the quantity of glass," and then gives your readers the length and span of his little house with return of his twenty-four plants, overlooking, no doubt, result of figures worked out. Cucumber growing in a vinery is quite outside the present issue, and only adopted to utilise space until demanded for the Vmes altogether. There may be two classes of successful growers, but first and foremost would be those for Q J. t instances by excessive vigour. Names of Plants : F. L, Ccelogyne cristata. — G. H. Berries of common Juniper. — y. H. H. i, a Gesnera, not recognised ; 2, Franciscea laurifolia ; 3, Amaryllis reticulata ; 4, Xylophylla latifolia ; 5, Keidia glau- cescens. — A. J, Cypripedium Spicerianum magni- ficum, but not a good sample of the variety. — A, F. G. The Odontoglossum cirrosum was a good specimen of the species, with a broad distinctive labellum. The other flower is Epidendrum ciliolare. Newspaper, " Planters' Gazette " : G. S, 6, Little Tower Street, E.G. OCHRA : M. H. This name belongs to a species of Hibiscus (H. esculentus), or Abelmoschus esculentus, growing in Egypt, and many parts of India, and the tropics generally. The long pods, or seed-vessels, contain an abundance of mucilage, whence the pods are used to thicken soups and in curries, &c. Peach-Buds Falling Off : Constant Reader. The shoots show a generally diseased condition of the tree, but whether it can be traced to old age, or to persistent gumming, or to something being wrong with the roots we cannot say. As young trees are growing close by in a healthy slate we should think the tree is un- healthy, and would be better destroyed. POPULUS tremula : G. A. R. Yes, it is indigenous to Britain. See our answer in Notices to Correspondents last week. Seedling Apples : J. L. B. J, A very fine looking fruit, and of good quality. Strawberry Leaves : B. The brown spots are due to the presence of a minute fungus (Stigmatea fra- gariae). No remedy is known, but sometimes a change of soil will cause the disappearance of the malady. Tufa : F. H, We cannot give the name of any Tufa quarry. See our advertising columns. Woodlice : S. B. T. Going suddenly with a strong light into the dark places frequented by them, and pouring boiling water over them from a long-spouted can, is a remedy as good as any. Carbolic acid and chloride of lime are very obnoxious to some insects that possess acute olfactory powers. Perhaps these might answer if sprinkled about. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. T. Perkins & Sons, Northampton— Vegetable and Flower Seeds, and Nursery Stock. W. Reid. Aberdeen— Garden, Flower, and Agricultural Seeds. Cardno & Darling, Aberdeen — Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Hare & Haussler, Sittingbourne, Kent — Garden, Vegetable, and Flower Seeds. R. H. Vertegans, Edgbaston— Vegetable and Flower Seeds arid Roses. R. Fowler, Bedale— Vegetable and Flower Seeds, and Amateurs' Guide. ]. Cocker & Sons, Sunnypark, Aberdeen — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. T. Davis & Co., Wavertree Nursery, near Liverpool — Kitchen Garden and Flower Seeds, &c. J. W. Mackky, 23. Upper SackviUe Street, Dublin- Seeds and Amateurs' Guide. Samuel Yates, Manchester— Vegetable and Flower Seeds. James Don, Nottingham — Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Bulbous Roots, &c. E. J. Jarman, Chard, Somerset— Flower and Vegetable Seeds. J. Backhouse & Son, York — Alpine Plants, Hardy Perennials, and Florists' Flowers. G. White; Paisley— Florists' Flowers, Herbaceous and Bedding-out Plants. Ralph Crossling. Penarth, South Wales — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Strike & Hawkins. Stockton and Middlesborough — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. James Meredith, Warrington— Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Groenewegen & Co., Amsterdam— General Catalogue. Vilmorin-Andrieux & Co., Paris— Seeds ot Trees and Shrubs. Communications Received. — Bruce Fiodlay (next week). — Robertson Munro. — J. K. J -H. L. — H, H.— E. J — F. A. P. — H. Ever!.hed.— T. B — K. Booavia.— R. A. R — J. F.— James .MacN.— A. S. W.— G. H.— H. H. D — J. T. R.-W. T. D.— G., Paris.— H. H. R., Vermont — C. V. R.-J. D. —A. D. M.-M. H.— J. T., New York.— J. A., Chrbtchurch. New Zealaod. DIED, lately, at Shirburn-on-Sea, Mr. Thomas Lazenby, nurseryman and florist, late of York, aged seventy-one years. COVENT GARDEN, February 5. No alteration this week, with the exception of St. Michael Pines, which are easier, a large cargo having arrived. Grapes steadily rising. James Webber, Whole- sale Apple Market, Fruit.— AvHRAGB Wholbsalh Pricks. t.d, s.d. Apples, J4-sieve .. 16-40 — Nova Scotia and Canadian, barrel 12 o-at o Cobs, per loo lb. .. 50 0-55 o Grapes, per lb. . . 2 o- s o s. d. s H. Lemons, per case ..12 0-18 o Puie-apples, Eng. ,1b. 10-30 — St. Michael, each 26-80 Pears, French, doz, 30-90 Vbgktables.— AvHRAGK Rktail Pricbs. *. d. s, d. Artichokes, Globe, per doz 40-60 A-paragus, English, per bundle .. 3 6-10 o — French, bundle 15 0-20 o Beans, Eng., per loa 30-.. Beet, per doz. .. j o- .. Cabbages, per dos. . . 16-30 Carrots, per bun. .. o 6- „ Caulitiowers, Eng- lish, dozen.. .. 30-40 Celeriac, per root .. 04- .. Celery, per bundle,. 16-36 Cucumbers, each .. 10-26 Endive, Eng., dozen 10-.. Garlic, per lb. „ o 6- .. Herbs, per bunch . . o a- o 4 Horse Radish, bun. 30-40 .d. s.d. Lettuces, Cab., doz. 1 6- , Mint, green, bunch.. 16-.. Mushrooms, p. baskt. i o- a o Onions, per bushel.. 40-.. — Spring, per buiL 06-.. Paisley, per bunch.. 04-.. Peas, per lb. .,10-.. Potatos, new, per lb. 09-.. Radishes, per doz. .. z o- .. Rhubarb, bundle .. 06- .. Salsify, per bund. .. 10- .. Seakale. per punnet 30-36 Small salading, per punnet . . ..04-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-.. Tomatos, per lb. ,. i o- t 6 Turnips, bun. .. 05- .. Cut Flowbrs.— Average Wholesale Prices. d. X. d. t. d. t. d. Marguerites, 12 bun. 60-90 Mignonette, 12 bun. 60-90 Narcissus, Paper- white, 12 sprays.. 30-26 — French, 12 bun. 6 o- 12 o Pelargoniums, per 13 sprays .. .. i o- 3 o — scarlet, 12 sprays 10-16 Poioseitia, 12 blooms 30-90 Primula, double, bun. 10-16 — sinensis, 12 bun. 40-60 Roses (indoor), doz. 30-60 — French, per doz. 10-30 Tropxolum. 12 bun. 30-40 Tuberoses, jier doz,. 20-40 Tulips, 13 blooms ..10-16 Violets, 12 bun. .- 16-30 — French, bunch.. 20-26 — Parme, French, per bunch . . „ 6 o- 7 6 Wallflower, 12 bun.. 40-60 White Jasmine, bun. o 6* z e Abutilon. 13 bunches 3 Arum Lilies, is blms. 4 Azalea, 13 sprays .. i Bouvardias, per bun. i Camellias, per doz . . 3 Carnations, 12 blms. i Chrj'santh., large, 13 blooms . . . . 3 Cinerarias, per bun. i Cyclamen, 12 blooms o Epiphyllum, 12 blms. o Eucharis, per dor. .. 4 Euphorbia jacquini- flora, 13 sprays .. 3 Gardenias, is blms.. 18 Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o Hyacinths, Roman, 13 sprays .. ^ .. i Lapageria, white, 13 blooms .. .'3 — red, Z3 blooms — I LiIy-of-Va]„i3sprays i o- 4 o 0-80 0-16 0-16 o- .. 0-30 3-09 4-06 0-60 0-60 0-30 o 6- J o ■ I 6 0-30 o- a o o- 3 o igo THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 7, 1885. Plants in Pots.— Avbragk Wholesalk Prices. J. d. I. d. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-34 o Arbor-vitae (golden), per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o — (common), dozen 6 0-12 o Arum Lilies, dozen g 0-15 o Azaleas, per dozen.. iS 0-42 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o Cinerarias, per doz . . 9 0-12 o Cyclamens, per doz, 9 0-24 o Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o Dracaena terminalis. per dozen .. ..30 0-60 0 — vindis, per doz.. 12 0-24 o Epiphyllam, doz. ..18 0-34 o Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o Euonymus, various, per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o Evergreens, in var., per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o Ferns, in variety, per dozen .. ..4 c^iS 0 J. d. s. d. Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ..2 o-io o Genista, 12 pots ..12 0-18 o Heaths, var.. i2potsi2 0-30 o Hyacinths, per doz. 60-90 Lily-of-the- Valley, 12 pots .. ..18 0-36 o Marguerite Daisy, per dozen .. ., 8 0-15 o Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 Q-12 o Narcissus, 12 pots . . 12 o- 5j o Palms in variety, each .. ..a 6-21 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen .. 40-60 Poinsettia. per doz. 9 0-15 o Primula sinensis, per dozen .. ..40-60 Solaoums, dozen .. 9 0-12 o Tulips, dozen pots ,, 8 o-io ° SEEDS. London : Et:l>. 4. — There was but little business doing on the seed market to-day, the attendance being small. The demand for field seeds, usual at this season of the year, still bangs fire ; meantime holders, considering the extremely moderate rales current, remain firm. All descriptions of seeds are consequently this week without variation in value. Spring Tares, being in short supply, more money is asked for same. There is a very dragging sale for bird seeds, at Monday's currencies. Feeding Linseed continues steady, ^o/m Shaw 6* Sons, Seed MerchanU, 37, Mark Lane, London, E,C, CORN. At Mark Lane on Monday prices were lower all round. The sales of both English and foreign Wheat showed \s. to -2.5. decline for the week, and at this reduction trans- actions were of merely retail extent. Flour was quoted \s. per sack lower, and equally difticult to sell. Malting Barley remained quoted nominally the same as on the preceding Monday, grinding sorts yi. to 6d. lower. Flat Maize was \<^d. down, Oats on the week receded yl. to td.. Beans and Peas went down 6d. per quarter. — On Wednesday there was very little enquiry for either Eng- lish or foreign Wheat. Flour continued dull. Barley, Beans, and Peas were unaltered in value, but there was only a retail trade passing. Rather easier rates were accepted for flat Maize ex ship, whilst Oats were nomin- ally unaltered. — Average prices of corn for the week ending Jan. 31 : — Wheat, 34J. dd. ; Barley, 32J. it/. ; Oats, 2.0s. 6d. For the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 37J. i^d. ; Barley, 321. 6d. ; Oats, 191. 6d, CATTLE. At Copenhagen Fields on Monday increased depres- sion was experienced in every department. On prime cattle prices gave way ^d. per 8 lb., and then sales were difficult to close. Sheep met an equally dull and irre- gular sale at zd., in some case ^d. reduction. Quota- tions:— Beasts, y. 8d. to 4s. 6d., and 41. iO(/. to 5x. ^d. ; calves, 3J. 81/. to 55. Sd. ; sheep, 4^, ^d. to 5.?., and 5-r. zd. to 5^. 6rf. ; pigs, y. Zd. to 4^. 4 3 „ OUEEN 09 „ PURPLE-TOP STUBBLE 09 „ IMPROVED HARDY WHITE .. .. o 10 OTHER SORTS 09 YELLOW-FLESHED TURNIPS. Per pound— r. d. SUTTON'S FAVOURITE PURPLETOP ..13 „ ALL-THEYEAR-ROUND GREEN-TOP., i 3 OTHER SORTS 9.^. to i o WHITE-FLESHED TURNIPS. Per pound. — J. d SUTTON'S IMPERIAL GREEN GLOBE ..09 „ PURPLE-TOP MAMMOTH 09 ,. RED PARAGON 09 OTHER SORTS 8rf. to o 9 Per pound. — s. d, s, d. KOHLRABI I 9'o£ o CATTLE CABBAGE r 6 to 4 o ,. CARRROT I o to 3 6 LUCERNE I a — FURZE or GORSE 13 — SUTTON'S FARMERS' YEAR BOOK Will shorlly be ready, and a copy forwarded Gratis and Post-free on application. &LHtnufom Seedsmen by Koyal Warrant to H M. the Queen and H R H. me Prince of Wales, BEADING. February 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 191 LAING'S BEGONIA SEED. GOLD MEDAL STRAIN, from our P.ize Plants. New crop DOW h.-)rvested. Sealed packets. CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, ir. atid ij. (»i, per packet ; 5J extra l.irge packets. Double varieties, ^s. iiL and 5J. per packet. COLLECTIONS, 12 named varieties, separate, 7r. (id. ,1 6 named varieties, separate, \s. l.AING AND CO.. Seedsmen, Forest Hill, S.E. IPHETOS ROSES.— Extra fine Plants, in 5-inch pots, fit for immediate forfing, per dozen, gr. ; per 1U3, 65J. F. iilREET, Heatherside Nurseries, Farnborough Station, Hants. 'pHRINAX ELEGANS.— For Sale, a mag- -L iiificent plant, la feet hi};h, la perfect leaves, in grand com! it too. HANSNIEMAND, Royal Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. New Vegetable Seeds. JEFFERIES' LITTLE QUEEN COS LETTUCE, per packet, 6./. and li. The most distinct Lftluce ever sent out. Very early, very compaci, and good flavour. Mr. Ward, Gardener io W. H Budgelt, E:q-, Stoke House. Bristol, jays: — "It i;> without exception ihe best Lettuce I have ever grown. It is of good iLivour, crisp, and 'tands longer ih»n any Lettuce without running to seed." For other Novelties see New Seed CATALOGUE, post-free on application to JOHNJEFFERIES AND SONS, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester. Caladlums. EG. HENDERSON and SON'S • SUPERB COLLECTION. Fine bulbs. Post-free. 12 distinct and beautiful varieties, 6^. and lai.; 12 choice and rare varieties, 21J.; la new and golden-leaved vaiieiies, 42^.; 50, choice collection, 50 varieties, 63J. ACHIMENES. — 12 distinct varieties, js. 6ri.; lado , 3 corms of each, 41. ; 13 do., 6 corms of each, 71.; 12 for exhibition, 12 cormsof each, 15J. ; 100 corms in 50 vaiieties, 21J, ; loocormsin 35 varieties. is,r. GESNERAS. — 12 varieties, 5s. GLOXINIA.— 12 strong bulbs, 61.; 12 rare and beautiful, selected for exhibition, loi. 6^. and ■21s. BEGONIAS. — Strong bulbs, beautiful collection, 2ir.; 12 un- named, from choice strain. 6s., gs , ONE THOUSAND BEAUiTFUL BULBOUS ROOTS for the Flower Garden. A revised selection for present planting 2 li.; half the collection, iix. 6rd Sand, u. f>d. per bushel ; us. per J^-ton; 25^. per ton. SP^CIALITE TOBACCO PAPER, lorf. per lb. ; 28 lb., 21 J. : cwt., 70J-. Second quality, jd. per lb. ; 28 lb. 163. Finest Tobacco Cloth, 8rf. per lb. ; 28 lb. for i8j. Leaf-Mould, 5f. per sack. Peat- Mould, 4^. per sack. Yellow Fibrous Loam, 3^. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. 6d. per bu5>hel. Bones, Guano, Sphagnum, &c. LIST free. Special prices to the Trade for cash. W. HERBERT and CO.. Hop Exchange Warehouses, Southward Strkst, S.E. (near London Bridge). ain«iitut->*a. . per bush, (sacks included). GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST In tbe Marlcet (All sacks included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 4^ 6 J* 30 S r lEST ARRO ° First-class Certificate Eoyal Horticultural Society, 1884. PARAGON shows in many respects a great improvement upon any variety at present in the trade. It is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow of fine flavour ; height from 3 to 4 feet. The pods are produced two and three together in such abundance as to almost conceal the foliage. They are of an unusual size, broad and thick backed, containing from twelve to fourteen immense Peas packed in a double row as shown in the illustration. Paragon is the earliest of the large Wrinkled Marrows, being ready before Prizetaker. It is very hardy, and will stand earlier sowing than any Pea of its class. It is most valuable tor succession crops as it is not liable to mildew, and a constant supply of Peas for four months can be obtained from this one variety* TRADE PRICE PER BUSHEL ON APPLICATION. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED MERCHANTS, SLEAFORD. COHTTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT. THE Thames Bank Iron Company, UPPBE GROUND STEEET, LONDON, S.E. Special Certiflcate, awarded May 22, nne and Terminal-end Saddle BoUer Have the Largest and moat Complete Stock in the Trade. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes. Illustrated CA TALOGUE, 1 5^/z Edition, price \s. Price List on application Free. Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or the Materials supplied. Patent Reliance Rotary Valves 192 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 7, 18S5. MEEEDITH'S Vine and General Plant Manure. Manufactured by Joseph Mereditli, late of The Vineyard, Garaton. GREAT INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EX- HIBITION, held at Hamburg —The MASSIVE SILVtR CUP givtn by Her Msjesty Quekn Victoria for the Best Specimen of Grapes was awarded to JOSEPH MEREDITH. 1 his and other famous successes largely attributable to the Uie of this celebrated Manure. Used r^cu'arly in most of the leading establishments in the United Kingdom. C IRCULAR5, with price and fu!l directions for use, free on application to JAME3 MEREDITH, Seedsman, &c., 12', BRIDGE STREET, WARRINGTON. BEESON'S MANURE Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes. Sold in Tins at Is . 23. 6 J., and 103 6d each ; also in Sealed Alr-tight Bags, containing 1 cwt., 13s. The lai. td. Tins ietz^e as a strong nibstantiat receptacle io reJiU from tJie i civt. l>ags. Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Nurserymen, beedsmcn, and Florists in the Kingdom, cr direct from the MANUFACTURER, W.H Beeson,Carbrook BoneMills, Sheffield. Testimonials from (he Rev. Canon Hole, and most of the l.^ading Gardeners, free on application. Pure Ciushed Unboiled BONES, any size, for Vine B.rdeis, &c. WHOLHSALE AGENTS IN LONDON, CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (Limited). EUREKA! ! INSECTICIDE. Pre par td by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist. Stoekbrldge. Edinburgh. I/ijikesi Awards forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh. " Clovenfords, by Galashiels, N.B., July 25, 1883. *' Mr. Fmith, — Dear Sir, — We have now tiitd your Insecti- cide on 3 1 the Insects we can find on any of our Plantf, includ- ing Orchids, and used as direcled by you we find it. instant dciitruciitjn lo them ail. while it neiiher siams nor injuiei the tcnderssi leaf. We shall in future use no Fir-tree Oil, or other Insecticide but yours.— We are, yours t'uly, "WILLIAM THOMSUN and SONS." CO., WHOLESALE AGENTS:— CORE.T, SO PER, F J WLER & 18. Flnsbury Street, London, E.C. LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE (Registered). — Soluble in water. The cheapest, safest, and most fffcctual Insecticide extant- Harmless to flower and foliage, Instant death to Mealy Bug, Scale, Thrip^, Red f^p der. Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Mildtw, Ants, &c As a winter dressing unequalled. See circulars, with testimonials, from many of the leading gardeners on its behalf. Sold by most of the leading Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Garden Manure Mai.ufacturers, in tins- per pint, is. 6d.\ quart, aj. ears. Many ex- perienced Vine growers have already adopted ii, and expressed their entire approval of the result. Box containing 6 dozen, p ice 55. Sold by R. H. and J. PEARSON, 141 and 14^1 High Street, Notting Hill, W. : and J. W. DART, St. Aubin's, Jersey. THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE HOT-WATER APPARATUS. Price, as engraving, with Boiler, open f^^ed syphon, 12 ft. of 4-inch hot-water pipe, and patent joints, complete, ^^4 4^. Delivered free to any Station. Discount for Cash. This is the simplest, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus made, It requires no brick s«tting, no stokehole, and no hot- water fitter for fixing. The Boiler standsin the Greenhouse, the front only being outside and flush with the outer wall, so that the whole of the heat from the boiler itself is utilised. It bums over 12 hours without attention, at a nominal cost. " Loughborough" Boilers to heat up to 650 ft. of 4-iii. pipe, with hot*water pipe, joints, &c. , always in stock. COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF ANY SIZE ON APPLICATION. The measurement of Greenhouse being given, every apparatus is delivered with pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing. Illustrated LIST with full particulars, post-free. Note —AH genuine Boilers have " The Loughboroufih Boiler " cast on. DEANE & CO., Horticultural Builders and Hot- water Engineers, '%l?re"elE:c'"} LONDON BRIDGE. THOS. W. ROBINSON, DBNNIS PARK IRONWORKS. STOURBRIDGE. PERN BASKETS, Conservatory and GarfJen Wirework. SUS PENDING BASKETS. FLOWER STANDS, WIRE TBELLIS, VINE TRELLIS, PEACH TRELLIS. WALL WIRING, COVERED WAYS. GAREDEN ARCHES. WIRE SUMMER HOUSES, ROSERIE5. I ROSE TEMPLES, ROSE FENCES, ROSE TRAINERS, ROSE SCREENS. BALLOON TRAINERS WIRE NETTING, PHEASANTRIES, AVIARIES, See Catalogue. R. HOLLl DAY, IIORTICULTUR.\L IRON AND WIRE WORKS, The ■■ Pheasantry," Beaufort Street, CHELSEA, S.W. The Original and only Genuine Trentham Rivetted Boiler. Eecently Improved and ii educed in Price. Also Makers of alt olher kinds of Boilers for Heating. HOT-WATEB. PIPES ANB FITTINGS of every description for Heating Apparatus. THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM. HIGH and LOW PRESSURE and HUT-AIR HEATING APPARATUS ERECTED and GUARANTEED. FRED. SILVESTER, Castle Hill Foundry, Newcastle, Staffordshire. JOHN CORBETT, Hot-water Engineer, CORPORATION ROAD, CARLISLE, Inventor and Sole Manufacturer of the EIGMADEN WEOUGHT-IRON WATERWAY FIRE- BAR BOILERS The best and most economical Boilers ever introduced. An additional healing power of fully one-third is obtained by the use of these Wrought-iron Waterway Bars. Churches, Sclwols. and all Hcrticulhiral Buildings Heatti c/t the viost a/'/ o Under tlie Patronage of the Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. HOT- WATER HARNESS APPARATUS for WARMINQ CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUUiDINGS, MANSIOHS, ROOMS. DB7IN0 ROOMS, HOTHOUSES and BUILDmas Of EVERT DESCRIPTION. The above Labels are made of a While Metal, with raisbd BLACK-FACED LETTERS. The Gardetur's Magazine says : — " We must give these the palm before ail other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH. The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-AvoiL IRON HURDLES, GATES. TREE GUARDS, Iron and Wire Espalier, 4c. CA T A LOGU E Fret. PUase name thit paftr. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON; And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London. E.C. W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHIIX ROW, LONDON, EC. W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charee, and seed competent assistants when necessary. LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK. material in various colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside. E.C. Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildmgs, Greenhouses and Conservatorias, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages, sent poft-free on application. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the most useful kind of Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart ID a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any statioo in England, ready glazed and painted : — 6 leet long. 4 feet wide, packing cases free 1,1 15 o 12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ „ ,1 4 'S o 6 feet long. 5 feet wide, „ „ .. 3 »5 o 13 feet long, 5 feet wide, t. .< . •> 6 10 o The glass is nailed and puttied in. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. BOULTON & PAUL. NORWICH. No. 76. Melon or Cucuml>er Frames. Cash Prices, Carkiagk Paid. Packing Cases. No. a, 8 ft. long, 6 ft. wide, ^£3 5 o 4^- ^- \ Allowed for in No. 3. 12 ir. long, 6 ft. wide, 4 la 6 it.od. > fullif reiurned No. 4! 16 ft. long. 6 (t. wide, 600 5J. W. t at occe. 13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches at the back ; lights 2 inches thick, with iron bar and handle to each light. All painted four coats of best oil colour, the hghU gUued with a.'Oi. English glass. Catalogues and Lists post-free. 194 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [Febrdary 7, 1885. THE aRDENERS' CHRONICLE. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING. Head Lifte ckareed as tivo. 4 Lines. .f,o 3 0 15 Lines. ■/° 8 5 „ . .. 0 6 16 )J . 0 9 e „ . .. 0 4 0 17 )» • • 0 9 7 „ . . 0 4 6 18 H . 0 10 8 „ . . 0 ■i 0 19 )» . 0 10 9 „ . . 0 S 6 20 )) . 0 II 10 „ . . 0 6 0 21 )) .011 11 „ . . 0 6 6 22 » . 0 12 12 , . . 0 7 0 23 J) . 0 12 13 „ . . 0 7 6 24 )) . 0 13 14 „ . . 0 8 0 25 1? • . 0 13 AND SIXPENCS FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J. Page £9 o o HaJf Page 5 o o Column 3 5° GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS. 26 words ts. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line {about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned against haz-ing Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all LeiJers so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5^. each insertion. Advertisements for tJu citrrent week must reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kingdom.: 12 Months, iX 3s, lOd. 6 Months, lis. lid. ; 3 Months, 6s, Foreign (excepting India and China) : includine Postage, £1 €8. (or 12 Months ; India and China, £1 8s. 2d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE, W.C., to W. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. London. W.C. Take Notice of WOOD & MILTONS P A T^E N T . The Future Boiler for Nurserymen and Gardeners, and Heating any amount of 4-inch Pipe up to 15,000 feet. Advantages over all other Inventions :— The greatest amount of heat from less fuel. As seen by diagram?, some tubes are in the very centre of the fire and others surrounded by fire. This Boiler is a combination of tubes, to meet the requirements of the times. - — ^*Sill — P. ice Lists free on PiiT^^BHL. ^' '^^^D, application. i@^ B^^BSSIfek. Hot-water Applicants are y^^^^'^^B^^^H^B Engineer, Mk^ ^-J^BI^B^^Mi Rudgeway House, j^^jjU,^ Easlville, \J requeitedto-write \J addresses L plainly. BRISTOL., TO BE DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEED BUSINESS. A splendid going concern. One of the finest in existence, doing a large and profitable trade. An unusual opportunity. Apply (by letter only) to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.G. WANTED, a PARTNER, or to PUR- CHASE one of the best concerns in the Trade, enjoying a fine and rapidly-increasing business. An altogether exceptional opportunity for a capitalist. Amount required from an Iricomer, not le's than j^sooo. Arrangements could probably be made to retain the services of the M-inagers and Foremen.— Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and morris, Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, City, E.G. ANTED, as HEAD WORKING GARDENER, an active man, not under 35. Must thoroughly understand Kitchen Gardening. Vines, and Green- house:^. No Early Forcing. Three men kept. Wages ;^r is. per week, with house, coals, and gas. Family must be small. — Sir W. PARKER, Long Melford, Suffolk. WANTED, a married man, as GAR- DENER.—Abie to milk and look after Cows, Pony. &c., and be eenerally useful. No glass. One accustomed to Market Gardening and whose wife could undertake Dairy pre- ferred.— Address, with full particulars as to age, wages, &c., Mr, CLARKE, South Wales Colliery Co., Old Dock, Newport. Monmouthshire. WANTED, GARDENER and PLAIN COOK, Man and Wife, as Indoor Servants. Must have had Vines and Orchard-house Trees under his care, understand- ing Cultivation of Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables. Character with ability indispensable. — State wages required, wiih parti- culars of last situation, to HORTUS, Gardeners* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a FOREMAN and PROPA- GATOR, used to growing Soft-Wooded Plants for Market preferred.— J. SWAFFIELD, Exotic Nurseries, Bournemouth. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a steady respectable young man, as FOREMAN— one who understands Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, and Bedding Plants.— Apply by letter to THOS. HEDLE V, The Gardens, Putteridge Park, Lutoo, Beds. ANTED, a PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Roses and Dahlias for Market and Exhibition, with knowledge of Herbaceous Plants. Wagee, 20*. weekly, with cottage.— R. H. VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nurseriesi Edgbaston. WANTED, a GROWER for Heaths, Gen- istas, So'anums, &c. — Good references required. State wages. — FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, S.W. WANTED, a Gentleman to take the entire CHARGE of the COUNTING-HOUSE of a leading Nursery establishment, with a view to PARTNERSHIP or PURCHASE, Muit be able to invest in the business a con- siderable amount of cash. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheap, ide, E.G. WANT PLACES. POSTAL ORDERS.—To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. — // is very important in Remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at DRURY LANE, to IV. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may Jail from negotiating it. N.B. — The best andsajest means oj Remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER. RB. LAIRD AND SONS (successors to the • late Firm of DowNlE & Laird) can at present recom- mend with every confidence several first-rate SCOTCH GAR- DENERS, whose character and abilities may be thoroughly de- pended upon, either for Large Establishments or Single-handed Situations: also FOREMEN, UNDER GARDENERS, and FARM BAILIFFS.-17. Fiedetick Street, Edinburgh. BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he • has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N. C O T C H GARDENERS. —John Downik, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin- burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging from ,1^50 to ;Croo per annum, and he will be pleased to supply full pai ticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust- worthy and competent Gardener. I C H A RD SMI TH AND Ca beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeaers seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St, John's Nurseries. Worcester. Journeymen and Foremen, Scotcli. JOHN DOWN IE, SEEDSMAN, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on his Books a number of first-rate Young Men who wish to go to England.— Parti- culars on application. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur- series, Garston, can recommend a first-class GARDENER to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of such. O LANDED PROPRIETORS, &c.— A. McIntvre (late of Victoria Park) is now at liberty to undertake Formation and Planting of New Garden and Park Grounds, and RemodelliciE existing Gardens, Plans prepared. 115. Listria Park, Stamford Hill, N. GARDENER (Head), where more are kept. — One child, age 13 Five and a half years* character Employer's lease expired. — Edstone Hall. Henley-in-Arden. GARDENER (Head), where one or two hands are kept. — Four years la la^t situation Good character.— GARDENER, M. Hartley, Esq., Larkfield, Chep- stow, Monmouthshire. GARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married ; experienced in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Forcing, Fruits. Flowers, and Vegetables, Kitchen and Flower Garden- ing,—JAS. HOWELL, Lodge, Ihurcroft H.ill. Rolherham. GARDENER (Head).— Age 39, married ; abstainer. Twenty years* ihorouch practical experience in all branches including the Cultivation of Orchids.~H. NUNN. 35. Noyna Road. Upper Tooting. S W. GARDENER (Head).— Age 28 ; thirteen years' practical experience in Early and Late Forcing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, House Decorations, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Can be well recommended. — J. SMITH. 20, Stanford Road, King's R^ad. Chelsea, S.W. GARDENER (Head).— Age 35,' married; six years' good character. Leaving thrungh place being given up.— J. ELDRIDGE, The Gardens, Beech House, Bulwell. Notts. GARDENER (Head) ; age 32, married.— W. Kendall, who is leaving the Ri. Hon. Sir W. B, Brett, desires to fill a similar place. Land and Stock if required. Character from the above and experience will bear the strictest inquiry. — Heaih Farm, Watford, Herts. GARDENER (Head), where more are kept. ^Married, no family; thoroughly praciical in every branch. Wife Dairy or Poultry. Good ch:iracter. Disen- gaged.—R. WALKLING, Mr. Jarvis, High Street, Roberts- bndge, Sussex. GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentleman.— Mr. Hrndrkson, Gardener to J. Deacon, Esq. , Mabledon Park, Tonbridge, can with confidence recom- mend his Foreman (W. Couzcns). Good practical experience in all branches of the profession. Total abstainer. G~ ARDENER (Head). — G^neraT" Shad^ WELL would be pleased to recommend his Head Gar- dener as a thoroughly efficient, reliable man. Well experienced in all branches of Gardening. He has been with me five years. —General SHADWELL, or W. SCOTT, Southcotc Lodge, near Reading. GARDENER (Head) ; age 31.— E. Simpson, Head Gardener to Lord Wrottesley, Wrottesley. Wolver- hampton, can with confidence recommend his General Foreman, W. Holdcrofl, to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman, as a competent, trustworthy man, in the general louiine of Garden- ing. Three years in present situation. GARDENER (HEAD).— Mr. Hardwick, of HoIIanden. Tonbridge, wishes to highly recommend his Head Gardener (G. Goldsmith), who has lived with him eight years, and six years with previous proprietor, Leaving on account of family moving to town. — For particulars apply to P. C. HARDWICK, Esq,, address as above. GARDENER (Head) ; age 28. — Mr. BoLDEV, Gardener to the Right Hon. Viscount Boyne, Burwarton Hall, Bridgnorth, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman (J. Leese^ to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the seiv.ces of a thoroughly competent and trusi worthy man. Four- teen years' experience in good establishments. — Address as above, GARDENER (Head) ; age 31. — W. Farr' Gardener to Sir R. Knightley, Bart,, M.P., Fawslev, Daventry, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, W. Flood, to any Lady. Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical man in ail branches of the pro- fession. Has been in present situation six years. — Address u above. GARDENER (He.4D).— Age 30, single ; thoroughly competent to undertake its charge of any Lady or Gentleman's Garden in alt the requirements. Has had considerable experience at some of the leading places in England. Establishment being reduced cause of leaving. Highest references from p esenl and previous employers. — A. B. , Bramham Park, Taocaster, Yorkshire. GARDENER (Head) ; age 28.— George Ghanning, Gardener to Colonel Loyd, Lillesden, Hawkhurst, Kent, would be pleased to recommend to any Lady or Gentleman a thoroughly trustworthy man. Has been principal Foreman in the Gardens here two years. Can also be highly recommended by Mr. Norman, Gardener, Hatfield House, Herts. Has had experience in some of the principal Gardens in England. — Address as above. To Noblemen and Gentlemen. GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and BAILIFF (Working),— Age 44, married; thoroughly practical in all branches, the Forcing of all kinds of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, alio good Flower and Kitchen Gardener, good Manager of Land and Stock. Erecting New Buildings, energetic and trustworthy. Six and a half years* good character last pi ice, highest testimonials previous — F. A. HICKS, 1. Gladstone Road. Maidstone, Kent. (^ARDENER (Head), with two or more, \~A or good Single. — Well understands Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Good character and references. — O. F., 35, Parkes Street, Warwick. GARDENER (Head Working), or a place of trust. — Wife can Manage Dairy and Poultry. Staid respectable couple. Eleven years* character. — E. G.. 0.illey & Heath, 177, High Street, Watfird. Herts. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 24 ; nine years' experience in all branches Kxcelliri.t testimonials from previous employers — M. WHITE, I.irkficid Cottage, Aigburth Road, Liverpool. GARDENER (He.-\d Working).— Age 38 ; married, one child. Thoroughly understands the pri,- fession in all its branches. Seven years' character. — G. H., 33, Market Place, Keighley. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40; twenty years' experience in all branches ; Land and Stock. Eight years* recommendation. Wife good Daify- woman, or assist otherwise. — G. L.. Gardencrt Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W,C. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, mirried ; upwards of twenty years' sound practical ex- perience in some ol the leading establishments of the country. — HAROLD, Mr. Wyatt, Hamber Lane, Preston, Wellingto.T, Salop, GARDENER (He.ad Working), where assistance is given. — Age 3S, married when suited ; twenty-five years' experience, fifteen in last situation. Left through death. Practically understands the general routine of Gardening. — J. LEE, 61, Gwyn Street, Bedford. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36, married ; successful Cultivator of Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse PLints. Choice Fruit, Vegetables, &c. Well recommended. —GARDENER, War Coppice, Whitehtll, Bletchingley, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more arekept.— Age 32, married ; ihuroughlv practical with Grapes, Peaches, Melons. Cucumbers, &c, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Flower and Ki chen Gardening —J. G., 15, Amies Street, Latchmere Road, Lavender Hill, S.W. ARDENER (HEAD Working},— Age 43, married, one child at home (age 13) ; thorough ; twenty- seven years' practical experience. Four years' character from present employer. Abstainer.— D. L., Mr. W, H. Smith, Dorset Street, Sevenoaks, Kent. GARDENER (HEAD Working) ; age 28.— R. Preston, late Foreman, Dunlnn Hou>e, Ayrshire, desires engagement as above. Thoroughly practical in all branches of the profession. Good testimonials as to character and abiUties. — Fordell Gardens, Invcrkeilhing. Fifeshir;. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three arc kept.— Age 33, married ; fifteen years' ex- perience in Early and Late Forcmg. Orchid';. Stove and Green- nouse Planis. Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Excellent character.— W E., Mr. Wilson. Ingr.imgate. Thirsk. G^ ARDENER (Head Working), where more are kept.— "Thoroughly experienced in Earlv and Late Forcing of Fruit, Gut Flowers, Stove and Greenhouse Planis, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Land and Stock,— A. C, 23, Salisbury Road, Upper HoUoway, London, N. February 7, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 19s GARDENER (Head Working).— Eight years in last situatioD. Hii^hly reconimcnded. — fi. L., Gardeners' ChronicUO&\ane Street, Bishop Stortford. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 26, married ; cood workman ; thoroughly understands Indoor and Outdoor work. Good character.— H. BROWN, Croydon Road, Beckenham, Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed, or where help is given.)— Understands Forcing if required. Four and a half years in present situation. Eleven jeara' experience. Good character*— J. BOULTARD, The Gardens, Wormley- bury, Hoddesdon, Heits. GARDENER (Single-handed), or SECOND. — Age 26 ; nine years' experience in general routine of Gardening. Good character. ^W. STRANN, Monk- ton, near Ramsgate, Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed, or Second where more are kept).— Age 27, married, two children. Six years' good character from last situation.- 11, Beaconsfield Cottages, Epiom. ARDENER (Second), in the Houses, and to assist Outside if required..— A?e 23 ; gaod character. Abstainer.— H. HARRISON, qa. Alkham Road, Stam'ord HiU, N. ARDENER (Second), where three or more are kept; or FIRST JOURNEYMAN iu the Houses.— Age 21 ; excellent character. — State wages and par- ticulars to WM. CHAPLAIN, Durdham Down Nurseries, Bristol. GARDENER (Second), or JOURNEY- MAN in the Houses in a good establishment, — Age 21; good character— A. WRIGHT, The Gardens. West Barling Hall, Thetford, Norfolk. GARDENER (Journeyman Under), under Head Gardener, or good Foreman, in either Fruit or Plant depirtment, — References on application to F., R. Smaill, Gardener, Rodmersham, near Sittiogboume, Kent. GARDENER (Under), where three or four are kept ; to work in Houses preferred. — Age 22. Good character. — W. H., Wellbury Lodge, Hitchin, Herts. ARDENER (Under), Indoor and Out.— Age 23 ; experienced. Two years and four months excellent character.— ALBERT SHERWIN, Boldre Grange, Lymington, Hants. r^RDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's v..* place.— Age i9>^ ; has been in the Advertiser's employ- inent for three years, and with her approval wishes to better himietf. — Apply, for recommendation and character, to Miss MACALPINE LENY, Speldhurst Rectory, Tunbridge Wells. MTo the Trade. ANAGER or FOREMAN of a Nursery ...», (outside), or BOOK-KEEPER, CLERK, or SHOP- MAN m Warehouse.— Age 30 ; fourteen years' practical experience in both. Good references. Salary moderate — J. W., Scots Bank, Elgin. _ To Nurserymen. Tf OREMAN, or MANAGER, in a Nursery. A- —Wanted, by a man who has had considerable experi- ence, a situation as above : tifteen years in present place, four of which as Manager. Leaving on account of expiration of lease and Nursery being given up. Satisfactory references.— Apply, statmg terms, to T. S. B., Messrs. Hurst & Son, Seed Merchants, 152, Houndsditch, London, E. FOREMAN, or MANAGER (Indoor).— -i- _ The Advertiser requires an engagement as above. Well up in all branches. Foreman in some of the largest London nurseries. First-class references.— J. EASTON, it, Faming- ham Road, Tottenham, Middlesex. npOREMAN (First-CLASS).— Age 27 ; thir- -L teen years' sharp experience. Strong, active, willing. Highest references. Please state particulars.- FOREMAN 13, Faulkner Street, Bishop's Fields, Chester. TjiOREMAN, inthe Houses.— Age 26 ; twelve -L years' experience. Good character from present and previous situations.-C. KINGSWELL, The Gardens, Cbawton House, Alton, Hants. Tj^OREMAN, thorough.— Age 26; Hfe expe- -■- rience in good places. Established character. Active and pushing. Please state particulars.— F. H , 15. Faulkner Street, Bishop's Fields, Chester. TpOREMAN, in a Gentleman's establishment. r* ^^^^^^ ' "Qderstauds Vines. Peaches, Melons. Cucum- bers, Ferns, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Pines. Sixteen ?Sr^ *^^rT^AJlv'"^i°2*'V, J^.°«^ character from situa- tions.—W. GREASLEY, NosteU Priory. Wakefield, Yorkshire "POREMAN (Fruit or General).— Age 26; -M~ Scotch. Has been at Trenth.im and Chatsworth. Can be well recommended.- Full p.irticuLirs on application to GARDENER. Mrs. Davenport, Edcnsor, Bake well, Derbyshire. FOREMAN ; age 25.— Mr. Stagg, Gardener to p. Rawson. E;q , Woodhurst, Crawley, Sussex, can highly recommend his toreman, who has lived with him six years, to any one requiring a trustworthy energetic man. Eleven years* experience. Tj^OREMANjin the Houses.— Age 26 ; eleven -1- years' experience in all branches of the profession, two yeais in present situation. Well recommended from present and previous employers.— M. FlELD, Albury Park Gardens, Guildford, Surrey. TpOREMAN ; age 26.— Mr. Francis, -L Gardener to M. AlLin, Esq , Rosemont, Aigburth, near Liverpool, can highly recommend a thoroughly trustwouhy and energetic man .^s above. Eleven year' practical experience in good establishments. Full ptrticiilars on application. FOREMAN (General), or in the Houses — R. Half, at uresent wiih the Eatl of Aberdeen, wishes for a situation as above. Has been two years in Charge of the Houses and Fruit Garden here. Fourteen years' experi-^nce, First-class testimonials from previous situation.- For characier, Mr. SIMPSON, Dollis. DolHs Hill. Kilburn; N.W. TpOREMAN (General or Departmental). -*-, — Age 25 : £i Bonus to any one being the means of pro- curing Advertiser a situation as above, by the middle of March, m a good Privaie Establishment. First-class experience and character.— ADVERTISER, G. E. Gregg, i, Whitehall Terrace, High Road, Tottenham, Middlesex. Tj^ORKMAN, in a large establishment, or -*- g05d Single handed.— Age 30. single, Scotch ; thoroughly understands the profession in all branches. Strictly sober — F. M , Mayfield, Shooter's Hill, Kent. Tj^OREMAN, or SECOND, in a private estab- J- lishment. —Age 26, single ; good experience in all branches Oood character and references. — Address first to S., Railway tfookstall, Basingstoke, Hants. rpOREMAN, or good SECOND.— Age 30, J- single ; well up in Houses, Early and Late Forcing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Fifteen years' experience. Good character.— G. L., Mr. Spratley, Stationer, Dorking. To Go to America or the Cape! I~ T3LANTSMAN, or GROWER, in a Nursery J- or Private Garden.- Age 37, single ; experienced (expe- rience gained in London Nurseries andiat^ge Piivate Estdbltsh- rnents). Hightst of testimonials as to ability, &c. Abslainer. Would pay passage if required. — Particulars and wages to G. G.. Mr. Porteous, Roddu Lake, Frome, Somersetshire, England. pLANT GROWER.— Age 25 ; has a good J- knowledge of Stove and Greenhouse and Heath Growing Good reference.- E. WARDEN, 3. Vernon Cottages, East Sheen, Mortlake, Surrey. T)ROPAGATOR (JOURNEYMAN), in a Gentle- J- man's establishment.- Age zi ; good experience. Three years' character.-jAS. PORTSMOUTH, 6, South Street, Isleworth. JOURNEYMAN,— Age 22 ; eight years' ex- ^ perience under Glass. Good character.— F. PAICE, Heene Road, West Worthing, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN,-;, Hill, Gardener, The tJ Lawns, Eaton, Norwich, would be glad to recommend a thorough good Journeyman to any Gardener requiring the same, T0"uRNEYMAn7 in^the H7uses.^^ge"2Sl if seven years' experience Two years at Hamble Cliir Gardens, Netty.— W. ARTHUR, East Tytherby, Romsey. Hants. ' TOURNEYMAN. — Age 23; steady and fJ respectable. Gjod workman. Highly recommended by last and present employers. Bothy preferred. — D. MEL- VILLE, The Gardens, St. Vincent's, near Grantham. TOURNEYiMAN, in"a good establishment.— " _ Age 23 ; seven years' experience in Nursery and Gentle- mans garden. Good reference.— E. BUTT, Aimer Rectory Blandford, Dorset. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; Y SIX years' experience, two and a half years in present situation. Bothy prefeited.-A. L. CARTER, ChUwick House. Lhiswick, Middlesex. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good tJ establishment.— Age 20 ; can be well recommended from present and previous places.— C. L., Post-office, Swallowfield Reading, Berks. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good tJ establishment.— Can be well recommended Two years in last situation.— F. E. WHEATLEV. 2. Upper Saxon Street Rasen Lane, Lincoln. TOURNEYMAN.-J. Dale, Gardener to !• v,^^' ^''^^^' ^^'l' Clevelands, Shanklin, I. of W., can highly recommend G. A. Seven years' practical experience, three and a half in present situation. Bothy preferred.- Address as above. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses ; age 22.— y }. Steed.man, Gardener. Ripley Castle, has much pleasure in recommending W. Wesley to the notice of any Gardener who IS in want tf a strong, active, honest and obliging youne man. Has had six years' experience, and been three years with me, in and out of doors.-J. STEEDMAN, Th; Gardens, Ripley Castle, Yorkshire. 'T'O MARKET GARDENERS and J- OTHERS -Advertiser wishes to hear of a situation in the above; would give his services for nominal salary. —Apply m first instance, to S., Estate Office, Rosendale Road. VVest Dulwich. S.E. TMPROVER, or JOURNEYMAN^^hT the Houses, in a Gentleman's garden.- Age to ; three years' exceUent character. -Mr. STEVENS, Gardener, StanagePark, Brampton Bryan, Herefordshire, TMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentle- -•- man's establishment.— Age 19; good references. Bolhy preferred.- W. B., Head Gardener, Chacombe Priory, Banbury. TMPROVER, in the Houses, in a Gentleman's J- garden.— Age 19 ; three and a half years' good character frt ni present situation. Abstainer.- T. H , Mrs. Lessware, East lljrnet Road, New Barnet, Herts, TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's garden. — Age -L 19: four years' experience Indoors and Out. No objec- tion to give a Premium if required. Good characier. Bothy preferred —F. BURTON, Cliff Lodge, Leyburn, Brdale. pOWMAN and GARDENER.— Middle age, Vy mimed, no family ; wife undertake Dairy and Poultry, G)od references.- G. L.. Richardson's Cottage, Bandon Hill, Croydon, Surrey. fyO GARDENERS.— Wanted, a Situation, -*- by a young man (age 19) in a pood eslablishmei.t, under Glass, _ Bolhy preferied. Five years* good character, — G. H. 1*ECKE'1T, The Gardens, Ossinglon Hall, Nolls. '■pb GARDENEPX— Ad^rtisVr~(i^i~2, piuniog .. 2.8 severe weather . ai7 Dion edule ., and their culture .. ai"; Edinburgh School of Political floriculture aia Forestry 2IS Potato improvements .. 317 Eucharis amazonica 310 Propagator, the .. 311 Florist^' fljwers .. 216 Satyrium nepalense . .. 208 Flower garden, the 2f5 Societies : — Forestry . . aio Koyal Horticultural .. aiU ,, exhibition, the com- Unfruitful trees . . ao7 IDK 211 Lfnited Horticultural Fruits under elass 315 Benefit and Provident Fungus in imported Ja- Society . . 2M panese Lilies . . 3lS Vegeubles, Continental Gas-lime for old gardens 317 novelties in 314 Hardy fruit garden, Vines, inarching . . 318 the LH 216 JSTB Weaiher, the JVTIONS. 220 2-9 Membland Hall .. Satyrium nepalense inS 2t6 NOTICE lo SUBSCRIBERS avd OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at DRURY LANE. '^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, ■» IN AMERICA. The SubscriptioD to America, iDcludiag Postage, is $6.35 for Twelve Months. Aeent for America :—C. H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent. SHEFFIELD BOTANICAL and HORTICULTURAL SOCIETV. GRAND EXHIBITION cf PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUIT, at the Botanical Gardens, Sheffield, on FRIDAY and SATURDAY, July j; and 18. TWO HUNDRED and FIFTY POUNDS in PRIZES. Prize Schedules may be had on application to Mr. JOHN EWING. Curator, at the Gardens. LARCH, Strong transplanted, 2 to 3 and 3 to 4 feet. QUICKWOOD, 4 and >; years, extra trans- planted. FOREST TREES and FRUIT TREES, strong transplanted. W. JACKSON AND CO , Nurseries. Bedale, have theabive to dispose of this season, at very moderate prices on appUca- ticn.— Feb. 7, 1885. FOR SALE, in the Midland Counties, 800 STRAWBERRY PLANTS, thoroughly esUbUshed for forcing in fruiting pots, 7-inch. Price viry moderate. Apply to JAMES DICKSON and SONS. Newton Nurseries, Chester. A SPARAGUS, grand Roots for Forcing, 2s. -i^^*" per dozen, lar td. per ico ; strong, for planting, sj. €>d. per 100. SEAKALE, forcing, as. 6d. per dozen, i6j. per loo ; planting, 7s. per dozen, 121. 6d. per 100 RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mercbarts, Worcester. ASPARAGUS.— Strong 2-yr. and 3-yr. Con- nover's Colrssal, aj. and aj. 6d. per loo, 15J, and 20J. per icoD. Bags included. Special quotations for large quantities. E. QUINCEY, Fulney, Spalding. AULIFLOWER PLANTS, Autumn-Sown, strong, as. 6rf. lao, i8j. laoo. CABBAGE PLAN IS, HERBS, LETTUCE, &c., PLANTS, cheap, carriage paid. LIST free of EDWARD LEIGH, Ivy House, Cranleigh, Surrey, To tbe Trade. BROAD BEANS. HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of • WINDSOR and LONGPOD BE.INS 10 offer. Samples and Prices may be had on application. Seed Growing Estabii^hment, Wisbech. GRAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant- ing Canes ; also STRAWBERRIES m pou. LIST en application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryimn, Richmond, Surrey. To the Trade. CUCUMBER SEEDS. — Rollisson's Tele- graph, Veitch's Tender and True, carefully selected Itocic, which may be relied on. Price on application. GEO. COOLING akd SON, Seedsmen. &c., Balh. PAUL'S, WALTHAM CROSS.— ROSES, TREES, EVERGREENS. SHRUBS. CLIMBING PLANTS, FRUIT TREES. GRAPE VINES. CAMELLIAS. BULBS, SEEDS, of every description, of the best quality, and low in price. See Piiced Desciiptive CATA- LOGUES, free by post. WM. PAUL and SON, Paul s Nurseries. Waltham Cross. Garden and Flower Seeds. JOHN DOWNIE, SEEDSMAN, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, begs to intimate that he is now sending out the tiuest stock of the above that muney can buy, and as J. D. is now in business solely on his own account, the most of the Flower Seeds have been saved under his Own supervision, and may be thoroughly relied upon. Rhododendruns. IRELAND AND THOMSON have a mag- nilicent collection of all the finest named varieties covered with flower-buds, also many thousands of Seedlings, Hybrids and Ponticums. Samples and Prices on application. Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre, Granton Road, Edinburgh. Trade Price Current. PETER LAWSON and SON (Limited), Edinburgh, will be glad to Post their CATALOGUE of Garden and Field Seeds upon application. GLADIOLL— Twenty Acres. The largest collection in Euiope. CATALOGUES free, with Cutturai Directions. KELWAV AND SON, Langporl, Somerset. ITcfli Rosefl THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand stock of TEA ROSES in pots. Their plants have been carefully ripened, and are ready to start immediately into growth. CATALOGUES free. The Trade supplied. TTERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.— -*--!- Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write for R. H. VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make your choice from his unrivalled Collection. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. FrultlEg Vines and Strawberries In Pots. "DAUL AND SON have still to supply VINES J- of their U-.U1I quality of the past iwcoty-hve years; and STRAWBERRIES, in large and small pots. Priced LISTSon application. The Old Nursciits, Cheshunt. SPARAGUS.^Extra strong three and four years stuff. Samples and prices on application to THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Toltenham, London, Q U E L C H AND B A R N H A M, Long Market. Covent Garden. London, W.C, REQUIRE a quantity of fine Muscats, for which they can offer good prices, also fine Black Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, choice Flowers, &c, QU E LCH 7^ B A R N H A M, giving personal attention to all consignments, they are thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M. ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and CHEQUES forwarded weekly. BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES. BASKETS and LABELS supplied. WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, have now a demand for Tuberoses, Arum Lilies, White Bouvardias, good Roses, &c. ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, are open 10 RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of To- matos, Cucumbers, Gros Colmar, Alicante, and Muscat Grapes. ANTED, by a Stand Holder in Covent Garden Flower Maiket, best CUT FLOWER to Buy or Sell on ccmmission. Apply to J. KILMAN, Florist, Chingford, Essex. Florists' and Seedsmen's A WANTED, CATALOGUES. J. J. AND W. OAKEY, Pleasure Gardens, Preston WTo Norfierymen. ANTED, AUCUBAS, Irish IVIES, , .„r.r,^F°'^^^'^S' PR'VETS, ovalifoliuro. ACACIAS LABURNUMS, Red MAY. and Silver POPLARS. Samples and Prices to be sent to Mr. W. T. BARBER. 17, Belsize Crescent, Hampstead, N. W. (Price to include delivery, free, to goods stations in London). WANTED, MAIDENHAIR FERNS, = ,.. /OS'^?: "GARDENIAS, TUBEROSES, EUCHA- RIS. and other CHOICE CUT STUFF. WILLIAM DENMAN, Salesman anti Horticultural Agecl, Covent Garden. W.C. VyANTED, Six large PEACH TREES, JrX-,^ 5 'o 7 feet stem. 8 feet heads ; one large STEPHA- NOTIS. and 500 beddmg GERANIUMS in store pots, scarlet, white, and pink. J- E. ALLEN. The Vineries. Counterthorpe, Rugby. Q Trade List of Home-grown Seeds. CHARLES SHARPE and CO.'S Whole- sale CATALOGUE of Seeds is now ready, and will bo forwarded, p^st-free, on application. CHARLtS SHARPE and CO., Seeti Merchants and Growers, Sleaford. To tbe Trade. 1885.— NEW FLORISTS' FLOWERS.— 1S8;. OUR SPECIAL LIST of the above is now ready, arid will be forwarded on applicalicn. We are introducing this year many novelties of stciling merit, and the plants are strong and healthy. R. B. LAIRL) AND SONS, successors to Downie & Laird, Royal Winter Garden, Edinburgh. SCOTCH FIR, guaranteed True Native, our own collectiiif;, $i. td. per pound. R. AND A. MGRRlbON, The Nurseries. Elgin. To WboleBale Customers. U I C K S. — 1st size, strong, 21s. per locxi ; 2d ditto, i6r. p)er looo ; 3d ditto, i^s. per tooo, B. SLOCUCK. Upton Court Faim, Slough, Bucks. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 18S4-5.— Our Descriptive Priced LIST is now ready, and can be had free on application to T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston-on-Thames. Hyaclnthus caudlcans. BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 505. per 1000. Orape Vines, Roses, and Fruit Trees. IRELAND AND THOMSON beg to an- nounce that their stock of the above is this year specially fine, and now ready to send out. Descriptive CATALOGUE with prices on applicating. Nurseries : Craigleiih, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre, Granton Road, Edinburgh. ROSES. — The finest Show and Decorative varieties, strong, robust, hardily grown plants, from 51. per dozen, 401. per 100 and upwards. Srandaids, fiom lis. per dozen, qjs. per ico and upwards. Many thousands to select from. JAMES DICKSON & SONS, "Newton" Nurseries, Chester. "DOSES.— ROSES. — Forty dwarf H.P.'s -*-*' and 12 Teas of finest named varieties for 2ii , Cash. EDWIN HILLIER, Nurseiies, Winchester. D OSES.— ROSES.— ROSES.— Fifiy choice J-^ Perpeluals sent on receipt of remittance fur lis : pur- chaser's selection from 400 best vaiieties. List of names on ap- plication. Twenty -four choice Standards, or Half-standarde, a 1 s. JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery, Exeter, Devon. IJRIVET, Strong bushy oval-leaved, 4 to 5 L feet, suitable for Hedges. Common LAURELS, strong, bushy, 3 to 4 feet. Samples and Prices on application to T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, King;ton-on-Thames. SURPLUS STOCKTbe^tifurSpecimens of ORNAMENTAL and EVERGREEN TREES, in per- fect condition for removal, at extraordinarily low prices. Special LIST, just published, on application. RICHARD SMITH anu CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. EATHS a SPECIALTY. — The finest Collection of HEATHS, AZALEAS, atd HARD- WOODED STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS gener- ally in the country. An inspection solicited T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurserief^, Kingston-on-Thimes ARR'S COLLECTIONS of SEEDS for Flower or Kitchen Garden, for Home or Abroad. Par- chasers can make any alterations they please. CATALOGUE free on application. BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. "VTEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Orders are -i-^ now being booked for the New Varieties of 1884-5 at los. per doz. : Cuttings, 1883-4 Varieties, 4J. per dor. ; be-t t>ld Varieties, ir. 6f/. per doz. ; Rooted Cuttings, 6,/. per doz extra Post-free for P.O. CATALOGUE one sump R. OWEN. Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead. SEAKALE.— Fine Forcing and Planting. ASPARAGUS, very fine, 3 yearf, THE ROYAL NORFOLK NURSERIES COMPANY (lateEwiNCs), Eaton, Norwich. TyANTED, POTATO, Victor, Sharpe's wTo...... Eat'v- State quantity and price 10 AUSTIN AND McASLAN, 16, Buchanan Street, Glasgow. ASPARAGUS (Connover's Colossal).— Four years, fine strong Roots, 51. per roo. Cash with order. JOHN ETHERINGTON DIXON, Seed Grower, Gainsborough. A SPARAGUS ROOTS (Harwood's Giant). -*^^ Very strong and fit for abundant prod uce the first season ; per 100. 71. 6d. ; extra, immense roots, per 100, 10s. 6d. HOOPER AND CO.. Covent Garden. London. W.C. Grape Vines. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have this season a giand stock o( Grape Vines, suitable (or Fruiting in Pots and Planting in Vineries. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade supplied. The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool 198 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 14, 1885. SALES BY AUCTION. To Gardeners, Florists, and Nurserymen. loo Lots of Rare ORCHIDS, HOTHOUSE PLANTS, and valuable GARDEN EFFECTS. MES.SRS. LIDSTONE will SELL the above by AUCTION, at Meyerton House, Polegate, Sussex, 1^^ mile from Hailsham and Polegate Stations on the L. B. & S. C. R.. on FRIDAY, February 27, at 12 o'Cloclc precisely. Catalogues of the Auctioneers, no, Cannon Street,London,E.C. Tuesday Next. 2000 ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.B. from the best localities. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT, February 17, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., 20O0 ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.^, imported some months since and all starting into growth, from the localities whence come the finest varieties. Also fine im- ported plants of the larije flowered variety of ODONTOGLOS- SUM VEXILLARIUM, ODONTOGLOSSUM LUTEO- PURPUREUM, variety from Anlioquea, CATTLEYA GIGAS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/E. HUGH LOW AND CO. referring to the Advertisement inserted above, beg to notify that for a considerable time past they have had a very careful and experienced collector, Mr. George T. White, en- gaged in visituig the localities whence come the finest varieties of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA. Large quantities have been received from time to time, which have been retained until the plants started mto growth, so that buyers will not run the least risk. The 2coo offered have already made fine young growth, they are all in pots, and are in evey respect a most promising lot of plants. Clapton Nursery, London, E. Wednesday Next. LILIUM AURATUM, ROSES, and PLANTS from Belgium. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February i8, at half-past 12 o'Glock precisely, 10,000 very fine Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM. just received from Japan, in splendid condition ; a consignment of AZALEAS, PALMS, DRAC^NAS, and other PLANTS from Belgium ; 400 Stand- ard and other ROSES from a well-known English Nursery; 2000 Berlin crowns of LILY of the VALLEY, 2000 Double African TUBEROSES, 1000 GLADIOLI of sorts, a fine assortment of the best varieties of Hardy English-grown LILIES. Double White PRIMULAS, and various other PLANTS and BULBS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. LILIUM AURATUM.— To the Trade. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, on WEDNESDAY NEXT. 10.000 exceedingly fine Bulbs, just received from Japan in splendid condition. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Deal, Kent— Important Clearance Sale. By order of the Executors of the late Mr. W. H. Newmg, MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Pre- mises, The Field, Middle Deal, and St. Andrew's Nurseries, close to St. Andrew's Church, Deal, on WEDNESDAY, February \Zy at 12 o'CIock precisely, without reserve, the whole of the thriving NURSERY STOCK, comprising acoo Border Shrubs, in fine condition for removal ; Hollies, Laurustinus, Auriculas, Laurels, 5000 fine Euonymus, Ornamental Trees, Fruit Trees, Roses, and an assortment of Deciduous Shrubs. May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Pre- mises: of Messrs. MERCER. EDWARDS and CO., Solicitors. 19 and zo, Queen Street, Deal ; and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G. N.B.— TheTwo NURSERIES, with the Glassl Erections, TO BE LET, on most advantageous terms, either separately or together. Full particulars of the Auctioneers. Friday Next. WHITE L^LIA ANCEPS. MESSRS, PROTHEROE AND MORRIS have received instructions from Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co., to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, February 20, at half.past 12 o'CIock precisely, a grand importa- tion of WHITE L^LIA ANCEPS, including many magnifi- cent masses with 200, 300, and 400 Bulbs. Also ODONTO- GLOSSUM CRISPUM (ALEXANDR.H) ol the finest type, in large masses and .splendid condition. ONCIDIUM KRA- MERIANUM, CATTLEYA TRIAN/K, L/ELIA MAJALIS, L. AUTUMNALIS, EPIDENDRUM NEMORALE, &c. Also established MASDEVALLIA CHIMA:RA, M. RACE- MOSA CROSSI. M. TROCHILUS, M. HARRYANA. and M, SHUTTLEWORTHI. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Flowering Orchids.— Special Sale. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg to announce that their ne.tt SPECIAL SALE of FLOWERING ORCHIDS will take place on TUESDAY, February 24, and they will be glad to receive Entries by the 17th inst. Aspley Guise, Beds. UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE, by order of Mr. W. Handscomb. Sen., who is retiring. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Mount Pleasant Nursery, Aspley Guise, about 2 miles from Woburn Sands and Kidpemnnt Stations, London and North-Western Railway, on WEDNESDAY, February 25, at 12 o'CIock pre- cisely, the whole of the valuable NURSERY STOCK, com- prising large quantities of Conifers in variety, an assortment of choice American Plants, 2000 fine Limes, clean grown trees ; Fruit Trees, Roses, Spring Cart, Tools, and EflTccts. May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, or of the Auctioneers, 67 and 63, ('heapside, London, E.C. N.B. The valuable FREEHOLD ESTATE, of 2 Acres in extent, with a commanding frontage to the High Road, to be SOLD. Apply to the Auctioneers, as above. Wood Green, N. CLEARANCE SALE.— To FLORISTS and OTHERS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Lordship Nursery, Wood Green. N., on FRIDAY, February 27. at 12 o'CIock precisely, the BENEFICIAL INTEREST in the LEASE of the NURSERY, comprising about an Acre of Laud, with brick-built Dwelling-house and Stable ; there are eleven Greenhouses, all heated by hot-water, and in good wotkmg condition, which will be included in the purchase. After the Sale of the Lease will be offered in Lots, without the least reserve, the whole of the well-grown STOCK, including gcoo Adiantums, Pteris, 1000 Palms and Dracaenas, 150 store boxes of Ferns, containing about 7000 good plants; Carpet-bedding Plants, and large quantities of other Stock ; capital Market VAN, &c. May now be viewed. Catalogues and full particulars of the Nursery may be had ou the Premises, or of the Auctioneeis, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. Warminster, Wilts. Re}. Wheeler.— In Liquidation.-IMPORTANT SALE of VALUABLE FREEHOLD PROPERTIES. To Nurserymen. Builders, and Others. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS (in conjunction with Messrs. Harding & Sons) are in- structed to SELL by AUCTION, at the " Bath Arms " Hotel, Warminster, on TUESDAY, March 3, at 3 o'CIock precisely, by order of the Trustees, the valuable Freehold NURSERY GROUNDS, with comfortable DWELLING-HOUSES, OUT- BUILDINGS and OFFICES, extensive HOTHOUSE and GREENHOUSE ERECTIONS, Brick PITS, &c. and the GOODWILL of the Old-established BUSINESS: also several productiveGARDENS.possessingchoice FREEHOLD BUILDING SITES, the whole conveniently situate in the Town of Warminster, near the Railway Station, and only three hours' journey from London. Offering an excellent opportunity to Nurserymen requiring a thoroughly genuine Old-established Business and others desirous of securing Land in the best part of the Town for Building Purposes. "The purchaser or pur- chasers of these Properties will have the great advantage of securing, at unreserved Auction prices, any of the Trees and Shrubs growing in the Grounds at the extensive SALE of NURSERY STOCK, commencing WEDNESDAY, March 4. Particulars and Conditions of Sale may be had on the Pre- mises, at the place of Sale, of Messrs. SPARKES and POPE, Solicitors, Exeter and Crediton ; of Messrs. CHILTON and GREEN-ARMYTAGE, Solicitors, Bristol ; of Messrs. WAKE- MAN AND BLACK, Solicitors, Warminster ; of Messrs. HARDING AND SONS. Auctioneers, Frome and Warminster ; and of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Warminster, Wilts. Re James Wheeler. — In Liquidation.- GREATCLEARANCE SALE of about 40 ACRES of NURSERY STOCK. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS (in conjunction with Messrs. Harding & Sons) will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the various Ninrseries situate at or near Warminster, on WEDNESDAY, March 4, and following days, at 12 o'CIock precisely each day, without the least reserve, the whole of the valuable NURSERY STOCK, extending over 40 Acres, including an enormous num- ber of Trees and Shrubs of young growth, and an extraordinary stock of large Conifers, Evergreen and Deciduous Shrubs, in- valuable to Noblemen. Gentlemen, and others largely engaged in planting. The Stock includes 5003 Green Hollies, i to 2 feet ; 3600 English Yews, 2j^ feet ; 30,000 Common and Caucasican Laurels, 9 inches to 3 feet ; 7000 Portugal Laurels, i4.,c03 Firs and Pines, 10,000 hybrid and named Rhododendrons, i to 5 feet : 50,000 Larch. 2 to 5 feet ; 7000 Privet, 15,020 Thorns, ij^ to 2 feet; so.oco Hazel, \'% to 4 feet ; 35,000 Ornamental and Forest trees, such as Limes, Beech, Poplars. Oaks, Chestnuts, &C. ; 8000 Standard and Pyramid Apples and Pears, 2000 Stan- dard and Dwarf Roses, GREENHOUSE PLANTS, and other Stock, too numerous to mention. May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises; of Messrs. SPARKES and POPE, Solicitors, Exeter and Crediton ; Messrs. CHILTON and GREEN-ARMYTAGE, Solicitors, Bristol ; Messrs. WAKEMAN and BLACK. Solicitors, Warminster ; W. H. PHILLIPS, Esq., Chartered Accountant, i, Small Street, Bristol ; Messrs. HARDING and SONS, Auctioneers, Frome and Warminster; and of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS. Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Extraordinary Form of White Lselia ancepa. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., at an early date, ffreat masses in e.xtra condi- tion of a most superb WH ITE L/ELI A ANCEPS. undoubtedly the finest pure white species ever offered. The whole flower is pure white, and very large, the throat striped crimson and the lip over an inch across. Mr. Edward Klaboch, who has col- lected these masses, states that the flowers are of great substance. We consider this the finest White Laclia anceps ever introduced. (See dried flowers.) Further particulars will appear. Monday Next.-(Sale No. 6S46.) 5000 LILIUM AURATUM, from Japan, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCl'iON, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY NEXT, February 16, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, a consignment of 5000 LILIUM AURATUM, and 300 extra fine L. KRAMERI, just received from Japan in the finest possible condition ; FREES1A REFRACTAiind F. R. ALBA, TUBEROSES. Home-grown LIMES, EUCHARIS. AMARYLLIS, and other BULBS ; a few good BORDER PLANTS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wedneaday Next.— (Sale No, 6849.) SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 18. King Street, CoventGarden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February .8, at half past li o'clock precisely, a collection of FLOWERING ORCHIDS, including many fine Cattleyas, Lailias, Odonto- glossums, Masdevallias.Dendrobiums, and Oncidiums, 1 3 strong plants of the Chatsworth variety of Ccciogyne cristata, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6848.) ROSES, FRUIT TREES, HARDY PLANTS, &c. MR. j. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at hi.^ Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February 18, at half-past 13 o'CIock precisely, first-class Standard and Dwaif ROSES, from French and English Nurseries ; FRUIT TREES of sorts, a consignment of PLANTS from Germany, choice named BORDER PLANTS, LILIES, GLADIOLI, and other HARDY BULBS and ROOTS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6849.) ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/«, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February 18, an importation of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEX- ANDR.K in splendid masses, and a variety of Terrestrial ORCHIDS from Messrs. F. Horsman & Co. Also 4000 PAMPAS GRASS PLUMES from America, a few BO- TANICAL BOOKS, general HERBARIUM, &c. On view mornmg of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 685--.) VERY LARGE IMPORTATIONS of MEXICAN ORCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS willl SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT, February 19, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, an extensive importation of ORCHIDS from Mexico, consisting of a grand lot of Lailia anceps, new white type : Odontoglossum Insleayi splendens and O. leopardinum, O. maculatum, O. Cer- vantesii ; Lselia majalis, Cattleya citrina, La:Iia autumnalis, Oncidium tigrinum, Lalia albida, Odontoglossum nebulobum, Mormodes iuxatum eburneum,;Odontoglossum citrosmum album, and O. roseum. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Stoke Park. Slocgli. ORCHIDS, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions to offer for SALE by AUCTION, on the Pre- mises, as above, without reserve, about the SECOND WEEK in MARCH, the ENTIRE COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c.. formed by E. J. Coleman. Esq. Further particulars in next Advertisement. AuctionRoomsandOfiices,38, King Street,Covent Garden, W.C. Spring Planting. GREAT CLEARING SALE. MR. DAVID MITCHELL will SELL by PUBLIC AUCTION, as under, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY. February 24 and 25, at 11 o'CIock forenoon prompt, at Bangholm Nursery, Inverleith Row, and Windle- strawlee, Granton Road, Edinburgh. THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited) will dispose of as above, as the Land must be cleared, an extensive collection ol FOREST and ORNA- MENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, FRUIT TREES, and BUSHES : splendid Specimeu RHODODENDRONS, HOLLIES, &c All without any reseive. Catalogues may be had from the Auctioneer, Mr. DAVID MITCHELL, 6, Comely Bank j at i, George IV. Bridge ; or at the Nursery. Inspection of the Stock invited, and all orders entrusted to the Auctioneer will be carefully attended to. FLORIST'S BUSINESS REQUIRED within 10 miles of London, comprising about an acre of Ground with Greenhouses. Address, stating terms and particulars, V., GanUners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Tb"~BE~DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEED BUSINESS. A splendid going concern. One of the finest io existence, doing a large and profitable trade. An unusual opportunity. Apply (by letter only) to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS. 67 and 68, Cheapside. London. E.C. TO BE DISPOSED OF, a NURSERY, SEED, and CUT FLOWER BUSINESS^ doing a first-class trade in one of the best manufacturing districts in the North of England, consisting of Pinery, three large Vineries, two Peach Houses, and the following Houses, all separate — Camellia and Lapageria, Eucharis and Melon, Rose and Show, with Seed Shop, Pits and Frames, Stable, Packing Sheds, and a good Dwelling House. AH well fitted up. in good repair, and first-class workmg order. Well stocked with plants. All Free- hold property, standing on an acre of ground. Satisfactory reasons given for owner's selling. For particulars apply to HURST and SON, 15J, Hounds- ditch, London, E. To Kurserymen and Others. TO BE DISPOSED OF, 150 Acres of FREEHOLD HEATHLAND (immediate possession), at the very low price of 3000 Guineas. Suitable for a Nursery ; good Land for Fruit and Shrubs of all description ; .ilso good Building Sites. Eight miles from Bournemouth, 3 miles Irom Ringwood, five minutes to Westmoores Station. For particulars apply to C. H. RATSCH, Manager, The Wmter Gardens, Bournemouth. To Nurserymen. Florists. Gardeners, and Othera. FLORIST'S BUSINESS. FOR SALE, by Private Treaty, as a going concern, all that well known and remunerative FREE- HOLD BUSINESS PREMISES, called Guildford Street Nurseries, within two minutes' walk of the Barton Railway Station, Hereford, the property of Uriah Hain, Florist, who is relinquishing business on account of declining years. The Property comprises a modern and substantially brick-built Resi- dence, cilled Blenheim House, with several Perches of Free- hold Garden Ground, a number of Span-roof and Lean-to Glass Houses, with Hot-water and other Heating Apparatus, Hot and Cr-ld Pits, and Potting Sheds ; together with the Stock-in-Trade, consisting of a well-grown and healthy lot of Bedding, miscel- laneous assortment ol useful Greenhouse and Hardy Outdoor Plants, in popular demand ; small collection of useful Nursery Stock, Horticultural Requisites. Tools, and absolute Goodwill. A splendid opportunity for an enterprising young msn or gentle- man's gardener with smalt capital desirous of retiring from service. One-half or so of purchase money can remain on mort- gage, if required. For further particulars, apply to GEO. H. BARLOW, Estate and Property Agent, Hereford. OR SALE, FREEHOLD LAND, near Hampton Station : a charming inclosure of »J4 Acres of fine old Meadow Land, rich topsoil and deep gravel subsoil ; drains to any depth. Adjoins the ground of a noted firm of Bulb Growers, and is well adapted for Nurserymen, Florists, &c. Z350 per Acre. A Urge portion can remain. Apply to Mr. J. EM BLETON, Suffolk House. New H.impton. TO LET, on a 21 Years' Lease, or for SALE, a well b-iilt SIX-ROOMED VILLA, and nearly an ACRE of LAND, specially adapted for Glass and Nursery purposes. It is near Hampton Station, and immediate posses- sion can be had. Apply to Mr. J. EMBLETON, Suffolk HouM.New Hampton. Fbbruary 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 199 Important to Florists, Nurserymen, Market GROWERS and OTHERS. TO BE LET, on LEASE, or SOLD with possession, the valuable FREEHOLD ESTATE Icnowa as Osborn's Nursery, Sunbury, Middlesex, comprising 17 Acres of excellent Land with Dwelling-house. Stabling, Sheds, and all the extensive range ot modem and recently-erected Green- houses. The Estate having a frontage of iioo feet to the hiah road, possesses a great prospective value for Building purposes. Full particulars raay be obtained of Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapstde, E.G. To Florists, Market Growers, and Others. TO liE LET ON LEASE (near Brighton), a SEMI-DETACHED VILLA RESIDENCE, with good Flower Garden and four Glasshouses, Peach-house. 104 feet lOLg, and three sets Frames, &c. A rare opportuoity for an enterprising young man with small capital, or would suit tradesman retiiing from business, and requiring nice residence with good garden in a heaiihy locality. For further p.^rticulars and orders to view, apply to Mrs. HOLFORD HURST. Wickham, Hurslpierpoint ; or Mr. YARNELL, House and Estate Agent, Bognor, Sussex PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, HORTicuL- Ti'RAL Market Garden and Estate Auctionekrs and Valuers, 67 aud 68, Cheapside. London, EC, and at Leytoo- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. To Landed Proprietors, &c. AMcINTYRE (late of Victoria Park) is • now at liberty to undertake the FORMATION and PLANTING of NEW GARDEN and PARK GROUNDS and REMODELLING existing GARDENS. Plans prepared. 115, Listria Park, Siamford Hill, N. JOHN KENNARD'S Horticultural Si;ndries. Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Pottery Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisite. Swan Place, Old Kent Road. S.E. Established 1854. For6sti TrfifiR IRELAND AND THOMSON have an ex- tensive and healthy stock of Seedling and Transplanted Forest Trees, including Ash. Alder, Birch, Elm, Austrian Pine, from 6 in. to 1% ft. ; Scotch Fir, Larch, Spruce, Black Spruce, Laricio. Beech, Thorns. Maple. Oak, Poplars, Thorn Quick, Chestnuts, Haiel, &c. Special offers on application. Nursenes : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre, Granton Road, Eduiburgh. ULBS for SPRING PLANTING, of all sorts. JAPANESE MAPLES, JAPANESE LILIES, choice Seeds of our own saving ; choice New Zealand Seeds : NEW MAGNOLIAS, ZAMIAS from the Cape, North American Hardy Plants; CALOCHORTI, FREESIAS, GLADIOLI, &c. See our Spring LISP, No. 72. just issued. NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Colchester. ENDER'S BALSAMS. —We save only from finest double Camellia-like flowers, and we are con- fident our strain is far superior to any other offered. Colours rich, beautifully mottled and striped. Eight varieties, separate, 25, &/. HENDER'S PETUNIA GRANDIFLORA. well known to be the finest strain ; flowers beautifully mottled and itriped Single. 2J. per packet. HENDER AND SONS. Nursery, Plymouth. GLADIOLL— The best in cuUivation, cheap. From the grand collection of varieties which gained the First Prize at Crystal Palace, Dundee International, and other principal Flower Shows. Intending purchasers should send for CATALOGUE to ALEX. E. CAMPBELL. Cove Gardens, Gourock, N.B. OSES — ROSES — ROSES. Extra Strong Dwarf. GLOIRE DE DIJON, 40J. per 10-. HYBRID PERPETUALS. finest show varieties, 255. per 100. Really first-class stuff. Samples on applicaiion- Cash or good reference (rom unknown correspondents. THOS. GRIFFITHS, Old Tillington Nurseries, Tillington, Hereford. To Osier Growers, Baslcet Makers, and Kurser^men. BRADFORD AND SONS, Yeovil, Somerset, now Grow and Cut yearly 100 acres and upwards of OSIER BEDS, and will quote prices to the Trade, according to quantity required. Samples and prices of Osier " Sets " on application. ISAAC DAVIES and SON have still a large surplus stock of RHODODENDRONS. Hybrid Seedlings and named kinds, well set with buds; AZALEA MOLLIS. DAVIESII.and other choice varieties - DAPHNE MEZEREUM, white and red: SKIMMIA JAPONICA. and ERICA HERBACEA ALBA (now in flower). Also Sweet-scented RHODODENDRONS, and other Choice Hybrids, well set with buds. Priced CATALOGUE on application. Ormskitk, Lancashire. Tuberous Begonias. EOWEN offers his magnificent strain, the • result of many years' selection and hybridising. Tubers selected when in bloom. In colours or mixed, single, 3J. td. to lo^. 6^, per dozen; double (warranted double) 51. to -zn. per dozen. Seed, is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. single, zs. 6d. and 51, double. See BEGONIA LIST for cpinions of Horticultural Press, on application— one stamp. The Floral Nurseries. Maidenhead. ASH, common, 2 to 3 feet, clean, 17^-. per looo ; 3 to 4 feet, 20S. per 1000. ELMS, 1% to 2 feet, 14J. per 1000 ; 2 to 3 feet, 1 7J. per 1000; English, 3 feet, 25J. per 1000. CHESTNUT, Spanish, 2 to 3 feet. 22J. per 1000 ; 15 to 20 inches, i6s. per icos. LARCH, 14 to 24 inches, laj, £<;. per icoo ; 2 10 2J4 feet, 165. per icoo ; 3 to 4 feet, iSs. per loco ; 4 to 5 feet, 24J. per tooo. SPRUCE FIR, 1 to 1% fool, j2S. per loco ; ij< to 2 feet, 13J. per icoo ; 2 to 2j^ feet, bushy, i6s. per 1000, SCOTCH FIR, i-yr,, 2-yr. transplanted, i2j. per 1000 • a to 2% and 3 feet, i?s. per loco. SILVER FIR, 4-yr. trans- planted, 22i. per ICOO. HAZEL, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 1000. Oaks, 18 to 20 inches, i6j. per loco ; 2 feet, 20J. per loco. PRIVET, Evergreen. 2 feet, 15s. per 1000; i to i>^ foot. i2,r. periooo; OVALI FOLIUM, 2 10 2j^ feet. 3&r. per 1000 ; Oval, I foot, 20J. periooo. SYCAMORE, ij^ to 2 feet, 14J. per 1000. THORNS, 1% to 2 feet, 12s. €d. per 1000 ; 2 to 2^ feet, j6s. per icoo; 3 to 3^^ feet. iSs. per tozo. CATALOGUES on application to GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer, N.B. The R.H.S. FIRST PRIZE TOMATO CARTERS' Post free. PERFECTION. pH. Quite distinct from, and superior to, any other variety called "Perfection." PARTCPQ' Seedsmen by Urtn I LrlO Royal Warrant To H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. AMONGST THE BEST NEW ROSES are :— H. P. GLOIRE LYONNAISE, strong dwarfs. 8^. each. TEA, SUNSET, the new American yellow, 5s. each. H. P. MERVIELLE DE LYON, ). . .,,.- „ ^. H. P. WHITE BARONESS, T^'^ "^* ^^'^^ ^■^- ^ H. P. GRANDEUR OF CHESHUNT. the freest perpetuals. ALPHONSE SOUPERT, ECLAIR, and the best of the new French Roses. ROSE SPECIES and SINGLE ROSES, strong dwarfs. STANDARDS, as fine as in the autumn, of Hybrid Perpetuals. Magnificent STANDARDS of TEAS, now out of danger from frost. DWARF TEAS, in pots and in ground, by the 100 or 1000. Special Offer of Dwarf Roses. All the best old sorts, in Tnagnificent plants, our selection, 605, per 100. PAUL AND SON, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt. EXTRA CHOICE SEEDS. ELLIOTT'S PRIZE COCKSCOMB, the best strain in cultivation. Awarded a Certificate by the Royal Horticultural Society, js. 6d. per packet. ELLIOTT'S SELECTED FRENCH MARIGOLD, extra large and fine lor exhibition, is. per packet. BALSAM. Camellia- flowered, extra fine strain, is. per packet. PETUNIA, extra fine selected, free flowering, large and attractive, is. 6d. per pacltet. ASTERS, the finest German collections, is. 8d. to 2S. ^d, per collection, 12 vars. STOCK. Ten-week, the finest exhibition strain. 2J. 6d. per collection. 12 vars. GERMAN SCABIOUS, exceedingly beautiful for the flower garden and for cutting, is. 2d. per collection, 10 vars. ZINNIA ELEGANS, magnificent strain, is. 8rf. per collection, 10 vars. ELLIOTT'S YORKSHIREMAN CUCUMBER, fine exhi- bition veriety, js. 6rf. per packet. INESON'S PRIZETAKER CUCUMBER, ofiered now for the first time. Has won prizes at all the leading shows in this district, r^-. 6d. per packet. COOLING'S NE PLUS ULTRA DWARF BEAN, the most prolific forcing variety, 2S. 6d, per quart. CATALOGUES of Choice Vegetable and Flower Seeds on application to G. E. ELLIOTT. Seedsman. Huddersfield. GIANT SCARLET BROMPTON STOCk! —Producing splendid large double flowers with .spikes i}4 to 2 feet long. New seed, grown in 1884, price is. and IS. 6d. per packet, post-free. JOHN ETHEKINGTON DIXON. Seed Grower. Gains- borough. SEED POTATOS.— Special Offer.— Old Ash- leaf, ys. ; Myall's and Rivers' ditto, 55.; White Elephant, 6s.; Early Rose, 5^.; Magnum Bonum, 41.; Beauty of Hebron, 6s.; Reading Hero, 5^. per bushel. Less quantities, 3(/. per peck more : bags ^d. each. All true and free on Rail. MORLE AND CO., Child's HiII Farm, N.W. ; small quantities at, and letters to be addressed, i and 2, Fenchurch Street, E.G. ILIUM AURATUM.— Special Offer.— Another large consignment just to hand. Splendid firm sound BULBS, 6 to 8 and 8 to 10 inches in circumference, 2S.f. and 35f. per 100. 41. and 6s. per dozen. Cheapest for quality ever offered. Samples twelve stamps. Please order quickly. Messr'^. MORLE and CO., 1 and 2. and 167A, Fenchurch Street, E.C Packages and Parcels Post Free. TDALMS, strong, healthy, splendidly foliaged. -^ — Latania borbonica and Seaforthia elegans, 20 inches high, lay. per dozen ; sample plant, is. ^d ; Laiania borbonica and Seaforthia elegans. 12 inches high, 25^. per 100 ; sample dozen, ^s. Puslal Orders to The GARDENER. Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N. Surplus Stock. f) OSES.— Standard and Dwarf Hybrid Per- *J petuals. Bourbons. Tea-scented. &c., in upwaids of aco varieties, all fine plants, to be sold at vory low prices. Special quotations will be given, and Catalogue sent, on application. CRANSTON NURSERY and SEED CO. (Limited) King's Acre, Hereford. ' N.B.— AU the best of the New Continental and English Roses will be ready in Strong Plants early in April. Orchids. rpnE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL J- CO. (John Cowan). Limited, have at present a grand stock of DENDROEIUMS, in variety, and other East Indian ORCHIDS, also CATTLEYAS and other valuable ORCHIDS from Soiith America, and they are constantly receiving fresh importations. Price LISTS and full particulars on application. The MANAGER, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool. T A R C H . -L A R C H .— L A R C H .— J— ^ Special Cheap Offer to clear ground. 3 feet and over 20s. per 1000. Also SPANISH CHESTNUT, s to 6 feet Seedling OAK, and other FOREST TREES. GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst. LOVEL'S STRAWBERRY PLANTS.— GREENHOUSE, 5J. per 100, 40s. per 1000. GARDEN, 2S. 6d. per 100, 20i. per 1000. Sample and Pamphlet, post-free, 4d. W. LOVEL AND SON. Strawberry Growers, Driffield. Caladiums, ~P G. HENDERSON AND SON'S J--J« SUPERB COLLECTION. Fine bulbs. Post-free. 12 distinct and beautiful varieties, Gj. and 12s.; 12 choice and rare varieties, 21s.; 12 new and golden-leaved vaiieties, 42^.; 50. choice collection, 50 varieties. 6;is. ACHIMENES.— 12 distinct varieties, is. 6d.; i2do,, 3corms of each. 4^.; 12 do,, 6 corms of each, yj. ; 12 fur exhibition, 12 corms of each, i5f. ; 100 corms in 50 varieties, aii.; loocotmsin 25 varieties, 15^. GESNERAS.— 12 varieties, 51. GLOXINIA. — 12 strong bulbs, 6s.: 12 rare and beautiful, selected for exhibition, 105. 6J. and 21s. BEGONIAS. — Strong bulbs, beautiful collection, 21J.; la un- named, from choice strain, 6s., gs. 1 nnO liEAUTIFUL BULBOUS ROOTS forlhe Flower ■M.\J\J\J Garden. A revised selection for present planting, 2i,T.; half the collection, lu. 6d. Lilies, Oxalis, Belladonna Lily, Crocosina aurea. Narcissus, Commelyna, Watsonia, Marvel of Peru, Gladiolus, Tiiteleia uniflora, Schiznstylis coccinea. Ranunculus, Starch and Tasseled Hyacinths, Colchicum, Helle- borus. Jonquils, Zephyranthes ; Scilla, white, blue, and red ; Snowflake; Iris, Spanish, English, and Getmnn; Ornilhogalum, Poppy- flowered Star and Mountain Anemones, Lily of the Valley. Solomon's Seal, Star of Bethlehem, Alliums of sorts. Peacock-eyed Iris and Snakeshead Iris, the Dracon Arum and white blotched leaved Arums, Amaryllis, Jacobjca Lilv. Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale, London, N.W. New Vegetable Seeds. TEFFERIES' LITTLE QUEEN COS O LETTUCE, per packet, 6d. and is. The most distinct Lettuce ever sent out. Very early, very compact, and good flavour. Mr. Wakd, Gardener to W. H. Budgett, Esq., Sloke House. Bristol, ^ays: — "It is without excepticm ihe best Lettuce I have ever grown. It is of good flavour, crisp, and .stands longer than any Lettuce without running to seed." For other Novelties see New Seed CATALOGUE, post-free on application to JOHNJEFFERIESandSONS. Royal Nurseries, Cirencester. NIPHETOS ROSES.— Extra fine Plants, in 5-inch pots, fit for immediate forcing, per dozen, 91. ; per 100, 65 J. F. STREET, Heatherside Nurseries. Fatnborough Station, Hants. LAING'S BEGONIA SEED. GOLD MEDAL STRAIN, from our Prize Plants. New crop now harvested. Sealed packets. CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, 15. and 2s. 6d. per packet ; 5s extra large packets. Double varieties, 2S. id. and <,s. per packet. COLLECTIONS, 12 named varieties, separate, 71. 6d, ,, 6 named varieties, separate, as. LAING AND CO.. Seedsmen, Forest Hill. S.E. To the Trade. SEED POTATOS. HAND F. SHARPENS Wholesale Priced • LIST of SEED POTATOS is now ready, and can be had on application. It comprises the best kinds in cultiva- tion, and the prices are very reasonable. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. New, Choice, and Rare Seeds. W THOMPSON, SEEDSMAN, 34, Tavern • Street, Ipswich, begs to inform his numerous Patrons and Amateur Horlicullutists in general, that the Thirtieth Edition of CATALOGUE of Flower Seeds is now ready, and will be sent to any intending purchaser, post-free. It includes many seeds not to be had elsewhere. HENDER'S STRAIN of NEW FRINGED PETUNIAS.— After great care and attention we have obtained beautifully fringed flowers of our strain of Petunias. The Double Seed will turn out a good percentage of fine double fringed flowers, often far superior to named varieties. The Singles (now offered for the first lime) are magnificent, (lowers large and finely fringed. Colours very rich and varied in markings. Double. 3?. 6d. per packet ; singles, 2s. 6d. per packet. HENDER'S BALSAMS, double, eightvars., 2s. 6d. per packet. HENDER'S PETUNIA GRANDIFLORA, singles, 2s. per packet. HENDER AND SONS, Nursery, Plymouth. BIES DOUGLASII, \\ to 2 feet, 25^. per 100 ; 2 to 2Y2 feet, 33s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 6oj. per 100; by the thousand, finely finished and rooted. ARAU- CARIA IMBRICATA. 18 to 20 inches, 241. per dozen : 2 to 2j^ feet, 47J. per dozen: 3 ft^et. extra, 6c5 per dozen; each size by the thousand. CEORUS DEODARA, 4 to 5 feet, 30X. per dozen. CRVPTOMFRIA ELEGANS. 2 to 2% feet. foy. per 100. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIJ, 2M to 3 f«t, 60s. per 100 ; C. GRACILIS, distinct, iK foot, 121. per dozen ; C. STRICTA, 2 to 2j< feet, the finest upright, 12s. per dozen ; C. FUNE- BRIS, scarce, 1% foot, 15^. per dozen. PICEA NOBILIS. 3 to 4 feet, 6or. per dozen; P. NORDMANNIANA, i foot, fine, 5CJ, per 100 ; ij^ to 2 feet. 15.^. per dozen ; 6 feet, extra, 84J. per dozen. PINUS EXCELSA, 2 feet, %s. per dozen ; P. INSIGNIS, I foot. 30J. per loo ; 6 to 8 inches, i6j. per ico. THUIA LOBBII, 10 to 15 inches : special by the 1000, the best substitute for Larch. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, 1 to 4 feel, each size in thousands. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. N.B. YRAMID PEARS. Extra fine, well furnished, fruiting trees, 5 to 7 feet high, with splendid roots, viz. : — America, Comte de Lamy, Beuir6 DIel. Beune' Ranee, Brown Beurrc', Autumn Colmar, Conseiller de la Cour. Citron des Carmes, Doyenn^ du Cornice, Easter Beurre, Glou Morceau, Huyshe's liergamot, Louise Bonne, Napoleon, Styrian or Keele Hall Beuric, and other sterling varieties. Price very moderate. For further particulars apply to R. P. KER AND SONS, Aigburth Nursery, Grassendale, Liverpool. Forcing Asparagus. RAND G. NEAL beg to ofter the above • by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans- planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also beg to caP 'he attention of Nurserymen, Builders, and others to their excep.ionally fine stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S. W, 200 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 14, 1885. TEE BOYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABUSHUENT NEW EARLY PEAS for 1885. Tbe Earliest and Best in Cultivation. DANIELS' GEM OF THE SEASON SHOULD BE SOWN NOW. From Mr. A. Arthur, Orwell Gardens, Cambridge. •' I sowed your Gem of the Season Pea March 29, and gathered them June 13, and sowed Laxton's Earliest of All March 15, and did not gather till June 29. This new Pea has proved what its name implies for eartiness, productiveness, and flavour." From Mr. T. Notlev. The Gardens, Stoke Hall, Stoke Holy Cross. " The Pea, Gem of the Season, has proved itself a good one. I planted it at the same time and by the side of Day's Early Sunrise. I gathered from Gem of the Season ten days earlier, the pods were also full, avciaging from seven to nine good sized Peait in each. " Height 2 feet, and very proIi6c. Price, 3^. (td. per quart, it. per pint, u yi. per half-pint. Free by Parcels Post to any address. DANIELS' MIDSUMMER MARROW PEA. The Earliest Blue Wrinkled Marrow in Cultivation. Height iJ4 to 2 feet. Splendid cropper and quality. Should be sowa now. Price, 3J. 6c/. per quart, ts. per pint, \s. ■^■f. net half-pint. Fiee per Parcels Post to any address. /^ Seedsmen to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, NORWICH. 1./6 2/6 2/6 5/- 1/6 ./- EXPIRATION OF LEASE. Several Acres of Nursery, containing a valuable Stock, continue to be offered at a nominal price ; the lease cannot be renewed. J Ordinary Reduced Price. I to RHODODENDRONS, Standard, 4000! to select from, of tinest named kinds, perfect specimens, from iJ^ to 5 feet through the head 105/- 10/6 31/6 5/- „ Bush, do., 5. 6, 7, and 8 feet high.. 4a/- a^- »s/- »o/J „ Dwaif and Sweet-scented, 1 to 2% feet high, consisting of K fragran!^, \\ ilsooi, Goveui- anum. &c. .. .. -. 2/6 . . 1/0 -/g ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA ; fine plants, well set with bloom, i to 3 feet high . . AZALEAS, I to 3 feet high A fine lot of P. NORDMANNIANA. T. LOBBII. WELLINGTONIA, CUPRESSUS. RETINOSPORAS, THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, and mauyothersinfineconditionforremoval ic/6 5/- 5/- i/- ORNAMENTAL TREES— Fine speci- mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars., Horse Chestnut, Scarlet Chestnut, Sorbus, Thorns of sorts, Maples, Fraxinus aucubsefolia, Scarlet Oak ; itlso Weeping Birch, Elm, Ash, and Poplar. 6 to 15 feet high .. .. 10/3 3/6 5/- 1/6 LIGUSTRUMOVALIFOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, per lOQ .. .. 2^/- .. 10/- ,, common, i to 2% feet LAUREL, common, i to 3 feet ,, caucasica, i 10 1% feet .. ,, Portugal, i% to 3 feet .. MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA .. BROOM, White YEWS, Irish ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas, and Climbers CLEMATIS, fine stuff, in great variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe- No reasonable lopsis Veitchii l^ offer refused ; or ILfcX SHEPHERDI. a fine lot ol | quotations will peifect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ; be given. smaller, i to 3 (tei, THUIA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet KETINOSPORA aUKEA, 6 to 15 inches CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS. 1 to 3 feet WELLINGTONIA GJGANTEA, 3 to 5 feet . . MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA. 12 tu 18 inches .. . . . . . . J COB NUT, Webb'.s. 3 to 6 feet .. 25X. rer too Collections of SH RU BS and TREES for general planting. 3 to 6 feet high, 251 to 751. per i o Extra large Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to clear, u each. SPIB£A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. Ihe largest stock in Europe, 151. and tcf tJ. per 100. ERICAS in variety, 201, per mo. LAVENDER, fine bushy stuff', 35, per dozen, 15J. per loo. PERIWINKLE. loj. per 100. TJwuiandt of other things too numerous /or an advertise- ment are on offer ^ and inquiries or a viiit -will be fouitd very advantageous, CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. ALPINE PLANTS, HARDY PERENNIALS, AND FLORISTS' FLOWERS. JAS. BACKHOUSE & SON'S Revised and Enlarged ILLUSTRATED and DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE Of the above, with Cultural Notes of the Soil, Situation, &c., is now ready, 56 pp., double columns, price 6d., post-free, gratis to customers. N.B. — The above has now been posted to all our Customeis. In case of any omission an intimation is requested, when another copy will be forwarded free. CATALOGUES of FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. HARDV TREES and SHRUBS, FRUIT TREES and ROSEi, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c., will be sent gratis en applicition. JAS. BACKHOUSE & SON, THE NURSERIES, YORK. SPECIAL OFFER OF ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS, ROSES and FRUIT TREES of all kinds, FOREST TREES, &o., All well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices (free on application). WALTER CHAS. SLOCOCK, Goldworth "Old" Nursery, WOKING, SURREY. tMiM. B. S. WILLIAMS' IMPROVED MUSHROOM SPAWN, per bushel of s. a. fimriccn c^kes -.5 0 For Outdoor and Indoor Culture. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Hollfiway. London, N. NOVELTIES for B. hjbrlda glgantea, B. semperflorens cccclnea. o/n' GLOXINIA GESNERIOIDES LAVATERA ARBOREA VARIEGATA, IMPATIENS SULTANI X v-v/ NEW rosea and alba, X^^yBEGONIAS. MYOSOTIS sylvatica Zv)^ — compacta aurea, / \Y ^- IncomparabUU / / (Queen ol Bedders), VERBENA hyb/ <3 ^ coccinea / ^ fol. aureis //^ j ' \/y/ Petunia flmbrlata fl -pi. <^^/ iLidy ol the Lake). •0 ^ y' PrlmtUa flmbrlata atrosangulnea, ry^ llluitratei CATALOGUE post-free, ^/Vxam. HARE & HAUSSLER, SITTINOBOUBNE, KENT. Seed PoTATOS.TooLsac Bust QualitT' Vaumiag,!: Ebish. JAMESDICKSON&SONS ^EED.- GROWERS. |1ffP« cJ Xou/ TO PLANTERS OF FOREST AND OTHER TREES. SCOTCH FIR Cranston's Nursery k Seed Co. (LIMITED) Have splendid stocks ol transplanted and well-rooted LARCH FIR .... I to life". II II .... i| to 2 feet. II I, .... 2 to 2i feet, ■ I II •• .. 2| to 3 feet. ■ • 3 10 3i feet. . . 4 to s feet. . . 2 to 2i feet. 11 .... 2i to 3 feet. THORNS 2" to 2j feet. II .... 2^ to 3 feet. &c., &c., and will be pleased to quote lowest prices on receipt of a list of requirements. Full truckloads Carriage Paid to nearest Railway Station. CATALOGUES on application. CRANSTON'S NURSERY k SEED CO. (LIMITED) KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD SEEDS -SEEDS -SEEDS. CHARLES TURNE R'S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Ntw aLd Select Varieties of every Class of Seeds for the Garden, is now it:ady. THE ROYAL NURSERIES. SLOUGH. NEW, RARE. AND CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS "Illustrated." This most USEFUL and INTERESTING CATALOGUE, which every one with a Garden or Gieenhouse should possess, is NOW READY, and may be had gratis upon appli- cation. It includes, perhaps, the finest list of STERLING NOVELTIES ever biought together; a grand collection of HAkDY FLORISTS' FLOWERS ; a specially fine selection of HARDY PERENNIALS, and such as are easily and quickly grown ; GREEN- HOUSE SEEDS — all the most popular ; HARDY ORNAMENTAL GRASSES; SHOWY SINGLE-FLOWERED ANNU- ALS and PERENNIALS. The Catalogue is beautifully illustrated and everything very fully described. Also, in separate form, a complete Collection of MISCELLANEOUS BULBS adapted for Spring Planting. THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. SEED POTATOS Send f 07' Descriplive Catalogue OF Na\Rl.V ALL THE BEST AND KEWEST VAEIET.E3 IN COMMERCE, EITHER FOR EXHIBITION PURPOSE?, OR FOR GARDEN OR FIELD CULTIVATION. LIBERAL TERMS to TRADE BUYERS. JOHN WATKINS, Fruit and Potato Grower, POMO.MA FARM, WITHI.NGTO.M, HEREFORD. GLADIOLI AND DAHLIAS Direct fkom thb Ckower«. ANT. ROCZEN k SON, OVERVEEN, ne.ir HAARLEM, HOLLA.VD. Our Autumn CATALOGUE of ihe above (or 1884 5 contain- ing all ihe new varieties, i» now ready, and will be luiwatded post-tree on application to our ai;ent-. Messrs MERTENS A^D CO. 3 Cross Lane, Lord -in, EC. PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES. GeLiIcmcii desirous of oblainin^ the true WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERF TREES foi Autumn ard Winter Planting, should send their Orders as early as convenieni lo Mr. COO P E R. F.R,H,S., CALCOT GARDENS. READING. BERKS, of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained. Price LISTS oh a/plication, IT February 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 201 To the Trade 0nl7. FERNS — FERNS — FERNS. — Adiantum cuneatum, A. iraptziforme, A. gracUlimum, Loinaria gibba, Lastrea anslata variegata, Pieris serrulata cristata Cowani, P, serrulata : nice plaot-^, in 63*5, 3C«. per 100. Adiantum cuneatum. A. Eracillimum, A trapeziforme, in 4 and 4K inch pots, 40J. to 5or. per 100, according to size ; Adiantum Pacotti, io 6o*s, 3^^. per 100 ; ditto, in 4 and 4J4 inch pots, 50J. per 100. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan). Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garbton, Liverpool. CHRYSANTHEMUMS. — Specialty. — 420 varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest and cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plants, purchaser's selection, is. 6J. per doien, i6s. per loo ; cutiiugs, is. 6d. per dozen. loJ. per loo : W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, one stamp, W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombc, Kent. GILBERT'S UNIVERSAL SAVOY and CHOU DE BURGHLEY.— " The T.mrs of Horti- culture " siiys : — " Universal Savoy proved to be of excellent quality, and the great public show their appreciation of same by ordering 400 packets last week." GILBERTS CHOU DE BURGHLEY. -The 7-<» t" f'='. hundreds ol beautitui specimens. ... -t \ „ Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautilul heads, ten to fifteen years' growlh, hundreds. „ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful plants. . , BOX. Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7feet, many thousands. YEWS, Common, 3. 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, thousands Golden, o( all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point of variety and size unequalled. , Irish, = to 10 feet, hundreds. [^thousands. CUPRtSSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5.6 to 8 feet. „ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful specimens. , j j THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 3, 4, and J feet, hundreds. RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4. S, Oi 7i 8, to 10 feet. The plants are covered with buds. AZALEAS, Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet high, thousands. JUNIPERS, Chinese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high. ,, Chinese Golden, 3 to 6 feet. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANACLAUCA, 3 to s feet. ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 leet. hundreds. , DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feet, lhous.->nds. ,, GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. , ORIENTALIS, 4, s, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. '„ HOOKERIANA, 3tosfeet , , , . , PARRVANA GLAUCA. iK t,) j feet, hundreds. PICEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 4 fcei, hundreds. „ CRANDIS, 5to7feet. LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. „ MAGNIKICA, 2 t03 feet, hundreds. ,, NOBILIS, 1 5^ to 3 feet, thousands. „ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, to 10 feet. ,, PINSAPO, 6 to TO feet, hundreds. ,, PUNGENS, ijt to 2 feet, thousands. PINUS CEMBRA, 6 to 8 feet. CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds. .. LIBANl (Cedar of Lebanon)^ 3 to 5 feet. THUIA OCCIDENTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. THUIOPS'S BOREALIS, 3 to s feet, hundreds. RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. „ PISIFERA AUREA (true), 3 to 6 feet. „ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3t0 5feet. Knap Hill NuTsery, Woldng Station, Surrey. Purchasers of Vegetable Seeds Are reminded tiiat the ONLY "pniKDHONNEUn," AMSTERDAM, 1884, Was AWARDED to CARTERS' PURE VEGETABLE SEEDS. 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. Illustrated Catalofues Gratis and Post Free. ^?^1 "f^fmze arid Sm^ Q& Our Seedlings, Just Raised. GOLD MEDAL. CANNELL'S BEGONIA SEED. We simply mention the following to show that we exhibited the finest seedling last year :-„„„_,„„ FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE for the best WINTER- FLOWERING ever exhibited. „,„„ FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE for the best BEDDING ever exhibited. . ^^Tr,>F t' FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE for the best DOUBLE ever exhibited. . , , . FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE for the best and largest most distina SINGLE-FLOWERING, and many others, ever exhibited. Seed, 2s. 6d. and Ss. per packet. Send for ilie Best Illustrated Catalogue. DAHLIA ROOTS. For years we have been awarded ihe highest honours by ihe Royal Horticultural Society for the best and most complete Collection, and to show the satisfaction that our Pol Roots give we simply append the following. 100 Koota, in splendid varieties, for £1 68, our selection. Mr. F. W. Everett, The Gardens, Penrhos, Holyhead, February 4, 18S5:— "'Many thanks for the beautiful Dahlia bulbs I received quite safely. I shall not forget where to send when I want any more." H. CANNELL & SONS, THE HOME of FLOWERS, SWANLEY, KENT. NOVELTIES In SEEDLING POTATOS. FIDLER'S ENTERPRISE.— Cross between American Purple and Royal Ashleaf. Raised by Mr. Elhogton, and offered for the first time this season. Was awarded Two First-class Certificates. Gardeners' lilnsazhie says :--* A distinct and beautifully coloured kidney, making few chats, and incapable of coarseness, heavy cropper, and of excellent table quality." Price, per pound, ij. (id. ; 7 lb., 105. FIDLER'S SUCCESS.— White fleshed, cross between Beauty of Hebron iuid Myatfs Prolific. Two First-class Certificates. Early as the Ashleaf, but much superior in quality and of more handsome appearance. Price, per pound, dd. ; 7 lb., 3*. FIDLER'S PEOLIFIC -Sent out last season, is an excellent table variety, has given the best satisfaction wherever tried. Tubers are fl.ittish and rounded like those of Snowllake. Price. 6a'. per pound ; 7 lb. for 3.1. FIDLER'S VICTORY. — Late variety, of excellent quality, perfectly free from disease. Price, is.td. pet peck : 45. per bubhel. Full description CATALOGUE of all kinds gratis and post-free on application to C. FIDLEE, Potato Grower, BEADING. BIDDLES & CO. THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE, Supply 3000 varieties of KLOWER SEEDS, in I'.tckets, at One Penny each, including the choicest sorts, viz. :— Asters, Balsams, CalccoLarias, Cyclamens, Pansies, reluni.ns. Phlox Llrnmmontlii, I'rimiil.is, Salvias, Stocks, ■Verbenas, &c. All seeds being of the best quality in small quantities, the packets must be regarded as economical, not cheap. Wc recommend our various collections of twelve varieties for u. All kinds of VICGE'lABLE SEEDS, of best quality, by weight, and also in Penny Packets. Send for CATALOGUIC, gratis (500 Illustrations), Save expense and buy a large selection in small packets ifl 50,000 GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS to be sold off at 51- per 100— grand bulbs. February 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 203 THOMSON'S Vine and Plant Manure. This Manure is now solely manufactured by us, on our Premises here, and can be had through all Nurserymen and Seedsmen, or direct from us. We will be happy to forward Descriptive CIRCULARS, in reply to applications, containing terms, &c. Intending Pjcrchasers are requested to see that they obtain the Manure manufactured by us. Wm. Thomson & Sons, TWEED VINEYAED, CLOVENPOEDS, GALASHIELS, February 11, 18S5. N.B. TUESDAY NEXT. 2000 ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXAiNDR/E, FROM THE BEST LOCALITIES. M ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT, February 17, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. HUGH Low & Co., 2000 ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, imported some months since, and all starting into growth, from localities whence come the finest varieties. Also fine imported plants of the large-flowered variety of ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLA- RIUM, ODONTOGLOSSUM LUTEO-PURPUREUM VARIETY from ANTIOQUEA, CATTLEYA GIGAS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. TUESDAY NEXT. ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/E. Hugh Low & Co., Referring to the Advertisement inserted above, beg to notify that for a considerable time past they have had a very careful and experienced Collector, Mr. George T. White, engaged in visiting the localities whence come the finest varieties of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRyE. Large quantities have been received from time to time, which have been retained until the plants started into growth, so that buyers will not run the least risk. The 2000 offered have already made fine young growths, they are all in pots, and are, in every respect, a most promising lot of plants. CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E. FRIDAY NEXT. AVHITE L^^LIA ANCEPS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have received instruc- tions from Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co., to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, February 20, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a grand importation of WHITE L^ELIA ANCEPS, including many magnificent masses, with 200, 300, and 400 Bulbs. Also ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (ALEXANDRA), of the finest type, in large masses and splendid condition ; ONCIDIUM KRAMERIANUM, CATTLEYA TRIANvE, L^LIA MAJALIS, L. AUTUMNALIS, EPIDENDRUM NEMORALE, &c. Also ESTAB- LISHED MASDEVALLIA CHIMERA, M. RACEMOSA CROSSI, M. TROCHILUS, M. HARRYANA, and M. SHUTTLEWORTHI. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. GRAPE VINES. A FINE STOCK of WELL-RIPENED, SHORT-JOINTED CANES For Fruiting in Pots or Permanent Planting. Prices and List of Varieties on Application. WILL TATLER, OSBORN NURSERY, HAMPTON, MIDDLESEX. CABBAGE PLANTS, Early Rainham and Entield Market, is, 6d. per looo. best stock in the country ; Red Dutch for Pickling, 51. per 1000 ; BRtJSSELS SPROUTS and SAVOY, 41. per 1000 ; Brown Cos and Ham- mersmith LETTUCE, 5^. per 1000 ; Veitch's Autumn Giaot CAULIFLOWER, 20J. per 1000; Connover's Colossal ASPA- RAGUS ROOTS, fine, 3-year old, 3oj. per tooo ; a-years old, l^s. per 1000 ; SEAKALE, for plantmg out, 31. dd. per 100, will give any man satisfaction that buys it ; ONION SEED, Bedfofdshire Champion, 41. 6d. per lb. ; white Spanish, 35. per pound.— all new and genuine. Terms cash. RICHARD WALKER, Market Gardens, Biggleswade, Beds. - I N E S— V I N E S— V I N E S.— STRONG FRUITING CANES, 4s. 6d. each. STRONG PLANTING CANES, 31. each. All the best varieties in cultivation. CALDWELL and SONS, The Nurseries, Knutsford, Chester. OR SALE, a few Bushels of McLEAN'S WONDERFUL PEA and MYATT'S ASHLEAF POTATO. Special low offer for Cash. GEO. BOLTON, Nurseryman, Wyddial, Buntingford, Herts. EDELWEISS. The Star-shaped Everlasting of the Alps. LAVATERA ABBOREA VARIEOATA. The Variegated Tree Mallow. A grand plant. 8 feet in height, with large variegated foliage. MENTZIELIA BARTONIOIDES, The Tassel Flower, bright yellow. OALTHA PALtrSTRIS. The Golden King-Cup. LUPINUS ABBOREUS. The Yellow-floweied Tree Lupin. MIGNONETTE GOLDEN QUEEN. Very compact, ^ood pot variety. Flowers tipped with yellow. MIGNONETTE CRIMSON GUEEN. Same habit as above. Flowers tipped with crimson. MIGNONETTE PYRAMIDALIS gigantea Very large Flowers. MIGNONETTE SMILE'S SPIRAL. Largely used for Pot culture. MYOSOTIS PALTJSTBIS semperflorens. The Finest Forget-me-not. Constant bloomer. Rich blue. PANSY REDDISH STEEL-BLUE. With red and white edge. PANSY PtTRPLE, with White edge. PANSY PUBPLE, with Yellow edge. PANSY PLUM-VELVET, Very handsome, rich colour. Very free bloomer, with crimped edge. Seeds of all the above Choice Specialties now ready. — For prices per ounce or per pound, see our Wholesale Seed CATA* LOGUE, free on application. WATKINS & SIMPSON, Sebo and Bulb Merchants, EXETER STREET, STRAND, W.C. 204 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. ([Fberuarv 14, 1885. GENUINE SEEDS JAMES VEITCH & SONS, BOYAIi EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, S,IV. A aUILEGIA, VEITCH^S NEW HYBRIDS. Comprising many new, beautiful, distinct, and pr«tty sorts of various shades, of which a coloured plate appeared in T/te Garden, October 18, 1884. Per packet, ix. 6a. NEW CAMPANULA, CAIiYCANTHEMA BOSEA. A new bright rose-pink variety ; a most attractive and desir- able addition to our hardy border plants, owing to its pretty colour and free blooming habit, the flowers literally hiding the P'^*- Per packet, is. 6d, IBIPATIENS SULTANI. First'Ciass Certificates Royal Horticultural ana Royal Botanic Societies. Remarkable for its profu'^e and continuous flowering and the gorgeousness of its flowers, which are of a brilliant rosy- scarlet colour. Decorative alike for the Stove, Greenhouse, Conservatory, or for Summer Bedding. Per packet, 11. 6d. MIGNONETTE, CRIMSON KING. A new, distinct, and most desirable variety for pot culture, throwing up numerous stout fiower-stalkg, terminated by ex- tremely broad spikes of delightfully scented bright red flowers. Per packet, u. td. BRUSSELS SPROUTS, VBITCH'S EXHIBITION. Unequalled for exhibition or for general use. The fclems are entirely covered irom top to bottom with large, firm, solid Sprouts, which are of remarkably fine quality. Per packet, \s. 6d. NEW CAULIFLOWER, VEITCH'S PEARL. The best main crop variety for general use, pure white heads of fine texture, medium size, and finest quality ; perfectly dis- tinct, and very desirable. Price per packet, 2s. 6d. CABBAGE LETTUCE, VEITCH'S PERFECT GEM. First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. A most distinct, compact-growing variety, of a rich deep green colour, forming very early a close solid heart, beautifully crisp, juicy, and tender, and of excellent flavour. Per packet, is. 6d. NEW TOMATO, HACKWOOD PARK PROLIFIC. T\vo First-class Certificates. Royal Horticultural Society. The finest Tomato in cultivation for exhibition or main crop, enormously prolific, handsome large smooth fruit of bright scarlet colour; flesh firm and solid, of finest quality, excellent fl*™^^- Per packet 15. Cfl'. NEW VEGETABLE MARROW, PEN-Y-BYD (ihe best in Ihs world). Fint-class Certificate Royal Horticultural Society and First~ class Certificate IntcmatieJuil Exhibition^ Dttnree. This new, most distinct, and exceedinely prolific variety is by far the best of Mr. Muir's hybrids, and superior to any yet in commerce; the fruit, averaging about 6 inches in diameter, is of handsome globular form, creamy-white in colour, of finest table quality, and particularly delicate flavour. Per packet, is. 6 /. VEITCH'S NEW POTATOS FOR 1885. M.P and MISS FOWLER. Each awarded First-class Certificate International Potato Exhibiiion, October, 1884 ; and also received the Hiehest Awards for cropping and table quality, from the Royal HorLi- cultural Society, 1884. MP. A grand round whitf variety, of dwarf, stout growth; an enormous cropp-rr and thorough disease-resi-.icr ; tubers ail of most useful table size, and the quality is all that c^n be desiret'. Per lb , IS. yi. ; per 4 lb., 4J. dd. ; per 7 lb., yj. id, MISS FOWLER. A handsome late while kidney, very heavy cropper ; tubers of moderate size, very even, and of finest table quality. Per lb , IJ. td : per 4 lb , 5i. td.; per 7 lb., 8j. 6d. ts" For full particulars of the above and other Cholca Vegetable and Flower Seeds and Potatos, gee CATALOQUE, lorwarded Gratis and Post-free on application ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. DREADNAUGHT. — The best paying Cucumber for Market, and finest Black Prickly Cucum- ber grown. We have grown mostly of the Telegraph type, and find Drreadnaught make 30 per cent, more in the market. \s. per packet. POPE AND SONS, Seedsmen, 120, Market Hall, Birming- ham Nurseries, King's Norton. EW WHITE PLUME CELERY (Henderson's).— Seed direct from New York, td. per packet, tree by post. CATALOGUES free on application. POPE AND SONS, Seedsmen, 120, Market Hall, Birming- ham Nurseries, King's Nortan. ELLAM'S DWARF and EARLY MARKET CABBAGE.— The two best Cabbages for Autumn or Spring, ftd, per packet, free by post. CATALOGUES on application. POPE AND SONS. Seedsmen, \ia. Market Hall, Birming- ham Nurseries. King's Norton. TOMATO.— The best flavour and finest for private use, Vick's Criterion. True selected seed, im- ported from America, free by post, 6i;e Strain of BEGONIA HYBRIDA, finest mxd. , per packet, \s. dd. BEGONIA HYBRIDA. Tuberous rooted, for bedding, per packet ij. and 3.y. dd. Saved from Strains which have taken First Prizes wherever ex- hibited. WILLIAMS' Piize Strain of CALCEOLARIA (Herbaceous, finest mixed), Per p2cket, ij. ^. and 2i. td. This fine strain has been selected from the dwarfest and most distinct types, and will be found unequalled for size of flowers and brilliancy of coloturs. WILLIAMS' Prize Strain of CINERARIA (extra choice, mixed). Per packet, is. 6d. and ss. 6d. A superb strain of very dwarf branch- ing habit and strong constitution, con- taining a great variety of colours. f^ WILLIAMS' PRIZE COCKSCOMB. The finest in cultivation. HAS GAINKD NUMEROUS FIRST PRIZES. Per packet, 2S. 6d. WILLIAMS' CYCLAMEN CIGANTEUM (mxd.) containing four varieties. per packet, 7S. 6d., CYCLAMEN PERSICDM (mxd.) per packet, u. 6d. and 2S. 6d. The finest strain in cultivation. For varieties of Cyclamen in separate co- lours see Illustrated Seed Catalogue. WILLIAMS' Prize Strain of G LOXINIA, CHOICE MIXED. Per packet, is, 6d. This produces immense flowers, of the most brilliant and varied colours, both of the erect and drooping varieties. WILLIAMS' PRIMULA SINENSIS FIM- BRIATA, mixed packets, containing six varieties. s. d. Per packet, is td. and 2 6 This superb strain has stood the test for thirty years, and never fails to take ist Prizes wherever exhibited. For new Primulas and superb strain of Primulas, see Illustrated Seed Catalogue. LUCUIilA GBATISSIMA. Per packet, 2s. 6d. Illustrated Seed Catalogue for 1885, Gratis and Post-free on application. SBEDSMEN BY BOYAL WABBANT SUTTON'S CHOICE NOVELTIES, SUTTON'S "SATISFACTION." By far the most robust medium-cropping Pea in cultivation, and in productiveness is unsurpassed. The pods are produced in pairs, and are thickly set on the haulm. The Peas are remarkably large, and some- times as many as ten are contained in a pod. When brought to table they are of a beautiful green colour, and even when quite old they retain their sweet and delicate flavour. The haulm is very stout, resists drought and mil- dew, and is easily distinguished from that of all other Peas. Height 3 feet. pgj. ^^^-j^^ 33. gd. ^^^ OBSERVE THIS TRADE MARK ON EVERY PACKET. For full particulars of Sutton'! choice varieties of Vegetables, Flcrwers, and Potatos, see SUTTON'S SPECIAL LlSTofNOVELTIES, Gratis and Post-free on application. Royal Berks Seed Establishment, READING. THE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1885. MEMBLAND. THE fine country residence of E. C. Baring, Esq., is situated on the confines of the South Devon coast, about midway between Salcombe and Plymouth, and eleven miles from the stations of Ivybridge and Plymton. The route chosen to reach it was from Ivybridge, a pretty little town, a fine view of which is obtained from the skeleton bridge spanning a deep valley, and over which runs the Great Western Railway. This valley, through which flows the River Erme, is followed for some miles ; it is bounded by bold and grand slopes thickly planted with Oak, equalling many of those for which the River Dart is so famous. Passing on through the well-wooded park of Flete, the route taken now being through private property, another estate, called Pam- phlete, is passed through, where one cannot help being struck by the way in which Pinus insignis stands out conspicuously in the planta- tions, evidently confirming the opinion of those who advocate its planting for the seacoast, for here at a considerable height and in exposed situations it tops the Larch and Austrian Pine. Here the River Erme has assumed wide dimensions, being within a short distance of the sea. Along its course delightful views are con- tinually presenting themselves, many of which have been selected by some of our eminent landscape artists. As we near the coast a good stretch of open country is traversed. Bemg now on the property of Mr. Baring, and being several hundred feet above the sea, occasional glimpses of the ocean and of a portion of the rocky coast are obtained. A lodge recently erected — sub- stantial, elaborate, and original in design — indicates the entrance to the park ; a circuitous drive, with a gradual descent, leading from the sea coast, brings one to the house. Benefiting by the experience of adjoining estate pro- prietors, Pinus insignis has been extensively planted, and on the right side of the drive now mentioned it has been planted at a distance of 40 feet apart the whole length. Picea Nord- manniana and other Pinuses are planted be- tween ; these are eventually to be cut away as the P. insignis increases in growth. Membland may be said to be only in its in- fancy, judging from the preparations for plant- ing, the cutting and laying out of new drives, &c., although much work has already been accomplished within the last few years. It has only of late years passed into the hands of the present proprietor, who seems to be quite alive to the manner by which the natural surroundings may be made still more interesting and enjoy- able by judicious planting. Before entering upon an account of the garden, which concerns us most, I will refer to one very grand feature of Membland — this is a drive 8 miles in length, commencing from the lodge referred to, and which leads immediately on to the summit of the high cliffs at a height of from 400 to 600 feet above the sea. The drive is 206 TH£ CARDENERS' CHRONICLE [FeSriIarv 14, iSSs. continued on the sides of the chffs for the whole distance mentioned, winding in and out, fol- lowing the course of the rugged coast. It had frequently to be cut through solid rock to attain the necessary gradations. Almost imme- diately upon entering the drive are the ruins of Revelstone Church, roofless and covered with Ivy, and without any sign of cultivation or habitation saving a small plot of land half an acre in extent, which is in the occupation of some distant fisherman probably. It was stocked with Cabbage, which, perhaps, would be the only vegetable in a cottager's point of view that could be grown there. Possibly at some remote period a village existed here, but now not a vestige remains other than the ruins of the church. As the course of the drive winds in and out, often abruptly, a faint out- line of its course is visible for miles, either rounding some high and prominent point or round the huge recess formed by the connec- tion of two large promontories. In many places the rocks are very precipitous, and dangerous for horses not well under command. The charm experienced in being able to traverse the sides ot the cliffs with ease is greatly enhanced by the seething and foaming of the waves beneath, unceasing in their battle with the projecting rocks, the water assuming a beautiful malachite hue. Among the dis- tant views to be obtained during its course, as we are in Bigbury Bay, on the left, at starting, is seen Bolt Head and Bolt Tail off Salcombe. Burt Island — a huge rock in the foreground — stands about halfway. Away to the south are seen the woods on the summit of Mount Edgecumbe, and a long stretch of the rocky coast of Cornwall. In the offing is visible the new Eddystone Lighthouse — a mere speck on the horizon. During the progress of the formation of this drive, it was rendered necessary on many occasions during severe gales of wind to withdraw all hands, it being impossible to withstand the gales that visit this coast. On the termination of the coast drive, the return journey is made along the course of the River Yealm, a short river, but with bits of scenery as beautiful and picturesque as can be found on any of our rivers. The land slopes very abruptly to its waters, having the village of Norse on the eastern and Newton on the western side, each with its village church standing out prominently half way up the steep slope. The drive is continued on through this valley, at the termination of which, on very elevated ground, is situate Membland House, from which we started. Large additions have been made by the present owner to the old building, the im- provements and additions being in the same style of architecture as the old portions (see fig. 40, p. 213). From the west end a very extensive view is obtained of the valley just mentioned, the bold slopes on either side being well wooded, with the tower of Newton Church conspicuous in the landscape, having for a background the distant hills in Corn- wall. Although the house is situate so near the sea yet no glimpse of it can be seen from it. The ground gradually declines from the coast inwards, the house being situate on this decline, with a thick belt of Oak and other trees, entirely blocking out the ocean view, and affording protection from the southern and south-easterly gales. The north and east sides are now thickly planted with trees, as it lies exposed to the cold winds from Dartmoor, the hills of which are distinctly seen from this point. The pleasure grounds around the house are not extensive, neither are they required to be, the natural surroundings being themselves of sufficient attraction for those who love and enjoy rural scenery. The lawn in front is one bold slope of grass only bounded by a ha-ha fence ; trees and shrubs are nearly dispensed with in this instance, and wisely so, the bold scenery of hill and valley near and far requiring no aid from dressed grounds and small Coniferie to enhance its grandeur. The walls, pillars, and porticos are covered with Ivy intermingled with Ampelopsis Veitchii, Lonicera fragrantissima, and other climbers, and beneath the terrace walls large plants of Fuchsia Riccartoni were flowering splendidly. From the west end the ground declines rapidly into the valley, and here are situate the kitchen garden and the numerous glass structures. Between this garden and the house a small plantation ol trees has been made, and though the views from the windows of the mansion are carried directly over the garden, yet it is effectually hidden by the trees and partly by the sudden declination of the ground. The gardener's house is one of a block of buildings at the back of these trees, thus commanding a view of the entire garden and a lovely valley beneath. D. C. Powell. {To he continued,) «ttl CATTLEVA BICOLOR WRIGLEYANA, nov, var. I PROPOSE this name for a lovely variety with grey-green sepals and petals and a dark purple 'lip. The flower at hand has its apex white. It is well known that the typical Cattleya bicolor, Lindl,, first described from a sketch prepared by Baron Des- courtil, has tawny sepals and petals. I would not look to the number of flowers for marks of distinction, as the quantity depends upon the strength of the growth. Cattleya bicolor is very often two or three- flowered. My herbarium contains inflorescences with as many as six flowers. I never saw peduncles with eight or ten flowers. I have this fine variety several times. Never was it so bright green as in the last instance, when it came from Mr. Edwin G. Wrigley, Howick House, Preston, Lancashire. It is a great satisfaction to dedicate it to this gentleman. H, G, Rchh. f. LvELIA ANCEPS {Lindl.) LEUCOSTICTA, HOV, var. This has long white or whitish-rosy markings on the darker rosy sepals and petals. They are usually either broad linear, or triangular, or short elliptical. I had something near the flower at hand a long while ago from Mr. Burbidge, Trinity College Garden, Dublin. What is now at hand was sent by Mr. F. Sander. It is from Mr. Greenfield, Beechwood Park, Dunstable. H. G. Rchb, f, L^.LIA ANCEPS BLANDA, IJOV, VOf. It becomes alarming to rote how many varieties ap- pear of this old species, which from 1835 till 186S, when the glowing Dawsoni appeared on the scene, offered only the var. Barkeriana (1837). Now we suffer from cm/uirras de richcssc. This variety has sepals and petals white with a rose hue. The median nerves of the sepals are lightest green. The anterior lacinia of the lip is emarginate, blunt, wholly coloured with the warmest purple. The angles of the side lacinia are rosy, with rows of purple dots. Mid area sulphur coloured, with numerous very dark shin- ing elevated brownish-purple stripes. It would be Laslia anceps Calvertiana were it not for this rich mid area and those curious rows of dark streaks of single spots on the side lacinice, which make one think of var. Veitchii. Loelia anceps Percivaliana has only the apex of the Hp purple, and the side lacinia have no such lines of spots on their angular parts. It came from Mr. F. Sander, who received it from W. Cobb, Esq., Silverdale, Sydenham. H. G. Rchh, f. Agave Wiesenberhensis. — In this newly- described species the tuft of leaves measures 55 era. across, the individual leaves 20 cm. long by 6 cm. broad, and i^ cm. thick, oblong-lanceolate mucro- natc, remntely spine- toothed at the margin. The flowers are in clusters along the side of a long flower- stalk, the individual flowers are erect, tubular, 6- parted, 30 mm. long. The plant is figured by Dr. Willmack in the Caiien /.eitung for January 15, ASPLENIUM GERMANICUM. Various views have been put forward with re?pect to the origin of Asplenium germanicum by those who have disputed its claim to rank as a species. Thus it has been considered by some to be a hybrid, and by others to be a mere variety, and each paity is split into two subdivisions. Of those who suppose it to be a hybrid one division has attributed its derivation to Asplenium Ruta-muraria and A. septentrionale, and the other to A. seplenlrionale acd A. tricho- manes. Of those who regard it as only a variety some have considered it as the oiTspring of A. Ruta- muraria, and are able to bring the authority of Lin- nceus, and to point to the "cuneatum" variety of Ruta- muraria as supplying a connecting link, in support of this view ; whilst by the remainder it has been set down as a variety of A. septentrionale. The latter is the opinion held by Dr. Lowe, but his reasons for coming to this conclusion seem to me, so far as they are set forth on p. So, scarcely sufficient. These appear to be based primarily upon the fact that veritable fronds both of septentrionale and of germanicum were produced by one plant, and secondarily upon the fact that there were also inter- mediate forms. Now if it were indubitable that this was only one individual plant I do not see how the argument could be resisted, but from the circum- stances of the case it would be well nigh impossible to shut out the chance of error in determining this point. In most places where germanicum occurs it will be found associated with septentrionale. Grow- ing, as they do, side by side, it is only to be ex- pected that instances such as those mentioned by Dr. Lowe would not be very unusual in which the two Ferns would be so intimately united, and their fronds so intermingled, that it would be almost impracticable to separate or distinguish between the two plants, both of which send up their fronds in the same densely-growing and thickly-tufted fashion. Conse- quently extreme caution would be necessary in draw- ing any conclusion merely from the circumstance that the two distinct kinds of fronds sprang from what appeared to be but one root. "Intermediate forms proving their common origin" would then be required to decide the question as to whether in such case there were really two plants or only one. And here, I think, Dr. Lowe's evidence falls short. The specimens illustrated (fig. 15, p. 80) seem to me not to be intermediate forms, but to belong — the right-hand one to Asplenium germanicum, and the left-hand one to A. septentrionale. From a figure one can judge only of the form of the frond, and there may perhaps be some intermediate charac- teristics of colour and texture evinced by the fronds which a figure cannot indicate. Any one who has observed the two species growing wild must have noticed the light green colour and thin texture of the A. germanicum fronds, and been struck with the marked difference in these two points between the two Aspleniums. As the roots which Dr. Lowe brought home are doing well, perhaps next season he will kindly give further information as to the growth and development, whether normal or otherwise, of the fronds. It has been alleged, as one of the strongest argu- ments against A. germanicum being entitled to take rank as a distinct species, that it is never to be found growing in any considerable quantity together, but only in few or solitary plants ssociated generally with A. septentrionale. As Newman says, "No botanist has ever recorded the discovery of a colony of germanicum." If any one should be fortunate enough to discover such a colony it might not be desirable, in the interests of the Fern, to point out its locality too definitely, but It would be very desirable to have some record of the discovery. Mr. Biittcn, in European Fertts^ states that A. germanicum is found abundantly in many localities in the Tyrol, and in Silesia, where neither A. trichomanes, A. septen- trionale, nor A. Ruta-muraria occur. If any of your readers could supply any additional testimony on this point it would be very welcome. There is an interesting note in the number of the yountal oj Botany for July, 1SS3, p. 209, on the occurrence of A. germanicum in Hong Kong, completely out of the reach, so far as is known, of A. septentrionale, the nearest habitat for which Fern appears to be in Northern India or Afghanistan. > There is a good deal of variation in the forking and size of the fronds of A. septentrionale, but I am not aware whether any distinct variety has been raised or FeHruary 14, iSSs i' THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 207 found. Of A. germanicum two varieties are recorded — one, named '*acutidentatum," was raised by the late Mr. R. Sim. of Foot's Cray, and a figure of the same is given in Xaturc-Prifded British Fetus. The other is mentioned in Messrs. Stansfield's Gauval Fern List^ No. S, p. 23, and thus described : — "Variety with remarkably broad pinnules, from St. Goar, in Germany." Some sixteen years ago I found, near Argeles, in the Pyrenees, a phint of this Fern, fronds of which were identified with Messrs. Stansfield's variety by Mr. Sim. Here is an instance, from two places wide apart, of a form of A. germanicum characterised by a larger and more vigorous growth, and showing the species in perhaps its most perfect development, and the tendency of its divergence from the ordinary type is not in the direction of any approximation to A. septentrionale, but rather other- wise. I have the plant still in cultivation, and enclose a few fronds herewith. I have found the common form of A. germanicum in several places in the Pyrenees and in Switzerland, and also in the district about Gastein, in Austria, and in all these cases the neighbourhood abounded with A. septentrionale. Pretty much the same position and conditions are necessary to both, but A. septen- trionale is the hardier and more vigorous of the two. It is capable of adapting itself to a much greater range of elevation, its habit of growth is more spread- ing and extending, and wherever it is at all plentiful fine plants in large tufts can usually be found. From my observation of both Ferns in their wild state I should be inclined to think that where the two happen to grow together, and become crowded in a limited space, the strong probability is that A. ger- manicum will be overgrown and choked by its sturdier companion. If this supposition be correct it may serve to afford some explanation of the scarcity and solitariness of A. germanicum as generally found. Can it be that in former times it was more abundant than now ; that gradually the weaker was to some extent ousted by the stronger ; and that therefore the present representatives of its race are to be regarded as survivors of that struggle for exist- ence which is ever going on in vegetable as well as in animal life ? W. O'Brien^ Mcrrion, co. Dublin, UNFRUITFUL TREES. Ho'vV often one sees and hears of trees that are unfruitful, and Apples and Pears especially so. Now this should not and need not be if proper means were employed to remedy it. Nothing is more disappointing than year after year to expect fruit and get none, or of such poor quality as hardly to be fit for use. Some trees are no doubt too old, and would be better replaced by young ones, but others, both standard and trained, can be broiight into a fruitful state, and the treatment will often entirely cure canker, which no doubt is caused by poverty in a great many instances. Very generally this unfruicfulness is caused by the roots getting down into the subsoil for moisture in dry seasons, and when there, as they do not find any of the elements that are necessary for building healthy growths, the tree gets into an unhealthy or an unfruitful state, often making wood at the expense of the fruit- buds. This must not be taken to be always the case because some trees seem to run all to fruit-buds and yet do not ripen their fruit. Young trees can be lifted and brought into a fruit- ful state by bringing the roots nearer the surface, but trees that have stood in one position, for twenty years or more, cannot be lifted entirely, or if they were lifted they would hardly recover from such severe treament. What is necessary to do in such cases is this. Cut away the roots that have a tendency downwards. The way to proceed with this operation (and I have practised it myself on a great number of trees and found it bring about the desired result) is to open a trench on both sides of the tree (if a standard), 6 feet from the stem, 3 feet wide and about 6 feet long, parallel to each other, removing the soil from the trenches to the depth of 3 feet, taking care not to injure the roots that lie horizontally ; then work towards the stem with steel forks and remove the soil as the work proceeds until within 18 inches of the stem, tunnel the remainder, and sever the tap or perpendicular roots about 2 feet from the sur- face, cutting the upper portion of the roots smoothly with a knife and removing as much of the remaining part as possible : then proceed to fill in the trench, making it firm beneath the ball of earth. If some manure can be worked into the upper iS inches of soil it will encouiagc fresh roots and greatly assist in stimulating the energies of the tree. This pruning will check rank growth and consequently direct the energies of the tree to the formation of fruit- buds. Trees on walls must be done from one ^idc only, removing all downward-stretching roots quite back to the wall. Trees that produce nothing but bloom are easier dealt with : Pear tiees especially are li.ible to get into that state ; they make no wood, nor in my opinion do they peifect their fruit- buds. The best way to operate upon them is to thin out the head of the tree about a third of its branches if a standard, and to give it a dressing of rich manure. Trees treated in this way, and which have not had any fruit for years previously, fruited well the next year. A great deal of good can be done to trained trees by the removal of spurs, thereby causing fresh ones to push. In the case of some sorts it is necessary to cut them all back to the main shoot, and the trees of some kinds refuse to bear fruit on old spurs or limbs ; pertinaciously obstinate is Gansel's Bergaraot Pear, and some others that fruit best on a system of moderate extension. This is work that can be carried on at almost any time from the beginning of September until the end of February, frosty weather excepted. A. Waterfnan^ Preston Ball Gardens. A FEAST OF CHINESE PRIMROSES. No heading could be more appropriately placed at the commencement of this paper than the one I have employed. In the Portland nursery of Messrs. Sutton & Sons, at Reading, there can be seen at the present time a collection of Chinese Primroses of a singularly varied and interesting character, representing varieties raided and put in circulation during the past few years, and also novelties, the result of careful crosses — some of them specially striking and instructive as showing how much can be accomplished by intelligent, patient, and persistent cross-breeding. The visitor sees house after house of Primulas, finely grown, and flowering in the best manner ; but unless he can avail himself of a pleasant chat with Mr. James Martin (Messrs. Sutton & Sons' clever foreman) he quite fails to understand how and by what means many of the charming novelties he sees have come about. Much thought and years of patient work have been employed, not a cross has been attempted but it has been fully recorded ; the pedigrees of all the most useful varieties are kept, nothing appears to be left to mere chance, though something of this appears in the results which must be attributed to that natural sportiveness which is characteristic of not a few popular flowers. Messrs. Sutton & Sons have from time to time put several new varieties of Primulas into commerce, such as Reading Scarlet, rich bright red ; flowers of good size, handsomely fringed, and thrown well above the foliage. Pearl, white, the flowers large and beauti- fully fringed ; habit very good, the flowers very numerous, and standing in the form of a pyramid above the leaves. Ruby King, of a rich deep ruby-crimson hue ; flowers of fine form, well fringed, and numerously produced ; they are pale in colour when they first open, but become more intense and richer in tint with age. Reading Blue, a type so improved here that it has developed into the darkest blue we have yet seen ; the flowers large, finely fringed ; clear lemon eye, very free, and the blos- soms thrown well above the foliage. It is probable that, for some few years to come, blue Primulas will be found sportive in character, but it is a strain that will become definitely fixed in course of time. The fore- going have palmate, or the old type of foliage. In addition to these selected varieties, there are Superb While, Superb Red, Princess Beatrice, delicate rosy- lilac, bordered with white ; Marginata, lilac, bor- dered with white and grey ; Florence, bright brick- r^d, &=., but they fall behind those named for dis- tinctness and novelty of character, though all very good. Of Fern-leaved types there are the old white and red forms— in excellent character it must be admitted ; and the following, obtained from distinct crosses :— Snowdrift, a pure white variety that preserves its purity until the end ; it is remarkably free and successional, and when in the height of bloom charming in the extreme ; it is also very early, and by means of a later sowing can bd had in flower for a considerable time. Gipsy Queen is quite new ; the flowers come nearly pure white, but as they age become suffused and spotted with deep rose ; they are large and finely fringed. One singular peculiarity possessed by this type is the deep russetty brown or dark Beet-like foliage, which is in striking contrast to the flowers. It is a very desir- able novelty. Rosy Queen is older in point of time, and, like all Messrs. Sutton & Son^' new types, it has a close and compact pyramidal h=ibil, and is very early; the colour of the flowers delicate salmon-rose ; large and well formed. It will be remembered that the older types of Fern-leaved Primulas had long leaves, foot-stalks and leaves both being so long that they hid the flowers from view. The blade of the leaf in Messrs. Sutton & Sons' varieties is only half the length formerly seen, and the foot-stalks are corre- spondingly short. It is held by Mr. Martin that there are four essen- tial points necessary to a good Primula, viz., habit of growth, size of flower, substance, and colour. Those who remember the strains of Chinese Primulas of twenty years ago will acknowledge what an advance has been made with these qualities in Primulas. It is worthy of note that in all cases the darkest palmate foliage makes an excellent habit. It has also been observed that in the case of pink and carmine-coloured flowers the eye is clearest, and the purer the cleat lemon colour the better is the elTect. What is the origin of the Fern-leaved character in Chinese Primulas ? Mr. Martin claims it as a result of high culture ; he remarks that one seldom sees sickly Fern-leaf types, and affirms that impoverished Fern-leaf plants will degenerate into palmate foliage. Broadly put, the Fern-leaf character has been evolved out of the palmate or old type of foliage, and among the progeny which represents Messrs. Sutton & Sons' latest crosses some can be seen in which the character of the foliage is intermediate between the two. One cross was exhibited in which the dark coloured Rosy Queen had been carried over to the delicate coloured Gipsy Queen, with its peculiarly dark foliage, and the dark flowers had resulted without the slightest change of foliage. In seeking certain definite results the fertiliser finds that the more opposite in character the two subjects he operates upon the longer is the time required to produce them. The following novelties so obtained were seen in the best condition : — A beautiful and distinct double crimson variety, large and full, very fine, and having dark palmate foliage ; a double carmine of similar colour and character of foliage, much paler in tint, very bright and effective ; a double variety with Fern- leaf foliage of the Prince Arthur type; a charming double white Fern-leaf, of the purest white, and specially attractive ; a variety provisionally named oculata lutea, with an unusually large clear lemon eye, and a margin of pale rose, which may, perhaps, be made the progenitor of a distinct section ; another, with a large white star-like centre, having a broad margin of pleasing deep rosy-pink, and dark foliage, which must be regarded as a new departure ; a variety with a clear Picotee edge, white, distinctly margined with delicate pink ; and it is remarkable that the best form of this came from a Reading Blue and another ; new type, the deep pink flowers blotched with white ; a large lemon centre, and dark Fern-leaved foliage From a clear single white has come a semi-double deep red, very rich in colour, and admirable inhabit. A semi-double lilac-coloured variety is lieing crossed on to a good blue in the hope of attaining a double blue variety. In looking over these new breaks, the eye is attracted by two types of a singularly eccentric ap- pearance. One is a mossy or Parsley- leaved Primula, of Continental origin, at first with flowers of the poorest character, but considerably improved by patient fertilisation ; and another Continental type with dark foliage and entire cordate leaves at the termination of long dark stems. This, too, has been much improved in flower and habit, and one has this season produced rich ruby-crimson coloured flowers, large, stout, and well fringed. Whether these curious freaks will ever have a commercial value remains to be seen, but among the crosses so care- fully made at Reading nothing is overlooked, the one aim being to obtain as much variety as possible both in flower and foliage, the latter always in as- sociation with blossoms characterised as much as possible by the four points mentioned as essential to a comparatively perfect Primula, X. D, 2o8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. IFebrcary 14, 1885. INDIAN NOTES. MILLI^•GTO^'lA horlensis belongs to the Big- roniaceffi, and is one of the finest trees of India. Even when comparatively young, with a stem about 12 or 14 inches in diameter, it grows to 40 or 50 feet high, and as straight as an arrow, while at its widest part it is not often more than 8 or 10 feet across. Like the Lombardy Poplar and Cypress in Europe, it is one of those trees which Nature has placed in the hands of the landscape gardener to enable him to vary the monotony of trees with a round head. The head of this Millingtonia is cylindrical, with foliage of the deepest green. The leaves are upwards of 18 inches long, imparipinnate, with a tendency to become decompound ; the leaOets at the base and extremity of the pinnre being larger than the intermediate ones. The inflorescence is terminal, and in loose compound panicles, with drooping, long, and narrow-tubed white flowers, which become subsequently slightly tinged inter- nally with purple. The corolla is divided into five parts, and has a Jessamine scent. It has the rudi- ment of a filth stamen, I suppose to indicate its rela- tionship to the five-stamen section of plants. This beautiful tree flowers in November, when many other trees are turning of a yellowish green, and are begin- ning to shed their leaves. It rarely seeds. I have been in India since 1857, and although in Lucknow there are many " Neem Chamfeli " trees, as natives call the Millingtonia, I have only seen one tree bear- ing seed, and that sparingly, and only on its eastern aspect. The seed is contained in a Siliqua-like pod, about a foot long. The Millingtonia is one of those trees expressly made by Nature for avenues, and as a matter of course it is rarely or never used for such a purpose ! An avenue with three rows of Millingtonia trees on each side would be worth going a long distance to look at. It would thus have space not only for a carriage-road, but also side-ways for horses and pedestrians. As it grows straight upwards to a great height it would not spread over the road, nevertheless it would give plenty of shade on either one or other side, except perhaps for half-an-hour at mid-day, and that if the avenue were due north and south. Its not giving branches which would cover the road, as in a tunnel, is, I think, a great advantage in India— and, indeed, in all hot countries. The shade over a road during sunshine is grateful enough, but in the hot weather after sundown, when the open country has become comparatively cool, all roads overshadowed by trees remain for hours suffocatingly hot, owing to the trees obstructing the radiation of the heat absorbed by the road during the day. It is enough to pass from the open ground to that under trees to feel at once a great rise in the temperature. During the hot weather at night no one thinks of sleeping under a tree. On the open " maidan " it is cool, and sleep is possible, while under trees the air remains as hot as an oven. The wood of the Millingtonia hortensis is soft and loose-textured, and almost worthless excepting as an inferior firewood. I was thinking that a combination avenue of tall trees, such as the Millingtonia, and some pretty round-headed tree, such as the Ety- thrina tuberosa, planted alternately, or three of one kind and one of the other, or vice versd, would make a novel and most charming thing. This tree is pro- pagated either by cuttings or root-buds which are thrown up in the surrounding ground, especially of older trees. These root-buds serve, instead of seed- buds, to save it from extinction. E. Bonavia, M.D., Etawah, (fig- 7^) gives — a, front view of flower ; ^, side view ; c, back view ; (/, column ; ^, side view of the same ; f, pollen masses ; d^ e,f, being enlarged. The Satyriums, both African and Indian, grow well together if properly treated ; and some day or other, when some of our clever Orchidists, who seem only to have to turn their attention to any genus in order to bring out its full beauty, can find time to arrange a low house of the same temperature as the Odonto- glossum-bouse, but somewhat drier, for the reception of terrestrial Orchids, we shall see the golden, crim- son, yellow, purple, and white spikes, with their numerous flowers, which travellers often tell us of, and our stray specimens exhibit, and then their beauty and fragrance will be appreciated. The Satyriums are all terrestrial Orchids, with tuberous or Orchis- like roots, the flower-spikes proceeding from the centre of the crown of leaves, which cap the last-made tubers. After flowering they want a restricted supply of water for a month or so, but should not be allowed to get too dry, as the formation of the next season's root-growth soon begins ; it is, therefore. SATYRIUM NEPALENSE. The genus Satyrium had always been considered to be confined sliiclly to Africa, until from material obtained from the colledion of Buchanan Hamilton in 1824, D. Don, in Prodr. Fl. Nep.^ p. 26, published this curious and handsome species, giving the habitat as Sikkim, 7000 — 12,000 feet. In 1838 two other well-defined Indian species, S. Wightianum and S, ciliatum appeared, and three years later Achille Richard named three others, which he received from the Nilgherry collection of Perrotet, viz., S. Perrottetianum, S. albiflorum, and S. pallidum, but these Dr. Lindley considered were not botanically distinct from the varieties previously named. S. nepalense is easily recognised by its large coloured bracts and purple flowers. Our illustration Fig, 38.— flower ok satyrium nepalense. A, Front view of flower ; B, Side view ; c, Back view ; D, Colunm ; ^e, Side view of same ; f, Pollen-masses. the best time to repot them soon after flowering, the material used being all sandy peat, or two-thirds sandy peat and one-third sloam. James CBrun. NOTES ON THE CULTIVATED ASTERS.— IX. {Continued from p. 142.) Subgenus V. Calimeris. — Bracts of the involucre suhequal, uniform in texture throughout. Ray-flowers fertile, spreading. Pappus shorter than the achene, of few rigid bristles. Connects Aster with Boltonia. 47. A. T/wmsoni, C\a.Yke ; Hook, fil., FI. Ind., iii., 253. Calimeris flexuosa, Royle. — Stems hairy, erect, simple or branched, 1—3 feet long. Leaves large, thin, sessile, broadly ovate, acuminate, hairy, coarsely toothed, the lower 3— 4 inches long, ik—sinches broad. Headsfew, arranged in a lax corymb, sometimes solitary. Involucre broadly campanulate, i inch in diameter ; bracts sub- equal, lanceolate, acute, greenish. Expanded heads ij inch in diameter ; ligules 30 — 40, whitish, i inch long. Achene clavate, hairy, | inch long ; pappus white, shorter than the achene, composed of a few rigid unequal bristles. Temperate region of the Western Himalayas. Our Kew plant was given us lately by the Rev. C. WoUey Dod. A very distinct and interesting species. Cali- meris incisa, DC, which is common in gardens, and was classified by Fischer in Aster, is now placed by Bentham in Boltonia. It has a very small paleaceous pappus. Subgenus VI. Galatella.— Bracts of the invo- lucre without any leafy tips. Ray-flowers sterile and reflexing irregularly. Leaves narrow and rigid, usually distinctly gland-dotted. Achene and pappus as in Orlhomeris. This subgenus is confined entirely to the temperate regions of Europe and Asia. All the species are very closely allied to one another, and authorities differ widely as to their number and limi- tation. In a garden they catch the eye by the untidy irregular way in which the ligules reflex. Galatella has been usually kept up as a genus, but is merged in Aster by Bentham and Hooker. 48. A. acris, Linn. A. linifolius and hyssopifolius, Linn. A. punctatus, W. and K. A. dracunculoides, Besser. Galatella linifolia, hyssopifolia, punctata, in- sculpta, pauciflora and biflora, Nees. G. dracunculoides, DC. — Stems firm in texture, terete, scabrous, stiffly erect, ij — 2 feet long. Leaves crowded, sessile, ascend- ing, lanceolate, entire, acute, firm in texture, densely gland-dotted, the lower li — 2 inches long, ^ — ^ inch broad, obscurely 3-nerved. Heads very numerous, arranged in a dense panicle with corymbose branches. Involucre campanulate, \ inch in diameter ; bracts pauciserial, lanceolate, firm in textnre. Ligules 8 — 10, bright lilac, j — g inch long, reflexing irregularly. Achene densely persistently silky, sUghily flattened ; pappus copious, flexuose, whitish, nearly i inch long. The form as above described is the Galatella punc- tata as understood by Nyman, which he limits geographically to France and Italy. From this G. in- sculpta, Nees, of Hungary and Russia, differs mainly in its broader, more distinctly 3-nerved leaves, and the Siberian and East European G. dracunculoides, DC. (G. pauciflora, Nees), by its smaller heads and fewer ligules. Aster linilolius and hyssopifolius of Lin- Dseus, were both described by him under some mis- apprehension as American species. The former is a variety of the present species, with very narrow one- nerved leaves, and few very short ligules. 49. A. canus, Waldst. and Kit., PI. Hung., t. 30. Galatella cana, Nees. G. canescens, Cass. — Stems erect, 2 — 3 feet long. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, entire, coated on both sides with persistent silvery tomentura, beneath which the glandular dots are hidden, entire, distinctly 3-nerved from base to apex, the lower i\ — 2 inches long. Heads numerous, arranged in a dense panicle with corymbose branches. Involucre campanu- late, under ^ inch diameter ; bracts lanceolate, green, firm in texture. Ligules 8 — 10, bright lilac, ^ inch long. Achene densely silky, rather flattened ; pappus copious, dirty while, J inch long. Hungary, Moravia, Slavonia, and Servia. A very distinct species, well represented in the Kew herba- ceous ground, 30. A. dahuricus, Benth. Galatella dahurica, DC.— Stems stiifly erect, 2 — 3 feet long ; leaves lanceolate, sessile, acuminate, copiously gland-dotted, the lower li — 2 inches long, distinctly three-nerved. Heads numerous, arranged in an ample panicle with corymt>ose branches. Involucre campanulate, \ inch diameter, well imbricated ; bracts green, multiserial, lanceolate. Ligules twenty or more, pale Hlac, J — J inch long. Achene densely pilose, hltle flattened ; pappus \ inch long, white, flexuose. Central Siberia eastward to Amurland. A near ally of acris, from which it mainly differs by its larger heads and more numerous ligules. 51. A, trinervis^ Desf. A. acris, Willd. Galatella acris, Nees. G. rigida, Cass. — Stems scabrous, 1^ — 2 feet long. Leaves lanceolate, very firm in texture, very obscurely if at all gland-dotted, distinctly three-nerved, the lower ij— 2 inches long. Heads in a dense corym- bose panicle. Involucre \ inch diameter ; bracts lanceo- late, rigid in texture. Ligules 8—10, lilac. Achene and pappus as in A. acris. South of France. Differs mainly from acris by its almost undotted leaves. The Siberian G. Hauptii, Lindl., of which G. fastigiata, tenuifolia, and squai- rosa are scarcely more than mere forms, differs mainly February 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 209 from the narrow-leaved forms of acris by its undotted leaves. Subgenus VII. Linosvris. — Differs only from Gala- tella by the ray-flowers being entirely absent. 52. A. Linosyris, Bemh. Chrj'socoma Linosyris, Linn. Linosyris vulgaris, Cass. — Stems scabrous, stiffly erect. Leaves crowded, ascending, linear, r-nerved. Heads many, in a dense corymbose panicle. Involucre campanulate, } inch in diameter ; bracts pauciserial, lanceolate, acute. Ligules entirely absent. Achenes hairy, rather flattened ; pappus \ inch long, of copious white ciliated bristles. Spread Caucasus. all through Europe from Britain to the There are about half a dozen other species elsewhere ; on all occasions staging specimens of a high order of merit ; but the plants appearing in our illustration were universally regarded as the best he had ever placed in an exhibition tent. So much were the committee of the Bath show pleased with the specimens that they engaged the services of a photo- giapher to make a picture of them nn the spot; but alter being two hours making the attempt, no satis- factory result occurred. After the plants were taken back to Clyffe Hall, they were photographed as seen in the illustration. Some idea of their height and dimensions can be realised by a comparison with the stature of Mr. Lye, who is standing by his plants and who is of average height. It should be men- tioned, '.hat previous to being photographed they duced. Four of these are dark varieties, viz.. Bounti- ful, Charming, Elegance, and the Hon. Mrs. Hay — the latter one of the oldest, but one of the freest, and scarcely without an equal for its great freedom of bloom. The remaining five are light varieties, viz., Lye's Favourite, Harriet Lye, Star of Wilts, Pink Perfection, and Beauty of the West. The specimens figured average from two to five years of age. It is really marvellous what Mr. Ly« can do with a Fuchsia in two years, and lest it might be supposed that he has plenty of glass accommodatioa and can keep his plants under glass continuously, it is due to him it should be stated that he is very de- ficient in house accommodation, having but two small houses, in one of which (a cold house) he winters hii Fig. 39. — MR. lye's fuchsias. of this subgenus in Siberia, It will be noted that the three subgenera dealt with in this instalment of my paper all belong exclusively to the Old World. J. G. Bttktr, (To he continued^ LYE'S FUCHSIAS. The group of Fuchsias, an engraving of which appears at 6g. 39. represents a collection of nine epecimens raised and exhibited by that well-known cul- tivator, Mr. James Lye, of Clyffe Hall Gardens, Market Lavington, at an exhibition held in Bath in September last, and which received the 1st prize in the premier class for that number of plants. For many years past Mr, Lye has exhibited Fuchsias at exhibitions held at Bath, Trowbridge, Devizes, Calne, Chippenham, and had travelled by road from Market Lavington to Bath and back, a distance of 52 miles, in addition to having been exhibited two days. They returned to their home apparently little the worse for wear, which immunity from harm is no doubt owing to the admir- able system of tying adopted by Mr. Lye. It is some- times said that the act of tyiog-in the flowering shoots in this manner gives the plants a somewhat severely formal appearance, but there is an abundance of healthy foliage and a wonderful profusion of finely developed flowers, showing the most careful and painstaking cultivation. It is only those who are privileged to see these unrivalled plants who can appreciate them at their proper worth. It has been stated already that the varieties figured are all of Mr. Lye's own raising, which fact attests to the value of his seedlings, many of which he has pro- plants and brings them on until he can place them with safety in the open air in early summer. Hl« method of treating the specimens as set forth in his own words may prove helpful to some of our readers : — " After the plants have done flowering, say about the third week in October, I cut them back into the shape best fitted to form symmetrical specimens, and keep them dry for a week or ten days, to check the bleeding of sap which follows ; after that I give a little water just to start them into growth so as to make shoots about three-quarters of an inch in length, in order to keep the old wood active and living. I keep them in a cold house, and give but very little water until the first or second week in February, when I shake the old soil from the roots, and repot them into a fresh compost made up of three parts good loam, one part well decomposed manure, and one 210 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [FlURUARY 14, 18S5. part leaf-mould and peat, with a good bit of silver or sea-sand to keep it open. In order to make large specimens they are shifted as soon as the pots are filled with roots. About the first week in June I place them out-of-doors on a border somewhat shel- tered, and syringe the plants freely every day during hot weather to keep the foliage clean and healthy. I top them back till about seven or eight weeks before I want to show them, according to the requirements of the variety, as some of them require it to be done more freely than others. I give them liquid manure, using what I get from the cows, which with some soot is put into a tub, and allowed to stand a week or ten days before using, and I give them a good dose once a week as they show signs of flowering." In order to preserve his plants from the effects of hail and very heavy rains, a rough framework is erected, and over this is stretched some floral shading, which can be readily lemoved when required ; it also serves the purpose of shading the plants from the sun in very hot and scorching weather. During his career as an exhibitor of Fuchsias Mr. Lye has taken nearly one hundred 1st prizes — a measure of success which fully justifies the bestowal of the title of being the Champion Fuchsia Grower of his day, R, D, EUCHARIS AMAZONICA. As this subject seems to have approached a crisis in which it bids fair to be thoroughly threshed out, may I, by your kind permission, trespass on your valuable space just to offer a few remarks on this long agitated question ? We have a house devoted to Eucharis and Gardenias, with climbers growing on the roof ; it is a span-roofed structure, running east and west. In the centre of this house there is a bed 45 feet long by S feet wide, enclosed by a brick wall 3 feet high ; around this bed, outside the brickwork, we have two rows of 4-inch pipes. This bed is filled with pebbles to within 6 inches of the top, to hold moisture, and on the top of this bed we have a stage 6 feet high, with five shelves, one on the top and four on either side and ends, and on this stage we stand our Eucharis. On either side of this novel stage we have beds with Gardenias planted out, and AUamandas to cover the south side of the roof, and Stephanotis to cover the north side ; these are also planted out, and, I may add, the whole structure is heated by ten rows of 4-inch pipes. The Eucharis were shifted in April last from 24's and l6's into 12's and S's size pots, while some &f the mote vigorous were put into 6's into a compost consisting of three parts turfy loam, one part fibrous peat, and one part old hotbed manure and silver*sand. After potting they were stood on the stage and received but liltle water at the roots until they began to push through, but were syringed overhead five and six times a day during bright weather, and the paths and every other surface being kept sprinkled a very moist atmosphere was maintained, the temperature being kept at 70'^ at night, 85'' by day, go** with sun- heat, and during this time the AUamandas formed a dense shade overhead. As soon as the Eucharis roots had reached the sides of the pots they were supplied liberally with soft water, and with this treatment they had by the end of June filled their pots with large white fleshy roots, and made foliage 3 feet long and 8 inches wide, of a beautiful dark green colour, with- out a spot or blemish of any description. At this period they were kept somewhat drier at the roots, and were syringed overhead less often ; the tempera- ture also was allowed to drop a few degrees, during which time they seemed to enjoy a comparative rest, and the first week in August the first flower-spikes appeared, about 106 in the whole batch ; and since that date, by a systematic course of treatment, they have flowered five consecutive times, giving us from 100 to 250 spikes at each flowering, and from four to seven flowers on each spike, the individual flowers measuring from 4 to 6 inches across, and this same batch are again coming into flower for the sixth time in six months, and I may mention all this has been accomplished in the same house without dividing the plants into batches, dried off, or rested, as I often see recommended, and I expect another crop from the same plants at Easter, after which time they will be again dealt with as last year. The fact of the matter is this. To cultivate Eucharis successfully three great essentials must be observed, viz,, heat, shade, and moisture. Iv'ch of these must be given them in correct proportions, which under the varying circumstances of different gardens can only be indicated generally. They cannot withstand the direct piercing rays of the sun or a dry hot atmo- sphere, and they are- equally unhappy in a wet and cold atmosphere. Each of the above will cause the healthiest of plants to become weak when the miser- able state of things termed disease follows. I may add when our Eucharis were potted no respect was paid to size of bulbs ; small and large were potted together in the same pot, and by way of variety some were potted covering the bulb about half way, others were buried entirely, and others were put almost hard on the crocks, and the results in each case were pre- cisely the same. Our treatment during the past five months has been to syringe overhead three and four times a-day, weather permitting. The paths, which are of cement, are always sprinkled with water, and the atmosphere is at all times heavily charged with moisture. By these means, when carrying a crop of flowers, they are supplied at every alternate watering with weak liquid manure made of the drainings of the horse stable. The temperature is 65° at night, 70^ by day, 75° with sun-heat, unless in frosty v/eather, when the thermometer falls below the above readings. //. H.^ Wesi Brighton Nurseries. 1S46. C. punctatum, introduced from Brazil in 1S23, is also a very handsome plant. These Orchids should find a place in all large collection. The Editor states that the plants require plenty of pot-room, to be potted in fibrous loam and decayed manure, and to have free exposure to light, shading only when the sun is very powerful. J. Dendrobium IIasselti. A native of Java, with erect slender stems and sheathing lanceolate leaves, from whose axils emerge short racemes of small rosy-lilac flowers with a well- marked triangular spur. The species was originally described by Blume, and is figured in the Illustration Horticole for January, tab, 545, Orchids at Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. Saccolabium bellinum is quaint and interesting, the ground colour of its flowers is yellow, with heavy deep maroon spots, and a fringed labellum. The advance guard of Cattleya TriancK is in flower, and with them are to be seen some of the later blooms of C. Percivaliana. The contrast between the two species is very great, especially when the pale forms of C. Triance are compared with the brilliant coloured labellum and deeply tinted sepals and petals of C. Percivaliana. G. G. ixiXxi |oius Httd Ikaninp. FOI^SSTf^Y. L^LIA ANCEPS. The large importations of this species being sold in London and elsewhere comprise specimens of great size, and some of them quite remarkable as to variety. Evidently the white forms are very plentiful, as a sheaf of spikes on which were the dried flowers was exhibited in Stevens' rooms last week. All of them that have yet flowered follow the original L. anceps Dawsonsi in having coloured lines or other markings on the lip, the sepals and petals being white. Orchid fanciers will look forward to the flowering of these recent importations of the white form with great interest, as they will not only vary in the colour of the lip, but the sepals and petals will be purer^ broader, longer, and differently suffused with blush, in some forms more than in others. The bulbs which some of these recently introduced Lx-lias have made in their native haunts are of uncommon size and substance. They are just right to start into growth at once with the established plants, which will also do so as soon as they have done flowering, This is a good time to repot any plants that may require it. The characteristic habit of this species is to form elon- gated pseudobulbs with a woody stem of some length ; these stems have a tendency to push the bulbs over the sides of the pots, or upwards, amongst other old bulbs. The roots will then form outside of the com- post in which the plants are potted. It is the nature of the plant to do this, and it is bad management to place peat or any other matter in contact with them. The roots have great attractions for slugs, &c., but these pest must not be allowed to inter/ere with them. Lselia anceps is not like L, majalis, L, aulumnalis, and some others that will flower for a year or two and speedily degenerate. I have grown the same plants, and flowered them successfully for twenty years. A plant of this kind becomes an old and valued friend, which we look to welcome us with its lovely flowers during each recurring winter. It does best in a light position in the Cattleya-house, and the plants should be potted in the first place, just as L. purpurata or Cattleya Mossite is potted, with the pots filled two-thirds full with clean drainage, the remainder with good fibrous peat, sphagnum, and broken pottery with it. The newly imported plants must have a good hold of the compost, it must be pressed in firmly around the old bulbs ; if the plants can be readily moved in the pots they will not be likely to do well. J, Douglas. CVRTOrODIUM CARDIOCIULUM. This interesting species is well figured in the Orchid Alburn^ but the Editor states that it has gone out of fashion. It is a small genus of Orchids well worth cultivating, as the flowers are not only showy, but they are well set off by the noble growth of the plants. The flowers are also sweet-scented. The species alluded to was introduced so long ago as WORK FOR FEBRUARY : HEDGING. Finish as early as possible the trimming of Thorn and other fences. Plant young hedges in ground previously well prepared by trenching. Such work would have been much better performed during autumn, as the Hawthorn is one of our first plants to start into growth. Repair old fences by planting strong bushy plants of Privet, Beech, or Thorn in the gaps. Hedges seldom receive the attention they deserve, and are too often entrusted to those who are practically unacquainted wi!.h their management. Cleaning the sides of live fences is, although usually considered of minor importance, one of the greatest aids in the promotion of a healthy useful fence, and should be annually attended to. The various railway companies are certainly to be commended for the very efticient manner in which their hedges are usually managed. Draining. Plantation and other drains should now receive atten- tion, and all accumulations of branches and debris should be removed from their course. Scour out, widen, and deepen woodland ditches, and, where necessary, cut new drains for the removal of stagnant water. It will be found a good plan to have the mouths of closed drains examined weekly, more especially dur- ing winter, and all obstructions removed therefrom. Roads and Walks. Keep these in a good, sound, passable condition at all times, avoiding ruts and surface irregularities which are anything but pleasant to foot or other pas- sengers. Take advantage of dry, frosty weather for the cartage of stones, gravel or screenings required in their repairs. Now is a good time to construct new roads and walks, or metal such as have by heavy traffic become worn down and irregular on the sur- face. After applying the metalling give a slight cover- ing of gravel or screenings— the latter is preferable, and press all fiimly down with a heavy roller. The gratings of roadside drains will also require attention to prevent their becoming choked with small twigs and sediment. General Work. Prepare and slack faggots for home consumption, and when perfectly dry have them carted under cover for use as required. In the pleasure ground fork shrubbery beds, peg down evergreens where their ex- tension is desired, and replace any dead plants by others of a different kind from the nursery border. Where Rhododendrons are planted on poor clay soils a dressing of cow-dung and leaf-mould will not only promote rapid growth but .add a decided lustre to the foliage. Levelling and ground-work improvements may also, during favourable weather, be carried on, and Furze, Briers, and other objectionable vegetation may be grubbed up and removed from the greensward. Manures previously carted should now be turned and all nursery compost heaps well mixed up before Ftr.RLIARY 14, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 2\ I being applied to the breadths and borders. Arboeal vegetation looks remarkably well, and haseveryappear- ance of producing slron{; shoots and being unusually floriferous during the coming season. Where old trees are considered worthy of preservation all dead branches should be removed therefrom, hollows or decayed places tilled up or covered over to prevent the ingress of water, and a trench formed all around thera and refilled with some rich loose compost. The soil close to the stem should also be thoroughly loosened and mixed with leaf-mould, or well decayed farmyard manure. Saw-mill work should be well forwarded during the present month, and a stock of charred and tarred gate and paling posts got ready for spring fencing. The latter is well worthy of attention, and may be engaged in during winter, when the inclemency of the weather prevents the workmen from pursuing their usual occupations. Collect all prunings, more especially those of the Vew, Laurel, and Box, and have them either safely disposed of or burned on the ground. Vew and Box are deadly poison to many animals when in a half withered state, as the numerous recorded cases only too plainly show. Continue to collect the refuse and tic'his of plantations, which, although it may not be saleable, or even pay the cost of collecting, still, to insure healthy crops of trees free from the attacks of insect pests, it is really of the utmost importance that woods be gone over annually to clear them of all fallen timber and decaying refuse. This season, for the first time, I have seen the Corsican Pine (Pinus Laricio) infested by the Pine Beetle (Hylurgus piniperda), but it is but right to say that the trees, which had been planted the previous summer, were in a very unhealthy state at the time they were attacked. The origin of the beetle was clearly traced to decayed Pine branches that had been left about when removing blown-down timber during the previous season. Thinning. Excellent opportunities have been affoided by the open weather of the past month for the general felling of underwood, and bringing up of all planting arrears. Hardwood plantations. Oak excepted, should, as far as possible, be finished this month, before the buds begin to expand, after which they are liable to damage and disbudding by the falling thin- nings. Where practicable dispose at once of all thinnings, and take advantage of dry frosty weather for the removal of timber into lots or convenient stations for loading, always bearing in mind that good roads considerably enhance the value of timber generally. The thinning of plantations should be executed gradually, and with great caution, and always proportionately to the exposure, if the remaining trees are to retain their health and vigour. Avoid over-thinning the outer lines of trees, more especially on the exposed or windward side, and look more to the benefit of the remaining timber than to the value of the produce cleared out. Roots. AVherever trees have been blown over, but more particularly within the policy grounds, all other work should be suspended until they are removed, as few things have a more neglected or untidy appearance than fallen trees with upturned roots, especially where visible from drives and walks. The cheapest and most effectual way of disposing of tree roots is to dig a large pit immediately behind them, and into which they will fall when severed from the trunk. Not less than 2 feet of soil should cover such roots. Pruning. Prune branches that have become broken or twisted by the late gales, and paint the wound caused by amputation with tar or composition specially prepared for the purpose. The wound should be carefully dressed with an adze or sharp pruning-knife and made perfectly smooth previous to applying the tar or composition. Nursery. The nursery will now claim the almost undivided attention of the forester who has had much planting on hand. By the end of the month all seedlings should, if possible, be planted and the work of the home nur- sery should be well advanced. In planting seedlings give plenty of room, not only between the individual plants, but the lines as well, so as to admit of plenty of room for weeding and keeping these in a proper healthy condition. For hardwoods generally 5 inches between the plants and iS inches from row to row will be suflicient ; Larch, Scotch Fir, and Spruce may, however, be planted closer, say 12 to 15 inches between the rows, and 3 or 4 inches from plant to plant. During fine weather sow seeds of Ash, Syca- more, Beech, Elm, and Thorn in ground previously well prepared and broken up. The beds may be 3 feet in width and iS inches apart. Plant cuttings of Elder and Poplar, the former with one eye below- ground and two above ; and the latter, selected from the thick end of the last year's shoots, 6 inches below- ground and"2 inches above. In nursery management it should always be remembered that deep planting is highly injurious to trees of all sizes. Overcrowding should also be sedulously avoided, a fact that is at once apparent by the number of ill-grown, weakly plants sent out by some of our nursery firms. Fencing. Pay attention to all woodland fences, gates, tree guards, and rabbit-proof wire nettings, and where these have become damaged or broken repaiis should at once be executed. At this season many of the rarer coniferous and other trees are apt to be injured by ground game ; this can only be avoided by surround- ing them with wire-netting, or where bare stems occur by frequent applications of Davidson's compo- sition. Tar is also useful, but becomes a tiresome application from the frequency with which it requires renewing. The latter should never be applied whole- sale, but with the utmost caution, especially to the stems of the Holly and kindred plants. The moor- ings of ornamental park trees, one of the fencer's duties, should, especially during stormy weather, receive careful atteQtlon at least once each week. A, D, Webster. TPhE pfiOPAQATOR. THE PROPAGATION AND CULTURE OF ANTHURIUMS. {Continued from p. 83,) Anthurium Andreanum is a splendid plant, and for brilliant colour almost surpasses the well-known A. Scherzerianum, and, therefore, well deserves special attention from the gardener. From seed it can be raised in large quantities, and as success will very much depend upon iis quality the seed should not be purchased, but should be raised by personal fertilisation. In fertilising a small camel's-hair brush should be brushed along the spadix from end to end and around it. This should be done three or four times at intervals of two or three days. The plants fertilised should be separated from the others, and placed together in a part of the house where they will be out of the reach of the syringe. If they throw up any leaf-growth it should imme- diately be pinched out, so that seed-ripening alone may be encouraged. As soon as the seed is ripe it should be gathered and cleaned. There is a glutinous substance surrounding the seeds from which they should be freed. To do this it is a good plan to take the ripe fruits between the finger and thumb, squeeze the seeds out, and thinly spread them over a sheet of paper upon which a little finely sifted dry sand should have previously been shaken. After a few hours the seeds will have become somewhat dry, and can be brushed into a small pan ready for sowing. The most convenient pans for the seeds are those of large, deep, 48-size, and well drained. These should be filled with soil composed of one-half peat, one- quarter loam, and one-quarter silver-sand, to which should be added small quantities of finely broken pot- sherds and well-chopped sphagnum moss, besides a little charcoal, the whole to be well mixed together, and rubbed through a ;J inch sieve. The soil in the pans should be mad^ \\ inch higher in the centre than the rim of the pot, to which it should be made to slope gradually, and after the pans have been well watered the seeds can be sown lightly on the surface of the soil, but they must not be covered with it. The pans should now be placed in a cutting-case or frame upon a gentle bottom- heat ; if the case be a deep one they should be placed upon inverted pots, so as to bring the seed- pans as near the light as possible. Here they must be watered with a fine rose-pot as soon as they become dry, and shaded fiom the strong rays of the sun, and besides this they should be ventilated for one hour both night and morning. When the seed- lings have grown an inch in height the pans should be taken from the case and stood upon the open bottom-heat. At the expiration of a few days they can be potted each into a small thumb-pot, and must again be put in the cutting-frame near the glass ; they must now receive a good watering, and every night and morning sprinkled with a fine rose-pot, shading them lightly, and for ventilation the lights of the cases must be raised an inch both in front and behind, and the air should not be taken off either during the day or for the night. The plants should be treated in this manner until they are strong enough to be potted into larger pots. For a few days before the plants are taken out of the case for this purpose more and more air should gradually be given them, and before pot- ting thera they must be allowed to stand a few days upon the open bottom-heat. They can at the end of that time be potted into small do's, and must be replaced upon open bottom-heat, and sprinkled night and morning with a fine rose-pot. When they have rooted through the soil, and have gained sufficient strength, they should be potted into large 6o's, and then moved to a front platform in a good growing house. Here they must be well watered at the roots, and slightly syringed or sprinkled as before, besides being shaded from the sun, and upon every fine day liberally supplied with air. When they again require larger pots they should be potted into large 48*3, and again into a larger size if pecessaiy. Soil, With regard to soil, at and from the time the plants are potted into small 6o's the following mixture should be used :— One-half good turfy loam, one-quarter fibrous peat, and one-quarter river sand, to which should be added small quantities of chopped sphag- num moss, ballast, or finely broken potsherds, and charcoal broken into pieces of Walnut size. It should be kept in mind that, in potting, the crowns of the plants must be kept about an inch above the level of the rim of the pot. The seeding of Anthuriums is well worth doing, as the seedlings give a quantity of compact plants which often thrive better than those from cuttings. This variety can also be increased by division. To do this what is called the crown of the plant should be taken out with a sharp knife, i.e.^ a piece of the main stem or top shoot, which should have two or three roots attached to it. Each of these pieces should be firmly potted into small 6q's, placing to each pot three sticks, forming a triangle, and tieing to each of the sticks one of the three principal leaves on the cutting in order to keep them firmly in the pots, A little sand should be put at the base of each piece in potting, and when they have been potted they must be well watered and placed in a cutting case or frame. In the case they must be kept well watered and shaded from the sun, and air should be given them for an hour at night and in the morning, but as soon as they have well rooted through the light of the frame should^bejaised an inch, and kept so both day and night for a few days before they are turned out upon the open bottom-heat. Here they should, remain until they are a little hardened, when they should be potted into large 48's and put in a good growing house to be treated in the same way as the seedlings. Stock Plants, The plants that have been cut down will be very valuable as stock plants, and should t herefore be taken great care of. A stick should he piacd i" each, and the leaves looped u;* to it as cue 'i^ \> s* sible, and in order to prevent the exudaiitm of bap a little dry sand should be put upon the surface of the cut for three or four days. When this has been dune they should be replaced upon the bottom-heat, and if care be taken they will continue for years to throw up young growth?, and as soon as these are strong enough they can be taken off and put in as cuttings. The treatment above given can be applied to all AnthuriJms of like growth, such as A. crystal- linum, A. m:ignificum, A. Dachardii, A. floribundum, A. hybridam, A. ornaturo, A. regale, A. tenuisslmum, A. Veitchii, A. Warocqueanum ; besides these there are a few climbing or trailing varieties which propagaie very freely. The cuttings should only have one le;.f and one eye, and should be put in in the ordinary way. They root freely, and will soon form good plants. 7', 0. 212 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 14, 1885. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. f Sale of 5CO0 Lilium auratum, at Stevens' \ Rooms. J Sale of Valuable Imported Orchids, at "i Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. r Clearance Sale of Nursery Stock, at New- I ing's Nurserj', Deal, by Protheroe & I Morris ■ Sale of Lilies, Roses, and Plants from \ Belgium, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. I Sale of Roses, Fruit Trees, Hardy I'lanrc, I and Flowering Orchids, at itcveiis L Rooms. t Meeting ot the Linnean Society. \ Sale of Imported Orchids from Mr. Sander, \ at Stevens' Rooms. j Sale of A'aluable Imported Orchids, at i Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. P . f Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at reo 21 .J Stevens' Rooms. Monday, Ftb 16 Tuesday, Feb 17 Wednesday Feb 18 Thursday, Feb, >9 Friday. Feb. 20 Saturday, Feb 21 THE annual general meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society was held on Tuesday last, in the conservatory, under the presidency of Sir TREVOR Lawrence. The report, which will be given next week, was taken as read and the financial account — which, mirabile dictii, shows a balance in favour of the Society to the extent of ^28— was also passed without material comment. The manner in which the books are kept, we may add parenthetically, reflects the utmost credit on the accuracy and neatness of Mr. DOUGLAS Dick, the Financial Secretary. The most serious item in the report is the large number of resignations and of defaulters. While we regret the loss of cash that this involves, it is abundantly evident that the Society can get on very well without such less than lukewarm support, and that a smaller body of Fellows who are really interested in horticulture, and an earnest Council devoted to carrying out the legitimate objects of the Society, are much more likely to manage the Society's affairs usefully and creditably than a larger number of adherents caring nothing for horticulture proper. While, on the one hand, there has been, as every one expected there would be, a large falling off in the South Kensington element, on the other the Society has been freed from debt and freed from the incubus of keeping up the Kensington Garden. Indeed, so far from that garden, or what remains of it, being a drag on the Society, it was paid for maintaining it in order by the Health Exhibition Committee last year, and similar arrangements, satisfactory to all parties, have been entered into for the present year. So far, then, things are going on smoothly. There is an excellent Council, and the additions made on Tuesday will strengthen it materially. The improved spirit as compared with that which was evinced during the years of terror, is manifest, even in the tone and wording of the report. It is evident that the present Council appreciates the legitimate work of the Society, and endeavours, so far as circumstances permit, to carry it out. And here it is fitting and just that cordial acknowledgment should be made of the services of Lord Aberdare, the retiring President. His Lordship claims no special merit as a horticul- turist, but his rule has been eminentlyjudicious. Elected at a time when the Society was at the very lowest ebb — in debt and difficulty, despised outside and torn by faction inside— Lord Aber- dare undertook no enviable office. Never- theless by his courtesy, tact, and business management, he conciliated opposing parties, saw the Society through its disastrous law suits (undertaken, it will be remembered, in vindica- tion of the honour and good faith of the Society), and now, finding the Society's affairs in a satisfactory condition and general harmony prevailing, he retires, simply because he is overburdened by the weight of other public and official duties. The Fellows at large will cor- dially join in the vote of thanks proposed by Sir Trevor Lawrence, and seconded by Mr. Guedalla, in the following terms : — "The Royal Horticultural Society desire to e.vpress to the Right Hon. Lord Aberdare their grateful acknow- ledgment of the eminent services he has rendered to them during the ten years he has been their President — services which largely contributed to the extrication of the Society from a position of serious embarassment and difficulty. The Royal Horticultural Society greatly regret his Lordship's resignation, owing to the pressure of other engagements, of a post which he has occupied to their signal advantage." And now, having sped the parting guest, it is a pleasure indeed to welcome the incoming President. Sir Trevor Lawrence, as Pre- sident of the Royal Horticultural Society, is, to all intents and purposes, the right man in the right place at the present time ; and with the strong Council to back him, we may look on the prospect as encouraging. The proposed exhibition of Orchids and the Conference there- upon, will be looked forward to with the greatest interest. We trust that speedy steps may be taken to secure adequate accommodation for the Fellows, who now have no place even to sit down in. A meeting-room is sorely wanted, and if this could be obtained temporarily, and provisionally, we could wait a little longer for the much needed offices andaccommodationforthelibrary. Surely it would be possible to find some corner in which a temporary reading room for the general use of the Fellows could be erected pending the acquisition of that more ample permanent accommodation which is so urgently needed. Reverting to the proceedings at the general meeting, it may be added, that Mr. LiGGiNS and others made some comments on the Society's proceedings, and that Mr. Shirley HiBBERD urged the Council to take steps to secure a larger number of exhibitors among amateurs and others unconnected with trade interests. The Parkes Museum.— The large and valuable collection of books in the Health Section of the library of the International Health Exhibition — consisting of about 1500 volumes — has been presented to the library of the Parkes Museum. Special arrangements have been made for the admission of students to the library and reading room. Rose W. F. Bennett.— We understand that Mr. Evans, of Rolandsville, Philadelphia, has purchased the whole stock of this Rose, and that it will be sent out this spring by Messrs. W. Paul & Son, of Waltham Cross. Mr. Evans has also purchased " Her Majesty," the price for the two Roses, we believe, having been not less \i\xa ^\(xio, Palermo Botanic Garden.— We have re- ceived the catalogue of seeds offered in exchange by the Palermo Botanic Garden. Strelitzia regina. — There is a fine plant of this species carrying the unusual number of seven- teen spikes, at Cae Gwyn, the residence of T. F. Maddocks, Esq. This is a subject of easy culture that should be more commonly grown, the handsome bird-like Sower of gorgeous colours being always striking. Linnean Society of London.— A meet- ing will be held on February 19, at S p.m., when papers will be read :— " Recent Ephemeridse or May Flies " (Part III.), by Rev. A. E. Eaton ; on "Mosses of the genus Fissidens," by W. Mitten, Esq. ; and on the " Structure of Ambulacra of living Diadematidas, " by Professor Duncan. — - The Coming Forestry Exhibition.— The prospectus for this Exhibition is now before the public, and those who take an interest in such matters may judge of what the promoters propose. An exhi- bition of this kind might be made to cover an im- mense field ; in fact, to include virtually everything of importance wherein wood enters into the con- struction. After looking over the prospectus that which will most strike the reader is the improbability of there being anything approaching a complete exhibition of useful and ornamental trees and shrubs, combining the immense number of species and varieties of deciduous and evergreen kinds that will thrive in this country, and of which not a few of the deciduouss sort — although they may have been long enough in the country — are not so well known as they deserve to be. A representative group, such as a good many of the leading nurserymen in the king- dom could exhibit, would cover a good deal of ground, and at the price the executive require (i8j. per yard super), would amount to a sum that, if we are not mistaken, few, if any, will be found willing to pay. The cost of exhibiting groups really repre- sentative, such as we have indicated, would be no trifling matter in itself, leaving out of account having to pay heavily for being permitted to do it. A New Seedling Dendrobium. — There is a very pretty hybrid Dendrobium now in flower at Messrs. Veitch's ; it is interesting as being raised from the hybrid D. endocharis, which was the pollen parent, the seed bearer being D. nobile. The flower is best described as a pale nobile, but it retains the sweet perfume of the original parent D. aureum (heterocarpum). Trichoglottis cochlearis in flower is also very pretty ; it has small clusters of white flowers heavily barred with crimson, Orchid Conference, 1S85.— The Council of the Royal Horticultural Society invite the attention of the Fellows, and of the cultivators of Orchids generally, to the Conference on Orchids, which it is proposed to hold in the Conservatory, on May 12 and 13, and at which the President, Sir Trevor Lawrence. Bart., M. P., will preside. The "invita- tion " proceeds ; — "The cultivation and popularity of Orchids have extended rapidly of late years, owing to the singular beauty and variety of their flowers, the large and frequent importations, and the introduction, or the raising by hybridisation, of rare and beautiful novelties. The Council hope to assemble at the proposed Conference a thoroughly representative exhibition of Orchids, em- bracing plants in flower and in seed, and cut flowers, and illustrating the results obtained by hybridisation, the modes of growth, the methods of cultivation, and the appliances and soil used. Several of the chief growers, amateur and professional, have already promised their support. Fellows of the Society, and cultivators of Orchids generally, are invited to contribute to the Con- ference, so that the exhibition may be as varied and in- teresting as possible. In all cases, where practicable, the following information should be given, viz.— (1) Name ; (2) Native country, if imported ; (3) Parentage, if a hybrid. The plants will be staged in the conservatory, where the atmosphere will be especially attended to, so as to ensure in all respects the well-being of the plants. Staging must be completed by 11 o'clock A.M., and all exhibits may be removed after 6 o'clock p.m. on the second day. Tuesday, the 12th, the ordinary meeting day of the committees, will be devoted to a general examination of the various subjects presented. The doors will be open at 12 noon. On Wednesday, the 13th, the Conference will meet in the conservatory for the reading of papers and discussion, the chair being taken by the President at ro.30 a.m. precisely. Notice of intention to exhibibit, with amount of space required, must be sent to Mr. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington, on or before Friday, the 8th of May." Mr. B. S. Williams has received a warrant appointing him Nurseryman to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. Political Floriculture. — Sir Stafford Northcote, speaking at Exeter recently, remarked that the present age seemed the age of the language of flowers. They knew that one flower was asso- ciated with the reputation of a statesman whose name would ever be remembered with esteem. He alluded to the Primrose and Lord Beaconsfield. It would be difficult to give Mr. Gladstone's flower, because he was more at home among trees. Mr. Chamber. lain admired the Orchid, a strange imported flower which had to be nursed with tender care, could not be exposed to the climate of England, and had to be maintained by hothouse shelter. On the other hand, the Conservatives had chosen the Primrose as their flower, found everywhere, and which was a type of fresh hope, fresh determination, and fresh interest to man. The flowers were faithful to the stems, the stems to the root, the root to the rock to which the plant adhered [!], and this indicated the true spirit of the Conservatives of England. Sir Stafford ap- parently understands more about the flowers of rhetoric than he does about the flowers of the field or the garden. We deplore the association of flowers with party poUtics of any denomination, but if oratori will use metaphor, they should take some pains to February 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 213 use it correctly. We are afraid Sir Stafford would stand little chance of election if it depended on ajury of physiologists, florists and gardeners. But, perhaps, the worst ofTenders in this line are the clergy, which is the more remarkable as many of the cloth are devoted gardeners. National Auricula, and National Car- nation AND ricoTEE Societies (Southern Section). — The schedules of the above societies have been issued to all subscribers, as far as their addresses could be ascertained. There may be members who subscribed for the first time in 1S84 who have not yet received them. The New Treasurer {Mr. Rolt, of 170, HartHeld Road, have large corymbs, and are good growers. There are some new Fuchsias, both single and double, in Fleuve Rouge, Formosa, General Lewal, Indo-Chine, and La France. Some fine zonal Pelargoniums, as Capitaine Krebs, Capitaine Renard, G. Bentham, Henri Martin, J. B. Dumas ; and double-flowered varieties in Bastian-Lepage, Friant, Petiljean, Prouve, Abutilon Thompsoni flore-pleno, Begonia manicata aureo-maculata. M. Bruant, Poitiers, Vienne, France, offers a fine-habited subtropical in Verbesina Mameana, an elegant Bromeliaceous plant in Cara- guata Andreana, Fitcairnia Maroni, a hybrid between P. Altensteinii (the pollen bearer) and P. corallina (the seed bearer), the colour a scarlet-crimson ; Pablia reduplicata, very distinct ; Hedera helix Botanical Ma^azins^ t. 6184, and a large specimen is in cone amongst the Cycad collection in the Palm- house at Kew. Cones have also been produced there on former occasions. The large seeedi are ground by the natives of Mexico and used as Arrowroot ; hence the specific name, Alocasia regin.^ is a remarkable novelty, which differs completely from the other species of the genus known in cultivation. There are so few of the Aroids which are pubescent, that if the pubescence exists in one of them that constitutes at first a very distinct character, and one of the most easy to recog- nise. The existence of hair on the petiole and on the lower face of the medial nerve, and of the Fig. 40.— membland hall, (see p. 205.) Wimbledon) has, it is asserted, applied twice to Mr. DODWELL for an account of the funds and a list of subscribers for last year, but has not yet received any reply. Under those circumstances the Treasurer would be glad to receive promises of support. This can be given in various ways. The first and best is for each subscriber to obtain a new schedule. The second would be for those interested in the success of the societies to double their subscriptions ; or thirdly, to give a donation for this year, and so place the societies again on a sound financial basis. Members who have not yet received copies of schedules and a subscription form can do so by applying to Mr. RoLT. Some Continental Novelties. — M. Lemoine's novelties in flowers : — Three Bouvardias ! Triomphe de Nancy, Sang Lorraine, V. Lemoine ; all of them — some shade of scarlet — pretty, and having double flowers. They ate abundant bloomers, aurantiaca, fruit orange-red ; Monina obtusifolia, a shrub having persistent leaves, belonging to the Polygala family ; Vriesia fenestralis, an introduction from Brazil ; Philodendron Mamei, a strong-growing Aroid from Ecuador, by M. Ed. Andre, DioON EDULE. — To the uninitiated the huge cone of the female plant appears like an immense flower-bud about to burst open. It is ovoid in shape, and consists of a densely imbricated, erect mass of scales, closely enveloped with hairs, that give to the cone as well as the leaf-stalks a hoary appearance. The elegantly pinnatifid and spiny-pointed foliage is erect when fully developed and young, but gradually assumes a reclining, or even pendent position, when the plant is about to throw up a fresh tier of leaves. A large well-furnished plant in this condition has a very graceful appearance, despite the rigidity of all parts of the leaves. The plant is figured in the secondary veins, at once characterises the new species, and distinguishes it from all the other Alocasias introduced into the conservatories, as also from all the species described up to this day, with the exception of Alocasia pubera, ScHOTT. This last, however, is easily distinguished from the new one in many points — among others is that the peduncles are pubescent, whilst those of Alocasia reginaa are glabrous. Alocasia reginse is a striking plant with foliage of a marked character. The petioles are round, pubescent, of a dark green colour set off with purple-brown. The leaves are fleshy, deeply cordated, deep green, glossy on the upper face, purple underneath, with the veins of the lower face green and pubescent. The peduncles are glabrous, slightly compressed, pale green, marked with points of brown purple. The spathes are white, with the tube prettily spotted with purple. They produce a striking contrast with the dark green colour of the leaves. This plant will be 214 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 14, 1SS5. sought after without doubt to produce charming effects with other brilliantly coloured foliage plants. It has been introduced from Borneo by the Compagnie Con- tinentale dHorticulture of Ghent, and will demand the same care in culture, easy in other respects, as the other species of the genus. It is figured in the last number of the lUiLstration Horticok. — Royal Gardens, Kew. — Young gardeners of ability and ambition to rise in their calling should not overlook the great advantages which a sojourn at Kew offers to them. In addition to the routine duties of management, excellently carried out at ICew, gar- deners have the opportunity of seeing and learning more of plants and their culture (excepting, of course, fruit and vegetable culture) than is to be had anywhere else in the kingdom, and the same may be said as to the facilities for acquiring a knowledge of the principles upon which all good culture is based. If our young men do not wish to find themselves sup- planted by the Germans — who as a rule are much better educated for their work than our men are— they will avail themselves of every opportunity of increas- ing their knowledge and not content themselves with mere routine work. The following circular has just been issued showing the mode of admission to the Royal Gardens, Kew : — "Royal Gakdens, Kew. " Applicants for admission as gardeners into the Royal Gardens are furnished with a copy of this paper, which, when filled in, must be signed lay their present or last employer, and returned to the Curator, accompanied by a letter in applicant's own handwriting, The wages are i8j. per week, with extra pay for Sunday duty. "Applicants must be at least twenty, and not more than twenty-five years of age, and have been employed not less than five years in good private gardens or nur- series. Preference will be given to men who have had most experience in the cultivation of plants under glass, and no application will be entertained from men who have not had some such experience. Where obtainable, testimonials from known practical gardeners should accompany the application. " The applicant will be informed if his name has been entered for admission, and. on a vacancy occurring, he will receive notice to that effect. Should there be no vacancy within three months from date of application, it must be renewed if employment at Kew is still desired. If not renewed, the applicant's name^vill be removed from the book. ' ' Gardeners who remain at Kew a year, and whose conduct is satisfactory, will be eligible, as vacancies arise, for the positions of sub-foremen, and will be recom- mended, according to the capacity they display, for employment in other first-class gardens either at home, in India, or in the Colonies. '■ y. D. Hooker, Director. " J. Smith, Curalor." Naine_^ ^_^_ Age _ Names of employers in whose gardens applicant has worked, and length of time in each : — Science and Art Classes (if any) attended by applicant, stating subjects studied, and certificates obtained by him : — Employer's signature _ Place Date Novelties in Continental Vegetables. — We take the following notes from the Garten Zcitung. — Lettuces — Cabbage kinds : — Pelletier, an excellent one, ranging from large to very large, firm, tender, and of a pretty golden colour, the leaves finely toothed and fringed, resembling Endive. Does not readily run to seed. Golden Trout, a large kind, and very firm, also stands hot weather well. The outer leaves are golden-yellow, spotted and flecked over with reddish-brown. The flavour is tender and fine, and as an ornament to the table it is one of the best varieties of Lettuce. A Chicory, strong growing kind, with crimson leaves, which in blanching become of a lively carmine colour, is one of the most hand- some of the Chicories, and very decorative for the table. Much to be recommended. Onions ; — White Giant Garganus, a new Italian variety of extraordinary dimensions. It is early ; in form flatfish, and with a fine mild flavour, much to be recommended for exhi- bitions. Pale Red Etna, also an Italian introduction, for which, with the other kind, we have to thank M. Damman & Co., Naples. Silver-white Etna is like No. 2, an excellent kind, that in quantity and firm- ness exceeds it. The Bultettino delta Societa Toscana di Orliciiltura notes a Pea, Bliss's Abundance, intro- duced from America by M. Godefroy-Lebeuf, hor- ticulturist, Argenteuil, very dwarf, and a great bearer. The Royal Botanical Gardens, Man- chester.— Mr. Bruce Findlay writes :— ".'Vbout four years ago we found that the old range of glass-houses which had been standing for fifty years was worn out, and its removal became imperative, con- sequently it was taken down and a new range was built, not so imposing as the old one, but far better adapted for cultural purposes. Two years later it was found that the exhibition-house was not safe ; this also had to be demolished, and the present fine house was built. These improvements have been effected at a cost of ^^6000, This amount has been raised partly by the creation of hfe members, partly by the successful Whitsuntide exhi- bitions, and partly by donations from friends of the Society. When the present magnificent exhibition- house was finished many gentlemen who had plants which had grown too large for their houses, and who had also a desire to embellish the building, presented some fine specimens of various kinds. These, with some of the old plants saved from the old houses in the garden, numbering together 200 fine plants, are at the present time in the exhibition-house, and form a magnificent spectacle. Now, inasmuch as the whole of these plants will have to be removed to make room for the great annu.al display at Whitsuntide, and inasmuch as we have no house to protect them, are they to perish? This must be the case to a certain extent unless a suitable home be provided. Our only sources of income are derived from annual subscriptions, life membership, and receipts from exhibitions. The exhibitions of horticul- tural produce, which for so many years have taken place here, have been among the most attractive events in Lancashire ; liberal awards have produced keen com- petition, and gardeners know that to be the gainer of a prize at Manchester is to stand at the head of their class. It is very generally admitted that the Manchester Botanical Society has been for many years doing im- portant public work. At the annual meeting of the Society two years ago the President of the Institution said : — ' In merely a utilitarian and material point of view, he had no doubt it had a great deal more than repaid any expenditure which it had caused, but far above and beyond that he was quite certain that in a place like Manchester, and a county such as Lancashire, it furnished a civilising and humanising agency with which they could not afford to dispense;' and it is earnestly hoped that the sum of ,^2000 will be raised by an extension of membership and donations from ladies and gentlemen who have the means to assist so worthy an object." Royal Meteorological Society. — At the ordinary meeting of the Society, to be held at 25, Great George Street, Westminster, on Wednes- day, the i8th inst., at 7 p.m., the following papers will be read : — " How to Detect the Anomalies in the Annual Range of Temperature ; " by Dr. C. II. D. Buys Ballot, Hon. Mem. R. Met. Soc. "Cloud Observing ; " by D. Wilson Barker, F.R.Met.Soc. " A Suggestion for the Improvement of Solar Radia- tion Thermometers ; " by William F. Stanley, F.R.Met. Soc, F.G.S. The United Horticultural Benefit and Provident Society.— The annual meeting of this Society took place in the Caledonian Hotel on Monday evening last, Mr. Richard Dean, one of the honorary members, presiding, and there was a numerous attendance of members, some of them hav- ing come twenty and thirty miles in order to take part in the proceedings. The balance-sheet, read by the Secretary, Mr. J. McElroy, showed the position of the Society to be highly satisfactory. The amount received in members' subscriptions during the past year amounted to just over £2^6, the payments from the sick fund amounted to £22, 2s. 6d., which was the largest amount that had ever been paid in any previous year. During the past year the sum of ^301 lys. 6d. had been invested in Consols, and the Society has now the sum of ,^3000 so invested. There are three distinct funds, viz,, the benefit fund, the benevolent fund, and the management fund ; a cer- tain amount of the members' subscriptions is paid to each. The management fund is very small, and in this respect the Society is most economically woiked, and it is the practice for the members at the annual general meeting to present to the Secretary, as a honorarium, though a very inadequate one, the balance remaining over from the fund, which this year amounted to only ,^3 iSj. 7..'. This is the only payment made to the Stcrelaiy for his services, and these are truly a labour of love, for Mr. McElroy is not even a member of the S-iciely and cannot derive any benefit from it, having parsed the allotted age v;hen appointed to the office of S.-cre- tary in 1872. The number of members is now i6j, exclusive of three life and ten honorary members, the latter subscribing one guinea per annum. There has b;en a steady increase of members during the past two years, forty-seven having joined in 1SS3, and thirty-five in 1884. The treasurer reported that duri■^g his last three years of ofiice the sum of /■700 had been invested in Consols, and were the assets of the Society realised they would average nearly £ig for each member. The Society has now been in exist- ence nearly twenty years, and it is a matter for regret the advantages it offers to young gardeners ate not so widely known, as they deserve to be. The address of the Secretary is The Gardens, Moray Lodge, Campden Hill, Kensington, who will furnish any information. Hearty votes of thanks were passed to the Treasurer, Secretary, Trustees, Auditors, and others for their services during the past year, and it must be admitted they were well deserved. Railway Charges for the Carriage OF Fruit and Vegetables.— That what is every- body's business often becomes no one's is a trite old saying, and usually a true one. The rates charged by the railway companies in this country for the con- veyance of fruit and vegetables are so dispropor- tionately heavy compared with those of the Conti- nental lines as to occasionally cause low murmurings being heard from the home growers, the manifest injustice to whom becomes more apparent by a glance at what the companies exact from them for the carriage of their produce from any one place to another within the kingdom, as compared with the small amount the said companies get for the convey- ance over their portion of line of the same kinds of produce of foreign growth. John Bull is proverbial for the patience with which he submits to have the money extracted from his pockets by his own country- men, as well as by others ; and in such pursuits as the cultivation of garden produce, in which com- paratively few are engaged, their want of numbers, and the absence of concerted action, leave them a prey to the rapacity of any strong-backed monopoly that is in a position to put the screw on them ; they may grumble more or less loudly, but, the grumbling usually avails nothing. The railway companies have shown that they are wise in their generation ; it is a significant movement on their part now — when the times are such that they could not avoid seeing that it was likely there would be some pres- sure brought to bear on them to reduce their charges for the carriage of home produce of all kinds — to give out their intention, as some of them are doing, of raising their rates higher than they already are, hoping no doubt that, by foregoing their threatened rise as a sort of sop to those who were likely to push for a reduction, they might be able to keep matters as they are. For the farmers and fruit and vegetable growers of this country to look for any patriotic sacrifice at the hands of the representatives of a carrying monopoly would be as useless a pro- ceeding as to look for blood in a stone. But there is one thing tolerably certain, which is, that the .agricul- tural interest through the country will ere long bring a pressure to bear on the companies that they will find it difficult to resist ; and if those engaged in the cultivation of fruit and vegetables do not join in the movement, so as to make themselves heard, they will not be true to their own interests. Scottish Horticultural Association. — The eleventh ordinary meeting of the Association was held in the Society's rooms, 5, St. Andrew's Square, Edinburgh, on Tuesday evening, I'ebruary 3, Mr. John Mkthvf.n, the President, in the chair. The Secretary, Mr. Robertson Munro, Abercorn Nursery, Piershill, read a paper on " Flowers and the Lessons they Teach." After referring to the rudi- mentary culture of various plants in the lake di'fiicts of Swilzethnd — plants which have become rxlir.ct in some instances, while others were improved — he said that during the Bronze age some improve- ment was elffcted ; but it was to the Romans that the credit of anything like high culture was due, which clearly showed that ascivilis.ition and good government advanced, so also did the cultivation February 14, iSSs.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 215 of flowers, which never failed to give the greatest pleasure to those who grew Ihciu. The city of Edinburtjh of late years has made a great improve- ment in embellishing its parks and gardens with gay flowers, and the hope was expressed that while this good work would continue the city gardener would be provided with the necessary appliances, and have the additional duties imposed on him of providing every elementary rate-paid school with fresh tluwers for public instruction. Not only should our children be taught to transfer their images to paper, but their beautiful structure and adaptation should be syste- matically taught. Such early training could not fail to have an elevating tendency, so that in after years, in whatever situation or relation in life they might be placed, they would make better men and women. In the after discussion Mr. Downie, Mr. Dunn, the President, and others, enforced the sentiments expressed, and gave instances ia which the culture of a few plants brightened the cottager's dwelling. The thanks of the meeting were conveyed by the President to Mr. MUNKO for his paper. The meeting then concluded with a very hearty vote of th.anks to the President. Begonia, Gloike de Sceaux. — This, according to a figure in a recent number of the Kevifc Horticok, is a very free-flowering form with oblique smooth leaves, deep green above, claret-red beneath, and with erect panicles of rose-pink flowers, each flower about l\ inch long. It is a hybrid out of B. socotrana by B. subpeltata. EDiNiitjRGH School of Forestry.— A meeting of the committee in charge of the arrange- ments for the formation of a School of Forestry and Forest Museum, at Edinburgh, was held on the 29th ult., when there were present the Marquis of Lothian, who pre ided ; Lord Provost Sir George Harrison, Sir Alexander Christison, Bart., Dr. Cleghorn, Dr. Crou.meie Brown, Messrs. Neill Fraser, Belfrage, and Dunn, and the Secretary, Colonel Dods. After reading a consider- able amount of correspondence highly favourable to the proposed scheme a preliminary list of subscrip- tions was announced, the sums varying from £1 to ^100, which was considered a very satisfactory begin- ning. It was resolved that the subject be brought directly under the notice of the landowners in the country, and others specially interested in a School of Forestry, from whom it is anticipated a liberal support will be received by the committee in the execution of the scheme. The necessary arrange- ments are expected to be completed in the course of the next week or two, when the committee will be in a position to appeal to the general public for their favour.abIe consideration and generous aid in carrying tu" 1 he objects in view. At a meeting of the Council of the Scottish Arb0ticultur.1l Society, held in Edin- burgh on the 4th inst., it was resolved to recommend to a general meeting of the Society that a grant of ,£■50 be made towards the formation of a School of Forestry at Edinburgh. The Harpenden Horticultural So- ciety.— The seventh annual show of this Society has been fixed for Wednesday, August 26. ^■^ Anthurium Lindigi. — Judging from the success that has attended the hybridising of some mem- bers of this extensive genus, it would probably lepay the trouble in other cases to use this plant either as the seed or pollen parent, when a fresh class ot seed- lings would certainly be obtained. The whole plant is moderate in dimensions, with heart-shaped leaves and flowers in a comparatively small state. The spatl e is oblong, erect, waxy-white, or slightly shaded with pink, of great substance, and lasting for weeks in perfection. The cylindrical spadix is stout, blunt, and of a strange pinkish chocolate colour, and fragrant during the dispersion of the pollen. S- me plants of it may be seen in No. i house at Kew, It is synonymous with A. Lindenianum, under which name it is sometimes grown. Publications Receiyed. — Proceedings of a Meeting of the Committees of the Agri-Horticul- tural Society of Madras. — Peruianent Pastures (Sutton & Sons, Ke^iio^). —Refort of London Water Supply for December, 1884. Gardening Appointments. — Mr. Fred- erick Jennings, Foreman at Fridge Castle, as Gardener to James Cox, Esq., Thirlestan Hall, Cheltenham. — Mr. Thos. Crosswell, late Foreman at Hollanden, has been appointed Head Gardener to Lady Forester, Meaford, Stone. — Mr. P. Bogie, late Head Gardener at the Calel, Guernsey, as Head Gardener to F, J. Clj\ri-;e, Esq., Bracebridge Hall, near Lincoln. IIARDV AMKRICA.N PL.\NTS. Hybrid Rhododendrons and hardy Azaleas will sometimes require to be rearranged and replanted as the strong-growing varieties will overgrow those of weaker growth. Beds and borders require fresh mould. I mix one-third peat, one-third lurfy loam and leaf-mould, with sharp sand, which I find suits them admirably. Many of the grafted and choice Rhodo- dendrons put up many suckers from their stock, and which soon kill the plants if not checked ; all such should be removed, and they are easily distinguished by their leaf, it being the common ponticum on which all the good kinds are worked. In replanting, select all the tallest and the free-growing kinds for the centre of the beds and the backs of the borders, giving plenty of space between them, then plant the dwarf kinds in front of those, and mix the hardy Azaleas with them, and if judiciously selected kinds, the colours will arrange themselves nicely and have a good elfect. For the front near the margin, plant such things as hardy Heaths and Sedums of sorts, Kalmias of sorts, with Gentiana acaulis, planted quite near the edges. Many persons object to the use of Rhododendrons and Azaleas in large masses, as they flower at a season when the family is absent from home — i.e., during the London season. To obviate that I plant between the Rhododendrons, Tritoma uvaria, T. glaucescens. Anemone japonica alba, A. rosea, and Canna indica. Gladiolus of many varieties. Begonias, and Digi- talis— an arrangement that gives a most pleasing effect throughout the summer months. The spring garden has much improved since the favourable change of the weather. Many of the bulbs and early spring flowering plants are showing bloom, and if the weather should keep mild for a time the garden will soon present a gay appearance. Let cleaning operations be well attended to. If frost sets in again protect all tender plants and flowering bulbs. The most convenient way to protect flower beds is to hoop them over with sticks and cover over with mats, leaves, or any other material suitable, which should be moved as soon as the weather moderates sufficiently. All climbers on the walls should be pruned and trained. Clematis and early R.oses are frequently damaged by the spring frosts, consequently they require protecting with mats or any other light con- venient covering in frosty weather. The propagation of all the summer plants should now receive every attention, and all deficiencies made up as quickly as possible so as to enable the plants to get well-estab- lished by bedding-out time ; such things as Heliotropes, Ageratum, .Salvias, Lobelias, Pelargoniums, Dahlias, Iresice, Coleus, Alternantheras, Tropceolums, will strike easily and quickly if placed in bottom-heat. After they are stiuck they should be carefully har- dened off by degrees to prevent too sudden a check. When hardened sufficiently they can be potted off into 6o-size pots, and planted into boxes or frames where they can be protected from frost till required for bedding purposes. Pelargoniums and all the autumn struck cuttings will want potting off into 60 size pots and kept close for a week or two till they have made fresh roots. All this work should be done as soon as possible. W, Sniythe, Basing Park, Alton, in water for some hours previous to using. Each kind of soil will also need attention in its preparation, particularly in the case of that used for the choicer kinds of plants. Good peat with an abundance of fibre in it is indispensable in the cultiv.ation of the majority of stove plants. Cast aside any that is devoid of this essential quality, to be used for plants of a season, i.e., those that are thrown .away at the end of the same, or, if required, it can be used for the peat-loving plants in the open air. On the undersides of the sods of peat there is frequently a layer of varying thickness that should be carefully separated from the good ; this is generally of a darker colour and deficient in fibre, which if used for plants that require watering freely would soon be rendered unfit for healthy root- action. Sound turfy loam of good quality from an old pasture should also be secured ; that taken from low-lying districts is not so good as a rule. This should have been got together and stacked some months ago, and I have no doubt many cultivators will congratulate themselves upon possessing an excel- lent stack of loam secured in the autumn months. After such a season as the last the loam should be of excellent quality for potting purposes. By reason of the short rainfall it will have been got together in first-rate condition for keeping. When a good heap of leaves has been got together from such as the Oak and the Beech, it will be found a valuable aid in plant culture when well decomposed. It is necessary to be cautious, however, in the case of the leaves from our evergreen trees and shrubs, such as the Laurel and the Holly, for instance. Rather than use leaf soil that has been made from an indiscriminate collection of leaves, I would prefer to use peat and loam with the addition of charcoal in small pieces, if the loam is of a retentive character. If the charcoal is not at hand, some crocks broken small could be used. When the soil is considered to be somewhat poor, the use of half-inch bones or bone- meal may be recommended in the case of gross-feeding subjects, for which also some dried cow-manure, or that from an old Mushroom.-bed will be a capital addition. Silver-sand should always be used freely when it is at command, being favourable to root action by aiding to keep the soil in a porous condi- tion. The soil thus prepared should be placed where it will become warmed ; this will be all the more necessary if any of it is of a heavy nature from excess of moisture, or otherwise. If the potting-shed is not in close proximity to the plant-houses it will be well to do the repotting in the houses. The mixing of the soils can be made as the work advances, so as to suit the requirements of the particular plants, y allies Hudson, Gunnershnry House, Acton, jjlants and \\)p\ |;illuiii, STOVES, SOILS, AND POTTING OPERATIONS. It wiil be advisable to proceed with this work as soon as convenient, as at the latest all the stove plants should be overhauled by the end of ihe month. The lengthening days will soon have a perceptible influence on vegetation, particularly in the stove and intermediate houses, and all the more so, should we be favoured with a few sunny days to advance the temperature. Prior to making a start it will be necessary to collect a good quantity of crocks for drainage. These should be placed in a tub and then worked about with a broom to cleanse them. The requisite stock of flower-pots should also be washed, whilst new ones will be all the better for being soaked "pf^UITg ^NDEF( ^Q.LAgg. PINES. A I'ART of the early batch of those fruiting plants to which I adverted in my last paper upon this sub- ject have already thrown up fruit, and the rest of ihe plants unmistakably appear to have started. The earliest of these fruits will be ripe towards the end of May next, and the others in June — a most opportune time, because the supply of foreign Pine-apples will be almost over or of inferior quality ; under any cir- cumstances they will not be at all comparable to the English-grown Queen Pine, which for use from the middle of May until the end of September is unsur- passable in point of quality. Give these plants every attention, and as to watering especially : use this in a tepid state, and add a little stimulant in the way of guano. Keep the tempera- tures steady at about So° at the roots, and at 70" to 75° at night and So^ by day air temperature. Give air at So% and close up the place whenever sun-heat prevails at 90^ Well moisten the house and syringe the plants overhead when they need it, which can be ascertained by the moisture resting in the axils of the leaves. When the fruit is flowering it should not be syringed, as sometimes it leads to mischief. The next batch of successional plants to which reference was made in my last paper should now be brought into the place where they are to remain until the fruit is cut. It may not be amiss here to call attention to the fact that much damage may arise from the want of proper care in moving such plants as these, and I, as far as possible, avoid having to do it by having my fruiting plantsin those places where the necessary 2l6 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 14, 1885. amount of heat required for the beds is supplied by means of hot-water pipes beneath. These plants will require similar treatment to the former in all respects, excepting in fire-heat for the house, which should be 5" less. The house in which the young stock of plants are placed should still be kept at a temperature of from 55° to 65" during sunny days ; these plants should be freely ventilated, as growth in these is not wanted until after they have been re- potted. Suitable occasions — as wet days — will afford opportunities to prepare crocks, pots, &c., in readi- ness for use. Soil may likewise be got ready : this is best done by hand ; only the fibrous part should be used, and this should be in good sized pieces and not too much decayed. A compost comprising good fibrous loam, a little sharp sand, and a few half-inch bones, will be found suitable for these plants. C. T, Miles. FORCfNG DEPARTMENT. Asparagus. — In a few gardens pigeon-holed brick beds have been constructed, and permanently planted with roots for forcing. This is accomplished by pro- viding intervening spaces between the beds for the reception of heating material. The beds are covered by light span-roofed glass structures that can be taken on and off at will. Although this system entails con- siderable labour, beds thus formed are very useful for starting into growth about this time of year to succeed produce forced from lifted roots. When abundance of litter from stables is not at command, it would be useless making such beds, for, of course, they could not be heated by hot water : beds constructed and planted on the above system, and without hot water can now safely be started. Remove the now decayed material which was placed between the beds to force on growth last year, and replace at once with well mixed stuff that will generate a good brisk heat, then place on the glass coverings. If the beds have been well watered throughout the past drysummer, well mulched, and plenty of roots were found penetrating the pigeon-holees, and feeding on the rotten material between the beds, many fine heads may reasonably be expected. Of course, the roots must be cut oflE, In Hot-water Frames. French Beans. — As the season advances ply the syringe freely among the plants, which are often assigned positions close to hot-water pipes, which is favourable to the development or red-spider. Some- what exhausted plants in frames will derive much benefit from a good top-dressing of good short manure with a little soot added. Surface-dressings should be placed between the plants {after pricking up the soil) about the time they require a watering, with which stimulating properties will be carried down to the roots and evaporation will also be arrested. Potatos. — The tubers will now be developing rapidly on the first early lot, either planted out or in pots or boxes. A nice watering should be given occasionally at 65". When watering in frames use a rose on the pot, or some soil may get washed down from the mouldings and expose the young tubers. In Frames Without Hot Water. Turnips, — A spare frame may be usefully devoted to the above. Early Milan is a good early variety, and one which will produce useful bulbs when grown thickly in a limited space for development. If labour and material are not plentiful, these will succeed without a slight hotbed, but better with it. Carrots, — Keep the frame close until the young plants are well above-ground. Carrot seed requires moist ground in which to germinate freely, therefore give a watering if the surface of the bed is somewhat dry. French Beans. — A frame with hotbed should now be planted ; if the frame is constructed of bricks no outside lining will be necessary. The soil should be light, I foot deep. Potatos, — Providing the soil at planting time was fairly moist, no water will yet be required in these frames. The bed and atmosphere bemg some- what dry will materially assist in keeping out frost, and a sturdy growth will be made. Place plenty of covering over the mats (where the growths are above-ground) at night. G. H. Richards, Somerley Gardens^ Ringu'ood, Hants |lti{ |ati(lg |iiuJt |arili{n. NAILING AND TRAINING. The low temperature which generally prevailed throughout last month has kept all kinds of fruit trees back, so that the buds are still dormant ; but should mild weather continue during the present month the sap will begin to rise rapidly, so that pruning and nailing of wall trees should be pushed forward with all possible expedition. First finish Apricots and Peaches, then Apples, Pears, and Plums, In nailing use as few nails as possible ; the shreds should be of different widths ; for small shoots very narrow shreds should be used — broad ones look unsightly, and harbour insects during the summer. Many of the small shoots on wall trees may be tied with raffia- grass, which will last one season, and has a neat appearance on the trees, when used in a workman-like manner. Protecting the Trees. Protection should be got ready in case of sharp weather taking place, but I prefer not covering up will grow early and rapidly, and will produce fruit in the autumn. Orchard Trees should be carefully looked over, and when crowded, thinned out moderately. Any strong shoots that are taking the lead, and so robbing other parts of the tree, should be shortened back, and in some cases removed entirely. Any trees that have become shaken by high winds should be staked anew and placed up- right, by digging out a portion of soil on the opposite side of the ball, so as to place the tree upright without destroying many of the roots. Small weak shoots near the ground are best removed, for they seldom bear any fruit. J. Smithy Menttnore^ Bucks. Iloiliata' fl0BJ^r». THE HOLLYHOCK. As soon as cuttings can be obtained they may be carefully taken off with a portion of the old stem Fig. 41.— ULLUcus tuberosa, (see p. 217.) until there is every appearance of frosty weather. There are so many different plans recommended and adopted for protecting the blossom of fruit trees, but we all have the same object in view — namely, trying to secure a crop of fruit. I will merely name a few which I have adopted with more or less success, according to the season. Tiffany is a good material for protection, also thick nettings of various makes. Poles placed against the wall, and hay-bands placed on these, have been found to answer well. Dry Fern placed lightly amongst the branches, straw placed among the shoots in the same manner where dry Fern cannot be procured. Where the wall coping is defective, place boards a foot wide above the trees and remove when all danger of frost is over. These are all inexpensive means of protecting the blossoms, and when applied with care and judgment will in most seasons answer moderately well. The most perfect means is by having tiffany or other thick material placed on rollers, so that it can be rolled up during the day ; but all cannot command such expensive means of protecting their trees, hence the above suggestions. Small Fruit. Raspberries, — Should a very late supply be desired, cut down the shoots in a row or two to within an inch or so of the ground. By this means the shoots attached to their base. Each cutting should be firmly potted in a small pot, using for the purpose fine sandy soil. They will form roots under the same conditions as described for the perpetual-flowering Carnations, only note this — the Carnations may be watered as soon as they are inserted in the pots, but the Hollyhock cuttings should not be watered for at least a week ; the object of the cultivator is to be careful not to cause the Hollyhock cuttings to damp off ; they are certainly very liable to do so if water is too freely applied to them. The Dahlia. There is nothing like the difficulty attending the propagation of the Dahlia that there is with the Hollyhock. Our whole collection has been stored in a dry place with some cocoa-nut fibre refuse over the roots. In a week or ten days they will be taken out, and planted closely together In boxes, In any fine refuse from the polling bench. They will soon start into growth, and when the shoots are 2 inches long they can be taken off ; they will root readily In an ordinary hotbed. The Ranunculus. There are few people who do not admire a bed of choice Ranunculi when in full bloom, but there «r« very few gardens now where they are to be seen. February 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 217 Tubers can be purchased from any of the large seeds- men at a cheap rate. We grow both the French and Scotch strains. Some persons prefer the French ; the flowers are larger and more brilliant in colour ; the plants are also more vigorous. The Scotch type ! Why Scotch ? I cannot answer, as most of the best varieties were raised years ago by Mr. Tyso and his son. They have been, and are now, cultivated near Manchester. I had a collection which were termed by the dealer Scotch Ranunculi, but all the varieties, fifty in number, had foreign names, mostly Dutch. At any rate, this small-flowered type is most valued by the trained florists. The dainty little flowers, perfectly formed, are poised on slender stems from 4 to 6 inches high, while the rich and varied colours have a charming efi'ect. The ground ought to be well prepared for them. They like a rich deep loam, and if it is heavy mix some fine sandy peat into the six inches nearest the surface. I tried peat a few years ago, and found they grew and flowered well in it. Mr. Simonite, of Sheffield, also told me that the finest bed he ever saw was planted in peat soil. The crowns of the tubers should be about an inch below the surface. J. Douglas, POTATO IMPROVEMENTS. Mr. Laxton has been making some experiments on hybridising dift'erent Solanums with a view to procuring a substitute for the Potato. He has tried to mingle the blood of the English woody Nightshade with that of the edible Potato. As one of his subjects for operation he used an early Potato, the Hammer- smith Kidney, and in order to get a good supply of blossoms all tubers were removed as they formed. The result was very satisfactory, the more so as twenty-five years ago the experiment with the Ashleaf Kidney had been a failure. Mr. Laxton commenced operations on June 12 by using the pollen of the earliest Potato he then had flowering on S. Dulcamara ; between then and July i he made sixteen attempts, three of which were suc- cessful. He has also obtained one ripe berry con- taining two seeds by crossing S. Dulcamara with S. Commersoni. Between June 18 and July i attempts were made to fertilise thirty-four blossoms of various Potatos with S. Dulcamara, and again obtained three berries containing seed. Nothing was obtained from an attempt to fertilise S. Dulcamara with S, Maglia. Nine attempts weremade to cross S. Commersoni with various Potatos, but were a failure. Out of forty-two attempts to cross S, Maglia with various Potatos the result was nil ; but out of three attempts to cross the Hammersmith Kidney Potato with S. Maglia, one berry having twenty seeds was obtained. Altogether Mr. Laxton has only been able to procure eight satisfactory results out of 107 attempts at intercrossing, as the subjoined table shows : — Attempts at ' fertilisation. 1 Berries obtaiDcd. S. Dulcamara with various Potatos „ ,, ,, S. Commersoni Potatos, various, with S. Dulca- mara S. Commersoai, with various Potatos Potato Hammersmith Kidney, with S. Maglia S. Maglia, with various Potatos .. S. Maglia, with S. Dulcamara 3 I 42 0 X ° 107 8 fournal of HorticuHiire. THE MELLOCO. Ullucus tuberosa.— Early last year two tubers of this plant were received at Kew from Caracas, and from them a batch of young plants was obtained and planted out-of-doors in a prepared bed in June. The result of this experiment, together with a few par- ticulars as to the esculent properties of the tubers, may be worth recording, as I believe several gardeners, amongs them being the Messrs. Sutton, have obtained tubers of the Ullucus from Kew with a view to giving it a trial. The two Caracas tubers mentioned above were as large as hen's eggs, rather longer, and some- what flattened ; the skin was red, as in some Potatos. These, when placed in heat, rapidly developed shoots, which were removed as soon as they were strong enough to form cuttings ; in this way about a hundred sturdy young plants were obtained and made ready for planting out-of-doors in June. They were planted in a light, sandy, well manured soil in a position exposed to full sunshine. Here they grew quickly, forming by the middle of August tufts of shoots and leaves i foot across. They were earthed up as for Potatos, and the strongest shoots were pegged down and partly covered with soil, though the latter proved unnecessary. At this time there were no tubers nor any signs of them. On again examin- ing the plants in September (about the middle) we were surprised to find no tubers had yet been formed. The plants were now very strong, and it was there- fore concluded that instead of forming tubers the strength of the plants had " run to leaves." We gave them up, no further notice being taken of them till the frost came, when on perceiving that a frost of four or five degrees did not injure the foliage, we again examined the plants and found an abundant crop of tubers just below the surface of the soil, and varying in size from that of Peas to pigeon's eggs. The plants were left till the haulms had been destroyed by cold, after which the tubers were gathered. On cooking some of the larger ones by boiling for half an hour we found them still rather hard, and with a flavour of Potatos, almost concealed under a strong earthy taste, quite disagreeable and soap-like. Consider- ing how short a time these tubers had had to grow in it is not improbable that their hardness and disagree- able taste were owing to their being unripe: no doubt young green Potatos (these Ullucus tubers were partly green) would be quite as nauseous as these were. We are told that the Ullucus is extensively culti- vated in Peru and Bolivia, in the elevated regions "^ Fig. 42. — MELLOCO TUBERS. where the common Potato also thrives, and with which the Ullucus is equally popular as a tuber-yield- ing plant. In the Gardeners' Chronicle ioi 1848, p. 862, Mr. T- B. Pentland stated that the Ullucus "is planted in July or August, the seed employed being generally the smaller tubers unfit for food, and is gathered in during the last week of April. These two periods of the year are the spring and autumn in the southern hemisphere. The mode of cultivation is in drills, into which the root is dropped, with a little manure. The climate, even during the summer sea- son, is severe, scarcely a night passing over without the streams being frozen ov^r, the sky being in general cloudless at all periods of the year except during the rainy season (December to March). Mean tempera- ture about 49°." This information seems to support the view formed of this plant from its behaviour at Kew last year, namely, that the tubers are formed on the approach of cold weather, and that so long as the weather is warm and bright leaves only are developed. Plants grown in houses where the temperature has not been allowed to fall below 50° in winter did not form any tubers, although they were in good health. We found no tubers on the plants grown out-of-doors till some lime after the return of cold wet weather. It seems likely that this plant does not develope tubers unless its existence is threatened by cold ; at all events, such a conclusion seems reasonable from the above statements. Possibly a wet and rather cold autumn would be favourable to this plant and the production of its tubers — such a season, for instance, as would.be most unfavourable for the common Potato. It would be worth while testing the Ullucus for low and cold situations where the Potato would not thrive. There is not much probability of the former ever proving a substitute for, or even a rival to the Potato, at least in this country ; but there is room for another good esculent, and the Ullucus is prolific enough, hardy enough, and, we suppose, when properly grown, palatable enough to be worthy a trial. In the Gar- deners' Chronicle for 1848, p. 828, will be found a most interesting detailed account of experiments made with this plant in France by M. Louis Vilmorin. IV. IVa/son, Krtv. j-i0|VlE ^0RRE3P0JNDEJ^CE. Plants and the Recent Severe Weather. — There can be little doubt that the hardiness of plants is greatly influenced by their conditions as to growth or comparative dormancy, as well as to the attendant conditions and severity of the weather. Owing to the mildness of autumn and winter, up till lately vegetation of many kinds was in a more or less active state, consequently it was but ill-prepared to with- stand the sudden lowering of the temperature. The thermometer in the neighbourhood of London ranged from 2° or 3° to 10° of frost, attended with dense fog on some days, when the temperature was by no means the lowest. This additional evil, with the alternate freezing and thawing which it implies, cannot but be prejudicial to vegetation in proportion as it saturates the foliage. Most of the undermentioned greenhouse or half-hardy plants, although enjoying the protection of a south wall, are now more or less severely injured. Abutilon vexillarium, in full growth, flowered up till lately, but now shares the fate of Calceolaria fuchsise- folia and Physalis edulis — all from some part of South America. The freely growing tips of Clianthus puni- ceus are somewhat blackened where they project from the wall, but the Australian Hardenbergia mono- pbylla has been severely crippled, contrasting greatly with Sollya heterophylla, from the same country, and altogether uninjured. Cercocarpus parviflorus, a Rosewort from California, also retains its healthy green appearance. Buddleia crispa, a half-hardy shrub from the Western Himalayas, has lost its leaves both on a wall and in the open shrubbery. Escallonia montevidensis and Coprosma Cunninghami on a wall are partly denuded ; while the scathing effects of the frost is also shown on the shoots of Benthamia fragifera and Myrtus mucronata, having no such pro- tection, y. F, The Name Veronica. — I have been much in- terested in your correspondent, Mr. C. Wolley Dod's letter on this subject, and think it very probable that he is correct as to the real origin of the name of Veronica. It has always been up to the present time ft very doubtful question whether the word Veronica, though applied to the Speedwell, did not come from "Betonica," the name of the Wood Betony ; whilst others, Pliny amongst them, say that Betonica is only an alteration from Vetonica. It seems that the Vetones, a people who lived at the base of the Pyre- nees, were the first to bring the Wood Betony into notice. Helen Watney, Gas-Lime for Old Gardens. — Until I saw Mr. Corbett's remarks last week concerning gas-lime I had overlooked what Mr. Divers had to say about its use in the way I recommended it. Let me assure Mr. Divers that in advising the application of this, or anything else for garden use, I always first satisfy myself of its being safe for the purpose named. From a long residence in the manufacturing districts, where the article in question is plentiful, and where its properties are well understood, I was in a position to prove its merits. I have had an old garden to deal with, where the whole Cabbage family clubbed to such an extent that half the crops used to fail until I used it exactly in the way I described, alter which, by a thin dressing, put on in the manner named once every two or three years, clubbing was unknown, as well as reducing slugs and other vermin to within manageable numbers. A dressing laid on in the way I mentioned, and allowed to remain the time stated before digging in, will not do the least harm to any crop that may be put in the ground. Mr. Corbett says he wonders if I practise what I advise, in using the lime to kill weeds in the manner I mentioned. I have frequently done so, and oftener seen others use it for the like purpose. Last spring I saw it thus applied to an extent that I had not previously seen, in the quiet old-fashioned town of Richmond, in Yorkshire, where, as known to those who are acquainted with it, some of the wide outlying streets are paved with cobble-stones, and have not enough traffic on them to keep the grass from growing. These were spread 2l8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [f'EBRUARY 14, iSJbJ. over with the lime, and no one seemed to be incon- venienced by its presence ; and there is no mistake about its answering the purpose. Mr. Corbett admits that he has not tried the lime for weeds, neither will he, fearing the smell. I venture to suggest that it is safer to satisfy oneself by actual practice, with this or anything else, than to condemn its use on supposi- tion. T. B. The Growth of Carrot and Onion Seeds.— A recommendation is being sent forth from the whole- sale seed houses advising that, as the growth of last year's crops of Carrot and Onion seeds is not so strong as expected, it is desirable that they should be sown thicker. It is due to the wholesale seed trade that ic should be stated that the utmost care is taken to test the growth of all garden and other seeds as soon as they are received from the growers. In all the large warehouses there is a testing room, properly arranged and heated, and well adapted for the purpose. A certain percentage of the seeds is carefully counted out and sown, and, should any prove tardy in germi- nation or thin, another sowing is immediately made as a further test. Outsiders unacquainted with the internal economy of a seed warehouse have little idea of the labour bestowed on securing accurate tests, and the care with which it is done. It is more than pro- bable that other seeds besides those named above will show a lack of germinating power. The summer of 1SS4 was indeed what has been very appropriately termed "a rushing season," meaning thereby that owing to the heat and drought things matured with unusual and undue rapidity, and it might be said of some seeds that their juices appeared to be almost dried up in the process. Undoubtedly many seeds are small and thin as compared with a season in which they can be brought to a less hurried maturity. Gardeners of all kinds should not there- fore be in too great a hurry to sow. The later in the season seeds of weak vital power are sown, the greater are the chances of a satisfactory crop. There is one thing favourable to the germination of the seeds in the season just commencing — the soil is unusually dry and workable ; and heavy soils can be pulverised and rendered more manageable than when wet and tenacious. Given, then, a balmy spring-time, and the work of sowing should be done in comfort and with expedition, under conditions favourable to the fullest germination oi the seeds. To this end, all ground intended to be sown should be thoroughly well worked previously, so that advantage can be taken of a favourable time for placing the seeds in the ground. The spring-time is a period of the year when there is a great pressure of work in the kitchen garden, and it is not to be wondered at that gardeners are desirous of expediting the work, and getting in their crops early. Much depends, as a matter of course, upon the nature of the soil and its present condition. In early warm soils sowing can he performed earlier than in soils that are cold and tenacious. There is no doubt that the body of the earth, owing to its unusual dryness at this season, is much warmer than is custo- mary at this season of the year. A warm spring rain will bring into active play the latent heat, and assist the growth of seeds not so strong as could be desired. R. D. Inarching Vines. — • There is no question but that good results will follow the practical treatment (described at p. 152) Mr. Ward has given his Vines, and that an advantage of considerable worth may be gained by "patching" young canes that break irregularly is manifest. It was a good thought of Mr. Ward's to inarch the lateral growths to the rods, inasmuch as by so doing the neatest work possible can be made, but it is doubtful if any other advan- tage will thereby be derived. In this respect alone Mr. Ward's mode of "stopping gaps" differs from that I saw practised when I was an apprentice at Crimon- mogate, in Aberdeenshire, and which we have carried into effect here in a limited degree upon Vines which broke imperfectly in our Lady Downe's house. Instead of inarching, we merely tied the laterals to the rods, and it is almost superfluous to say the growths emaHaling from these prnluced fruit in quality similar to those springing immediately from the main rods. A like method of treating old Vines that have been kept closely spurred for years, and have consequently become weak and unfruitful, is of comparative importance ; for example a case of our own experience may be mentioned. Trevious to uprooting all our Vines in order to exterminate the Phylloxera, one of the houses contained, with other varieties, an old Buckland .Sweetwater which yielded unsatisfactory crops during the first two seasons we had its mm.Tgement. Ey laying in young shoots of about 3 feet or 4 feet in length up the entire rod, however, and cutting out useless spurs, this Vine was caused to produce the largest and best bunches of the kind I ever saw. The roots, which were entirely outside, were found, when the Vine was destroyed, to be exempt from Phylloxera, although those belong- ing to young Vines occupying a part of the same house, having their roots inside, were infested with it. Much is doubtless sacrificed for appearance sake, and want of digression from a beaten track, and probably there are in existence many old, almost barren Vines, taking up valuable space, which want only an infusion of young sap to make them fruitful. This is ihe argument in favour of extension. Jhos. Coomlicr. Protection of Plants. — Although last winter and this up to the present have been exceedingly mild, it is a great chance if we get off much longer without aevere frost, and if it does come, most plants after such a time will feel it severely. The best protection that can be given to such things as Pampas-grass, Tritomas, and other half-hardy subjects, is fresh- fallen leaves, which lie light and loose, and are non- conductors, as they keep frost out, by keeping warmth in, and it must be severe weather indeed if the ground is made hard under them, even though only a thin layer be used. The difficulty with them is to keep them where they are wauted, but this may be done by pushing them around the stems and in among the leaves of the plants, and directly after this is effected a layer of Bracken will hold them snug and close. Roses in beds, where they are close together, are very easily dealt with, as loose straw or Bracken scattered amongst them will prevent all harm being done, but standards are best preserved by pieces of hayband being twisted round the part where they are worked, and besides this the ground should be mulched, as it is surprising what a help that is. For Belladona Lilies, Alstriimerias, and other herbaceous subjects partly decayed leaves are suitable, and these may, with great advantage, be spread over the entire bed or border and left there till spring, when they should be pricked in. Isolated plants may be protected by using the same kind of material, and to keep the birds from pulling it about it is a good plan to stick a few pieces of Holly or Whin around them, which are very deterrent. Leaf- soil is also capital for young Cauliflowers that are standing in beds, or pric'ned out under walls, or planted in handlights, and if the ground under them is covered with about an inch or so of it, sifted fine, the plants will stand a great deal of frost. The handiest material tor the protection of Celery is clean straw, which should be in readiness, as when the leaves of the Celery get frozen they soon rot together with the stalks. Fruit trees of all descriptions that have been transplanted need mulching as a protec- tion to the roots, which, under it, then get no check in their formation or progress, but soon take fresh hold of the soil. For Vine borders, where the Vines are to be forced, a covering of dry leaves with straw over them is best, and when these come off in the spring a layer of half rotten dung should succeed them. J. S. Fungus in Imported Japanese Lilies.— It is singular there should be any doubt about the cause of the fungus found on imported bulbs of Lilium auratum, which is simply occasioned by damage to the succulent roots in packing, and by removing them from the ground in an immature state. If English- grown bulbs were subjected to the same treatment, the same fungus and the same effects would probably be produced. There is no remedy when the disease has extended to the centre of the bulbs, but when it is only partial it may be counteracted by judicious treat- ment. An enormous number of newly-imported bulbs are doubtless lost for want of this. The prin- cipal cause of failure is perhaps occasioned by an excess of moisture at first. The best plan is, as soon as the bulbs are received, to plant them singly in pots according to their size, in a mixture of loam, heath- mould and friable manure from an old hotbed, a trifle below the surface. The pots should then be placed in a cold frame, and covered with cocoa-nut fibre to the depth of about 3 inches, and no water given until the flower-shoots appear, when they may be considered safe, and water given in moderation, and continued more bounliluUy according to the weather and state of growth. IV. II. Rogers, Sonthaiiipton. Pruning Dendrobiums. — I have no wish lo revive the old controversy about pruning Dendro- biums, but a few days ago I saw at Wortley Hall a plant of D. Wardianurn, which Mr. Simpson, the gardener, assured me had leen pruned soon aft'.r flowering for four ye.ais in succession. The growths made by this plant last year were quite as good as are usually met with, and better than I have frequently seen on what may be termed well grown plants of this Dendrobium. The flower buds were well ad- vanced from each node for more than half way down to the bulbs. The plant has commenced to break again freely, and at present shows no inclination to weakness during the coming year. Mr. Simpson pointed out several other plants which had been treated in the same manner, and in each case of t>. Wardianum the result was the same. One plant of D. formosum, which was cut down when first im- ported, had made a few growths, but not of such a character as would induce any one to follow the plan with that species. W. Baxter. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL: Feb. 10. This, the second meeting of the year, was held in the conservatory at the Society's garden. South Kensington, when an interesting number of objects was shown, including even, although it is still winter, a few beautiful Orchids in flower. Scientific Committee, Present : Sir J. D. Hooker, in the chair ; and Messrs. Grote, Beddome, A. S. Michael, Pascoe, Smee, Murray, Ridley, Masters, Llewellyn, LoJer, and Wilson. SCLEROTIOIDS IN POTATOS, The following communication was received from Professor Trail, who had used various re-agents in testing the nature of these bodies, as suggested by Professor Foster at the last meeting : — " Since I wrote in the month of January in regard to the result of my experiments on the sclerolioids in the leaves of diseased Potatos, using for these experiments material given me by Mr, A. Stephen Wilson, I have continued and extended my observation^. I have made use of several additional tests, and have found the results yielded by them confirm the conclusion that the bodies in question are masses of protoplasm coated with a deposit of oxalate of lime. As the subject is of nmch practical interest in its bearing on the propagation of disease in the Potato plants I subjoin a description of the results of the tests employed by me in addition to those previously mentioned. The former tests were also repeated, and gave quite the same results as they had done previously, " In every case, except where specified, the bodies were teased from among the tissues in whieli they lay imbedded, so as to allow of certainty that the same body remained under observation during the whole course of operations to which it was subjticted ; nitric acid was then added in sufficient amount to dissolve the oxalate of lime, and the excess of acid was carefully w.ashed away before any other reagent was added. In every case where the body was so isolated, and where care was taken to prevent its escape from the field of the microscope, there remained a nearly transp.arent finely granular body, as described in my former communica- tion. Nor was it difficult after the situation ot the body had been carefully noted with relation to the surround- ing objects to detect it again after the slide had been moved and the body was again brought into the field of vision ; but where such care had not been taken it w.as frequently very diffictiU to rediscover it, and it is easy to understand how one might suppose that nothing remained after the action of nitric acid. " The residuum, as 1 shall call what remains after the removal of the oxalate, retains nearly the si/c and form of the entire sclerotioid ; btit no true cell-wall can be delected even with the most carcfill examination, i.e., no cell-wall separable from the rest of the mass. Yet, as the mass retains its form in water and iu other fluids, and resumes its form after moderate pressure has been made on the cover glass, the outer surface, like a pri- mordial utricle, must serve as a wall. " The residmmi is faintly yellowish, and on running in dilute solution of ammonia this colour becomes slightly deepened ; dilute ammonia did not dissolve the mass. '■ Dilute pot.issic hydrate did not markedly .alter the appearance ol entire sclerotioids, but it dissolved the residuum more or less. " Acetic acid, osmic acid, and chromic acid all ren- dered the residuum in some degree more visible, diminishing its transparency. Osmic acid changed the colour slightly ; and chromic acid rendered it yellower. ' ' On running in a solution of iodine and pot.assic iodide the residuum became pale brown or yellowish-brown, Pebsuary 14, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. •Zl<) being rendered very much more easily detected, though not so dark as the contents of the Potiito leaf cells, " Solutions of snftraiiine and of aniline bUie stained the residuum, though less dark than tlie cell contents of the leaf tissues. " Picrocarraine had little effect on cither the residuum or the leaf cells, but it is not of ge;ieral use in vegetable histology. Janus IK. //. Traiii." Mr. G. Murray, having independently examined these bodies, reported as follows : — " I have to report to the committee that in compliance with its relerence to me on the subject, I have renewed my enquiry into the nature of the bodies which Mr. Stephen Wilson calls ' scleroliets ' of tlie Potato disease. It will be remembered that the result of my previous examination of these bodies was the discovery that they consist of oxalate of lime, and my opinion was (and, it may be said, still is) that they are intrinsic products of the Potato plant. Since that was announced Mr. Wil- son has again addressed the committee on the subject. He accepts the oxalate of lime, but states that in addi- tion to it there is present a substance which lie asserts is protoplasm ; and this he regards as establishing again his views as to the connection of the bodies in ques- tion with Phytophthora infestans. Professor Traill has also sent you a report in which he states that, after dissolnng the oxalate of lime, a substance is left which may be stained with magenta. He also judges this to be protoplasm. "Mr. Worthington Smith, working independently, has made the same observation, and has furnished figiues illustrating this aspect of the objects. His contention is, that we have here a central mass of protoplasm encrusted with oxalate of lime. In this view I shull join with him Mr. Wilson, and also Pro- fessor Traill, who has ' no doubt that the sclerotioids are masses of protoplasm coated wltth calcium oxalate, probably in the form of minute raphides.' " But for this unanimous statement that the substance in question was contained in the oxalate of lime, the appearance might have been explained without further investigation. However, I proceeded to carefully repeat these experiments with the bodies strictly isolated from the tissues, and giving a clear, definite oulhne, precisely as described by the above observers. After treatment with dilute nitric acid there was no difficulty in finding the substance referred to, and none in re- peating the staining process, but I failed entirely and absolutely to find the smallest evidence that this substance was contained in the body. The statement that it is so contained is the merest assertion. Obviously if it were the case it would suit Mr. Wilson's theory. If the protoplasm were outside it is equally obvious it would bear out my interpretation. I can prove that it is so. In order to demonstrate the presence of this substance, it is not necessary to remove the oxalate of lime with nitric acid. The observer has only to isolate as well as he can one of these bodies, and apply iodine, for example, to obtain the desired stain. This will appear as a deUcate colouring, and not with the intensity that would result were the whole mass to take up the stain. This shows (and I have repeated the test over and over again) that the stained substance is outside the oxalate of hme, and the natural interpreta- tion is, that it is but the remains of the original cell con- tents of the Potato leaf-cell in which the oxalate of lime body was formed — adhering to it over the surface. A deal of trouble might, therefore, have been saved, but for the assertion that the oxalate of Ume contained a central mass of protoplasm. '* In addition to this part of the enquiry, 1 have looked into the matter from another point of view, and evidence has been obtained which, I venture to think, will prove to be of interest. A week or two ago Mr. Carruthers placed in ray hands a letter from Dean Buckland (dated July 19, 1847) to Robert Brown, enclosing leaves, &c., of a Potato plant, and asking, * Is the enclosed the same affection of the Potato leaves as that of the two last years?" — meaning the Potato disease. I examined the leaves, and found no sign of Potato disease, but, abundantly present, Mr. Wilson's sclerotioids. Thus we see that Mr. Wilson was anticipated even in his mistake. '■ Mr. Carruthers then suggested to me that I should examine Potato plants preserved in Sir Hans Sloane's herbarium. We found four plants which had evidently been healthy and vigorous when collected. From each I removed a very minute fragment for examination. The first one was from the King's garden at Montpellier, collected by Dr. Charleton (Charleton was born 1619. and died 1707). It contains Mr. Wilson's ' sclero- tioids'as abundantly as Mr. Wilson's own specimens. The next was a plant collected by Boerhaave (Boerhaave was born 1668, and died 1738), and it also proved as fertile in the matter of ' slerotioids.' The next was one of Plultenel's plants (Plukenet was born in 1642, and died 1706?) : it contains them too, but the fragment selected shows only a few. Finally a fragment was tak^'n from a plant " collected about 1660," as labelled in Sir Hans Sloane's handwTiting ; and it, hke the last named, contained these bodies whicli Mr. Wilson wishes to con- nect with the Potato disease. The four fragments of antiquity could all be placed under an ordinary cover- glass — they were selected from the plants at random, and none of them disappointed me. Unfortunately, I cannot remove the slides from the Museum, but the specimens have been examined by Mr. Carruthers, Mr. Bower, Mr. Ridley, Mr. Geddes, and Dr. Masters. Mr. Carruthers and Mr. Bower have also kindly witnessed the tests described above, and I need not add I shall be happy to exhibit the whole matter to Mr. Wilson, or to any one whom he may appoint. George Murray," Buds on Orchid Roots. Major Lendy exhibited a plant of PhalD^nopsis bearing small buds on the aeiial roots ; a very un- usual phenomenon, though not unknown. They, however, are too minute to be of use ns a practical source of prnpagation. The plant was figured in the Gan/i'nui^ IVorhl, vol. !,, p. 364. PiNus Massoniana. Sir J. D. Hooker exhibited a branch bearing a large cluster of cones. He remarked that they were usually borne singly on the young trees, but the normal character appeared to be in clusters when they grew older, as figured by the Japanese. MASDE\ ALLIA LEUNTOGIOSSA. This Orchid was exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence, and the committee awarded it a Botanical Certificate. Decay of Cedrus Deodara. Mr. Murray reported upon the mycelial growth found under the bark of the trees which had died, and which were exhibited at the last meeting. He found it to be in all probability a species of Polyporus, and which was parasitic upon the cambium layers. It was his opinion that the fungus was quite competent to cause the destruction of the trees. Narcissus pachybulbos. Mr. Loder exhibited a truss of this Algierian plant, of which we hope shortly to give a figure. The flowers are white and fragrant. Chinese Wax. Mr. MacLachlan exhibited specimens of Fraxinus chinensis and Ligustrum lucidum (?) attacked by Coccus Pela {Gardeners' Chronicle, 1853, p. 533). Fig. 43. — CHINESE WAX IKSECT. He remarked that it appeared to be an ag- glomeration of male insects, and not a secretion from the female scale, as is usual. The wax was an important commercial product, and Sir J. D. Hooker observed that our information on this subject was derived through the great facili- ties offered by the Foreign Office in inquiring into the sources of various native productions of foreign countries. Mr. MacLachlan observed that there was another source of a similar wax from a female coccus from South India. MoRiMODES Diseased. Mr. Smee exhibited specimens of leaves apparently attacked by some insect. They were referred to Mr, Michael for examination and report. Castor-Oil Fruits. He also exhibited some fruits and seeds which had ripened in the open air. The latter were rather small, but apparently quite sound. Roots of Rhododendron Diseased. Hon. and Rev. Mr, Boscawen sent some roots, which appeared to have decayed through wet ; no fungoid growths could be detected in it. Floral Committee. Present : G. F. Wilson, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. M. T. Masters, J. Llewellyn, H. Turner, W. Bealby. J. Walker, A. Perry, H. Herbert, G. Henelon, J. James, C. Noble, J. Fraser, J. Hudson, H. M. Pollett. H. Ballantine. J. Dominy, H. Canneli, G. Duffield, J. O'Brien, E. Hill, J. Douglas, W. B. Kellock, H. Williams, T. Baines, H. Bennett, J. Laing, J. Child, and T. B. Kinghorne. From Sir T. Lawrence's g.irden came a small plant of Dendrobium heterocarpum [album with a splendid spike of its charming white tlowers, Cattleya Mas- sangeana, a richly-coloured species with striped segments, and Lcelia anccps Ililli, a magnificent plant, growing on a raft. It would measure 2 feet and 3 feet superficies, the spikes of white blooms being both strong and abundant, the faint lilac lip adding much to the attractiveness of the flower. Acineta chrysantha, also from the same treasure-house of Orchids, was showing one spike of its massive orange flowers, spotted with minute red dots. The singular position of the bloom, as in Stanhopea, and its rare colour and unwonted form, made it very attractive. An immense flower of Anthurium Ferrierense, with a spathe 8 inclics in length, came from Sir T. Lawrence's gardener. Tliis was in no way a monstrosity, but a \vell developed bloom. Mr. Ballantine, gr. to Baron Schroder, The Dell, Egham, showed Odontoglossum Cliestertoni, with the beautiful brown-spotted lemon- coloured flowers, and the very pretty cream-coloured free-flowering Co:logyne flaccida. The plant was not large, but it was completely hung round with the droop- ing flower-spikes. From W. Lee, Esq. (Mr. Woolford, gr, ), Downside, Leatherhead, came the handsome Odontoglossum Hrubyanum {cirrosum album), with flowers of tlie purest while on long robust spikes, the plant carrying about twenty open flowers. Saccoiabium belinum, having flowers small, with narrow oblong green segments, spotted with brown ; the basal part of the lip is a pure white cup, the front portion convex, white, and covered with a fringe of white hairs. Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed a reddish-crim- son greenhouse Rhododendron militare, the flower being borne on a flattish corymb. From the same nurseries came the well known Linum trigynum, shown as a mass in a large pan, to indicate its value as a decorative plant in the winter months ; likewise a large plant of Nepen- thes cincta, well furnished with its large brownish- crimson pitchers. This variety is said to have been raised from seeds accidentally imported with those of N. Northiana {Gardeners' Chronicle, May 3, 1884, fig. no). This firm staged a bright group of Cyclamen persicum of great variety of colour and general ex- cellence, for which a Bronze Banksian Medal was awarded. A. H. Smee, Esq. (gr. , G. W. Cummins), The Grange, Wallington, showed a healthy small speci- men of Odontoglossum membranaceum, which it was stated had been grown for three months in. 1884 in the open air. Mr. B. S. Williams, The Nurseries, Upper Holloway, showed a specimen of Odontoglossum hys- trix magnifica, carrying a spike of flowers, the segments of which are rich chocolate-colour with yellow tips. Mr. W. BuU, The Nurseries, King's Road, Chelsea, had a group of considerable size, consisting mainly of Orchids and Palms, among the former being a Dendrobium Wardianum album, a good white form of Wardianum, with a yellow labellum and throat, with two purple blotches at the side. Several forms of Cattleya Trianas, as tyrianthina, Imperali, pir.ta, and Empress have varying degrees of dissimilarity in colour, size of bloom, &c. Odontoglossum Pescatorei aurantiaca, with sepals and petals of a pure white, the crest a bright orange, the former being faintly suffused with rose colour, was a variety to admire, as is also O. Pescatorei raelanoleuca, with a brown crest, tipped with gold. There was in this collection a good form of U. Halli leucoglossum, exceedingly dark in its tints. The finest plant was undoubtedly Vriesia janeiriense varie- gata, a bold-habited Bromeliaceous plant, well foliaged from top to bottom. The leaves were in tufts, dark green, 3 inches wide, and bearing a broad central band in the young ones, and several in the older leaves of a creamy- white. Oreodoxa plumosa, a graceful pinnate-leaved Palm, with narrow recurved segments, was a noticeable species, as was also Deckenia lurfuracea, a handsome spiny-stemmed Palm, with pinnate leaves and wedge- shaped segments, irregularly notched at the edges. Mr. Heims, gr. to F. A. Philtbrick, Esq., Oldfield, Bickley, showed the New Granadan Odontoglossum blandum, a small plant of this fine species, the yellowish-white flowers sprinkled with crimson, like O. nKvium as to the lip, but rather broader than in that species. O. CErstedti came from the same gardens. Mr. Simcox, gr. to G. N. Wyatt, Esq., Lake House, Cheltenham, showed a large piece of Odontoglossum ramosissimum, a strag- gling long-spiked variety of no particular beauty, and Cattleya chocoensis, with five blooms. Mr. James, Farnham Royal, showed a box of wonderfully large and symmetrical blooms of Cinerarias. Mr. Baylor Hartland, 24, Patrick Street, Cork, showed the much sought for Narcissus Rip Van Winkle, a dwarf yellow double variety; and N. General Gordon, a hybrid double, N. Ajaxx N. Incomparabihs. Messrs. H. Can- neli & Sons, Swanley Nurseries, Kent, showed a well grown group of Primula sinensis, Swanley Blue, a fair hlac in colour, but not blue, it is, however, the nearest approach to a blue that we have, and moreover, the plants had been well done. Th'-y showed besides, a col- lection of Cyclamen of good quality, and another, of the old double white Primula, receiving a Bronze Banksian Medal. Messrs. T.Todman &Son, Upper Tooting, "showed seedhng Azalea indica. Mr. Clarke, Nurseries, Twicken- ham, had a fine group of very varied Cyclamen persicum, the bright and deep colours of great richness being pre- eminent, as were likewise those with pure whiteflowers for size and substance. Monarch, white with a rosy eye, and Sunset, a deep pink, with a scarlet eye, were considered the best of the named kinds. He was awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for the collection. Mr. H. B. Smith, St. George's Nursery, Hanwell, had also a collection of Cyclamens, in which were many flowers of great sub- stance and beautiful tints, as C, persicum, Rose Perfec- 220 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. (February 14, 1885, tion, a fine robust kind, and C. giganteum album, an equally good flower ; showing also C. Mont Blanc and C. H. B. Smith in good form, two kinds certificated in lormer years. A Silver Banksian Medal was awarded for the collection. A Bronze Banksian Medal was awarded to Mr. J. Wiggins, gr. to W. Clay, Esq., King- ston-on-Thames, for a collection of Cyclamen {160 plants), in which the flowers of a pure white took the lead, the best of the named kinds being C. giganteum, Ingoroar, a pale flesh, with purple eye ; C. persicum, Uawn of Day, rose, with a similar eye ; and C. p. Ariel, a white, with rose eye. Mr. M. Crowe, of The Nursery, Upton, Essex, showed Begonia semperflorens gigantea rosea, a useful winter variety. Mr. J. Potts, gr. to R. Phillips, Esq,, Wel- combe, Stratford-on-Avon, showed seedlings of double Primulas ; and Mr, King, Rousham, Aylesbury, some handsome Chinese Primulas, the best being The King, a symmetrically formed crimson of good substance. First-class Certificates. To W. Lee, Esq., for Odontoglossum Hrubyanum and Saccolabiura belinum. To Mr. W. Bull, for Vriesia janeirense. To Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, for Nepenthes cincta and Rhododendron militare. To Sir Trevor Lawrence, for Acineta chrysantha, Den- drobium heterocarpum album, Cattleya Massangeana, and Laelia anceps Hilli. To Mr. B. S. Williams, for Odontoglossum hystrix magnifica. To Mr. J. King, for Primula The King. To Mr. H. B. Smith, for Cyclamen giga ;teura album. To Messrs. Cannell & Sons, for Primula White Perfection. Votes of Thanks. To Mr. N. Wyatt, for Odontoglossum ramosis- simum. To Mr. Heims, for Odontoglossum blandum. To Messrs. Todman & Son, for seedling Azalea indica. To Sir Trevor Lawrence, for Anthtirium Ferrierense. To Baron Schroder, for Odontoglossum Chestertoni. To Messrs. Veitch & Sons, for Linum trigynum. To Mr. G. W. Cummins, for Odontoglossum mem- branaceum. To Mr. Jaraes, for Cineraria blooms. Fruit Committee. Present: F, D. Godman, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. J. Lee. A. Sutton, H. J. Veitch, J, Wood- bridge, G. T. Miles, W. Paul, A. Howcroft, C. Ross, G. Goldsmith, J. Willard, Harrison Weir, F. Rivers, F, Rutland, G. Paul. W, Denning, G. Bunyard, and R. D. Blackmore. Early Cabbages were shown by Mr. Gilbert, gr.. Burgh- ley, Stamford, the sorts being his Selected Imperial and EUam's Dwarf. Mr, Inglis, gr. to Earl Grey, Howick, Northumberland, ^showed four varieties of early kinds, all of them being superior to the Burghley varieties, the best being the Reading All Heart, and the next Cooke's Early, these two having really firm hearts— the Early Rainham and Heartwell Marrow standing in that Older as regards merit. Mr. Bibby, nurseryman, Col- chester, showed some solid sticks of white Celery named Bibby's Defiance. In fruit, Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., and Messrs. H. Lane & Sons, came out strongly, each putting up fifty dishes of Apples, consisting of the lead- ing kinds ; many early kinds appearing, that ordinarily are long since over-ripe. Messrs. Bunyard showed a new Pear, Duchess de Bordeaux, a sort resembling the Eyewood somewhat in form and markings, Messrs. Rivers & Son. Sawbridgeworth, exhibited a collection of fifteen varieties of the Orange, of home growth, two of Lemons, a Lime, and a Shaddock. These fruits were handsome to look on, and not wanting in juiciness, but they had no flavour. Only one, named O. Sustane, was considered to be worthy of notice. Mr. J. Day, gr,, C^oway House, Garliestown, N.B., showed the Gallo- way Pippin, which will keep in usuable condition from November to May. First-class Certificates. To Messrs. Rivers & Son, for Orange Sustane. To Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., for Pear Duchess de Bordeaux. Vote of Thanks. To Mr. D. Inglis, for an assortment of Cabbages. STATE OP THE WEATHER AT BLACKHBATH, LONDON, For the Week Ending Wednesday, February ii, i88g. Australian Timber. — Of the lo.ooo forest trees which probably represent the timber-producing capabilities of the globe 7000 or 8000 would Sourish in New South Wales. Already there is an export trade in cut and sawn timber of considerable value. The export in 1881 was valued at ^23,816, in 1882 at ;{;42,040, and in 1883 at.if67,i50. It was well observed by the jurors on wood at the Victoria Exhibition of 1872 that the disfavour which attaches to Australian timber is in a large measure owing to the fact that the timber is so frequently felled at improper seasons, whilst the sap-vessels are full ; and it is a matter for regret that this is never consi- dered by the Government in calling for tenders, the completion of the work being often stipulated for at a time which leaves the contractor no alternative but to fell his timber after the sap has risen. Another cause of the disfavour is owing to the fact that due care is not exercised in sending the best sorts, besides which there is a general want of care in withdrawing faulty pieces from shipment, P. L. Simmonds, in •' Journal of the Society of Arts." a Temperature of THE Air. Hygrome- trical De- ductions from Glaisher's Tables 6th Edition Q [OJC " Feb 5 6 In. I In. 39.32 I— 054 39.56 — 0 30 39.51 —0.34 3947 —0.30 39 52 —0.35 398s -Ho.07 39.83 -fo.04 Mean 29.57 — 0.30 (031.017 o 4B.53S0U3.5 51.0 40.0,11.0 51.040 o II. 0 50.o'36.0 14.0 o'33 5'4 5 S4-S.42-S|'3.o!49.0 50.136.9:13.243.6 -1-05 35 3 85 ■y 3 2|40.3i 9o{ + 6.843.9 90 -(- 6.844.0 94] I I -t- 3.037 ij 85 J S.W : W.S.W. In. 0.02 0.03 o.ot -I- 3.3 -t-10.0 -f 45 38.3I 89 44-6' 85 S.SW. 0.15 N.W.: W.N W 0.02 W.SW.lo.oo 40.4I 88 5. — Fine day, sun shining occasionally. Fine and clear at 5 P.M. 6. — Fine, dull day and night. 7. — Fine bright day and night, 8. — Dull day throughout ; rather windy at night. 9. — Fine bright morning ; dull afternoon ; fine evening. 10.— Dull morning ; very fine afternoon ; fine night. II. — Fine day and night, clear and cloudy alternately. London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week ending February 7, the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea increased from 29.07 inches at the beginning of the week to 29.31 inches by 5 P.M. on the ist, decreased to 29.05 inches by i p.m. on the 2d, increased to 29.41 inches by 9 a.m., decreased to 29.31 inches by 5 p.m. on the 4th, increased to 29.37 inches by 9 a.m. on the 5th, de- creased to 29.34 inches by I P.M. on the same day, increased to 29.82 inches by 9 A.M. on the 6th, decreased to 29.64 inches by 9 a.m. on the T^a, and was 29.74 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading of the barometer for the week was 29.43 inches, being 0.25 inch lower than last week, and 0.51 inch below the average of the week. TetJiperatiire. — The highest temperature in the shade in the week was 53°, on the 2d ; the highest on the Ist was 46°. 3. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 49^.3. The lowest temperature was 31°, on Sth ; on the 7th the lowest temperature was 40°. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 36°. 5. The greatest range of temperature in^ one day was 17°, on the 2d and 5th ; the smallest was 6°.8, on the 1st. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 12°. 8. The mean temperatures were — on the ist, 42°. 7 ; on the 2d, 45°.9 ; on the 3d, 44° ; on the 4th, 40°.9 ; on the Sth, 39°.$ ; on the 6th, 42°.3J on the 7lh, 45°.9 ; and these were all above their averages by 4°.I, 7°.2, 5°.2, 2°, o°.S, 3°. 2, and 6°. 8 respectively. The mean temperature of the week was 43°, being l°.i higher than last week, and 4°. i above the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 93°. S, on the 7th. The mean of the seven read- ings was 83*.7. The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer with its bulb placed on grass was 23°. 5, on the 5th. The mean of the seven readings was 29°.2. j?am.— Rain fell on every day in the week, to the amount of 0.59 inch, of which 0.2S inch fell on the 4lh. England ; Temperature. — During the week end- ing February 7, the highest temperatures were 56°.!, at Cambridge, 53°. 6 at Nottingham and Bradford ; the highest at Sunderland was 49°, at liulton 49°. i, at Wolverhampton and Newcastle 50°. The general mean was 5I°.8. The lowest temperatures were 28°.8, at Bolton, 29°. I at Wolverhampton, 30° at Cambridge and Sunderland; the lowest at Plymouth, 33°. 5, at Brighton and Liverpool 33°. 4. The general mean was 3I°.4. The greatest ranges were 26°. i, at Cambridge, 2?°. 6 at Bradford, 22° at Blackbeath and Hull; the smallest ranges were 16°. 8, at Brighton, 17°. 4 at Liverpool, 18° at Newcastle. The general mean was 2o''.4. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Truro, 50°. 9, at Plymouth 49°. 9, at Cambridge 49°. 6 ; and was lowest at Bolton, 44°. 3, at Newcastle 45°, at Sunderland 45°. I. The general mean was 47". 4. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was highest at Plymouth, 41°, at Truro 39°. 3, at Bristol 39°. I ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 33°. I, at Bolton and Hull 34°. I. The general mean was 36°. 5. The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge, 15*. I, at Blackheath and Wolverhampton 12". 8 ; and was least at Plymouth, 8^.9, at Bristol 9°.2, at Liverpool 9*.5. The-general mean was I0°.9. The mean temperature was highest at Plymouth, 45',2, at Truro 44^7, at Bristol 43'. 4 ; and was lowest at Bolton, 38°.9, at Wolverhampton 39°. 2, at Sunderland 39*.6. The general mean was 41''. 6. Rain, — The largest falls were 2.1 1 inches at Truro, 1,51 inch at Bolton, 1.26 inch at Plymouth ; the smallest falls were 0.12 inch at Sunderland, 0.14 inch at Newcastle, 0.46 inch at Cambridge. The general mean fall was 0.85 inch. Scotland : Temperature.— V>\\\\xi% the week end- ing February 7, the highest temperature was 50°, at Glasgow; at Dundee the highest was 44°. 2. The general mean was 47°. 4. The lowest temperature in the week was 30". 2, at Perth ; at Edinburgh, Greenock, and Paisley, 34". The general mean was 32*. 7. The mean temperature was highest at Leith, 40". 7 ; and lowest at Dundee, 38". The general mean was 39°.7. Rain, — The largest fall was 2.05 inches, at Greenock, and 0.31 inch, at Aberdeen, The general mean was 0.86 inch. JAMES GLAISHER. F.R.S. Answers to Correspondents. *^^.* Notice^ — Owing to want of space this week, many communications are unavoidably held over. Address : Chev. d. M., Botanic Garden, Hamburgh. Address of Introducer of Japan Plum ; A Con- stant Reader. The address you inquire for is Messrs. Hammon<&Co. , Oakland, Michigan, U.S.A. Apply also to Mr. W. Bull, King's Road, Chelsea. Faradaya papuana : W. M. It is a tropical Austrahan climbing shrub, the treatment of which might accord with that given to the warm-house Ipomaeas. Gros Colmar : Barr ^ Son. A bunch of from 4 lb. to 3 lb , well finished, is considered a very "fine " bunch. Hyacinth Spike Rotting : W. &f S. The malady is common, but the reason is unknown, and there is no remedy that we know of. Insect in Leaves of Marguerites : [G. R. Gude. The Celery leaf miner (Tephriiis onopordinJs). Care- fully pick off all affected leaves and burn them ; do not throw them away, as the maggots go into the soil and change into the pupae state, and so are reproduced. Mossy Tennis-court : R. G. D. The best remedy for you to adopt will be to thoroughly drain the court, and give it a good top-dressing of sifted wood-ashes and good soil. This generally succeeds in eradicating the moss. Mushrooms for the Market : Fungus. Mush- rooms Jor tlic Million, by J. Wright, pubhshed at 171, Fleet Street, E.C. {Journal of Horticulture Office). Name-s of Plants : J. Forsyth Johnson. Schinus MoUe.— /*. A^. 5. Ccelogyne flaccida.— /i". D. Peri- strophe speciosa, Nees. — \V. M. Exccecaria bicolor ; a tropical plant.—--?. Goulding. Garrya eliptica. Odontoglossum crispum : J. Earl. A pale variety ot no great merit. Rose or Jericho: J. C. The plant you allude to is Anastacica hierochuntina. We believe the phenome- non is purely physical, though it has not yet been explained why this plant, Selaginella involvens, and a few others, should have greater absorbent properties than others. Doubtless there is some structural or mole- cular reason, but it has not been proved. Of course, the appearance is quite independent of vitality. .Status of Under Gardeners. ApPKP:NricEs, and Garden Lahoukkrs : W. R. G. Garden labourers are not under-gardeners. Apprentices, improvers, and under-gardeners all come under the Act, and have to be paid for, *,* All communications intended for publication should be addressed to the "Editor." and not to the Publisher, or to any member of the staif personally. The Editor Fkeruaky 14, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 221 would also be obliged by such communications being written on one side only of the paper and sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editor to see. Intelligent Readers, please Note. — Letters re- lating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and not to the Editor. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Samuel Shepperson, Helper— Florists' Flowers. &c. ]OHN A. Bruce & Co., Hamilton. Canada— Seed Cata- logue. Wm. Rennie, Toronto, Ontario, Canada— Seed Cata- logue. Liverpool HorticulturalCompany (John Cowan), Limited — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. W. Thompson, Ipswich — Descriptive List of Flower Seeds. T. Ware. Hale Farm, Tottenham — Select Hardy Per- ennials and Hardy Florists' Flowers, Greenhouse Seeds, Grasses, &c. R. & J. Farquhar & Co., Boston. Mass., U.S.A.— Seed Catalogue. James Morgan. Paisley — General Catalogue. G. & W. Yates. Manchester — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. W. P. Laird & Sinclair, Dundee — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. VoOte & Richard, Zeist, Holland — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Communications Received ; — F. D. — C. P.— G- McK — Ed. PynaerL— ,H. H. R. — M. Godefroy.— C V. Riley. Washington.— J. R. J.— H. A.— W. R.— A. F. B.— A. R.— W. W.— R. T. C.-M. D — B. S. W.-H. B. R,— W. H. b- — G. H..— T. C— \V. Gosliog (oext weeW).— R. G. — C. W.S. — W. H.— Skinner S: Board.— N. F. Fuller.— W. E.— W. Culverwell.-W. I. M.— J. F.— T. O'B.— J. R. J. DIED, on the sth inst., at Denham Road Nursery. U.\bridge, the residence of his son-in-law, Andrew Dick, aged seventy-six, after many years of patient suffering. Deeply regretted by his family and Iriends. arktts* COVENT GARDEN, February 12. The subjoined reports are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal sales- men, who revise ihe list weekly, and are responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations are averagas for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices fluctuate, not only froni day to day, but often several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating the price at any particular date, still less can they be taken as guides to the price in the coming week. Ed.] Market very quiet ; supplies falling off. Prices re- main the same. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, Fruit.— AvERAGB Wholbsalk Prices. X. d, s.d.\ s. d. s. d. Apples, }^-sieve .. 16-40 Lemons, per case ,.12 0-18 o — Nova Scotia and Pine-apples, £ng.,ib. 10-20 Canadian, barrel 12 0-21 o ; — St. Michael, each 26-80 Cobs, per 100 lb. . . 53 0-55 o Pears, French, doz. 30-90 Grapes, per lb. . . 30-00. Vegbtablbs.— Average Retail Prices. . d. s. d. Artichokes, Globe, per do2. . . ..49-60 A*-parat;u^. English, per liundle .. 3 6-10 o — French, bundle 15 0-20 o Beans, £ug., per los 30-.. Beet, per doz, .. 10- .. Cabbages, per doz... 16-20 Cajrots, per bun. ..06-.. CauliHowers, Eng- lish^ doien.. .. 20-40 Celenac, per root . . 04- . . Celery, per bundle., i 6- a 6 Cucumbers, each . . 10-26 Endive, Eng., dozen 10-.. Garlic, per lb. .. 06- .. Herbs, per bunch ., 02-04 Horse Radish, bun. 30-40 s. d. s. d. Lettuces, Cab., doz. 16-.. Mint, green, bunch. . 16-.. Mushrooms, p. baskt. i o- a o Onions, per bushel.. 40-.. — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Parsley, per bunch-, o 4- .. Peas, per lb, ..10-., Potatos. new, per lb. 09-.. Radishes, per doz. .. 10-.. Rhubarb, bundle .. o 6- .. Salsify, per bund. .. 10-.. Seakale. per punnet 20-26 Small salading. per punnet ..04-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-.. Tomatos, per lb. ,.20-26 Turnips, bun. „ 05- . . Potatos. — Magnum Bonunis, 40*. to 70s. ; Regents, 70J. to 90J. ; Champions. 45J. to 60s. per ton. Markets have a down- ward tendency. Plants in Pots -Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. Aralta. Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o Arbor-vitse (golden), per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o — (common), dozen 6 0-12 o AiuTi Lilies, dozen 9 0-15 o Aialeas, per dozen.. iS 0-42 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o Cinerarias, per doz. . 9 0-12 o Cyclamens, per doz. 9 0-24 o Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o Dracxoa termlnaUs. per doien . . . . 30 0-60 o — vindis. per doz..i2 0-24 o Epiphyllum, doz. ..18 0-24 o Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o Kuonymus, various, per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o EvergrecDS, in var., per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o Ferns, in vanety, per dozen .. ..4 o-x8 0 Ficus elastica, each i Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ..2 Genista, 12 pots ..12 Heaths, in variety, 12 pots ,. . . 12 Hyacmths, per doz. 6 Lily -of- the- Valley, 12 pots ., ..15 Marguerite Daisy, per dozen . . ..8 Myrtles, per dor. .. 6 Narcissus, 12 pots . . 12 Palms in variety, each .. ..2 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen .. 4 Primula sinensis, per dozen ., ..4 Solanums, dozen . . 9 Tulips, dozen pots . . 8 J. t. a. 6-7 0 O-TO 0 0-18 0 0-30 0 0- 9 0 0-24 0 o-k; 0 0-12 o 0-18 0 6-21 0 0- 6 0 0- 6 0 0-1 a 0 O-IO 0 Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. d. s. d. 1. d. s. d. 0-40 Mignonette, 12 bun. 60-90 0-60 Narcissus, P."iper- while, 12 sprays.. 20-26 — French, 13 bun. 30-60 0-40 Pelargoniums, per 12 0-30 sprays .. ..10-20 16 — scarlet, 12 sprays 10-16 3- o 9 Poinsellia, 13 blooms 30-90 4-06 Primula, double, bun. 10-16 0-60 — sinensis, 12 bun. 40-60 Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60 0-60 — French, per doz. 10-30 Tropzolum, 12 bun. 20-40 Tuberoses, per doz.. 20-40 Tulips, 13 blooms .. 10-16 0-16 Violets, 12 bun. .. 10-16 — French, bunch.. 13-16 0-30 — Parme, French, per bunch . . ..30-50 Wallflower, 12 bun.. 4 o- b o White jasmine, buo. 06-10 Abutilon, 13 bunches 2 Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 3 Azalea, 13 sprays .. o Bouvardias, per bun. i Camellias, per doz .. 3 Carnations, 13 blms. i Cinerarias, per bun. i Cyclamen. 13 blooms o Epiphyllum, 12 blms. o Eucharis. per doz. .. 4 Euphorbia jacquini- flora. 12 sprays .. 3 Gardenias, 12 blms.. 18 Heliotrooes, 12 sp. .. o Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays .. .. x Lapageria, white, la blooms . . . . 3 — rod, la blooms . . ..I Lily-of-Val.,i2Sprays i Marguerites, 13 bun. 6 0-20 o- a o 0-90 SEEDS. London : Peb, ii. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., report that no new feature of interest or importance in connection with the trade for farm seeds was exhibited on the market to-day. Speak- ing generally, values remain without alteration ; the demand for all varieties, for the time of year, continues small. There is a ready sale for spring Tares at the late advance ; good parcels of winter Vetches also quickly find buyers. Blue boiling Peas and Haricot Beans are, for the present, neglected. Canary and Hemp seed sell slowly on former terms ; there is. however, rather a better feeling for the former. Feeding Linseed keeps firm. CORN. At Mark Lane on Monday English Wheat sold slowly at the rates of Monday week ; foreign also remained without quotable change, but there was hardly sufficient doing to test quotations. The prices of flour had a drooping tendency. Barley. Beans, and Peas met only a retail demand, and remained at late rates. American mixed Maize was 6d. lower on the week at 22s. 6d., the little improvement noticed on Friday last being lost. Russian Oats were rather firmer than on last market, and ruled up to Monday last. — On Wednesday transac- tions in Wheat were upon an extremely limited scale, but sales were not pressed at any tangible decline. Flour was a weak market. No change occurred in the value of Barley. Beans, or Peas. American mixed Maize was easier. Oats were held for steady value, but were very dull of sale. — Average prices of corn for the week ending February 7 : — Wheat, 33J. gd. ; Barley, 32J. $d. ; Oats. 20J. lid. For the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 37J. 3d. ; Barley, 32s. ^d. ; Oats, igr. 6d. CATTLE. At Copenhagen Fields on Monday finer weather, lighter supplies, and rather better markets for dead meat gave help to the trade, and 2d. per 8 lb. advance was obtained on all but undesirable qualities of cattle and sheep. Quotations: — Beasts. 4^. to 5^. . and 5.1. 2d. to 6s. ^d. ; calves, 3/. Zd. to y. 8d. ; sheep, 4s. 2d. to $s., and 5^. ^d. to 5^ Bd.; pigs, 4J. to 4J. 6d. — On Thursday there was a very quiet business doing. Supplies were quite equal to the demand. Beasts changed hands quietly at late rates, and a clearance was not effected. Sheep were dull and droopmg. Calves and pigs were in demand at late prices. HAY. Tuesday's Whitechapel Market report states that trade was very quiet, at the following quotations : — Clover, prime, 85^. to i02j. 6d. ; prime second cut, 851. to lozs. 6d. ; inferior, 46^. to 731. ; hay, prime, -pSs. to gos.\ inferior, 30J. to 651. ; and straw, 22s. to 385. per load. — On Thursday there was a fair supply offered, and the trade was steady at previous prices.— Cumberland Market quotations : — Clover, best, goj. to 105^.; interior, 60s. to 841.; meadow hay. best, 8oj. to 88s. ; inferior. 60s. to 75J, ; and straw, 29J. to 34^. per load. POTATOS. The Borough Market report states that the demand was only very moderate, and supplies fully adequate. Quotations :— Scotch Regents, 90J. to loos. ; Kent, yos. to 80s.; Champions, 50;. to 6oj. ; Magnum Bonums, 60s. to 80s. ; Victorias, 70-f. to gos. per ton. — The imports into London last week consisted of 80 bags from Boulogne, and 18 from Hamburgh. COALS. The following are the prices current at market during the week :— Broomhill West Hartley. 14J. gd. ; East Wylam, 15J. 6d. ; Ravensworth West Hartley, 14J. gd. ; Walls End — Harton, 15^. ; Tyne (unscreened), 11.;. 3d. ; Helton, 17s. ; Hetton Lyons, ly. ; Lambton, 16s. 6d. ; Wear, 15J. ; Hulam, 15X. 3d. ; East riarllepool, i6s. 3d. ; South Hartlepool, 15;. 3d. Government Stock-— On Monday and Tuesday Consols closed at 99J to 99I for delivery, and 99^ to 99J for the account. Wednesday's prices were as on the pre- ceding days for delivery, and 99! to 99'f ^ for the account. Thursday's final quotations were 99^ to 99^ for delivery, and g9y^ to 991^^ for the account. SPECIAL TRADE OFFER.— Three Acres of Connover's COLOSSAL ASPARAGUS PLANTS, on Kind that must be cleared : a-yr., g,T. per loco ; 3-yr., us. per 1000 ; 4-yr., 15^. per ioo3. The very best money can buy. Cash with orders. Packing free. R. LOCKE, Redhill. Surrey. PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS. — Fine Dwarf Maiden Trees, at greatly reduced prices. Dwarf ROSES, aos. per loo. LIST on applicatiuu. WILL TAYLER, 0=born Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. A L A D I U M ARGYRITES, sound bulbs, 50J. per loo. TURNER BROS-. Nurserymen and KloiistF, Gieen H 11 Nursery, AUerton, Liverpool. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NDT FIBRE REFUSE, 4 utoii-iin. GARDEN UWtlNML-^ urcnia 55. oc brous .. ^ OST.bestL, tonly.. f"- per bush, (sacks included). REQUISITES. Two Prize Mkdals. Quality, THE BEST in the Market (All sacks included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous . . 4.J 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks for 20J. PEAT, best black fibrous .. 31. 6d. ., 5 sacks for i^s. PEAT, extra selected Orchid 55. od. LOAM, best yellow fibrous . PREPARED COMPOST.t LEAF MOULD, best c PEAT MOULD SILVER SAND, coarse, is. ^d. per bush., 1.2s. half-ton, S2i, ton RAFFIA FIBRE, best only &d. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported . . Zd. lb., 28 Ih. i8j. TOBACCO PAPER ,. (Sp^cialit^) 8(/. lb., 28 lb. lai. MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack.. 55. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected 2s. per bush., 6i. per sack. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE fby Chubb's special process), sacks, 15. each ; 10 sacks, gs. ; 15 sacks, 135. ; 20 sacks, 17^. ; 30 sacks, 25i. ; 4.0 sacks, 30^. Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 301. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in sacks only, 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order, CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E. 222 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 14, 1885. BEST AND CHEAPEST INSECTICIDE. By permission of the Hon. Board of Customs. (FREE OP DTT Y.) NICOTINE SOAP. An effectual and speedy Eradicator of Scale, Thrip, Green- fly, Mealy-buy, Red-spider, American Blight, and all Parasites affecting Plants, without injury to Foliage. The basis of this valuable preparation is NICOTINE, or the Oil of Tobacco, with which is blended other essentia! in- Credients to render it available as a general INSECTICIDE that may be used as a Wash or Dip for cut or indoor plants. A large number of Testimonials have been received from the most practical men in the country. Price, InJAKS, Is. 6d . 3s., and 5s. 6d ; In TINS, 14 lb , 15s. 6d. ; and DRUMS, 28 lb., 26s. To be obtaintd from all Seedsmen^ Florists, ^c. SOLE MANUFACTURERS, CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (LIMITED), Horticultural Siindriesmen and Manufacturers, 18. FINSBUEY STREET, EC, and SHAD THAMES. LONDON, S.E. LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE (Registered). — Soluble in water. The cheapest safest, and most effectual Insecticide extant. Harmless to flower and foliage, Instant death to Mealy Bug, Scale, Thrips, Red Spider, Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Mildew, Ants, &c. As a winter dressing unequalled. See circulars, with testimonials, from many of the leading gardeners on its behalf. Sold by most ofthe leading Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Garden Manure Manufacturers, in tins— per pint, \5. 6d. ; quart, 3S. gd.; half gallon, 51. ; gallon, qs. Directions for use with each tin. Wholesale, J. W. COOKE, Ma.ket Place. W ins ford ; and A. LAING, Kawcliffe, Selby, Yorks ; also Messrs. OSMAN AND CO., 15, Windsor Street, Bishopsgate, London : and W. FRASER, i2i, High Street, Perth. BEESON'S MANURE Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes. Bold in Tins at Is., 2s. 6d., and lOs 6d. each : also in Sealed Alr-tlglit Bags, containing 1 cwt., 13s. TAg 10s. 6d. Tins serve as a strong substantial receptacle to re/ill from tJie i cwt. bags. Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists in the Kingdom, or direct from the MANUFACTURER, W.H. Beeson, Carbrook Bone M ills, Sheffield. Testimonials from the Rev. Canon Hole, and most of the leading Gardeners, free on application. Pure Crushed Unboiled BONES, any size, for Vine Borders, &c. WHOLESALE AGENTS IN LONDON, CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (Limited). EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT.— Forty sacks, iS. ()d. per sack ; 30 ditto, is. gd. ; 20 ditto, 31. 6d. ; 10 ditto, 4i. 6d. ; sacks, 6d, each. In trucks of 14 cubic yards, ii.r. per yard. For Rhododendrons and common purposes, 14^". per ton. not less than four tons ; sample sack, -zs. 6d. LOAM, SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, &c. See Special List, also for the Trade. Ringwood, Hants. GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens. — Fresh Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, 4 bushel bags, xs. each ; 30 for 253'. — bags included. Two Ton Truck, free on Rail, 255. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, ss. per sack ; 5 for 7.2s. 6d. ; 10 for 35^. ; 20 for 60s Best Black Fibrous Peat, 4^. 6d. per sack ; 5 for zoj. ; 10 for 30^. Coarse Bedfrrd Sand, r^. 6d. per bushel ; 14s. per J^-ton; 25^. per ton. SP^CIALITE TOBACCO PAPER, 10^. per lb.; 28 lb., 21J. ; cwt., 70J-. Second quality, yd. per lb, ; 28 lb. 16s. Finest Tobacco Cloth. 8^^. per lb. ; 28 lb. for iSs. Leaf-Mould, 5^. per sack. Peat-Mould, 45. per sack. Yellow Fibrous Loam, $i. per sack. Charcoal, 3s. 6d. per bushel. Bones, Guano, Sphagnum, &c. LIST free. Special prices to the Trade for cash. W. HERBERT and CO.. Hop Exchange Warehouses, Southwark Street, S.E, (near London Bridge). 12- oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps. FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.— BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids Stove Plants. &c , £66s. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15s. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, $$. ; 5 Bags, aaj. 6d. ; 10 Bags, 45^- Bags included. Fre.sh SPHAGNUM, loj 6rf. per Bag. SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 52J. per Truck of 4 tons. WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station, Hants. INSECTICIDE (Soluble inWater) FIR TREE OIL Effectually clears all Insects and Parasites from the Roots or Foliape of Trees and Plants. Kills all Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and Blight. Clears Grapes from Mealy Buf^, &r.., and makes a good Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chcmi.sts, 1/6, 2/6, 4/6 a bottle. Per pal- Ion 12/6, or less in larger quantities. A Treatise on "I''ir Tree Oil," and its application, sent free on receipt of address. In/ (he Manufacturer, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES. MANCHESTEU. Wholesale from HooPKR & Co. ; CoimT, Sopkr, Fowr.Ki; and Co, -..'iC, E. OsMAN & Co, and from all the London Seed Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. A VINE and PLANT MANURE. The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), Limited, will in future sell their celebrated MANURE under the name of " COWAN'S VINE and PLANT MANURE," in place of "THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT MANURE." The composition will be the same, and the high quality in every way be maintained. Bags containing i cwt., iSs. ; i cwt., 9J. 6ti. ; ^ cwt., 5.f. ; i cwt., y. Circulars, with full particulars, on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYARD, GARSTON. EtTEBKA ! ! INSECTICIDE. Prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, Stockbridge, Edinburgli. Highest Awards Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh. " Clovenfords, by Galashiels, N.B., July 25, 1883. " Mr. Smith, — Dear Sir, — We have now tried your Insecti- cide on all the Insects we can find on any of our Plants, includ- ing Orchids, and .used as directed by you we find it instant destruction to them all. while it neither stains nor injures the tenderest leaf. We shall io future use no Fir-tree Oil, or other Insecticide but yours.— We are, yours truly, "WILLIAM THOMSON and SONS." WHOLESALE AGENTS:— COBRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., 18, Finsbury Street, London, E.G. By Permission of the Ho7t. Board of Customs. DUTY FREE. TOBACCO PREPARATIONS For Horticultural Use. The " LONDON " TOBACOO POWDER. — This preparation consists of best Virginian Tobacco, finely ground, and mixed with other ingredients of an essential character. Price, in Tins, i lb., is.; sib., is. 6d, ; and 5 lb., 4f, ; or in bulk, £,1 12s. per cwt. The *' LONDON " TOBACCO JUICE (Free of Duty). — Manufactured from strong American Leaf Tobacco and highly concentrated. Sold in bottles, i J., pints ; IS. gd., quarts ; 2s. 6d., half-galls.; and 4s., galls. Or in casks of lu galls, and upwards at 2S. 6d. per gall. And their highly esteemed TOBACCO-PAPER, CLOTH, and CORD for Fumigating Greenhouses. SOLE MANUFACTURERS, CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (LIMITED), iS, FINSBURY STREET, LONDON, E.G. To be obtained from all Seedsmen and Florists. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight, i to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard'house Trees ; and in lather from the caxe against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, 15., 31., and 105. (>d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, bd. and i^. from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. SILVER SAND, coarse, 6.f., Zs. and loj. per ton. Sussex and Kent PEAT and LOAM, 6j., 8j. and lor. per cubic yard. Free on rail by truckloads. In .sacks at moderate prices.— W. SHORT, Horticultural Company, Mid- hurst, Sussex, Established i86z. PURE WOOD CHARCOAL FOR VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES, ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES. AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds, Yorkshire, TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER, finest and most effective, 14 lb. for gj. ; 28 lb., iSr. ; cwt. 70^, Special quotations lor the Trade. J. DENYN, Manufacturer, 73, Rendlesham Road, Clapton, E. Important to Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Gardeners. C:i.EOKGE'S GENUINE ROLL TOLACCO '* PAPER, also TOBACCO CLOTH, acknowledged to be the best in the market, and supplied to most of the leading Nurserymen and Seedsmen in England. Trade Price very low. Samples sent on application. J. GEORGE. 10, Victoria Road, Putney, S.W. PERN BASKETS, Conservatory and Garden Wirework. SUSPENDING BASKETS, FLOWER STANDS, WIRE TBELLIS, VINE TRELLIS, PEACH TRELLIS, WALL WIRING, COVERED WAYS. GARDEN ARCHES, WIRE SUMMER HOUSES, ROSERIES, ROSE TEMPLES, ROSE FENCES, ROSE TRAINERS, ROSE SCREENS, BALLOON TRAINERS WIRE NETTING, PHEASANTRIES, AVIARIES, See Catalogue. R. H O L L I D A Y, HORTICULTURAL IRON AND WIRE WORKS, The '■ Pheasantry," Beaufort Street, CHELSEA, S.W. BUY ONLY ENGLISH THREE-QUABTEB PLATE WATCHES. BENSON'S NEW PATENT (No. 465S) " LUDGATE " WATCH, SILVER, H^ralW GOLD, £5 5s. ,/^;^,^I\^£12 12s. Is a "Special Strength" Silver English Lever, my b«st London make, with Tliree-C|liarter Plate Movemeut. Jc-n-clird throughout. Chionometer balance, iviih datnf' and diist-frocf Patent ring-band, and extended barrel, in Jifassive sterling silz'er dome cases With crystal glass A <'w^ li'inds, set Itands and opens at ba-ck. The superioity in value, accuracy, and durability of the " Ludgate " Watch over the Swiss and American Keyless and Non-Keyless Watches, made in Imitation of and SOld as English work, and the ordinary Full-plaie English Watch is enormous. The " Ludgate " Watch is compact, strong, hand- some, and durable. Being Three- Quarter Plate.it is superior in value and nppearance to any ^lo Watch sold, and, oeing compensated, it keeps perfect time ; fitted with crystal front, it combines the strength of the Hunter, and convenience of the open face. Of my best London make, it will last a lifetime, stand roiifth usage of all and every kind without damage, and, being made in three sizes, it is for the above reasons suited for Homo. Indian, and Colonial use by Gardeners, Workmen, and Gentlemen. The ^"Ludgate" Watch ts/ar superior To any Watch at the price yet made, and Will be scut free and safe at our risk To all parts of the "world for £^ 5^., Caih or F.O.O. ; or in hunting cases, £,6 ds. Price in 18-Carat gold, crystal glass aues. Twelve Guineas SPECIALLY NOTE that J. W. Benson is the only Maker of a Three-Qiiaiter Plate English Watch for ^5 is.yn Silver, or £\i xis. in Gold, and that our Patent " Ludgate " Watch cannot be had through or of any Watchmaker in the KinR- doni. Any infringement of the Patent Pights will bo proceeded againrl. A BOOk cxpI.THung the advanlages of this Watch over the Full-plate English Watches sold by all other makers, will be sent Post-free on application to J. W. BENSON, Watchmaker to Her Majesty the Queen. The Steam Factory, 62 and 64. Ludgate Hill, EC. Illustrated f.Tmplilets ot Watches from f-i to/soc, Gold and Silver Jewclleiy, Clocks (House, Chime, and Turret), and Musical Boxes, tree on application. JOHN CORliETT, Kot-water Engineer, CORPORATION ROAD, CARLISLE, Inventor and .Sole Manufacturer of the RIGMADEN WROUGHT-IRON WATERWAY FIRE- BAR BOILERS The best and most economical Boilers ever introduced. An additional healing power of fully one-third is obtained by the use of these Wrought-iron Waterway Bars. ChurcJtes, Schools, and all Horticultural Buildings Heated on the most approved principles by Hot Water. PLANS AND ESTIMATES FREE. February 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 223 .S ■« I ■a t SPBeiab Issue OF lNfEW^ESiGn;§m@f\i^DBneHaii^^^x :-'''-' -AT RE DUeCP PRISES. "JPRQW POR-MER lilSTS: -;;,;:■ ;.v SlNGLrE eYUINDE[^I^OLLEF^S,l6xl6;:20x:20 AND 24x24 DOUBLE D?;SaMeS.IZE S. LON DON,E.C. ... f^'^'' a LIVERPOOL- ['"... I5,UPPER THAMES S:- .. 30, RED CROSS ST- g^S^ V,^^I25, BUCHANAN Sr^g^^^ •§? 10 5^ QaF\I^O|\l Woi^KS,FALKIRK,N.B. S^vid @SwAN.^!^rNAGER2, GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, go, Lower Thames St., London, E.C. Under the Patronage of the Queen. JSMITH'S IMPERISHABLE • STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. The Gardener's Magazine Says ; — "We must give these ihe palm before all other plaot labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon. ifl. Made of prepared Hair and Wool, ^ / 1 perfect non-conductor of heat or / '^ cold, keeping a fixed tempera- /tO ture where it is applied. //O' " I have just laid out about 14,000 / j^^J plants, and keep the greater part / ^^ -yVV To be had 4^/ 2 yards, 'Q// 3 yards and 4 yards wide, of all Nursery- men and Florists, or from the Sole Proprietor and Maker, < / BENJAMIN EDGINGTON ^^/ 2, DUKE STREET, j^/ LONDON BRIDGE, S E. ^^/ Ask tor " Frigl Domo," and see tliat It Is stamped " Frlgl Domo,' Registered Trade Mark. under your ' Frigi Domo," and have done so for the last three years, and every one who sees my plants is astonished to see how healthy and well they are without the use of glass." — From a — GARDENER October 22, r ^_ 1856. / o RUSSIA MATS. JAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every description of RUSSIA MATS for Covciing, Tying, and Packing, at the very lowest possible prices. TOBACCO PAPER, RAFFIA, BROWN PEAT, SILVER SAND, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE (Best only), and other HORTI- CULTURAL REQUISITES. Full Descriptive Priced CATALOGUE post-free on application. 149, Commercial Street, Shoredilch, London. E. ASTON CLINTON STRAW MATS.— The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sizes :— 6 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. 9 in. at iS. ; 6 It. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in. at 2j. ^d. ; 6 ft. 6 in. by 7 ft.. 3J. id. Apply to Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton, Tring. RDSsla Mat Merchants. ARCHANGEL MATS, PETERSBURG MATS, of all qualities and sizes, RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER, &c For Wholesale Ptices apply to the largest Importers and Manufacturers— MAREN- DA2 AND FISHER, 9, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C. BLAKE'S PATENT "SIMPLEX" FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX, Also Registered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes. For Sizes and Price apply to the Sole Manufacturers — BLAKE & MACKENZIE, SCHOOL LAME. LIVERPOOL. BLAKE AND MACKENZIE'S WATERPROOF and other LABELS, for Nursery and Greenhouse purposes ; also the WILLESDEN WEATHER- PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for Shading. Pictorial Flower and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's Requisites. Address : School Lane, Liverpool. bXXc k"b uITn^Xn d s o n s^, • Ru.>siA Mat Merchant?; and Importers. ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MATS of every de- scription at wholesale prices for Packing, Covering, and Tying, from I2J. per loa. Manufacturers of SACKS and BAGS, ROPES, LINES, and TWINES, SEED BAGS all sizes, SCRIM and TI FFAN Y, for shading and covering, in all widths ; TANNED NETTING, TARRED TWINE and TARRED YARN, RAFFIA FIBRE for tying, TOBACCO PAPER and TOBACCO CLOTH. COCOA-NUr FIBRE REFUSE, and GARDEN SUNDRIES. Price List free on application. Special Quotations to large buyers. 4 and s, Wormwood Street, London. E.C. Oil Paint no Longer Necessary. HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH, for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. {Registered Trade Mark.) JOHN SHAW AND CO., 31, Oxford Street, Manchester, Manufacturers of TIFFANY and NET- TING of every Description. Circular and Prices on application. ELEVEN SILVER awarded MEDALS This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing or thinning, and is used cold. It is used m the grounds at Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most flattering testimonials have been received. Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at i.j, 6d. per gallon, at the Manufactory, or 15. Zd. per gallon carriage paid to any Station in the Kingdom. Unsolicited Testimonial. *' Pierce/leid Park, June 21, 1876. —Sirs. — I have this day forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask, to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re- spectfully. Wm. Cox." CA UTION. — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much advertised. H. & S.'s Varniehhas been an article of common use on most of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ; and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article, Every cask is Jegibly marked ■with their name and Registered Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine. Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field and Entrance Gates. &c., sent free on application to HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C; and 196, St, Vincent Street, Glasgow. TOHN MATTHEWS, The ROYAL POTTERY, tf Wkston-super-mare, Manufacturer of TERRA- COTTA Vases, fountains, Italian baskets, BORDER tiles, GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from I to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn green; ORCHID, FERN, SEED, and STRIKING PANS RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-free. Book of Designs, ij. 6d. IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS, Iron and Wire Espaliers, &c. MATERIAL for WIRING GARDEN WALLS. GALVANISED. EYES, ^d. perdoz. HOLDFASTS, with Winders, ^s. per dozen. WIRE, 2J. per lOo yards. C A TALOGUE free. Pltnse name this faptr. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, VICTORIA WORKS, "WOLVERHAMPTON, And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, E.C. Farms. Estates. Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six halfpenny aamps for postage, addressed '* Midland Counties H erald Qifn4fl^iru\\'ag\i3im," The Midland Counties Hi rata always contain large numbers of advertisements relating to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. BeliTlaK. BULLETIN d'ARBORI CULTURE, de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burvb- NiCH, F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hullb, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern mental Ghent Post-paid, los. per annum. H. J, VAN HULLE. Botamcal Gardens, Ghent, Belgium. REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review). — nth year. — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard, E. Andre', C. Baltet, F. Burvenich, F. Ci^pin, O. de Kerchove de Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt. A. M. C. Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kickx, T. Moore, C. Naudin, B. Oliveira, H. Ortgies, E. Pynaert, E. Rodigas, O. Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Vobtcm, H. J. Veitch, A. West- mael, and P. Wolkenstein. This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month, in Parts of 24 pages, Svo, with two Coloured Plates and numeroiu Engravings. Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom :— One year, 141., payable in advance. Publishing Offtce ; 134, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium. Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT, Ghent. 224 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 14, 1SS5. DEANE & CO.'S "GEM" CONSERVATORY. {Desi^f: Rfgi.tcred, Nc. 14,865.) to ft. loDg, 8 ft. wide, 10 ft. 6 Id, high. Price complete, with lantern rcx)*", staging, coloured glass in lantern and door, ventilating lights in side and lantern, gutter an 1 down pipe, and Loughborough Hot*water Apparatus, with IS feet of 4-inch pipe. £25 nett. •' GEM ' CONSERVATORY, as above, 12 feet long. 8 feet wide, £23 nett. Erected complete within 15 miles of London Bridge, or delivered carriage free to any Station in EnglaLd, with every pa t maiked for 6xing. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS, " A marvel of ecoromy." — Gardeners' Jifagazine. " A cheap and handsome conservatory." — Bazaar. " An ornamental and useful conservatory." — Garden Work. " There is nothing hke the ' Gem.' " — Ladi'ei' Pictorial. DESIGNS and ESTIMATES for CONSERVATORIES. r.REEENHGUSESand HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION FREE. THE liOTJGHBOROUGH HOT-WATER APPARATUS. Complete as shown, with 12 feet of 4-inch Hot-water Pipe, £,^ 4J. Delivered free to any Sta- tion, Discount for Cash. The simplest, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus made. It requires no brick setting, no stokehole, and DO hot-water fitter for fixing, and burns more than twelve hours without attention. Loughborough Bailers to heat up to 650 feet of 4- inch pipe, with hot-water pipes, joints, &c., always in stock. COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF AAV SIZE ON APPLICATION. CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE. DEANE & CO., Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, %Se.c."'"} LONDON BRIDGE. DAVI D LOWE & SONS, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, GILMORE PARK, EDINBURGH; and CORNBROOK, CHESTER ROAD. MANCHESTER. Plans and Estimates on application for every description of Horticultural Buildings in Wood or Iron. Garden Frames and Sashes in Stock. EICHARDSON'S IMPROVED GARDEN FRAMES ■I/A WITH ADJUSTABLE RIDGE VENTILATION. Lights can be insiantly removed or fixed open at any angle without interfering with the plants. Carriage Paid to any Station. Apply for Price List to W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders & Hot-water Engineers, DARLINGTON. W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E C. V ■S?!' W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Esl.matts for every descriplion of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge, and send competent assistants when necessary. LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK. material in various coloius. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at 121, BunhiU Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C. Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages, sent po^t-free on application. Motto."" Excellence, Art, Durability, Ecoi CROMPTON AND FAWKES, (Formerly T. H P. DENNIS & CO.,) ANCHOR WORKS, CHELMSFORD, Conservatory and Hothouse Builders in Wood or Iron, and Heating Engineers. CATALOGUES, Revised Priced LISTS, DESIGNS, and full Particulars of ORNAMENTAL CONSERVATORIES, GROWING-HOUSES, BOILERS, HEATING APPARA- TUS, &c.. Post-free, on application. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH, Horticultural Builders and Manufacturers of BoUers, VaUves, &c. Experienced men sent to any part of the Kingdom. Our men are generalLy fixing Boilers in most of the Home Counties, and can be sent at a short notice to inspect or replace Boilers. Cbeck-end Saddle Boiler. ALL KINDS OF BOILER KEPT IN STOCK. This Boiler is fixed in every county in England, giving the greatest satisfaction. Terminal-end Saddle Boiler. ALL KINDS OF BOILER KEPT IN STOCK. NETT PRICES ON APPLICATION Catalogues Post-free. All Boilers are guaranteed to heat efficiently the quantity of piping stated in the Catalogue. IMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER. PATENT. Vine Rods are now attached to the wire, or lowered to be pruned, in a few moments. The fastener is always ready, and beinE made of strong material will last several years. Many ex- perienced Vine growers have already adopted it, and expressed their entire approval of the result. Box containing 6 dozen, price 5J. Sold by R. H. and J. PEARSON , 141 and 14^. High Street. Netting Hill, W. ; and J. W. DART, St. Aubin^s, Jersey. Cucumber Frames. RH A L L I D A Y and C O. desire to '• draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which ihey always have a large stock, lesdy glazed and painted. They are made of the best mateiials. and can be put toptther and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered to any station in Epgland ;— £, s. d. z-lifiht frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) p -i,; „ ( 3 10 o 3-light frame, 12 feet by 6 feet V r?!^" frfe 15 5° 6-hght frame, 74 feet by 6 feet \ ^^^^^ "" ( 10 00 The glass is nailed and puttied ir. Lights and framing for brick pits at prop'^nionattly low prices. R. HALLIDAY andCO., Hothouse Builders and ErgiDeer5, Royal Horticultural Works, Middleion, Manchester. THOMAS GREEN & SON (Limited), Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds, And Surrey Works, Blackfriara Boad, London, S.E. Horticultural Engineers to Her Majesty the Queer, CALL SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THEIR PATENT WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR HOT-WATER BOILERS, And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS ; SADDLE BOILERS. Wiih WATERWAY BACKS, and WELDED BOILERS, which are Specially adapted for Healing Greenhouses, Conser- vatories, Churches, Chapels, Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance Halls, Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They are the neatest, c^ieapest. tnost fjfective, and durab'e of any extant. The Tubular ones are remarkable for their great heating power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire wUl burn without requiring attention. This pattern Had tbe First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal, Avjirdedto it at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibitictt^ South Kemin^tott, London, onyune 3 i88r. The Journal 0/ Horticulture of June g says : — " Heating Apparatus — A great number of boilers, valves, &c , were exhibited by ei^ht competitors, and considerable in> terest was manifested in the verdict of the judges, and much di:iCu5sion was brought to bear on the merits and shortcomtngt of the different boilers. The apparatus for which the Silver Medal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the form of a letter X* but the tubes in ogee form, in the crown of the boiler. Most gardeners who examined the boiler expressed a favourable opinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler wilh- out being complex, the latter condition having, no dotibt, had weight with the judges." The Garden of June 11 says :— " The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs. Green & Son for their new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a modification of their original patent, the boiler being longer and not so high. It is found to be a powerful and efficient boiler, and heats a targe quantity of water quickly with a small consumption of fuel." Descriptive Illustrated Price List may be had free on application. Estimates given for all kinds of Heating Apparaiu^^, and Hot- water Fittings of every variety supplied on the shortest notice. Galvanised Iron Cisterns, from ^d, to if. 6^^. per gallon. X^^ NOTICE. ^ L AT H and FRET SAWS. 160 varieties. Easy Terms op Purchaseu List containing Prices of Parts, 6d. BRITANNIA CO., COLCHESTER. Special Designs in Garden Tables. THOS. W. ROBINSON, DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOVRBRIDGE. Tba Beit and Quickest Hade. 4'in. ExpAQsion Joint Hot-water Pipes, gfeet Iod£, 4J. yt. each , 4-ija. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 fMt long, 44. 6a. each. Price LUt on afiplicatWH, E S February 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 225 R. S. DUNBAR & CO. (Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY), No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. HOT-WATER PIPES „ „ ELBOWS I) SYPHONS TEES 2-inch. VS. od. \s. 2d. IS. gd. IS. gd. 3inch IS. 4d. IS. gd. 2s. 6d. 2S. 6d. 4-inch. li-. gd. per yard. 2s. 2>d. each. 3^. 6d. each. 35. 6d. each. Boilers in great variety in stock. A Discount for Cash to the Trade. Rosher's Garden Edging Tiles. THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of gre^t dm ability. 1 he plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GAkDKNS, as they har- bour DO Slugs or In^octs, tak« up littTe room, and, once put down, incur no further liibour or expense, as do "grown** Edgings, consequently being much cheaoer. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c.. in Anificial Stone, verydurable and of superior finish, and in great variet> of design. F. KOSHEK AND CO , Manufjcturers, Upper Groui.d Sireet, Blackfiiars, S.E. ; King's Koad, Cht;lbea. S.W. • Kingsland Koad. E Agents (or LOOKER'S PATENT " ACME" FRAMES PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES' al'o for FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Coriservatoties, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &r , from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Pjaiu or more elaborate De-igns. with Prices, sent for selection WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairi-c, Lacders, Kiichen Ranees, Bath., &c. Grooved and other Stal le Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tc'cs of all kinds. Kooling Tiles in fereat variety. Slates, Cement S;c. F. RCSHER AND CO, Brick and Tile Mei chants. See Addresses above. SAND HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries Stoves, Green.houses, Peach Houses. Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the periection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work and that the very best. Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the as.sistance of any one out of our firm froin the sujalleM lo the large, i. Hot-water HeatUig Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected and success guaranteed in aU cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, «c, always in stock. Plans, Estimates and Catalogues /ree. Customers •waited on. in any part of the Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. SILVER fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ti li or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct fium Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in auy quantitie*;. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to ihe Trt.de. SPECIAL GLASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c. AH sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application. T. & W. F A R M I L O E, Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SON» 9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of ao in. by 12 iiL, 2oin. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., ao in. by 18 in., in i6-oe. and 21-0Z. : and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in 200-ft. and ^oo-fL cases. STEVEN BROS.&CO. MANUFACTURERS OF HOT-W^ATER APPARATUS No. 43. -Dome-top Boiler. Coll Case. Ko. 18. -Gold Medal Boiler, No, 28,— Terminal End BoUer. PRICES ON APPLICATION. The largest stock of Hot-water Fittings In London. 35 & 36, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C lK.>s;;rfe j..o.r-, cSfaaj-..^^?.; HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION ERECTED and HEATED. MESSENGER & CO.S GREEHH0DSE3 are constructed so as to oDtaln, wltli the least obstruction to lignt and sun, the greatest Strength and Rigidity. The best Materials and Worltmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition. Three Medals awarded t-> Meseenger & Co. by the Koyal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates free on application. Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses, Forcing Houses, d^c, recently erected by M. S- Co., for 24 stamps. MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. 226 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 14, 1885. 105,000 Accidents, For which Two Millions have be«n paid as Compensation by the RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE Company, 64, Cornhill. Accidents of all kinds. Paid- up and Invested Funds, ^260,000 ; Premium Income, ^235,000. Chairmam. Harvie M. Farquhar, Esq. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or West-end Office, 8. Grand Hotel Buildings, Charing Cross ; or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C. WILLIAM J, VIAN, Secretary. CHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE GARDENING and ihe IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES, CRYSTAL PALACE. S.E. Principal— Mr. H. E. Milner, A.M. Inst. C.E. Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower. Public Lectures, WEDNESDAYS at 4 J'.m. Prospectus and full particulars on application to the SUPERINTENDENT of the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace. Mr. MiLNER has moved his Offices to the above address, where his professional work is now carried on. Dedicated, by command, to the illustrious memory of H.R.H. the Prince Consort. THK PINETUM BRITANNICUM : a De- scriptive Account of Hardy Coniferous Trees cultivated in Great Britain. Illustrated with Facsimilies of the original Water-colour Drawings, made expressly for the work. Map;, Photographs, and 643 Engravings on Wood. The work is com- plete in fi(ty-two parts, miking three large folio volumes. Price, in pans, 26 guineas. As only 100 have been printed in excess of those originally subscribed for, orders should be sent without delay. The work may also be obtained in various styles of binding, at prices ranging from i8j. extra per volume. Subscribers who require back parts to complete their copies are requested to make application without delay, as very few odd parts remain on hand, and perfect sets cannot be broken. EDWARD RAVENSCROFr, 14. London Road, St. John's Wood. N.W. WM. BLACKWOOD and SONS. Edinburgh and London. X Take Notice of X WOOD & MILTON'S PATENT, The future Boiler for Nurserymen and Gardeners, heating any amount up to 15,000 feet. Advantages over all other inventions. Price List free on application. Please write your addresses plainly. T. WOOD, Hot-water Engineer, Rudgeway House, £astviUe, Bristol. O BE DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEED BUSINESS. A splendid going concern. One of the finest in existence, doing a large and profitable trade. An unusual opportunity. Apply (by letter only) to Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London. E.C. ANTED, a PARTNER, or to PUR- CHASE one of the best concerns in the Trade, enjoying a fine and rapidly-increasing business. An altogether exceptional opportunity for a capitalist. Amount required from an Incomer, not Ic's than £^ooo. Arrangements could probably be made to retain the services of the Managers and Foremen.— Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, City, E.C. ARTNERSHIP WANTED by experienced Amateur in high-class and profitable Nursery where Orchids are a specialty. — Give full particulars, in confidence, to N., J. Timms, Esq., Parade, Leamington. ANTED, GARDENER and PLATn COOK, Man and Wife, as Indoor Servants. M ust have had Vines and Orchard-house Trees under his care, understand- ing Cultivation of Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables. Character with ability indispensable. — Slate wages required, with parti- culars of last situation, to HORTUS. Gardeners^ Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GARDENER, married, no encumbrance. Wages 20J. Cottage and Vegetables. — State age, experience, and full parti- culars to C, Southfield House, Henley-on-Thames, W' ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER. aged 30, married, no children, to Manage Houses and Garden, about aj^ acres ; good Milker, to Manage Cow and Pigs. Wife to do Laundry Work. Boy kept. — J., Sedgemere, East Finchley, N. ANTED, a FOREMAN, well up in Cut Flowers and Plant Growing for London Market. — Also a YOUNG MAN used to Watering, Potting, Tying, &c. — W. HOWARD. Old Southgate. N. WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN, to Manage a Small Nursery. Must understand ail kinds of In and Outdoor Plants. Good character. Total abstainer. Wages 30J. per weeli. — LANE AND MARTIN, 2^7, Brixton Road, London, S.W. WANTED, an experienced man as PRO- PAGATOR and GROWER for market, Palms. Ferns, &c.— WATSON AND EDEN, Merton Abbey Nursery, Merton, S.W. WANTED, AT ONCE, HANDY MAN to take charge of some large Fruit Hiauses, Peaches, and Vines, and grow Tomaios and other things for Market. Must have good character for steadiness and ability. State wages required. Cottage found.~Mr. WOODTHORPE, Glazenwood Nursery, Braintree. WANTED, an energetic young MAN (i8 to 20) who has had some experience in Plant Growing for Market. Also one for Outside Market Garden Work. None but steady men who can give reference need apply. To Board Indoors.— R. ROBINSON, Normanby.Middlesborough. ANTED, TWO respectable Young MEN, quick at Potting, Watering, and general work under Glass.— MANAGER, The Hilt Nursery. Sandiacre, Notts. WANTED, for a Small Nursery, a young MAN, used to Growing Plants for Market. Character required. Wages ,^i is. per week.— J. BRE WIN, Farm Lane, Walham Green, S.W. WANTED, a respectable young MAN, of good address, to assist in Show Conservatory. He will have to wait on customers, and mubt be experienced in putting up Cut Flowers, Wreaths, Crosses, Bouquets, &c., and also to have knowledge of Plants, Seeds, Bulbs, &c. — Apply, any morning, to R. J. WOOD, The Bedfoid Nursery, Haverstock Hill, N.W. WANTED, a Gentleman to take the entire CHARGE of the COUNTING-HOUSE of a leading Nursery establishment, with a view to PARTNERSHIP or PURCHASE. Must be able to invest in the business a con- siderable amount of cash. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68. Cheapiide, E.C. WANTED, a JUNIOR CLERK, one whose character will bear the strictest investigation. Mui^t be a good Writer and Quick at Figures — Write, stating full particulars and salary required, to B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N. W^ANTED^ ONE or TWO JUNIOR CLERKS. Permanent situations to steady, industrious, and persevering men. — Apply in own handwriting, stating age, experience, and wages expected, to THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham, Middlesex. WANTED, a steady, energetic young MAN, to lake charge of Seed and Florist Department, and assist with Books. Wages. 25^.. progressive to suitable man. — S. MAHOOD AND SON, Putney. S.W. To Florists AsslstatitB. WANTED, TWO Young LADIES, one thoroughly experienced in Bouquets. Wreaths, Sprays, &c., the other as an Improver. State particulars, or apply to MORLE AND CO., I and 2, Fenchurch Street, E.C. WANT PLACES. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. — // is very important in Re>nittin^ by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at DRURY LANE, to IV. RICHARDS, as, unless the Nttmberofa Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particiilar persoit, it is impossible to prevent any person into ^uhose hands it may Jail f?-o/n ?icgotiating it. N.B. — The best andsojest means oj Remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER. IC HARD SMI TH and Ca beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. C O T C H GARDENERS. — John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin- burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging from ;C5o to ^[oo per annum, and he will be pleased to supply full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust- worthy and competent Gardener. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER AND CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. — Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn, W.C. Journeymen and Foremen, Scotch. JOHN DOWNIE, SEEDSMAN, 144, Princes Street. Edinburgh, has at present on liis Books a number of first-rate Young Men who wish to go to England. — Parti- culars on application. rno LAN DED PROPRIETORS, &c.— A. -L McIntvije (late of Victoria Park) is now at liberty to undertake F'orination and Planting of New Gtrden and Park Grounds, and Remodelling existing Gardens. Plans prepared. H5, Listria Park, Stamford Hill. N. GARDENER (Head).— Twenty years' good practical experience in all branches in good establish- ments. Good references. — T. C, Mr. B. Collins, Frant, Tunbridge Wells. GARD~ENER (Head). — Age 27; twelve years' practical experience in Early and Late Forcing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, House Decorations, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Well recommended. Total abstainer.— J. ABRAM, Killerton Park, Exeier. ARDENER (Head).— Age 30 ; fifteen years' experience in all branches of Gardening. Five years in present situation as Foreman, Good references from present and previous employers. — A, W. ROOKE, TheGatdens, Glasshayes, Lyndhurst, Hants. ARDENER(Head).— Married ; thoroughly practical, experienced in all bianches. Excellent references. Five years in last situation ; left through breaking up of estabUshment. — H. A., Mrs. Elsley, Milfoid, GodaN ming, Surrey. GARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married ; successful Grape Grower and thoroughly practical man in every branch of the profession. Nine years' excellent personal character from present employer, who is giving up his garden. — W. KIRK, Lake House, Byfleet. Surrey. GARDENER (Head). — Niel Sinclair, Gardener to the Marchioness of Downshire, Easthamp- stead Park, Wokingham, Berks, can with confidence recom- mend his Foreman, H. Howell, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical man in all branches of the profession. Total abstainer. GARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married ; experienced in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Forcing, Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, Kitchen and Flower Garden- ing^—JASJHOWmX^Lodge/I^^ GARDENER (Head), to any Lady, Noble- man. or Gentleman requiring a hrst-class Gardener and a thoroughly trustworthy man.— Age 31, married. — POMONA, Messrs. Weeks & Co., Horticultural Builders, King's Road, Chelsea. S.W. ARDENER (Head). — The Right Hon. Colonel Stanlfv, M. P., will be pleased to recommend to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman, a thorough practical man in all branches of the profession. Leaving through death. Good testimonials, &C.—D. LOGAN, Halecote Hall. Grange- over-Sands, Lancashire. ARDENER (Head); age 30.— W. Fo.x, Head Gardener to His Grace the Duke of Devonshire. Holker Hall, Catk-in-Cartmel, Carnforth, can with confidence recommend his .General Foreman, C. Martin, to any Lady or Gentleman as a competent, trustworthy man. Three years ia present situation. (^ARDENER (Head); age 41, married.— VJ H. Bhnham, late Gardener to Lady Ashburton, desires re-engagement as above. Thoroughly successful in the cultiva- tion of Fruit (Indoor and Out), Orchids, Stove, Greenhouse, and Hardy Plants, also Flower and Kitchen Garden. — Romsey, Hants. ARDENER (Head).— Experienced in the first-class Culture of Grapes. Peaches. Orchids, choice Cut Flowers and Decorative Plants, Hardy Fruit and Vegetables. Good Landscape Gardener. Has had twenty-two years' prac- tice. Good references.— J. MaCGREGOR, 2, Ivy Cottages, Soulhwood Lane, Highgate, N. ARDENER (Head) ; age 31. — W. Farr, Gardener to Sir R. Knightley, Bart., M.P., Fawsley, Daventry, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, W. Flood, to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical man in all branches of the pro- fession. Has been in present situation six years. — Address ROPAGATOR and FOREMAN.— Well up J- in Bouquets, Wreaths, Sprays, and Button-hole Flowers ; fifteen years' experience in the above.— E. SHEPPARD, Aberdeen Paik Nursery, Highbury Grove, London, N. PROPAGATOR.— Stove and Ferns, &c. ; J- two years in a leading London Firm, and also a eood knowledge of the Trade.— A. B., 2g3, Lancaster Road, NottiuE Hill, W. ^ "PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 26, -L single ; eleven years' experience. Well up in Propaga- tmg and Growing all kinds of Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Can be well recommended.— L. H., 144, Manor Street, Clapham, S.W. . "To Nurserymen and Florists. TDROPAGATOR and GROWER (Indoor). -L — Age 23: nine years* experience in Market Nurseries ; good at Bouquets, Wreaths, Sprays, &c. Good character— W. Gardeners' CArffnic/e Office, 4t, Wellington Street, Straod.W.c' PLANT GROWER.— Age 25 ; has a good -*- knowledge of Stove, Greenhouse and Heath Growing Good reference.— E. WARDEN, 3, Vernon CotLages East Sheen, Mortlake, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 22 ; eight years' ex- ^ penence under Glass. Good character. — F. PAICE Heene Road, West Worthing, Sussex. TOURNEYMAN.-Age 21 ; seven years' t/ experience in good establishment.— J. PORTSMOUTH, 6. South Stieet, Isleworth, Middlesex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; t/ has had eight years' experience Indoors and Out. Six years' good character.—Mr. J. GREGORY, The Gardens Mickleover Manor, near Derby. ' JOURNEYMAN, in Gentleman's Garden.— t/ Age 20 ; six and a half years' experience. Boihy pre- ferred.—C. FERMER, Botanic Gardens, Queen's Road Chelsea, S.W. YOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, i^"a~good *^ establishment.— Age 19 ; can be highly recommended by present employers.— ROBERT THOMAS, Aberaman Park Gardens, Aberdare, Glamorganshire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good t/ establishment.— Age 22 ; eighteen months in present situa- tion. Highly recommended. —A. PEET, Catmose Gardens, Oakham, Rutland. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good establishment. — Seven years' experience. Well recom- mended from present and previous places. — F. P., 2, Park Cottages, Willoughby Park Road, Tottenham, Middlesex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good tr establishment.- Ace 22 ; highly recommended by last employer. Seven years' experience,— W. W., Church Gate, Cheshunt, Herts. f OURNEYMAN.-J. Hill, Gardener, The " Lawns, Eaton. Norwich, would have much pleasure in recommending a thoroufih good man to anyone requiring the same ; previously at Ashridge Park. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good Y establishment.— Age 22 ; six years' experience. Good character. Bolhy preferred. -W. NORWOOD, 200, Whitham Road, Bioomhill, bheUield. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good " establishment, where three or four are kept Age 20: can be highly recommended by present and previous employers ' — For particulars as to character and ability, apply to HEAD GARDENER, Kingswood Warren, Epsom, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN (Inside).— Age isTThTee- unirr^wAv^"/^, '''■"""s from present situation.-E" HOL.LOWAY, Oak Lodge Gardens, Addison Road, Kenslnc ton, W. ^ JMPROVER, or JOURNEYMAN in the -L Houses, in a Gentleman's garden. —Age iq ; three years* excellent character.-Mr. S TEVENS, Gardener, Stanage Paik. 1 Brampton Bryan, Herefordshire, ' JMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's J- estabhbhment.— Age ig ; good references. Bothy preferred Premium given.— W. B., Head Gardener, Chacombe Priory Banbury. JMPROVER.— Age i8 ; two years in Flower -»- Gardens and Houses in present situation. Recommended by present employer. -J. SHIELD, Knob Park, Almondsbury, Gloucestershire. JMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's •*- garden, where a thorough system of gardening is carried out.— Age 18; two and a half years under glass. Gold references. A Premium would be paid.— W. G., i, Frederick Villas, Crescent Road, Ramsgate. TX) NURSERYMEN.-Wanted, a situation J- in a Nursery, where Cut Flowers and Plants are Grown extensively for Market. Three and a half years' good cha- racter. State wages.-R. BBADSHAW, Water End, Wood- ston, Peterborough. 'J'O GARDENERS.-S. PULLMAN^^IiTTT- -1- commend an intelligent, respectable youth (age 17U) Four years under a Foreman.-The Gardens, Frampton Court'. Dorchester, Dorset. npo GARDENERS.— A strong young man -L (age 2o), could sec after Fires, and make himself useful In or Out of-doors under a Foreman. Abstainer.- THE GAR- DENER, Manor House, Wethersfield, Essex. 'JIG MARKET GARDENERS.— Advertiser -*- (age 24)wishestohear of a situation in the abjve where he could Learn the Business. Would give his services for noinina.lsalary.— Apply, in first instance, to S., Estate Office, Rosendale Road, West Dulwich, S.E. f-rO SEED MERCHANTS.-A young ma^n -*- (age 23), with five years' expeiience in the Seed Trade seeks a situation in the same.-A. W., 50, Fortess Road, Ken^ tlsh Town, N.W. fJIO THE CORN and SEED TRADE.— A -L young man (age 20), respectably connected, seeks employ- ment m the Corn and Seed Trade. Two and a half years in a small nursery. First-rate chjiracter, undeniable references. S.'^lr P'^""'™- State salary in or out of house. -J. SAL- TON, South-Eastem Road, Ramsgate. MSeed Trade. ANAGER, HEAD SHOPMAN, or any V .. ,„u°','"'' ^°°'^ position. —Thorough knowledge of the Trade both Wholesale and Retail, Twelve years in last situation • exce lent references.-ALPHA, Gardeners' Chronkle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. ASSISTANT BOOK-KEEPER, CORRE- -t^ SPONDENT, &C.-J. Cheevhrs desires reengagement shortly, or would travel on salary and commission. Nine years' experience. — For character, please apply, CRANSTON'S NURSERY AND SEED CO. (Limited), Hereford. '''""=' GRATEFUL— COMFOKTING. EPPS'S COCOA. BBEAKFAST. " By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli- cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps has provided our breakfast tables with a dehcately flavoured beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point We may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Service Gazette. Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in Packets, labelled thus :— JAMES EPPS & CO., HomceopatMc Chemists, London. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS. —Old Wounds, Sores, and Ulcers.— Daily experience confirms the fact which has triumphed over opposition for nearly half a century.- viz., that no means are known equal to Hollo way's remedies, for outing bad legs, sores, wounds, diseases of the skin, erysipelas, abscesses, burns, scalds, and, in truth, all cases where the skin is broken. To cure ihese infirmities quickly is of primary importance, as the compulsory confinement indoors weakens the general health. The ready means of cure are found in Holloway's Ointment and Pilk» which heal the sores and expel their cause. In the very worst cases the Oint- ment has succeeded in effecting a perfect cure, after every other ineans has failed of giving any relief. Desperate cases best display its virtues. 228 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 14, 1885. WEBB AND SONS' Home-Grown Vegetable Seeds. THE infli BEST CUCUMBER. WE'BBS' PERPETUAL BEARER. Is. 6d. and 23. 6d. per packet, Post-free. from Mr. Edward Evitt, Gardener to }. Alkios, Esq , Hinck'ey.—^^ Your Perpetual Bearer Cucumber is the best sort I ever grew. I cut some Cucumbers a feet 7 inches long, and of splendid quality ; they were greatly admired by all who saw them." WEBBS' WOODFIELD MELON. Is. 6d and 23 6d. per packet. Post free. From Mr. John McKini.ay. Gardener to the Right H ^n. Lord Foley.—" Your Woodfield Melon is 3 free setter, ihin-skumed, beautifully netted, aod of delicious flavour." From Mr. E. Simpson, Cardene* to the Right Hon Lord Wrottesley. — " Webbs Wondfield Melon is an excellent sort ; thick flesh, ol firbt-raie f.ivour, and good setter ; very desirable." SAVE 20 PER CENT. Our exceptional position as the largest Seed Growers in the Kingdom enables us to offer Pure Vegetable and Flower Seeds at very moderate prices, which, on comparison, will be found some twenty per cent, lower than those of other leading Houses. WEBBS' EARLY MAMMOTH CAULIFLOWER. la. 6d. and 23. 6d. per packet, Post free. Fro}H Mr. Geo. Brighton, Gardt-ner to Right Hon. the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe.— " Your Eaily Mammoth Cauli- flower, being well protected with foliage, 1 am now cutting (November i) fine white heads, very compact, and of first- rate quality." WEBBS' IMPROVED BAIBUEY OIIOI. 6d. per packet, Is. per ounce, Post-free. From E. J. LowH, Esq., F R.S., Shireneivton HalL — " Enough cannot be said in praise of this (Webbs' Improved Banbury) Onion, or of your strain of Queen Onion." FromWr.VJ. S. Holmes, Wellington. — ^'■\ took ist prize ■with (Webbs' Improved Banbury) Onion at our show." WEBBS' SPRING CATALOGUE BoautlfuUy Illustrated. Post-free la.- to Customers. -OratlB WEBBS' SELECT SEED LIST, GR.iTlS and POST-FREE. I All Vegetable and Flower Seeds Free by Post or Rail. 6 per Cent. Dls. for Cash. WEBBS' NEW PEA, THE WORDSLEY WONDER. THE BEST BLUE WRINKLED MARROW. 23. 6d. per pint— In sealed packets only. Mr. W. Iggulden says:- " It is the best novelty in the way of Peas." Mr. R. Gilbert says:- " It IS calculated to suit the million." Mr. W. Ingram says:- " The Wordsley Wonder is altogether a ve. y good Pea. The "Gardeners' Chronicle" says:— " One of the best Peas of modtrn introduction." Mr. William Crump says : - " 1 am well ple;iscd with Webbs' Word>Icy Wonder." WEBBS' SUMMERHILL LETTUCE. 6d. and Is. per Packet, Post-ftee. FromVJ. Elstonr, Esq. CH/tou.—" I had some very fi..e Sumracthill Lotiuce from your seed. They were the siz- of small Cabbage, and ihe best I ever grew. 1 took ist pruo with iheni at our Hcriiculiural t>lnw." From Mr W. Vi awes, Gurdftter to E J. WiLitAMS, Esq , Rochford f/ouse. — '^ Wchiih' New Summerhill Leiiucc 19 undouht.?dly the finest C;ibbage Lettuce B'own." THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. Editorial Communications should he addre:Red to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher." at the Office. 4». Wellincton Street, Covenl Garden, ^o"^°"* Y^' Prmted by WiLLrAM Kichavds. at the Ofii'-e of Messrs. pRAneuRV. Agnbw, & Co., Lombard Street. Precinct of Whitefriars. City ol London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by the said Wh.'.iam RicHv^khS. at the Office. 41, Wtlliniiton Str-et. Prui^h of St. P.iul'i, Covrnt r.^.rd'-n, in th*- sa-'' ( ovnrv.— Sati'f.av. February 14 ;8R^. Agent lor Alanchestci-— John HawvoOD. Age^ia >o: :3i.t<.i^u— Mc:.iij. J. Mbnzic3 & Co., LUiuUur^L ^ud C'l.t'.,,'--^. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. €sital)lifif)eli 1841. No. 582.-V0L. XXIII. {s^«',rs.} SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1885. {p'L'S^'?:t"a'ii'S=pap"'jpo^;.^^^^ 6d. CONTENTS. Arboratum, the .. 343 BoitoloaU. piopasatioD of 343 Books 346 British Be*>keeper's Ass^ datioa 345 Bromeliads, Antoioe's . . 344 Buds out of place . . 349 CentropogOQ Lucyanus. . 450 Coloot^.DOtes : New Zea- land 949 Cucumber growinK . . 350 Dahlias. oe», of 1885, the 340 DcndrobiuoQS, pruniiig . . 350 Downing, Charles . . 339 Florists' fiowcrs .. .. 348 Flower Kard 00, the .. 347 Forestry 343 l^uit notes .. 346 Fruits under glass . . 347 GttS-Iime in gardens . . 349 GhcDt, awards at .. 344 Gladioli ptantiDg.. .. 349 Grape Mrs. Pince .. 349 KilioiaDJaro . . .. 341 Kitchen garden, the .. 347 J-Atgc trees, preparaiioos for moving . . . . 350 Leaves .. .. 337 MaxiJlaria Kalbreyeri . . 939 MembUnd .. ... 333 Mushrooms .. .. 349 Naicisst. v^u-ieties of . . 340 National Chrysanthemum Society 246 Odontoglossum Pesca- torei melanocentrum .. 339 Orchid conference, an . . 350 „ notes .. 343 Plantt and their culture 347 Propagator, the .. .. 943 Rhododendron roots, dis- ease of .. .. 341 Roraima 343 Smuts and cluster-cups . . 346 Societies : — Edinburgh Botanical .. Notts Horticultural .. Royal Horticultural .. Soil, tillage of Truffle beetle, the Vegetable Marrow culture under glass Vegetation, the influence of direct sunhght 00 . . Violets Swanley White and New York . . Walt tree protection 25 1 25 1 S48 244 242 240 Weather 35 LLUSTRATIONS. Buds out of place 340 Daff. dil. Double WUd 341 Membland .. .. .. .. .. .. 345 Narcissus pachybulbos 341 H Rip Van Winkle 340 Truffle beetle, the 348 JVOr/CE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be viad4 payable at DRURY LANE. Now Ready. In cloth, 16s. n^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, I Volume XXII.. JULY to DECEMBER. 1884. W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. nrHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 1 IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for Twelve Months. Agent for America :— C H. MAROT, 814, Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. U.S.A., to whom American Orders may le «ent. R Y S T A L PALACE. EXHIBITIONS of PLANTS. FLOWERS, FRUIT, &c., 10 b« held during the year 1885 :— SPRING EXHIBITION of PLANTS, FLOWERS, &c., FRIDAY and SATURDAY, MARCH 11 and a8. GREAT SUMMER EXHIBITION, MAY 22 and J3. THE GR.AND EXHIBITION of ROSES, JULY 4. THE FRUIT EXHIBITION, with the GRAND NA- TIONAL DAHLIA SHOW, SEPTEMBER 4 and 5. GREAT AUTUMN FRUIT SHOW, and the INTERNA- TIONAL POTATO EXHIBITION, OCTOBER 7 to 10 inclusive. GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM EXHIBITION, FRIDAY and SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 6 and 7. Schedules on application to Mr. W. G. HEAD, Garden Superinrepdept, Crystal Palace, S.E. SHEFFIELD BOTANICAL and HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. GRAND EXHIBITION of PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUIT, at the Botanical Gardens. Sheffield, on FRIDAY and SATURDAY, July 17 and 18. TWO HUNDRED and FIFTY POUNDS in PRIZES. Prize Schedules may be had 00 application to Mr. JOHN EWING. Curator, at the Gardens. Expiration of Lease. SEVEN ACRES of NURSERY, containing a VALUABLE STOCK, continues to be offered at a aominal price. The lease cannot be renewed. See CHARLES NOBLE'S fuU Advertisement, Gardtntrz' CKrwikle, February 14 and 28. PaIjl's, waltham cross.— ROSES. TREES, EVERGREENS, SHRUBS, CLIMBING PLANTS, FRUIT TREES. GRAPE VINES, CAMELLIAS. BULBS. SEEDS, of tvery description, of the bell quality, and low in price. See Priced Descriptive CATA- LOGUES, free by post. WM. PAUL ANP SON, Paul's NuTseries. Waltham Cross. LOBELIA "EMPEROR WILLIAM."— 130,000 bushy plants, from cuttings, ar. f>d. per ico, aor. per I030., carriage paid for P.O.O., &c.. payable to The PLANT akd BULB CO , Gravesend. WO HUNDRED THOUSAND LARCH, native. Transplanted last year, g to to 15 inches, strong. good roots. No reasonable offer refused. Samples and price sent to any address. Apply to WILLIAM TRESKDER, Nurseryman, CardiE A SPARAGUS.— Extra strong three and four J-3- ,7**'* **"ff* Samples and prices on application to THOMAS S. WARE. Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham. LoudoG. WANTED, the following Volumes of the GARDENERS' CHRONICLE ;-iS4S, rS46, 1853, 1863, i86s, 1866, 1867. r868, and 1870, bound, or unbound. Mu^t be perfect and in good condition. Apply, suting price, to PUBLISHER, 4r, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. "DARR'S COLLECTIONS of^SEEDS for -L' Flower or Kitchen Garden, for Home or Abroad. Pur- chasers can malee any alterations they please. CATALOGUE free on application. BARK AND SON, 12 and 13. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C HEATHS a SPECIALTY. — The finest Collection of HEATHS, AZALEAS, and HARD- WOODED STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS gener- ally in the country. An inspection solicited. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kincston.on-Thames. SURPLUS STOCK, beautiful Specimens of ORNAMENTAL and EVERGREEN TREES, in per- fect condition for removal, at extraordinarily low prices. Special LIST, just published, on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. PRIVET, Strong bushy oval-leaved, 4 to 5 feet, suitable for Hedges. Common LAURELS, strong, bushy, 3 to 4 feet. Samples and Prices on application to T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston-on-Thames. pOSES.— ROSES.— ROSES.— Fifty^choice -A-V Perpetuals sent on receipt of remittance for sij : pur- chaser's selection from 400 best vaiieties. List of names on ap- plication. Twenty-four choice Standards, or Half- standards, 21J. JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery. Exeter, Devon. EOSES. — ROSES. — Forty dwarf H.R-s and 12 Teas of finest named varieties for 2u., Cash. EDWIN HILLIER. Nurseries. Winchester. KOSES. — The finest Show and Decorative varieties, strong, robust, hardily grown plants, from 5J. per dozen, 40J. per 100 and upwards. Standards, from 12*. per dozen, ^zis. per ico and upwards. Many thousands to select from. JAMES DICKSON & SONS, " Newton" Nurseries, Chester. s DWARF ROSES, very cheap.— looooo Leading Sorts, strong, well-grown Plants, on the Seedling Brier. Rose LIST and Prices on application. FRIEDRICH MtJLLEB, Pinneberg, near Hamburfih. Gardenlas.-Garde2ilaa. JOHN STAN DISH AND CO. have to offer a splendid lot of GARDENIA PLANTS, clear, bushy, and well set, at the undermentioned prices lor Cash with order :— In 5. inch pots, r8r. per dozen ; in 6 inch pots, 27J. per dozen ; in 8-inch pots, 4or. per dozen. Royal Nurseries, Ascot. Grape Vises, Roses, and Fruit Trees. TRELAND and THOMSON beg to an- -■- nounce that their stock of the above is this year specially fine, and now ready to send out. Descriptive CATALOGUE with prices on appiicating. Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre, Granton Road, Edinburgh. LLAM'S DWARF and EARLY MARKET CABBAGE.— The two best Cabbages for Autumn or Spring, td. per packet, free by post. CATALOGUES on application. POPE AND SONS. Seedsmen, 120. Market Hall, Birmicg- ham Nurseries. King's Norton. To the Trade. EED P 0 T A T O S.— Early Rose and Magnum Bonums, true to name. Low price. J. MARTIN, Emneth, Wisbech . WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, have now a demand for Tuberoses, Arum Lilies, White Bouvardias, good Roses. &c. ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENIS of To- matos. Cucumbers, Gros Colmar, Alicante, and Muscat Grapes. QUELCH AND B A R N H A M. LongMarket,CoventGarden. London, W.C, REQUIRE a quantity of fine Muscats, for which they can offer good prices, also fine Black Grapes. Tomatos. Cucumbers, choice Flowers, &c. QUELCH AND B A R N H A M, giving personal attention to all consignments, they are thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. QUELCH AND B A R N H A M. ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and CHEQUES forwarded weekly. BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES. BASKETS and LABELS supplied. WANTED, Six YUCCA GLORIOSA, from 3 to 4 feet high. Sute price to The GARDENER, Boultham HaU, Lincoln. WANTED, regular supplies of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS. ROBT. DASHWOOD. Salesman, Covent Garden. W.C. Address, Queen's Road Nursery, Peckham, S.E. pANNELL'S CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, \^ and CLOVES.— The finest and most complete collection in England, in perfect health and vigour. Our selection, 7x. per dozen. Special prices for large quantities. All Dodwell'd splendid new varieties. Send for ours, the best CATALOGUE. H. CANNELL and SONS, The Home of Flowers, Swanley, Kent. Hyaclnthus (uadlcans. BUDDENBORG BROS,, Bulb Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at sol. per looo. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 1884-5.— Our Descriptive Priced LIST is now ready, and can b« had free on application to T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston-on-Thames. To the Trade. 1885.— NEW FLORISTS' FLOWERS.— 1885. OUR SPECIAL LIST oJ the above is now ready, and will be forwarded on application. Wc aie intrrducing this year many novelties of sterling merit, and the plants are strong and healthy. R. B. LAIRD AND SONS, successors to Downie & Laird, Royal Winter Garden. Edinburgh. ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.— Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make your choice from his unrivalled Collection. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. LADIOLL— Twenty Acres. The largest collection in Euiope. CATALOGUES free, with Cultural Directions. KELWAY AND SON. Langport, Somerset. Trade Price Current pETER LAWSON and SON (Limited), J- Edinburgh, will be glad to Post their CATALOGUE of Garden and Field Seeds upon application. Rhododend runs. TRELAND and THOMSON have a mag- -L mficent collection of all the finest named varieties covered with flower-buds, also many thousands of SeedliDgs. Hybrids and Ponticums. Samples and Prices on application. Nurseries ; Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre. Granton Road. Edinburgh. Garden and Flower Seeds. JOHN DOWN IE, Seedsman, 144, Princes ^ Street, Edinburgh, begs to intimaie that he is now sending out the finest stock of the above that money can buy, and as J. D. is now in business solely on his own account, the most of the Flower Seeds have been saved under his own supervision* and may be thoroughly relied upon. pEDRUS DEODARA.— To arrive in about V^ fourteen days, guaranteed perfectly fresh seed. Price according to quantity on application to HY. CLARKE and bONS. Wholesale Seed Merchants, 39. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Grape Vines. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand stock of Grape Vines, suitable for Fruiting in Pots and Planting in Vineries. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade supplied. The Vineyard and Nurseries. Garston. Liverpool. RAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant- ing Canes ; also STRAWBERRIES in pou. LIST on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey. QHALLOTS, — Price per Cwt. or Ton on ^^ application to WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchant!. Exeter Street, Strand, W.C. OMATO.— The best flavour and finest for private use, Viclc's Criterion. True selected seed, im- ported from America, free by post, td. per packet. POPE AND SONS, Seedsmen, lao. Market Hall. Binning. ham Nurseries, Birmingham. EACHES, NE CTARINES, and APRICOTS, fine Dwaif Maiden. LIST on application. Dwarf ROSES, aor. per ico. (At Clearance Prices.) WILL TAYLEB, Osborn Nursery, Hampton. Middlesex. pAULIFLOWER^LANTSTAutumn-SownT Vy strong, ar. bd. no. i8i. laoo. CABBAGE PLANTS. HERBS, LETTUCE, &c., PLANTS, cheap, carriage paid. LIST free of EDWARD LEIGH, Ivy House. Cranleigh, Surrey, CTo the Trade, UCUMBER SEEDS. — Rollisson's Tele- graph, Veitch's Tender and True, carefully selected stock, which may be relied on. Price on application. GEO.^OOLING AND SON, Seedsmen, &c., Bath. To the Trade. BROAD BEANS. HAND F. SHARPE have fine samples of • WINDSOR and LONGPOD BEANS to offer. Samples and Prices may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wibech. 230 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 21, 1885. SALES BY AUCTION. Monday Next.-(Sale No. 6853.) sooo LILIUM AURATUM trom Japan, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY NEXT, February 23. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, an importation of 5000 LILIUM AURATUM. just received from Japan in the finest po'^sible condition, TUBEROSES, TIGRIDIAS, GLADIOLI, Home- grown LILIES in quantity, EUCHARIS, AMARYLLIS, and many Hardy BULBS and ROOTS in variety. On view motping of Sale, and Catalogues had Wednesday Next.-(Sale No. 6855.) ROSES, FRUIT TREES, HARDY PLANTS. &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, iS, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NE'XT, February 25, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a quantity of Jirst-class Stand- ard and Dwarf ROSES, to name, including all the leading varieties from French and English Nurseries ; FRUIT TREES, SHRUBS andCLlMBERS, BORDER PLANTS, LILIUMS, GLADIOLI, and other BULBS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. THureday Next.— (Sale No. 6856 ) IMPORTED ORCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth. Carder & Co., on THURSDAY NEXT, February 26. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, an importation of ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (Alexandra} of the best type, and in fine condition : white LAILIA ANCEPS, in fine masses and splendid condi- tion ; ONCIDIUM KRAMERIANUM, L^ELIA MAJALIS, L. ACUMINATA, and CATTLEYA TRIAN^, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No, 6856.) FERNS in variety from New Zealand. 5000 LILIUM AURATUM from Japan. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, February 26, a consignment of FERNS, from New Zealand, including Todeas, Cyatheas, Dicksonias, Aspleoiums, Lomarias, &c. Also 5COO LILIUM AURATUM, just received from Japan, in the finest possible condition. On view morning ot Sale, and Catalogues had. Stoke Parle. Slough. ORCHIDS, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions to offer for SALE by AUCTION, on the Pre_. mises, as above, without reserve, about the SECOND WEEK in MARCH, the ENTIRE COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c., formed by E. J. Coleman. Esq. Further particulars in next Advertisement. AuctionRoomsand Offices. 38, King Street.Covent Garden, W.C. Important Sale of EngUsh-grown CamellUs. beautifully set with bloom buds, AZALEA INDICA, and other GREENHOUSE PLANTS, 400 fine Standard and other ROSE.S, selected FRUIT TREES, Hardy CONI- FERS, SHRUBS, AMERICAN PLANTS, DAHLIAS, LILIUM AURATUM, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.G., on TUESDAY, February 24, at 13 o'clock precisely. On view the morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers,, 67 and 65, Cheapside, E.G. Tuesday Next.-ORCHIDS in FLOWER. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT, February 24, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud, from various collections, including : — Odontoglossum Alexandrse, many fine varieties. Lycaste Skinneri alba, with 7 bulbs and 5 flowers. Dendrobium Ainsworthi. Odontoglossum species. Friday Next -Wood Green, N. CLEARANCE SALE.— To FLORISTS and OTHERS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Lordship Nursery, Wood Green, N., on FRIDAY, February 27. at 12 o'clock precisely, the BENEFICIAL INTEREST in the LEASE of the NURSERY, comprising about an Acre of Land, with brick-built Dwelling-house and Stable. Rent only £,\3 per annum. There are eleven Greenhouses, all heated by hot water, and in good work- ing condition, which will be included in the purchase. After the Sale of the Lease will be offered in Lots, without the least reserve, the whole of the well-grown STOCK, including 9000 Adiantums, Pteris, loco Palms and DracEcnas, 150 store boxes of Ferns, containing about 7000 good plants : Carpet-bedding Plants, and large quantities of other Stock ; capital Market VAN, &c. May now be viewed. Catalogues and full particulars of the Nursery may be had on the Premises, or of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G. Friday Next. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63. Cheapside. E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, February 27, at half past 12 o'Clock pre- cisely, an extra fite importation of CATTLEYA MAXIMA (Backhouse's variety), containbg some extra large masses. The old spikes show up to 9 and 10 flower-seats. A fine lot of the lovely CATTLEYA CHOCOENSIS, LSLIA ANCEPS (white type) in first-class condition and compact well-shaped species : ONCIDIUM PHAL/ENOPSIS, unsually fine. O. LOXENSE, O. MACRANTHUM, ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISTATELLUM, extra large pieces ; also a splendid im- portation of MEXICAN ORCHIDS, consistmg ol Odontoglos- sum Insleayi leopardinum, Oncidium tigrinnm, Laelia autura- nalis, &c.. together with a fine lot of Odontoglossum Alexandra;, unequalled type. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from a well-known Private Collection. Without Reserve. MESSRS. PROTHERO and MORRIS are favoured with instructions to include in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT. February 27, about 150 lots of valuable ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, from a well-known Private Collection : for Sale without Reserve. Amongst them will be found the following : — Odontoglossum Alexandra, good vars. ,, Ruckerianum ,, JenningiaDcC „ citrosmum roseum Dendrobium suavissimum Cattleya Trianas „ labiata Cattleya Trianae, 70 plants, including many fine showy specimens. Ccelogyne cristata, true Chats- worth variety ; several plants. Lselia anceps, varieties, On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. LILIUM AURATUM. ROSES, PLANTS. &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, (7 and 68, Cheapside, EX., on WEDNESDAY NEXT. February 25, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, 6000 very fine and sound bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, just received from Japan ; 2000 double African TUBEROSES, iigo Standard. Half- standard, and Dwaif ROSES from English nurseries : AZALEA MOLLIS, A. INDICA. FICUS and PALMS, from Belgium; a consignment of PANCRATIUMS and AMARYLLIS received direct from the West Indies, an assortment of hardy English- crown LILIES, CARNATIONS, GLADIOLI, DAHLIAS, BEGONIAS, GLOXINIAS, and a variety of hardy PLANTS and BULBS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Aspley Guise, Beds. UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE, by order of Mr. W. Handscomb. Sen., who is retiring. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Mount Pleasant Nursery, Aspley Guise, about 2 miles from Woburn Sands and Ridgemont Stations, London and North-Westero Railway, on WEDNESDAY, February 25, at 12 o'Clock pre- cL-^ely, the whole of the valuable NURSERY STOCK, com- piising large quantities of Conifers in variety, an assortment of choice American Plants, 2000 fine Limes, clean grown trees ; Fruit Trees, Roses, Spring Cart, Tools, and Effects. May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, or of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. N.B. The valuable FREEHOLD ESTATE, of 2 Acres in extent, with a commanding frontage to the High Road, to be SOLD. Apply to the Auctioneers, as above. Wednesday Next LILIUM AURATUM.-TO THE TRADE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, 6ooo exceedingly fine BULBS, just received from Japan. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Cattleya Mendelii, fine vars. Masdevatlia Schlimii, 40 leaves Coelogyne Massangeana Masdevailia Trochilus ,, ccerulescens, BuU'sblood, original from Meadowbank. Restrepia antennifera, from Rucfcer's collection On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Warminster, Wilts. /e^ J. Wheeler.— In Liquidation.-IMPORTANT SALE of VALUABLE FREEHOLD PROPERTIES. To Nurserymen. Builders, and Others. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS (in conjunction wilh Messrs. Harding & Sons) are in- structed to SELL by AUCTION, at the " Bath .Arms " Hotel, Warminster, on TUESDAY, March 3, at 3 o'Clock precisely, by order of the Trustees, the valuable Freehold NURSERY GROUNDS, with comfortable DWELLING-HOUSES, OUT- BUILDINGS and OFFICES, extensive HOTHOUSE and GREENHOUSE ERECTIONS, Brick PITS, &c, and the GOODWILL of the Old-established BUSINESS ; also several productiveGARDENS.possessingchoice FREEHOLD BUILDING SITES, the whole conveniently situate in the Town of Warmmster. near the Railway Station, and only three hours' journey from London. Offering an excellent opportunity to Nurserymen requiring a thoroughly genuine Old-established Business and others desirous of securing Land in the best part of the Town for Building Purposes. The purchaser or pur- chasers of these Properties will have the great advantage of securing, at unreserved Auction prices, any of the Trees and Shrubs growing in the Grounds at the extensive SALE of NURSERY STOCK, commencing WEDNESDAY, March 4, Particulars and Conditions of Sale may be had on the Pre- mises, at the place ot Sale, of Messrs. SPARKES and POPE. Solicitors, Exeter and Crediton ; of Messrs. CHILTON and GREEN-ARMYTAGE, Solicitors, Bristol ; of Messrs. WAKE- MAN AND BLACK, Sohcitors, Warminster ; of Messrs. HARDING AND SONS. Auctioneers, Frome and Warminster ; and of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS. Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Warminster, Wilts. In Bankruptcy— y?^ James Wheeler, Nerseryman. GREAT CLEARANCE SALE of about 40 ACRES of NURSERY STOCK. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS (in conjunction wilh Messrs. Harding & Sons) will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the various Nurseries situate at or near Warminster, on WEDNESDAY, March 4, and following days, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day, without reserve, by order of the Trustee, with concurrence of the Mort- gagees, the whole of the valuable NURSERY STOCK, extending over 40 Acres, including an enormous number of Trees and Shrubs of young growth, and an extraordinary stock of large Conifers, Evergreen and Deciduous Shrubs, invaluable to Noblemen, Gentlemen, and others largely engaged in planting. The Stock includes 5000 Green Hollies, i to 2 feet ; 36CO English Yews, 2j^ feet ; 30,000 Common and Caucasican Laurels, 9 inches to 3 feet ; 7000 Portugal Laurels, i4,coo Firs and Pines, lo.ooo hybrid and named Rhododendrons, i to 5 feet : 50,000 Larch, 2 to 5 feet ; 7000 Privet, 15,000 Thorns, \% to 2 feet ; 20.000 H3?.el, i^ to 4 feet ; 35.000 Ornaniental and Forest trees, such as Limes, Beech, Poplars, Oaks, Chestnuts, &c • 8000 Standard and Pyramid Apples and Pears, 2000 Stan- dard and Dwarf Roses, GREENHOUSE PLANTS, and other Stock too numerous to mention. May now be viewed. Catalogues may be had at the War- minster Nurseries ; or of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS. Auctioneers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London. E.C. ; Messrs. HARDING and SONS, Auctioneers, 26, King Street. Frome- Mr.W. H. PHILLIPS, Chartered Accountant, i. Small Street. Bristol; Messrs. WAKEMAN and BLEECK. Solici- tors, Warminster ; Messrs. SPARKES and POPE, Solicitors, Exeter and Crediton; and of Messrs, CHILTON and GREEN-ARMYTAGE. Sohcitors, Bristol. NB — The Four FREEHOLD NURSERIES will be OFFERED bv Public AUCTION, in Lots, at the "Bath Arms" Hotel, Warminster, on TUESDAY, March 3 (the day preceding the Sale of the Stock), by Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, in conjunction with Messrs. HARDING and SONS. Full Particulars and Plans may be had on application. (See preceding Advertisement.) Extraordinary Form of White Lsella anceps. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and;-68, Cheapside, E.G., at an early date, great masses in extra condi- tion of a most superb WHITE L^LIA ANCEPS. undoubtedly the finest pure white species ever offered. The whole flower is pure white, and very large, the throat striped crimson and the lips over an inch across. Mr. Edward Klaboch, who has col- lected these masses, states that the flowers are of great substance. (We consider this the finest White Laelia anceps ever introduced. Dried flowers will be on view. Further particulars will appear. Tuesday Next.— Barnes, Surrey. Short Notice of Sale. MELADY'S WHITE HART LANE NURSERY. A few paces from the "Edinburgh Castle " Tavern, midway between Barnes Terrace and Upper Richmond Road. To Gentlemen, Nurserymen, and Others requiring the choicest kinds of FRUIT TREES, in right condition for moving. aUo CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS. PINKS. CLOVES, TULIPS, and other Flowers in pots. MR. J. A. SMITH has received instructions from Mr. Melady, to SELL by AUCTION. 00 the Premises, as above, on TUESDAY NEXT, February 24, at I o'clock precisely, the whole of the NURSERY STOCK— Fruit Trees of named and choice sorts ; Flowers, Shrubs, Plants, 6 pieces of Asparagus, 500 Fruit Trees, including Marie Louise, Beurre Diel, and other Pears ; Cox's Pippin, Flower of Kent. BlenheimOrange and other Apples ; Victoria, Magnum, and Green Gage Plums ; Lee's Red Grape and Black Currants, Gooseberries — all selected sorts ; Poplars, Horse Chesnuts, Lilacs, Laburn- um, Arbor-vitse ; Oval-leaf Privet, 4 feet high ; Moss and other Roses, Cloves, fine specimen plants of Camellias and Azaleas, in pots ; nearly new Span-roof Propagating House, 36 by 15 feet, as fitted and heated with hot water ; the 36 by 25 feet Spanroof Conservatory, as fitted complete : large 3-light Frame, and 16 2-inch glazed Lights. Viewed the day prior and morning of Sale. Catalogues on the Premises ; at the " Bull's Head" Omnibus Station; and at Mr. J. A. SMITH'S Auction and Estate Offices, 58, King Street, East Hammersmith. W. Spring Planting. GREAT CLEARING SALE. MR. DAVID MITCHELL will SELL by PUBLIC AUCTION, as under, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY. February 2 i and 25, at 11 o'Clock forenoon prompt, at Banghclm Nursery, Inverleith Row, and Windle- strawlee, Granton Road, Edinburgh. THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited) will dispose of as above, as the Land must be cleared, an extensive collection of FOREST and ORNA- MENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES, FRUIT TREES, and BUSHES ; splendid Specimen RHODODENDRONS, HOLLIES, &c All without any reserve. Catalogues may be had from the Auctioneer, Mr. DAVID MITCHELL, 6, Comely Bank; at 1, George IV. Bridge; or at the Nursery. Inspection of the Stock invited, and all orders entrusted to the Auctioneer will be carefully attended to. To Gardeners, Florists, and Nurserymen. aoo Lots of Rare ORCHIDS, HOTHOUSE PLANTS, and valuable GARDEN EFFECTS. MESSRS. LIDSTONE will SELL the above by AUCTION, at Meyerton House, Polegate, Sussex, 1^ mile from Hailsham and Polegate Stations on the L. B. & S. C. R.. on FRIDAY, February 27, at 12 o'Clock precisely. Catalogues of the Auctioneers, no. Cannon Street.Londoo.E.C. Heaton Farlc, Lancashire. IMPORTANT SALE of RARE and CHOICE ORCHIDS. PALMS, TREE FERNS, and VALUABLE STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, GARDEN IMPLE- MENTS, TOOLS, and OUTSIDE EFFECTS. MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL AND HIND beg to notify that they are favoured with instructions from the Executrix of the late Earl of Wilton, to SELL by AUCTION, in the Gardens of Heaton Hall, near Manchester, on MONDAY and TUESDAY, March 2 and 3, commencmg at 12 o'clock each morning, the whole of the choice HORTICUL- TURAL PRODUCTIONS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, and MISCELLANEOUS EFFECTS. May be inspected on the Saturday prior to Sale. Descrip- tive Catalogue will be prepared, and may be obtained on appli- cation to Mr. BAILLIE, Head Gardener : or from the Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, Manchester. Chelmsford, Essex. PRELIMINARY NOTICE. Full particulars in future Advertisement. HIGHLY IMPORTANT SALE of valuable Specimen STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c , by order of Mr. Thomas Harris (that well-known Plant Grower), who is giving up exhibiting. MR. BURLEY will SELL by PUBLIC AUCTION, and wittiout reserve, on the Piemises, Baddow Road, Chelmsford (about fifteen minutes' walk from the Chelmsford Railway Station, Great Eastern Railway), on THURSDAY, March 5, at 12 for half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, the whole of the valuable COLLECTION of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including grand s[>ecimens which have been exhibited at all the principal shows in the Eastern Counties with marked success. The whole of them are in the best possible health, and are readv for exhibiting this season. Also a large well-made EXHIBITION PLANT VAN, on Springs and Patent Axle. On view the day prior and morning of Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises: of Mr. THOS. HARRIS, as .ibovc ; and of the Auctioneer and Valuer. High Street, Brentwood, Essex. To BE DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEED BUSINESS. A splendid going concern. One of the finest in existence, doing a large and profitable trade. An unusual opportunity. Apply (by letter only) to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London. E.C. Worthing. FOR SALE, a FLORIST'S BUSINESS. Also LAND TO BE LET, (ronr i to a Acres, well adapted for Glass. PIPER AND SON, Auctioneers, Worthing. TO BE LET,' a MARKET^ GARDEN^ within 2I4 miles of Notlingh.im. Large Gardens, with Greenhouses, Vineries, Pine Pits, and excellent Dwelling-house attached. Apply, by letter, to GARDENER, E. C. Patchitt, Derby Road, Nottingham. February 21, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 231 To Nurserymen. Florists, Gardeners, and Others. FLORIST'S BUSINESS. FOR SALE, by Private Treaty, as a going concern, all that well known and remunerative KKEE- HOLD BUSINESS PREMISES, called Guildford Street Nurseries, within two minutes' walk of ihe Barton Railway Station, Hereford, the property of Uriah Hain, Florist, who is relinquishing business on account of declining years. The Property c.impnsci a modern and substantially brick-built Resi- dence, called Blenheim House, with several Perches of Free- hold Garden Ground, a number of Span-roof and Lean-to Glass Houses, with Hot-water and other Heating Apparatus, Hot and C""ld Pits, and Potting Sheds ; together with the Slock-in-Tiade, consisting of a well-grown and healthy lot of Redding, miscel- laneous assortment of useful Greenhouse and Hardy Outdoor Plants, in popular demand ; small collection of useful Nursery Stock, Horticultural Requisites, Tools, and absolute Goodwill. A splendid opportunity for an enterprising young manor gentle- man's gardener with small capital desirous of retiring from service. One-half or so of purchase money can remain on mort- Rage. if required. For further particulars, apply to GEO. H. BARLOW. Estate and Property Agent, Hereford. NURSERY TO LET, Six 50-feet Houses, in one of the best parts of Kent, Near station. Twelve miles from London. Moderate rental. Stock at Valuation. For further particulars apply to C. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Important to Florists, Nurserymen, Market GROWERS and OTHERS. TO BE LET, on LEASE, or SOLD with possession, the valuable FREEHOLD ESTATE known as Osborii's Nursery, Sunbury. Middlesex, comprising 17 Acres of excellent Land with Dwelhng-house. Stabling, Sheds, and alt the extensive range ot modern and recently-erected Green- house''. The Estate having a frontage of iico feet to the high road, possesses a great prospective value for Building purposes. Full particulars may be obtained of Messrs. PROTHEROE AMD MORRIS, Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. TO BE LET, on Lease (with Immediate Possession), Capital NURSERY GROUND, partly stocked, with five large Glass-houses or Forcing Pits, Heating Apparatus to same; with large Dwelling-house and suitable Outbuildings, Sheds, &c. The whole covering about i acre. Situated within about a mile of three Railway Stations, and about 5 miles from London. For panicubrs apply to Messrs. LAUDER and BEDELLS, Surveyors, 6, John Street. Bedford Row. W.C. ^ ' _ - - ■ To ECONOMISTS.— CLERGYMEN, &c, possessing influence, obliged by pecuniary circumstances to '.Xinwillingly retrench in their "garaen purchases" will be met in a most fair and liberal spirit, to their entire satisfaction, by communicating with ALPHA, T. W. Hannaford's, 73, Ludgate Hill, London. E.C JOHN KENNARD'S Horticultural Sundries, Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Pottery Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisite. Swan Place. Old Kent Road. S,E. Established 1854. To Landed Proprietors, &c. AMcINTYRE (late of Victoria Park) is • now at liberty to undertake the FORMATION and PLANTING of NEW GARDEN and PARK GROUNDS and REMODELLING existing GARDENS. Plans prepared. Its. Listria Park, Stamford Hill. N. To Noblemen and Otliers Planting, &c. FOR IMMEDIATE SALE, 10 magnificent Specimen WELLINGTONJA GIGANTEA, over 6 feet high, in perfect health, shape and foliage— such handsome trees seldom seen ; 10 good Silver Variegated Japanese MAPLES, from 4 to 8 feet high (grafted), and about 20 fine shaped Purple BEECH— all moved within the last year. Also 5 immense Specimens of ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, over 30 inches through — these are fit for high competition. The above, the property of a Lady, are for Immediate Disposal. Price, &c., address by letter otily lo R, GARDINER, care of T. Smith, 15, Wine Office Court, Fleet Street. London, E.C. HOUSE'S PERFECT MARROW PEA. Pronounced by competent judges to be the finest Pea ever eaten. Prizes of 30J. and 20^. per Forty Pods will be given at the Royal Horticultural Society's Show in July. Sold in packet":, post-free for filieen penny stamps. , JOHN HOUSE, Eastgate Nurseries. Peterborough. ■~r)AHLIA TUBERS.— A large quantity of J--' pot Roots in fine condition, in all the leading varieties, including Shows, Fancies, Cactus, Pompons, and Singles. DESCRIPTIVE PRICE LIST on application to THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, Middlesex. ARCH, SCOTCH, SPRUCE, and AUSTRIAN PINE. — Special cheap offer to clear litouDd. Also a fine lot ol Standard ROSES, good stocks and heads. J. W. MAY, The Nurseries. Knaresborough, YotVshire. To the Trade only. CHAS. KERSHAW offers strong CrowTis of hU PARAGON RHUBARB at 25^. per 100. Strong plants with several crowns — price on application. DECIDUOUS SHRUBS in variety, fine transplanted stuff .is per 1000. He can still supply extra strong plants in pots of MARE- CHALNIEL, GLOIRE DE DIJON, BELLE LYONAISE, REINE MARIE HENRIETTE, and other ROSES. ^ The Slead Syke Nurseries. Brighouse. TEAST LOTHIAN STOCKS. HOMAS METHVEN and SONS offer their choice Strain of the above Intermediate Stocks in five colours— Scarlet, Purple, White, Crimson, and Snow fwhite, wall-leaved, in packets, is., 2j. dd. and 5J. each colour. Pnce to the Trade on application. ^^^ 15. Princes Street, Edinburgh. Targe flowering ten-week -*— ^ STOCK, the best strain in cultivation, producing So 40 90 per cent of double flowers. Splendid, mixed, per oz., 71., Pata¥!S'tt?.''v '''"■ ssP^'rate sorts and collections, see ■CA 1 alogUE, forwarded gratis and post-free. FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany, 'iee report m the GartUneri' Chrmiclt, August 9, 1884, p. 178. G E HOLLY H E D The best of all Evergreen Fences. 10 to IS inches, icj, per loo. 15 to 18 inches, i6j. per loo. 18 to 24 inches. 25J. per 100. These plants, which are grown in sandy loam, are beautifully rooted, and remrve with ncrfect safety. JOHN CRANSTON, King's Acre. Hereford. J\V. COLE, Nurseryman, Seedsman • and Mafket Gardener, Holly Nursery. Hundleby, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, offers the following : — ASH, « to 3 feet. LARCH, a to 3 feet, 3 to 4 feet, 4 to 5 feet, three times trans- planted. SPRUCE, 15 to 20 inches. t8 lo 24 inches, OAKS, 2 to 3 feet, 3 to 5 feet. SCOTCH, 20 to 30 inches. AUSTRIACA PINE. 18 to 24 inches, a to 3 feet. LAUREL, Common, 2 to 3 feet. ,, rotundifolia, 2 to 3 feet. I, Portugal, \% to 2 feet. PARK or HEDGEROW TREES. SYCAMORE. 7 to 10 feet. CHESTNUT, Horse. 6 to 10 feet. POPLARS, 8 to to feet. LIMES, 6 to 9 feet. Samples and Price LIST on application. s urplus stoc Special offer of Nursery Stock : — FIR, Scotch, ^ to 5 feet, a-yr., 2-yr. ,, Spruce. 2-yr., 3-yr. LARCH, 2-yr., 2-yr., strong stuff. BIRCH, 2 to 3 feet. ALDER, i]i to a feet. ASH. Mountain, 4 to 6 leet. LABURNUM, 4 to s feet. WYCH ELM, 5 to 6 feet. SYCAMORE, 4 to 6 feet. Prices on application. JOS. TREMBLE and SON, Nurserymen, Penrith. K. ^?VILLIAMS' NEW TOMATOS, _j L I POST-FKEE I ~i r WILLIAMS' RED KING. The best Exhibition TOMATO. The best outdoor TOMATO. The best shaped TOMATO. Price, 23. 6a. per packet. WILLIAMS' GOLDEN QUEEN. Awarded a First-class Certificate at the Chiswick Trials. The best yellow TOMATO. The largest yellow TOMATO. The most distinct yellow TOMATO. Price, 2a. 6(1. per packet. WILLIAMS' NE PLUS ULTRA. The best flavoured TOMATO. The largest red TOMATO, weighing from 14 to 20 02. each. The richest coloured TOMATO. Price, 13. 6d. per Packet. WILLIAMS' Orangefield Improved. A great improvement on the old form of Orangefield TOMATO, sent out by us nearly 20 years ago. The best Market TOMATO. The earliest TOMATO. The most prolific TOMATO. Price, 6d. per packet. VICTORIA and PARADISE~NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. NEW WHITE PLUME CELERY (Henderson's).— Seed direct from New York, 6d. per packet, free by post. CATALOGUES free on application. POPE AND SONS, Seedsmen, 120, Market Hall, Birming- ham Nurseries, King's Norton. DREADNAUGHT. — The best paying Cucumber for Market, and finest Black Prickly Cucum- ber grown. We have grown mostly of the Telegraph type, and find Dreadnaugbt make 30 per cent, more in the market. ij. per packet. POPE AND SONS, Seedsmen, 120, Market Hall, Birming- ham Nurseries, King's Norton, AL AD I U M ARGYRITES, sound bulbs. 50J. per 100. TURNER BROS.. Nurserymen and Florists, Green Hill Nursery, AUerton, Liverpool. Coolings NE PLUS ULTRA DWARF BEAN, Per pint, 25. dd.. pf^st-free 7S. ad. COOLING'S LEVIATHAN COS LETTUCE, Per packet, zs., post-free, COOLING'S OMEGA BEET, Per packet, js , post-free. Threeof the finest vegetables in their respective classes in cultivation. Trade Price on application GEO. COOLING and SON, Seedsmen, Sec, Bath. Rhododendrons.— Rhododendrons. JOHN STANDISH AND CO. have to offer many thousands 6ne bushy Plants of PONTICUM RHODODENDRONS, exceedingly weU grown and well- rooted, from 1 to 2% feet in height, suitable for covert planting, 9 to 12 inches, at 30f, per 100 ; 12 to 15 inches, 425. per 100 ; 18 to 24 inches, 551. per 100 ; 24 to 30 inches, 751. per 100. HYBRID PONTICUM RHODODENDRONS, 2 to 2j< 'eet, ^s per 1000. Choice named varieties, jJ4 to 2 feet, with flower-buds, 271, per dozen, £io per 100, Royal Nurseries, Ascot. VI N E S — V I N E S — V I N E S.— STRONG FRUITING CANES, 4s. 6d. each. STRONG PLANTING CANES, 3^. each. All the best varieties in cultivation. CALDWELL AND SONS, The Nurseries Knutsford. Chester. VERGREEN HEDGES. ARBOR-VIT.^i. American, 2 to 3 feet, 5J. per dozen, 30.J. per rco ; 3 to 4 feel, 6s. per dozen, 40J. per 100 ; 4 lo 5 feet, ics. per dozen, 65J. per 100; 5 to 6 feet, 135 per dozen. CUPRESbUS LAW^ONIANA. 2 to 2]4 feet. 6r. per dozen, 40:. per 100 ; 2% to 3 feet, los. per dozen, 60s. per lOO ; 3104 feet, I5J-. psr do^en. 8qs. per 103; 4 to 5 feet, i8s. per dozen, laoj. per 100. HOLLIES, Green, 9 to 12 inches, 13s. per lOo ; 12 to 15 inches, I'-j. per 100; 15 to 18 inches, 20s. per ico ; iJ4 to a feet, 50*. per 100 ; 2 to 2% feet, 851. per 100 ; s}4 to 3 feet, 1401. per ioo. THUIA LOBBII, 4 to 5 feet, 15^, per dozen, 120s. per too ; 5 to 6 feet, 241. per dozen, i8oy. per 100 ; 6 to 8 feet, 3&r per dozen. The above are all well grown, have been recently transplanted, and will remove with safety. JNO. JEFFERIES and SONS, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester. GILBERT'S UNIVERSAL SAVOY and CHOU DE BURGHLEV.— "The Thnes of Horti- culture " says : — "Universal Savoy proved to be of excellent quality, and the ereat pubiic show their appreciation of same by ordering 400 packets last week." GILBERT'S CHOUDE BURGHLEY.— The r;;«« again says : — " Mr. Gilbert is to be congratulated on such a steiling novelty, and the great public show their appreciation of same by daily ordering it. ' Free bv post. UNIVERSAL SAVOY, zs. 6d. per packet ; CHOU DE BURGHLEY, ir. 6d. per packet. Trade supplied. HRYSANTHEMUMS. — Specialty. — 420 varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest and cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plants, purchaser's selection, 2J. 6.-i. per dozen, i6s. per loo ; cuttings, is. 6d. per dozen, loj. per loo ; W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe, Kent. Forcing Aspara^s. RAND G. NEAL beg to offer the above • by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and tians- ptanted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also beg to caM theattention of Nurserymen. Builders, and others to their excep.ionally fine stock ol FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W, ENDER'S STRAIN of NEW FRINGED PETUNIAS. — After great care and attention we have obtained beautifully fringed flowers of our strain of Petunias. The Double Seed will turn out a good percentage of fine double fringed flowers, often far superior to named varieties. The Singles (now offered for the first lime) are magnificent, flowers large and finely fringed. Colours veiy rich and varied in markings. Double, 3r. 6d. per packet ; singles, 2S. 6d. per packet. HENDER'S BALSAMS, double, lightvars., iv. f 7. 8 to^ „ laiuifolia. ditto. [10 feet high. „ Hodgios", 3. 4. 5 to8 feet. , „ mynifolia, ditto. )- maoy thousands. ,, Scottica, 3 to 8 feet. „ Yellow- berried, altaclarense and others. „ Variegated, of sorts, 3. 4, 5,6, 8 to loft. „ Waterer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet in circumference. „ Golden Queen, 3, 4, s, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds o( beautiful specimens. „ Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful heads, ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds. „ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful plants. BOX, Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7 feet, many thousands. YEWS, Common, 3. 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, thousands. ,, Golden, of all sues up to 10 feet. We have many thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in pomt of variety and size unequalled. ,, Irish, c to 10 feet, hundreds. (^thousands. CUPKESSUS ERECl'A VIRIDIS, 3, 4. 5- 6 to 8 feet, „ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful specimens. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds. RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4. 5.6, 7. 8, to 10 feet. The plants are covered with buds. AZALEAS, Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet high, thousands. JUNIPERS, Chinese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high. „ Chinese Golden, 3 to 6 feet. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA GLAUCA. 3 to 5 feet. ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds. „ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feet, thousands, „ „ GLAUCA, 9 to 4 feet, hundreds. „ ORIENTALIS, 4. S. 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. ,, HOOKERIANA, 3 to 5 feel. ,, PARRYANA GLAUCA, i% to 2 feet, hundreds. PICEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. „ GRANDIS. 5 to 7 feet. „ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. „ MAGNIKICA. 2 103 feet, hundreds. ., NOBILIS, 1 54 to 3 feet, thousands. „ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, to 10 feet. - PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ PUNGENS, ij^ to 2 feet, thousands. PlNUS OEM BRA, 6 to 8 feet. CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds. ,, LI BAN I (Cedar of Lebanon). 3 to 5 feet. THUIA OCCIDENTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. THUIOPSIS BOREALIS, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. RETINOSPORAOBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. , PISIFERA AUREA (true), 3 to 6 feet. , PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet. Knap Hill Nuraery, Woldng Station. Surrey. CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.— Too well known to require description. Price ds. per bushel (is. extra per bushel for package), or 6i/, per cake; free by Parcels Post, is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- I ages and printed cultural directions ; enclosed, with our signature attached. WM, CUTBUSH AND SON (Limited), Nurser^imen and Seed Merchants. Highgate Nurseries. N, Martin's President Cauliflower Is. 6d. per packet. For Present Sowing. The earliest in cultivation, dwarf and com- pact in habit, head firm and pure white, and well protected by the foliage. It slands dry weather better than an>; other variety. Mr. Gilbert says it turned out the best o/nil\i^ gtbw last season. Mr. E. Stephenson, Thorganby Hall, says:—'* Your ' President' Cauliflower is not only the earliest but the most useful I have ever grown ; we can plant it 3 or 4 inches closer than any other variety. The heads are very white and compact. I have grown it ever since it came out : I recommend it to all my friends," Post-lrec on receipt of postal order or stamps for IS, 6d, WILLIAM E. MARTIN, Seed Merchant. HulL Specialties for 1885. ILLUSTRATED LIST Of Choice New Seeds for Gardeners and Amateurs. Sent free to all Customers. E. J. J ARMAN, The People's Seedsman, OHABB, SOMEBSETSHIKE. FERNS A SPECIALTY. Hundreds of Thousands of FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS, for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries. ABRIDGED CATALOGUE of over laoo Species and Varieties free on appticatioQ. LAKOE CATALOGUE (Price IB.), containing 75 Illustra- tions of Ferns and Selagincllas, valuable *' Hints on Fern Culture," and other useful and interesting information. W. & J. B I R K B^ N H B A D, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. EDELWEISS. The Star-shaped Everlasting of the Alps. LAVATERA AKBOREA VARIEGATA. The Variegated Tree Mallow. A grand plant. 8 (eet in height, with large variegated foliage. CINEBABIA SLABITIUA. Silver-foliaged Bedding Plant. CALTHA PALTJSTBIS. The Golden King-Cup. LTTPINUS ARB0BEU8. The Yellow-flowered Tree Lupin. MIGNONETTE GOLDEN QITEEN. Very compact, good pot variely. Flowers tipped with yellow. MIGNONETTE CRIMSON ftUEEN. Same habit as above. Flowers tipped wiih crimson. MIGNONETTE PYRAMIDAMS gigantea Very large Flowers. MIGNONETTE MILES' SPIRAL. Largely used for Pot culture. MYOSOTIS PAIiUSTBIS semper florens. The Finest Forget-me-not. Constant bloomer. Rich blue. FANST REDDISH STEEL-BLUE. With red and white edge. PANSY PURPLE, with White edge. PANSY PURPLE, with Yellow edge. PANSY PLUM-VELVET, Very handsome, rich colour. Very free bloomer, with crimped edge. Seeds of all the above Choice Specialties now ready. For prices per packet, per ounce, or per poundi see our Wholesale Seed CATALOGUE, free on application. WATKINS & SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, EXETER STREET, STRAND, W.C. ANTH EM IS TINCTORIA var. pallida. The most beautiful of all the h.irdy Marguerites ; flawers delicate sulphur- yellow, abundant bloomer. First-class for cutting, and should be grown freely wherever cut flowers are in demand. gd. each, Zs.fier dozen. Carriage free. DANIELS BROS , Tlie Town Close Nurseries, Norwich. Kent; The Garden of England. T^V OF ALL KINDS . WRITE TO Geoiice buryjRRD&g?^ THE OLD NURSERIES; jMiAirosirairfEe YtHO CULTIVATE 700 HINDS. UlnslmlcdLi/it . ListofNamiS. 5 Suwtps.J K Omihs. {Reg^stured.) 300,000 Trees to select from. NEW HARDY SWEET-SCENTED WHITE PASSION FLOWER, -CONSTANCE ELIOTT," FliBt-cIaBB Certificate, RH3., 1884. LUCOMBE, PINCE and CO., The Exeter Nursery, Kxeter, will be prepared to send nut this Novelty in the Spring of 1885. They have purchased the whole Stock from the raisers, Messrs. Fuller & Son, of Newton Abbott. Price 6b. eacb. A few extra-sized Planta, 10b. 64. eacli. Tertits to the Traite on applicntioti. BIDDLES & CO. THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE, Supply 3000 varieUes of FLOWER SEEDS, in Packets, at One Penny each, including the choicest sorts, viz. : — Asters, Balsams, Calceolarias. Cyclamens, Pansies, Petunias, Phlox Drummondii, Primulas, Salvias, Stocks, Verbenas, &c. All seeds being of the best quality in small quantities, the packets must be regarded as economical, not cheap. We recommend otlr various collections of twelve varieties for \s. All kinds of VEGETABLE SEEDS, of best quality, by weight, and also in Penny Packets. Send for CATALOGUE, gratis (300 Illustrations). Save expense and buy a large selection in small packets. 50,000 GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS | to be sold off at Si. per 100 — grand bulbs. qmjimMd See *'Book of the Farm" >;■/. Just issued. Gratis and Post Free. delivi Carriage Free. Purity and Genu i nation Guaranteed. CARTERS' MODEL CUCUMBER. The Largest and Best Variety. Per Packet 2/6 & 3/6. Post Free. Seedsmen by Royal Warrant to H.R.H. tlie PRINCE OF WALES, 237-8, High Holborn, London. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES and ROSESl A large and select stock is now offered for sale. | The lllustratid and Descriftive CA TA LOGVE a/ FR Ul I poit'free. The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free. THOMAS RIVERS «& S0^ The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. SEEDS. -8EEDS.-SEED3. CHARLES TURNER DESCRIP1IVE CATALOGUE of New and Select Varieties of every Class of Seeds for lli n Garden, is now ready. THE ROYAL NURSERIES, SLOUGH. I FSBRUARY 31, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 233 LOVEL'S STRAWBERRY PLANTS.— GREENHOUSE, 51. per 100, 401. per ioool GARDEN, aj. td. per 100, aor. per icoo. Sample and Pamphlet, post-free, ^d. W. LOVEL Ar.D SON, Strawbtrry Growers, Driffield. ARCH. -L ARC H .— L A R C H.— Special Cheap Offer to dear eround. 3 feet and over, JM. per 1000. Also SPANISH CHESTNUT, 5 to 6 feet. Seedling OAK, and other FOREST TREES. GEO. CHORLEV, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst, r:j.IANT SCARLET BROMPTON STOCK. ^-^ — Producing splendid large double flowers with jpikes iJ4 to 1 feet long. New seed, grown in 1S84, price \s. and ij. dd. per packet, post-free. JOHN ETHERINGTON DIXON, Seed Grower, Gains- boroujjh. CARTERS' ( BLENHEIM ORANGE MELON. The finest Scarlet Flesh MELON in ctiltivation. Per Packet Is 6d.. 2s. ed. & 3s. 6d. Post Free. Seedsmen by Royal Warrant to H.R.H The Prince of Wales. 237-8, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES TO LOVERS OF HORTICULTURE IN SEARCH OF NEW and RARE PLANTS. Our SEED CATALOGUE of ''Floral Gems" Embraces a List of Species NOT to be found offered IN ANY other English Seed Catalogue ; anti must certainly prove of much interest to all admirers of lovely, sweet-scented, and uncommon blooms. In It are offered Seeds of RARE AND BEAUTIFUL AQUATICS, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL ANNUALS, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL BIENNIALS, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL CACTE/G, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL GRASSES, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL PERENNIALS, A Copy of 'which •will be forwarded, Gratis and Post-free, on applicatiitn. VICCARS COLLYER & CO, Importers of New and Rare Plants, Seeds, &c., CENTRAL HALL, LEICESTER, (where all Letters are to be addressed,] and CENTRAL NURSERIES, OLENFIELD, near LEICESTER. A. W. CREWS, Manager. RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES R.A^RITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RARITIES RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. (ESTABLISHED 1804.) FOREST TREES "'^"''"'^"piue""*'^'^""" ROSES (20 acres) ^"'"^%t;i"S:''°''- STANDARDS, 15J, oer dozen, 1051. per 100. Paddog and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. rnUI Iw \/t* 3Cr6Sj andkindoftreeatlowpnccs. SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) 1%W^\ TREES, FLOWERING PLANTS (8j. per dojen, joj. per 100), FOREST TREES. ROSES IN POTS (80,000) 'v'^'^'''"'^- FORCING, &< foot. iz^. per 1000; OVALIFOLIUM, 2 10 2^ feet, 30J. periooo; Oval, X foot, 20J. per looc. SYCAMORE, i J^ to 2 feet, 145. per 1000. THORNS, ij^ to 2 feet, 12J. 6d. per 1000 : 2 to 2j^ feet, ids. per icoo; 3 to 3H feet. i8s. per iooo. APPLE, Crab, 2-yr., fine, 3^. per icoo. DOG ROSE, i-yr., fine, 6s. per 1000, MANETTI STOCKS, 201. per 1000. IVY, IrisbT strong, tis. per 1000. HONEYSUCKLE, sempervirens, yellow, 25J. per loQ LAURELS, (x)romon, 2-yr., fine, 22J. per 1000 SKA BUCKTHORN, 2 feet. 201. per 100. HYPERICUM CALYCINUM, I foot, loj. per 100 CATALOGUES on application to GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer, N.E. SEAKALE, for planting, strong crowns, ^s. perioo, 35i. per 1000. GRAPE VINES, 21s. and 42/. per dozen. Terms, monthly. (To the Trade.) WILL TAVLER, Osbom Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. SEEDLING BRIERS, very cheap.— 500,000 fit for immediate working and budding next summer. Price and Sample, post-free, on applicatioiL FRIEDRICH MtJLLER, Pinneberg, near Hamburgh. Special Offer for Cash JOHN STANDISH and CO. beg to offer ^ the under-mentioned finely grown and well-rooted shrubs ; — LAUREL, caucasicum, 2 to 2% feet jof. per 100. ,, Common, 2 to 2J4 feet, 20J. per 100. HOLLY, Common, 2 to 2% feet, 42J. per 100. J, Gojdeij and Silver, 2 to 2}^ feet, 30J. per dozen. PRIVET, Oval-leaved, 2 to 3 feet, 75. Sd. per 100 BERBERIS DARWINII, 2 to 2)^ feet, 25j.-per 100. YEWS, English, 2 to^J^ feet, 501 per 100. AUCUBA, Green, 2 to 2% feet, 63J. per 100. LIMES, Standard, stout, 5 to 7 feet stems, iZs. per dozen. SPRUCE, fine stout stuflF, 2 to 3 feet, 40X. per 100, Royal Nurseries, Ascot. WARE'S PERENNIALS (Hardy). WARE'S FLORISTS' FLOWERS (Hardy). WARE'S CHRYSANTHEMUMS. WARE'S CLIMBERS (Hardy). T/ic above NEIV CATALOGUES luiU be ready in a few days; they are each full of interest in their own particular way. The Illustrated Catalogue of Perennials has been thoroughly revised, and contains many beautiful plants never previously offered, and the whole of the plants enumerated are, without an exception, of the highest worth. Nothing but really useful, showy plants are retained. The Catalogue of Hardy Florists' Flowers consists of all the best varieties of each family — Show, Border, Clove, Tree, and Yellow-ground Carnations, Delphiniums, Phloxes, Paeonies, Pinks, Pyrethrums, Violets, &c. The Catalogue of Climbers is one of the most complete ever issued, com- prising almost every known Hardy, Climbing, Creeeping, or Trailing Plant of real worth. The Catalogue of Chrysanthemums is a most complete one, including all the really first-class varieties of each section, and the new ones of the present season. Copies of any of the above Catalogues may be had on, application. THOMAS S, WARE, HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. A All Want FLbwER SeedsI HERE SHALL WE GET THE yg^3! H.CANNELC:^ SONS ^ tHEHOMEWFLOWERS iSWANLEV^KENT: J Seed Potatos. OSIAH H. BATH, York Street, Borough Market, S.E., Offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS \— Rivers' Royal Ashleaf. Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf. White Elephant. Beauty of Hebron. Snowflake. Schoolmaster. Early Rose. Ma^um Bonum. And other leading 1. Fortyfold. Scotch Regent. York Regent. Paterson's Victoria. Redskin Flourball. Reading Hero. Dalmahoy. Early Don. s. Prices on applicatioa. SEED POTATOS.— Special Ofifer.— Old Ash- leaf, 7^. ; Myatt's and Rivers' ditto, 51.; White Elephant, 6s.\ Early Rose, 51.; Magnum Bonum, 4^.; Beauty of Hebron, 65. ; Reading Hero, 5J. per bushel. Less quantities, ^d. psr peck more : bags yi. each. All true and free on Rail. MORLE AND CO.. Child's Hill Farm, N.W. ; small quantities at, and letters to be addressed, i and 2, Fenchurch Street, E.C. pABBAGE PLANTS. — For Sale, good, V^ strong, autumn-sown Early Rainham Plants. F. TROWELL and SON, Elms Farm, Barnes, Surrey. CHOICE AMERICAN POTATOS. FRESH HI PORTED SEED. Per 14. lb. — J. d, AMERICAN GIANT j 6 BROWNELL'S BEST 2 6 DICTATOR ,0 GARFIELD ,0 GREAT EASTERN ,0 HALL'S EARLY PEACHBLOW .. .. j o JUMBO % f, TELEPHONE 36 ■ WALL'S ORANGE 30 Descriptive, Illustrated, Priced LIST of VEGETABLE, FLOWER and FARM SEEDS free to any address. W. W. JOHNSON & SON, Seed Growers and Merchants, BOSTON, LINCOLNSHIRE. A SPARAGUS.— True Giant, 2, 3, and 4-yr. -*^^ Fine sample loo or icoo, with price, on application. JAMES BIRD, Nurseryman, Downham. CABBAGE PLANTS, Early Rainham and Enfield Market, 2s. 6d. per looo, best stock in the country : Red Dutch for Pickling, 51. per 1000 ; BRUSSELS SPROUTS and SAVOY, 41. per 1000 ; Brown Cos and Ham- mersmith LETTUCE, 5J. per 1000 ; Veitch's Autumn Giant CAULIFLOWER, 20J. per 1000 ; Conuover's Colossal ASPA- RAGUS ROOTS, fine, 3-year old, 205. per 1000 ; a-ye^rs old, i^f. per 1000; SEAKALE, for planting out, 31. 6d. per loo, wili^ive any man satisfaclion that buys it; Forcing SEA- KALE, splendid Clowns, f>r. per looj'.ONION SEED, Bedford- shire Champion, 4J. 6d. per lb. ; white Spanish, 3J. per pound, —all new and genuine. Terms cash. RICHARD WALKER, Market Gardens. Biggleswade. Beds. SK Y-B LU E DELPHI N~ru M (DELPHINIUM BELLA DONNA, true). — Extra strons plants, from open Kround, of this rare and lovely variety, price 4j, and 6s. per dozen. DELPHINIUMS in great variety, extra strong, from open ground, 4^. and 6s. per dozen. GENTIANA ACAULIS, extra strong clumps, from open ground, 4^. and 6s. per dozen. THE WESTERHAM NURSERIES AND SEED CO., (late John Cattell), Westerham. Kent. Special Offer of Roses. JOHN STANDISH and CO. have to offer ^f all the leading and most popular varieties, well rooted and of the best quality, at the following rates : — STANDARDS. 151. per dozen, £,6 per 100. HALF STANDARDS, laj. per dozen, 90J. per 100. BUSHES, 8j. per dozen, "U L^y ^foi^^S P R InTTIp LAN T fNG^ -■-^ of all sorts. JAPANESE MAPLES, JAPANESE LILIES, choice Seeds of our own having ; choice New Zealand Seeds ; NEW MAGNOLIAS, ZAMIAS from the Cape, North American Hardy Plants ; CALOCHORTI, FREESIAS, GLADIOLI, &c. See our Spring LISP, No. 72, just issued. NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Colchester. ANTHONY WATERER has to oiTer ; — ASH, 4 to 6 feet. BIRCH. 3, 4 and 5 feet. SPRUCE, 2M. 3, 4. and s feet. SPANISH CHESTNUT, 3, 4, and s feet. LARCH, 4 to 6 feet. All stout and well rooted. ANTHONY WATERER, Knap Hill Nursery, Woking, Surrey. SURPLUS STOCK. ISAAC DAVIES k SON Beg to offer the following Plants, in which they abound, at reduced prices : — RHODODENDRONS, hybrid Seedlings, various colours, fine bushes, 3 to 4 feet, well budded, 30J. to 40J. per dozen. „ Selected hybrid Seedlings, colour labelled on each plant, zj^ to 3J^ feet, well budded, 24J'. to 30s per dozen. ,, Choice named kinds, fine bushy plants, 1J.2 to 2% feet, well budded, 30J., 40J. to 50s. per dozen. „ Seedlings from our choicest kinds, various colours, 13 to 15 inches, bushy, 40J. to 501. per 100, many with buds. AZALEA PONTICA, bushy plants, well budded, 41., 6s., to gj. per dozen. ,, MOLLIS, Seedlings from best varieties, colours kept distinct, nice bushes, 5 to 12 buds, gs. per dozen, sor. per 100. DAPHNE MEZEREUM, reds, bushy and covered with buds, 15 to 18 inches, 2s. 6d. per dozen, i6j. per 100; \% to 2 feet, 4.1. per dozen, 251, per 100. DAPHNE INDICA RUBRA, strong plants, green and healthy, iZs. to 24.1. per dozen ; some with a few fljwer-buds, sj. to 3^. each. ERICA HERBACEA ALBA (new hardy Heath), now coming into flower, 5j, per dozen, 30J. per 100. SKIMMIA JAPONICA, fine bushes covered with buds, 6s. to 8j. per dozen. We have a fine stock of Green and Variegated HOLLIES, from 2 to 5 feet high, well rooted, and a large General Nursery Stock. Also Sweet-scented RHODODERDRONS and other choice hybrids of our own raising. Priced CATALOGUE on application.— Ormskirk, Lancashire. CALADIUMS. SUPERB COLLECTION. Fine bulbs. Post-free. 12 dis- tinct and beautiful varieties, 6j. and \2S.\ 12 clioice and rare varieties, 21J.; 12 new and golden-leaved vatieties, 42J. ; 50, choice collettion, 50 varieties, 63.J. ACHIMENES. — 12 distinct varieties, ij. 6d.; i2do., 3corms of each, 45.; 12 do., 6 corms of each, 7*.; \2 for exhibition, 12 cormsofeach, 15J.; 100 corms in 50 varieties, 2iJ.; loocormsin 25 varieties, 15^-. GESNERAS.— r2 varieties, 5J. GLOXINIA. — r 2 strong bulbs, 6s. \ 12 rare and beautiful, selected for exhibition, loj. 6d. and 2\s. BEGONIAS. — Strong bulbs, beautiful collection, 2\s. ; 12 un- named, from choice strain, 6j,, gj. E. G. HENDERSON & SON, PiNE-APPLE NURSERV, MaIDA VaLE, LoNDON, N.iy. 236 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [FeBKUAKV 21, 1885. THE FRUIT OF THE FUTURE. NEW MAGNIFICENT BLACKBERRY, u THE M^ILSON JUNR." In spite of the fact that Blackberries will grow "anywhere" in reason, and everybody likes them, it is yet a puzrling reality that it is only with great difficulty and at a high figure that we can purchase them in our markets. Surely, then, it must be apparent to all farseeing "fruit growers " that instead of glutting the markets with Goose- berries, Currants, &c. , they have here a fruit which, if planted upon any given area of land, will prove far more profitable than any other hardy fruit that could be grown. And why ? Simply because for half-a-dozen years ahead, at least, the stock throughout the country will not have time to become so great as to exceed the demand. Landowners, Stewards, and Gardeners, who have each year to show a balance-sheet " ol profits," have here a very simple, safe method of for some years obtaining highly profitable results. Planted 3 feet by 8 feet requires at the rate of 1815 plants to an acre. Gardeners also who grow for bouse consumption will find this fruit a valuable assistant. It will stand any treatment, and do well where other fruits would fail. Whilst, however, we have the matter under consideration, do not let us fall into the mistake of planting any variety so long as it is a " Blackberry," Why not, for the sake of a slightly additional first expense, obtain the very ' ' cream "of the family ; or, in other words, procure stocks of the hardiest, largest, most delicious, and most productive ? By pursuing this procedure the result repays the grower tenfold for the slightly additional first expense incurred. It was this reasoning that caused us to give the subject our most careful study ; the result of which is, we offer a variety, the grandest of the group, producing enormous berries, measur- ing on an average 3J inches around, lengthwise, and the same dimensions crosswise. (This will give an idea of the profit to be denved from its culture as a market commodity. ) The berries are also glossy black, very early, of exquisite flavour, and enormously productive — the heavy load of fruit often bending the canes to the very ground. We can offer strong plants at Is. 3d. each, 12s. per dozen, 8Ss. per 100. We can offer other varieties as follows :— " LAWTON," " KITTATINNY," " PARSLEY-LEAVED (Rubus fruticosus laciniatus), WILSON'S EARLY," at ^d. each, 8j. bd. per dozen, by. per 100. A DELICIOUS AND LITTLE KNOWN VEGETABLE. " THE CHINESE YAM or POTATO " (Dioscorea Batatas). We can with every confidence offer this novel esculent as being bound (when once fairly known) to create a sensation in the vegetable world. If planted in ridges, as you would Potatos, it grows without trouble, and when boiled for a few minutes presents a most tempting mealy white appearance, whilst in flavour it is most delicious, having a gratifying and somewhat nutty taste. Gardeners, &c., who "move with the times," will in this novelty find their enterprise well repaid, whether as words of praise from thcr employer for providing a new table delicacy ; or, if supposed to turn same to a profitable account, as a highly beneficial pecuniary result. Price, per dozen tubers, 48. 6d. ; per 100, 32s. 6d. FOR SEEDS OF FOR SEEDS OF FOR SEEDS OF FOR SEEDS OF FOR SEEDS OF FOR SEEDS OF RARE AND BEAUTIFUL ANNUALS, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL BIENNIALS, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL PERENNIALS, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL GRASSES, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL AQUATICS, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL GACTE/E, KINDLY WRITE FOR OUR LIST OF "FLORAL GEMS," wherein will be found offered Seeds of lovely, curious. Merest- ing, sweet-scented Floral Rarities, most of which are not to be found offered in any other English Seed Catalogue. GRATIS and POST-FREE on APPUCATIOIf. N.B. — Owing to our central position and possessing such railway, &c., facihties, we have obtained such reduced tariffs as enables us to forward all Seeds, Plants, &c., carriage paid, to all parts of the British Isles. Our patrons are thus saved the usual inconvenience attending plants, &c,, ordered from other sources. VICCARS COLLYER & CO., NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, FLORISTS, &c., IMPORTERS of NEW and RARE SEEDS, PLANTS, (Xtc, CENTRAL HALL, LEICESTER (where all Letters are to be addressed), and CENTRAL NURSERIES, GLENFIELD, near LEICESTER. A. W. CREWS, Manager. February 21, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 237 B. 8. WILLIAMS' Specialties in Vegetable Seeds for 1885. ^ WILLIAMS' ||^ Holloway Rival Pea. Per Quart, 2S. 6tf. Very Prolific : ihe best Second Early Pea yet introduced. Emperorofthe Marrow Pea Per Quart, zs. 6ii. Very superior and well-known variety. WILLIAMS' Basing Parl< Hvbrid Melon ( At'tt/). Per PuU-et, 2s. 6d. Deep flesh, scarlet, andoffiiie flavour. Newton Court Melon {A'ew). Per Packet, zs. del. Semper Fidelis Melon {Neiu). Per Packet, IS. 6ei. WILLIAMS' Early Prolific Dwarf French Bean. Per Quart, 2s. 6cf. Acknowledged by every one to be the earliest and best French Bean in commerce. WILLIAMS' Magnum Bonum Onion, Per Packet, is. 6(i. The largest and best keeping Onion ever sent out. WILLIAMS' Matchless Red Celery, Per Packet, is. The finest flavoured variety and longest keeper, largely grown for market. Matchless White Celery. Per Packet, is. The earliest and best White Celery. WILLIAMS' Improved Dwarf Brussels Sprouts. Per Packet, is. Very prolific, compact, and of splendid flavour. WILLIAMS' TELEGRAPH CUCUMBER. (WooUey's variety ) Per Packet, is. dd. Specially selected stock, best for genera) purposes. TELEGRAPH CUCUMBER. (KolUsson'a variety.) Per Packet, is. 6d. Seed saved.from a splendid, stock. Illustrated Seed CATALOGUE Gratis and Post-free on application. UPPER HOLLOWAY. LONDQN.N by Special Warrant to H.R H. the Prince of Wales. SUTTON'S CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS ^^!;./b'D,^FfP 0 S T-F R E E. SUTTON'S FLOWER SEEDS. Cocksooml). 6^. to gj. i)d. per oackei, Di»t-ft€e. SUTTONS FLOWER SEEDS. Asters. -jd. to 2s. ka. per packet, post-free. SUTTON'S FLOWER SEEDS. Balsams. M. to \s. 6". oer nacker, pr>«t-free. SUTTONS FLOWER SEEDS Begonia. iJ- tn 5.' . per packet, pnst-free. SUTTONS FLOWER SEEDS. Calceolaria. ij. td. IP 5.f. per pai k^r, ppt-t-free. SUTTON'S FLOW£R SEEDS. Carnation. IS, 6rf. 1(1 t,!. per parket, poi-t-^ree. SUTrON'S FLOWER SEEDS Cineraria. 6g'. to 5.T. per packer, tost -free. SUTTON'S FLOWER SEEDS. Coleus. ''S. ^d. and e;.T, per packet, pott-free. SUTTONS FLOWER SEEDS. Cyclamen. _to_55 per packet, nnet-frpe. SUTTON'S FLOWER SEEDS. Dahlia. atid 25. td. per packet post-f ■--- t ' n SUTTONS FLOWER SEEDS. Dianthus. 6f/. and \s. per packet, post-fref. SUTTONS FLOWER SEEDS. Fuchsia. I', and IS. ''d, per packer, pn.st-frpp. SDTTONS FLOWER SEEDS. Geranium. ^__ 15. to 5J. per packet, post-free. SDTTONS FLOWER SEEDS. Gloxinia. 2^. dd. ai,d 5.'. per packer, post-free. SUTTON SUTTON S FLOWER SEEDS. HoUyhock. 6/. to 2j. bd, per packer, post-free. S FLOWER SEEDS. Lobella. 3./. to i^. per packet, post-free. SUTTONS FLOWER SEEDS Pansy SUTTON sutYo'n SUTTON SUTTON S FLOWER SEEDS- Pelargonium. 1^. and 2S. kd. per packet, post-free. S FLOWER SEEDS. Petunia. 6f/. 10 55, per packet, po^t-free. S FLOWER SEEDS Phlox^ f^d. to IS. 6d. per packet, post-free. S FLOWER SEEDS. Polyanthus '-''. tn 2r, dd. r^»r n^rVef, post-free. SUTTON'S FLOWER SEEDS. Portulaca. T^. to ts. per packer, post-free. SUTTONS FLOWER SEEDS. Primula. . T. ^d. to c.r. pt-r packet, post-frce. SUTTONS FLOWER SEEDS. Stocks. ■jd. to 2'. dd. per packet , post- f ree . SUTTON'S FLOWER SEEDS Verbena. IS. and rr. 6d. per packer, post-free. SUTTONS FLOWER SEEDS. Wallflower. — _ '"^- *'^ t'- ^'^- P^r oarket, post-free. SUTTON'S FLOWER SEEDS. Zinnia^ 6d. and is. per packet, post-free. ' I I ALL FLOWER SEEDS FREE BY POST. I Royal Berks Seed Establishment, READING. THE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1885. LEAVES. IN his_ discourse at the Royal Institution last Friday night Sir John Lubbock (to whom we are indebted for the following summary) said that, greatly as we all appreciated the exquisite loveliness of flowers, it must be admitted that the beauty of our woods and fields was even more due to the marvellous grace and infinite variety of foliage. How is this inexhaustible richness of forms to be accounted for? Does it result from an innate tendency of the leaves in each species to assume some particular shape ? Has it been intentionally designed to delight the eyes of man 'i Or has it reference to the struc- ture and organisation — the wants and require- ments of the plant itsell ? Size. Now, if we consider firstly the size of the leaf we shall find that it is regulated mainly with reference to the thickness of the stem, and that when strict proportion is departed from the difference can generally be accounted for. This was shown, for instance, by a table giving the leaf area and the diameter of stem of the Horn- beam, Beech, Elm, Lime, Spanish Chestnut, Ash, Walnut, and Horse Chestnut. The size, once determined, exercises much influence on the form. For instance, in the Beech the leaf has an area of about 3 square inches. The distance between the buds is about il inch, and the leaves lie in the general plane of the branch, which bends slightly at each internode. The basal half of the leaf fits the swell of the twig, while the upper half follows the edge of the leaf above ; and the form of the inner edge, being thus determined, decides that of the outer one also. In the Lime the internodes are longer, and the leaf conse- quently broader. In the Spanish Chestnut the stem is nearly three times as stout as that of the Beech, and consequently can carry a larger leaf-surface. But the distances between the buds are often little greater than those in the Beech. This determines, then, the width, and, by compelling the leaf to lengthen itself, leads to the peculiar form which it assumes. Arrangement. Moreover, not only do the leaves on a single twig admirably fit one another, but they are also adapted to the ramification of the twigs themselves, and thus avail themselves of the light and air, as we can see by the shade they cast without large inter- spaces or much overlapping. In the Syca- mores, Maples, and Horse Chestnuts, the arrangement is altogether different. The shoots are stiff and upright, with leaves placed at right angles to the plane of the branch, instead of being parallel to it. The leaves are in pairs, and decussate with one another, while the lower ones have long petioles, which bring them almost to the level of the upper pairs, the whole thus forming a beautiful dome. For leaves arranged as in the Beech, the 238 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 21, 18S5. gentle swell at the base is admirably suited, but in a crown of leaves, such as those of the Sycamore, space would be thereby wasted, and it is better that they should expand at once, as soon as their stalks have carried them free from the upper and inner leaves ; hence we see how beautifully the whole form of these leaves is adapted to the mode of growth and arrangement of the buds in the plants themselves. In the Black Poplar the arrangement of the leaves is again quite different. The leaf-stalk is flattened from side to side, so that the leaves hang vertically. In connection with this it will be observed that while in most leaves the upper and under surfaces are quite unlike, in the Black Poplar, on the contrary, they are very similar. The stomata, or breathing holes, moreover, which in the leaves of most trees are confined to the under-surface, are in this species nearly equally numerous on both. The "Compass Plant" of the American prairies, a yellow Composite not unlike a small Sunflower, is another plant with upright leaves, which, growing in the wide open prairies, tend to point north and south, thus exposing both surfaces equally to the light and heat. It was shown by diagrams that this position also affected the internal structure of the leaf. In the Yew the leaves are inserted close to one another, and are long and linear ; while in the Box they are further apart and broader. In the Scotch Fir the leaves are linear, and \\ inch long, while in other Pines, as, for instance, the Weymouth, the stem is thicker and the leaves longer. In the plants hitherto mentioned, one main consideration appears to be the securing of as much light as possible ; but in tropical countries the sun is often too powerful, and the leaves, far from courting, avoid the light. The typical Acacias have pinnate leaves, but in most Australian species the true leaves are replaced by a vertically flattened leaf-stalk. It will be found, however, that the seedlings have leaves of the form typical in the genus. Gradually, however, the leaf becomes smaller and smaller, until nothing is left but the flattened leaf-stalk or phyllode. In one species the plant through- out life produces both leaves and phyllodes, which give it a very curious and interesting appearance. In Eucalyptus, again, the young plant has horizontal leaves, which in older ones are replaced by scimitar-shaped phyllodes. Hence the different appearance of the young and old trees which must have struck every visitor to Algiers or the Riviera. EVEl^GREENS. We have hitherto been considering mainly deciduous trees. In evergreens the conditions are in many respects different. It is generally said that leaves drop off in the autumn because they die. This, however, is not strictly correct. The fall of the leaf is a vital process, connected with a change in the cellular tissue at the base of the leaf-stalk. If the leaves are killed too soon they do not drop off. Sir John illustrated this by some twigs which he had purposely broken in the summer ; below the fracture the leaves had been thrown off, above they still adhered, and so tightly that they could support a considerable weight. In evergreen trees the conditions are in many respects very different. It is generally supposed that the leaves last one complete year. Many of them, however, attain a much greater age ; for instance, in the Scotch Fir, three or four years ; in the Spruce and Silver, six or seven ; in the Yew even longer. It appears from this that they require a tougher and more leathery texture. When we have an early fall of snow our deciduous trees are often much broken down ; glossy trees have a tendency to throw it off, and thus escape ; hence evergreen leaves are very generally smooth and glossy. Again, evergreen leaves often have special protection, either in an astringent or aromatic taste, which renders them more or less in- edible ; or by thorns and spines. Of this the Holly is a familiar illustration ; and it was pointed out that in old plants, above the range of browsing quadrupeds, the leaves tend to lo=e their spines, and become unarmed. The hairs on leaves are another form of protection ; on herbs the presence of hairs is often associated with that of honey, as they protect the plants from the visits of creeping insects ; hence per- haps the tendency of water species to become glabrous, Polygonum amphibium being a very interesting case, since it is hairy when growing on land, and smooth when in water. Sir John then dealt with cases in which one species mimics another, and exhibited a striking photo- graph of a group of Stinging Nettles and Dead Nettles, which were so much alike as to be hardly distinguishable. No one can doubt that the Stinging Nettle is protected by its poisonous hairs, and it is equally clear that the innocuous Dead Nettle must profit by its similarity to its dangerous neighbour. Other similar cases were cited. He had already suggested one consideration which in certain cases determined the width of leaves, but there were others in which it was due to other causes, one being the attitude of the leaf itself. In many genera with broad and narrow leaved species, Drosera and Plantago, for instance, the broad leaves formed a hori- zontal rosette, while the narrow ones were raised upwards. Fleshy leaves were principally found in hot and dry countries, where this peculiarity had the advantage of offering a smaller surface, and therefore exposing the plant less to the loss of water by evaporation. Water Plants. Sir John then passed to aquatic plants, many of which have two kinds of leaves— one more or less rounded, which floats on the surface, and others cut up into narrow filaments, which remain below ; the latter thus present a greater extent of surface. In air, however, such leaves would be unable to support even their own weight, much less to resist any force such as that of the wind. In perfectly still air, however, for the same reason, finely divided leaves may be an advantage, while in comparatively exposed situations more compact leaves may be more suitable. It was pointed out that finely cut leaves are common among low herbs, and that some families which among the low and herb- like species have such leaves, in shrubby or ligneous ones have leaves more or less like those of the Laurel or Beech. An interesting part of the subject is connected with the light thrown by the leaves of seed- lings. Thus the Furze has at first trifoliate leaves, which gradually pass into spines. This shows that the Furze is descended from an- cestors which had trifoliate leaves, as so many of its congeners have now. Similarly in some species, which when mature have palmate leaves, those of the seedling are heart-shaped. He thought that perhaps in all cases the palmate form was derived from the heart- shaped, and that when in any genus we find heart-shaped and lobed leaves, the former may represent the earlier or ancestral condition. He then pointed out that if there was some definite form told off for each species then surely a similar rule ought to hold good for each genus. The species of a genus might well differ more from one another than the varieties of any particular species ; the generic type might be, so to say, less closely limited ; but still ^there ought to be some type character- istic of the genus. He took then one genus, that of Senecio (the (.'.roundsel). Now, in addition to Senecios more or less resem- bling the common Groundsel, there were species with leaves like the Daisy, bushy species with leaves like the Privet and the Box, small trees with leaves like the Laurel and the Poplar, climbing species like the Tamus and Bryony. In fact, the list is a very long one, and showed that there is no definite type of leaf, but that the form in the various species depends on the condition of the species. From these and other considerations he concluded that the form of leaves did not depend on any in- herent tendency, but on the structure and organisation, the habits and requirements of the plant. Of course it might be that the present form had reference to former and not to present conditions. This rendered the problem all the more complex and difficult. The lecture was illustrated by numerous diagrams and speci- mens, and Sir John concluded by saying, the subject presented a very wide and interesting field of study, for if he were correct in his con- tention every one of the almost infinite forms of leaves must have some cause and explanation. M E M B L A N D . {Conchtdcd /rjm fi. ao6 ) The kitchen garden is the exact termination of the valley which runs up its centre. It is from 5 to 6 acres in extent, bounded by a wall 14 feet high, and as a consequence ranges on both sides of the valley. The greater poition is on the right or north side, where a kind of terrace is occupied by the various fruit and plant houses, the whole length of the wall on this side being covered with glass. The Glass Houses. For greater convenience in directing the opera- tions in the numerous houses, Mr. Baker has numbered each one— a capital plan in large establishments— and for the purpose of describ- ing them we cannot do better than adopt the same. Nos. i to 4 are lean-to vineries, 18 feet wide, thus affording a good length of rafters The Vines 'all through are in first-class con- dition, being about eight years old, trained on the span system. Borders are made inside and out. No. I is the early vinery, for which purpose Black Hamburghs and Foster's Seedling are the only kinds grown. No. 2 is a late house, where were growing fine well-shaped and coloured bunches of Gros Colmar, also splendid examples of Alicante and Barbarossa, well coloured. A Vine of Pear- son's Golden Queen was carrying a good crop, and perfectly ripened ; these appeared as if they would surpass the Muscat of Alexandria for keeping qualities, the skin being thick and the berries plump. Some Vines also of Madres- field Court, though the fruit had all been cut, showed evident signs of good culture. The back wall of this house was covered half with that fine old Pelargonium, Rollisson's Unique ; the other with Heliotrope, which produces abundance of cut bloom during the winter months. No. 3 contained Vines of Lady Downe'?, carrying some remarkably fine bunches for this variety, well coloured and monstrous berries. Black Prince, Muscat Hamburgh, and Madies- field Court also are grown in this house, and from the latter variety in this house were grown those handsome bunches with which Mr. Baker carried off the first prizes at the western shows. No. 4. Principally Muscat of Alexandria are here grown. A few Vines of Frontignan are being inarched with rods carried from the Muscats, in order to fill the house entirely with the latter variety. The back wall was covered with double Pelargoniums and Abutilon Boule de Neige. A fine batch of Chrysanthemums, for I cut flowers, occupied the centre at the time of J my visit. No. 5, a Peach-house ; back walls 16 feet,! the border 6 feet wide, with upright sashes inl front, 12 feet wide, 65 feet long. It may here| be remarked that this kind of fruit cannot ba ImDRUARY 21, iSSj.] THE gardhn'ers' chronicle. ^39 grown on the open walls, owing to the salt impregnating the atmosphere as it comes off the sea ; hence there is a considerable amount of glass devoted to the Peach and Nectarine. In the house No. 5 the principal varieties are Lord Napier, Violette H.itive, and Rivers' Early Orange Nectarines ; Royal George, Dymond, and Magdala Peaches ; the two latter Mr. Baker thinks much of for early work. No. 6. Peach-house, wherein Walburton Admirable, Harrington, Lord Palmerston, and Princess of Wales Peaches ; Humboldt, Vic- toria, and Pitmaston Orange Nectarines, are the kinds grown. No. 7 is a small sc|iiare house, connecting the two Peach-houses, Nos. 6 and 8. A very fine plant of LucuHa gratissima occupied the back wall, and a standard of the same in front, well set with tlower-buds. A large and healthy-look- ing plant of Lapageria rosea was trained up and covered the roof ; a collection of Palms, Dra- c.cna indivisa, and Drac.vnas with hardy green- house Ferns occupied the centre. No. S, another Peach-house of the same dimensions as the other ; Noblesse, Dymond, and Princess of Wales Peaches, and Pine-apple Nectarines occupied the trellis. The trees throughout were strong and healthy-looking, with plentj- of good bearing wood, but not so well ripened as one could wish. It seems a pity that these ranges of Peach-cases were not widened sulticiently at first, so as to enable a large trellis to be used in front ; an angle would thus have been made in the roof which would have caught the direct rays of the sun and would have conduced to a better ripening of the wood, besides the large quantity of fruit extra, and all this at a little more cost than the present erections, which, like all other glass structures in this establishment, are very sub- stantial, elaborate, and well-built. Nos. 9 and 10 are low span-roofed houses in ront of the vineries, each about 50 feet long, and 12 feet wide, admirably adapted for plant culture for decorative purposes. Large speci- men plants are not grown, only those that are useful for cut blooms and home work, of which there are large qcantilies. No. 9 is classed an intermediate-house. Here were growing a fine batch of Odontoglossum Alexandrii; and vexillarium ; a fine specimen of Laj'ia Dayana was in flower at the time, and several large plants of Cypripedium Maulei. A capital lot of Cyclamen for early use were coming on ; large batches of Adiantum cune- atum and White Lady Heliotrope were all in a very healthy condition. The shelves were filled with Primulas and Cyclamens, every available space being utilised to advantage. No. 10. A stove temperature is here main- tained. Some remarkably fine pans of Ca;Io- gyne cristata, which Mr. Baker had under his care for many years previous to taking charge of Membland, were very noticeable. Calanthes in variety were largely grown. Batches of Euphorbia jacquiniceflora, small Crotons, Dipla- denias, Adiantums cuneatums and Farleyense, were all showing signs of good management. A fine lot of plants of Jasminum gracillimum, well set with flower-buds, and just coming into flower, are much esteemed here for their frag- rance and pure whiteness. It does not drop its flowers so readily as most Jasmines. In a line with these houses stands a range of pits, 70 feet long, used for forcing French Beans, &c. We now leave the walled garden and pass out to the back of the vineries on ground still higher, where exist two long ranges of span- roofed-houses, each range about 100 feet long, and each in six divisions, well adapted for the cuUvalion of Cucumbers, Melons, Tomatos, cS:c. No. 1 1 in these ranges is used as a propa- gating-house. No. 12. Anthuriums, Gardenias, and Bouvar- dias occupy this house at the present time, conspicuous being A. Andreanum, with a very fine and handsome spathe. This house at forcing time is devoted to the forcing of Roses, Lilacs, &c. No. 13. Filled with double white Primulas, flowering well, together with several of Gilbert's new varieties — Princess of Wales being the best of them. No. 14. Double Pelargoniums, of Wonderful and Raspail varieties — the latter being a splen- did thing, a very deep scarlet ; and Carnations W. P. Milner, best of Whites ; and Miss Joliffe, were all showing abundance of flower- buds. No. 15 was filled with French Beans in pots, Fulnier's Forcing still being a favourite here. No. 16. Devoted exclusively to Tomatos, Trentham Fillbasket being considered the best — Hathaway's Stamfordian Excelsior and Stam- fordian being the other varieties grown. Large crops had been taken from this house, and there yet remained a quantity of fair sized fruit. No. 17. A Cucumber-house just coining into bearing. Mr. Baker slicks to a cross between Sion House and Telegraph raised by himself, and which he considers the best that he knows, being specially adapted for winter culture. By the appearance of the fruit at that time I thought it a very distinct and desirable variety, and one that should be brought under public notice. No. iS was just being filled with pot Vines. This completes the list of houses, and here I may say that cleanliness and good management existed everywhere, as might be anticipated, as the gardener is one of our best men. The Kitchen Garden exhibited the same care bestowed upon it in the selection of varieties of vegetables suitable, and arrangement for a continuous supply throughout the season. Good specimens of Apple and Pear trees line the different walks intersecting the garden. The principal varieties of Pears that succeed here as pyramids are Fondante d'Automne, Gratioli of Jersey, Urbanist, Alexandre Lambre, Williams' Bon Chrdtien, and Louise Bonne of Jersey, this last doing exceptionally well. Pruning is not carried out so rigidly as in many places, no doubt conducing to fruitfulness in earlier stages of the tree. The north wall is covered with Morello Cherries, and the border with late autumn bearing Raspberries. At the head of the kitchen garden are borders for her- baceous plants in great variety. Beds of Lilies of the Valley were noticed as producing won- derfully fine crowns, and which are said to do so annually, the soil and position being such that they luxuriate in. Various additions and alterations are in contemplation to improve the gardens, and so long as Mr. Baring has a gar- dener like Mr. Baker, who has so long served and enjoyed the confidence of his employer both here and at Coombe to advise him in any fresh undertakings, there is no doubt but that Membland will retain its rank with the finest and best managed establishments in the kingdom. D. C. Powell. m ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI MELANO- CENTRUM, n. var. A VERY fine variety, which looks as if it had a black centre The top of the column and the whole o( iis front side have this colour. The lamellx of the base of the lip, and the bilamellate disc between them, are likewise blackish-purple, while the small anterior lamellce are orange, with a black-purple margin at the base. Sepals with a light purple wash on the middle line. Excepting the places mentioned the whole flower is white. Kindly forwarded from Mr. W. Bull, together with the fine variety aurantiacum //. G. Rchb.J. (These vniicties were shown at the last meeting of the I-'loral Comniillee. ) MAXILLAKIA KALliREVKKI {Kthb. /'), ;;. .'/.' This is a New Grenadan discovery of Mr. W. Kalbreyer, whose name it may bear. It comes near to Maxillaria vcnusia and ils allies, but the flower ii st much shor(er that I was reminded at first sight of Maxil- laria Candida, Lindl. This, however, has a dislinctl/ Ihree-lobed lip, and the callus stands tar more tow.ud^ the apex of the lip. I have only seen M. Candida in Dr. Lindley's Herbarium. The bulb of our plant is oblong-ancipitous, one-leaved, and about 2 inches in length and I in breadth. The leaf is oblong-ligulate, a span high, a good inch broad. Peduncles with some strong sheaths as in allied species. Bracts oblong cucullale acute, surpassing a little the ovaiy, which is one inch in length. Mentura angulate. Upper sepal and petals ligulate, acute, side sepals triangular acute, not much surpassing an inch, lightest greenish-white. Lip oblong-ligulate, blunt, tooth- letted on the anterior margins, a little broader towaids the base, lightest greenish-white, with some sordid mauve-purple outside on the superior margins, covered with meal from broken hairs in the usual manner. The callus itself is partly mealy, but ils triangular, naked, orange apex peeps out distinctly from the meal in the middle of the disc. I had excellent materials from Mr. Harry Veilch. H. G. Rchb. f. CHARLES DOWNING. The death of Mr. Charles Downing, of Newburgh, New York, took place on January iS, in the eighty- third year of his age, after a lingering illness, caused by a severe injury received in New York city two years ago, when he was knocked down by a horse car. In early life he was engaged with his brother, A. J. Down- ing, in the nursery business near Newburgh, New York. Many years after he retired from active business life, and took up his abode in the city of Newburgh, having a small garden attached to his house, where he devoted all his time to the study of fruits, living a very retired and quiet life. Being a man of great experience and in direct communication with all the leading horticulturists, pomologists, and nursery- men, he received large quantities of fruits from all parts of the country, thus enabling him to become on: of the greatest pomologists the world has ever known. The Fridls and Fruit Trees of Amciica, in ils present form, was really more the results of the labours of Mr. Charles Downing than of his brother, A. J. Downing. He added much new matter, the results of his own observation and experiments, finally completing a work which is considered of ih : highest authority on this subject, both in Englan 1 and America. Darwin, in his work on The Origin of Species, con- stantly quotes from this work of Chirles Downing in support of his own theories of " natural selection," and "evolution," and makes due acknowledgment of the aid and assistance he had received from his opportune discoveries. His conscientiousness was one of his most noticeable traits, and no nurserjman could ever induce him to over-praise any new fruits intro- duce, and it has been said of him that " there can be no other Charles Downing, as no other man can do for the fruits of America what he did." Mr, Downing never had any children. His wife died a few years ago. The Massachusetts Horticultural Society appointed a committee at its last meeting (January 24) to take action on his death. Ex-Presi. dent Wilder, chairman of the committee appointed to take action on his death, spoke at the meeting of January 31 in tender and touching words on the life and worth of the deceased. He recalled the fact that it was his sad du'y 10 pronounce the eulogy of his brother, Mr. A. j. Downing, since which lime the work in pomology had been conducted by Mr. Char.'es Downing. As a pomologist Mr. Downine was re- nowned for his knowledge and accuracy. Hisobjict was to make olhers happy in the enjoyment of the bounties of Nature. In closing he said, with detp emotion, that he expected soon to follow and rejoin him in another world. At the request of Mr. Wilder, the Secretary read a series of resolutions expressing the sense of loss in ihe death of the eminent pomologist, Mr. Downirig had a large collection of works on pomology, which ht • M.ixitlaria Kalbrcyeri.-k«. Ma.>rillati3; Candida;. Lindl. Folio angustiori ; jabello integerrimo obloogo-luu'a'o ■"?''"= furluracto; callo in disco superioii apice inangulo. N. Urenaaa. H. G. ReM.f. 240 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 21, 1885. intended to give to a Western agricultural college at his death. A portrait of Mr. Downing will be lound at p. 14a of our vol. i, lor 1875. THE NEW DAHLIAS OF 1885. Respecting these it may be stated that while the list of new varieties to be sent out by Mr. Turner is, if anything, considerably larger than usual, that of Messrs. Keynes & Co. is a little less ; but both lists include flowers that will not lessen the reputations of these firm^ for putting into cultivation varieties gene- rally acceptable to cultivators, and likely to maintain the interest in this favourite summer fiower. Th it there is no lack of interest in the Dahlia as an exhi- bition flower was abundantly shown at the' meeting of the National Dahlia Society at the Crystal Palace in September last. A very large number of flowers were staged, and it is with something like surprise we hear the rumour that this annual exhibition is in danger of being discontinued through want of funds, and especially as just now special societies appear to be more flourishing than those which encourage plants in general. It will be remembered that at the October meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society Messrs. Rawlings Brothers, of Romford, exhibited a number of seed- lings of their own raising, not in the best condition because the lateness of the season had induced a certain amount of roughness, but yet showing evidence of promise in another trial. These passed into the hands of Mr. Turner, and he has decided to send out the following from this batch in May next, viz.: — Mrs. Douglas, vivid scarlet, perfect in petal and form, good high centre, and an extra fine exhibition variety ; Mrs. Glasscock, a pure white self, of full size, good form and centre ; Mrs. Kendall, white ground, heavily tipped and edged with purple, a novel flower of full size and good form ; Harry Turner, rich black-maroon, extra fine form, and very constant ; T. J. Saltmarsh, yellow, deeply edged with red, finely cupped petals, and of decidedly novel charac- ter ; and William Dodds, orange-buff, petals broad, stout and circular, full size, and quite constant. In addition, Mr. Turner has the following new varieties raised by the Rev. C. Fellowes, Shottesham, for sending out in May, viz. :— Bugleman, dark maroon, shaded with bright crimson, fine petal and outline, very beautiful and novel ; Clarionet, a bright scarlet self, showy and constant ; Sybil, a bufif self flower of good form, and constant ; and Pandora, French white, ol good size, excellent form, and very constant. Messrs. Keynes & Co.'s new show varieties are Falcon, fawn colour, novel, pretty, a very neat and well-formed flower ; James Huntley, a fine bright rosy-purple self, novel in colour, very pleasing, large in size, and of fine form ; and Mrs. Langtry, cream colour, heavily edged wiih cherry, charming in colour, form all that can well be desired, and has received several First-class Certificates of Merit. The three foregoing are all of their own raising. Mr. Turner will send out the following new fancy varieties, viz. :— Charles Turner, pale buff ground striped with maroon, of great depth of substance, very constant, good centre, and a fine show variety ; Henry Eckford, yellow or light buff" ground, striped with scarlet, very constant ; and Mrs. Carter, a finely-shaped dark fancy, the ground colour dark maroon tipped with white, and extra fine. Messrs. Keynes & Co. will also send out three new fancy varieties, viz. : — General Gordon, a variety that will lake the same high rank among fancy flowers this year that Mrs. Gladstone did among the show varieties in 1884. The ground colour is yellow, and it is very handsomely striped with scarlet of a bright shade, which, with the brilliancy of the yellow, im- parts a very effective appearance to the flower ; it is of exquisite form, and very constant. It was Cer- tificated wherever shown last year, and it obtained the premier prize for the finest bloomer of the whole exhibition of the National Dahlia Society in 1S84. Neptune is an orange-ground flower striped with crimson, and likely to prove very useful as an exhi- bition variety. Romeo is a somewhat distinct variety, the ground colour buff, striped and speckled with crimson. This trio was raised by Messrs. Keynes &Co. O' new bouquet and single Dahlias there will no doubt be man) — of the latter especially, and o( these no information is obtainable at this early period of the year. R. D. VARIETIES OF NARCISSUS. Daffodil Rip Van Winkle.— This Daffodil was shown by Mr. Hartland, of Cork, before the Royal Horticultural Society at the last meeting, but as the specimens were grown under glass it was considered better to wait till flowers were produced in the open air before adjudicating on their merits. By some this is considered to be the true double Daffodil ; but a reference to our figure (fig. 44) shows such considerable differences that there can be no doubt as to its distinctness (rom that variety. It is very like the big double Daffodil, N. telamonius plenus, but is considerably smaller, and the segments are slightly toothed and whitish at the tips. Mr. Hartland himself considers it to be the Irish nanus, basing bis opinion upon the comparison of the bulbs of the two. " The colour of the flowers he describes as pale lemon-yellow, petals very double, and frilled." It is of very dwarf habit. Mr. Barr, in a "Stop Press Notice," inserted as an appendix to his Ye Narcissus or Daffodyl, says of Rip Van Winkle that "the colour of the flower is a very light canary-yellow, habit of the plant dwarf, early to bloom, and very dapper in its way among small rare Daffodils." Mr. Barr, moreover, promises " not to spare Master Rip Van Winkle if he has been posing himself as new when we strongly suspect he Fig. 44.— narcissus rip van winkle: flowers [canarv- VELLOW^ is our English pseudo- Daffodil, or Lent Lily, gone to sleep in his double form in the island of saints." Now is Mr. Barr's opportunity, but we do not think his suspicion is justified, but as the Narcissopbiles are apt to make very fine distinctions we are conscious that we are skating on thin ice. Botanically we stand on firm ground when we say that both are forms of Narcissus Pstudo-Narclssus I A melancholy signi- ficance attaches to another Daffjdil exhibited by Mr. Hartland, and called General Gordon, a cross between Ajax and Incomparabilis 1 Narcissus pachybulbos. We are indebted to Mr. Loder for the opportunity of figuring this interesting species (fig. 45), which he exhibited at the last meeting of the Scientific Com- mittee of the Royal Horticultural Society. It is an Algerian species, with a large thick bulb covered with brown lacerate scales, and trusses of white fragrant flowers. The plant is figured in Mr. Bur- bidge's work on the Narcissus, t. 39, apparently from dried specimens. In the fresh specimen, the flowers are all turned to one side. It was originally introduced by the late Mr. Giles Munby. Mr. Baker in our columns inclined to the view that it is but an African form of N. Tazeita, having a more sturdy habit of growth and very glaucous foliage, but as shown the other day it appeared sufficiently distinct. THE INFLUENCE OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT ON VEGETATION. The influence of direct sunlight on vegetation is generally known, but surely deserves to be a subject of special study. In the following paper we shall only endeavour to describe some facts with relation to _this influence. In the first place, the effect of the sun's rays in the tropical regions will be traced, and afterwards in the temperale and arctic zones. The constant high temperature within the tropics is the cause of the plants being less dependent on the direct solar heat than is the case in the greater part of the temperate and cold zones, but, notwithstanding this, there are plants even in the tropical regions requiring for a luxuriant growth the direct rays ol the sun. Of the tropical monocotyledonous plants, the Palms are doubtless the most important, and of these the Date Palm of the Sahara Desert (Phoenix dactylifera, L.) furnishes daily food to the inhabitants of this part of Africa. It is known that the subterranean wells are the only cause of vegetation in this desert. When a well is discovered, in a short time an oasis arises, and the Date Palm appears. Considering that the first condition for the growth of Palms is a humid soil wherein the roots may vege- tate there seems to be at first something strange in the fact of the Great Desert producing species of this family; but the Arabs say that this " Queen of the Oasis " puts her feet in water and her head in the fire of heaven ; and this is the cause of the rapid growth of the plant (Grisebach, Die Vegetation der Erde, Iheil ii., p. 87) ; the water ascends by the roots into the tissue of the tree, and communicates its tempera- ture to the inner parts, so that the influence of the sun's heat is tempered ; the evaporation of the plant also causes a lower temperature ; thus it withstands the difference of 98° (from 126° to 28°), as occurs in the desert (Martins, " Le Sahara," Revue des Deux Mondes, 1864, vol. Hi., p. 613). Though, as we have said above, these plants require, in the first place, water for their roots, the fact of the stems growing in their wild state at a considerable distance one Irom the other, and never forming dense forests, proves that they require also the light. But the Date Palm is indigenous to the Great Desert ; nowhere else does this plant vegetate so rapidly. When cultivated with success it is also in a desert climate, as, for instance, in that of Murcia in Spain (the Date forest of Elche), the highlands of Afghanistan, &c. The cause of its being without fruits in the Mediterranean is the dry summer, there being DO subterranean wells, as is the case in the Sahara. The Sugar-cane (Saccharum officinarum, L.) is also a plant requiring direct solar light ; moist cli- mates are disadvantageous to its cultivation. Thus the climate of China, with its heavy rains in May and June (Dove, Klimatoh^ische Beilrage, vol. i., p. 102), but less precipitation inautumn, when the (ruits[canes ?] ripen, is suited for the culture of this plant. It is known that the quantity of sugar depends on the quan- tity of sunshine. Turning to the warm temperate zone we see the species of Citrus cultivated in the sunny climate of Southern Italy, and even by cultivation produce the delicious fruits generally known, because they are in summer under the almost constant influence of the sun's rays in open localities. In the Malayan penin- sula the supposed native country of these plants, they also grow in open spaces and not in the jungles, re- quiring a moist soil, but also the solar light, to ripen their fruits ; this explains why the finest and largest Oranges are obtained when the trees are trained against walls, as is the case in some parts of Southern England. The Vine (Vitis vinifera, L.) is also a plant requir- ing heat in the after summer to ripen its fruits ; the climate of Southern France and Italy is therefore well adapted for its cultivation. In the continental climate of Bokhara in Turkestan (40° N. lat.), with its hot summers (in the sandy desert on the Oxus River the soil was found to have a temperature of 144' — Basiner, Reise diirch die Kin^isensteppe nach Chiwa, the plant is cultivated in the open fields ; its winter covering is not taken off before the end of March, but in April the temperature is already very high, and in July it becomes insupportable ;* the fruit of the " Mean temperature at Samarkand, lat. 39^ 39', in 1881 ; — April, 61 ; May, 70^; June, 77"; July. 81°; Auf;Uit,77°; September. 68° ; and December, z8'. tvlean temperalure at 1 p.m. in June, 86° : in July, 93° ; in Au;;ust, 92° ; in September, 8r'. February zi, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 241 Vine ii ripe by the end of June or the beginning o( July. The soil is moistened here by artiticial irriga- tion. A climate with sud ien changes of temperature, as, for instance, in the United States, does not suit this plant. On the bmks of the Ohio River the fruits are rotten, or fall down, before they are ripe, not- withstanding that the mean temperature of all the months at Cincinnati is higher than at Pesth in Austria ; but the American species are cultivated with success. In California, with its equal temperature, the Vine is cultivated, though the mean temperature at San Francisco is much lower than in Europe in the same latitude ; but the dry Californian summer is not to be found throughout the United States, where heavy rains occur at this season. Everywhere, in the warm as well as in the tem- perate regions, corn is cultivated with success where there is in summer direct sunlight enough to ripen its grains ; on the highlands of Afghanistan, in China, on the plains of Southern Russia, on the highlands of >rexico. &c. — for these plants require also the direct solar warmth. On highlands, the influence of insolation is very much increased. At Leh, in Tibet, altitude about 12,000 feet, the thermometer rose in July, in the sun, to I44.\ and in mid-winter to 84^, though the mean summer temperature is only 61°, and that of the winter 16°.* Barley is sown about May iS, and har- vested on September 12 ; but in the valley of Pituk (altitude about 11,000 feet) Barley was sown and harvested in two months. Nature. (To be continued.^ KILIMANJARO. At a meeting of the Royal Geographical Society, held recently, Mr. H. H. Johnston gave a descrip- tion of his visit to Kilimanjaro, on the slopes of which he spent more than five months in the summer and autumn of last year, Kilimanjaro ss a snow-clad mountain in Eastern tropical Africa, and the investi- gation of whose flora may be expected to yield results of great interest to science and to horticulture. Mr. Johnston told how, after some difficulties, he began the ascent of the mountain. He and his porters crossed the cultivated zone, which ended at about 5500 feet in that part, entered a healthy district with pleasant grassy knolls and many streams of running water, and encamped beside a lovely Fern-choked brook at 6500 feet, the whole ascent being very gradual. The following day they passed through stunted forest, not unlike an English woodland, where the trees, how- ever, were hung with unfamiliar Ferns and creepers, and where deliciously-scented parasitic Begonias trailed their pink flower-bells from branch to branch. The Dracaena, which is cultivated by the Wa-Chagga to form hedges, here grow wild. Tree Ferns were abundant and handsome. Above 7000 feet the Orchilla moss draped the forest trees in long gay festoons. At 9000 feet they encamped for the night by a small spring of water in the midst of a grand bit of forest, not of that stunted character which marked the lower woods. The next day they walked several miles eastward to find a good place for settlement close to water, and not too high up, so that his shivering followers might not suffer unreasonably from cold. He selected an admirable spot on a grassy knoll rising above the river of Kilema, which takes its source near [the base of Kimawenzi. The altitude of this spot was nearly 10,000 feet. Having seen everyone carefully installed and protected from the — to them — severe cold (for the thermometer descended every night to 1° or 2° below freezing point), he transferred his own quarters to a higher elevation, and began industriously to collect. His first excursion was to the base of Kimawenzi. The terrible hurricane of wind, however, that raged round this jagged series of lava peaks, prevented him from continuing the ascent, although he doubted if it were possible for any one to reach the summit, owing to the want of foothold. The snow varied very much in quantity on Kimawenzi. Some- times the whole peak would be covered down to the parent ridge, with only the precipitous rocks peeping blackly through the mantle of white. At other periods the snow would be reduced to an insignificant patch, and the reddish sand which filled the crevices and glissades between the lava rocks would be left exposed to view. This change from an * Frost is observed in September, and lasts till the end of May. See Moorcroft, Travels in the Himalayan Provinces. almost complete snow-cap to nearly no snow at all might be efi*ected in twelve hours. His great object, however, was to reach the snows, and, if possible, the summit of Kibo. Starting at 9, he walked upwards with few stoppages until i 30. At first they crossed grassy undulating hillocks, the road being fairly easy. Then they entered a heathy tract, scorched and burnt with recent bush-fires ; but higher up, where the blaze had not reached, the vegetation was fairly abundant and green. Small pink Gladioli studded the ground in numbers. At an altitude of nearly 13,000 feet bees and wasps were still to be seen, and bright little sun-birds darted from bush to bush, gleaning their repast of honey. Mounting high above the rivulet the scenery became much harsher. Vegetation only grew Fig. 45. — NARCISSUS pachvbulbos ; flowers white, FRAGRANT. Fig. 4*!.— the true wild double daffodil, for comparison with fig. 44. in dwarfed patches as they passed the altitude of 13,000 feet, and the ground waj covered with boulders more or less big, apparently lying in utter confusion, and without any definite direction. They were not very difi&cult to climb over, and even seemed to act as irregular stone steps upwards. In their interstices Heaths of the size of large shrubs grew with a certain luxuriance. About 13,700 feet he saw the last resi* dent bird, a kind of stonechat apparently. It went in little cheery flocks, and showed such absence of fear that he had to walk away from it before shooting to avoid shattering his specimen. After this, with the exception of an occasional great high-soaring kite or great-billed raven, he saw no other bird. Throughout this ascent, which was easy to climb, he suffered absolutely nothing from want of breath or mountain sickness, although bis thre? Zanzibar! fol? lowers lagged behind, panting and exhausted, and complained much of their lurgs and head. " Mount- ing up a few hundred feet higher than the last stop- ping-place," Mr. Johnston said, "and rounding an unsuspected and deep ravine, I arrived close to the base of a small peak which had been a continual and useful point to aim at during the whole journey from my station. I was now on the central connecting ridge of Kilimanjaro, and could see a little on both sides, though the misty state of the atmosphere pre- vented my getting any good view of the country. The highest point I attained on Kilimanjaro was 16,315 feet. I thus came within a little more than 2000 feet of the summit, which is usually estimated to reach an altitude of iS.Soo feet." He made other ascents during the month he was in high altitudes. The footprints and other traces of buffaloes were seen up to 14,000 feet, but he never caught sight of one of the creatures, nor did he see any of the big antelopes, which also wander up to the snow line. At a height of 13,000 feet he saw three elephants, and at night the shrill trumpeting of these animals could be heard round the station. On October iS he found himself, most unwillingly, obliged to leave the elevated settlement and return to Taveila. The relatively great cold they had experienced had acted very unfavourably on his men's health, and he feared that a longer delay might render them quite unfitted to carry burdens. Their downward journey, part of the way through trackless bush and dense dank forest, was not without adventure and some reward in scenery of great beauty. The average elevation of this country was between 8000 and 7000 feet, and the temperature consequently almost cool, ranging from 43° at night to 70° in the mid-day warmth. After some four hours' walking from their camp they crossed the long ridge that marked the southern flank of Kimawenzi, and began to descend the eastern slope of the moun- tain. Soon they emerged on a kind of heath-like country, and then looked forth on a splendid view, stretching from Mwika to the mountains of Bura and Ukambani (the Kiulu range), with Jipe on one hand and the River Tzavo on the other. After some enjoy- able excursions from his settlement at Taveita, he made a rapid journey to the coast by way of Fare, Usambara, and the Rufu River to Pangani. At Zan- zibar, finding there were no fresh funds to enable him to return to Kilimanjaro, he paid off" the last of his faithful followers and took his passage on the British India steamer to Suez in quite a sulky frame of mind, as sorry to leave his beautiful mountain as many people are to quit England. Travelling over- land from Suez he arrived in London not much more than six weeks after he had caught his last glimpse of the snows of Kilimanjaro. DISEASE OF RHODODENDRON ROOTS. The Scientific Committee (see p. 219 ante) must have arrived at an erroneous conclusion in regard to the roots infested with fungi, sent for examination by the Rev. J. T. Boscawen. The material described by the committee as " roots, which appeared to have decayed through wet," and amongst which "no fun- goid growths could be detected," included the hyber- nating mycelium, in profuse quantities, of the fungus known to mycologists as Xylaria vaporaria, B. This mycelium, which is really in a sclerotioid or compact and hybernating condition, entwines amongst the roots, and exactly (on a superficial examination) resembles entwined root masses. It is always more or less *' wet," and exudes drops of water on being broken. Some persons would consider the root-like growth of this curious mycelium to be an example of ' ' mimicry " or " protective resemblance ; " the latter quality, per- haps, last week, saved the fungus from desiccation and incarceration in one of the national herbaria. These "wet roots " have often been sent to the Gardeners' Chronicle ofiice for a name. They have been artificially grown in damp sand, first by the late Mr. Frederick Currey, and afterwards by Mr. C. E, Broome and myself. The perfect Xylaria appears after the mycelium has rested for about three months. The only way to get rid of this fungus is to pull out all the " roots " and burn them. In some instances I have known this sclerotioid mycelium to be so pro- fuse and destructive in gardens that the gardeners have pulled out the cords of mycelium by yards, and carted them away in barrows for destruction by fire, W* G. Smith , 242 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [FEr.RUARY 21, 1SS5. — ♦— REMARKABLK TREES ON THE PENRHYN ESTATE. In our Forest papers it has frequently been asserted Ihat the Larch is not suited for bog planting ; but this is a mistake, and certainly not borne out by the testimony of the tree itself, as apart from the speci- mens in question the finest Larch I have ever seen are growing in deep peat bog, on an estate in the North of Ireland. In such soil the Larch is also remarkably free from the various diseases to which, more especially of late years, it seems particularly susceptible, and which have lowered it in the estima- tion of landed proprietors and planters in general, and so caused the now well-known outcry of "a substitute for the Larch." Remarkable not so much for individual size, but as being planted by Royalty and other distinguished personages, are a number of trees near the lawn-tennis ground between the Castle and flower garden. The first of these is a well fur- nished and very symmetrical specimen of the Mam- moth tree (Sequoia gigantea), planted on October 17, 1S59, by Her Majesty the Queen, and which has now attained a height of over 40 feet, the stem girthing 6 feet 9 inches at 3 feet, and 6 feet i inch at 5 feet. A Turkey Oak, also planted by Her Majesty on the same date, is 33 feet in height, with a stem girthing at 3 and 5 feet 33 inches and 31 inches respectively. Another Oak (English), planted on the same day by ILR.H. Prince Arthur, girths 18 inches at 3 feet up, and 16 inches at 5 feet. Close to the latter is a Nordmann's Fir (Abies Nordmanniana), planted in 1S57 by Sir James McGarel Hogg, Ihe girths at 3 and 5 feet being 4 feet 2 inches and 3 feet II inches respectively, and the height 50 feet. A Sequoia planted by the Lady Hogg in 1S57 has, however, far outgrown any of the others, iDeing now rather more than double the girth of the Nordmann Fir planted by Sir James Hogg in the same year. This tree is also the tallest of its kind on the estate, although as regards girth of stem it is inferior to one or two others. The total height is now fully 60 feet, and the bole girths 8 feet 8 inches at 3 feel, and 7 feet 8 inches at 5 feet. Here also is a well-branched specimen of the Red- wood (Sequoia sempervirens) planted in 1S57 by the L dy Penrhyn, and which has attained the height of 47 feet, and a girth of stem at 3 feet of 6 feel 9 inches, and at 5 feet of 6 feet. A fine group of the upright Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens, var. fastigiala), eight in number, and with stems girthing from 3 to 4 feet at a yard up, next attracts attention, these trees being amongst evergreen shrubs what the Lombardy Poplar is amongst timber trees— a fine contrast to the more spreading and round-headed forms. Although of rather formal growth, and imparting a somewhat gloomy air to the situation which it occupies, yet the deep evergreen branches and leaves, laden as they usually are with clusters of large round cones, render this Cypress a favourite with most planters, more especially for using alongside buildings where the pre- vailing lines are horizontal. Not far from these, at the bottom of the lawn, are a number of Lebanon Cedars, some of which were raised from seed sent from the Lebanon forest in 1859. Strange to say, these latter approach in structure and general appear- ance so nearly to the Ailantic Cedar (Cedrus atlantica) that they would readily pass for that species ; indeed it is difficult to find distinctive characters for these trees, the main difference lying in the foliage of the latter, which is shorter and of a more glaucous green or silvery hue than that of the Lebanon Cedar. The Atlantic Cedar is of a more erect pyramidal habit than that usually assumed by the Lebanon species — ihi-; being very noticeable in the specimens under consiJeiation. A few trees growing in front of the kitchen garden must not be omitted, notably fine specimens of the Aleppo or Jerusalem Pine (Pinus halepensis), the Cephalonian Fir (Abies cephalonica), and the Golden Larch (Pseudo-Larix Kxmpferi). Amongst these the Jerusalem Pine is the most re- markable, not only as being a tree that is rarely seen in Britain but one that has been falsely represented as being of too tender a constitution for our climate generally. The tree in question is 45 feet in height, with a stem girthing, at 3 and 5 feet, 4 feet 5 inches and 4 'eet respectively ; and although growing in a lOmenlat bietzy situation has kept pace with the Austrian and other trees in its close vicinity. Abies cephalonica and A. Pinsapo, growing nearly side by side, are very'distinct and ornamental Firs, the former especially having been quite enlivened during the past summer with its numerous purple, resin-streaked cones. The Golden Larch is a very ornamental Conifer, the leaves being of a beautiful pale green when young, but before falling off in the autumn they assume a fine golden-yellow hue. This is the only deciduous species among golden Conifers, and, at the same time, one of the largest in growth. Not far from these, and grow- ing in poor shingly soil, is a well proportioned speci- men of Lambert's Cypress (Cupressus Lambertiana), the horizontal branches of which, well laden with glossy cones, are at all times attractive. It is fully 50 feet in height, with a stem girthing 4 feet 4 inches at 3 feet, and 4 feet 2 inches at 5 feet up. A short distance from the entrance gate at Port Penryhn are several of the newer Conifer?e with goodly proportions, amongst which is a well-fur- nished plant of the Japan Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), 52 feet in height, and girthing 4 feet 6 inches at 3 feet, and 4 feet 2 inches at 5 feet up. Growing nearly opposite this is a densely branched and well proportioned Araucaria imbricata, that shows well the gracefully drooping branches with up- curved tips, which is so striking a peculiarity of some of these trees. The Bhotan Pine (Pinus excelsa) also does well, as a specimen but a few yards from the latter tree clearly shows. At a yard up it is 5 feet 6 inches, and at 5 feet 5 feet 3 inches in circumference of stem, and has a height of 61 feet. Many old Thorn trees, real relics of the past, are scattered throughout the park, and which during early summer display a wealth of bloom that is both ornamental and conspicuous. Several of these, notably such as are the remnants of demolished fences, are of unusual dimensions ; one in particular, growing on the southern side of the Ogwen River, and within a short distance of the park wall, has a girth of stem at 3 feet up of 9 feet 6 inches, and a height of over 30 feet. Close to this tree are several others of the same kind and of nearly the same dimensions, some in full vigour, others gnarled and half decayed, while not a few are, as it were, amalgamated with other trees, notably the Oik, Ash, and Elm. A. D. Webster. {To he continued,) vegetable list for private demands they are highly esteemed ; and doubtless, if introduced into the markets, they would be in demand ; at least, I have found it to be so when I had a super- abundance and a surplus quantity beyond what I required. G. T. Miles. VEGETABLE MARROW CUL- TURE UNDER GLASS. Tins very popular edible can be had fit for use during the months of May and June in this way, but will its cultivation prove to be remunerative in a com- mercial point of view ? I predict that it can be made so, although my practical experience in the matter is not sufficient to confirm it, as my requirements have been only of a private and limited nature ; but this is a matter well worth the attention of our enterprising market growers, and which they could readily solve by devoting a house to this particular subject. It is not very many years since the Tomato, now a most popular edible, was but rarely cultivated under these conditions, and I am inclined to believe, from my personal experience with this subject, the Vegetable Marrow, that it would be as remunerative as a house of Cucumbers is during the same season ; and for this reason I submit the problem to the consideration of those whom it may be more likely to concern, and with this view give my experience, which now extends over four seasons, as to its cultivation in this manner. We sow seeds in the early part of February, and rear the plants in the same way as Cucumber plants until they become of a good size, when they are partially hardened in a more temperate house, and sub- sequently planted out in hillocks of moderately en- riched soil, containing about 2 bushjls in each. In private establishments they have to be accommodated in those houses where space and trellis room— as they require a good run— can be found for them. Any house, or the back wall of it, can be employed, providing sun and light can get to them, wherein a temperature of 50° 'o 55° a' night, and of 60' or 65° in the daytime is maintained. I have had them both in mid-summer vineries and intermediate Peach-houses, where they succeeded to my satisfaction in every way, giving them the same treatment with regard to stopping, training, and setting the fruit, as is applied in the ciise of Cucumber plants, As an addition to tha ^rcl^td l^otcs and llcaninp. l.^-:lia acuminata. This species is now being imported, and sold at a cheap rate, but it is not greatly valued by the fanciers, and although not a showy plant by any means, it is of a neat, compact habit, does not take up much room, and flowering as it does in De- ceniber and January, we value it greatly for producing cut flowers ; I grow it in pots in the Cattleya- house. The flowers are of small size, produced in clusters ; the sepals and petals, as well as the Hp, are white, with the exception of a daik blotch on the base of the lip. L.l^LIA AUTUMNALIS AND L. MAJALIS are both being imported and sold at cheap rates. I have potted a number of them ; their treatment is rather different from the ordinary run of L?elias. I place them in a house 5° cooler than the Catlleya- house, and they are also placed in a position where they get plenty of light ; they are scarcely shaded from the sun even in summer. While growing they receive plentiful supplies of water ; at other times they are kept comparatively dry. Plants like these, that are frequently exposed to the direct rays of the sun in summer, are apt to suffer, if they happen to be neglected when they require water for a few hours. If they could get the right treatment, there is no reason why they should not flower as well here as they do in their own wild home. L. majalis seems to do well on blocks. L. autumnalis should be potted in the usual way. The plants alluded to were sold as the atro- rubens variety. This is brighter in colour than the ordinary form, but both are handsome. The flowers are produced earlier than those of L. anceps. 7. Douglas. Dendrobium speciosum. In a note in the Gardeners^ Chronicle of Feb, 7, p. iSo, mention is made of a fine Dendrobium specio- sum, bearing three spikes of bloom, and it is also mentioned as being a shy bloomer ; this is a rock Orchid, and if properly treated it should not be shy to bloom. A plant here has been in the vineries for many years, and it flowers every year. We never think of a miss year, and we are all anxious to count the number of spikes it is showing as soon as the new year arrives. The plant measures nearly a yard in diameter. It has just gone out of bloom after carrj- ing seventeen spikes, this being regarded as a mini- mum quantity, as three years since it bore thirty tine spikes. Bat to obtain this I put the plant in the warmest place in the vinery, and as soon as it shows signs of growth it is given plenty of water ; and when thegrowth iscompleted — which is some time in July — the plant remains in the warm place, in the full sun; and never gets any wa'er un il it levins to show signs of flowering in the new year. This it will do readily, many of the stems throwing two spikes each — on one occasion one stem threw three spikes. In one of the years I spent in the Horticul- tural Gardens at Chiswick — I think it was the year 1S47 — a large plant flowered there after such treat- ment by a Mr. Harris, now gardener to Lord Halifax, in a stove in the experimental ground. Dr. Lindley was delighted with this plant, and ordered it to be exhibited at the Horticultural Rooms, 21, Regent Street. The superintendent said this was impossible, it could not be got out of the house, the doors not being big enough. Dr. Lindley then said '* T:\ke the I roof off," and part of it was taken otT, and the plant exhibited at the Regent Street rooms. What has be- come of that plant now 7 It deserved a home at Kew, William Culvenvell^ Thorpe Pemnv. Cattleya chocoknsis. In your notice of Cattleya chocoensis you do not mention the chief reason for which I prize it, which is for its exquisitely delicate perfume. It also has ihe merit of flowering in mid-winter. Another very February 31, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 243 favourite plant of mine, now in flower, is Epidendrum ciliare. I cannot say much for its beauty. At night its rich but not oppressive scent cannot be surpassed, and I have it in the drawing-room for five or six weeks every winter when in flower. Another very sweet-scented winter-flowering Orchid is Epidendrum varicosum. C, IV. Sinil-httd. CVRTOPODIUM CARDIOCHILUM. A very curious Orchid, with elongated pseudobulbs 3 feet high, bearing linear lanceolate recurved leaves, and erect branching many-flowered racemes proceed- ing from the base of the pseudobulbs. The flowers are yellow, each about i^ inch long, with three rounded yellow sepals ; lateral petals of the same size and colour, but shortly stalked ; lip 3-lobed, side lobes erect roundish, central lobe spoon-shaped. The native country is unknown. It requires to be grown in fibrous loam, with a little rotten dung, and to be kept in the East India house. Dexdrociuxe cruentum. A species with slender erect pseudobulbs, from the joints of which, near the upper part, arise flowers each about 2 inches long by \h broad, with broadly ovate lanceolate green sepals, the lateral petals very narrow, green ; the lip 3-lobed, the side lobes short, erect, crimson, central lobe ovate acute, with a green centre, crimson edges with a central red callus. Native of the Malay peninsula. Orchid Alhiim^ t. 174. It requires a hot and dry rest from October till April. CiRROPETALUM PICTURATUM. A singular Orchid, with small ovoid pseudobulbs, solitary leaves, and erect scape, bearing an umbel of long greenish flowers, the median sepal and small petals red spotted, the two lateral sepals united and prolonged into a long sleeve-like tube. Native of Moulmein, Bot, Mag.^ t. 6S02. L.liLIA PEDUNCULARIS. Pseudobulbs small, sub-globose, with a solitary oblong leaf and a terminal erect raceme of flattish s!ar*shaped flowers, each about 2\ — 3 inches across, with narrow sepals and rather broader petals of a rosy-lilac colour. The lilac lip is 3-lobed, the two side lobes short, erect, the central lobe oblong, throat magenta coloured. Mexico. Mr. Williams, in the Orchid Albiun^ t. 1 73, recommends this to be grown in the Cattleya-house in a basket near Jhe glass. DfiNDROBlUM SPECIOSUM. A notice is made^ in your impression of February 7, p. iSo, of the flowering of this species at The Mount, Sevenoaka. We have a plant in bloom here (Park Place, Henley-on-Thames), with eleven spikes, producing collectively 63S flowers. There are two other spikes not yet developed, George Stanton, Path Place Gardens. Can you furnish me with any information regarding the cones? I shall be much obliged if you can. Andrciv Eioart^ Aloniack Gardens^ Beauly^ THE CEDARS OF REELICK. In reference to the paragraph on these trees that appeared a short time since, I beg to say that *' W. C." is quite correct about the Indian Cedar (Cedrus Deodara). The large one in the centre of the grounds referred to by Mr. Cruthers was planted by McCallum, as he says ; and Miss Fraser, of Rebeg, tells me they were brought from India by her uncle, J. B. Fraser, Esq., last male heir of Keelick. This tree Miss Fraser says was grown a number of years in a "pot before planting it, and when planted the ball was left entire, and consequently the roots never got away right into the soil. But we have four better specimens in front of the house ; they seem to have been better planted ; they are in good health, and better furnished with branches. But the Cedrus Libani — I am sure there is a mistake about them. So far as Miss Fraser can remember they were planted by her grandfather, Edward S. Fraser, of Reelick, father of the late J, B. Fraser. As near as we can go, some of them had been planted about the year 1749 — 50 ; that makes some of them 130 years old. We have this year on some of them a fine lot of cones, and I shall be very glad if any person will give me a hint when to harvest them. They are still sticking on the trees, and I am very anxious to try the seed. RORAIMA. A TELEGRAM has been received at Kew giving the welcome news that Mr. Everard F. im Thurn has at last ascended Roraima. This has been the cherished object of botanical exploration in South America for the last quarter of a century. The expenses of Mr. im Thurn's expedition have been borne in equal shares by the Government grant of the Royal Society and the Royal Geograpical Society. The latest news from Mr. im Thurn was in a letter dated December 6, from the south side of the moun- tain, and the following passage, cited from Nature^ describes the position immediately before the final attack : — " Before we came to Roiaima itself we had four days walking tlirough a purely savannah, but most glorious country, and over splendid mountain passes, guided by an Arecoona who said, villain that he is, that he knew the way to Roraima. But at a village marked on the map as Tpelemonta on the Aroopa River, and with a con- siderable mountain pass still between us and Roraima, our villain guide at last admitted that the road for some distance had been quite new to him, and that he now knew not how to proceed further. However, at last we procured a guide and came, in some four hours, out of our difltculties at Tjielemonta (Its real name, by the way, is Toorarking), into this inconceivably magnificent valley, and are installed in a village on the actual southern slopes of Roraima itself. " Yesterday Perkins and I ascended the slope of Roraima to a height of 5600 feet to a most beautiful spot— a very garden of Orchids and most beautiful and strange plants. To-morrow after despatching the bearer of this scrawl, we go up to the same place with a lot of Arecoonas, who are to build us a house, in which we in- tend to stop for a week or as much longer as we may find desirable. I may meniion that we have already seen, close to where our house is to be, a place where the mountain seems accessible ; but it looks so easy that I am convinced that it is impossible at that point." JhE pF^OPAQATOR. BERTOLONIAS. The Beitolonias form a small but most effective and beautiful group of variegated plants. Their leaves are delicately and beautifully veined or spotted with silvery-white, or pink, or purple, and are shown to great advantage, especially in small choice collections, because of the plant's diminutive growth, while in larger collections it is much prized as an ornamental plant. The stock can always be kept healthy and beautiful if propagation is attended to, and any old and unsightly plants can be thrown away. Bertolo- nias can be propagated from cuttings and from leaves, but can also be raised from seed. If the plants are to be raised from seed it will be necessary to fertilise two or three flowers on each plant for three or four days in succession, to ensure good seed. They should then be removed to a part of the house beyond the range of the syringe, but as near the light as possible. Directly the seeds are ripe they should be cleaned from the pod and sown, for which purpose well drained 4S-size pans should be prepared. The soil should be composed of equal parts of yellow loam, peat, leaf-mould, and river-sand, to which should be added small quantities of chopped sphagnum moss, charcoal broken into pieces of hazel- nut size, and ballast or finely broken potsherds. This mixture should be passed through a fine sieve, and in filling the pans the soil should be raised 2 inches above the top, and mnde to slope gradually to the rim. After the seed has been thinly sown upon the surface the pans should be placed in a cutting case upon a gentle bottom-heat, and as near the light as possible. They should be watered as soon as they become dry, and a little air must be left on the case both night and day ; Ihey should, however, be shaded from the sun. When the seedlings have put forth three or four small leaves they should be pricked off into thimble- pots. They must then be replaced in the cutting case, where they must be sprinkled with a fine-rose pot both night and morning, and shaded from the sun, and if the case be a very close one the light should be raised an inch and never shut down. The seed- lings will again he treated in this manner after thay have been potted into thumb-pots, which will be done as soon as they are strong enough, but after they have been potted into 6o's the quantity of air should be increased from i to 2 inches. As soon as the plants have become established in this size pot ihey should be taken out of the case and placed upon a front platform, which should be covered with a layer of sifted ashes. They can be potted again when neces- sary, although as a rule they do not require much pot room, a large 4S being the size they generally develope in. They should always be well supplied with water at the roots, but should not in any case be syringed overhead during sunshine. From Cuttinc.s, Top shoots make the best cuttings, although the plants can be propagated from single eyes. The plants selected for cutting purposes should have the top shoots taken ofi", each one having two well developed leaves upon it, and should be potted into long thumb pots. Each cutting should be firmly pressed into the soil and a little silver sand should be placed at the base of each one. For single eyes, pieces between half an inch and an inch, having two leaves attached, can be taken off the old plants. Each piece must be made into two cuttings, and this is done by splitting the main stem down the centre so as to have one leaf and eye upon each piece. The cuttings should now be put in and pressed firmly into the soil up to the eye, and to each one a stick should be placed, to which the leaf should be tied in as erect a position as possible. They must be well watered before putting in the frame, but when they have been placed there they must be watered with a fine-rose pot night and morning, at which times they should also be given a little ventilation. They must be shaded from the sun. When the plants have well rooted through, more ventilation should be given them, in fact the light of the case should be raised i inch in front and behind, and left so night and day until the plants are thoroughly established, and then they should be potted into small 6o*s. They must be watered and placed back in the frame as near the light as possible, and there they should remain unlil they are strong enough to be potted into large 48'»-. They must again be placed in the case, but more air should be given them until at length they are hardy enough to be stood out upon the open platform of the house. The plants should at all times be carefully watered at the roots, but they should never be syringed overhead during sunshine ; air should be given them upon all mild days, and they should be lightly shaded from the sun. From Leaves. The oldest leaves upon the plant should be selected for this purpose, because none but well developed leaves are likely to lead to a good result. The leaf- stalk should be cut off close to the leaf, which should now be turned over, and the midrib and the side ribs of it must be notched with a sharp knife about every half inch ; the ribs must not, however, be cut right through. Well drained pans should have been pre- viously prepared for the leaves. The soil, similar to that previously named, should be pressed very firmly into the pans, and well watered before they are used. The under-side of the leaf should touch the soil, to which it should be loosely pegged. A little dry silver-sand should be lightly sprinkled over the upper surface of the leaves before they are put in the cutting-case. Here they must be placed upon a gentle bottom-heat, and air given them for an hour at night and in the morning. They should also be shaded from the sun, and watered as they become dry. When the young plants which will be formed upon the leaves have grown half an inch high they should be taken off and potted into thimble-pots. They can then be treated in the same manner as the seedlings. The old leaves will continue to produce young plants for some time, they should therefore be taken care of. Bcrtolonia Van Ilouttei is one of the most distinct and beautiful of these plants, and can be freely pro- pagated from leaves. The following varieties must not by any means be overlooked, viz., B. Mirandei, B. guttata, B. margaritacea splendeus, B. marmorala, and B. superbissima. They all make lovely table plants, and when propagated freely can well be spared for such work. 7. 0„ 244 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 21, 1885. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Monday, Feb. 33 , at Stei Tuesday, Feb. 34- Wednesday, Feb. 55 \ Thursday, Feb. 26 | r Friday. Feb. 27 .; I Saturday, Feb -i Sale of s^oo Lilium auratun Rooms. „ , . . Special Sale of Flowering,' Orchids, and a sale of Camellias, Azaleas, and Roses, at Protheroe & Morris' City Auction Rooms. Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. Sale of Lilium auralum, Roses, and Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Clearance Sale of Nursery stock at the Mount Pleasant Nursery, by i'rothenn- & Morris. Sale of Imported Orchids, at Stevens' Rooms. Sale of Imported and Established Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms Sale of the Lease and Stock, at the Lord- ship Nursery, Wood Green, by Protheroe & Morris. General Meeting of the Royal Botanic Society. „ „ Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. lime alone, is able to grow large crops of roots without a direct supply of nitrogen in manure — than he has in the explanation sometimes put forward, that plants with large leaves take their nitrogen from the atmosphere. THE Tillage of the Soil constitutes one of the most essential elements in the successful germination and cultivation of young plants, and the gardener who sows his small seeds in an imperfectly pulverised soil is only throwing away time and money. The influence of soil upon the quantity of seed necessary to be sown is accounted for by the fact that in rich garden mould more or stronger stems will be thrown up from each plant-root than if the soil be poor. To make up for this deficiency, and also to enable the crop more thoroughly to search for food, a greater number of plants is necessary, and a larger allowance of seed is the consequence. The depth most desirable for the germination of seed depends to a very great extent upon the closeness and adhesive character of the soil ; the seed should be planted in that position which will secure to it such a supply of moisture, warmth, and air as will most rapidly promote healthy germination. It is clear that these con- ditions cannot be secured in soils of different texture at one uniform depth, and that this can only be safely decided by local exprerience. The lighter and more loamy the soil the gar- dener has to deal with, the more important he will find it to sow his seeds at a considerable depth, as this not only favours the stability of the plant, but enables the small root-fibrils to obtain their necessary supply of moisture ; the stronger and more clayey the soil, the greater the necessity for keeping near the surface. In clay soils seed should be sown as a rule whilst the land is as dry as possible ; it will be sure to receive moisture from the fall of rain ; but wetness in adhesive soils causes the par- ticles to bind together to the prejudice of the crop. As the soils we have to cultivate assume a lighter texture there is less objection to working them when wet ; in some cases, indeed, this even becomes essential in order to give the soil the required firmness, and the seed a sufficiency of moisture. When a proper degree of tilth has been obtained and the seed sown, the introduction of atmospheric air beneath the surface of the soil by means of the hand-hoe and similar implements cannot be too frequent. For as the majority of garden outdoor seeds are sown in early spring their growth takes place at a time of year which is not only very favourable for active nitrification of the soil, but the soil is also less exposed to the loss of the soluble nitric acid by excess of rain. Seeds sown in the spring and early summer have still one other advantage : nitric acid con- tains an immense amount of oxygen, and as it is only those particles of carbon which are close to the surface of the soil that can have access to oxygen, the constant stirring which a soil should receive during the early growih of plants is doubtless the means of continually exposing fresh surfaces to the action of atmo- spheric air, and so providing the young plants with food easily to be assimilated. Sir J. B. LaWES says, in an article on the " Action of Manures," he has more faith in these several causes being sufficient to explain the reason why mineral manure, or even phosphate of Dr. Regel.- — This indefatigable botanist has been nominated by the Emperor of Brazil a member of the Order of the Rose Changes in the Botanical Depart- ment, Jamaica. — Mr. George Syme, formerly Superintendent at the Castleton Botanic Gardens, has resigned his appointment, and returned to Eng- land.— Mr. Hart, Superintendent, King's House Gardens, tS:c., has been appointed to the charge of Castleton Botanic Gardens. — Mr. Elliott, late Superintendent at the Parade Garden, has been appointed to King's House. Political Floriculture.— Our, as we thought, wholly impartial and innocent allusion to this subject, has brought down upon us explosions from Canons, thunders from Exeter Hall, pro- tests from Radicals, growls from Tories, explana- tions from M.P.'s — a pretty good proof, we imagine, that there cannot tie much to complain of in reality. We deprecated, and still do, the prac- tice of making flowers of any kind the badges of party politics or rehgious sects, and for saying this we have apparently got as much into hot water as when the great boiler questioa bubbles over. The English Churchman for February 12, 1885, has an amusing article on the subject, but which, from fear of the consequences, we prudently refrain from reprinting. New Chrysanthemums. — We are informed by Messrs. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, that they have at last succeeded in importing two large consignments direct from the native home of the Chrysanthemum, and have every reason to hope that they will be unusually attractive, and give us an entirely new feature in the Chrysanthemum. Some of them have the commencement of a blue tinge, others are white and green, and some are peculiar broad-petalled kinds, single, after the fashion of a single Dahlia. Ghent Floral Committee. — At the last meeting the following Certificates were awarded : — Certificates of Merit. — To Bnmsvvigia magnifica, from the Compagnie Continentale d'Horticulture, of Ghent ; to Hagmanthus Kalbreyeri maximus, from the Com- pagnie Continentale d'Horticulture ; to Odontoglossum guttatum, from Vervaet & Co., of Ghent ; to Imanto- phyllum miniatum var. President C. Bernard, from M. Peelers, of Brussels : to Cypripedium Haynaldianum roseum, from the Compagnie Continentale d'Horticul- ture : to Begonia hyb. nova, from Desbois & Co. , of Ghent. Cultural Certificates. — To Coelogyne cristata, from M. James Bray ; to Lycaste Skinneri, from M. James Bray ; to Cypripedium villosum, from Vervaet & Co. ; to Ancectochilus Dawsonianus, from M. E. Pynaert van Geert, of Ghent ; to Hemitelia Cunningham!, from Vervaet & Co. Honourable Mention. — To Phalasnopsis amabilis, from Vervaet & Co. ; to Odontoglossum Wilckeanum, from Vervaet & Co. ; to Imantophyllum miniatum var., from M. Snoeck, of Gendbriigge ; to Imantophyllum miniatum var. Madame Wallaert, from M. Peelers ; to Columnea Kalbreyeriana, from M. Desmet-Duvivier ; to Cattleya Trianae sp. from Popayan, from Vervaet & Co. For Good Cultivation. — To Bertolonia Van Houttei, from M. D'Haene ; to Phaloenopsis Schilleriana, from Vervaet & Co. Bromeliads. — We have received the fourth part of M. Antoine's superb publication on the BromeliaceK entitled Phvto-icoiiografhie der Bronte- liacccn, and containing plates xvi, — xx. , and pp. 20—30 of text. The size of the plates is large folio. The plants figured are — Bromelia anliacantha, tab. xx. , with strong-spined leaves, and dense erect spikes of purple flowers. Vnesea scalaris has spineless leaves, dilated at the base, pointed at the blunt end, and a long pendulous spike, with scanty yellow flowers, each about 2 inches long, disposed at wide intervals in two rows, so that they give the impression of a ladder or flight of steps. V'riesea infiata, tab. xviii., has similar foliage, but dense erect broad spikes ; the bracts boat-shaped, orange-red, nearly concealing the yellow flowers. Vricsea Jon^^kei, tab. xvi., has long, recurved, spine- less leaves, and slender erect spike of yellow ttlbular flowers, each about 2 inches long, and arranged rather loosely in erect spikes. Vriesea corallina, tab. xvii., has rather broad obtuse pointed spineless leaves, and a two-ranked spike of flowers horizontally disposed ; each flower is nearly 2 inches long, and yellow. Aberdeen Royal Horticultural So- ciety.— This well-supported Society intend to hold two shows at Aberdeen in the ensuing season, the first one beginning on July 29, and extending over three days ; the other taking place early in the month of September, the exact date of which will be made known later. A Silver Cup is given with the premier prize in each of the great divisions, plants, cut flowers, fruit and vegetables, besides special prizes of various descriptions, medals, and a goodly sum of money in prizes. r ViTis amukensis. — This is a species wild in the mountains of Mongolia, producing fruit abund- antly, and of which the Grapes are agreeable to the palate. It is cultivated by the Chinese, according to the Abbe David. "Loco" Weed.— The Jouma! of Forestry has an article on a weed growing in Texas and New Mexico which causes symptoms of intoxication in horses which graze on it. One company is said to have lost 400 animals through its effects. The most common " Loco " plant is said to be Astragalus mollissimus ; other leguminous plants have a like evil reputation. The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution. — The augmentation fund finally closes on February 28, and we are also informed that the sum of ^500, promised by the unknown donor, has been paid into the Institution's bankers. This will enable the committee to make up the funded reserve to ^21,000, from which an income of £6^0 per annum will be derived. A special general meeting of the subscribers will be held on Friday, March 13, at the Bedford Hotel, Covent Garden, London, W.C, to consider a recommendation from the committee as to certain modifications of the rules of the Institution ; but more particularly to obtain the sanction of the sub- scribers to altering Rule No. 8, so as to increase the pensions by £n per annum each. The Veitch Memorial Fund. — The trustees have decided to offer the following Medals and Prizes during the present year, namely, one Medal and Prize of £i to the Botanical and Horti- cultural Society of Durham, Northumberland, and Newcastle-on-Tyne ; one Medal and Prize to the National Rose Society, and one Medal and Prize to the National Chrysanthemum Society. The Medals and Prizes are to be offered for subjects to be selected by the committees of the respective societies. The Trustees have also determined to place three Medals and ^5 Prizes at the disposal of the committee which is to have charge of the Orchid Conference, to take place at South Kensington in May next. In all cases the awards are to be made in favour of hnd fidt gentlemen's gardeners and amateurs only. Iron Plate Staging,- This material in the form of ordinary corrugated-iron sheet has been put to a useful purpose by Messrs. Laing & Co., nurserymen. Forest Hill, S.E., for tables and side benches in the Orchid-house now being erected there. It is used in 10 feet lengths, and is supported by light X-iron rods, of \\ inch in depth, and i inch square iron standards. A kerb of T-ifon i inch in depth runs round the benches, &c., to prevent the shingle, spar, &c., from falling off. The supports are about 5 feet apart, at which distance the sheet-iron will support 2 cwt. on any part without " sagging." The Plasticity of Plant Structure.— The internal structure of leaves of the same species often varies according to the situation and nature of the surroundings. If exposed to the light and air its palisade cells will be developed, its fibrous tissue will be well marked. If growing in water the inter- cellular and aerial passages will be large in propor- tion, and the fibrous framework will be thin and weak, inasmuch as the water supports the leaf, and obviates the necessity for a stifl' framework. Some plants are much more plastic in relation to light and February 21, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 245 to moisture than others, the plasticity being an hereditary endowment. Those plants possessing it in largest measure are naturally those best adapted to maintain themselves under different conditions, so that the possibility of cultivation depends much on the anatomical construction, Stahl was the first to indicate the relation of the palisade tissue to light, and his observations have been followed up by A'esque in France and by Volkens in Berlin. The relation between the motility of the leaves of certain Conifers, and the presence of palisade cells, was pointed out by Dr. Masters. Tomatos and Insects. — A curious state- ment, deserving the examination of botanists at home. like that of the Cape, that its peculiar powers are brought into play. Much the same power was once attributed, we believe, to the common Broad Bean, but we are afraid this plant does not " live up " to its character, Cali.ipsyche aurantiaca.— Of the three known species of this genus, the present one may well claim attention as a highly ornamental plant with striking and attractive flowers. The generic name, signifying beautiful butterfly, is not inappropriate, owing to the spreading oblique flowers and long pro- truding stamens, in this instance about 3 inches longer than the perianth. The flowers are laterally com- pressed and produced several together in a horizontal British Bee-keepers' Association. — The annual general meeting of the British Bee- keepers' Association was held recently at 105, Jermyn Street. The report for 18S4, which was taken as read, said that eighty-seven new members had joined the Association. The committee referred with great regret to the decease of two of the oldest members, namely, the Baroness DE Rothschild, of Gunnersbury Park, and the Rev. G. Harris, of Norwich. Fifteen members had withdrawn and twenty-three had been struck off the books. New county associations in connection with this central body had been formed in Cumberland, Carnarvon- shire, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Monmouthshire, Nottinghamshire, Gloucestershire, and Pembroke- FlG. 47. — VIEW IN THE GROUNDS AT MEMBLAND. (SEE P. 238.] says the Colonies and India, comes from Cape Colony, where it is alleged that insects are observed to shun land on which Tomatos are grown, and the culture of this Lycopersicon esculentum is accordingly recom- mended in all cases where it is possible to grow it, under fruit trees for instance, since the Tomato will thrive in the shade of other trees, which few other plants will do, for the sake of the virtues attributed to it as a prophylactic against the inroads of insect pests. The popularity of the Tomato as an esculent is sufBciently great to repay the trouble of planting on a large scale even if its supposed virtues proved to be a myth, and any surplus supplies might easily be pre- served in tins, and shipped to this country. It will be interesting to know whether this Tomato has been observed to exercise any such effect on insects else- where— in Canada, for instance, where the fruit is so popular — or whether it is only in warmer climates. umbel, and of a deep green when first expanded, but this in a remarkably short time gives place to a golden yellow colour with somewhat paler margins. The greatest fault of the plant is in flowering at a time when the leaves are absent. This however is no serious drawback when associated with other plants. A flowering specimen may be seen in the Begonia house at Kew, and a figure in Saunders' Refugium Botanicum, 167. Royal Agricultural Benevolent In- stitution.— At the monthly meeting of the Council of this Society, held at their offices, 26, Charles Street, St, James', on Tuesday, the 3d inst., it was resolved that the annual election of pensioners should take place on Wednesday, June 24 ; and that fifty- four additional recipients should be elected, viz., ten males, twelve married couples, and twenty females. shire, and others were in course of formation. During the year thirty-two candidates had undergone ex- aminations for third-class certificates at ten centres, twenty-eight of them being successful. For second- class certificates there were eleven competitors at six centres, and seven were successful. The holding of a first-class examination had been deferred for want of candidates. The committee proposed at some future date again to bring the subject of practical bee- keeping before the Education Department, with the object of having it included in the education code. The Department had already declined that proposal. The committee referred with satisfaction to the part taken by the Association in the International Health Exhibition, and noted with pleasure the formation of honey companies on a commercial basis. The Asso- ciation was in urgent need of more funds to enable it to meet the ever-growing demands for assistance made 246 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 21, 1SS5. by those counties where bee-keeping upon advanced and humane principles had made little progress. The report and balance-sheet were adopted, the usual votes of thinks passed, and the officers for the snsuing year appointed, the Baroness Burdett- COUPTS being re-elected President. Odo.ntoglossu.m nebulosum. — It is interesting to trace the close connection between this species and those belonging to the O. Rossii group. This is seen not only in the relatively small size of the plant and its habit, but most particularly in the form and construction of the lip. The limb is short and broadly ovate, and the claw is proportion- ately much longer than in O. Rossii, and produced into the same cuplike process answering to the crest in the latter, and striped with orange internally. The sepals and petals are ample and white, beautifully blotched or spotted with brown for more than half their basal length. A flowering specimen may be seen in the cool section of the Orchid-house at Kew. A fine variety also to be seen there has only a few spots at the base of the sepals and petals, and a large brownish-yellow blotch on the lip, instead of the numerous brown ones of the type. Several varieties are in cultivation, and this one is the same or similar to that named 0. n, candidulum, Massachusetts Horticultural Societv. — At a meeting of this Society at Boston, U.S., on the 24th ult., a very beautiful display of Orchids was made by Samuel R. Payson. Cattleya TrianK was shown in six varieties of different shades, and C. labiata Percivaliana in two varieties. Phatenopsis amabilis and the new and rare P. Schilleriana were also exhibited. The flower committee awarded a silver medal to Mr. Payson. C. M. Ati-ci.\son, gardener to John L. Gardner, exhibited six pots of Lily of the Valley, for which a gratuity was awarded. Hovey & Co. exhibited a collection of Camellias. Cephas H. Bracicett showed fine Mushrooms and Brighton and White Spine Cucumbers, and a gratuity was awarded therefor. Smuts and Cluster-Cups.— In the Quar- terly Journal of Microscopical Science Mr. Plow- RIGHT gives the results of his examination of the life history of five species of Uredo (smul), as revealed by experimental cultivation. The experiments have been repeated in some cases twenty or thirty times. Altogether between 400 and 500 experiments are recorded. The experiments were made by infecting various plants with the spores of fungi. Thus the smut spores of Poa trivialis and pratensis (Uromyces Poa) produce characteristic .licidia or cluster-cups on Ranunculus repens and Ficaria. Those of Uromyces dactylidis on Dactylis glomerata produce cluster-cups on Ranunculus bulbosus. Spores of Puccinea Mag- nusiana on the common Reed yield cluster-cups on Ranunculus bulbosus and repens. The spores of Puccinia perplexans on Avena elatior and Alopecurus pratensis form the JCcidiura of Ranunculus acris. Puccinia phragmitis on the common Reed yields ylicidia on Rumex obtusifolius hydrolapathum, Crispus conglomeratus, and Rheum ofticinale. Puc- cinia Scholeriana growing on Carex arenaria produces by artificial inoculation the A\aX\2. of Senecio jacobrea. The specific identity of forms of very different appear- ance growing on plants of widely diff'erent character is thus proved. Panax Murrayi.— A splendid tree, 50 to 60 feel high, and then trichotomously branched. The leaves measure 3 to 4 feet in lenglh, and are reflexed and pinnate, with ten to twelve pairs of ovate leanceo- late green lobes. The flowers like those of the Ivy, but arranged in long erect panicles. It is a native of Queensland, and possibly of the South Sea Islands, and is a very handsome decorative plant for the stove or conservatory. It is figured in the Botanical maga- zine, t. 6798. Cytisus prolii.-erus.— More than a hundred years have elapsed since this plant was originally introduced from the Canary Islands to our green- houses, yet it is rare compared with such species as C. canariensis and C. racemosus, especially the latter. This is a white-flowered species, making its rarity all the more surprising, considering the prevalence of yellow in the genus. The flowers are rather freely produced in short axillary aggregated racemes or umbels along the gracefully arching branches. Some old books describe the flowers as yellow — probably by mistake. The trifoliate leaves are silky on the underside as well as at the margins, and being above the average size for the species of this group, give the plant a distinct appearance. A good-sized speci- men has been flowering for some time in a cool com- partment of the X range at Kew. A figure of the plant was given many years ago in the Botanical Register, t. 121. National Chrysanthemum Society.— At a meeting of the General Committee of this Society, held at the " Four Swans," Bishopsgate'.Street, E.C., on Monday evening, the i6th inst., E. Sanderso.v, Esq., President, in the chair; it was reported that the trustees ol the Veilch Memorial Fund had olTered the Veitch Medal and a prize of ^,5 for competition at the annual exhibition to take place at the Royal Aquarium in November next, the conditions of the class to be thirty-six incurved blooms of Chrysanlhe- mums, in eighteen distinct varieties. In addition, Mr. James Crute offers special prizes in two classes, one for twelve plants of Chrysanthemums, incurved varieties, grown for specimen blooms, not less than two blooms on a plant ; and the other for the same number of plants of Japanese varieties, under the same conditions, to be grown in Crute's patent concave flower-pots. The sum of £, 10 is offered as prizes in these two classes. The Secretary, Mr. William Holmes, announced that applications for affiliation under the recently issued regulations had been received from the Bristol, Yeovil, and Chelms- ford and Essex Chrysanthemum Societies, the Canter- bury Gardeners' Mutual Improvement Society, and the Ancient Society of York Florists ; while several others had applied for the rules, with a viev,r of applying for affiliation. Rhododendron Cavroni x. — This is a cross between R. Gibsoni and another species un- named, raised by M. Cavron, of Cherbourg. It is a shrub with oblong lanceolate glabrous bullate leaves, and trusses of broadly trumpet-shaped while flowers, flushed with rose, 3 — 4 inches in diameter, and very fragrant. It is figured in the number of the Revue Horticole for February i . Greenhouse Climbers for Amateurs. — One is frequently asked by persons who have a small greenhouse and are not very well up in know- ing the right class of plants to procure for it what could they get for a climber. Well there are any number of plants suitable for a house wiih or without heat that can be raised from seed in the spring, and form beautiful festoons and masses with only ordi- nary care. We refer to such plants as Maurandias, Eccre- raocarpus, the former lilac and white, the latter rich orange ; Thunbergias, yellow and white, Trop.T;oIums, various, and many others which may all be raised from seed sown now, and will soon form handsome climbers. Of course for a good house we would not recommend these, but Ilabrolhamnus, Fuchsias, Plumbago, Lapageria, Clematis, Hoya, &c. These may all be successfully grown in a cool greenhouse. ■ York Gala. — The annual exhibition of this Society takes place on June 17, iS, and 19. The prizes are on the same liberal scale as they have now been lor some years. The schedule contains ninety- six classes for plants, flowers, fruits, and vegetables. Amongst them are prizes of ^20, 2 14. and £"& for collections of sixteen stove and greenhouse plants, ten in bloom and six fine-leaved (open) ; ^10, ffi, £(j, and £\ are offered in the principal class (open) for miscellaneous groups arranged for effect; £\^ are given for Roses in pots ; some ,^38 for cut Roses, and ^56 for fruit — in all, nearly ;^6oo. We see the committee have introduced on additional regulation, to the effect that where exhibitors fail to name their productions the judges are empowered to pass them over. The growing practice shown by exhibitors to leave their exhibits unnamed is such that a rule of this kind is wanted. For gardeners, and those who know the plants, flowers, fruits, &c, , com- peting, the naming is not necessary, but it is for the information of the public, who usually are wanting in such knowledge, yet having paid their money to see the display have a right to be able to make themselves so far acquainted with what they come to see. Gardening Appointments. — A. McKin- NON, late Head Gardener.to Major Finlay, Burley Lodge, Newbury, Berks, as Head Gardener to Baron William V. Schroder, The Rookery, Nant- wich, Cheshire. FRUIT NOTES. Apples and Pears. — From the Apple Congress onwards all that has been since written in the Car' deners" Chronicle respecting Apples has been most interesting. I often think that in planting an orchard too great a proportion of early kinds are planted, so that when the new year comes Apples are much in request for dessert and culinary purposes ; then there is a deficiency, which ia a great pity, seeing that a little forethought would have obviated it. I( the Royal Horticultural Society were to invite the gar- deners of this country to send up a collection in the first week in February there are plenty of us who would respond ; then we should have a true test of the keeping kinds, the names of which are readily selected from any good nurseryman's list now, and some of which will keep till next May. I quite agree with Mr. Barron about what he says of Cox's Orange Pippin. We had 6 bushels of it here this year, and during the day the fruit-room is pretty frequently visited by fruit eaters, but not an Apple was looked at till these were finishsd, and miny preferred it to the Pears, of which we have a good selection, I would especially mention two valuable kinds just now in season, viz., the Sturmer Pippin and Dumelow's Seedling, generally known as Wellington ; it is a very fine culinary sort, while the former is an excellent dessert kind ; and although Golden Knob is not a first-class fruit, we cannot dispense with it, keeping, as it does, till so late in the year. I cannot agree with the Apple Congress, which scratched Golden Harvey. It is certainly a shy bearer, but very deli- ciouSf plump, and juicy. Pears. Any one looking over a fruit tree catalogue will see any number of Pears given as ripening in January and the two following months. With us, alas 1 it is not so ; we have now only Catillac, Ne plus Meuris, Knight's Monarch, Vicar of Winkfield, and Olivier, des Serres. The Vicar I shall do away with, but the last-named Pear is a superb kind— handsome, hardy, and well flavoured ; where it requires a wall, as in th2 Midland and Northern Counties, it should always have one. A bishop once told me never to dish up together the two fruits I have now written about, and the reason given that it was an Apple which ruined the first Pair. J. Rusl^ Eridge Castle, Sussex. Pear Madame Hutin. In the Bullelin d'ArhoriciiUnre for December we find a coloured plate of this Pear, an excellent variety. The fruit is of medium size, broadly oblong- ovoid, with a long stalk set in a shallow baiin, the skin yellowish, speckled with brown spots, especially near the stalk. Flesh yellow, juicy, frjgrant. Season December to January. It was raised by M. Leclerc, of Laval, in iS4[. Melon Glory of Bristol. This is figured in the October number of the BitUedn d'Arboriculiiire, and is a small netted vatiety with red flesh and excellent flavour. Ilotins of Joalis. Christy's Guide to Poultry Rearing. By T. Christy, F.L. S. London : Fenchurch Street, E.G. Price (,J. This little brochure on hatching poultry by arli- ficial means, and rearing them so as to be fit for the table as early as possible, may be of much service to those who are desirous of adding to their income by this remunerative small industry. Much useful in- formation is given on the rearing of all kinds of domestic food birds and game birds. The methods given are suited either to the cottager with smill means, or to the person of ample means. Bulletin de la Federation des Socii'tes d'Horli- culture de Belgique, 1SS2. Somewhat late in the day comes the report of the Federation of the Horticultural Societies of r>:lgium for 1SS2. Great part of the volume is devoted to the transactions of the several constituent societies, which are of no great interest to outsiders. Then follows a translation of Mr. [Fawke's |//(?/-7:'fl/ The weather of January was very favourable in regard to opeti-air vegetation. The temperature was umformly cold throughout the month, but at no time excessively so. No extremes either of heat or cod having occurred vegetation has suffered very attle m consequence-comparatively tender plants are still uninjured in the open ground. Frost was registered on no less than eighteen occasions, amounting collect- ively to 72' as compared with 20° for the corresponding month last year. The lowest readings of the ther- mometer occurred on the 2d, 26" ; 20th, oh^ ; 22d, 25" ; 33d, 18" ; and 24lh, 22'. The highest morning reading was 40°, which was repeated on six mornings. The lowest day temperature was 32", which occurred on llie 23d of the month, and the highest 55", on the 29th. West and south-west winds were Jreciuent, and there were sixteen perfectly dry days. Tlie continuance of moderately cold dull weather during the month has had the effect of retarding the flowering of spring plants considerably. Of the forty selected plants whose dates of ilowering are annually recorded, only two came into flower by the end of the month, viz., Tussilago fragrans, on llie 7th ; Dondia epipaclis, on the 20th ; while at the same date last year no less than sixteen were in flower. Rhododendron atrovirens, which opened its first flowers on January 10 last year, is not yet out. Hazel was in flower on Janu- ary 14 last year, and February 4 this ; Snowdrop, January 19 last year, February 5 this ; Tussilago alba, January 18 last year, P'ebruary 10 this. On the rock garden eight species and varieties came into flower during the month, viz., single and double Primroses, Cowslip, Dondia epipaclis, liepalica angu- losa, and three species of Helleborus. Last January eighteen were noted. Throughout the garden the most conspicuous plants in flower were the various species of Helleborus, Jasminum nudiflorum, Erica herbacea alba, Garrya elliptica, and Andromeda floribunda. The following plants in pots were exhibited in full flower from cold frames in the garden ; — Cyclamen Coum vernum. Iris reticulata Krelagei, Muscari Ungula- tum. Narcissus Bulbocodium monophyllus, Saxifraga Burseriana, S. B. var, major. Dull d.ty snd Feb, 14. — Dull day and night, — 15. — Rain from early morning till 9 A.M. night. — 16. — Rain all day and night. — 17. — Rain in early morning ; d.iiknes5 from 11 A.M till 12 45 I'.M. Dull day and night. — 18.— Very fine day and night. NOTTS HORTICULTURAL AND BOTANICAL : Feb. 11. Ar the monthly evening meeting, which was held at the Mechanics' Institute, the chair was taken by Mr. J. Radford. The attendance of members and friends for the first meeting of the season was most satisfactory, inasmuch as a hundred new members have been enrolled. The tables presented a lively appearance, being covered with plants, cut flowers, and vegetables. Mr. German, Malvern House, exhibited some nice pieces of Orchids, including Odontoglossum crispum, O. c. guttatum, O. Insleayi, O. Pescatorei, O. P. nivale, Phalrenopsis amabilis, also fine cut spikes of Zygopetalum Mackayi, which had been in flower in the conservatory since November. Mr. Edmonds, Bestwood Lodge, brought fine Camellias, also immense flowers of Dendrobium Wardianum. The same exhibitor showed fine speci- mens of May's Northaw Prize Brussels Sprouts, the stems having a fine pyramidal form, studded with solid medium Sprouts. Mr. Thacker showed Dendrobium Wardianum in a large 60-pot, with one good growth carrying twenty-one fully expanded flowers. Mr. Eding- ton, Woodthorpe Grange, exhibited Dendrobium nobilc in small pots, well flowered ; also good examples of Mignonette, with cut flowers of Camellias, Azaleas, Primulas, and Cinerarias ; Mr. Walker, Hard wick House, fine sprays of Passiflora quadrangularis, com- pletely covered with large expanded flowers. The same exhibitor read a paper on the cultivation of the Camellia, which was followed with a discussion by Messrs. Edmonds, Edington, Thacker, Graham. Thompson. A vote of thanks to the lecturer and the Chairman brought the proceedings to a close. {A Correspondent.) S7A TE OP 7HB WEA THER A T BLACKHEA TH, LOA'VOA', For the Week Ending Wednesday, Febrcary 18, 1885. Hygrome- trical De- < Barometer. Temperature of THE Air. ductions from Glaisher's Tables 6th Edition Wind. Q Z < X X 0 Mean Reading Reduced to _ 33' Fahr. Departure from Average of .8 years. i J 1 s s k 0.0 & Q II 2 « Feb In. In. u ; . . ; . 1 . In. 13 2996 -foi?|57 041.515.549.3^ + 10447.2! 93 |W.SW.j 3.00 13 2985 +005^32.5435 9.047.4 + 8 5<3.9j 8) jWSW. 3.00 14 29 57 -02448.045,0 3o'46.5 + 7.7I44..J 5={ vv;s\v 3 00 IS 2931 -0.5050.04s 0 S-0 47-7 + 9.046.a] 93 ; S.S W. 3.10 16 2906 -o.75|56.o 46.5 9.5,49-3 + n,i4i)2 98 S.W. 7 fil 17 29.18 —0.64 50.037.0 13.041-3 + 2640.1 95{ e'ne J. 23 3. 00 18 2951 |-0 3» 44 .0 33-5'w-5 38.1 -0.733.=. 8^{'A'w. Mean »9 49J-a32 5i-i'4<-7 9-4:4S-7+ 7.0j43.4| 9a W.S W.I >94 , 12.— Fine day; sun shining briRhtly at times. Fine night, 13.— Dull day and night. Fine. London : Almosf>heric Pressure. — During the week ending Februaiy 14, the reading of the baruiueter at the level of the sea increased fiom 29 74 inches at the beginning of the week to 29 79 inches by 9 A.M., decreased to 29.47iinches by 5 r.M. on the Sth, increased to 30.04 inches by 5 p.m. on the lolh, decreased to 29.90 inches by 9 A.M, on the i nh, increased to 30,17 inches by 9 A M, on the I2lh, and was 29.72 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading of the barometer for the week was 2990 inches, being 0.47 inch higher than last week, and 0.07 inch below the average of the week. Temperature. — The highest temperature in the shade in the week was 57°, on the 12th ; the highest on the loth and 14th was 48°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 5I°,6. The lowest temperature was 33°. 5, on the loth ; on the 14th the lowest temperature was 45". The general mean was 40^.3, The greatest range of temperature in one day was '5°-Si on ihe I2lh ; the smallest was 3°, on the I4lh, The mean of the seven daily ranges was 11". 3. The mean temperatures were — on the Slh, 45°.9 ; on the gih, 41°.! ; on the loth, 4i°.2 ; on the nth, 49° ; on the 12th, 49'.3 ; on the 13th, 47°.4 ; on the I4lh, 46°,5 ; and these were all above their averages by 6°.S, 2", 2°, 2, 10°, io°.4, S°.5, and 7°. 7 respect ively. The mean temperature of [he week was 45°. S, being 2°.S higher than last week, and 6°.8 above the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 97°, on the 12th. The mean of the seven read- ings was 78°, 9, The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer with its bulb placed on grass was 21°, on the loth. The mean of the seven readings was 3I°.4. A'a/K.— Rain fell on the Sth and 9th to the amount of 0. iS inch. England : Temperature. — During the week end- ing February 14, the highest temperatures were 58°, at Cambridge, 57' at Blackheath, 55° at Nottingham ; the highest at Brighton was 50'.6, at Bolton 50°. 9, at Preston 51°.$. The general mean was 53°.5. The lowest temperatures were 30*. 2, at Wolver- hampton, 3i°.2 at Cambridge, 3I".4 at Bradford ; the lowest at Truro and Leeds 39°, at Preston 37 '.5. The general mean was 34^.9. The greatest ranges were 26°. 8 at Cambridge, 2-3^, I at Wolverhampton, 22' at Hull; the smallest ranges were 13°, 5 at Blackheath, 14° at Preston, 15° at Truro and Leeds, The general mean was 17". 6, The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Truro, 52°. 7, at Cambridge 52°. 4, at Blackheath 5I°,6; and was lowest at Bolton, 47°, i, at Sunderland 48^,2, at Preston 48 .4. The "general mean was 50°, 2. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was highest at Truro 45°. 3, at Plymouth ' 42°. 7, at Leeds 4I°,9; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 36^4, at Hull 37°. I, at Sunderland 38'. 4. The general mean was 40°, 2. The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge and Hull, I3°.9, at Wolverhampton 13°; and was least at Preston, 7°.2, at Truro 7°.4, at Plymouth 8°.3. The general mean was IQ°, The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 4S°.6, at Plymouth 46°,5, at Leeds 46°. I ; and was lowest at Bolton, 42°. 4, at Wolverhampton 42°. 5, at Sunderland 42'. 9. The general mean was 44°,8, Rain.—T\it. largest falls were 0.93 inch at Truro, 0.72 inch at Bolton, 0.63 inch at Preston ; the smallest falls were o. iS inch at Blackheath, 0.20 inch at Cambridge, and 0.30^ inch at Hull. The general mean fall was 0.49 inch. Scotland : Temperature. — Daring the week end- ing February 14, the highest temperature was 53°.6, at Aberdeen ; at Dundee the highest was 49°,9. The general mean was SI**.?. The lowest temperature in the week was 32°, at Aberdeen ; at Paisley the lowest temperature was 34°.2, The general mean was 33°, I. The mean temperature was highest at Glasgow, 252 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 21, 18S5. 44°.6 ; and lowest at Dundee, 40°.8. The general mean was 42°. 6. Rain. — The largest fall was 3. 18 inches, at Greenock; the smallest fall was 1.24 inch, at Glas- gow. The general mean fall was 1.60 inch. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. " He thai guestioneth mitch shall learn muck." — Bacon, Lux-Calor Gas and Oil Stoves. — A corre- spondent writes : — " Having a small lean-to greenhouse {24 X 8 feet), where a small greenhouse boiler cannot be fixed, 1 am desirous of finding some other mode of warming the house. Gas I have close by, which can be utilised readily, therefore I am anxious for reliable information respecting the effect of the Lux-Calor stoves — if, from practical experience, they are found to entirely dispose of the deleterious products of com- bustion from gas, consequently not to be injurious to plant life," Answers to Correspondents. Address of S. Owens & Co. : D, Mason. The address you inquire for is S. Owens & Co., Hy- draulic and General Engineers, Whitefriars Street, London, E.G. Books : Pomona. Botany for Beginners, and Plant Lije (Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Bouverie Street, Y..Q.).—P. Ingram. Holt Castle: or. The Threefold Interest in the Land, by Prof. Tanner (Chapman & Hall, ii, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C). Camellias : Amateur. The plants are badly infected with honeydew. Probably overhead washing with an insecticide containing a portion of sulphiu", such as Gishurst's soap, would rid you of it. Cattleya Percivaliana : W. J. A very good example of this variety, but some superior ones are to be seen. The colour of the variety and prettily fringed lip are well seen in your flower. It will most likely improve in size under cultivation. Eucalyptus : J. S. E. Gunnii, the hardiest of the genus. Holly Planting : W. Adams. The best time to plant Hollies is the month of April, or early in May. Take advantage of wet weather. Ice-house Air-inlets : J. P. If there is a drain at the bottom, properly trapped and furnished with a grating, enough air will get into the place for all pur- poses. A pipe in the roof, and air-bricks, are worse than useless. Kew : IV. G. The Temperate-house was built by Messrs. Cubitt, from the designs of Decimus Burton, in 1861. We cannot tell you the cost, but it was not defrayed from the proceeds of any legacy, but from a Parliamentary grant in the ordinary manner. Names of Plants : F. L. The Dendrobes were, we regret to say, overlooked, i, Nephrodium molle ; 2, Asplenium Adiantum nigrum ; 3, Acacia cinerascens ; 4, not certain — there are about 500 varieties. — Alfred Walker. Correa alba. — U. i, Metrosideros stricta ; 2, Sansievera zebrina ; 3, Polypodium ensifolium. — B. Kruy^. Senecio Ghiesbreghtii. Rooting Bramble : A. D. \V. It may not be com- mon, but yet it is the way to propagate the plants artificially. Scrubbing Brushes: J. P. Try Treloar & Co., Cocoa matting manufacturers, London. Shrubs, &c.. Removed: K. L. If you planted the things you can remove ihem, or do what you like with them, during your tenancy, if all dues, such as rent, and value of repairs, owing to the landlord, are paid. But nothing may be removed of the nature of a fixture after the expiration of the tenancy without the per- mission of the landlord. arkts. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. William Fisher, Burton-on-Trent — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. E. G. Henderson & Son, Maida Vale, London- Flower, Vegetable, and Agricultural Seeds. James Yates, Stockport — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. F. & A. Dickson & Sons, Chester— Select Farm Seeds. Compagnie Continentale d'Horticulture, Ghent — Seeds and Novelties for 1885. James Bird, Bridge Street, Downham Market, Norfolk Kitchen Garden, Agricultural, and Flower Seeds. Thos. Woodford, Atherstone — Vegetable and Flower Seed Catalogue. Waite, Nash, Huggins & Co., London— Wholesale Agricultural Seed List. Communications Received.— M. D.— H. B. R.— Z.— J. B., Worthing. — R. T. C— Canon.— Asa Gray (enclosure).- C. S. S. (encl.sure).- J. H. H.— A. Taylor.— A. le Jolis, Cher- bourg.—M., Tasmania.- Cinchona.- W. G.— T. F. R.— P. I., Belvoir.— E. B., Parif.-J. R.— Sir T. L.— R. W. A., Pietermaritzburg.- H. V.— W. W.— A. D.— H. Conevon, Geneva. — H. N. E.— J. H., Jamaica.— W. D.— J. Edmonds. _W. W.— S. E.— E. J. -J. D.-T. G.— I. Cowan. — Hon. Miss B.— W. D.— R. D.— W. I. M.— P. R. — K.— M. Foster. — T. B.-B. T. L.-J. F.-H. W.-J. S.-A. D — C. W. S. -H.— C. P.— R. T. C— De Mar.-A. McD.-W. E.— Abeiia.— R. P.— R.-E. Tonks,— Wild Rose.— Visitor.— A. L. H.-D. M. COVENT GARDEN, February 19. Trade quiet, with supplies, although limited, quite equal to the demand, and prices unaltered. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— Average Wholesalr Prices. s.d. s.d. Apples, J4-sieve . . 16-40 — Nova Scotia and Canadian, barrel 12 0-21 o Cobs, per 100 lb. .. 50 0-55 o Grapes, per lb. . . 30-60 s.d. s.d. Lemons, per case ..12 0-18 o Pine-apples, Eng. , lb. 10-20 — St Michael, each 26-80 Pears, French, doz. 30-90 Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Artichokes, Globe, 1 Lettuces, Cab., doz. 16-.. per doz 40-60 I Mint, green, bunch.. 16-.. Asparagus, English, | Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-16 per bundle .. 3 6-10 o Onions, per bushel.. 40-.. French, bundle 15 0-20 o | — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Beans, Eng., per 100 30-.. Beet, per doz. ., 10- .. Cabbages, per doz. . . 16-20 Carrots, per bun. .. o 6- „ Cauliflowers, Eng- lish^ dozen.. ..20-40 Celenac, per root . . 04- . . Celery, per bundle.. 16-26 Cucumbers, each .. 10-26 Endive,' per dozen .. 20-.. Garlic, per lb. .. 06- ., Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04 Horse Radish, bun. 30-40 Parsley, per bunch., o 4- Peas, per lb. ..10-.. Potatos, new» per lb. o 9- i o Radishes, per dor. .. 10-.. Rhubarb, bundle .. 06- ., Salsify, per bund. ..10-.. Seakale, per punnet 20-26 Small salading, per punnet .. ..04-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-.. Tomatos, per lb. . . z o- 2 6 Turnips, bun. « 05- . . Potatos. — Magnum Bonums, ios.to^os.; Regents, jos. togoj. ; Champions, 455. to 60s. per ton. Markets have a down- waxd tendency. Plants in Pots —Average Wholesale Prices. *. d. s. d. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o Arbor-vita (golden), per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o — (common), dozen 6 0-12 o Aium Lilies, dozen g 0-15 o Azaleas, per dozen,. 18 0-^2 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 o-i8 o Cinerarias, per doz.. 9 0-12 o Cyclamens, per doz. 9 0-24 o Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o Dracaena terminalis. per dozen . . . . 30 0-60 0 — vindis, per doz. . 12 0-24 o Epiphyllum, doz. ..iS 0-24 o Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o Euonymus, various, per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o Evergreens, in var., per dozen .. ..6 0-24 o Ferns, in vanety, per dozen .. ..4 0-18 o s. a. ■ 7 o s.d. Ficus clastica, each i 6- FoUage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ..2 o-io 0 Genista, 12 pots ..12 0-18 o Heaths, in variety, 12 pots .. . . 9 0-18 o Hyacinths, per doz. 6 o- g o Lily-of-the- Valley, 12 pots .. ..15 0-24 o Marguerite Daisy, per dozen .. .. 3 0-15 o Myrtles, per doz, .. 6 0-12 o Narcissus, 12 pots ..12 0-18 o Palms in variety, each .. ..2 6-31 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen .. 40-60 Primula sinensis, per dozen . . ..40-60 Solanums, dozen .. 9 0-12 o Spiraea, per dozen.. 12 0-18 o Tulips, dozen pots .. 8 o-io o Cut FLOViTERS.— Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. Abutilon, 12 bunches 20-40 Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 30-60 Azalea, 12 sprays .. o g- 1 o Bouvardias, per bun. 10-16 Camellias, per doz .. 10-40 Carnations, 12 btms, 10-30 Cinerarias, per bun. 10-16 Cyclamen, 12 blooms 03-09 Epiphyllum, 12 blms. 04-06 Eucharis. per doz. .. 4 o- 6 o Euphorbia jacquim- flora, 12 sprays .. 30-60 Gardenias, 12 blms.. 8 0-12 o Heliotropes, i2sp. .. o 6- i o Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays .. ..10-16 Lapageria, white, 12 blooms .. ..20-30 — red, la blooms , . „ I o- 2 o LiIy-of-VaI,,i2sprays 10-20 Marguerites, 12 bun. 60-90 s. d. s. d. Mignonette, 12 bun. 60-90 Narcissus, Paper- while, 12 sprays,. 20-26 — French, 12 bun. 20-60 Pelargoniums, per 12 sprays .. ..10-16 — scarlet, 12 sprays 09-10 Poinsettia, 12 blooms 30-90 Primula, double, bun. o 9-10 — sinensis, 12 bun. 40-60 Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60 — French, per doz. 10-30 Tropsolum, iz bun. 20-40 Tuberoses, per doz.. 20-40 Tulips, 12 blooms .. 09-10 Violets, 12 bun, .. o g- i o — French, bunch., 13-16 — Parme, French, per bunch . . .,.30-50 Wallflower, 12 bun.. 40-60 Whito Jasmine, bun. 06-10 SEEDS. London : Feb. 18. — A quiet feeling continues to cha- racterise the trade for farm seeds. As regards values there is no important alteration to be noted. The supply of every description is more than equal to the demand, and, as a natural consequence, extreme cheap- ness still prevails all round. Spring Tares sell freely at the advanced rates previously noted. Canary and Hemp seed are still a very dragging trade. Some good white Mustard is now offering at very moderate figures. Feeding Linseed is steady. John Shaw &• Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, B.C. CORN. At Mark Lane on Monday Wheat sales were difficult to effect. For good dry samples, however, offeis of lower rates were not entertained. Though the imports of foreign Wheat into London are very moderate, and, under ordinary circumstances, should be firmer, still the stagnation of the trade is such as to prevent any per- ceptible effect. The market lor flour was checked. Peas were rather firmer, and tended against buyers. Beans were quiet and unchanged. Oats were firm. The rates for Maize were steady. Barley was dull. — On Wednesday no revival of demand was noticeable for any kind of grain. Wheat and flour were more especially dull, and whilst prices were nominal from absence of business the tendencies were adverse. Barley, Beans, and Peas remained at late value. Oats were firm, but trade slow. Maize was quoted steady. — Average prices of corn for the week ending February 14 ; — Wheal, 32J. lorf. ; Barley, 31J. 9*/. ; Oats, 20J, \\d. For the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 37J. 31/. ; Barley, 31J. iirf. ; Oats, 191. lorf. CONIFERS -CONIFERS. ABIES DOUGLASII, 2-yr. seedliDg, 15J. per 1000 ; 2 yr., i-yr. transplanted, 25^", per loco ; 12 to 18 inches, 8ti. per 1000. ,, ,, GLAUCA, 2 to 3 feet, i2f. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, i8j. per dozen. The glauca variety is a grand ornamental tree, of dense compact habit, with different shades of colour. „ ENGELMANNI, 6 to 9 inches, ^s. per dozen. ,, MENZIESII, 9 to 12 inches, Zs. per 100; 2 to 3 feet. i6j. per 100, „ ORIENTALIS, 2 to 3 feet, i6j. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 25J. per 100. I, PARRVANA, g to 12 inches, gr. per dozen ; 12 to 18 inches, 12s. per dozen. ], „ GLAUCA, 12 to 18 mches, 6oj, per dozen. ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA, i-yr., i-yr. transplanted, aw. per 100. CEDRUS ATLANTICA, 2-yr. seedling, -2$. per 100, ,1 DEODARA, g to 12 inches, i2f. per :oo ; 18 to 24 inches, 50J. per 100. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIt, a-yr, seedling, iw. per 1000: 2-yr., I-yr. transplanted, 20J. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, 40J. per 100 „ „ ERECTA VIRIDIS, 12 to 18 inches, 10s. per 100 ; 18 to 24 inches, 40;.' per 100. ,, ,, LUTE A, 9 to 12 inches, 50J. per 100: 12 to 18 inches, 75*. per 100. „ MACROCARPA, 2.yr. seedling, 8j. per :oo ; 12 to iS inches, q.os. per 100. ,, NUTKAENSIS, i-yr., i-yr. transplanted, loj. per 100, LIBOCEDRUSDECURRENS, 2-yr. seedUng, 8j. .per 100 2 to 3 feet, 40J. per 100. PICEA CONCOLOR, 2-year seedling, 2&r. per 100 : 9 to 12 inches, 12.1. per dozen ; 12 to 18 inches, i8f. per dozen ; 18 to 24 inches, 24^. per dozen. Veitch, in his Manual of Conifene, makes concolor synonymous with lasiocarpa. Our concolor ajc as diuinct from lasiocarpa as magnifica is from nobilis. „ GRANDIS, 6 to 9 inches, 2cj. per 100 ; 9 to 12 inches, 401. per 100. ,, LASIOCARPA, 12 to 18 inches, i8j, per dozen ; 2 to 3 leet, 24^. per dozen. ,, MAGNIFICA, 9 to 12 inches, 18^. per dozen ; 12 to 18 inches, 24^. per dozen, ,1 NOBILIS, 2-yr., i-yr. transplanted, 6j. per ico ; g to 12 inches, 6j. per dozen ; 12 to iS inches, gj. per dozen ; 18 to 24 inches, 12^. per dozen. ,, NORDMANNIANA, 6 lo 9 inches, is. per dozen ; 9 to 12 inches, 3J. per dozen. ,, PINSAPO, 2-yr. seedling, ds. per 100. ,, VEITCHII. 4 to 6 inches, i2i. per dozen. ,, WEBBIANA, 12 to 18 inches, 12J. per dozen. PINUS ARISTATA, 4 to 6 inches, 65. per dozen ; 6 to g inches, gr. per dczen ; 3 to 4 feet, 84^'. per dozen. „ BOLANDERII, 12 to 18 inches, 4s. per dozen ; 2 to 3 feet, 1 21. per dozen. ,, CEMBRA, 18 to 24 inches, 3;. per dozen. ,, INSIGNIS, 2-yr. seedling, 6s. per loo, ,, JEFFREYII, 2-yr., i-yr. transplanted, icj. per 100; 12 to 18 inches, 5c5. per 100. ,, MURICATA, 2-yr., i-yr. transplanted, 12*. per 100. „ PARVIFLORA, 4 to 6 inches, 6s. per dozen ; g to 12 inches, \2s. per dozen. „ PEUCE, 2 to 3 feet, i8j. per dozen. ,, PINEA, 2-yr. seedling, 5^. per loo. TAXUS, in 12 distinct varieties, 12 to 18 inches, 6s. per dozen ; 18 to 24 inches, gj. per dozen. THUIA LOBBII, 2-yr. seedling, 35. per 100. „ OCCIDENTALIS, 2-yr., i-yr, transplanled, 7S. per 100. ,, STANDISHII, 12 to 18 inches, 12*. per dozen ; 18 to 34 inches, i8.r. per dozen. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA VARIEGATA, 9 to 12 inches, 35. per dozen ; 12 to 18 inches, 6s. per dozen. rOEEST TREES. BEECH, Common, 2-yr. seedling, s*. per 1000 ; 18 to 24 inches, 15 J. per 1000. BIRCH, I-yr, seedling, 3J. 6d. per 1000. CHESTNUT, Horse, i-yr. seedling, Zs. per icoo. HAZEL, 2-yr. seedling, 8j. per icoo. HOLLY, I-yr. seedling, 4*. per 1000. LARCH, 2-yr. seedling, 5J. per icoo. OAK, English, i-yr. seedUng, 41. per loor, „ Turkey, i-yr. seedling, xos, per 1000. SCOTCH FIR, Native, 2-yr. seedling. \s. 6d. per loco. SILVER FIR, 2-yr. seedling, ^s. per 1000 ; 9 to 15 ioche?, 25*. per ICOO. SPRUCE FIR, Norway, 2-yr. seedling, is. 6d. per 1000; 9 to 12 inches, 6s. per 1000. ., Black American, 2-yr,, i-yr, transplanted, 20J. per 1000. „ White American, 2-yr , i-yr. transplanted, 7J. Cd. per 1000 ; g to 12 inches, 20s. per loco. SYCAMORE, I-yr. seedling, 31. per locx) ; transplanted, 12 to 18 inches, loj. per 1000 ; do., 18 to 2.^ inches, 151, per 1000. ROSES. DWARF, budded low on Manetti, 251. per 100, GLOIRE DE DIJON, TEAS, and NOISETTES, worked on the Seedling Btierin the open ground, 40J. per 100. GENERAL PRICE LIST sent Free on application. MORRISON BROTHERS, NURSERIES, ABERDEEN. February 2i, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 253 CowAN's Patent Orchid Pottery. We are now Booking Orders for this Pottery, which consists of POTS, PANS, BASKETS and CYLINDERS, in various designs, specially adapted for Orchids of all kinds. Illuslraltl CIRCULARS, luiih frtcis and all jxirlicuhin, /rt< on application. ORCHI DS. We have at present a large stock of EAST INDIAN, SOUTH AMERICAN, and other ORCHIDS, which we offer at moderate prices. Priced LIST en afiplication. IMPORTATION of ORCHIDS. We are constantly receiving fresh IMPOR- TATIONS of ORCHIDS from our COLLEC- TORS, and shall be glad to forward particulars of each importation, as received, to all who kindly favour us with their names and addresses. Cowans Vine & Plant Manure. MaDufaclured by THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, And sold by them and all Nurserymen and Seedsmen. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. IMPORTANT NOTICE. Having made and sold this Manure under the Name of THOMSONS VINE AND PLANT MANURE, for the past three years, we are now making and selling it under the name of COWAN'S VINE and PLANT MANTXRE, and we guarantee that the high character which this Manure attained under the former name shall be maintained under the present one. An attempt is being made to create an impression that we are now making and selling an inferior article. To this we give an unqualified denial. Every ingredient in our Manure is of the best quality, as experience will continue to prove. See that all Bags and Tins bear our R^egistered Trade Mark Bags containing : — Tins containing : — I cwt. % cwr. % cwt. \, cwt. I 7 lb. aj^ lb. 188. 93- 6d. 6s. 33. I 2s. 6d. la. Quantities of i ton and upwards sent carriage free. Circulars, with full farliculars, on application. Prices to the Trade on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, OABSTON, near LIVERPOOL. Vegetable Seeds, \ of the Best Quality, Bnd at Flower Seeds, S '^°'^"^"= ^""'- ^■1 And other Choice FLOWER SEEDS, A Specialty. CINERARIA, CALCEOLARIA, PRIMULA, CATALOGUES fne on application. All Seeds Carriage Free. A Discount of 5 per Cent, for Cash. SEED WAREHOUSE :- 39, BOLD STREET, LIVERPOOL. GRAPE VINES.— The Company li.ive still a fine Stock of Fruiting and Planting Cane-. TEA ROSES.— A fine Slock still on li.ind, suitable for imtnediate Forcing. FERNS. — An immense Stock of Adiantum, Pteris, and other useful Ferns. — Prices and particulars on application ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS.— The Company have a fine Stock of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs suitable for Pleasure Grounds, Public Parks, &c. CA TALOGUES free. The Trade supplied. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Li.MiTEP, THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. HENRY ORMSON C O., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER HEATING ENGINEERS, STANXEY BRIDGE, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. Catalogues, Plans and Estimates free on application. Surveys made and Gentlemen waited on in any part of the Country SHARPE'S EARLY PARAGON PEA. , J^ $■ « EST ARRO K fy •6 -J 2 S 3 a. < ^ ^ UJ Q n UJ •- UJ -J 0 V* i. 31 g hi LI EST MARRO Pi i ^ First-class Certificate Royal Horticultural Society, 1884, PARAGON shows in many respects a great improvement upon any variety at present in the trade. It is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow of fine flavour ; height from 3 to 4 feet. The pods are produced two and three together in such abundance as to almost conceal the foUage. They are of an unusual size, broad and thick backed, containing from twelve to fourteen immense Peas packed in a double row as shown in the illustration. Paragon is the earliest of the large Wrinkled Marrows, being ready before Prizetaker. It is very hardy, and will stand earlier sowing than any Pea of its class. It is most valuable lor succession crops as it is not liable to mildew, and a constant supply of Peas for four months can be obtained from this one variety. TRADE PRICE PER BUSHEL ON APPLICATION, CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED MERCHANTS, SLEAFORD. Price \s. stitched. HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A POPULAR EXPLANATION OF THE BEST METHOD OF CULTURE, By WILLIAM EARLEY. Loudon : BRADBURY, AQNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G. 254 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 21, 1885. New Kidney Potato. BIRD'S DOCTOR BOB. — This is the earliest Kidoey variety in existence ; a very heavy cropper, as many as sixty tubers of al! sizes have been counted at a root. It is a seedling from Early King. After a trial of several years it has never taken disease. Eyes very shallow ; a good cooker, and fine flavour, sj. per stone. JAMES BIRD, American Nurseries, Downham Market. To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced • LIST of the above-named Seeds is now ready, and may be had on application. It ccmpribes all the very finest varieties of 1884 growth. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. SURPLUS STOCK CHEAP.— ROSES, &c. icoo Dwarfs, consistinpr of A. K. VViliiams, Gloire de Dijon, Cetioe Foresller. Lamarque, Alfred Colomb, General, and a few other New, for £,\% is., or assorted at 30J. per 100 ; other good sorts, 2of. PRIVET, Oval-leaf, strong, 2 to 3J.2 feet, 35J. per I030. Scotch FIR, fine, extra transplanted, 3^^ to 6 I'eel. A few QUICKS, from 15J, per rcoo. Fine Standard MARECHAL NIEL and A. K. WILLIAMS, 12s. per dozen. W. GROVE, Nurseryman, Hereford. RAPES THIS YEAR. FRUITING CANES, js. firf. and loj. 6J. each. PLANTING CANES, 3s. 6d. to js. 6fi. each. Leading king^, perfectly ripened without bottom-heat. DUKE OF BUCCLEUCH, gralted. jsj. each. JAMES DICKSON & SONS, " Newton " Nurseries. Chester. 7^ STEVE N S, F.R.H.S., St. John's VJ • Nursery, Pulnev, is now Booking- Orders for his New CHRYSANTHEMUMS, which will be sent out in April next :— WHITE PERFECTION, beautiful single, very free and compact grower, acknowledged to be the finest of this class of Chysanihemums, First-class Certificate, National Chrysanthe- mum Society, 1884. 2J. 6d. each. TERKA-COTIA, single, beautiful bright colour, very free and cf^mpact grower, fine for ("onssrvatory decoration. First- class Certificate, National Chrysanthemum Society, 1884. 2S. 6d. each. MAGENTA KING, a beautiful sweet-scented Anemone pompon, with a very high centre, and of a very bright clour, a very great acquisiliou to this class of Chryanthemums. First- class Certificate, National Chrysanthemum Society, 1884. 2*. 6/i. each. G. STEVENS, a charming reflexed variety, of a bright crimson-chocolate colour, showing gold under-surface. Quite distinct from any other variety. First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 1883, and National Chrysanthemum Society, 1884. js. each, i^ 31^. post-free. Cash with mdtr. CHRYSANTHEMUM CATALOGUE two stamps. Wholesale List of Vegetable Seeds. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to • forward their WHOLESALE LIST of Home Grown VEGETABLE SEEDS to those who have not yet received ir. It comprises all the best varieties in cultivation, and the quality ot the seeds is exceptionally Eood. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. To Nurserymen and Growers of Cut Flowers for MARKET. FOR SALE, a few hundred LILIES of the NILE, the lovely Variegated Arum. Flowers pure white, jujt starting into growth and right for potting. They are planted out in border of cool house. Ihere are also a few dozen in pots. Apnly to Mrs. NORTH, *' King's Head." Byfleet, Surrey. UTTON'S MAGNUM BONUM SEED. — For Sale, about 200 tons, in prime dry, bright condition, true to name, free from disease, and hand-picked to one unilorm medium si2e. Free on rail at 40J. per ton, or a 4-ton truck for ^7. Seed from fresh soil and climate generally produces 2 or 3 tons per acre more sound Potatos than home-grown. Freight to any station in England or Wales sent on application. J. THOMAS SMITH, Potato Grower. Wisbech. Cambs. EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Orders are now being booked for the new varieties for 1885. Rooted Cuttings, los. (>d. per dozen ; Varieties of 1S33-4. 5^. per dozen; best older varieties, 25. t>d. per d'lzen ; Unrooted, td. per dozen less. Post-free for P.O.O. CATALOGUE one stamp. Orders executed strictly in rotati'"in. R. OWEN, Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, 4.iibstantial receptacle to rejili from the i cwt. bags. Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists in the Kingdom ; or. in districts where no Agents reside— Carriage Paid lor Cash with Order— duect from the manufacturer, W.H Beeson.Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. Testimonials from the Rev. Canon Hole, and moit of the leading Gardeners, free on application. Pure Crushed Unboiled BONES, any sizf^, for Vine Borders, &C. WHOLESALE AGENTS IN LONDON, CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO (Limited). L~^MON OIL INSECtlcTDETRegisteVed)." — Soluble in water. The cheapest, safest, and most cfTeclual Insecticide extant. Haimli:s:i to flower and loli^ge, In.stant death to Mealy Bug, Scale, Thnp., Rtd Spder, Green and Black Fly, American Blijihl, Mildtw, Ants, &c As a winter dressing unequalled. See circulars, with testimonials, from many of the leading Gardeners on its behalf. Sold by most of the leading Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Garden Manure Manufacturers, in tins-per pint, 1.1 6d.\ quart, 2^. gt/.; half gallon, 55. ; gallon, qs. Directions for use with each tia. Wholesale, J. W. COOKE, Market Place. W ins ford ; and A. LAING. Rawcliffe, Selby, Yo.k, ; also Messrs OSMAN AND CO., 15, Windsor Street, Bishopsgate, London ; and W. ERASER, lii, High Street. Perth. EUREKA! ! INSECTICIDE, prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, Stockbrldge, Edinburgli. Highest Awardy Forestry Exkibition, Edinburgh. " Clovenfords, by Galashiels, N.B., July 25, 1883. " Mr. Smith, — Dear Sir, — We have now tried your Insecti- cide 00 all the Insects we can find on any of our Plants, includ- ing Orchids, and used as directed by you we find it instant destruction to them all, while it neither stains nor injures the tenderest leaf. We shall in future use no Fir-tree Oil, or other Insecticide but yours. — We are, yours truly, "WILLIAM THOMSON and SONS." WHOLESALE AGENTS:— CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., 18, Flnsbury Street, London, EC MEREDITH'S Vine and General Plant Manure. Manufactured ty Joseph Meredith, lato of The Vineyard, Garston. GREAT INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EX- HIBITION. held at Hamburg— The MASSIVE SILVER CUP given by Her Majesty Qu^EN Victoria for the Best Specimen of Grapes was awarded to JOSEPH MEREDITH. This and other famous successes largely attributable to the use of this celebrated Manure. Used regularly in most of the leading establishments in the United Kingdom. CIRCULARS, with price and full directions for use, free on application to JAMES mCEKEDITH, Seedsman, Ac, 126, BRIDGE STREET, WARRINGTON. THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT MANURE. — This Manure is now solely manufactured by us, on our pretnises here, and to be had through all Nurserymen and Seedsmen, or direct from us. We will be happy to forward descriptive circulars in reply to applications, containing terms, &c W. THOMSON and sons, Tweed Vineyard, Clovenfords by Galashiels. Qtn««(ui-i«a GARDEN REQUISITES. I Two Prize Medals. Quality. THE BEST in the Market. (AH sacks included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous . . ^s 6/. per sack ; 5 sacks for 2?j. PEAT, best black fibrous .. y. 6d. „ s sacks foricx PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5J. od. „ LOAM, best^yellow fibrous .. "i per bush, (sacks included). '::) \.. PRE PAR ED COM POST.best LEAF MOULD, best only . PEAT MOULD SILVER SAND, coarse, is. ^d. per bush., 12s. half-ton, 2zs.lon RAFFIA FIBRE, best only.. .. Srf per lb TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported .. id lb., s8 lb 181 TOBACCO PAPER ,. (Spiciahi^) S./. lb. 28 lb! i8f! MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack.. sr. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected 2s. per bush., is. per sack. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, IS. each ; 10 sacks, gs. ; rs sacks, 131. ; 20 sacks, 17X. ( 30 sacks, 2Sr. ; 40 sacl(s, 30^. Truck-load, loose, free on rait, 301. Limited quantuies of G., special quality, granulated, in sacks only. 2s each. Terms, strictly Cash with order CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD. MILWAtL, LONDON. E. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since iSig against Ked Spider. Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Ulight. i to a ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to i& ounces as winter dre;-siiig for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede It. tJoxes, is., 3^., and los. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soften wet ground. Boxes, 6d. ar.d is., from the Trad^. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. SILVER SAND, coarse, 6s., Sj. and los. pir ton. Sussex and Kent PEAT and LOAM, 6s., Ss. and- lor. per cubic yard. Free on rail by iruckloads. In sacks at moderate prices.— W. SHORT, Horticultural C-impany, Mid- hurst, Sussex. Esiablished 1862. Importaut to Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and hardeners. C4.EOKGli'S GENUINE ROLL TOBACCO ^ PAPER, aUo TORACCO CLOTH, acknowledged to he the hcst in the market, and supplied to most of the leadii g Nurserymen and Seedsmen in England. Trade Price very low. Samples sent on api'Iicition. J. GEORGF, 10, Victoria Road. Putney, S.W. PURE WOOD CHARCOAL FOR VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREKS. STRAWBERRIES, ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES, AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds, Yorkshire. ~ ~~- ^ V Wood Labels and Flower-sticks supplied cheap by *. X\J E. BAKTHOLOME, Manufacju^ER? » » • of Wood SrECiALTies. Geschwenda, near Ci.ifen- roda in Thuiingia, Germany. Wholesale preferred. Pricts on application. GARDEN NETTI N~G (each piece 30 yards long). No. 2 at 4X''. per run >ard of 54 inches ; 72-inchi (}^d. ; loo-iiich, SJ/rf. No. 3 at sUif- per run yard of 54 inches; ys-Inch, j^^d.; icc-inch, io}^d. TT O T H O U S E SHADINGS -*--*- (each piece 30 yards I'ng). Fine NETTING 5J»(^. per ruu yard of 54 inches; ■J2'^uci\,^%d. loo-inch. io14d. Na. 6a NETTING gj^d. per run yard of 34 itcheb ; ^s-inch, is. o%d. ; 100-inch, IS. 6d. No. 6 NETTING lod. per run yard of 54 inches; 7z-in<:h, JS. id.; ii o-inch, IS. jd. No. r TIFFANY. 3^, 6d. per piece, 20 yards X -33 inches wide. No. 2 TIFFANY, 4s, per piece, 20 yards x 38 n.ches wide. P.S. — Nettings and Shadings made up in blinds if required. RALPH WALLER and CO. (Limited), 45, Dale Street, Manchester. Gentlemen having Waste or "Unprofitable Land SHOULD AnXY FIR PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES TO Mr. COOPER, F.R.H.S., CALCOT GARDENS. READING. BERKS. Vol. I (743 Illustrations), 155., Mnntly Paris is. DICTIONARY of GARDENING; a Scientific ard Piactical EncycU ]i;f diu of Horticulture for Gardeners and Botanists. Edited by GEO. NRHOLSON, of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. London : S. UPCOTP GILT , 170, Stiand, W.C. Post-free. 6ll WOI^KS,FALKIRK,N.B. i^vio §Swan,^!^nager5 S. OWENS & CO., HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS, WHITEFRIARS STREET^ LONDON, E.G. THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM. This useful Sel/.acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is suited for supplying Pubbc or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c. No. 37. DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power. No. 63. PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or oteam Fower. No. 46a. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW fir^wrteri^g No. 49a. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for GardenUse No. 50 and 543. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description. ^°- f-rZ?^!'^^'^ LIQUID-MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction. No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs. No. 543. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the Right Hon. the Earl of Essex. No. 44. WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes. No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS. No. 39*. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for Garden use. WAt'eR wSeeS, ^-KlumtKV^t^Tl2T%lT»t°^lw^^^^ Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES, HYDRANTS. ^O^Vl^^^'^^jr'-^J^^^^la^r^'lTn^^^i^^^ MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS- ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION. 256 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 21, 1885. J BLACKBURN and SONS, • Russia Mat Merchants and Importers. ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MATS of every de- scription at wholesale prices for Packing, Covering, and Tyije. fom I2J per loa. Manufacturers of SACKS and BAGSt, ROPES, LINES, and TWINES. SEED BAGS all sires, SI :RIM and TIFFANY, for shading and covering, mail widths : TANNED NETTING, TARRED TWINE and TARRED YARN, RAFFIA FIBRE for tying. TOBACCO PAPER and TOBACCO CLOTH. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, and GARDEN SUNDRIES. Price List free on application. Special Quotations to large buyers. 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.G. Russia Mat Mercbajits. ARCHANGEL MATS, PETERSBURG MATS, of all qualities and sizes, RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER, &c. For Wholesale Prices aopiv to the large^it Importers and Manufaclurers — MAREN- DAZ and FISHEK, 9, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C. STON ClInTON STRAW MATS.— The warmest covering for Pits and Frames. Sues :— 6 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. 9 in. at 2j. ; 6 tt. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in. at is. -id. ; 6 ft. 6 in. by 7 ft . 31. id. Anply to Miss MOLIQUE, Aston Clinton. Tring. RUSSIA "mats. TAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every '* description of RUSSIA MATS for Coveiing, Tying, and Packing, at the very lowest possible prices. TOBACCO P^PfcK, RAFFIA, BROWN PEAT, SILVER SAND, lOCOA fibre REFUSE(Best only), and other HORTI- CULTURAL REQUISITES. Full Descriptive Priced CATALOGUE post-tree on application. 149, Commercial Street. Shorediich, London, E. Under the Patronage of the Queen. JSMITH'S IMPERISHABLE • STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with kaised BLACK FACED LETTERS. The Gariieners Magazine says :— " We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford -on- A von. GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin CorV. Raffia, Mats. Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, go, Lower Thames St.. London. E.G. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SON, 9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of m in. by iiin. , 30 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., ao in. by 18 in., in 16-02. and 21-OZ. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in aoo-ft. and 300-ft. cases SPECIAL GLASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c. AH sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application. T. & W. F A R M I L O E, Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W. Bosher's Garden Edging Tiles. ^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS - are made in materials of great datability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and, once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do " grown " Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfriats. S.E, ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. : Kingsland Road. E Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT " ACME" FRAMES, PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. ficCi from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or more elaborate Deigns, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety, Slates, Cement.&c. F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. JOHN SHAW AND CO., 31, Oxford Street, O Manchestbr, Manufacturers of TI FFANY and NET- TING of every Description. Circular and Prices on application. The Original and only Genuine Trentham Rivetted Boiler. Recently Improved and Reduced in Price. Also Makers of all other kinds of Boilers for Heating. s I L V R SAND, fine or coarse grain as desired. Pric«. by post, per Ton or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pitg to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK UURRS for Rockeriei or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B, — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharvel A liberal Uisco\tnt to the Trade. HOT-WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS of every description for Heating Apparatus. THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM. HIGH and LOW PRESSURE and HOT-AIR HEATING APPARATUS ERECTED and GUARANTEED. FRED, SILVESTER, Castle Hill Foundry, Newcastle, Staffordshire. THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE HOT-WATER APPARATUS. Price as engraving^, with Boiler, open feed syphon, n ft. of 4 uich hot water pipe, and patent joints, complete, ,£4 a,s. Delivered free to any Station. Discount for Cash. This is the simplest, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus made, It requires no brick setting, no stokehole, and no hot- water fitter for fixing. The Boiler stands in the Greenhouse, the front only being outside and flush with the outer wall, so that the whole of the heat from the boiler iiseU is utilised. It burns over 12 hours wiihnut attention, at a nominal cost. ** Loughborough " Roilsrs to heat up lo 650 ft. of 4-in. pipe, with hot-water pipe, joints, &c., always in stock. COST OF APPARATUS FOR HOUSES OF ANY SIZE ON APPLICATION. The measurement of Greenhouse being given, every apparatus is deUvered with pi[>cs cut and fitted ready for fixing. Illustrated LIST with full particulars, post-free. TCoTE.— AH genuine Boilers have " The Loughborough Boiler " cast on. DEANE & CO., Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, ^'■sS.eIc"'} LONDON BRIDGE. THOS. W. ROBINSON, DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE, 4-in, Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. ^. each 4-iii. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4J. (id. each. Price List on application. IMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER. PATENT. Vine Rods are now attached to the wire, or lowered to be pruned, in a few moments. The fastener is always ready, and being made of strong material will last several years. Many ex- perienced Vine growers have already adopted it, and expressed their entire approval of the result. Box containing 6 dozen, price 55. Sold by R. H. and J. PEARSON, 141 and 141. High Street. Netting Hill, W. ; and J. W. DART, St. Aubin's, Jersey. JOHN CORBETT, Hot-water Engineer, CORPORATION ROAD. CARLISLE, Inventor and Sole Manui'acturer of the RIGMADEN WEOUGHT-IRON WATERWAY FIRE- BAR BOILERS The best and most economical Boilers ever introductd An additional heating power of fully one-third i^ obtained by the use of these Wrought-iron Waieiwav Bais. Churcfus, Schools, and all Horticultural Buildntgs Heafd on the most approved pHticiples by Hot Water. PLANS AND ESTIMATES FREE. OU Faint no Longer Necessarr- ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH, for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. iReiistered Trade Mark.) H This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint oa all outdoor woik, while it is fully two-thirds cht-aper. It was introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertiseis, and its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seaU of many hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most flattering testimonials have been received. Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at u. 6d. per gallon, at the Manufactory, or \s. 8d. per gallon carriage paid to any Station in the Kingdom. Unsolicited Testimonial. *' Piercefteld Park. June xi, 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask, to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as ihe last we had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re- spectfully, Wm- Cox.'* C-4 £/770A'.— Hill & Smith would particularly warn their Customers against ihe various cheap Varnishes now so much advertised. H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ; and iheir constantly increasing trade in it. and the numerous Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article. Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine. Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field and Entrance Gates. &c , sent free on application to HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire; 1 18, Queen Victoria Street. London, E.C. ; and 196. St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, R. S. DUNBAR & CO. (Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY), No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4-inch. \s. ^d. per yard, 2S. ^d. each. 3i. 6d. each. 3^. 6af, each, Boilers in great variety in stock. A Discoimt for Cash to the Trade. 2-inch. 3-inch. HOT-WATER PIPES . IS. od. . ,. IS. ifd. „ „ ELBOWS .. . IS. 2d. . , I J. gd. .. „ SYPHONS .. . IS. gd. . . 2s. 6d. „ ,, TEES , IS. gd. . ,. 2s. 6d. February 21, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 257 FOSTER & PEARSON, Beeston, Notts. < > O s o M s I p "2 1% BOULTON & PAUL, Norwich, SEND FOR Ho. 60 —Span-root Plant Protector. CATALOGTJES. No. 64 —Span-roof Plant Frame. The Gardeners' favourite Frame, used for storing bedding plants in winter, and in summer for growing Melons, &c., ar- ranged to build on brick work as shown, iucludiogz glass ends ^ s Invaluable in large gardens for prolectine plants in open ground, or storing same when turned out of conservatory. CASH PRICES, including Packing Cases. 6 feet long, 3 feet wide, including one pair of ends £,1. i o ^ Length. 12 feet i3 „ '4 .. 30 .. '4 30 Width. 5 feet 5 ,. S ,1 5 .. 6 ,. 6 „ 6 ,. 6 Price. {,% 5 <- 6 10 9 o Packing Cases. 45. dd. "g No. 74. -Three-quarter Span-roof Garden Frame, o Made to any length. See Cataloijue lor larger sizes. No. 75.- Melon and Cucumlier Frame. REDUCED CASH PRICES. Carriage Paid. Size. Length. Width. Price. Packing Cases. No. 2 .. 8 (eet .. 6 feet .. £,\ 12 6 .. ^.od, No. 3.. I! ,, ..6 ,, .. 6 5 o .. 6 o No. 4 .. 16 ,, .. 6 ,, .. 8 o o .. 7 o Height ill from, 11 inches, back 22 inches, centre 32 inches. Lights made to turn over. Set-opes for ventilating. REDUCED CASH PRICES, Carriage Paid. Size. Length. Width. Price. Packing Cases. No. 2 .. 8 feet .. 6 feet .. £.Z 5 » -■ 4^-6*/. No. 3 .. 12 ,, .. 6 „ .. 4 12 6 .. 50 No. 4 .. 16 ,. .. 6 ,, .. 600 .. 56 Depth in front 13 inches, back 24 inches, lights 2 inchps thick, strengthened with iron rod. One handle to each light. Lights only, 6 ft. X 4 ft., unglazed and unpainted, 6x. each. Glazed with 2i-oz. sheet glass and painted 4 coats, i6f. each. All the Frames painted four coats and glazed with hest 21-oz. English Glass. All these Frames carriage paid to any Railway Station in England and Wales, also to Edinburgh and Dublin. Packing Cases allowed for in full if returned within fourteen days in good order and duly advised. HOETICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COUBINED. WOODEN CHAPELS. SHOOTING LODGES. COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS. VERANDAHS. &C. 8 i i -3 "2 ■ a 3 % o =0 s ri I "^ a .a 9. (J -s -s •2 I i J 6 BOT- '-Ifo^ JAMES BOYD & SONS, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS and HEATING ENGINEERS, PAISLEY. LONDON OFFICE : 48, Pall Mall. S.W. FERN BASKETS, Conservatory and Garden Wirework, SUSPENDING BASKETS, FLOWER STANDS, WIRE TBELLIS, VINE TRELLIS, PEACH TRELLIS, WALL WIRING. COVERED WAYS. GARDEN ARCHES, WIRE SUMMER HOUSES, ROSERIES. ROSE TEMPLES, ROSE FENCES, ROSE TRAINERS, ROSE SCREENS. BALLOON TRAINERS WIRE NETTING, PHEASANTRIES. AVIARIES, See Catalogue. R. H O L L 1 D A Y, HORTICULTURAL IRON AND WIRE WORKS, The '• Pheasantry," Beaufort Street, CHELSEA, S.W. IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS, Iron and Wire Espalier, &c. •WATEB, AFPA-BATUS for WARMING CHUECKE8. SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS, SABNESS BOOMS, DBTINa BOOMS, HOTfiOUBES and BUILDINGS of EVEBT DESCBIFTION. C A T A LOGO E Frit. Pttast name thii faptr. BAYLISS. JONES & BAYLISS, VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON ; And 3, Crooked Lane. King William Siieet, London, E.C. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the most useful kind of Frame (or Plant Growing, and every one wiih a garden should possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any sutioa in England, ready gla/ed and painted: — b reet long, 4 feet wide, packing cases free ^3 15 o 12 feet long, 4 feet wide, ,, ,, „ 4 is o 6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, ,, 3 iS o 12 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, „ 6 to o The glass is nailed and puttied m. R. HALLIDAY i; and Farmiutf Work iu all its branches Upwards o( thirty years' experience Refcrenc-^s good. — GARDENER, 3, S.uiideisCiuages, Mill H-il. N \V G^ \RUhNER (Working).— Age 26, single at piesent ; twelve years' piactical experience in tirst- clas tsiabliahments. — W. CL.'XRKE, Brancepeih Castle, Durum. ARL)t.iNEK, Bailiff, woods, &c.— Alt 37, m:»rried. The Advertiser is open lor an engage- ment wih.u.y Lady or Gentleman lequiring the services of a practical' m^ii in the above. Highest re'eretices. — R. L., Mrs. Schelbert, Fr^nt Green, Tunbridge Wells. GARDENER ; middle-aged, married, no family. — A Gentleman wishes to reci'mmen i his late Gardener. A thoroughly practical, sober, industrious man. Cause of IcAviiie;, given up esiabtishment. Wife Dairy or Poultry if r^^jmred. Personal character. — Address, first, C. W., 10, Deody S 'ct RTlham. ^.W. GARDEiNbR (bINGLE-HANDED).— Age 26, married ; ^--eil up in all branches of the profession. Six- teen ycirs' expe'ience. Well recommended. — H. BKOWU, 4, Yew Tree Tcrrare, Croydon Road, Bcckeuham, Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 26, single; well up in Vineiies, Siove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Seven years' character. — N. B., 9, Princess Me^'s Hereford Ko:^d. Ba^swater. S.W. GARDENER (good biNGLE-HANDED, or where one or more are kept). —Thoroughly understands his work Indoors and < >ut. First-class references. — H, T. STROUD, Petersfield, Hants. GARDENER (good Single-handed, or where help is given). — Age 26, married when suited; ten years' experience in every branch ot Girdening. Highly recom- mended.— A. JONES, 2q, Poplar W;-lk Road. Heme Hil.,S.E. GARDENER, under Head Gardener, or FOREMAN in the Houses, in a Nobleman's or Gentle- man's esubliihment. — Age 23 ; hightst references from last and present employers. Abstainer. — W. PEARCE, Middle Road, Harrow, Middlesex. GARDENER (Second), where three or four are kept. — Age 21; two and a half years' excellent character from last situation. — W. SMITH, 2, Swell Row, Butts Green, Romford. /"^ARDENER (Second), where not less than VJ two arc kept, tn the Houses. — Age 23 ; good reference from present employer. — T. S., The Gardens, Bodorgati, Llangefni, Anglesea. GARDENER (Second, or where one or two are kept). — Age 2S ; thoroughly understands Glass, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Two and a half years' good character. — A. L,, 70, Standaid Street, New Kent Road, S,E. C:j.AKD£NER (Second, or otherwise).— Age •^ 25, married ; thoroughly understands Stove and Green- housejPlants,-some knowledge of Orchids, Fruit, Flower, and Kitchen Garden, Table and other Decorations. — W, M., 35, Barn^^e^^ Road» Brixton, SW. GARDENER (Third), or IMPROVER.— Age 20 ; can be highly recommended. Good know- ledge, bothy preferred. Premium given in good establish- ment.—N., Heme Cottage, Heme Place, Heme Hill, S.E. GARDENER (Under) in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's family. — Age ig ; good experience. — W, A., 19, Keen's Road, Croydon. ARDENER (Under), in a good establish- ment. — Age 33 ; strong and active ; brought up from his youth to Gardening. Good knowledge of Forcing. Good references, &c. Bothy preferred.— JOHN W. NICHOLSON, Solberge Gardens, Northallerton, Yorkshire. ERBACEOUS FOREMAN.— Thoroughly experienced, practical man. — Apply, stating particulars to B. M. S.. Mrs. Almond, i, Ingham Street, Boughton. Chester. FOREMAN, or good Single-handed. — Age 24. single ; two years in last place. Good cha- racter.—A. W., i(, Bell Street. Henley-on-Thames. FOREMAN, in a good estabHshment. — Age 28 ; fourteen years' good practical experience in all branches of the profession. Four years' good character. — T. WAREHAM, Famngdon. Alton. Hants. FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age a6 ; eleven years' practical experience. Four years' excellent characier from last situation. —J, H., 4, Latimer Road. Godalming. Surrey. IpOREMAN, in a good establishment. — ■ ^ Age 26 ; can be highly recommended from present and previous place. Two years as Foreman, Gootl experience in all branches. Total abstainer. — W. TUCK, The Gardens, Surrenden. Dering, Pluckley, Kent. FOREMAN ; age 26.— Mr. Francis, Gar- dener to R- G. Allan, Esq.. Rosemont, Aigburth, near Liverpool, can highly recommend W. Davis, as a thoroughly trustworthy and energetic man. Eleven years' practical ex- peiience in good establishments. Tj^OREMAN ; age 27.— Mr. Stagg, Gardener J- to P. Rawson, Esq , Woodhursl. Crawley, Sussex, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, who has Jived with him six years, to any one requiring a trustworthy energetic man. Eleven years' experience. FOREMAN. — Age 26 ; nearly six years in present situation.— T. BURGESS, Temple Gardens, Great Marlow, Bucks. FOREMAN, in a good establis im. nt.— Ten ■years' experience; good references. — CHARLES ROBERIS. Rockingham. Leicester. FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Has had long experience in first-cla»s esi3bii>hnients ; under- sLinds Early and Late Forcing, and General Ruuiine of a Large G.'trden. Highly reccmmeoded from present and previous places.— J. TOY. Enville, near Stourbridge. Staffordshire. FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age 26 : twelve years' E"od practical experience in all branches of the pro'essioii. Two years' characier from present situation. - W. PROSSER. The Gardens, Franks Hall, Dartford, Kent. FOREMAN.— Age 27 ; eight years' ex- perience, four years in Plant and Fruit Houses at Lockerley Hall, near Romsey, Hants. Can be well recommended by present and previous employers for sobriety, &c. — WILlIAM DuWUNG, Lotkerley Hall, near Romsey, Hants. FOREMAN.— Mr. G. Abbey, Paxton Park, St. Neot's, can with confidence recommend his late P' ore- man, F. Hanson, to aay Gardener. Good practical experience in all branches including Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Pines, Vines, Peaches, Melons. Cucumbers House and Table Decora- tion, &C.—F. HANSON, Fishlakc, Djacister. IpOREMAN, or good SINGLE-HANDED.— Age 25; understands Vines. Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Ferns, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Kitchen Gardening, First-class characier. — JOSEPH ROBINSON, Cleveden. Maidenhead, Berks. Xj^OKEMAN, or Second, in a good Garden, -*- — Age .^4 : five years' experience. Testimonials from good Gardeners.— F. H,, H. Hawks, i, Southsea Cottages, Southsea Road, Suibiton, Kingstou. OREMAN, or SECOND.— Age 26; twelve years' practical experience in all branches. Highly recommended. — G., Mr. Fox, The Gardens, The Cedars, Lee, Kent. "C^OREMAN, or Second, in the Houses.— J- Seven years' experience in all branches ; two years' good character from present place. —D. FEAKE3, Sir H. Bessemer's, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, S.E. POREMAN, or Second in a private estab- J- lishment.— Age 26, single; good experience in all branches. Good character and reterences.— liARDENER, Old Angel Cate, Basingstoke, Hants. FOREMAN, or good JOURNEYMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's establishment. — J. C. Collins. Gardener to G. S. Lancester, Esq., J. P., Melton House, Waterloo Villa, Cosham. Hants, can highly recom- mend a thoroughly trustworthy and energetic young man, who has lived with him four years as above. Bothy preferred. — Full particulars on application. Tj^OREMAN PROPAGATOR (Indoor).— J- Plants, Cut Flowers, Grapes, Cucumbers, &c.. for Market or other purposes. Good references.— A. B., i, Albion Terrace. Childs Hill, Kilburn, N.W. POREMAN PROPAGATOR and J- GROWER,— Sixteen years' practical experience in the Nursery and Florist Trade. Propagating and Growing of Hard and bolt-wooded Plants, making Wreaths, Crosses. Bouquets, &c. Good references. — H.J. , 4, Armoury ITer race, Shrewsbury. To the Trade. FOREMAN, MANAGER, or as TRAVEL- LEK. — Middle-aged ; thoroughly experienced, and good business man. Has a good connection amongst Horticultiuists and the Trade. — S., Brunswick Gardens, Leamington. PROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market. J~ — Age 29, single ; sixteen years' experience. Good refer- ences. State wages.- A. B. C, Mead Institute, Childs Hill, Kilburn, N.W. ' JOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's garden.— v^ Age 20 ; six and a half years' experience. Boihy preferred. — C. FERMER, Botanic Gardens, Queen's Road, CheLea.S.W. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23I two years' character from last situation.— C. MARSHALL, The Gardens, Beckenliam Place. Beckeuham, Kent. JOURNEYMAN, under a Foreman.— Age ig ; three years' good character. Bolhy preferred.- A. J., Mr. Hill, Baker, Ham, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment; age 21.— Mr. Durrant, Gardener. Charapneys, Triog, Herts, wishes to recommend a young man. Very steady and attentive to duties. OURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's establish- meat. — Age 22 ; nine years' experience. Good character. State wages, &c.— JOSEPH HORNER, Harmby, near Bedale, Yoiks. I OURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in the ^ establishment ot a Lady or Gentleman. — Age 20 ; has had five years' experience. — HENRY KERR, Winmarleish Gardens, Garstang. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good establUhmenl.— Seven years' experience. Well lecom- mended from present and previous places. — F. P., 2, Park Cottages, Willoughby Park Road, Tottenham, Middlesex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good tJ establishment.- Age 22 ; six years' experience. Good character. Bothy preferred.— W. NORWOOu, 200, Whitham Road, Broomhiil, ShefHeld. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23; ^ seven years' experience ; excellent testimonials from last place. Bothy preferred.— F. G, SKELTON, 4, MiU Street, Altrinchajn^ Cheshire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; has had eight years' experience. Indoors and Out. Six and a half years' good character from present employer.— J. GREGORY, The Gardens, Mickleover Manor, near Derby^ JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 22.— Mr. McMillan, Gardener, Moreton, Bideford, Devon- shire, will be pleased to recommend a young man as above. Thorough good character. JOURNEYMAN and IMPROVE~R under glass and in garden. — Age so ; three years in present place. Highly recommended by his clergyman. — HARRY ANDREWS, Westmill Rectory. Buntingford. IMPROVER, in the Houses, in a Gentleman's garden.— Age 20; good character.— C. WEST, Church Street, West Tarring, Worthing, Sussex. IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's establishment. — Age 19 ; good references. Bolhy preferred. Premium given.- W. B., Head Gardener, Chacombe Priory, Banbury. IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's garden.— Age 19 ; four years' experience Indoors and Out. No objec- tion to give a Premium if required. Good character. Bothy preferred.— F, BURTON, Cliff Lodge, Leyburn, Bedale. IMPROVER, in the Houses or Garden.— Age 21 ; accustomed to work inside. Good character from present situation.— F. SCRIMSHAW, Oakadd, The Avenue, Gipsy Hii), S.E. IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's garden, where a thorough system of gardening is carried out. — Age 18 ; two and a half years under glass. Good references. A Premium would be paid. — W. G., i, Frederick Villas, Crescent Road, Ramsgate. O MARKET NURSERYMEN.— A young man (age 20). used to Potting, Watering, Picking and Packing Flowers, and General Routine of Nursery Work, seeksasituationinagood Nursery, as Assistant intheSioves. &c. Trustworthy and industrious. Good character. — Please state wages and particulars to H. C, Mr. Barter, High Street, Mitcham. O GARDENERS.— Wanted, a place in Houses, under a Foreman : age 21. Two years and six months good character.— J. W. LOCKYER, The Gardens, The Hill, Witley, Surrey. TO GARDENERS.— Mr. G. Bailey, Holly Hill Gardens, Southampton, would be glad to recom- mend a young man for the Houses. — Full particulars as above. O SEEDSMEN.— Wanted, by a young man (age 20), a situation in a Seed Shop. Six and a half years' experience in the Nursery, Florist, and Seed Trade, with a knowledge of Book Keeping. Excellent cha- racter.—DAVID INGAMELLS, Kirkstead, Horncastle. 0 THE CORN and SEED TRADE.— A young man (age 20), respectably connected, seeks employ- ment in the Corn and Seed Trade. Two and a half years in a small nursery. First-rate character, undeniable references. Small Premium, State salary in or out of house, — J. SAL- TON, South-Eastern Road, Ramsgate, O FLORISTS.— Young girl (17) is anxious to enter a Florist's Shop. Slight experience. Undeniable references, — K. C, H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent. EEPER (Under).— Head Keeper's son wants a situation as above ; understands Dog Breaking, Pheasant Rearing, good Rabbit and Vermin Killer. Can have a good character from last situation. — C. JONES, 48, Prospect Hill, New Swindon. OUSE CARPENTER, in Gentleman's mansion. — Age 28, married ; good Mechanic ; town and country experience. Good references. — A. F., 66, Crowndale Road, Oakley Square. N.W. GRATEFUL— COMFOHTING. EP PS' S CO COA. BREAKFAST. " P.y a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by acareful appli- cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps has provided our breakfast tables with a delicately flavoured beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point. We may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished ffame." Civtl Service Gazette. Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in Packets, labelled thus :— JAMES EPP3 & CO., Homos opatblc Chemists, London. Cure of an Old and Distressing Cough by DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS. — Front Mr. Soars, Loughborough, — " It gives me great pleasure to bear testimony as to the efficiency of Dr, Locock's Wafers. A gentleman troubled for a long time with a constiuiional cough tried one box of the Wafers, and was entirely cured by ihem." Dr. Locock's Wafers give instant relief and a rapid cure to Asthma, Consumption, Coughs, Bronchitis, Colds, all disorders of the Breath and Lungs, and taste pleasantly. Price IS. j%d. per box. OLLOWAY'S PILLS. — NERVOUS DEBILITY. — No part of the human machine requires more watching than the nervous system — upon it hangs health and li''e itself. These Pills are the best regulators and strength- eneis of the nerves, and the safest general purifiers. Nausea, headache, giddiness, numbness, and mental apathy yield to them. 1 hey dispatch in a summary manner those distressing dyspeptic symptoms, stomachic pains, fulness at the pit of the stomach, abdominal distension, and overcome both capricious appetites and confined bowels — the commonly accompanying signs of defective or deranged nervous power. Hollo way's Pills are particularly recommended to persons of studious and sedentary habits, who gradually sink into a nervous and debili- tated statt, imiess some such restorative be Cfccasioaally taken. 26o THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. IPebKuasv 21, 1885. FOSTER & PEARSON. HOETICULTURAL BUILDERS, BEESTON. NOTTS. MELON or STOVE HOUSE. PATENT THROTTLE VALVES With Brass or Iron Beatinga. " CHILWELL NURSERIES" HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER. PRICE LISTS AND OTHER INFORMATION ON APPLICATION. A^varded Thirteen 1st Prizes ESTABLISHED . 1841 CATALOGUES \s. each. APRICOT WALL COVER with Movable Lights. MOVABLE PLANT HOUSE on Iron-Standards. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Cfitaliltsfteti 1841. No. 583-— Vol. XXIII.jsER^ES.} SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 28 188^ j Registered M the Gen^al ? PriceBd. . ' ' ^^0* 1_ Post-office as a Newspaper. fpoST-FREE, ^H CONTENTS. Apples and soils .. Artificial manure for bulbs Ituckingbamihirc garden, (rem a .. C*meliias Chinese Coni'ers,. Crypiotiylis longifolia .. Cypripcdium caidiiiale .. ,, leucorrhodiim Fir branch defniiiKd Florists' flowers .. Flower garden, ihe Forests and clinate Gardeners at the present time Hardy fruit garden, the Herbaceous border, the Java, an invitation to .. Kalamjzoo Celery Kitchen garden, the l^ petite culture . . Laelia ancei s I^th) rus silvestris Mandevilla sutveolens .. Masdevallia Wa li;ii siu- penda .. Melons, cuhivaiion of early Mnonock Mand, ihe ., Naici>5us comniiiiee Obituary ,. OfLhids for aimteurs , . s?4 Orchid notes and glean- ings Permanent beds for the llower garden .. Plants and iheir culture Propagatrr, the .. Protecting the blossoms of fi uit trees on walls . . Pruning Dendrobiums .. Sale of the late f. Ander- son-Henry's botanical library Societies : — Edinburgh Botanical., Royal Microscopical .. Spani-h Daffodils, the doubling of Spira;a media Sulphide of potassium .. Sunlight, influei.cs ou ve- getation.. Tea-hoUses Vievesia Sundiaca Ullucus. the Vegetable culture Venetian sashes lor glass- houses ., .. Victoria regia, the Wall fruit t>ee proteciion Wheat, price of . . Woodwardia radicans .. Weaiher ILLUSTRATIONS. Crypro'tvlis Inrgifolia Kir hraiiih, defoinicd .^'piiaja roiundifolia alba Venttian-houic Victoria regia, leaf of * Woodwaidia radicans 274 283 271 279 JVOT/Cf: to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at DRURY LANE. Tj^ARNINGHAM ROSE Tu AXT^,"T'f«?*^H^^"LTURAL SOCIETY. x?cnAv ^tH"^^ exhibition will be held on WED- r»fc.3lJAY, July r. ,,, ^ ,,„ FarniDeharn^ __ W. and J. HODSOLL, Hod. Sees. a H E F F FE^LD ^B OTA nTc A L ^n...^"""^ HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. fbimt'^^ Pb"""",°^''' "^ Pi-ANTS, FLOWERS, and SATirlniv" P",""'"' G^dens, Sheffield, on FRIDAY and .SAIUKUAY, July I7 and i8. TWO HTrNnpirn ., a FI PTY POUNDs'iu 'prizes. Prl. Sch"dYKy?. Ill t^n application to ' Mr. JOHN EWING. Curator. =1 the Gardens 'THE GARDENERS' ROYAL J- BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION A SPECIAL GENERAL MEETING of iho Subscribers '? '^,;ii^j.';^""°" ""'"'= '"'I"' °" FRIDAY, MarchiTnSt M the BEDFORD HOTEL. COVENT GARDEN London' " consider a recommendation from the Committee as to certain modlScatioDS of the Rules of the Institution, but mo,e pirtic" Vfir'r i °iS S ' ' ^""'9n,o' 'he Subscribers to " ALTERING RULE No. 8. so as to INCREASE the PENSIONS of the Society by /< per annum each." The Chair will be taken at 5 o Clock precisely. By order, T • , u i^^li^^ ROGER CUILER, Secretary. T4, Tavistock Row. Covent Garden, W.C, Feb. i8 1885 "( MNERARIA PIP SHOW.-Wlii^n^KT],:. V^ sen the following to show even when our individual lljwera are put m competition how they distance others — Mr. S. GREEN,'=75, BarkerindRoad. Bradford. Feb. 2, ,88^ • A?^ ^A .'° '""","> yo" ">at the Cineraria blooms no! only gained the first prize, but were a mile in advance of all others ■ in lact, they caused quue a sensation, and were the talk of theshnw " ^ H^ CANNELL AND SONS, The Home o?F5owers, Swanle;. ( ^ E D R U S DEODAR A.- •■ Royal Nutseries, Ascot. Tf OR SALE, a quantity of good healthy- T^-^.AVIY" PINES. For particulars apply EDMUND P. DIXON, The Nurse.i^. Hull. RAPES tITTs y ear FRUITING CANES, 7^. f,d. and loi 6rf each PLANTING canes;].. 6d. to 7/ <&. each lAMFS mrT'fnw''/'£°^''ifS"? '^P^""^ ""''°"" bottom-heat, JAMES DICKSON & SONS.^'Newton " Nurseries, Chester. CAULIFLOWER PLANTS.Xutumn-Sown, HERK%°''h'4^nri'°i '^'\,'r'Ti,-^ CABBAGE PLANTS, ?iS?freeof '^^^ ^'=- PI-ANTS, cheap, carriage paid! EDWARD LEIGH. Ivy House, Cranleigh, Surrey. TOMATO.-The beTt~ia^ur and finest for „„, j"?""^'!""-- '^'"^^ Criterion. True selected seed, im- ^Aot""" """^'A^J'^' ^y "•"'■ «<'■ P" P"ket. h™ N ^"^ ^^'^^' Seedsmen, 1,0, Market Hall. Birming. ham Nurseries. Bumiogham. ^ g~Q~UEirCH I^ B A R N H A M, f^ Long Market. Covent Garden. London, W.C, REQUIRE a quantity of fine Muscats, for which they can offer good prices. also fine Black Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, choice Flowers, &c. QQUELCH AND BARN HAM. .VT Si^g personal attention to all consignments, they are thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. QQUELCH Xnd B A R N H A IVL CHEQUES forwarded weekly BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES BASKETSand LABELS supplied. WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W C^ » » are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMFNT'? ^1 french"beans°T^''?' , cucumbers?''to^«$'atos 1-Kll.NLH BEANS. Gros Colmar and Alicante GRAPES. W To NuTBerymen. ^ ANTED, 300 or 400 strong plants of common FURZE, from 12 to i3 incheshieh — AHHr,« wuh price, to FRANK DAVIES. The olJideri iS^hing Pa7k' W.-.__^ English Oaks. ANTED, 150 strong, transplanted, well- r4feeti;h^;rht.^i'^^Vit'^lc.','r ■- '° " •«•■ " " - ^^f|_^^lrCHA™ SONS. Royal Ex,tic Nursery WA J-?l?^*^°"'^*'^^'' «»e Trade ^J?^' „B«auty of Hebron and White C. FIDLER. 1^4 Ftiar S.r..ei. Read ng. PAUL'S, WALTHAM CROSS.— -L ROSES, TREES, EVERGREENS SHRIIRS CAMLLLIAS, BULBS. SEEDS, of .very description, of the I nrTi'JD^'t ''"l '"^ '" ^""- See Priced Descriptive CATA- L,OtjUES, free by post. WM. PAUL AND SON. Paul's Nurseries. Waltham Cross. T^^yARF roses, very cheap.-iooooo RrT,, '-f?'''"! ,\°"^. «™"B:. well.grown Plants, on the Seedling t,i,^f,''SHH^'"^'^ P""s °n application. ^ FRIEDRICH MULLER, Pinneberg. near Hamburgh. pOSES.-ROSES.-ROSES.-Fifty choic"e -J-V Perpetuals sent on receipt of remittance for aij : pur- chaser s selection from 400 best varieties. List of names on ap- ■^lA^' waTx^JK'°»"; """'"^ Standards, or Half-standards, 2,1 JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nmsery, Exeter, Devon. JJRIVET, Strong bushy oval-leaved, 4 to 5 ■- feet, suuable tor Hedges. Common LAURELS, strone. x ik?S?A% f • S=""Pl" ind Prices on application to 1 . JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston-on-Thames. S"o^.M':lI^.F°^'^--'^«=^"''f"' Specimens of y ORNAMENTAL and EVERGREEN TREES, in per- lect condmon for removal, at extraordinarily low prices orr-u rB'i^"'',...'?^'' J"" published, on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. TDARR'S COLLECTIONS of SEEDS for JL-' Flower or Kitchen Garden, for Home or Abroad. Pur- cnasers can make any altetalious they please. CATALOGUE free on application ^.'vw^ Ga^den^W.cC"" ^°^' " ""'' '^' '^'"^ S'"='' Movent nnwoli^UNDRED thousandTarch". .JZa ""r'- Transplanted last year. 9 to to 15 inches, strong, good roots. No reasonable offer refused. Samples aid piile sent to any address. f *-= _ApplytoW^ILLIAMTRESEDER^urseryman, Cardiff. (^lANT SCARLET BROMPTON^TOCK .V,„ -^,'°f'i"''S splendid large double flowers with spikes ^ to 2 feet ong. New Seed, grown in .884. price 1^: and 1^. 6d. per packet, post-free. boro°u"h'' ^T«'2'1CA and other GREENHOUSE PLANTS. 400 fine Standard and other ROSES, selected FRUIT TREES, Hardy CONI- FERS. SHRUBS. AMERICAN PLANTS, DAHLIAS, LILIUM AURATUM, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and 39, Gr.tcechurch Street, E.G., on TUESDAY. March 3, at 12 o'clock precisely. On view the morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and Do. Cheapside, E.G. Tuesday Next.-EstabUshed OrcMds. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT, March 3. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, about 400 lots of ESTAB- LISHED ORCHIDS, from various collections, including Dendrobium Farmer! roseum, Aoguloa Ruckeri, Cypripedium meirax, a specially fine and dark variety of Cattleya rriacje, with over twenty bulbs : Cattleya Dowiana, and many other species; also some valuable ZINNIAS, rare INDIAN LILIES, and 5000 Berlin crowns LILY of the VALLEY. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had^ Tuesday Next.— Warminster, Wilts. Re]. Wheeler— In Liquidation. -IM Pi .RTANT SALE of VALUABLE FREEHOLD PROPERTIES. To Nurserymen. Builders, and Others. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS (in conjunction with Messrs. Harding & Sons) are in- structed to SELL by AUCTION, at the " Bath Arms " Hotel, Warminster, on TUESD.W, March 3, at 30'Clock precisely, by order of the Trustees, the valuable Freehold NURSERY GROUNDS, with comfortable DWELLING-HOUSES, OUT- BUILDINGS and OFFICES, extensive HOTHOUSE and GREENHOUSE ERECTIONS, Brick PITS, fto, and the GOODWILL of the Old-established BUSINESS : also several prod uctiveGARDENS.possessingchoice FREEHOLD BUILDING SITES, the whole conveniently situate in the Town of Warminster, near the Railway Station, and only three hours' journey from London. Offering an excellent opportunity to Nurserymen requiring a thoroughly genuine Old-established Business and others desirous of securing Land in the best part of the Town for Building Purposes. "The purchaser or pur- chasers of these Properties will have the great advantage of securing, at unreserved Auction prices, any of the Trees and Shrubs growing in the Grounds at the extensive SALE of NURSERY STOCK, commencing WEDNESDAY, March 4. Particulars and Conditions of Sale may be had on the Pre- mises, at the place of Sale, of Messrs. SPARKES AND POPE, Solicitors, Exeter and Crediton ; of Messrs. CHILTON and GREEN-ARM YT AGE, Solicitors, Bristol ; of Messrs. WAKE- MAN AND BLACK. Solicitors, Warminster ; of Messrs. HARDING AND SONS. Auctioneers. Frome and Warminster ; and of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. WednesdayNext.—Llllumauratum, Roses, Plants,&c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Centr.al Sale Rooms. 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 4, at half-past la o'clock precisely. 6000 un- usually fine and sound bulbs of LILIUM AURATQM. just received from Japan in splendid condition : also a fine lot of imported JAPANESE IRIS, in thirty varieties (see plates) ; 2000 Double AFRICAN TUBEROSES, 1000 Standard, Half- standard, and Dwarf ROSES, from Erglish Nurseries ; Eng- lish-grown CAMELLIAS, beautifully set with buds : and other PLANTS; an assortment of Hardy English-grown LILIES, CARNATIONS. GLADIOLI, BEGONIAS, GLOXINIAS, and a variety of HARDY PLANTS and BULBS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. To the Trade.-6ooo LILIUM AURATUM. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67and 68. Cheapside. E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, 6ooo exceedingly fine BULBS, just received from Japan. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next and FoUo-wlng Days.— Warminster. In Bankruptcy — Re James Wheeler, Nurseryman. HIGHLY IMPORTANT to the "TRADE and OTHERS extensively engaged in Planting. GREAT CLEARANCE SALE of about 40 ACRES of NURSERY STOCK. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS (in conjunction with Messrs. Harding & Sons) will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the several Nurseries at or near Warminster, Wilts, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March4, and four following days, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day, without reserve, by order of the Trustee, with concurrence of the Mort- gagees, the whole of the valuable NURSERY STOCK, extending over 40 Acres, including an enormous number of Trees of youns growth, and an extraordinary stock of large Conifers. Evergreen and Deciduous Shrubs, invaluable to the Trade, Noblemen, Gentlemen, and others largely engaged in planting. The Stock is too extensive to mention in an Advertisement, but the following may be noted : — 40,000 Laurels of sorts, 40:0 Yews, 5000 Green Hollies, 10,000 Rhodo- dendrons, 50,000 Larch, 35,000 Ornamental and Forest Trees, 7000 Privet, 14,003 Firs, 20,000 Hazel, 15,000 Thorns, 8000 Fruit Trees, &c. May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises ; of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. ; Messrs. HARDING and SONS, Auctioneers, Frome; Messrs. WAKE MAN and ELEECH, Solicitors, Warminster ; Messrs. SPARKES and POPE, Solicitors Exeter ; Mr. W. H. PHILLIPS, Accountant, i, Small Street, Bristol ; and of Messrs. CHILTON and GREEN-AKMYTAGE, Solicitors, Bri^tol^^ Friday Next —Very Valuable Importations. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are instructed by Mr, F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, March 6, at half-past iz o'Clock precisely, very large and fine importations of ORCHIDS from Mexico, consisting of the rare and valuable Odontoglossum Insleayi leopardinum and splendens ; large masses of Oncidium tigrinum jand Odontoglossum nebulosum ; also a specially fine large-bulbed lot of Ondontoglossum Cervantesi. O. maculatum. Mormodes luxatum eberneum, Odontoglossum Phalajnopsis, Cypripedium Schlimii, Odontoglossum Pescatorei, Cattleya chocoensis, white Lsclia anceps, Peristerias ; a great lot of Odontogiossum citrosmum album and roseum, and many other ORCHIDS; also a grand specimen with twelve flowet-spikes of Lxlia elegans Russelli.ina or species, the finest plant of elegans in existence. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday, March 10. L^LIA ANCEPS SCHRfEDERIANA, new pure white L/ELIA ANCEPS. MESSRS, PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are favoured with instructions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Room?, 67 and 63. Cheapside, E.C. on TUESDAY, March 10, at hair-past 12 o'clock precisely, a small but especially fine impoilation of L/KLIA ANCEPS SCHRd'.DEklANA, Rchb. f., several great masses being amongst them. This is undoubtedly the finest whice variety ever offered. The whole flower is very large and pure white, and entirely distinct from any of the white forms ; the throat striped crimson, and the lip extra broad and square, and an inch across or even mote. Mr Edward Klaboch, who has collected every plant in flower, states that this variety is particulary rare and that the flowers are of great substance, far surpassing anything he has seen. He considers it the finest white Lse'ia anceps ever introduced. Every plant received will be included in this Sale, and there are no more coming. Lrelia anceps Schroderiana is described by Prof. Reicheobach as follows : — " There are before me twenty-seven brilliant dried lips, and a dried flower. The colours are purest white, the disc between lateral lacinia; is orange, and the projecting keels running in the base of mid-lacinia are even deeper orange ; there are three to five crimson-purple longitudinal, and several forked lines radiating outwards. So much for the colour. The complete flower would appear to surpass the dimensions of Lailia anceps Dawsoni. The petals seen are remarkably broad. The great merit of the plant consists in the lip, which is broad, with short Dearly rectangular blunt side-Iaciniae. The mid-lacinia is very broad, blunt, emargiuate. and this lip is quite novel to me." " The result of the description would be that the value of this remarkable white flower is admirably enhanced by the beauty of the great square and flat lip. This very ornamental Orchid bears fitly the name of one of our most excellent orchidists. Baron Schitiier, and it gives me great pleasure to attach the Baron's name to such a glorious Lselia." It is one of the most recent and most brilliant introductions of Mr. F. SaAder. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Chelmsford, Essex. HIGHLY IMPORTANT SALE of valuable Specimen STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c , by order of Mr. Thomas Harris (that well-known Plant Grower), who is giving up exhibiting. MR. BURLEY will SELL by PUBLIC AUCTION, and without reserve, on the Pjemises^ Baddow Road, Chelmsford {about fifteen minutes' walk from the Chelmsford Railway Station, Great Eastern Railway), on THURSDAY, March 5, at 12 for half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, the whole of the valuable COLLECTION of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, includmg grand specimens which have been exhibited at all the principal shows in the Eastern Counties with marked success. The whole of them are in the best possible health, and are ready for exhibiting this season. Among these will be found matchless examples of Anihurium Schcrzerianum (the best variety) with over 300 leaves, Dracsena Cooperii and D. amabilis, Maranta zebricia and M. Veiichii, Alalia elegantissima, 5 feet by 3 feet 6 inches ; AUamanda Hen- dersonii and A. grandiflora, 4 feet 6 inches by 3 feet ; Croton majes- ticus, 5 feet 6 inches by 5 feet ; C Andt6anus, 6 feet by 4 feet ; C undulatus, 4 feet by 3 feet 6 inches ; C. Queen Victoria. 3 feet by 3 leet ; fine specimens of Bougainvillea glabra, 4 feet 6 inches by 4 feet ; Stephanotis, Elvaston Castle variety, 4 feet 6 inches by 4 feet ; Areca Verschaffehii and A. Whiteii, 7 feet by 6 feet ; Chamserops humilis, 5 feet by.5 feet ; Aphelexis purpurea, Dracophyllum gracile, Phocnocoma prolifera Barnesii, 3 feet 6 inches by 3 feet 6 inches ; Staiice profusa, 3 feet by 4 feet ; S. brassifolia ; Tremandra verticillata, 4 feet 6 inches by 4 feet 6 inches ; Rhynchospermum jasminioides. 4 feet 6 inches by 4 feet ; Cycas revoluta, 5 feet by 6 feet ; Yucca variegata, 5 feet 6 inches ; Kalosanthes coccinea, 3 feet by 3 feet : grand specimen Ericas, and choice Davallias and other Ferns, large well-shaped Fuchsias, a quantity of fine specimen white Camellias and Roses, best exhibition kinds, and many other fine specimens too numerous to mention. Also a large well-made EXHIBITION PLANT VAN, on Springs and Patent Axle. On view the day prior and morning of Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises; of Mr. THOS. HARRIS, as above ; and of the Auctioneer and Valuer, High Street, Brentwood. Essex. The First Portion of the Valuable Collection of Specimen STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, the property of MR. E. TUDGEY, Exotic Nurseries, Waltham Cross, will be ofTered by AUCTION on March 10. on the Premises ; also autumn-flowering Hard- wooded HEATHS, PALMS in 4-inch pots, and about 1000 PTERIS SERULATA in 4-inch pots. Also two Exhibition Plant VANS in good repair. ^,TT-.^T-xr Catalogues to be had on application to E. TUDGEY. Wednesday Next.-(3ale No. 6S6o.) PLANTS from Belgian, French, and English Nurseries. MR, J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION, at his Great Rooms. 3S. King Street. Covent Garden. W.C. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 4, at hall- past 12 o'clock precisely, a consignment of choice-named Indian AZALEAS, Hybrid RHODODENDRONS, PALMS in variety. AZALEA MOLLIS, and other PLANTS from Ghent, 1000 first-class Standard and Dwarf ROSES, of sorts, from well- known Frenchand English growers; Hardy Flowering SHRUBS, Ornamental STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, CAR- NATIONS, PICOTEES, PINKS, and other Border PLANTS, LILIUMS. GLADIOLI, and other Hardy BULBS and ROOTS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.-(Saie No. 6861.) ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED ORCHIDS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AU(:TI0N, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT. March 5. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, an importation of ODONTO- GLOSSUM CRISPUM (ALEXANDRA) the best type, in splendid condition; White LVELIA ANCEPS. in fine condi- tion ; ONCIDIUM KRAMERIANUM, Est.iblished MAS- DEVALLIAS, in variety; and snme fine Established hut unflowered plants of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/K, from Messrs. Shuttleworlh. Carder & Co. Also about 100 lots of good Established ORCHIDS, including 3 plants of Cattleya ex-oniensis, C. Skinneri oculata, Lx-lia elegans alba, Cypri- pedium Crossianum, Dendrobium Schrccderi, and other good things ; a fine lot of Epidendrum vitellinum majus, Cattleya cittina, La:lia anceps, and other good imported ORCHIDS, from Mr. G. Marriott ; 5000 splendid lUilbs of LILIUM AURA- TUM, from Japan ; 2 cases of ARAUCARIA EXCELSA, each containing several hundred plants, ftc. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Stoke Park. Slough. STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, ORCHIDS. ."«. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, u , above, without the least reserve, on MONDAY and TUES* , DAY, March 16 and 17, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely each day, the COLLECTION of STOVE and GREENHOUSg PLANTS formed by E. J. Coleman, Esq , comprising fini Standard, Half-Standard, and Pyramid Azaleas, Camelliai, Orange Trees, Eucharis, Crotons, DracEcnas, GreenhouM Rhododendrons, &c. : also the ORCHIDS, including many specimen plants of Dendrobium nobile, Cattleyas, Larhsi, Odontoglossums, Phalsnopsis. Cttlogynes, and other species; a quantity of Callas. Fuchsias, Primulas, Pelargoniums, Bo* vardias. Strawberry Plants. &c. . On view Saturday prior and mornings of Sale, and Cataloguei had on the Premises, or of Mr. J. C STEVENS, 38. Kinj Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Heaton Park, Lancashire. IMPORTANT SALE of RARE and CHOICE ORCHIDS, PALMS, TREE FERNS, and VALUABLE STOVg and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, GARDEN IMPLB. MENTS, TOOLS, and OUTSIDE EFFECTS. MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL AND HIND beg to notify that they are favoured wiih instruction! from the Executrix of the late Earl of Wilton, to SELL bj AUCTION, in the Gardens of Heaton Hall, neat Manchester, on MONDAY and TUPLSDAY, March 2 and 3. commencing ai 12 o'clock each morning, the whole of the choice HORTlCUl^ 'J URAL PRODUCTIONS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, and MISCELLANEOUS EFFECTS. May be inspected on ihe Saturday prior to Sale Descrip- tive Catalogue will be prepared, and may be obtained on appli- cation to Mr. EAILLIE, Head Gardener; or from the Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, Manchester. To Nurserymen, Florists, Gardeners, and Others. FLORIST'S BUSINESS. FOR SALE, by Private Treaty, as a going concern, all that well known and remunerative FREE- HOLD BUSINESS PREMISES, called Guildford Street Nurseries, within two minutes' walk of the Barton Railway Station, Hereford, the property of Uriah Hain, Florist, who is relinquishing business on account of declining years. The Property comprises a modern and substantially brick-built Resi- dence, called Blenheim House, with several Perches of Free- hold Garden Ground, a number of Span-roof and Lean-to Glass Houses, with Hot-water and other Heating Apparatus, Hr^t and Cold Pits, and Potting Stieds; together with the Stock-in-Tiade. consisting of a well-grown and healthy lot of Bedding, miscel- laneous assortment ol useful Greenhouse and Hardy Outdoor Plants, in popular demand ; small collection of useful Nursery Stock, Horticultural Requisites, Tools, and absolute Goodwill. A splendid opportunity for an enterprising young manor gentle- man's gardener with small capital desirous of retiring from service. One-half or so of purchase money can lemain on mort- gage, if required. For further particulars, apply to GEO. H. BARLOW, Estate and Property Agent, Herefcrd. Seedsmen, Florists. &c. TO BE DISPOSED OF, the oldest estab- lishedSEED BUSINESS in Coventry, centrally siiuated. ■ Apply to WEST and DOWNES, 45, Cross Cheapin^ Coventry. _^ FOR SALE, by Private Contract, the STOCK and GOODWILL of a NURSERYMAN and LANDSCAPE GARDENER, which has been carried on mic- cessfully for the past 53 years by the laie Mr. Cowdrcy and his Father, at the Ampton Road and St. James" Nurseries, Edgbaston. The Nuiseries, which are well stocked, are situated in the most fashionable suburb of Birmingham, and command a large and good trade. Price exceedingly lo*-. For full particulars and Cards to View apply to FLEET- WOOD AND GOODEVE, Auctioneers, 42. Cherry Street, Birmingham. O BE DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEED BUSINESS. A splendid going concern. One of the finest in existence, doing a large and profitable trade. An unusual opportunity. Apply (by letter only) to Messrs PROTHEROE AllD [ MORKIS. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. i O BE DISPOSED OF, a gooiJ FLORIST, SEED, and JOBBING BUiilNESS, in a main thoroughfare about 7 miles from London. All in thorouKR working order. Address B., Gardeners' Chrcaicle Office, 4t, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Important to Florists, Nurserymen, Market GROWERS and OTHERS. TO BE LET, on LEASE, or SOLD witli possession, the valuable FREEHOLD ESTATE knowi as Osborn's Nursery. Siinbury, Middlesex, comprising 17 Acrci of excellent Land with Dwelling-house. Stabling, Sheds, ani all the extensive range of modem and recently-erected Grcei> houses. The Estate having a frontage of 1 too feet to the higl road, possesses a great prospective value for Building purposes. Full particulars may be obtained of Messrs. PRO! HERtJl AND MORRIS, Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, EC. TO ECONOMISTS.— CLERGYMEN, &c possessing influence, obliged by pecuniary circumstance to unwillingly retrench in their "garden purchases, will t» met in a most fair and liberal spirit, to their entire satisfaction by communicating with ALPHA, T. W. Hannaford s, 7J Ludgate Hill, London, E.C JOHN KENNARD'S HorticulturaI SUNDRIBS, Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Potter Depot Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisiti Swan Place, Old Kent Road, S.E. Established i8s<. _ ^folianded Proprietors, &c. AMcINTYRE (late of Victoria Park) i • now at liberty to undertake the FORMATION an PLANTING of NEW GARllEN .and PARK GROUNP" and REMODELLING existing GARDENS. Plans prep.i' 1,5, Listria Park, Stamford Hill. N. HARPHAM, Practical Rock Bun.ni and GliNKR*!. Hohticui.tural Decoratok I many years leading hand with Dick RadclylTe & Co.. Loud' 1 07, Church Street, Edgware Road, London. W. tJrOTHEROE and MORRIS, HORTici -L TiiRAi. MarkhtGarurn and Estate AuCTioNi!i!RS»Jj. Valurks, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and at Lel#N stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on applical^ | T k I February aS, iSSj.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 263 THE PARKS, &c., COMMITTEE of the METROPOLirAN BOARD OF WORKS will meet at the Otlice of the Board, Spring Gardens, S.W., on WED- NESDAY, the nth day of March, iSSs. at 12 o'clock at noon precisely, and will then be prepared to OPEN TENDERS by persons who may be willing lo CONTRACT for the CON- STRUCTION and ERECTION of a PLANT-HOUSE and OTHER WORKS in connection therewith in Southwark Park, Bermondsey. Persons desirous 10 submit Tenders may iospect the Drawings and Specification, and obtain Form of Tender and other particulars, on application lo the Architect of the Board, at the Office, Spring Gardens, between the hours of 9 A.M. and 4 r M. (or on Saturdays, between the hours of 9 a m. and 3 E'.M.), until Tuesday, the lolh day of March, iSSs. The Tenders, which must be on the form supplied from this Office, and be addressed lo the Clerk of the Board, are to be delivered at the Office before 4 o'CIock on the last-meniioned day, and no Tender will be received after that hour. Any Tender which is not lully filled up in every particular will be rejected. The Committee do not bind themselves to accept the lowest or any Tecder. J. E. WAKEFIELD. Cleik of the Board, Spring Gardens, S.W., February 25, T885. ASH, common, 2 to 3 feet, clean, 17^. per 1000, ELMS, ij-i to 2 feet, 14J. per 10:0 ; a lo 3 leet, \-}s. per 1000; English, 3 feet, 25J. per 1000. LARCH, 1410 24 inches. laj. 6rf. per icoo ; 2 to 2J4 feet, i6r. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, \Zs. per 1000 ; 4 to 5 feet, 241. per iood. SPRUCE FIR, I lo iJ4 foot, izs. per 1000 ; I'j to 2 feet, 131, per icoo ; 2 to 2j^ feet, bushy, 165. per 1000. SCOTCH FIR, 2 to 2'^ and 3 feet, i5j. per loco. SILVER FIR, 4-yr. trans- planted, 22J. per ICOO. HAZEL, 2 to 3 feet, nos. per 1000. Oaks, iS to 20 iuches, j6i. per 1000; 2 feet, aor. per loco. PRIVET, Evergreen. 2 feet, 15,1. per 1000; i lo i,!; foot. 11s. per 1000 ; OVALIFOLIUM, 2 10 lyi feet. ^ps. per iooa ; Oval, I foot, 20J. per 1000. SYCAMORE, \'% t0 2feet,i4J. per 1000. THORNS, 1% to z feet, \2s. 6d. per 1000 ; 2 to 2^4 feet, 16s. per icoo; 3 to 3}4 feet, iSs. per loao. APPLE, Crab, 2 yr., fine, 3J. per icoo. DOG ROSE, i-yr., fine, 6j. per 1000. MANETTI STOCKS, :oj. per 1000. IVY, Irish, stron?, 6(M. per 1000. HONEYSUCKLE, sempervirens, yellow, 255. per 100 LAURELS, Common, 2-yr., fine, 22^. per icoo .^KA BUCKTHORN, 2 leet, 2or. per 100. HYPERICUM CALVCINUM, I fool, los. per 100 CATALOGUES on application to GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer N B. Special Offer of Roses. JOHN STANDISH and CO. have to offer all the leading and most popular varieties, well rooted and of the best quality, at the following rates : — standards, 15;. per dozen. £6 per 100. HALF standards, j2s. per dozen, gos. per 100. BUSHES, Ss. per dozen, 50J. per loo. For cash with Order. Royal Nurseries, AscoL Rhododendrons. — Rhododendrous. JOHN STANDISH and CO. have to ofter f' many thousands fine bushy Plants of PONTJCUM RHODODENDRONS, exceedingly well grown and well- looted, from i 10252 feet in height, suitable for covert planting, 9 to 12 inches, at 30J, per 100 ; 12 to 15 inchcF, 42;. i er 100 ; 18 to 24 inche?, ^5^. per 100 ; 24 to 30 inches, 751. per 100. HYBRID PONTICUM RHODODENDRONS, 2 to 2'; feet, X5 per 100. Choice named varieties, i34 to 2 feet, witn Hower-buds, 27,-. per dozen, ;£io per 100. Royal Nurseries, Ascot. O S E S.— R O S E S.— R OSES. An immense quantity of Standards, Half-standards, low budded on Maneiti and on Brier roots. Best Trading sorts are disposable as well. 300 000 Own Roots of every kind — Perpetuals, Noisette, Tea, Moss. Thewholeat an exceptionally low price. ROSE STOCK. 150.000 MANETTI, 15^. to 20s. per 1000. 28.0^ LA GRIFFERAYE, ^cs. per ro,coo. i,o>3,ooo BRIER SEEDLINGS, r-yr, and 2-yT. transplanted, all fine stocks, for sale at very low prices, fiom £4 to £6 and ;^8 per 10,030 ; transplanted 2 years. £10 per loio. Catalogue, published in English, will be sent on appUcation to L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay {Seine), near Paris, France. Established 1827. BIES DOUGLASII, ij to 2 feet, 25^. per 100 ; 2 to 2j4 feet, 33J. per loo : 3 to 4 feet, 60^.* per 100; by the thousand, finely finished and rooted. ARAU- CARIa IMBRICATA. 18 to io inches, 241. per dozen : 2 to 2J2 leet, 43,j. per dozen ; each size by the thousand. CEDRUS DEODARA, 4105 feet, 30s. per dozen. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, 2 to 3% feet, 60s. per 100. CUPRESSUS LAWSONII, 2j4 to 3 feet, 60^. per 100; C. GRACILIS, distinct, 1% loot. 121. per dozen ; C. STRICTA, 2 to 2}/. feet, the finest upright. 121. per dozen; C. FUNEBRIS, scarce, ij^foot, 15X. per dozen. PICEA NOBILIS. 3 to 4 feet, 6oj. per dozen ; P. NORDMANNIANA, i foot, fine, 5C.1. per ico ; ij^ to 2 feet. 15J. per dozen ; 6 feet, extra, 841. per dozen. PINUS EXCELSA, 2 feet. 8s. per dczcn ; P. INSIGNIS. I foot, 30J. per 100; 6 to 8 inches, 16s. per ico, THUIA LOBBII, 10 to 15 inches : special by the 1000, the best substitute for Larch. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, I to 4 feet, each size in thousands. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer. N.B. FECIAL OFFER FOR CASH. CAMELLIA, ALBA PLENA, in iinch pots fi-e plants, well set with bud. 42s. per dozen. ERICA WILMOREANA, in bud and in floiver, !n 6-inch pots, 21J. per dozen. SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, in 5-inch pots, good furnishing plants, 21S. per dozen. JOHN STANDISH and CO., Royal Nurserie-, Ascot. New Kidney Potato. BIRD'S DOCTOR BOB. — This is the earliest Kidney variety in existence ; a very heavy cropper, as many as sixty tubers of all sizes have been counted at a rooL It is a seedling from Early King. After a trial of several years it has never taken disease. Eyes very shallow ; a good cooker, and fine flavour. 55. per stone. JAMES BIRD, American Nurseries. Downham Market. Forest Ttpa^ IRELAND AND THOMSON have an ex- tensive and healthy stock cl Seedling and Transplanted Forest Trees, including Ash, Alder, Birch, Elm, Austrian Pine, from 6 in. to 2M ft. ; Scotch Fir, Larch, Spruce, Black Spruce, Laricio. Beech, Thorns. Maple. Oak, Poplars, Thorn Quick, Chestnuts, Hazel, &c. Special offers on application. Nurseries : Cralgleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre, Granton Road, Edinburgh. ARBOR-VITvE, American, 2-yr., 25.V. per 1000, Chinese ARBOR-VIT.-E, i yr., fine, loj. per 1000. SWEET BAY, 8 to 9 inches, transpl.inted, loy. per too. BO.X, Tree, 4 inches, 30s. per 1000, GOLDEN JAPAN BOX, tr.insplanted, lis. per 100. COTONEASTER MICRO- PHYLLA, 6 to S inches, 4or. per 1000. CLEMATIS FLAM- MULA, r and 2 yr., 20s. per icoo. CLEMATIS VITALBA, 2-yr., 20J. per luoo. CUPRESSUS MACROCARPA, i-yr , transplanted, 601. 1000. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 4 to 6 inches, <;oj. per 1000. L.'VUREl . Colchic, t-yr., ^oj. per looo. Portucal LAUREL. I-yr.. rsi. per icoo. PINUS INSIGN IS, I-yr , fine, .]!. per 100. PINUS EXCELSA, 2-yr., 41. per loo. PICEA NORDMANNIANA, i-yr., 4s. per 100. RETINO- SPORA PLUMOSA, 6 to S inches, 10s. per T03 ; R. SRUAR- ROSA, 6 inches, 101. per ico. THUIA TARfARlCA, 6 to 8 inches, transpbnted, los. per ico. THUIA COMPACTA, S inches, St. per 100. THUIA LObBII.t) to 12 inches, 80s, per 1000. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 6 to 8 inches, i=s. per 100, English YEW, 2-yr., 30s. per 1000; 2-yr., transplanted, 50S. per 1000. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer, N.B. Grape Vines, Roses, and Fruit Trees. IRELAND AND THOMSON beg to an- nounce that their Stock of the above IS this year specially fine, and now ready to send out. Descriptive CATALOGUE with prices on applicating. Nurseries : Craigleith, Comely Bank, and New Golden Acre, Granton Road, Edinburgh. ENDER'S BALSAMS. —We save only from finest double Camellia-like flowers, and we are con- fident our strain is far superior to any ether offered. Colours rich, beautifully mottled and striped. Eight varieties, separate, 25. 6d. HENDER'S PETUNIA GRANDIFLORA, well known to be the finest strain ; flowers beautifully mollled and striped Single. 2s. per packet. HENDER AND SONS, Nursery, Plymouth. Forcing Asparagus. RAND G. NEAL beg to offer the above • by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans- planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also beg to caP 'he attention of Nurserymen, Builders, and others tp their e.xcetjuonally fine stock of FRUIT, FOREST, ar.d ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W, To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced • LIST of the above-named Seeds is now ready, and may be had on application. It ccmprises all the very finest varieties of 1S84 growth. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Special Oflfer for Cash JOHN STANDISH and CO. beg to offer the under-mentioned finely grown and well-rooted shrubs : — LAUREL, caucasicum, 2 to 2}4 feet, ^'^s. per 100. ,, Common, 2 to 2J4 feet, -zos. per ion. Holly, Common, 2 to 2j^ feet, 42,1. per too. ,, Golden and Silver, 2 to 2]^ leet, 301. per dozen. PRIVET, Oval-leaved, 2 to 3 feet, 7s. M. pirroo. BERBERIS DARWINII, 2 to 2>$ feet, 25s. per 100. YEW.S, English, 2 to 2% feer, 50s per 100. AUCUBA, Green, 2 to 2^ feet, 63s. per 100. LIMES, Standard, stout, 5 to 7 feet stems, 185. per dozen. ^PRUCE, fine stout stuff, 2 to 3 feet, 405 per 100 Royal Nurseries, Ascot. PRUNUS PISSARDI. - PRUNUS PISSARDI. True Variety. L PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay • (Seine), near Paris, France, who has introduced fiom Persia this fine new ornamental tree, with its dark red-colourei leaves and deep black- col cured wood, offers it as under : — Young plants, i to ij^ foot, £s per 100. ,, „ iK to 3 feet, Zs per 100. Strong bushy plants, 3 to 4 feet, ;^i 5s. per dozen. ., ,, ,, 4 to 6 feet, £1 101. to £z per dozen. Extra strong plants, fine specimen pyramids, £2 to £3 per Standards with nice heads. £2 lo £2 per dozen. [dozen. Extra strong Specimen Standard?, bushy heads, £4 per doz. Note — Masses or groups of Prunus Pissardi and Acer Negundo folia variegata, when planted together produce a very splendid decorative effect. L. Paillet cantupply by the thju- fand, ACER NEGUNDO, low budded, Half- standards and Standards, from £2 10s. to £^ per loo. according to size. CATALOGUE, published in English, can be had en demand. Established 1&27. ROSES. — The finest Show and Decorative varieties, strong, robust, hardily grown plants, from 5^. per dozen, 351. per 100 and upwards. Standards, from 12^. per dozen, 905. per ico and upwards. Many thousands to select from. JAMES DICKSON & SONS, "Newton" Nurseries, Chester. N"* EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Orders are now being booked for the new varieties for 1885. Rooied Cuttings, io,r. 6^. per dozen ; Varieties of 1S83-4. 51. per dozen; best older varieties, 2s. 6d. per dozen ; Unrooted, 6d. per dtzen less. Post-free for P.O.O. CATALOGUE one stamp. Orders executed strictly in rotation. R. OWEN, Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead. r A I N G' S BEGONIA -Li SEED. GOLD MEDAL STRAIN, from our Prize Plants. New crop now harvested. Sealed packets, CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, is. and 2S. 6 per dozen, loj. per 100; W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe, Kent. ILBERT'S UNIVERSAL SAVOY and CHOU DE BURGHLEY.— "The T/m.'s of Horti- culture " says : — "Universal Savoy proved to he of excellent quality, and the great public show their appreciation of same by ordering 400 packets last week." GILBERT'S CHOUDE BURGHLEY.— The nVKMagain says : — " Mr. Gilbert is to be congratulated on such a sterling novelty, and the great pubic s-how their appreciation of same by daily ordering it. ' Free by post. UNIVERSAL SAVOY, 2s. 6d. per packet ; CHOU DE BURGHLEY, is. 6d. per packet. Trade supplied. VERGREEN ~ H EDGES. ARBOR-VIT/E, American. 3 to 3 feet, sr. per dozen, 305. per ICO ; 3 lo 4 feet, 6s. per dozen, 40s. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet, 10s. per dozen, 655. per 100; 5 to 6 feet, 12s, per dozen. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA. 2 to 2% feet, 6j. per dozen, 40J. per 100 ; 25< to 3 feet, 105. per dozen, 60s. per too ; 3 to 4 feet, 15^-. per dozen, Sos. p^r 105, 4 to 5 feet, iSs. per dozen, i:oj. per 100. HOLLIES, Green, 9 to 12 inches, 12J. perioo ; 12 to 15 inches, ifj'. per 100; IS to 18 inches, 201. per i^o ; il4 to 2 feet, 50J. per 100 ; 2 to 2% feet, 85^. per 100 ; 2j< to 3 feet, i4or. per 100. THUIA LOBBII, 4 to 5 feet, 15^. per dozen, 1205. per los 5 to 6 feet, 74s. per dozen, iSos. per 100 ; 6 to 8fi2t, 36j'. per dozen. The above are all well grown, have been recently transplanted, and will remove with safety. JNO. JEFFERIES and SONS, Royal Nurseries. Cirencester. I N E S— V I N E S— V I N e'S.— STRONG FRUITING CANES, 4s. 6d. each, STRONG PLANTING CANES, 3.T. each. All the best varieties in cultivation. CALDWELL and SONS, The Nurseries. Knutsford, Chester. Coolings NE PLUS ULTRA DWARF BEAN, Per pint, 2s. 6d., post-free 2s. gd. COOLING'S LEVIATHAN COS LETTUCE, Per packet, 15., post-free. COOLING'S OMEGA BEET, Per packet, is, post-free. Three of the finest vegetables in their respective classes in cultivation. Trade Price on application. GEO. COOLING and SON, Seedsmen, &c., Bath. ULBS for SPRING PLANTING, of all sorts. JAPANESE MAPLES, JAPANESE LILIES, choice Seeds of our own saving ; choice New Zealand Seeds ; NEW MAGNOLIAS, ZAMlAS from the Cape, North American H.irdy Plants ; CALOCHORTI, FREESIAS, GLADIOLI, S:c. See our Spring LIST, No. 72. just issued. NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Colchester. READNAUGHT. — The best paying Cucumber for Market, and finest Black Prickly Cucum- ber grown. We have grown mostly of the Telegraph type, and find Dreadnaught make 30 per cent, more in the market. IS. per packet. POPE and SONS, Seedsmen, 120, Market Hall, Birming- ham Nurseries, King's Norton. U R P L U S STOCK. Special offer of Nursery Stock : — FIR, Scotch, 3 to 5 feet, 2 yr., 2-yr. „ Spruce, 2-yr., 3-yr. LARCH, 2-yr., 2-yr., strong stuff. BIRCH. 2 to 3 feet. ALDER, iK to 2 feet. ASH. Mountain, 4 to 6 feet. LABURNUM, 4 to 5 feet. WYCH ELM, 5 10 6 feet. SYCAMORE, 4 to 6 feet. Prices on application. JOS. TREMBLE and SON, Nurserymen, Penrilh. LARCH, SCOTCH, SPRUCE, and AUSTRIAN PINE. — Special cheap offer to clear ground. Also a fine lot o( Standard ROSES, good stocks and heads. J. W. MAY, The Nurseries, Knaresborough, Yorkshire, HOUSE^^^PERFECT MARROW PeX Pronounced by competent judges to be the finest Pea ever eaten. Prizes of 301. and 20,?. per Forty Pods will be givea at the Royal Horticultural Society's Show in July. Sold in Half- Pint Packets, post-free for Fifteen Penny Stamps. JOHN HOUSE, Eastgate Nurseries, Peleiborough. To Osier Growers, Basket Makers, and Nurserymen. BRADFORD AND SONS, Yeovil, Somerset, now Grow and Cut yearly 100 acres and upwards of OSIER BEDS, and will quote prices to the Trade, according to quantity required. Samples and prices of Osier " Seis " on application. Tuberous Begonias. ROWEN offers his magnificent strain, the • result of many years' selection and hybridising. Tubers selected when in bloom. In colours or mi.\ed, single. 3J. 6d. to 10s. 6d. per dozen ; double (warranted double) 5.1. to 2ii. per dozen. Seed, is. 6d. and 21. 6d. single. 2f. 6d. and s*- double. See BEGONIA LIST for opinions of Horticultural Press on application— one stamp. The Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead. s 264 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [t'EBROARY 28, 18 ^W^ILLIAMS' NEW TOMATOS, POST-FBEE WILLIAMS' BED KING. The best Exhibition TOMATO. The best outdoor TOMATO. The best shaped TOMATO. Price. 23. 6d per packet. WILLIAMS' GOLDEN aUEEN. Awarded a First-class Certificate at the Chiswick Trials. The best yellow TOMATO. The largest yellow TOMATO. The most distinct yellow TOMATO. Price, 23 Sd. per packet. WILLIAMS' NE PLUS ULTEA. The best flavoured TOMATO. The largest red TOMATO, weighing from 14 to 20 oz. each. The richest coloured TOMATO. Price, l3. 6a. per Packet. WILLIAMS' Orangefield Improved. A great improvement on the old form of OianRefield TOMATO, sent out by us nearly 20 years ago. The best Market TOMATO. The earliest TOMATO. The most prolific TO.MATO. Price, 6d. per picket rllustraltd Seed CA TALOCUE Oralis and Post-free on applUatioM. VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. ABUNDANCE PEA. First-dass Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. Introduced by us last season. _ A few bushels to spare ; grown from original stock. Price on applicatior. ,,. r- HOWCROFT AND W ATKINS, Covent Garden, London, W.L. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 1884-5.— Our Desctipiive Piiced LIST is now ready, and can be had free on apphcation to T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston-on-Thames. ONION. "CRANSTON'S EXCELSIOR." (TIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE:) The finest variety in cultivation, either for exhibition or profitable crop. Is. per packet. CALADIUMS. SUPERB COLLECTION. Fine bulbs. Post-free. 12 dis- tinct and beautiful varieties, 65. and ia.s. ; 12 choice and rare varieiies, 2IJ. ; 12 new and golden-leaved varieties, 43*.; 50, choice collection, 50 varieties, t^s. ACHIMENES.— 12 distinct varieties, u. td.; lado., 3 corms of each. *fi.\ la do., 6 corms of each, 71.; 12 for exhibition, 12 rormsof each, 15J.; 100 coims in 50 vaiieties, au.; loocotmsin 35 varieties, 155. GESNERAS.— 12 varieties, 51. GLOXINIA.— 12 strong bulbs, 6r. : 12 rare and beautiful, selected for exhibition, loj. di. and i\s. BEGONIAS.— Strong bulbs, beautiful collection, 21J.; 12 un- named, from choice stram, dr.. qj. E. 6. HENDERSON & SON, Pine-apple Nurserv, Maida Vale, London, N.W, T I G R I D I A grandiflora alba ( True). A charmingly beautiful variety, with very fine ivory-white flowers, with large red blotches on a yellow- ish ground in the centre. A striking and splendid novelty. IS. each, \os. per dozen. DANIELS BROS.. The Town ClOBe Niiraerles, Norwich. NEW SPRIN^ CATALOGUES. The following CATALOGUES are now ready, and may be had upon application : — • HARDY PERENNIALS, ILLUSTRATED. Ihoroughly revised, contains many Plants not pre- viously offered, and includes nothing but really first-class sliuwy plants. HARDY FLORISTS' FLOWER 3. Including Show, Border, Clove, Tree and Yellow eroundCARNATlONS.DELPHINIUMS.PHLOXES, P.liONIES, VIOLETS, PYRETHRUMS, PINKS, &c. CHRYSAH THEMUMS. A mo^t complete CATALOOUE, including all the really fir:.t-cUiss varieties of each section, and the new ones of presei.t season. HARDY CLIMBERS. One of the most complete ever issued, comprising almost every Hardy Climbing. Creeping, or Trailing Plant of real worth. THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. TOMATO. "CRANSTON'S GIANT." Early, enormously prolific, and of strong, vigor- ous growth. A new variety, of exquisite flavour. Is. per packet. DAHLIA SEED, SIK GLE-FLO WERED. Containing the pick of all recent introductions. Collection of 25 choice named vars. Packets of mixed colour?, 6 V. and \s. 41. od. 3S, 6(f. CRANSTON'S NURSERY k SEED CO, (LIMITED), HEREFORD. SEEDS, VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM, Carefully Selected, AND FROM WHICH MAV EE EXl'ECTED THE BEST RESULTS EVER VET ATTAINED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS and NURSERYMEN, WO RCESTE R. SEED POTATOS Send for Deicinptive Catalogue OF NEARLY ALL THE BEST AND MBWEST VABIET.ES IN COMUEBCE, EITHER FOR EXHIBITION PURPOSE?, OR FOR GARDEN OR FIELD CULTIVATION. EDELWEISS. The Star-shaped Everlasting of the Alps. LAVATERA ARBOREA VARIEQATA The Variegated Tree Mallow. A Rrand plant, 8 (eet in height, with large variegated foliage. CINEBABIA UARITIMA. Silver-foliaged Bedding PLint, CALTHA PALTJSTBIS. The Golden King-Cup, LXJPINUS ARBOBEUS. The Yellow-flowered Tree Lupin. MIGNONETTE GOLDEN aXJEEN. Very compact, good pot variety. Flowers tipped with yellow. MIGNONETTE CRIMSON aUEEN. Same habit as above. Flowers tipped with crimson. MIGNONETTE PYBAMIDALIS gigantea Very large Flowers. MIGNONETTE MILES' SPIRAL. Largely used for Pot culture. MYOSOTIS PALT3STKIS semperflirens. The Finest Forget-me-not. Constant bloomer. Rich blue. PANSY REDDISH STEEL-BLTJ "". With red and white edge. PANSY PURPLE, with White edge. PANSY PURPLE, with ^■eIlow edge. PANSY PLUM-VELVET, Very handsome, rich colour. Very free bloomer, wiih crimped edge. Seeds of all tha above Choice Specialties now readv. For prices per pscket. per ounce, or per pound, see oiir Wholesale Seed CATALOGUE, free on application. WATKINS & SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, EXETER STREET, STRAND, W.C. ANTH EM IS TINCTORIA var. pallida. The nlo^t b^auciful of all the h.irdy Margueriies; fl iwers delicate sulphur- yellow, abuhdant bloomer, Firsi-class for cutting, and sh.uld be grown freely wherever cut fl iwers are in demand. 91/ e'tch, Zs. per dozen. Ciirriii^e/yfc. DANIELS BROS , The Town Close Nurseries. Norwich. LIBERAL TERMS to TRADE BUYERS. JOHN WATKINS, Fruit and Potato Grower, POMONA FARM, WITHINGTON, HEREFORD. A SPECIALTY. Rhododendrons and other Americm Plants, Grown in Sandy Loam, A superb Collection of all the leading varieties in cultivation. Also thousands oi RHODODENDRON PONTICUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverts. A Sample Dozen of well-budded Plants of the best varieties for 243. Larger Sizes, from SOs. to 42s. per dozen. Priad LISTS on application. JOHN CRANSTON, 1 KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD. ^ B. S. WILLIAMS IMPROVED MUSHROOM SPAWN, per bushel of s. rf. fourieen cakes -.6 0 For Outdoor and Indotr Culture. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, London, N. WILD FLOWERS NORTH AMERICA. Mr Our Most Deslrible PERENNIAL PLANTS for Culllvatlon-SEEDS, &c. .If-i Orchids, Ferns, L lies, Aquatics, Alpine and Sub-Alpine Plants. Botanical and Common names given. Send for CATA- LOGUE. EDWARD GILLETT, Southwick, M.is?., U.g.A. Vecetable&FlowerSeeds Seed Potatos.Tools&c BSST QkIZITT" €.AJ3MI,tGTS I'^KE. Pmrirn €ata locr-K-FosTFKES. JAMESBICKSON&SONS SEED GROWERS, ff I Yinirj (« i>^ rTpiTF) lOSEASTGATEST.lLjinil]^ li iijim I February 2S, 1S85.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 265 MR. DODWELL'S GRAND CARNA- TIONS. The finest grown. Two thousand Plants, inckidinE five sets of his SeedHngs of last autumn, to be SOLD, for the BENEFIT of the Prize Fund of the OXFORD UNION CARNATION AND PICOTEE SOCIETY. Special terms to the Trade. Par- ticulars on application. Address HEAD GARDENER, The CottaRe, Stanley Road, Oxford. RARE OPPORTUNITY. — The Sub- jcribcr. having an extra stock of i-yr. a-yr. and 2-yr. i-yr. TRUE NATIVE SCOTCH FIR, spkndiJ Miin, he is pre- pared to offer ihem to the Trade as under, to effect a speedy clearance :— Per looo. y. 6i/. ; per 50, coo, XS ; p;r 100,0:0, jC^S- Samples free on applictiion to EDWARD WISEMAN. Nurseryman. Elgin, N.R. FECIAL OFFER, to clear ground. LARCH FIR, stout, 2 to 3 feet, 151. per :ooo ; 3 to 4 feet, aor. per loro. SPRUCE FIR, 2 to 3 feet, well rooted, 4$s. per 1000 : 3 to 4 ftet, ditto. 60J. per icoo. CALDWKLL AND SONS, The Nurseries Knutsford. Purchasers of FLOWER SEEDS Aro reminded that the ONLY GOLD MEDAL Paris' EXHIBITION Was won with CARTERS' Pure HoDie-grofD Seeds. 237-8, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. Illustrated Catalogues Gratis and Post Free. Barities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Barities Barities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities TO LOVERS OF HORTICULTURE IN SEARCH OF Rarities Rarities NEW and RAKE PLANTS. Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities OUR SEED CATALOGUE OF Rar ities Barities "Floral Gems" Rarities Rarities Embraces a L'st of Species noi to be found offered in any other English Seed Caialogue ; and must certainly prove of much interest to all admirers of lovely, Rarities Rarities sweet-scented, and uncommon blovms. la it are offered Seeds of — Rarities Rarities R4RE AND BEAUTIFUL AQUATICS, Rarities Rarities RARE AND BEAUTIFUL ANNUALS, Rarities BARE AND BEAUTIFUL BIENNIALS, Rarities RARE AND BEAUTIFUL CACTE^, Rarities Rarities RARE AND BEAUTIFUL GRASSES, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL PERENNIALS. Rarities Raiities A copy of which will be forivctrded, ^atis and post-free, on application. Rarities Rarities Rarities VICCARS COLLYER & CO,, Rarities Rarities Importers of New and Rare Plants, Seeds, &c., Rarities Rarities CENTRAL HALL, LEICESTER, Rarities (where all Letters are to be addressed.) and Rarities Rarities CENTRAL NURSERIES, GLENFIELD, near LEICESTER. A. W. CREWS, Manager. Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Barities Rarities Rarities Rarities Barities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities AUTUMN, 1884. V/. B. RO^A^K & CO., Limited, (Established upwards of a Century,) BARBOURNE NURSERIES, WORCESTER. ■i-.^c-r-i<-i « 1. i. lcr\ r\r\r\ (The strongest, healthiest, and finest ever offered, and cannot fail to give the EOSES.— About 150,000. ( ereatest satisfaction. STANDARDS, from los. per dozen to 75J. per 100 ; DWARFS, or BUSH, from ys. 6d. per dozen to 50^. per 100. Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. FRUIT TREES.— Apples, Pears, Plums, Damsons, and Cherries. Grown specially for Orchards. — From \Zs. to 30.1. per dozen. BUSH or PYRA^^DAL, 24s. to 36^. per dozen ; TRAINED for WALLS, 30.5. to 42J. per dozen. — Approved and Choice Varieties. APRICOTS, PEACHES, and NECTARINES. From 4J. 6rf. to ts. dd. each. — Our Fruit Trees are specially noted for their fibrous roots, which ensure success in removal. CONIFER..^!. — Fine Specimens, for Avenues, Parks, &c., from 5^. to 25J. each.— A large Collection of the Leading Varieties, all healthy and well-grown. FLOWERING SHRUBS.— From bd. each. In great variety. FOREST TREES of all kinds. As a quantity oj ground must be cleared this season, no reasonable offer will be refused. Estimates given, free of charge, for Laying-out and Planting Gardens. AN INSPECTION OF THE NURSERIES IS RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED. The Tram Cars pass the Gates of the Nurseries. F To the Trade. OR SALE, ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, in 24's. To be sold cheap, to make room for other stoct. H. TITE, The Nurseries, Hampton. Middlesex. FOR SALE, 5 fine Specimen STOVE PLANTS, 4 in No. \ size poLs. and i in No. 12; 1 ALO- CASIAS (METALLICA and LOWII), CROTON VARIE- GATA, LOMARIA ELONGATA, CROTON QUEEN VICl'URIA. Apply to J. BROWN, Rauceby, Sleaford. TO PLANTERS and NURSERYMEN. SPECIAL OFFER. PINUS AUSTRIACA. splendid plants, all well rooted, 1% to 3!^ feet, 20f. per 100, isoj, per itoo. ,, LARICIO (Corsican Pine) 2 to 3 feet, zoj. per ico, J50J, ASH, Common, \Yi to 1% feet. los. per looo. [per icoj. ELM. English, i to 2 feet, i6j. per lojo ; a to 3 feet, 21J. per per icoo ; 3 to 4 feet. 31J. per 1000. POPLAR, Black Italian, 4 to 5 feet, 305. per 100 ; 5 to 6 feet, 35^. per io3o. Samples and Trade Price on application. RODGER McClelland and CO., Nurserymen, Newiy. ARIEMSCHNEIDER, Brandenberg-on- • Havel, Germany, begs to offer the following Flower Seeds in very best quality : — ASTERS. BOLTZER, Dwarf, bouquet, mixed, per lb., 40J.; per ounce, 41, ,, ,, ,, Separate colours, per ounce, 51. ,, ,, 6 distinct colours, each loo seeds, 60', CHRVSANTHEMUM, Dwarf.mixed, per lb., 58^.; per oz.,4r. ,, ,, Separate colours, per ounce, 51. ,. ,. 12 distmct colours, each 100 seeds, is, IMBRIQUE POMPON, mixed, perlb..36j. ; per ounce, 31. ,, ,, Separate colours, per ounce, 41. ,, ,, 12 distinct colours, each ico seeds. \od. P/EONY PYRAMIDE, mixed, per lb., 6m. : per ounce, 4^. 6^/. ,, ,, Separate colours, per ounce, 51. ., ,, 12 distinct colours, each ico seeds, ir. 6a, VICTORIA, extra fine, mixed, per lb., 6m. ; per ounce, 41, 6*/, ,, Separate colours, per ounce, %s. ,, 12 distinct colourSj each loj seeds, 41. 61/. BALSAMS. CAMELLIA-FLOWERED, double, extra fine, mixed, per lb., 35J. ; per ounce, 3J, ; separats colours, per ounce, 41. ; eight distinct colours, each 100 seeds, ix. ROSE-FLOWERED, extra, mixed, per lb., 351. ; per ounce, 3J. ; separate colours, per ounce, \s. ; eight distinct colours, each 100 seeds, is, STOCKS. GERMAN TEN-WEEK, large flowered, extra, mixed, per lb.,8oj. ; per ounce, 6x. : separate colours, per ounce, ys.; twenty distinct colours, each 100 seeds, 3J. ,. INTERMEDIATE, mixed, extra fine, per ounce, 121. „ WINTER or BROMPTON, mixed, per ounce, \os. The seed of Stocks offered here is harvested from plants culti- vated in pols. Seed harvested from the grounds, likewise very good, is about 2> per cent, lower in price. WALLFLOWERS. EXTRA DOUBLE TALL, or DWARF, mixed, 6s. per ounce ; separate colours, ys. 6d. pei ounce. ,, DWARF, Single, mixed. iS. per lb., 6d. per ounce. ,, ,, ,, Separate colours, js. per lb,, is. per ounce. All my Seeds have teen selected with the utmost care and attention, and I have great pleasure in recommendinK them Co your notice. BEANS. FLAGEOLE T. Blood-red, 35^. per cwt. DWAR F FRENCH, long, early, Yellow, for forcing, 24J. p. Cwt. ,, Sugar Pearl, 35J. per cwt. SCARLET RUNNERS. 25^. per cwt. All other VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS in best quality and at Low Prices. LILY of the VALLEY, strong flowering pips, true Berlin sort, prices on application. All orders should be addressed to Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 35, Savage Gardens, London, E.C. OrctildB a Specialty. The stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extenL HUGH LOW & CO. very cordially and respectfully solicit an inspection by all lovers of this interesting and beautiful class of plants, whether purchasers or not. CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E. FRUIT TREES. D. S. THOMSON & SONS Have to off"er a fine stock of healthy and well grown Dwarf- trained PEACHES, NECTARINES. APRICOTS, and PLUMS ; also Dwarf-trained and Horizontal-trained APPLES and PEARS of the best kinds. Strong 3-yr. old ASPARA- GUS, selected roots, in large quantity. Seed POTATOS, Veitch's Improved Ashleaf and Magnum Bonum, carefully selected. Samples, with price, on application, THE NURSERIES, WIMBLEDON. 8 U R P L US STO C K. ROSES. Standard and Dwarf Hybrid Perpeluals, Bourbons, Tea-scented, &c., in upwards of 200 varieties, all fine plants, to be sold at very low prices. Special quotations will be given and CATALOGUE sent on application. Cranston's Nursery & Seed Co. (LIMITED), KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD. N.B -All the best of the NEW CONTINENTAL and KNO- LISH ROSES will be ready in Strong Plants early in AprJ. 266 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 28, 1885, EXPIRATION OF LEASE. Several Acres of Nursery, containing a valuable Stock, continue to be offered at a nominal price j the lease cannot be renewed. j Ordinary Reduced Price. ic/6 2/6 2/6 5/- 5/- )/6 1/- 5/- i/- i/o RHODODENDRONS, Standard, 4000J to select from, of finest-namedi kinds, perfect specimens, fromj iK to 5 feet ttiroush the head 105/- 10/6 31/6 5/- „ Bush, do., 5. 6, 7, and 8 feet high.. ■ 42/- 21/- 15/- 10/3 I, Dwatf and Sweet-scented, 1 to iiYz feet high, consisting of R. fragrans, Wilsoni, Goveni- anum, &c. sf6 ., i/o -/g ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA ; fine plants, well set with bloom, i to 3 feet high AZALEAS, 1 to 2 feet high A fine lot of P. NORDMANNIANA. T. LOBBII. WELLINGTONIA, CUPRESSUS. RETINOSPORAS, THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, and manyothers in fine condition for removal ] ic/6 ORNAMENTAL TREES— Fine speci- mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars.J Horse Chestnut, • Scarlet Chestnut; Sorbus, Thorns of sorts. Maples, Fraxinus aucubxfolia, Scarlet Oak, and Poplar, 6 to 15 feet high . . ,. lo/o 3/6' 5/- LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 2 to I 4 feet, per 100 , . . . 2o/~ . . | 10/- ,, common, i to 2% feet LAUREL, common, i to 3 feet ,, caucasica, i io 2% feet .. ,. Portugal. 1 J' to 3 feet .. MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA .. BROOM, White YEWS, Irish ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Tea?, and Climbers CLEMATIS, fine stuff, in great variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe- No reasonable lopsis Veitchii ,, .. .. .. i cfTer refused ; or ILEX SHEPHERDI. a fine lot ol ( quotations will perfect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ; be given. smaller, 1 to 3 ft-el. THUIA LOBHII, 3 to 4 feet RETINOSPORA AUREA, 6 to 15 inches CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, I to 3 feet WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA, 3 to 5 feet MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, 12 to 18 inches . . . . . . , ._, Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting, 2 to 6 feet high, 2s.r- to 751. per ko Extra larse Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to clear, IS each. SPIR^A PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. The largest stock in Europe, 155. and 10.S, 6d, per joo. ERICAS in variety, 2o5. per 100. LAVENDER, fine bushy stuff, 3,?. per dozen, 15^. per 100. PERIWINKLE, 10s. per 100. Thousafids of other things too numerous for an advertise- inent are on qffer^ and inquiries or a visit luill be found very advantageous. Book to Sunningdale Station S.W. Rail. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES. Gentlemen desirous of obtaining the true WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES for Autumn and Winter Planting, should send their Orders as early as convenient to Mr, COOPER, F.R.H, S., CALCOT GARDENS, READING. BERKS, of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained. Price LISTS on application. N.OVELTIES NEW BEGONIAS. GLOXINIA GESNERIOIDES, LAVATERA ARBOREA VARIEGATA, IMPATIENS SULTANI rosea and alba, MYOSOTIS sylvatica compacta aurea, VERBENA hyb, coccinea fol. aureis B. Incomparabllls . (Queen ol Bedderb), ^P/ B. hybrida glgantea, ^/B. BemperflorenB coccinea. Petunia flmbrlata fl.-pl. (Lady ot the Lake). /v V"/^Prlniula flmbrlata atrosangulnea, . '^/ *° , .(^/ Illustrated CATALOGUE post-free, A>i'/From HARE & HATTSSLER, SITTINGBOUKNE. KENT. THE N EW RASPBERRY LORD BEACONSFIELD (a Seedling). The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First- class Certificates. Royal Horticultural Society, 1883. Strong Canes, 151. per dozen, ,£5 ^s. per 100 ; 4 feet Fruiting Canes, 9J, per dozen, .£3 per 100. Usual allowance to the Trade. A. FAULKNOR, INKPEN, HUNGERFORD. SEEDS -SEEDS.-SEEDS. CHARLES TURNE R'S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of New and Select Varieties of every Class of Seeds for the Garden, is now ready. THE ROYAL NURSERIES. SLOUGH. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES and ROSES. A larg&and select stock is now offered for sale. T/ie Illustrated and Descriptive CA TALOGUE ofFR UlTS Post-/7-ee. The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. SPECIAL OFFER ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS, ROSES and FRUIT TREES of all kinds, FOREST TREES, &c., All well transplanted and strong, at reduced prices (free on application). WALTER CHAS. SLOCOCK, Goldvvorth "Old" Nursery, WOKING, SURREY. <" E Purity (5n Germination of Seeds GUAR..\NTEED, BIDDLES & CO. THE PENN Y PA CKE T SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE, Supply 3000 varieties of FLOWER SEEDS, in Packets, at One Penny each, including the choicest sorts, viz. : — Asters, Balsams, Calceolarias, Cyclamens, Pansies, Petunias, Phlox Drummondii, Prinmlas, Salvias, Stocks, Verbenas, &c. All seeds being of the best quality in small quantities, the packets must be regarded as economical, not cheap. Wc recommend our various collections of twelve varieties for u. All kinds of VEGETABLE SEEDS, of best quality, by weight, and also in Penny Packets. Send for CATALOGUE, gratis (500 Illustrations), Save expense and buy a large selection in small packets. 50,000 GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS to be sold off at $s. per 100 — grand bulbs. FERNS A SPECIALTY. Hundreds of Tliousands of FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS, for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries. ABRIDGED CATALOGUE of over 1200 Species and Varieties free on application. LARGE CATALOGUE (Price 1b.), containing 75 Illustra- tions of Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable " Hints on Fern Culture," and other useful and interesting information. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. Specialties for 1885. LLUSTRATED LIST Of Choice New Seeds for Gardeners and Amateurs. Sent free to all Customers. E. J. JARMAN, The People's Seedsman, CHAKD, SOMERSETSHIRE. Martin's President Cauliflower. is. 6d. per packet. For Present Sowing. The earliest in cultivation, dwarf and com- pact in habit, head firm and pure white, and well protected by the foliage. It stands dry weather better than any other variety. Mr. Gilbert says it turned out the best o/allht grew last season. Mr. E. Stephenson, Thorganby Hall, says: — "Your 'President' Cauliflower is not only the earliest but the most useful I have ever grown ; we can plant it 3 or 4 inches closer than any other variety. The heads are very white and compact. I have grown it ever since it came out : I recommend it to all my friends." Post-free on receipt of postal order or stamps for 1^. 6d. "WILLIAM E. MARTIN, Seed Merchant, HulL PUTBUSH'S MILL- VV TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require description. Price 6s. per bushel [ts extra per bushel for package), or td per cake ; free by Parcels Post, is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON (Limited). Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N. ANTHONY WATERER Invites attention to the following LIST of well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY STOCK:— HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4.5.6,7. 8 to\ ,, laurifolia. ditto. [10 feet high. ,, Hodgins', 3, 4. 5 to 5 feet. „ myrtifolia, ditto. )- many thousands. „ Scottica, 3 to 8 feet. ,, Yellow-berried, aJtaclarense and others. „ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5,6, 8 to 10 ft. .J „ Waterer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet in circumference. „ Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of beautilul specimens. ,, Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful heads, ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds. „ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful plants. BOX. Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 7 feet, many thousands. YEWS, Common, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, thousands. ,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many thousands as Pyramids. Globes, Standards, in point of variety and size unequalled. ,, Irish, 5 to 10 feet, hundreds. thousands. CUPRtSSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5. 6 to 8 feet, „ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful specimens. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds. RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, to 10 feet. The plants are covered with buds. AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet high, thousands. JUNIPERS, Chinese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high. .. Chinese Golden, 3 to 6 feet, JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA GLAUCA. 3 to 5 feet. ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds. „ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feel, thousands. ,, „ GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. „ ORIENTALIS, 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ HOOKEKIANA. 3 to 5 feet. „ PARR VAN A GLAUCA. I M to 2 feet, hundreds. PICEA CONCOLOR. 2 to 4 fe«t, hundreds, „ GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet. ,, LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feel, hundreds. „ MAGNIKICA, 2 t03 feet, hundreds. ,. NOBILIS. iK t03 feel, thousands. ,, NORDMANNIANA, 6. 7. to 10 feet. PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds, ,, PUNGENS, 1% to 2 feet, thousands. PINUS CEMBRA, 6to8 feet. CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 lo 9 feet, hundreds. ., LIBANI (Ced.-tr of Lebanon), 3 to 5 feet. THUIA OCCIDENTALIS LUTEA. ^ to 6 feet, hundreds. THUIOPSIS BOREALIS. 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. „ PISIFERA AUREA (true). 3 to 6 feet. „ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to s Veet. Knap HtU Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey. February 28, 1885.) 777^ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. "Z&J TUESDAY, March lO. LiELIA ANCEPS SCHRCEDERIANA, NEW PURE WHITE L/ELIA ANCEPS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from Mr. F, Sander, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on TUESDAY, March 10, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, a small but especially fine importation of L^^LIA ANCEPS SCHRCE- DERIANA, Rchb. f , several great masses being among them. This is undoubtedly the finest white variety ever offered. The whole flower is very large and pure white, and entirely distinct from any of the white forms ; the throat is striped crimson, and the lip extra broad and square, and an inch across or even more. Mr. Edward Klaboch, who has collected every plant in flower, states that this variety is particularly rare, and that the flowers are of great substance, far surpassing anytliing he has seen. We consider it the finest white Lailia anceps ever introduced. Every plant received will be included in this Sale, and there are no more coming. Lcelia anceps Schrcederiana is described by Professor Reichenbach as follows : — • " There are before me twenty-seven brilliant dried lips and a dried flower. The colours are purest white, the disc between lateral lacini;e is orange, and the projecting keels running in the base of mid-lacinia? are even deeper orange ; there are three to five crimson-purple longiludmal, and several forked Imes radiating outwards. So much for the colour. The complete flower would appear to surpass the dimensions of L;ulia anceps Dawsoni ; the petals seen are remarkably broad. The great merit of the plant consists in the lip, which is broad, with short, nearly rectangular, blunt, side lacinia:. The mid-lacinia is very broad, blunt, emarginate, and the lip is quite novel to me." " The result of the description would be that the value of this remarkable white flower is admirably enhanced by the beauty of the great square and flat lip. This very ornamental Orchid bears fitly the name of one of our most excellent orchidists. Baron Schriider, and it gives me great pleasure to attach the Baron's name to such a glorious La;lia." It is one of the most recent and most brilliant introductions of Mr. F. Sander. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. THE FRUIT OF THE FUTURE. NEW MAGNIFICENT BLACKBERRY, "THE WILSON JUNR." In spite of the fact that Blackberries will grow *' anywhere " in 1 eason, and everybody likes them, it is yet a puzzling reality that it is only with great difficulty and at a high figure that we can purchase them in our markets. Surely, then, it must be apparent to all farseeing " fruit growers " that instead of glutting the markets with Gooseberries, Currants, &c., they have heie a fruit which, if planted upon any given area of land, will prove far more profitable than any other hardy truit that could be grown. And why? Simply because for halfa-dozen years ahead, at least, the stock throughout the country will not have time to become so great as to exceed the demand. Landowners, Stewards, and Gardeners, who have each year to show a balance-sheet " of profits." have here a very simple, safe method of for some years obtaining highly profitable results. Planted 3 feet by 8 feet requires at the rate of 1815 plants to an acre. Gaideners also who grow for house consumption will find this fruit a valuable assistant. It will stand any treatment, and do well where other fruits would fail. Whilst, however, we have the matter under consideration, do not let us fall into the mistake of planting any variety so long as it is a "Blackberry." Why not, (or the sake of a slightly additional first expense, obtain the very " cream " of the family ; or in other words, procure stocks of the hardiest, largest, most_ delicious, and most productive ? By pursuing this procedure the result repays the grower tenfold for the slightly additiooal first expense incurred. It was this reasoning that caused us lo give the subject our most care- ful study ; the result of which is, we offer a variety, the grande--t of the group, producing enormous berries, measuring on an average ■>,% inches around, lengthwise, and the same dimensions crosswise. (This will give an idea of the profit to be derived from ilfc culture as a market com- modity.) The berries are also glossy black, very early, of exquisite flavour, and enormously productive— the heavy load Of frUit Often bending the canes to the very ground. We can offer strong plants at is. 3d. each, 123. per dozen, 85s. per 100, carriage paid. We can oflTer other varieties as follows :—" LAWTON," " KITTA- TINNY," "PARSLEY-LEAVED (Rubus fruticosus laciniatus), WILSON'S EARLY," at gi. each, %s. 6d. per dozen, 63^. per loa. CO. VICCARS COLLYER & NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, ifc, CENTRAL HALL, LEICESTER (where all Letters are to be addressed), and CENTRAL NURSERIES, GLENFIELD, near LEICESTER. A. W. CREWS, Manager. 268 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 2S, 1885. SEASON 1885. Is now offered to the Public for the tenth year, and the Manu- facturers have again much pleasure in stating that it is still increasing in popularity. They are, however, sorry to find that it is still necessary to CAUTION the Public against, under any circumstances, accepting it, unless in their PACKETS or SEALED BAGS, as they will not be responsible for its genuine- ness under any other conditions. Where no Agent resides in the neighbourhood they will forward a Sample Bag. carriage paid, on receipt of Cheque or Post-office Order. Sold in Packets, ONE SHILLING each, and in 71b. Sealed Bags, 14 lb. 28 lb. 66 lb. 1 cwt. 2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/- CLAY & LEVESLEY, TEMPLE MILL LANE, STRATFORD, LONDON, E. Clay & Levesley also supply CRUSHED BONES, BONE DUST, PERUVIAN GUANO, SULPHATE OF AMMONIA, and NITRATE Of SODA, of the best quality only. C^UINEA BOX of SPECIALTIES.— -* We again offer a choice Collection of CARNATIONS and other POPULAR PLANTS, package and caniage free, for One Guinea, consisting of Six Pairs each choice Show Car- nations, Picotee, and Pinks to name ; twelve true old Crimson Cloves, twelve border Carnations, twelve Pyrelhrums, double, named ; twelve Show ajjd Fancy Dahlias (dry roots). Half the above, iij. J BRUNNING AND CO , Great Yarmouth Nurseries. HOICE HERBACEOUS, ALPINE, and ROCK PLANTS in great force at PAUL AND SON'S Broxbourne Nursery. Catalogues at the " Old " Nurseries, Cheshnut, N. c HoUyhock and Balsam Seed. FT. SMllH AND CO. offer, in sealed • Packets. HOLLYHOCK, in colleciions of 12 superb double varieties, named and coloured, separate, 31, dd. ; do., in six varieiieF, is ; do., mixed, in 12 colours, \s. bd, ; do., in six colours, u. BALSAMS, finest double, in nine colours, separate, ■is 6/. ; do., mixed, 2j. ; half the quantiiy, 15. West Dulwich Nursery, London, S.E. AMONGST THE BEST NEW ROSES are :- HP. GLOIRE LYONAISE, strong dwarfs. 8j. each. TEA, SUNSET, the new American yellow, 51. each. H.P. MERVIELLE DE LYON, I ,u, „,„, w),;„ H P •= H. P. WHITE BARON ESS, j '''^ '"="' '^'""= "-P- =• H P. GRANDEUR OF CHESHUNT, the freest perpetuals. ALPHONSE SOUPERT, ECLAIR, and the best of the new French Roses, ROSE SPECIES and SINGLE ROSES, strong dwarfs. STANDARDS, as fine as in the autumn, ot Hybrid Perpetuals. Magnifjcent STANDARDS of TEAS, now out of danger from frost. DWARF TEAS, in pots and in ground, by the 100 or 1000 Special Offer of Bwarf Roses. All the best old sorts, in magnificent plants, our selection, 601. per 100, PAUL AND SON, The "Old" Nurseries, Cheshunt. ANTHONY WATERER has to offer :— ASH, 4 to 6 feet. BIRCH. 3, 4 and 5 feet SPRUCE, 2}i, 3, 4, and 5 feet. SPANISH CHESTNUT, 3, 4, and 5 feet. LARCH, 4 to 6 feet. All stout and well rooted. ANTHONY WATERER, Knap Hill Nursery, Woking, Surrey. KY-BLUE DELPHINIUM (DELPHINIUM BELLA DONNA, true). — Extra strong plants, from open p^ound, of this rare and lovely variety, price 4J and 65 per dozen. DELPHINIUMS in great variety, extra strong, from open ground, 41. and 6j. per dozen. GENTIANA ACAULIS, extra strong clumps, from open ground, 4*. and 65. per dozen. THE WESTERHAM NURSERIES AND SEED CO. (late John Cattell), Wesierham, Kent. EW WHITE PLUME CELERY (Henderson's). —Seed direct from New York, ^d. per packet, iree by post. CATALOGUES free on application, POPE AND SONS, Seedsmen, izo, Market Hall, Birming- ham Nurseries, King's Norton. ASPARAGUS.— True Giant, 2, 3, and 4-yr. Fine sample loo or icoo, with price, on application. JAMES BIRD. Nurseryman, Downham. O L L Y HEDGE. The best of all Evergreen Fences. 10 to 15 inches. \ts. per loo. IS to 18 inches, los. per loo. 18 to 24 inches. 40^ per 100. These plants, which are grown in sandy loam, are beautifully rooted, and lemcve with perfect safety. JOHN CRANSTON. King's Acre. Hereford. LARCH, Strong transplanted, 2 to 2^, and 2 to 3 feet, \-2s. (;d. ; extra transplanted. 3 t04 feet, 155. p. 1000. QUICKWOOD, strong, 6 years old, 4 years transplanted, 301. per 1003 ; 4 years transplanted, 25.T. ; smaller, 15J. to 10. SPRUCE FIR and SCOTCH, all sizes up to 3 feet, and extra transplanted. Also good FRUIT TREES. Any quantity at low prices. No charge for packing. Apply to W. JACKSON and CO., Nurseries, Bedale. SPARAGUS.— Strong 2-yr. and 3-yr. Con- Dover's Colossal, 2^. and is. 6rf. per loo, 15J. and 10s, per IC03. Bags included. Special quotations for large quantities. E. QUINCEY, Fulney. Spalding. pARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and PINKS. V— ^ — Having a large stock of strong, finely rooted Plants of the above, we beg to offer them at the ffillowing low prices : — Choice Show CARNATIONS and PICO TEES, to name, our selection, i2J. per dozen pairs; purchaser's selection, 151. to i8i ditto. PINKS, Show varieties, our selection, *,$. 6d. to 6j. per dozen pairs. Old Crimson CLOVES (True), 3s. per dozen. Mixed CARNATIONS, for borders, 3^. per dozen. PYRE- THRUMS, choice Double varieties, 3^. per dozen. Carriage and oackage free for cash with older, J. BRUNNING AND CO,, Great Yarmouth Nurseries. J Seed Fotato3. OSIAH H. BAT York Street, Borough Marlcet, S.E., Offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS :— H, Rivers' Royal Ashleaf. Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf. White Elephant. Beauty of Hebron. Snowflake. Schoolmaster. Early Rose. Magnum Bonun: Forty fold. Scotch Regent. York Regent. Paterson's Victoria. Redskin Flourball. Reading Hero. Dalmahoy. Early Don, And other leading varieties. Prices on application. ASPARAGUS, grand Roots for Forcing, 2s. per dozen. \2S. 6d. p«r ico ; strong, for planting, as. 6d. per 100. SEAKALE. forcing, aj. 6d. per dozen, 16*. per 100; planting. «. per dozen, izj. 6d. per 100. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nureerymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. CHARLES SHARPE & GO.'S SPECIALTIES, 1884-5. SHARPE'S PEA. 23. 6d. per pkt. TRIUMPH. Finest Dwarf Blue Wribkled Marrow. Best fl ivoured and heavicbt cropper — sixty-nine pods, with nine to eleven Peas in each, gathered from one plant. SHARPE'S PEA. 23 6d. per p'nt. PARAGON. Hardiest and earliest large Wrinkled Marrow. Successive crops can be had for four months. First-class Certificate, R H.S., 1884. SHARPE'S PEA. Is. per quart. SHARPE'S PEA. Is. per quart. SHARPE'S BEAN. Is. per pint. PROLIFIC WHITE MARROW. An excellenl, large-podded, prolific* White Wrinkled Marrow. INVINCIBLE. Fine, long-podded. Blue Marrow. Peas deep green. A fine Market Garden Pea. CONQUEROR. The longest-podded variety known. Pods often i6 to 18 inches long. Fine for Exhibition. SHARPE'S CUCUMBER 23. 6d. per pkt. EPICUREAN. The most prolific, earliest, deepest in colour, and finest in flavour of any variety grown. Fruit long and very handsome. It is simply /ef/eci ion. SHARPE'S POTATO. 8d. per pound. VICTOR. The earliest, quickest, and most pr(^ ductive kind for forcing or eaily pUntiup — ready for table in from six to eight weeks. SHARPE'S POTATO. 4s. per stone. SHARPE'S TOMATO. Is. 6d. per pkt. DUKE OF ALBANY. Most valuable main crop variety— good to use from July to March. POMEGRANATE. Fruit larg.e round, STiooth, deep pinki suffused wiih violet. Flesh solid, very deep in colour, and of the finest flivour. SHARPE'S New Tomato. 23. 6d. per pkt. ECLIPSE. A remarkably prolific variety. Fruit globular, smooth, growiug in large clusters at every joint, exquisite flavour, colour bright cheriy*red. SHARPE'S PARSLEY. 6d per packet SHARPE'S ONION. Is. per packet. SHARPE'S MELON. Is. per packet LINCOLN GREEN. The perfection of garnishing Parsley. PRIZE WHITE SPANISH. The best type of the Banbury section of Onions. RAUCEBY HALL. Finest flavoured green-flesh Melon in cultivation. For full description see Advertisements in the Horticultural Papers ; or, SHARPE'S SEED LIST for 1885. Post-free on application. WHOLESALE GENERAL CATALOGUE of SEEDS, with Trade Prices, of SHARPE'S SPECIALTIES post-free on application. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD. fl February 2S, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 269 WEBBS' SEEDS OF BEAUTIFUL Flowers. WEBBS' NEW PRIMULAS Per packet, post-free— f. r'. Webbs' Puiity 2 6 Webbs' Scarlet Emperor .. .,2 6 Webbs' Rosy Morn (Distinct) .. ..2 6 Webbs' Zxqusite, Mixed Colours .. 16 WEBBS' DOUBLE GERMAN STOCKS, Mixed Colours, l3. per Packet. Post-free. Fran W. Wood, Ehc dc la irnv^tr of the Tea Roses, and a house planted with these would be a source of constant enjoyment. I have seen such houses, and while they may lack the brilliancy of colour which houses of other flowers may give, I am quite sure that for every true lover of what is chaste, refined, and beautiful in the demesne of Flora, there is nothing which would so well repay the loving care that would be bestowed upon it. Wild Rose, CYPRIPEDIUM LEUCORRHODUM, «. hyb. art. A fine fresh English Orchid, raised at the Royal Exotic Nursery of Messrs. Veitch & Sons. The seed- bearing plant was Cypripedium Roezlii, the pollen parent C. Schlimii album. Its leaves are very broad and firm. The strong peduncle at hand has short, stiff hairs. Bracts triangular, acute, convolute, not equalling the dark purple ovary, that has exceedingly short scarce hairs. The flower is nearly that of Cypripedium Roezlii in shape, the tail-like petals being of medium length. Their ground colour is pure white. Petals beautifully marginate with purple, and with very stiff purple hairs at the base inside. The upper sepal has some purple wash while the conchoid connate sepal ("inferior") is pure white. Lip with purple sac, the prgjecting square edges at the on base of the sides deep purple outside, while the remaining part of the involved lateral laciniae is sulphur-coloured. There are brown spots inside at the bottom of the lip, Staminode irregularly square, being broader in front with numerous black-purple hairs on each side. The plant would appear to have good avenir, H. G* Rchb, f. Masdevali.ia Wallisii stui'ks'da, n, var. I FEEL persuaded this is the grandest Masdevallia sight I ever enjoyed. It is not so much for the length of the tails, but for the immense development of the triangles of the sepals, that the plant rivals most probably! anything seen in Europe, not excepting the grand Masdevallia Winniana. Looking to the average flowers of Wallisii, our neophyte may claim to beat them by 2] to 2\ inches. The tails are fine chocolate-coloured on the outside of the sepals, the same colour is seen at the apex of the triangular parts, mostly on the upper sepal. The ground colour is a light sulphur, and the internal disc around the internal organs is orange. At each side of the petals stands a small cushion-like white place covered with numerous small scarlet spots. Some large chocolate-coloured spots are spread over the triangles on both sides, and the inside shows a splendid ridusse in hairs ; petals and lips normal. When looking over my collection I found the same thing kindly given me by Mr. Shuttle- worth, who may have been the lucky discoverer of this phenomenal creature. I have to thank for the flower Sir Trevor Lawrence, Batt., ^LP., P.R.H.S., who sent it to me on December iS last. Having asked as to the peduncle, I got a highly interesting answer, coincident with observations of mine made in other genera (° 55' (Ju'y. 59° ; August, 59°) ; but at Turuchansk there were, in June, seven days with the temperature, at I P.M., ranging between 6S° and 73°; in July, fifteen days ranging between 6S° and 82° ; and in August, sixteen days ranging between 62° ard 75°. Number'ofdays completely clouded:— June, 6; July, 9; August 3. Snow did not occur till June 15, and was observed again on August 29 (Annakn der Physika- lischen Central Ohserva/onums, St. Petersburg). In Norway the cultivation of Gourds (Cucurbiti Pepo, L.) reaches 59° 55'. In North America, at Cumberland House, lat. 53° 57'j 1 sugar harvest is collected from Negundo fraxinifolium, Nutt. (Acer Negundo, L.), bymeansof cuttings in the trees, but the flow of the sap is greatly influenced by the action of the sun's rays, and is greatest after a smart night's frost (Richardson, Scanh Expedition through Rupert's Land, vol. ii., p. 236). In summer the influence of the direct sunlight causes the tropical mid-day temperature so common in the interior of both continents in the temperate zone ; but in America the days' differences are much greater than in Asia ; |1 even near the eastern shores (Moiitreal, (Quebec, &c.) daily difi'erences of 20° are of common occurrence in midsummer. The Asiatic continent, reaching to the Arctic Sea, without interruption presents to the sun's rays a much greater surtace than is the case with America, where the melting ice in Hudson's Bay and the Arctic archipelago consumes the greatest part of the solar warmth, being at the same time the cause of Ihe sudden low temperatures occurring when the wind turnsto Ihe north or north-west. Notwithstanding this, the European vegetables and corn are cultivated with success in the United Stales and the interior of Canada, but some of them cannot stand the sudden changes of temperature, as, for instance, the Vine, and also the Orange tree (Citrus aurantium, L,, et var.) ; the general cultivation of the latter does not reach beyond 30° N. lat. (Florida). {To be continued.) * On account of the barometric summer minimum over the Astatic continent. t Temperature of Ochotsk, lat. 59' 21':— June, 46° ; July, 55* ; August, 56°: September, 47'. Temperature of Nicolajefsk, lat. 53* 8' :— June, 54" ; July. 57" ; August, 6i" ; September, 50". See Schrenck, Keise tm Atnur L/inde, bd. iv., p. 405. t Mean temperature in 1876 at York factory, lat. 57° :— June, 49°; July, S/° ; August, 55°. Mean temperature in 1880 at Moose Fott, Ontario, lat. 51° 16': — June, 55°; July, 59°; August, 35 ; September, 52°. See Refort of llie Meteorologicai Service in Canada. § Percentage of sky clouded, Nikolajefsk on the Amur :— June, 58- ; July, 59" ; August, 63". See Schrenck, Reiie im Amur Lijn^c, hd. iv., p. 476. Percentage of slty clouded in 1880 at Moose Fort :— June. 66 ; July, 62 ; August, 6a. Number of rainy days:— June, 15 ; July, 15 : August, 20. See Report of the Meteorological Service in Canada. II Greatest dilTercnce at Winnipeg, lat. 49' 55', on July 2, 1881 :— Maximum. 98' ; minimum, 45° : difference 53". At Poplar Heights, Manitoba, lat 50' 5' :— Maximum on Mayuao, 86 , minimum, 27" : dilTerence, 59'. At BLagoweschtschensk, Siberia,'lat. so'.is', onlMay 25, 1861 :— Ma.ximum,'79' ; minimum, 48' : ditTerence, 31'. At Akmolinsk, lat. 52' 12', on May 25, maximum 68° ; minimum, 50' ; diflercnce, 18 . THE DOUBLING OF SPANISH DAFFODILS. It is not generally known that these self-yellow or concolorous Daffodils can be doubled by cultivation in suitable soils, though this fact has for long been recognised by gardeners in the case of Ihe common wild English Daffodil, or Lent Lily. Having lately obtained an introduction to a gentleman living in the North of Portugal, I asked him if he could obtain me some of the wild Daffodils of the country, and he replied that a small single Daffodil, which he took to be the common form of N. Pseudo- Narcissus, was common a few miles away. He added that a few years ago he dug up 200 or 300 to stock his garden, and that in two years all of them were producing large double flowers, except under a Palm tree, which had exhausted the soil with its roots. I then begged for flowers of both double and single forms, which were already out on February 10. Some arrived by post yesterday. The double flowers are hidecus deformities, with green centres, and very double ; the single certainly belong to one of the much-incised concolorous forms— I should say N. minor of the Daffodil Conference ; but after their overland journey of 1500 miles they are not in first-rate condition, and I ain not sure that they might not belorg to the closely allied form cultivated by the name of lobularis ; but, as I am promised bulbs of both single and double, I hope next year to study them at home, together with a great many others doubled by culti- vation, WolleyDod, Edge Hall, Malpas, February zo. SULPHIDE OF POTASSIUM AS A REMEDY FOR PLANT DISEASE. Various applications of sulphur have been used from time immemorial for the destruction of mildew and red-spider, generally in the form of flowers of sulphur— an imperfect remedy, the application of which is both inconvenient and unsightly. Some old gardeners recommend quicklime and sulphur to be boiled together, in water ; this inakes a solution of bisulphide of calcium, which is probably a very efficient form of applying sulphur to plants, but as yet I have not tried it. The mixture of sulphur and carbon, or bisul- phide of carbon, is known to be the best remedy against Phylloxera, but unfortunately it is veiy spatiiigly soluble in water (some treatises on chemistiy describe it as insoluble) ; moreover, its odour is most offensive. The odour of the compound of sulphur and potassium (bisulphide, or sulphuret of potassium, the "liver ofsulphur '-'of theold books), which is here recom- mended, is not agreeable being that of Harrogatewatcr, but it is sweet compared with the carbon compound ; however, I gratefully tolerate the smell, in recognition of the multifarious cures it effects in man, beast, and plant. A strong solution (half an ounce to a pint of water) applied to the surface affected, by means of lint or rag wetted in it, is a perfect remedy for many kinds of poisoned wounds, skin diseases caused by vegetable and animal parasites, whitlows, and many forms of inflammation involving the formation of pus. I have had thirty years' experience of its valuable qualities in such cases, and I never found it do any mischief in the few where no benefit could be triced to its use. On two occasions gardeners in my employ came to me with poisoned wounds, each with his hand and fingers swollen, and both perfectly stiff', with a red line up the arm, showing extension of the inflammation to the axilla ; in each case I applied to the hand a bandage wet with a strong solution, and in each case on the next day the inflammation had disappeared, and the hand and fingers could be moved freely. I make no excuse for referring to this medical phase of the subject, for independently of the liability of gardeners to the accident referred to, the action ol the potassium compound of sulphur on animals is of the same character as its action on plants, and what is very important, to neither, even when no direct benefit can be traced to its application it does any harm, even to the most delicate plant, when plunged overhead. Plunge soil and pot in a solution of a quarter of an ounce to the gallon (I have frequently used half .an ounce to the gallon without mischief, but a quarter of an ounce is sufficient) ; I have saturated every Orchid, filling two houses, without a trace of injury to foliage, pseudobulb, or root ; in fact, the growing points of the roots appear mote active after the dose. As to the benefit to plants Fei'.kuary 2S, 1S85.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 277 to be derived from its use, it arrests at once all forms of fungoid growth — even the hard fungus which grows on dead wood ; it is a perfect remedy for mildew on Roses, .Sic. I have found it ellicient against red- spider J it is probably equally so against microbes, various forms of which are doubtless as injurious to plants as other forms are supposed to be to animals. It will probably relieve us from those diseases which are so destructive to the bulbs of Lilief, Eucharis, &c. My limited experience has already proved that it has arrested disease in many varieties of plants. I was ilriven to the neces- sity of taking some active steps to counteract a form of disease, which had become endemic with me, the marked symptom of which is rotten roots. As this has increased so much of late, and had begun to attack every plant in ray houses {a great variety), I began experimenting at the beginning of this winter very carefully with the sulphuret of potassium, and growing bolder as I traced no injury to its use, I ultimately applied it to nearly all my plants. I should have postponed writing until after an extended experience during the growing period of the year ; but I thought that some benefit might arise from others joining in the experiment, even if they limited themselves to testing its eflfect upon that very trouble- some disease, mildew on Roses, which so frequently puts in its appearance at this season of the year. The compound is cheap — I pay S./. per pound for it ; it is very soluble in water, and is easy of application. Edmund Tanks, Krunule, Warwickshire. THE CULTIVATION OF EARLY MELONS. OtiR modern improvements in the way of glass erections, combined with the perfect means we possess nowadays for heating them, has considerably diminished the labour, and made the cultivation of this kind of fruit much less difficult than it formerly was under the old system ; but with these advantages care, with skill combined, is as essential as ever it was in order to produce a good crop of first-rate Melons early in the month of May. For this purpose difl'erent means are employed ; some growers prefer cultivation in pots, whilst others resort to planting out in beds. Pot Culture. For very early work I am in favour of the former method, and still adhere to the practice ot employing a fermenting bed in the house, not merely for the sake of the heat it affords to the roots, but likewise for the stimulating effects it produces on the plants. I arr.ange to have a well-heated and light pit in which there is room enough above the bottom-heat pipes to have a good fermenting bed composed of equal pro- portions of Beech leaves and stable manure, " which ought to be sweetened by fermentation before it is introduced ;" this is made up to within iS inches of the glass, thus it brings the plants within the range of every ray of light and sunshine— very indispensable elements for this work and especially so at this par- ticular period of the year. Potting and Training. The pots are 12 or 14 inches in diameter, are plunged in the bed in a row 2 feet apart, then are filled with moderately rough calcareous loam, with about a sixth of sandy soil cr road scrapings added. When the plants are ready and the soil has become warm put a single plant into each pot ; plant it care- fully, otherwise the roots, "which at this season are not over-numerous or strong," may be injured. Water the plants with tepid water, and tie them up care- fully, to prevent any damage arising from the use of the syringe, which will be necessary at least twice every day. Let the terminal shoot run about 2 feet, when it should be pinched, and the side shoots from it should be stopped as early as possible at the first point above that where the Melon is to be set— a process which by no means should be neglected at the proper time, as the object in view is to have ripe Melons as soon as possible. Not more than two fruits on each plant should be left to finish off. General Directions. The chief points in the management consist in keep- ing the heat at the roots regular at about 80^. In the event of the heat arising from fermentation being inadequate, use the bottom-heat pipes at once to sup- plement it. Water very carefully at first and on- wards until the plants have taken well hold of the soil, when they will need it abundantly and in an improved form by means of adding a little liquid manure or diluted guano-water. When the roots have permeated the surface-soil encourage them upwaids by means of adding some moderate sized pieces of fresh loam and lumps of manure intermixed, which should be laid over the surface roughly, and, if expedient, a collar made of zinc is sometimes placed round the rim of the pot for such additions. During the early stage of growth the house should be kept rather close and the air moist, with a temperature of from 70" to So^ constantly, and from So" to 90° by solar heat. Close the house early in the afternoon with plenty of sun-heat, and syringe the plants thoroughly at the same time. As the foliage becomes hardened give more air whenever favourable, but still maintain the heat as described. Sowings. Under careful management, seeds which were sown about the middle of last January will now be fit tor planting out. A supplementary sowing should be made now, when, if desirable, more varieties may be included of both green and scarlet-fleshed kinds. Diseases. The most troublesome disease to contend with in Melon culture is canker, which attacks the plants when in a bearing state, and ofienlimes is most vexatious as well as disappointing ; and although many remedies are propounded and applied to check the disease, yet none with which I am acquainted are altogether eft'ectual. I am testing the effect of placing a funnel-shaped zinc collar round the neck of the plants ; but at the present time my experience in the matter does not justify a recommendation of the method. I am, nevertheless, inclined to think it will have a beneficial effect. G. T. Rli'es, Wycoiiih Abbey. \m\\\%% ORCHIDS AT MR. B. S. WILLIAMS'. A VERY choice assortment of Orchids is in bloom at present at this nursery, many of them being fine types of their respective varieties. The lovely Ctelogyne cristata and C. cristata Lemoniana are well represented. D^^ndrobiums, too, are in strong healthy bloom, amongst them being D. Farmeri aureum, D. Aiosworthii, D, superbiens, D. luteolum, D. Boxalli, D. Wardianum, D. crassinode, D. nobile, &c. The Odontoglossums are well represented, O. odoratum striatum quite filling the house with its delicious scent ; O. maculatum superbum, O. hystrix magnifica, a decided advance on O. hystrix ; O. facetum, O. Horsmanni, O. nebulosum, O. Cer- vantesii, were also in bloom, some of the spikes being large and fine. Cattleya Trianx Williamsii, C. TrianK formosa, and Rodgersii, C. Percivaliana and C. Warscewiczii delicata, were all in bloom, and the rest of the Cattleyas were in grand health, and showing fine strong " sheaths " in pro- fusion. Cypripediums were well represented by C. Harrisianum, C. villosum, C. Warnerii, C. Maulei, C. Ilaynaldianum, C. Dayanum, C. Ash- burtoniK. Masdevallias, too, looked very well, the beautifully scented Dendrochilum glumaceum and the less favoured variety, D. uncatum, had good spikes. Vandas were throwing up a grand lot of spike". Zygopetalum crinitum roseum is a good Orchid in its class, and has a fine dwarf habit of flowering, so that the flowers have the advantage of being " set off" by the foliage. Sophronites grandiflora caught the eye with its brilliant coloured blooms. Amongst Lailias were L. harpophylla and L. anceps grandiflora. Three varieties of Lycaste Skinnerii, viz., amabilis, picta, and purpurata, were distinct. The brilliant Ada aurantiaca was in good form, and many others not mentioned form a fine display for the season of the year. Freaks of Orchids. Seeing that Major Lendy exhibited a plant of Phalsenopsis Schilleriana with adventitious buds before the Scientific Committee, possibly the follow- ing may be of interest :— On one of our plants of Phatenopsis Stuartiana a piece of the root, about 2 inches long, by some means got detached from the plant, though still adhering to the Teak rod of the basket, and strangely enough from the end of the root a small plant has formed. It has made a root from itself, and seems to have infused new vigour into the old piece of root, and at the present time the little plant is growing nicely. It would be in- teresting to know if any more of your correspondents have noticed any such freaks among their plants, or if any one has succeeded in propagating Phalcenopsis rom the root. After seeing it seems possible that it fmight be done. C. J. Sailer, Scll'Orne, SIrcalham, Orchids at Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea. The fine large Cattleya-house is now wonderfully full of great healthy plants of Cattleya Triana?, there beln; fully 1000 handsome blooms now open, and with a promise of a long continuance of the blooming season, to be followed iiy that of Cattleya Mossia;, of which one side bench of this very long house mainly consists. The C. Trianie give a pretty wide range of dilference in colour, from the palest flesh colour in sepals, petals, and labellum, to the deepest purplish- rose, and dark purple lip in others. The frillings ot the lip and its amount of expansion are quite as varied as we found the colouring. The exhibition is quiti remarkable, and would delight any one, either orchidist or not. A few fine plants of Vanda suavis placed at intervals, and just showing on some what the colours of their flower-buds were, breaks up the otherwise flatfish appearance of the mass of Cattleyas when out of bloom. A few of the richer coloured C. Percivalliana interrupted the show of rose and purple, and the eye rested thankfully on little masses of the pretty white Co^logyne, the Trentham variety. Coming on among the C. Triances were many speci- mens of C. purpurata and C. Mendelii. In a Cypii- pedium-house were a few plants of C. Ilaynaldi, C. villosum, C. Sedeni, and the fine old masses of the Chatsworth variety of Ccelogyne. Near by Zygo- petalum maxillaria was found covered with its richly tinted blooms, the colours ot which are so well set oft' by the fine blue labellum. This is probably the biggest specimen extant, as it .certainly is one of the finest bloomed. The yet more scarce Dendro- bium crassinode alba had thrown up a fairly strong spike, as had likewise the novel Aiirides Lawrencias, which has only bloomed in two previous years. The loosely arranged panicle resembles A. odorata, but has a faint green tinge, that is deepest at the bottom sf the tube. Many plants of Angrajcum sesquipedale were abundantly covered with flowers, and Vanda ccetulescens was pushing many spikes, that must be considered strong for this variety. Dendtobiuni speciosum, about which so much has been written as to its treatment both now and formerly, was doing well here, one plant of no great size carrying three good spikes of bloom. Ot Odontoglossums, which never seem to be quite out of bloom, there were many of O. Rossi, and a beautiful form, richly coloured beyond precedent, of O. triumphans, the petals being remarkable tor thick- ness. Of O. Pcscatorei, O. Wilckeanum, and O. crispum were numerous specimens ot great beaulj', although several stood out as being much better than others. A little bit of the golden O. concolor con- tributed a welcome morsel ot colour to the house, and the O, unguiculatum was noticeable by its green lip. The new hybrid Lrelia bella, described in the pages ot the Gardeners' Chronicle, February 9, 1SS4, p. 175, was carrying two large blooms. This is the second year ot its llowering. The character ot Lcelia pur- purata—the seed-bearing parent of this hybrid— is more evident in the colour, while Cattleya labiata gives the form and size. A pretty hybrid Dendrobium named splendidissi- mum came under notice, which had particularly pleasing tints and form, the parents being D. nobile and D. hetcrocarpum, the flower possessing ihe delicious perfume of the latter species. A few other new Dendrobiums were seen in D. micans, a hybrid between Low's variety of D. Wardianum and D. lithuanium, with a deep purple blotch in the throat, and rosy petals and sepals. Of Cypripediums there were amongst the newest C. tesselatum porphyreum, C. Sedeni candidissimum, a beautiful improvement on C. Sedeni, the light tints being purer, and the rosy ones fainter ; C. calurum, C. cenanthum superbum, the varnished look of the whole bloom, together with the dark-spotted, while- margined dorsal petal, and rich port-wine-coloured sac, making this a very fine noticeable variety. The fine C. Leeanum superbum was also flowering on several specimens, not two ot which were exactly alike. 278 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 28, 1885. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. f Sale of Freehold Nurseries and other Pro- j perties re James Wheeler, at War- I minster, by Prolheroe & Morris, \in.. ^ J Sale of Established Orchids, at Prolheroe & ^'^'^- 3 \ Morris' Rooms. I Sale of Camellias, Azaleas, Roses, Tuesday, City Auction Rooms, by Protheroe & L Morris. r Sale of Greenhouse and Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms 1 Great Clearance Sale of 4 acres ot Nursery Wednesday, Mar. 4 \ stock, at the Warminster Nurseries, by Prolheroe & Morris (five days.) Sale of Lilium auratum, Plants, &c., at L Prolheroe & Morris" Rooms. ( Meeting ot the Linnean Society, Mar. s \ Sale of Established and Imported Orchids, \ at Stevens' Rooms. Mar 6 / ^^'^ ^'^ Imported Orchids, at Protheroe & Thursday, Friday. Saturday, 5/' J Morris' Rooms. .J f Sale of Roses, Fruit Trees, and Border 7 -^ Plants, at Stevens' Rooms. THOSE who have travelled much in Eng- land and seen the fruit trees and Apple orchards of its cottages and homesteads, need not be told that Apples are grown in this country in all kinds of soils, and even in dis- tricts as inclement as the extremes of North Britain. If cultivated Apples are not indigenous in the high latitudes of the United Kingdom, they must have been of very ancient introduc- tion, for the Romans found them producing acid fruit, with a tough green skin, as far north as Ultima Thule, the most distant of the Shet- land Isles ; and there we have seen them green and tough as ever. Apples will grow anywhere within our confines, and, with due allowance for exceptions and extremes, their quality will depend generally on varieties and cultivation rather than locality. Great Apple trees, with tall and spreading heads, bearing scores of bushels of fruit, can hardly be expected except on the most con- genial soils ; and as the development of the roots bears close relation to the height of the tree and the extent of its branches, the subsoil beneath these great orchard trees must neces- sarily be congenial. In different parts of the country we find trees varying in size according to the soil, trees of the largest size affecting deep soils with favourable subsoils. Mr. T. B. Woodward, who opened the discussion on "Fruit Farming" last year at the London Farmers' Club, and whose father planted orchards largely between Tewkesbury and the Avon, expressed his belief that large parts of the Midland and East Midland Counties were adapted to successful Apple growing. This means that the soil of these districts is capable of bearing Apples naturally and without a large expenditure in manuring the trees, and defend- ing their roots from an uncongenial subsoil. The best sorts of Apples can hardly be pro- duced either in uncongenial climates or on in- different soils, though there may be few soils that refuse to bear this accommodating fruit when they are properly cultivated and enriched. You may, in fact, grow your own Apples for your own use almost anywhere, but in some situations you would grow them for market under great disadvantages. A typical soil for Apples is one that is sound and dry, deep and friable, and an Apple crop can be produced on such land in favourable seasons with the same economy that Maize or Wheat can be produced on the une.xhausted soil of the Western States. The earliest planters of our Apple orchards for saleable fruit, or for cider, wisely selected for their operations the wholesome loams of Worcestershire and Here- fordshire, chiefly on the Old Red Sandstone, or the deep and well drained land of Devonshire and Somersetshire, with the Ragstone loams of the Medway valley. In these districts the largest orchard trees have long been grown with the biggest crops of Apples. Still the growth of Apple orchards has not been confined to the typical soils, and aUhough this kind of hus- bandry has fallen into neglect, the remnants of old orchards, cankered and moss-grown, are quite a feature of the rural landscape both on the light soils of Surrey and on the stiff loams snd clays of the weald of Sussex, A large farmer of heavy land, near Horsham, informs us that in 1870, before the rain-floods of more recent years, his Apple orchards jnelded 1000 gallons of cider. The trees, he states, were planted at a period when farm servants were boarded in their employers' houses, and when cider was largely consumed in hay-time and harvest ; but habits have altered, and beer is now regarded as a better beverage than cider, and it is easily obtained. Hence the decay of the farmhouse orchards. A vast amount of useful information on our subject is contained in the report on British Apples by the committee of the National Apple Congress, compiled by Mr. A. F. Barron, and published by Macmillan & Co., to which we have frequently referred. The number of different names applied by the exhibitors to the Apples shown at the Congress was 2020, but many of these were synonymous, and the number of distinct varieties probably did not exceed 1544 — a sufficiently large list for any Apple grower to select from ! The forms filled up by the exhibitors supplied the compiler and, through him, the reader of his admirable report, with unbiassed and exhaustive infor- mation on the situations where the trees were grown, whether they were sheltered, or other- wise, the character of the soil and subsoil, the stocks on which the trees were grafted, their form, whether standards or bushes, and the best sorts. Mr. Barron, it will be remem- bered, has grouped the selections of sorts geographically, so that the different dis- tricts and the sorts suitable for them may be examined separately. Examining the re- turns from the Garden of England, we find, as might be expected, that the Apple is grown on standards grafted on the Crab, the tree being often fifty or sixty years old, as for example at Mereworth, Maidstone, in the orchard of Mr. G. Beaton, who exhibited eighty sorts, naming and describing the favourites of his district, such as Cox's Orange Pippin, Margil, Cornish Gilliflower, Dumelow's Seedling, Winter Non- such, and other sorts recommended for market use. Mr. L, A. Killick of Langley, Maidstone, exhibited 126 sorts, and his con- cise remarks convey his opinion on the re- spective economy of growing Apples for market on large or small trees. Most of his trees are standards grafted on the Apple stock. "The Paradise stock," he says, "does not pro- duce a tree large enough for market purposes." Large trees are usually grown on turf, and are then manured, year by year, by means of cattle or sheep fed on the grass with oilcake, the best orchards being thus produced on deep loam resting on Kentish Rag or gravel. On the other hand exhibitors from the chalk districts of Kent invariably describe their Apples as grow- ing on bushes, pyramids, and cordons, so that the roots may be kept under control. Mr. Charles Langley, of Dover, who sent a fine lot of fruit, including thirty-six sorts, grows pyramids on the chalk artificially. Finding that his Apple trees used to suffer in hot summers, producing only small fruit, he dug large holes down to the chalk and replanted the trees in good turfy loam, in which they grow well and ripen their wood. " The great secret is," he remarks, " to mulch well with good manure ; the better manure I use the better the fruit." In dry weather he waters the trees. With the aid of a Uttle reading between the lines Mr. Barron's report, statistical as it needs must be, forms a very valuable essay on Apple growing both for sale and for home use. We hope to recur to this subject on a future occasion. WOODWARDIA radicans, — We are accus- tomed to see this bold looking Fern in cool ferneries and conservatories, where its sturdy habit and elegantly arching fronds produce an excellent effect both of lightness and strength. Occasionally, too we have met with it nestling in some sheltered nook out-of-doors, but never in such beauty as is shown in the accompanying engraving (fig. 54), taken from a photograph kindly placed at our disposal, and repre- senting a plant growing in the open air in the garden of T. S. BOLITHO, Esq., Trengwainton, Penzance. The plant measures iS feet by 13 feet, the average length of the fronds being 5 feet 6 inches. Wood- wardia radicans has, like many Ferns, a very wide range of distribution, in this case in temperate and subtropical regions, as southern Europe, Madeira, the Himalayas, California, &c. A marked peculiarity ci the species resides in the production of adventitious buds on the axis or rachis of the frond, by means of which the plant can be propagated. Crested varieties are also in cultivation, Botanic Garden, Klaitsenbkrg, — We have received a copy of the seed catalogue of ihe botanic garden of this Hungarian University, which labours under a plethora of synonyms, being known as Claudiopolis officially, and vernacularly as Kolozsviir :ind Klausenburg. Finger and Toe, — An amusing illustratioQ of the perplexity occasioned by vernacular names is before us. A German gentleman in Russia found in an English book on plant life the expression " finger and toe " as applied to roots. Perplexed to know what this might mean he applied to the University librarian, a man of erudition. He looked on it as the title of a book, although no such book was in the library. An anatomist naturally thought it had refer- ence to some surgical deformity. One botanist rightly divined its meaning, while another thought all the suggested explanations very unsatifactory, Bamboo. — Mr. Thiselton Dyer, at the last meeting of the Linnean Society (February 19) exhibited and made remarks on specimens of the peculiar "Square Bamboo" {Bambusa quadrangularis, Fenzi) — see Gardeners' Chronicle, January 29, 1876, p. 147, fig,, and on articles (screens, &c,) made from the so-called "Hairy Bamboo " (probably Den- drocalamus latifolius, Munro), sent from Wenchow to the Kew Museum by Dr. Macgowan. Linnean Society. — At the next meeting of this Society, which will be held on March 5, at S p,M,, papers will be read on :— I. " New Genera and Species of Hydroids from H. Gatty's collection," by Professor Allman. 2. "Recently Discovered Flowering Plants from the Interior of New Zealand," by Rev. W, Colenso. 3. " Rearing, Growth, and Breeding of Salmon in Fresh-water in Great Britain," by Dr, F, Day. Vriesea Warmingii. — A handsome Bro- meliad, 3 — 5 feet, with tufted leaves, dilated at the base, and extending with long linear oblong acumi- nate leaves, each nearly a yard long. The flower- spike is about 5 feet in height, rising above the tuft of leaves, and bearing above a close two-ranked spike of flowers of a yellow colour, scarcely exceeding the boat-shaped bracts, which are yellow, with green tips. The plant is a native of Brazil, where it was discovered by M, Warming, It is figured in tab. 1 1 of the Bel^ique Horlicok for September, 18S4. Pitcher of Dischidia. — According to Treub, who has studied the living plant in the garden of Buitenzorg, the pitcher in this plant is a modification of the blade of the leaf, its inner surface corresponding to the lower surface of the leaf and vice versd. The pitcher-like form is due to an increased relative growth in the central portion of the leaf. When the pitcher is complete, adventitious roots are produced from the petiole, some of which enter the pitcher. It does not appear that the pitchers of this climbing Asclepiad have any digestive properties. Insects enter them, but there is no provision for retaining or dissolving them, and the roots in the pitcher aftbrd an easy me,ins ot escape. The real object seems to be the supply of water to the plant, which forms its own water-pot. Paris International Horticultural Exhihition,— This Exhibition will be held in Paris, in the Champs Elysces, from May 20 to May 31, Exhibitors of all nations are invited to send their pro- ductions for competition lor medals and other awards. Notice of intention to exhibit should be given to the President, 84, Rue de Grenelle, Paris, before April 25 next. British exhibitors should apply for schedules February 28, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 279 to M. Ernest Bergmann at the above address. There are eleven classes for new plants in each of the following groups— stove, greenhouse, or hardy. Six classes on the same conditions for plants of fine culti- vation, and three for market plants. For stove and greenhouse plants of various characters there are 109 classes ; for hardy plants, Roses, Clematises, &c., 109 classes ; for cut flowers six classes, besides various other classes. Fill-ditch Month. — February has in the South justilied its old reputation of the fill-ditch month, and has done so in a manner that is satisfying the most ardent demands for more rain. A heavy and continuous rainfall at this season of the year brings its inconveni- ences and hindrances, but if followed by a dry March as much rain as may, because of the lack of moisture during the past year. Fruit growers who see their trees full of promise for the season are heartily rejoic- ing that the rain is reaching their roots and affording them that sustenance without which the greatest pro- mise might have been unfulfilled. Those over-anxious to sow and plant may perhaps wish they had not been quite so hasty, or may now be deterred from such acts until the season has become both more advanced and more favourable. There can be little doubt but that next summer we shall have ample reason to be thankful to February for its contribution of rain. Mr. James Thomson, who has acted as manager of the house plant department in Messrs. DiCKSONS & Co.'s nurseries, Edinburgh, for the last after flowering. It 1833, after introducing a swarm of Ligurian bees from England, a cross-fertilisation was effected. The Hybrid Kchium possesses the leaves of the giant plant, and the stem merely branches sparingly. The flowers are tinged light blue, and the perennial habit of E. fastuosum is expressed by the c mtinual growth of the flower racemes, which, after flowering for two years, measure 26 inches, and are still unfolding. The seeds of this hybrid have not germinated. Why these magnificent plants are not more frequently seen in our gardens is a puzzle. School OF Forestry, Edinburgh.— At a meeting of the Edinburgh Town Council, held on the 24111 inst., it was unanimously agreed, on the recom- FlG. 54.— WOODWARDIA RADICANS. (SEE P. 278.) no harm will be done ; but, on the other hand, the satisfying of the thirsty soil will be productive of much good. We have found the soil universally working so well, and so tempting for sowing and planting, that it seems a pity such good tilth should be damaged. This pleasant condition of the soil arose from the exceeding dryness of the subsoil and the facility with which the surface moisture perco- lated through. Now that this lower stratum of the soil, with its constant drain from roots of trees and shrubs is being satisfied, the earth will presently assume a pasty form unless we get considerable relaxing of the rainfall, so as to enable the surface moisture to get well away. As long as there is free percolation from the surface the soil suffers little, but when it is flooded day after day, and finally the water lies for a time on or in the soil, very bad results follow. All this it is to be hoped may be avoided this season at least, come eleven years, has been appointed Head Gardener to James Hope, Esq., of Belmont, Mid-Lolhian. Mr. Thomson was recently presented with a handsome album, along with a purse of sovereigns, by a number of his friends, which included all the leading nursery and seed firms in the city and their managers, as well as most of the head gardeners in the district. Hybrid Echium.— Dr. Grabham, of Madeira, describes in Nature a hybrid between E. fastuosum and E. simplex. The former is a perennial shrub, 3 to 4 feet high, with hairy light green leaves, and branching stems, crowded with scorpioid racemes of light blue flowers with white stamens. The latter has large, smooth, silvery leaves, and terminates its growth in one unbranched stem, densely packed with folded flower-stalks bearing pure whire blossoms, and forming a pyramid sometimes 14 feet high ; it dies mendation of the Lord Provost's Committee, on a circular from the Marquis of Lothian, to contribute ^250 to the funds for establishing a School of Forestry and Museum, on condition that the scheme be carried into effect. Rare Orchids. — At Messrs. Protheroe & Morris' Sale Rooms, Cheapside, on Tuesday, a plant of Cffilogyne crista alba was, after a keen com- petition, knocked down to Mr. William Bull, of Chelsea, for £\'i\. The plant had seven flower- spikes, the blooms being snowy-white without the least shade or tint. Several other high prices were also obtained. Vriesea retroflexa X . — This is a hybrid out of V. scalaris by V. psittacina var. Morreniana, raised by Professor MoRREN, at IMtge, and combining the characteristics of both parents. The leaves are 28o THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 38, 1SS5. like liose of the seed parent, the flower-spike at Brst curves downwards, as in the seed parent, but subse- quently becomes erect, like that of the pollen parent. The bracts are scarlet, the flowers loosely arranged in two rows, and yellow in colour. Professor MORREN hung up some of the plants in an inverted position when the flower-spike was appearing in order to see what effect would be produced. Under these circumstances the spike remained straight. Replacing the plants in their normal position the spikes were, of course, erect, but after some days they became bent downwards, the tips showing a tendency to curve upwards. The plant, moreover, has a tendency to produce flowers at a very early period from the suckers. The flowers remain in beauty for a long period, and the plant is very suitable for cultivation in a basket suspended from the roof. Bclpqiie Horticok, 1SS4, t. 10. The Price of Wheat. — According to the useful tabular summary published by Mr. Allnutt, flie fluctuation in the weekly average price of Wheat has been greater during the past year (1884) than in 1SS3, but not so much as in 1SS2. The price in 1SS2 was lis. id. ; in 1SS3, 4J. lod. ; and in 1SS4, Si. 71/. per quarter. The annual average price of 18S4 was considerably lower tiian that of 1S83, being 5^. lid. per quarter less; and taking the two years iSSj and 1SS4 the average price has fallen ijs. $d. under 1S82. The annual average price of corn per bushel was — Wheat, 4^-. sJi/. ; Barley, 3^. lod. ; Oats, 2s. 6\d. The average price of Barley from No- vember 15 to December 13 exceeded that of Wheat. Barley is generally about I2s. per quarter below Wheat, and for the last twenty-five years Barley has averaged 13^. 6d. per quarter below Wheat. On January 3 the price of Wheat was 3IJ. 11 J., and on January 10 32^. 70'. ; this is a rise of 2s. 2d. a quarter over November 29 last. As Wheat generally rises and falls every four years, this may be the com- mencement of an upward movement. On looking over the price of Wheat from 1641 we see Wheat has not been so low for a century. In 17S0 the annual average was the same as 1SS4, viz., 35J. Sa". Previous to 17S0 Wheat was fifty-two years under this average, and eighty-seven years above it. Cowan's Patent Orchid Pottery. — A new description of receptacle in which cultivators may grow Orchids is being put on the market by Mr. John Cowan, of the Vineyard Nurseries, Garston, which admirably fulfils the requirements of this class of plants. The pots and pans have longitudinal slils, are of great variety in size, simple in form, and are made in three different qualities, viz., of the same material as ordinary flower-pots, also with finer material and finish, and lastly, as partly glazed ware. The pans, &c., fulfil all the conditions of Orchid growth, not confining the roots in any degree, allow- ing them freedom to run about outside, and affording the perfect drainage that the epiphytal species require. They must be made cheap, so that growers would not hesitate to smash them up for the purpose of releasing the roots that will cling to them, whenever repotting is done, Chinese Conifers.— In M. Franchet's account of the plants collected in various parts of the Chinese empire, several new Conifers are described, which may here be mentioned as probably some of them would prove hardy in this country. Pinus Armandi is one of the Cembra group with cones like those of P. Koraiensis, but not reflexed at the tips of the scales. It is described as a beautiful Pine with smooth green bark. Abies Davidiana is said to com- bine the characteristics of the Piceas (Spruces) and the Tsugas (Hemlock Firs), in both of which the cone- scales are persistent. The tree is lofty, with both foliage and the erect cone much larger than in most Tsugas, the cone, according to the figure, measuring nearly .6 inches in length by 2 in breadth. Abies sacra is considered to be very like A. iJavidiana, and perhaps merely a variety of it with smaller leaves and cones, and with glabrous not hairy shoots. This tree is planted around the temples : hence the name given to it. These species were collected in the province of Chem-ii, on the slopes of the Tsen-ling Mountains. Several other species are mentioned, of some, however, the specimens are too imperfect to admit of satisfactory determination. Those named are Pinus Thunbergii, Larix Kajmpferi, L. sibirica, Abies Tsuga, Cunninghamia sinensis, Cryptomeria japonica, Juniperus chinensis, J. rigida, J. recurva, Cephalotaxus Fortunei, C. pedunculata, Torreya grandis, Taxus baccata. Narcissus Committee. — Dr. Lowe, of Woodcote, Inner Park Road, Wimbledon, has issued the following circular : — " A sub-commiuee, which for brevity we will call the ' Narcissus Committee,' has been formed under the auspices of the Scientific Committee ol the Royal Horti- cultural Society, having for its object to ascertain the conditions under which the single flowers become double, or, if it be the case, the reverse, viz., how double flowers of the Narcissus tribe become single. As Honorary Secretary of the said committee, I am desired to express a hope that you will become a member. " I may mention that the committee is a large one, comprising most of the lovers of the Daffodil, in order to secure a wide field of observation ; but that while any member will be cordially welcome at its meetings, it is not expected that those living at a distance, or otherwise engaged, should attend, provided we may secure their intelligent and accurate memoranda on the subject. " From the nature of the inquiry the same commiuee will probably e.xist for several successive years, as it must be obvious no reliable information could be obtained in one or two seasons. The nature of the soil, whether light or friable, or stiff and heavy, the aspect to which the plant under observation has tieen exposed, elevation of the land, iS:c., whether the phenomenon of changing from single to double, or the reverse, has taken place in its native or natural condition, or under artificial treat- ment, and if so, what ? These, and every circumstance noted by the observer, it will be the business of the com- mittee, in the first instance, to collect, and then to sift, in order to ascertain if possible the conditions under which these changes take place ; in other words, the cause of single plants becoming double. " In order not to prolong this introductory letter, I beg to subjoin certain suggestions which have been made for the guidance of the committee, and which will prob- ably be adopted at the next meeting with such modifica- tions or additions as those present may determine. " r. Collect and sift the evidence offered by various observers as to the ' doubling ' or ' going single ' in thtir gardens. "2. If any cases seem to aflbrd prima facie evidence of ' doubUng ' or ' singling ' in this or that garden, take these as ' experimental stations.' " 3. Draw up a list of regulations for carrying out an experiment, such as — [a) Bulbs in flower this spring to be marked for experiment this summer as single, double, &c. : [b] the ground experimented on must be assured to be tree from Daffodil bulbs ; [c] precautions for securing that the labels do not get separate from bulbs, &c. "4. It will be as well that the character of the bulbs experimented on, and the result should be attested by more than one member of committee. Possibly it will be desirable that some of the committee should go down and plant the bulbs in the experimental stations. " 5. Besides the operations cr.rried on at experimental stations in localities said to have the power of doubling, &c., some sets of marked bulbs should be planted at Chiswick, under experimental conditions, and possibly in other places, where they can be watched by the com- mitttee. " With regard to the proposed meeting, I beg to state that it will take place in the Lindley Library, Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington, on March 10 next, at eleven o'clock." ■ ■ Sale of the late I. Anderson-Henry's Botanical Library. — The sale of this valuable col- lection of botanical and other works on natural history took place at Messrs. Chapman cS: Son's Great Sale Rooms, Hanover Street, Edinburgh, on the loth inst., and the two following days. The celebrity of the late Mr. Anderson-Henry as a naturalist, and especially as a hybridiser of plants, attracted considerable attention to the sale, as the books were known to have been selected with great skill and taste during a long lifetime, and included most of the best works on botany and natural science which have appeared during the present century, as v;ell as a choice selection of the works of an earlier period. The competition for some of the rarest and best works was at times very keen, and the sale, under the skilful management of Messrs. Chapman, realised a) handsome sum, many ol the books being secured at high prices, for public institutions, and by Mr. Henry's numerous friends as a j-««w;j> of a genial acquaintance and an eminent man of his day. The following are the prices realised for a few of the botanical books : — Sowerby's English Botany, 1 1 vols., 1877, /'14 5,f. ; Hooker's Botany of the An- tarctic Voyage of the lirchus and J error, 4 vols., 1847—60, £1$ 4J. 6d. J The Botanical Register, 33 vols., 1815—47, /13 ijj. ; Hooker's Journal of Botany, &c., 1S34— 57, /'5 5.,-. ; Hooker's Icones Plantarum, 6 vols., 1S37— Si,/3 izs. 6d. ; P.ixton's Magazine of Botany, 16 vols., 1S34— 49, /4 los. ; Curtis' Botanical Magazine, complete from 1793 to 1883, £^2 ; Elwes' Monograph of Lilies, 7 parts, 1S80, £$ s^- i De Candolle's Prodromus Regni Vegetabilis, 19 vols., 1S24— 69, £t, ^s. ; Royle's Botany of the Himalayan Mountains, £2 14^. ; Loddiges' Botanical Cabinet, 12 vols., 1S17 — 25, £s 4s. ; Hooker's Exotic Flora, 3 vols., 1S23, £2 14s. ; Sweet's British Flower Garden, £2 4s. ; Seboth's Alpine Plants, 4 vols., £2 6s. ; Lowe's British and Exotic Ferns, S vols., 1S67, ^3 17J. ; Bentham and Mueller's Flora Australiensis, 7 vols,, 1S63 — 68, £4,; Lindley's Pomologia Britannica, 3 vols., 1841, £2 lis.; Gerard's Herball, 1663, £2 los. ; Parkinson's Theatrum Botanicum, 1640, £2 2s. ; Flore des Serres, 6 vols., 1S65— 82, £i 121. 61/. ; Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, 40 .vols., 1S30 — 70, £6; Transactions of the Edinburgh Bjtanical Society, S vols., £2 qs ; Hooker's Flora of British India, 3 vols., 1875—79, £2 2s. ; Wight's Indian Botany, 1840, £1 i&s. ; Sowerby and John- son's British Wild Flowers, 1863, £1 151. ; Harvey's Flora Capensis, 3 vols., 1859—65, £l')s. ; Bentham's Handbook of British Flora, £1 151. ; Loudon's Arboretum Britannicum, 8 vols., 1S3S, £2 51. ; Hooker's New Zealand Flora, 1867, £1 4s. ; Torrey and Gray's Flora of North America, 2 vols., 1834— 42, £1 I2s. ; Griffith's Plants of India, 3 vols., 1847, £1 TyS. ; Wooster's Alpine Plants, 2 vols., 1S72, £1 2s. ; Atlas der Alpenflora, 3 vols., 1881—84, £1 I2s. ; The Floral Cabinet, 3 vols , 1S3S— 40, £2 ds. ; Transactions of the Horticultural Society, 10 vols., 1S20— 48, £^ 6s. MUSCARI BOTRYOIDES, OR GkAPE HYA- CINTH.—HoW strange it is that this beautiful little flower is not more largely grown for button-hole bouquets, ivc, as it is one of the prettiest things imaginable for such work, and especially as it comes in at this season of the year, when it is nearly the only small flower of a delicate blue ; it is not e.vpen- sive, as the bulbs are only is. per dozen, and are easily grown, The Oxford Union Carnation and PicoTEE Society.— Mr. Dodwell proposes to establish an annual meeting of the cultivators of the Carnation and Picotee, and an exhibition of the pro- ducts of their skill in the city of Oxford. To prevent any misunderstanding, it is proposed to give to this meeting a distinctive appellation — " The Oxford Union Carnation and Picotee Society ; " and to state that, resting wholly on popular support, it? aff.iirs will be subject to popular government. Every sub- subscriber will be entitled to a voice in its manage- ment. To provide for needful preliminary expenses, and a nucleus for the prize fund, Mr. Dodwell proposes to place certain surplus growth of his stock now on hand at the disposal of the management, and to forward to all subscribers full value for their sub- scriptions, Trevesia Sundaica.— None of the eight or nine species known to science are recorded in gar- dening books as having been introduced to this country. The subject of this note is not only con- spicuous for its large ornamental leaves, but their curious construction as well. These are divided into seven or nine large finger-like segments that are more or less contracted and narrowed towards their base, and seated or. the dilated, truncate base of the blade, that more or less resembles the foot of a web-footed bird. The inflorescence consists of horizontal or pendulous panicled umbels of flowers, with fleshy creamy-white petals, and a yellow disc. They smell rather difagrteably when fully expanded, but are extremely interesting, and followed by glo- bular berries about the size of Peas, and rcmindmg one very much of Ivy-berries. The plant is figured in Kegel's Garlaijlora, 1S64, t. 4.iS, and a plant in the P.\lm-hoHse at Kcw flowers annually about this time. Gardenino Appoint.mf-Nts. — Mr, W. Flood has been engaged as Head -Gardener to Colonel T. J. Levf.t, ALP., W)chnor Hall, Lich- field.— Mr. Alfred Grant has been appointed Head Gardener to J, Harris Sanders, E?q., Porter's Park, ■ - .« ^.u. . w„-' similar can easily be obtained in most places, and it has this one great advantage over other methods, that as the season advances and the frosts and winds be- come less and less severe, the Fir branches become more and more destitute of foliage from constant dropping, so the trees become gradually hardened off, and when all danger of frosts is over the naked Fir branches can be taken olT without injury to the trees. There are also several other simple methods, but to my mind none so good as this ; and if we consider ilie dillerence of the cost of labour between Fir branches and glass copings the verdict must be given in favour of the former, and I do not hesitate to say, lliat trees protected by Fir branches in spring will produce at least quite as good, if not better, crops than those protected by glass coping. AlJ'nJ Ganl, The CarJats, Porter's Pari. Carter's Ashtop Fluke Potato.— I missed noticing before Mr. Divers' allusion to this Potato (p. 90), in which he takes exception to my reference to it in a previous issue of the Gardeners' Chroniik. At that time I quoted a nobleman's head gardener as saying he was using it for frame culture, to succeed Myatt's Ashleaf, and that I had myself found it one of the earliest on a south border. That is quite accurate. Mr. Divers may at the same time have found it "a second early," by comparison, but he is mistaken in saying " it has always been classed as such in the catalogues." If he will turn to p. 31 of Carter's Va^le Meciim, where it is fully referred to, he will see there is not a word as to its being a second early ; on the contrary, that firm describes it as "tTie most per- fect type of an early kidney," and I had mine from them direct. I understand there are several spurious sorts sold for this. VV. J, Murphy, Clonmel, Some Permanent Beds for the Flower Garden : Bedding Out.— How to diminish the quantity of bedding plants required to embellish the flower garden and pleasure ground during the summer season, that require the protection of glass during seven months of the year, is a problem that most gardeners would like to have solved in a satisfactory manner, for most are agreed that the room taken up and the lime employed in attending to the ordinary class of bedding plants could oftentimes be used, when employers desire it, in a way that would give more varied and consequently pleasing results. My object is to show how some combinations can be pro- duced with plants that are perfectly hardy, and at the same time be of no more trouble to the gardener than the usual bedding plants in summer and much less in winter. The Clematis stands foremost in the list of hardy bedding plants, for what can surpass a bed of Jackmani fdged with Lonicera aurea reticulata ? I find one of the best-ways to manage the above is to plant the Clematis about a yard apart each way, and in two seasons they will have filled the bed. Then if it is desired some of the plants can be transplanted to form other beds. In after years I find the best way to manage them is soon after the foliage is dead to cut three-fouiths of each plant down to the ground, the remaining portion can be layered by simply burying the shoots, leaving some of the eyes out of the ground, which method of treat- ing them will soon fill the bed with a mass gf roots, and plants can be procured in quantity for planting elsewhere; at the same time fork in plenty of good rotten manure. The Lonicera is best left all the winter ; it forms a cheerful edging during the dull winter months, but about the end of .March cut it down quite close- to the ground ; it will soon break strong, making a thick edging of goldeB foliage, and it is much better kept in order by this treatment. Another good combination is a large circle, say 15 feet in diameter, centre planted with I\udbeckia Neumanni, a plant that requires trans- planting every two years to make strong grow.h ; next to that Clematis Jackmanni, edged with S.into- lina incana or D.ictyli5 elegantissima. Many cITec- tive beds can be formed of varieties of Clematis, but there is none to beat those of the Jackmanni type for the purpose, as they are strong growers, with great II )riferousness. A large circle planted with Pampas- gr.ass, edged with Tritoma uvaria glaucescens, forms a noble and attractive bed. During the past season a bed here was quite gay up to Christm.as. Tritomis can be easily increased by cutting them up or by seed: some I sowed last January, and a few seedlings bloomed in autumn. Ulue Delphiniums, mixed wiih dwarf plants of .Veer Negundo variegata, the Acer being 'well cut back every year ; dig in plenty of rotten manure in winter, which will cause the Acer and Delphinium to make strong growth, and a charming bed will result during summer. Yellow Spanish Broom, mi.xed with the copper-leaved Fil- bert, forms a very g,iy bed until the Filbert loses its leaves. N. Artificial Manure for Bulbs ; Caution.— Observing last year some remarkably fine Daffodils in Bower in pots, I asked the secret of growing them, and received the following directions for a manure :— Superphosphate of lime, 34 ; nitrate of potash, iG ; sulphate of lime, 25 ; nitrate of soda, 25- total, 100 ; quantity for a 32-sized pot, as much as would lie on a shilling. In autumn I began to experiment with it, and for a patch of Daffodils or Anemones in the open ground I mixed well with the soil above, below, and round the bulbs, at most a table-spoonful. This quantity was about equally spread in a cubic foot of soil. The bulbs so treated were carefully labelled. On going round and comparing them with those which had no manure, I find that the result of the chemicals has been deplorable. Some of the Daffo- dils have rotted in the ground without attempting to grow, while others are growing weakly. But the dillerence between manure and no manure is still more conspicuous in the Anemones. Those which were planted in the dressed soil are putting up a few threadlike stalks, and on examination many of the tubers seem dead, whilst those by their side in plain soil are healthy and vigorous and in forward bud. This experiment has been a warning to me not to play with artificial manures in gardening. C. IVolley Dod, Edge Hall, MalJ>as. The Moonock Island.— Has any one heard of the Cran'oerry (Vaccinium oxycoccus) being known by the name of Moonock? In Anagariff Lake, situated about 3 miles from Lough Neagh, in the North of Ireland, there are several small islands, one of which, from being almost covered with the Cran- berry, is known by the above name. A pleasure party used annually, for a number of years, to visit the island in summer to indulge in the delicious cool- ing berries, which were extremely large and palatable. Jam was also made of the fruit, which was con- sidered a great delicacy by the gentry in the district. Adjoining this, was another island, which for many years floated about from one end of the lake to the other. It was well clothed with small trees and Heath (the latter indigenous). I can well remember how on one occasion, during a series of storms, it moved almost the full length of the lake (about I mile) in less than a week, the movement being regulated by the prevailing wind at the par- ticular time. Unfortunately, some years ago, this island got into shallow water, and has ever since remained permanent, the roots of the trees being now perhaps the most powerful agents in putting a stop to its wandering career. The advisability of again detaching it was seriously considered, but afterwards wisely abandoned. A. D. Webster. Mandevilla suaveolens.— Old favourites dis- appear to make way for new, and this seems to have been the case with Mandevilla suaveolens, a plant that is now rarely seen, but which is one of the finest things in existence, as it has lovely pure white, sweet-scented, trumpet-shaped blossoms, as large as those of some of the Dipladenias, with which, in a cut state, those of the Mandevilla dress and associate well, forming a most pleasing contrast in their two distinct colours. Where plants appear at their best is when they are growing almost naturally, or with- out much restraint, in the roof of a lofty confer- vatory, under which conditions I had the pleasure of seeing one last autumn at llazelwood, near Watford, under the able management of Mr. Stannard, which had innumerable racemes of flowers that quite scented the house. So full and free of growth is this Man. devilla that it covers .an immense space, .and I re* member meeting with one many years ago, in a span- roofed structure, that had found its way out through the openings where the lights were down, the iong shoots of which plant were lying on the glass Slid blooming in the greatest profusion. The secret 0/ success with it seems to be to keep it cool during the summer, and if possible, or convenient, syringed' wilH plenty of clear water, as otherwise the leaves are sun to become infested with red-spider, for which reason we had to abandon its culture in our iron-roofed con- servatory, where we could not keep it clear from that troublesome parasite ; as the temperature in the summer runs very high, and the leaves always become very brown and shabby long before the summer was over. As the Mandevilla suaveolens (lowers on the young growths, which run out yards in length, the way to treat it is to train the main shoots under the girders or rafters, and every year when spring comcJ round shorten the others back, soon after which oil tho back buds will break and reclothe the house. The most suitable soil to grow the plants in is a mixture of equal parts peat and loam, which should be used in a rough state on plenty of drainage, that the water, of which Mandevilla suaveolens, when growing and bloom, ing, cannot well have too much, may pass aW'aJt without souring the border and making it close, J. Shcppard. Pruning Dendrobiums.— The tumbling acrobat? who frequent country fairs afc ever attempting 'to do things different to the rest of mankind. Were it not (or this they would pass through the world unnoticed ; they walk on their hands instead of their heels, yet the method of locomotion is so manifestly wrong that they get few imitators. Of a like character is the mischievous practice of cutting away the fresh living bulbs of Orchids. There is probably not an experi- enced Orchid grower in the country who has not tried it, and proved the mutilation to be as far wrong as it is opposed to common sense. The matter ha^ been discussed and threshed out in a way to satisfy reasonable people, yet the upholders of the bar- barous practice appear determined, directly or in- directly, to proclaim that it is right. The subject would not deserve notice were it not that when such teaching gains currency there are always some incau- tious enough to adopt it, in the way that there was when the practice was first mooted, the result of which was that the plants so treated, from being in a healthy thriving state, were so injured that they never recovered. T, B. ci[baijeous %fixM\' E.XCELLENT HARDY BORDER PLANTS. Lychnis vespertina kl.-pl.— A plant not hali as much known as it should be, so showy and useful is it during the late summer months ; planted in good soil it branches most copiously, forming a good mass of white flowers not unlike those of large double Chinese Primroses, and almost as useful in a cut state as these. The difficulty with which it is propagated has perhaps a great deal to do with its comparative scarcity in our gardens. Dividing is out of the ques- tion, and no seed is produced, while the striking of cuttings is a tedious and often perplexing business, unless one particular method is adopted, when with patience a stock may be had. The best way to man- age this is to place a stock plant in gentle warmth at once, so as to excite growth ; allow the young shoots to become drawn and get soft at the base ; select the smallest of these, taking them off with a heel, insert in sand, stand in the same house, keep moist and covered with a bell-glass, when in due time 90 py cent, will root ; some, however, may be six months. I have known them to be longer than this, but although a trying business the game is well worth the powder, as the plant is such a good one. ■ f I ■/ DORONICUM I'LANTAGINEUM EXCELSUM is of quite a different character, but equally . de. sirable. In my opinion m herbaceous 'bdfrf/f 286 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 28, 1885. should be short of good masses of this, and these can soon be had in rich soil, for it grows most luxuriantly, especially if it is frequently split up, indeed if allowed to stand long in one position it deteriorates, the best plan is to divide it freely, selecting the strongest crowns each time. It flowers from early spring un- til cut down by frost. If thus handled, and if plants are lifted, potted, and placed in a cool greenhouse, its charming large yellow capitula may be enjoyed all through the winter. The Rev. WoUey Dod flowers it this way, and when well known it should be a conspicuous feature in such houses during the dull winter season. I recently saw a clump which was lifted at the end of December and placed in a very cool house, and it is now pushing up its flower-heads (January 27). I noticed in a contem- porary lately Mr. Wolley Dod proposed the name of Harpur Crewe for this plant, which is, I think, a pity, for writing from memory I am under the impres- sion the same gentleman named it excelsum, while it emanates from another source under the name of Draytoniensis ; hence this beautiful plant, so far, has been christened not less than three times. I think the one here adopted, first registered in the Gardeners' Chronicle^ should be considered first and best, how- ever much one may desire to perpetuate the name of the enthusiast in whose garden it originated. Chrysanthemum atratum, a name I cannot say is to be generally accepted. The first plants I ever saw of it were received from Mr. J. Whittaker, of Morley, who informed me he obtained it from the Liverpool Botanic Gardens. It is distinct from any of the other kinds I know, being much dwarfer than Leucanthemum, and one known as maxi- mum ; the leaves are also different, and the flower- heads are much larger, the ray-florets not so thickly set, but longer and narrower in proportion to their length, and certainly purer white. It is selected as the best by the merest tyro, and is likely to become a popular plant. It increases pretty freely by division, which, as far as I know, is the only way to augment the stock, as so far I have not seen seed produced. Geranium armenum. To get this beautiful Crane's Bill in the best condi- tion it should be planted in a deep rich tilth, and then be allowed to remain for some years, the only attention needful afterwards being an annual top- dressing of manure ; it will produce large branching beads 3 feet across, crowded with the large purplish- crimson flowers ; and sometimes it seeds freely, by which means it may be readily increased, sowing the seed in pots in spring, and placing them in a cool- house or cold frame. By taking pieces of the root it may also be increased. Achillea ptarmica fl.-pl. An old and well known plant, nevertheless one of the best ; no border should be without it, but plenty of room must be assigned, as it grows very freely, spread- ing beneath the surface at a great rate, quickly forming dense masses which, when crowded in the summer months with the white flower-heads, can scarcely be surpassed in effect, while it proves most valuable to cut flowers from. Wherever there is a large demand for cut flowers this should be freely planted, and when once a stock is secured there will be no difficulty to keep it, as it can be so freely divided. Spir-«a venusta. Some are inclined to throw cold water upon this plant, the reason I fail to discern, as it is certainly very beautiful when in flower. It grows from 3 to 4 feet high when happy, producing large cymes of deepish rose-coloured flowers, quite unlike any of the other " Meadow Sweets," and it grows very freely if planted in the right position. Herein lies the cause of much dissatisfaction I imagine ; as it revels in a damp situation, partially shaded and well manured : thus treated it blossoms and increases freely, and the roots may be divided ad lib, after flowering, or as soon as the leaves show signs of decay. Anthericum liliastrum, or St. Bruno's Lily as it is popularly known, is also a very handsome and chaste plant when in flower, producing its tufts of grass-like foliage, and spikes of pure white flowers, with a sweet fragrance, supposed to be known by everybody ere this, but not represented in one-halfof the principal gardens in the kingdom, as it should be. As it is such a sweet plant, large tufts of it should adorn all borders ; it thrives best in a rich holding soil, and the more it is divided, say yearly, the finer crowns are produced, and the larger and more flori- ferous will be the flower-spikes. Mr. Wood, of Kirk- stall, recommends that it should be grown similarly to Lily of the Valley crowns, and when sufficient strength is secured pot them in the autumn, and when semi-established they may be gently forced and used for the conservatory or the individual flowers for cutting. R. EDINBURGH BOTANICAL. The Buds ok Pinus .silvestrls.— A paper on this subject was read by Professor Alexander Dickson at a recent meeting of the Edinburgh Botanical Society. He said ; — Many Conifer?e exhibit remarkable specialisadon as regards branch development. In some, as in Larix and Cedrus, there is a marked tendency to a con- tracted development, or shortening of many of the shoots which appear as " spurs," with numerous leaves crowded together to form a fascicle. Here it is only certaiH oi the shoots which are developed in this way, and of these it may happen that a spur of one season may next season become produced at its extremity in the ordinary elongated torm with scattered foliage leaves. A further step in speciaUsation occurs in Pinus, where, in the adult condition, the leaves on the elongated shoots are reduced to chaffy scales, from whose axils buds are produced, which, after developing from 2 — 5 foliage- leaves, abort at the growing point. In this genus we had then the remarkable condition of the foliage leaves in the adult plant being developed exclusively in 2—5- raembered fascicles on shortened and abortive branches, and as these are perfectly comparable to the spurs in the Larch and Cedar, they may Ukewise be described as spurs developing 2 — 5-membered leaf- fascicles. In Pinus sylvestris, and a number of other species, there are only two foliage-leaves in the fascicle, and hence it seems convenient to designate such spurs as bifoliar. These " spurs " in Pinus fall off bodily after a certain period — from two to five years according to the species — and, in this, as pointed out by Dr. James Stark*, we have an approximation to this condition in many Cupressinse, where the individual leaves are not shed, but where there is from year to year a shedding of leafy twigs, a pheno- menon to which the term cladoptosis has been applied. The highest specialisation in branch-development occur- ring in the order is to be noted in the genera Sciadopitys and Phyllocladus, where in the adult state there are no foliage-leaves at all, the leaves being all reduced to the form of scales, and where the "leaf-function " is performed by green cladodes which are slender and needle-like in Sciadopitys and in the form of flat expansions in Phyl- locladus. It is to be noted that in Pinus, with develop- ment of foliage-leaves exclusively on [abortive spurs in the adult condition, the ordinary or unspecialised con- dition is exhibited in the seedling plant, where we have adevelopment of foliage-leaves scattered on an elongated shoot — a condition which persists throughout life in such genera as Abies and Picea ; and, similarly, we have in the seedling Sciadopitys a few genuine foliage- leaves immediately succeeding the cotyledons, although in later life we have the very highly specialised condition above described, where the foliage-leaves entiiely dis- appear. The specimen I now exhibit is one which I found in the neighbourhood of Biggar this winter. It is a small branch .of Pinus silvestris, the extremity of which has been destroyed — probably broken off. In consequence of this accident a large number of the " bifoliar spurs" — about twenty within a space of 3 inches below the in- jury— have been stimulated to further development, resulting in the production of a well-marked scaly bud placed between the basis of the two foliage-leaves of the original fascicle. It is further to be noted that the development of these buds is stronger the nearer their position to the seat of injury. In the more feebly stimu- lated spurs of this kind there is simply a closed scaly bud springing from between the bases of the two leaves of the fascicle ; but in the stronger ones, near the seat of injury, the condition is somewhat different. In these the extremity of the spur produced beyond the bases of the two leaves ot the fascicle does not immediately pro- duce a closed bud, but before doing so developes a vari- able number of short but well marked ioliage-leaves, and, in the very strongest ones, these foliage-leaves have secondary bifoUar spurs developed in their axils. Such a specimen is interesting in two ways : — ist, as a well marked case of the development, in consequence of the removal of the extremity of the branch, o( lateral buds, which would otherwise have remained more or less dormant — a phenomenon sufficiently familiar to the cultivator in his operations of pruning or * ' cutting back. " 2d, as exhibiting, in the stronger buds above-mentioned, a reversion to the early or unspecialised condition in the development of foliage-leaves on the prolonged axis of the stimulated spur. Abnormal development of this kind in Pinus is pro- bably not very uncommon. Many years ago I observed very much the same condition in a branch of Scotch * On the Shedding of Branches and Leaves in Cont/eres. By Dr. James Stark (with notes by Profebsor Alex. Dickson). Transacl. Roy. Soc. Edin-t vol. xxviL, pp. 651-9, plate xliv. Fir, where the end of the shoot had been destroyed ; and Dr. Masters, in his Vegetable Teratology, gives a figure where he represents the "ordinary arrangement of the leaves in fascicles of three " in Pinus Pinea, as contrasted with an "unusual arrangement of leaves of the same plant in spires."* From his figure I should imagine that the abnormality represented was a spur stimulated to further growth, as in my specimen, from which the leaves ot the original fascicle had fallen off; and it is further to be noted that the spirally-arranged foliage- leaves are of the same character — comparatively short — as in my case. ROYAL MICROSCOPICAL. At a recent meeting of this Society Mr. A. D. Michael read a paper on the life-histories of some of the httle known Tyroglyphidte. In 1873 Riley published a report on the ravages of the Apple bark louse (Aspidotus con- chiformis), and described an Acarus which was sup- posed to destroy that pest, and which he thought might be the Acarus malus of Shinier. Riley only describes the female. Mr. Michael has found the Acarus in England under the bark of Reeds, destroying the Reeds, not feeding on any insect, and concludes that it is pro- bably a feeder on various kinds of bark, not on animal life ; he has traced the whole life-history. The male (previously unknown) presents the exceptional features possessed by Tyroglyphus carpis, discovered by Kramer in 1881, and the hypopial nymph has been figured by Canestrini and Fanzago in 1877, under the name of " parasite of an Oribata,"but without explanation. Mr. Michael finds in the life-history of this Hypopus a con- firmation of his views that the hypopial stage is not caused by exceptional adverse circumstances, as Megnin supposes, but is an ordinary provision of Nature to insure the distribution of the species, which it is intended to call T. corticalis. Mr. Michael also called attention to the prevalence of Rhizoglyphus Robini on Dutch bulbs imported into England in 1884, and to the destructive nature of that species and the damages it did to Hyacinth, Dahlia, and Eucharis bulbs, &c., and recommended that imported bulbs should be carefully examined. STATE OP THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LOnDON, For the Week Ending Wednesday, February 25, 1S83. Hygrome- :ncal De- Barometer. Temperature of THE Air. ductions from Wind. ? Tables 6th Q Edition. Q .J z < s b. X hch- ti K ,s 0 2 S Sis, q'" a 'o>-8 5 s Mean Re Reduce 33= Fa Departure Averag 18 yea 1 X 1 s I a fc'a" Ffb In. ' In. „ • . . „ 1 S.SW.: In. •9 39.62 —0.30 43.029.0 13.0 35.1 -3-7 3>.5 aoj N.NW.; N.W. o.oo 30 29 55 —0,27 39.531.0 B.s 3S.3 - 373>.' 84{ N.E.: E.N.E. 0.00 21 30.00 +o.ig 41.036.0 15.0 33.' - 59 37.2 78 E. 0.00 32 29.63 — 0.1J 45.230.0^15.3 38.4 - 0.7|37.3 96 W.SW. 0.07 =3 2g83 +0.0 51.535.0 .6.5 43.9 + 4.7 4=4 90 W.SW o.oi »4 29.59 — 0.2- S7.5 4>.0 .6.5 49.6 +10.3 40.7 72{ S.S E.: S.SW. 0.00 25 29.80 —0.0 53.0^44.0 9.0 46.8 + 7.3 44.3 9.{ S.SW. 0.23 Mear 39.73 —0.1 47.133.7 ■3.4 40.3 + 1.3 36.1 84 S.S W. 0.31 Feb. ig —Dense fog from ii A M. to noon ; very fine day and night. — 20. — Dull throughout. — 31. — Very fine, bright day and night. — 22. — Dull day ; dn/zling rain all afternoon. Fine clear night ; lunar halo. — 23. — Very fine day and night ; lunar halo. — 24. — Very fine day and night. — 25. — Rain falling all morning; fine afternoon, no rain from 2.30 I'.M., very fine clear night. London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the weekending February 21, the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea decreased from 29.72 inches at the beginning of the week to 29.20 inches by 5 r.M. on the i6th, increased to 29.S3 inches by 9 A.M., decreased to 29.78 inches by i p.m., in- creased to 29.79 inches by 5 r.M. on the 19th, decreased to 29.67 inches by 9 a.m. on the 20th, in- creased to 3021 inches by 9 a.m. on the 21st, and was 30.17 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading of the barometer for the week was 29.64 inches, being 0.26 inch lower than last week, and 0.35 inch below the average of the week. Temperature. — The highest temperature in the shade in the week was 56°, on the 16th ; the highest on the 20th was 39°. 5. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 46°. i. • Vegetable Tcratohgy, p. 89, fig. 41. February 28, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 287 The lowest temperature was 26", on the 2Ist ; on the 16th the lowest temperature was 46'. 5. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 35^4. The greatest range of temperature in one day was 15°, on the 2ist ; the smallest was 5°, on the I5lh. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 10°. 7. The mean temperatures were — on the 15th, 47°.7; on the l6ih, 49''.S ; on the I7lh, 4I°.3 ; on the iS.h, 38°.! ; on the ig'.h, 35°.! ; on the 20th, 35°.2 ; on the 2ist, 33°.i ; of these the first three were above their averages by 9°, 1 1°. i, and 2''.6, the rest were °°'7i 3°"i 2°.7i and <,".<) respectively below their average. The mean temperature of the week was 40*, being 5^.8 lower than last week, and i''.4 above the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 102", on the 21st. The mean of the seven read- ings was 67°.6. The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer with its bulb placed on grass was 19°, on the 2 1st. The mean of the seven readings was 27". S. Rain. — Rain fell on three days to the amount of 0.94 inch, of which o 61 inch fell on the l6th. England ; Tcmpcrattirc. — During the week end- ing February 21, the highest temperatures were 56', at Blackhealh, 55° at Truro, 53°. 2 at Cambridge ; the highest at Sunderland was 41°, at Shtflield and Hull 43°. The general mean was 48°, The lowest temperatures were 20°, at Cambridge, 2I°.S at Wolverhampton, 22° at Sheffield ; the lowest at Plymouth, Brighton, and Sunderland, 29°. The general mean was 2^'.^. The greatest ranges were 33°- 2 at Cambridge, 30°. I at Bristol, 30° at Truro and Blackhealh ; the srnallest ranges were 12° at Sunderland, 16°. 2 at Liverpool, 17".S at Preston. The general mean was 23". I. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Truro, 49°.3, at Plymoulh 4S°.5, at Blackhealh 46°.! ; and was lowest at Bolton, 37".4, at Sunderland 39°.7, at Liverpool and Bradford 4o\3. The general mean was 42°. 9. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was highest at Plymouth, 38°, at Truro and Biighlon 37° ; and was lowest at Hull, 2S°.3, at Bolton 2S°.8, at Wolverhampton 29°.!. The general mean was 32°-4. The mean daily range was greatest at Leeds, 14°, at Hull I2°.4, at Truro and Wolverhampton I2°.3 ; and was least at Brighton, 7°.2, at Liverpool S°.3, at Bolton S°.6. The general mean was io°.5. The mean temperature was highest at Plymouth, 42°. 8, at Truro 42°. 7, at Brighton 40°. 2 j and was lowest at Bolton, 32°.8, at Hull 34°.!, at Bradford 34°.6. The general mean was 37°. 2. Rain. — The largest falls were 1.24 inch at Brighton, 1. 21 inch at Sheffield, 1.16 inch at Bristol ; the smallest fall was 0.19 inch at Sunderland, 0.59 inch at Cambridge, 0.70 inch at Liverpool. The general mean fall was o. 88 inch. Scotland ; T^inperatttre. — During the week end- ing February 21, the highest temperature was 47°.2, at Edinburgh ; at Leith the highest was 40°. The general mean was 44*. The lowest temperature in the week was 20*. 3, at Aberdeen ; at Paisley the lowest temperature was 27°. The general mean was 24°. 2. The mean temperature was highest at Paisley, 35°. I ; and was lowest at Dundee, 32°.$. The general mean was 33°. 7. Rain. — The largest fall was 0.76 inch, at Greenock ; the smallest fall was 0.02 inch, at Edin- burgh. The general mean fall was 0.21 inch. No rain fell at Aberdeen. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. Summary of Temperature, Rainfall, and Duration of Bright Sunshine in the United Kingdom, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, for the week ending Monday, February 23, 1S85 ; issued by the Meteorological Office, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. : — Weather was cold and generally fair during the greater part of this period, but towards its close it became milder and rough, with rain in the S. and S.W. and much snow, sleet, or rain in the N. and N.W. A thunderstorm was experienced in the S.W. of Ireland on the 21st and another in the Hebrides on the 22d. Tffitpcrature has been below the mean in all districts, the deficit ranging from i* in the " Channel Islands " to between 3' and 5' in most other districts and 6^ in " Scotland, N." The highest of the maxima were registered on the 22d or 23d, and varied from 49' in *' Scotland, N." to 55^ in " England, S.W." and " Ireland, S." The minima, which were recorded either on the 2olh or 21st, were lower than for many weeks past; in "Scotland, N." the ther- mometer fell to 9° and in "Scotland, E." to 15', while in nearly all other districts it sank to between 18 and 23". In the "Channel Islands," however, the lowest reading was 35". Rainfall has been rather more than the mean in "Scotland, N.," "England, N.W.," over Ireland, and in the " Channel Islands," but a Utile less else- where. Bright sinisliine shows a decided increase, the percentages of the possible duration varying from 17 in " England, N.E.," to 38 over Ireland and to 46 in " Scotland, E." De^ressicns observed. — The distribution of pressure has been sulject to considerable changes. At the commencement of the week the barometer was highest over the south of France, while shallow depressions were shown over Denmark and olT the west of Nor- way, and other small shallow disturbances over south- ern England. On the I9ih and 20th pressure was comparatively high in all the more northern parts of our area, while a depression moved eastward over the Bay of Biscay and France. By the 21st a large anti- cyclone had been formed over England, the North Sea, and the north of France, while a large and deep depression, whose centre subsequently travelled north- eastwards outside our western and north-western coasts, was approaching our western stations. During the first two days of the period the wind was gene- rally moderate, between west and norlh-west, and on the I9:h and 20th moderate to fresh from the east- ward, but on the appearance of the depression in the west it shifted to the south-eastward and southward, and increased to a gale on all our coasts. In Scot- land and the north-west of Ireland the gale was of unusual violence, and was accompanied by heavy snow, sleet, or rain. We greatly regret to hear of the sudden death from heart disease of Mr. WiLSO.v, who for the last twenty-nine years had been gardener to the Duke of Norfolk at Arundel Castle. Mr. Wilson was in the sixty-fifth year of his age, and up to the time of his death was engaged in carrying out the extensive im- provements in the Castle gardens, which we noted only a few months sinci. Mr. Wilson was an excellent example of the good old school of "all round " gardeners, who aimed at general excellence in all departments committed to his charge. The demands upon his talents and ability were exceptional in some particulars, but were fulfilled in the most satisfactory manner. " He that gncstioiteih much shall learn miich," — Bacon. Daubentonias. — Can any reader tell me how to grow and flower the different species of this genus ? Foreign Subscriber. Thuia gigantea (Lobbi).— At Wiston Park, Sus- sex, is a tree of this species, planted in 1856, the girth of the stem at 3 feet from the ground being 5 feet 2^ inches. Is there any larger than this in the country } B.~ Answers to Correspondents. CamellivV : B. The plant was named by Linna^us in honour of Father Camelli, and hence should be spelt Camellia, Camelli was a Jesuit missionary, who made large botanical collections in the Philippine Islends. Coloured Plate of Hollyhock : J. Dawber. No ; there has been no such plate issued by us. Corrigenda. — In our report of " Membland," p. 238, line 20, read spur for span, and p. 239. line iS. read Hathaway's Excelsior and Stamfordlan, instead of Hathaway's Stamfordian Excelsior. Deformed Sequoia : J. W. Yes ; but inadvertently omitted in our Communications Received. Exudation on Camellia Leaves : Amateur. As there are no creepers that would account for the appearance on the leaves, we are constrained to beUeve it to be an exudation from the leaves themselves ; and that such does occur there is no doubt, although in other cases the effects witnessed are due to aphides. The subject is still an obscure one, and no satisfactory explanations have been given for these states of the foliage of Camellias and other plants under glass and outside. The change to black may be occasioned by smut, dust, and exposure to the air. Gkant Allen's Colours of Flowers: P. Except on the topsy-turvy principle, we cannot see how the tlieory can be true. .Asa Gray, moreover, points out that it is not the stamens that are yellow, but the pollen. Hyacinth Bells : P. H. We cannot undertake to name flowers from sucli scraps. Kew : Pilgrim ami Others. The matter is under con- sideration. We strongly sympathise. The difliculty would lie in the carrying out your proposals, which in themselves are excellent. Names of Fruits: Bmon (y Tweedie. .Apple: Blenheim Orange, a small example. Names of Punts : Thomas Hughes. Lagerstrocmia indica ; of course, introduced into Buenos Ayres. — .*f. E. Smith. Ccclogyne breviscarpa, probably ; but please send particulars as to the form of the bulbs, foliage, &C.—N. M. H. A form of La;lia anceps ; Dendrobium heterocarpuni. — R. A. i, Maxillaria punctata ; 2, Masdevallia polysticta ; 3, Odontoglos- sum odoratum ; 4. Blelia hyacinthina, as far as we can tell from withered scraps. Seedling Orchid : C. The first n-jtice we have of raising Orchids from seed dates from 1832, when the seeds of Prescotlia plantaginea were raised in the garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick. Two-wheeled Cart for Shifting Large Plants : ir. Culvtrwell. The address of the maker at Hack- ney is not known to us. Wired (;aedi:n Walls : E. Warner. There is no harm in wiring garden walls provided the wire be of a fine description, and the trees are fastened to it with care. The worst wire is the thick galvanised fencing wire, and it is worst in its effects when it is at such a distance away from the wall, that there is a space [of several inches between the two. When a tree lies close to the wall— as it would if the wire stud-holes were flush wilh the wall— there would be no motion whatever from wind, and consequently no friction to cause canker and gumming. The wire should be placed vertically, and fastened at top and bottom ; this gives great rigidity, and, being close to the wall, shoots cannot get behind it. CATALOGUES RECEIVED, Viccars Collyer & Co., Leicester— List of Floral Gems. P. J. Kane, Kells, Co. Meath— Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Bulbs, &c. Tiios. Kennedy & Co., Dumfries— Agricultural Seeds. Westacott & Co., Hayward's Heath— Wire Work for Gardens. Carter & Co., 237 and 238, High Holborn, London- Farmer's Handbook. H. Elliott, Springfield Nursery, St. Heller's, Jersey- Chrysanthemums. Fkatelli Rovelli. Pallanza, Lake Maggiore, Italy — Plants, Greenhouse, Hothouse, and Camellias. W. Stacey, Great Dunmow, Essex— New Verbenas. J. Forbes, Hawick, N.B.— Florists' Flowers. Ed. Gilletts, Southwick, Mass., U.S.A.— Perennials, Orchids, Alpines, Aquatics, Climbers, Bog Plants, and Rare Ferns. Messrs. Webb & Sons, Wordsley, Stourbridge— Farm Seeds. W. Paul & Son, Crossflat Nursery, Paisley- Showand Fancy Pansies, Pinks, and Florists' Flowers. V. H. Halloch, Son & Thorfe, Queen's, N.'Y. General Catalogue, with Cultural Remarks. CoM.MUNicATioNS RECEIVED. — C. Koopman. — A.T.— C. B P —J. R.— M. D.-Z.-G. R. L.— R. S.-H. V.— W. B.-E. S. D.— C. B.— G. N. (with lhaiiks).-W. jH. F.— J. J. W. — W. M — C. F. Your.e.— Dring & Son.— J. Hammond.— R. Smiili.— H. W.— J. F.— ■W. B.— H. E.— W. J. M. CO VENT GARDEN, Ecbruary 26. No alteration. Business stagnant. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Plants in Pots.— Averagk Wholbsalb Prices. *. d. J. d. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-34 o Arbor-vitae (golden), per dozea .. ..6 0-18 o — (common), dozen 6 0-12 o Arum Lilies, dozen 9 0-15 o Azaleas, per dozen. .18 o~i]2 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 o-i3 o Cinerarias, per doz. . 9 0-12 o Cyclamens, per doz. 9 0-24 o Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o Dracaena terminalis. per dozen . . . . 30 0-60 o — viridis. per doz,. 12 0-24 o Epiphyllum, doz, ..i3 0-24 o Erica, various, doz. 9 o- 18 o Euonymus, various, per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o Evergreens, in var., per dozen .. ..6 0-24 o Ferns, in variety, per dozen .. ..4 0-18 o s. d. I. a. Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ..2 o-iD o Genista, iz pots ..12 0-18 o Heaths, in variety, 12 po:s .. ,.9 0-18 o Hyacmihs, per doz. 6 o- g o Liiy-of-the- Valley, 12 pots ,, ..15 c-24 o Marguerite Daisy, per dozen . . . . 8 0-15 o Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Narcissus, 12 pots ..12 o-i5 o Palms in variety, each .. ..2 6-21 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen .. 4 &- 6 o Primula sinensis, per dozen .. .. 4 &- 6 o Solanums, dozen .. 9 o-ia o Spiraea, per dozen. ,iz 0-18 o 1 ulips, dozen pots .. B o-;o o 288 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [FErRUARY 2S, 18S5. Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. . d. s. d. AbutUon. 12 bunches 3 Arum Lilies, la blms. 3 Azalea, 12 sprays .. o Bouvardias, per bun. i Camellias, perdoz .. i Carnations, 11 blms. 1 Cinerarias, per bun. o Cyclamen, 12 blooms o Epiphyllum, 12 blms. o Eucharis. per do7. .. 4 Euphorbia jacquini- flora, 12 sprays .. 3 Gardenias, 13 blms.. 6 HeliotrODes, 12 sp. .. o Hyacicths, Roman, 12 sprays .. ..1 I.apagerla, white, 13 blooms . . . . z — red, 12 blooms . . ..I Lily-of-VaI„i2sprays 1 9-10 o- J 6 0-40 0-30 9-10 3-09 4-06 0-60 0-60 0-12 o 6-10 0-20 0-20 Marguerites, 12 bun. 6 Mignonette, 13 bun. 6 Narcis5U5, Paper- while, 12 sprays.. 2 — French, 12 bun. 2 Pelargoniums, per 12 sprays .. .. i — scarlet, 12 sprays c Primula, double, bun. o — sinensis, 12 bun. 4 Roses (indoor), doz, 2 — French, per doz. i Tropieolum. 12 bun. 3 Tulips, 12 blooms .. o Violets, 12 bun. .. o — French, bunch., i — Parme, French, per bunch ■ . ..3 WalJlower, 12 bun.. 4 White Jasmine, bun. o d. 5. d. 0~ Q O 0-90 Q- 3 6 0-60 0-16 9- 1 o 9-10 0-60 0-60 0-30 040 g- 1 o g- 1 Q 3- 1 6 c- 5 o 0-60 6-10 Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s d. Lemons, per case ..12 0-18 o Pine-apples. Eng. ,1b. 10-20 — St. Michael, each 2 6- S o Pears, French, doz. 30-90 s.d. s,d. Apples, 54-sieve .. 16-40 — Nova Scotia and Canadian, barrel 12 0-21 o Cobs, per 100 lb. .. 50 0-55 o Grapes, per lb, . . 30-60 Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. s. d. s. d. s. d. i. d. Artichokes, Globe, Lettuces, Cab., doz. 16-.. per doz. .. ..40-60 Mint, green, bunch.. 16-.. Asparagus, English, : Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-16 per bundle .. 3 6-ro o , Onions, per bushel.. 40- ., — French, bundle 15 0-20 o — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Beans, Eng., per 100 30-.. Parsley, per bunch. . o 4- .. Beet, per doz. ., 10-.. Peas, per lb. .. 10- .. Cabbages, per doz. .. 16-20 Potatos, new, per lb. 09-10 Carrots, per bun. ..06-.. Radishes, per doz. .. 10-.. Cauliflowers, Eng- Rhubarb, bundle ..06-.. llsh, dozen.. .. 20-40 Salsify, per bund. .. i o- .. Celeriac, per root .. 04- .. Seakale, per punnet 20-36 Celery, per bundle.. 16-26 Small salading, per Cucumbers, each ..10-26 punnet .. .. o 4- .. Endive,' per dozen ,, 20-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-.. Garlic, per lb, ,,06-.. Tomatos, per lb. ..20-26 Herbs, per bunch ,. 02-04 Turnips, bun. .. 05- .- Horse Radish, bun. 30-40' Potatos. — Magnum Bonums, 40^.10705 ; Regents. 70J. to 90J. ; Champions. 45J. to bos. per ton. Markets have a down- ward tendency. SEEDS. London : Feb. 25. — There was very little business done on the seed market to-day, tlie attendance being small. Buyers generally seem this season determined to defer their operations until the latest moment. Red Clover seed can now be bought at rather less money, the tendency of values being adverse to holders. Im- ported Italian Rye-grass remains firm. Winter Vetches are scarce. Spring Tares sell at last week's rates. Feed- ing Linseed keeps steady. Canary, Hemp seed, and Millet are without quotable variation. John Shaiv 6^ Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E.C. CORN. At Mark Lane on Monday English white Wheats were quoted 6d. under the value on that day week. No change was quoted in red. Foreign Wheat met only a retail inquiry, and to effect sales in quantity lower rates must have been taken. Flour was a very slack sale, with prices in buyers' favour. Barley met a very dull sale ; grinding qualities were 3*/. to 6d., and malting are 3*/. to 6d. lower. Beans and Peas were quiet and unchanged. Maize was in steady demand, and rather firmer. Oats were 2^. to 6d. higher on the week, and in steady demand. — On Wednesday both Wheat and flour were dull of sale, and quotations nominally un- changed. Barley, Beans, and Peas met only a limited inquiry. Maize was firm, and Oats, with small importa- tions, were the turn dearer. — Average prices of corn for the week ending February 21 : — Wheat, 32J-. ^d. ; Barley, 3IJ. lod.; Oats, 20J. 8i/. For the corresponding period last year: — Wheat, 365. iid.; Barley, 31J. lo.^. ; Oats, HAY. Tuesday's Whitechapel Market ■ report states that there was a good inquiry, with a brisk trade. Quota- tions : — Clover, prime, 85J. to lo-zs. 6d. ; prime second cut, 85J. to 1025. 6d. ; inferior, 46s. to yy. ; hay, prime, 76J. to gos. ; inferior, 30J. to 6y. ; and straw, 22J^. to 34.t. per load. — On Thursday there was a fair supply, and trade moderately active. — Cumberland Market quotations : — Clover, best, 901. to 1051.; inlenor, 605, to 84J. ; meadow hay, best, 8oj. to 8Sj. ; inferior, 6oj. to ■j^s. ; and slruw, 29J. to 341. per load. POTATOS. The Borough Market report states that there were fair supplies, and trade steady at the following quota- tions : — Scotch Regents, goj. to loor. ; Kent ditto, 705. to 85J. ; Champions, 5or. to 6oj. ; Magnum Bonums, 60s. to 80J. ; and Victorias, 70J. to 90J. per ton. — Tlie imports into London last week consisted of 48 bags from Hamburg, 1 Rotterdam, 2221 Harlingen, 178 Boulogne, and 112 bags 63 cases from Malta. COALS. The prices current at market during the week were as follows: — Bebside West Hartley, 14J. gd. ; Ravensworth West Hartley, 14J. gd. ; Walls End— Tyne (unscreened), rxs. ^d. ; Hetton, 16s. ; Hetton Lyons, 14J. ; Lambton, 15/. 61/. ; Wear, 14s. ; East Hartlepool, 15J. ^d. ; South Hartlepool, 14X. ^d. ; Tees, 16s. 6d, and 16s. PURCHASERS OF GAUDEN SEEDS RE RCMlrJDED THAT THE ONLY GOLD MEDAL AT THE HEALTHERIES WAS AWARDED TO CARTERS' PURE HOME GROWN SEEDS 237-8, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. Illustrated Catalogues Gratis and Post Free. TO THE TRADE. — Dwarf Maiden FRUIT TREES, PEACHES. NECTARINES, and APRICOTS, 30J, and 4CS per ico ; GRAPE VINES, 21s and 421. per dczen ; BRUSSELS STOCKS, trimmed for quarter- ing. 455. per icoo. Terms monthly. WILL TAYLER, Osborne Nursery, Hampton. Middleseir. TO BE SOLD, for want of space, Two splendid Plants of ARUM LILIES, with many bloom- buds. Price 2 Guineas each, which will include packing. J. BELT, Gardener, TiclthUl, Rotherham. T3 HUBARB (clearance, land sold).— Lin n;cus, -tv Prince Albert, Defiance, 2J. 6(/. per dozen, iSi. per ico. FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Seed Growers, Norwich. ASPARAGUS (clearance, land sold).— i-yr., ss. : 2.yr., 35. : 3-yr , 4s. ; Forcing, js. per icx). Tliou- sands at lower rates. FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Norwich. ASPARAGUS.— A large quantity to offer, of very fine transplanted stuff, 2-yr. and 3-yr., 7s fd and 3J. per loo, 3or. and 255. per 1000. AUo 2-yr. from drill.s, los. per loco. AH packages free on rail. S. BIDE, Alma Nursery, Famham, Surrey. GRAPE VINES, Strong Fruiting and Plant- ing Canes ; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey. Grape Vines. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand stock of Grape Vines, suitable for Fruiting in Pots and Planting in Vineries. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade supplied. The Vineyard and Nurseries. Garston, Liverpool. EATHS a SPECIALTY. — The finest . Collection of HEATHS, AZ.ALEAS. atd HARD- WOODED STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS gener- ally in the country. An inspection solicited. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, KinEston-on-Thames. EXPIRATION OF LEASE WANTED AN OFFER For Thousands or any Smaller Number : — ocoo spir.*:a palmata. o.tco Green HOLLIES. ;o ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA and others, o.coo RE TINOSPORA AUREA and others, o ceo Dwarf ROSES, finest kinds, ooco GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS, o.'oco MAHONIA (lie.beris) AQUIFOLIA. o.coo ERICA CARNEA, and sorts. ACERNEGUNDOVARIEGATA.afewhundreds. Maden PEACHES, NECTARINES, and APRI- COTS, a few hundreds. Thousands of other th'ngs on offer. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. LOBELIA " EMPEROR WILLIAM."— i23,o;o bushy plants, from cuttings, 2S. 6a. pti loa, sor. per looo, carraige paid for P.O.O , &c., payable lo The PLANT and BULB CO., Gravesend. TO FLORIsfs^TO FLORISTS.— LTLACS (Syringa) CHARLES X., ALBA VIRGIN- ALI5, SANGEANA, cultivated in pots for forcing, £6, jiiio, and ^12 per ico, PKUNUS SINENSIS FLORE PLENO. nice plant?, culti- vated in Di*>l?, fit and ready for forcinp, from £s P^r ico* DEUTZIA GRACILIS. SPIR,t\ JAFONICA, in open eroumis. nice plants, tit for forcing. Irom ^3. ^lo. £13 per looo- ROSE SOUVENIR MALMAISON. LA FRANCE, and others, best soi t=, Hybrid Perpetual and Tea, fit for pet culture, for sale by 10,000 at low prices. CATALOGUES, printed in English, will be sent on applica- tion to. L. PAILLET, Xurseryman, Chatenay (Seine), near Paris, France. Fstahlished iSzj. Wholesale List of Vegetable Seeds. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to • for\vard their WHOLESALE LIST of Home Grown VEGETABLE SEEDS to those who have not yet received it. It comprises alt the best varieties in cultivation, and the quality ol the seeds is exceptionally good. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech- JOHN GRIGOR & CO, NURSERIES, FORRES, N.B., Make the following extraordinary cheap offer : — NATIVE LARCH.— I i to 2, 2 to 3, and 3 to 4* feet : either size at lOJ. 6d. per 1000. A^oU. — These are all first-class stock in every respect. NATIVE SCOTCH FIE,.— 2-yr. seedlings and 2-yr. transplanted, very fine, at lOJ. 6d. per NORWAY SPRITOE.— 2-yr. seedlings and 2-yr. transplanted, fine, at 6s, per loco. Savip'es can be sent free by Post or otherwise if desired. Also an immense General Stock. PRICES BY CORRESPONDENCE. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, 4tf. per bushel ; loo for 251. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 405. ; 4-busheI bags, id. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6d. per sack; 5 sacks, 255. : sacks, ^d. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, s sacks 221. ; sacks, ^d. each. CO.^RSE SILVER SAND, ii, 9^. per bushel ; 151. per half ton, 26s per ton. in 2-busheI bags, nd. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, ij. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, Sj. 6d. per sack. MANURES. GARDEN STICK=, VIRGIN CORK, TO- BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Free Price LlSr.-H. G. SMYTH, 2t. Goldsmith's Stieet, Drury Lane (lately called 17.^, Coal Yard). W.C. THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT MANURE. — We are daily Retting letters a>.king us how to apply this manure, from persons who have purchased it from nurserymen who have had none from us. We be.i to intimate that we have no responsibility for the quality of the article they have purchased, which may have little in common with ours, though advertised ai the same. WM. THOMSON and SONS. Clovenfords. _ TOBACCOCLOTH and PAPER, finest and most efTeclive, 14 lb. for gs. ; 28 lb., i8f. ; cwt. 70J. Special quotations tor the Trade. J. DENYN, Manufacturer, 73, Rendlcsham Road, Clapton. E. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. (ESTABLISHED 1804.) nrvprCT TRCCQ of Perfect Quality and Moderate ROSES (20 acres) '^"^"^^f'^r?^.'"'"' STANDARDS. 155. per dozen. 105J. per ico. Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. FRUITS (74 £lCr6S) andk^ndoftreeatlowprices. SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) S^e^n^^I T RE ES. FLOWERING PLANTS (8s. per dozen, 501. per 103), FOREST TREES. ROSES IN POTS (80,000) V°a'?^'I?; FORCING, &c., ISJ. 10361. per dczen. ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants, 45, per dozen, 25r. per rco (R. S. & Co.'s Selection). STRAWBERRIES forcing, ■6s.t0 2jr.''p"r'"o.' l/IMCC THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES, V I IN Co 3'- 6d. to loj. id. each. PI CIVJIATIO WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGLE Lstant destruction to them all, while it neither siains nor injuie> the tenderesl leaf. We shall in future use no Fir-tree Oil, or other Insecticide but yours. — We are, yours tfuly, "WILLIAM THOMSON and SONS." WHOLESALE AGENTS:— CORRY. SO PER, FOWLER & 18, Flnsbury Street, London, E.C. CO. BEESON'S MANURE Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes. Sold In Tins at Is . 23. 6d., and lOa 6d eacli ; also in Sealed Alr-tlght Bags, containing 1 cwt, 13b. The los. 6d. Tins iove as a strong iiibstantial receptacle to rejill from the i civt. bugs. Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists in the Kingdom ; or, in districts where no ARcnts reside— Carriage Paid for Cash with Order— direct from the manufacturer, W,H Beeson,Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. Testimonials from the Rev. Canon Hole, and most of the leading Gardeners, free on application. Pure Crushed Unboiled BONKS, any siz-, for Vine Borders, &C. WliriLHSALE AfiENTS IN LONDON, CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO [Limited)^ INSECtigDE (Soluble inWater) Effentually clears all Insects and Parasites from the Roots or FoliaR-e of Trees and Phint^. Kills ull Vegetable Grubs, Turnip Fly, &c. Cures Mildew and IUi;,'ht Cleara Orapta from Mealy Bug-, Sec. and makes a good Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, I/G, 2/6, ■1/0 a bottle. Per gal- lon 12/6, or less in larger quantities. A Trratiar on '■'■Fir Tve on," ami its application, .•!f.nl free on receipt nf addrrs^, hi; thr Manufactnrrr, E. GRIFFITHS HtTOHES, MANCHESTER. Wholesale from Hooper & Co. ; CuniiY, HnpRR, Fowi lai .ml Co. -.ffC. E. OsMAN & Co., and from all the Londnu Beed Merchants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houaes. ^ FtR TREE OIL Notlce^ pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.— V> Reduced price The same as supplied to the Royal Hor- ticultural Society of England. Truck-load, loose, of 2 tons, tcs. Large quantities contracted for. In sacks : — Ten, 8^. ; twenty. \ss. ; forty, 25.^, bags included. Free on Rail. Cash with alt orders.— J. STEVENS and CO., Cocoa-nut Fibre Merchants, " Greyhound Yard," and 153, High Street, Battersea, S.W. 12- oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps. FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.— DROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids, Stove Plants, &c,/66j. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUSPEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 155. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, 5^. ; 5 Bags, 21s. 6d, ; 10 Bags, 45^. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, ios 6d. per Bag. SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 52^. per Truck of 4 tons. WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to i5 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, is., 3J., and zos. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes. 6d. and is., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. SILVER SAND, excellent, coarse, ys. and 8f. per ton. PEAT, excellent, 6s., 8s. zai los. per cubic yard. LOAM, excellent, iqs. and 12s. per cubicyard. Free on rail by truckloads. In sacks at moderate prices. W. SHORT, Horticultural Company. Midhurst, Sussex. Important to Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Gardeners. rj.EORGE'S GENUINE ROLL TOBACCO VJ PAPER, also TOBACCO CLOTH, acknowledged to be the best in the market, and supplied to most of the leading Nurserymen and Seedsmen in England. Trade Price very low. Samples sent on application. J. GEORGE. 10, Victoria Road, Putney, S.W. JOHN CORBETT, Kot-water Engineer, CORPORATION ROAD, CARLISLE, Inventor and Sole Manufacturer of the EIGMADEN WROUGHT-IEON WATERWAY FIRE- BAR BOILERS. The best and most economical Boilers ever introduced. An additional heating power of fully one-third is obtained by the use of these Wrought-iron Waterway Bars. Churches, Schools, and all Horticultural Buildings Heated on the most afprovcd prit.ciples by Hot Water. PLANS AND ESTIMATES FREE. J. Under the Patronage of the Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are mide of a White Metal, with raised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. The Gardener's Magazine says: — "We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free, J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford -on- A von. /^ARDEN NETTING VJ (each piece 30 yards long). Nc. 2 at ^y^d. per run >artl of 54 inches; 7?-inch, 6^4(/. ; ico-inch, 8J^(/. No. 3 at sK'^- psr run yard of 54 inches; 72-inch, i\zd.\ ico-incb, lol^d. HOTHOUSE SHADINGS (each piece 30 yards 1 ng). Fine NETTING 5l4d. per run yard of 54 inches; 72-inch, yj^t/. loo-inch. io%d. Na. 6a NETTING gJi'c/. per run yard of 54 inches ; 72-inch, 15. o%d. ; loinch, is. 6d. No. 6 NETTING i&a'. per run yard of 54 inches; 72-inch, IS. id.; I oinch, is. qd. No. I TIFFANY. 3^. td. per piece, 20 yards X 38 inches wide. Nc. 2 TIFFANY, 4.T, per tiece, 20 yards X 38 inches wide. P.'^'. — Nettings and Shadings made up in blinds if required. RALPH WALLER and CO. (Limited), .{5, Dale Street, Manchester. "j BLACKBURN and SONS, t-' « Russia Mat Merchants and Importers. ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MATS of every de- scription at wholesale prices for Packing, Covering, and Tying, ftom I2J, per io3. Manufaclureis of SACKS and BAGS, ROPES, LINES, and TWINES, SEED BAGS all sizes St'KlM and TIF FA NY, for shading and covering, in all widths : TANNED NETTING, TARRED TWINE and TARRED YARN, RAFFIA FIBRE for tying. TOBACCO PAPER and TOBACCO CLOTH. COCOA.NUr FIBRE REFUSE, and GAKUEN SUNDRIES. Price List free on application. Special Quotations to large buyers. 4 and 5, Woriiiw-ood Street, London. E.C. RuEsla Mat Merchants. ARCHANGEL MATS, PETERSBURG MATS, of all qual'"'!' ■•"'d sizes, RAFFIA KI RK E, TOBACCO CL(JTH and PAPER, &c. For Wholesale Prices apply to the largest Importers and Manufactuters — MAREN- DAZ AND FISHER, 9, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C. RUSSIA MATS^ TAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every P' desciiption of RUSSIA MATS for Covering, Tying, and Packing, at the very lowest possible prices, TOLIACCO PAPER. RAFFIA, BROWN PEAT, SILVER SAND, COCOA FIBRE KEKUSE(15est only), and other HORTI- CULTURAL REQUISITES. Full Descriptive Priced CATALOGUE post-free on application. r49, Commercial Street, Shoredilch, London, E. TOHN SHAW AND CO., 31, O.xford Street, '' Manchester, Manufacturers of TIFFANY and NET- TING of every Description. Circular and Prices oc application. Made of prepared Hair and Wool, ^ / /l perfect non-conductor of heat or / ^y cold, keeping a fixed tempera- /tO ture where it is applied. //^^ " I have just laid out about 14,003 /y^v/ / ^^ plants, and keep the greater part / '^fc? -^V/ To be had under your ' Frigi Domo,' and have done so for the last three years, and every one who sees my plants is astonished to see how healthy and well they are without the use of glass. — From a — / ^\ GARDENER, ^ ^ October 32, y _^- ^ ^ 'C)/ Proprietor and Maker, ^^ /x/ BENJAMIN EDGINGTON * ' ^V/ 2, DUKE STREET, jV/ LONDON BRIDGE, S.E. ^ / Ask for " Frlgl Domo," and see that it is stamped " Frlgl Domo," Registered Trade Mark. 2 yards, 3 yards and 4 yards wide, of all Nursery- men and Florists, or from the Sole SPECIAL G LASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c. All sizes in Steele. Price and List of Sizes on application. T. & W. F A R M I L O B, Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, «tc. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SON, 9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by x2irL, aoin. by 14 in., 20 in. by i6in,, aoin. by 18 in., in i6-oz. and 21-0Z. : and also large sizes in ail qualities for cutting-up DurDOsns, in 2rMi-ft. and ^00-ft. ca-ses SCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE GARDENING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES, CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E. Principal— Mr. H. E. Milner, A.M. Inst. C.E. Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower. Public Lectuies, WEDNESDAYS at 4 I'.M Prospectus and full p.irticulais on .ipplication to the SUPERINTENDENT of the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace. Mr, Milner has moved his Offices to the above address, where his professional work is now carried on. 105,000 Accidents, For which Two Millions have been paid as Compensation by the RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE Company, 64, Cornhiil. Accidents of a)l kinds. Paid- up and Invested Funds, ;£2''o,o:o; Premium Income, ^^235.000. Chairmam, Harvie M. Farquhar, E February 28, 1885.] 777^ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 291 CowAN's Patent Orchid Pottery. We are now Booking Orders for this Pottery, which consists of POTS, PANS, BASKETS and CYLINDERS, in various designs, specially adapted for Orchids of all kinds. Ittmtrattd CIRCULARS, tvilh fricts aiid alt particulars, /rte on application. ORCHID S. We have just received a fine importation of EAST INDIAN ORCHIDS, in fine con- dition, consisting principally of splendid masses of Dendrobium Dalhousianum, suavissimum, Parishii, albo sanguineum ; and Saccolabium giganteum, Acrides rosea, crassifolia, &c. List with prices and full particulars on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOI,. OowAN's Vine & Plant Manure. Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN). Limited, And sold by them and all Nurserymen and Seedsmen. IMPORTANT NOTICE. Having made and sold this Manure under the Name of THOMSONS VINE AND PLANT MANURE, for the past three years, we nre now making and selling it under the name of COWAN'S VINE and PLANT MANURE, and we guarantee that the high character which this Manure attained under the former name shall be maintained under the present one. Every ingredient in it is of the best quality, as experience will continue to prove. See that all Bags and Tins bear our Registered Trade RIark. Bags containing : — Tins containing : — 1 cwt. Yz cwt. % cwt. i cwt. I 7 lb. 2j4 lb. 18s. 9s. 6d. 6s. 3s. I 2s. 6d. Is. Quantities of i ton and upwards sent carriage free. Circulars, -with full fariiculars, on application. Prices to the Trade on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), LiMiTKD, THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GABSTON, near LIVERPOOL. Vegetable Seeds, \ of t^e Best Quality, ' ^ and at Moderate Prices. Flower Seeds, S And other Choice FLOWER SEEDS, A Specialty. CINERARIA, CALCEOLARIA, PRIMULA, CATALOGUES free on application. All Seeds Carriage Free. A Discount of 5 per Cent, for Cash. SEED WAREHOUSE ;~ 39, BOLD STREET, LIVERPOOL. GRAPE VINES.— The Company have still a fine Stock of Fruiting and Planting Canes. TEA ROSES.— A fine .Stock still on hand, suitable \ for immediate Forcing. FERNS. — An ininicnse Stock of Adianttim, Pteris, and other useful FeruE. — Prices and particulars on application. ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS.— The Company have a fine Stock of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs suitable for Pleasure Grounds, Public Parks, &c. CATALOGUES jrce. The Trade supplied. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COW.\N), Limited, THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. .5 8 8 8 ;%■ TO BE HAD FROM ALL IRONMONGERS 5^ Nu RS ERYM E N . SPBeiaL Issue OF i^e;w-'D:Esi#s m Gi\i^En (BHaii^i i^ulaers :-,■: AT'-l^E'DUe ED, PRICES: -FR:0(V5%:P0R;M '§lNGkE.eYLlNDEIs;WoLtjEf\S, I6>(|5;.20>c 20 and ;24-xM'- DOUBLE D;? Same'/ W LON DON,E.C, ... .'^P W'Y"- I5,UPPER THAMES ST- ffl LIVERPOOL - I s^^3> ... 30,RED CROSS ST GLASGOW ■••^^,.,.e4J^^^^°^25, BUCHANAN SI-^^ Gai^[^0|Nl W0I^KS,FALKIRK,N.B. ©avid ©OWAN.^I^rNAGER^ ^ B o ^ lO STEVEN BROS.&CO. MANUFACTURERS OF HOT-VV^ATER APPARATUS Ko. 43.— Dome- BoUer. top No. 18.-Gold Medal BoUer. PRICES ON APPLICATION. The laxgest stock of Hot-water Fittings In London. 35 & 36, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. 292 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Feuruary 28, 1883. FERN BASKETS, Conservatory and Garden Wirework, SUSPENDING BASKETS, FLOWER STANDS, WIRE TBELLIS, VINE TRELLIS, PEACH TRELLIS, WALL WIRING. COVERED WAYS, GARDEN ARCHES, WIRE SUMMER HOUSES, ROSERIE HALLIDAY and CO. desire to J-i'*^ draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered to any station in England :— £ s. d. a-Iight frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ) p v.- f 3 10 o 3-light frame, 12 feet by6feet V.-T^'^*''"^ -^ S 5 o Might frame, .4 feet by 6 feet (*-^s«^^^«l 10 o o The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for brick pits at proportionately low prices. R. HALLIDAY AND CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HEATING ENGINEERS. Conservatories, Orchid Houses, &c. Designed in appropriate style to suit any posi- tion or requirements, with curved or straight glass as required. Vineries, Qreenhouses, &c. With all the latest improvements, best materials, ventilation without draughts, and perfect glazing. Estimates and Lists post-free. Gentlemen waited upon in any part of the kingdom. References to every county in England. Surveys made. Plans and Estimates prepared for any description of Horticultural Building. Hothouses of any design estimated for, and built of the best material and workman- ship, with strict regard to economy in price. New Catalogues post-free 12 stamps. SAVE YOUR FRUIT CROP BY USING RICHARDSON'S WALL-TREE PROTECTOR, The Cheapest Made and Thoroughly Strong. 2 ft. wide, IS. lOit per ft. run ; 3 ft. wide, 2s. 6J. per fl. Carriage paid for Orders over£^. PRICE LIST FREE. W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders & Hot-Water Engineers, DARLINGTON. Motto. — "Excellence, Art, Durability, Economy." CROMPTON AND FAWKES, (Formerly T. H. P. DENNIS & CO.,) ANCHOR WORKS, CHELMSFORD, Conservatory and Hothouse Builders in Wood or Iron, and Heating Engineers. CATALOGUES, Revised Priced LISTS, DESIGNS, and full Particulars of ORNAMENTAL CONSERVATORIES, GROWING-HOUSES, BOILERS, HEATING APPARA- TUS, &c., Post-free, on application. W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS 121. BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge, and send competent assistants when necessary. LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at 121. Bunhill Row, and 3;, Poultry, Chcapside. E.C. Illustrated Lists of Wooden Huildinps, Greenhouses and Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages, sent port-free on application. ELEVEN SILVER AWARDED MEDALS JOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, Whston-suI'BKMARH. Manufacturer of TERRA- COTTA VASES, FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from 1 to 30 inches diameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn ereen; ORCHID, FERN, SEED, and STRIKING PANS RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS. Stc. Price LIST post-free. Book of Designs, ts, dii. Pebruary 28, 18S5 ] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 293 PURE WOOD CHARCOAL FOR VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRIES, ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES, AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds, Yorkshire. Oil Paint no Longer Neoessarv- HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH, for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. {Re^i'Urfii Tradd Murk.) This Varnish is an excellent sub,^litute for oil paint on all outdoor woik, white it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and iis genuine gocd quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled imitators, i^ tutly attested by its constantly increasing sale. It may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing or thinoinp, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many hundreds of ihe Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most flattering testimonials have been received. Sold m Casks of about 30 gallons each, at ^s. dd. per gallon, at the Manufactory, or is. Zd. per galloa carriage paid to any Station in the Kingdom. Unsolicited Testimonial. *' Pierce field Park, June 21, 1876. — Sirs. — I have ihis day forwarded from Chep>tow tj your address a black varnish cask, to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address Varnish to Pietcefield Paik, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re- spectfully, Wm Cox." CA L'T/O A. — HiLi. & Smith would particu'arly warn their Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much advertised. H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ; and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article, Kvery catk is legibly marked wiih their name and Registered Tiade Maik as above, without which none is genuine. Large i.lustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field and Entrance Gates. &c . sent free on application to HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hiil Ironwork?, Staffordshire; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E C; andige, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. BLAKE'S PATENT "SIMPLEX" FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX, Also Registered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes. For Sizes and Price apply to the Sole Manufacturers — BLAKE & MACKENZIE, SCHOOL LAME, LIVERPOOL. BLAKE AND MACKENZIE'S WATERPROOF and other LABELS, for Nursery and Greenhouse purposes; also the WILLESDEN WEATHER. PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for ShadiuE. Pictorial Flower and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's Requisites. Address : School Lane, Liverpool. Rosber's Garden Edging Tiles. THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and, once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper, GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior fiuish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground S reet, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea. S.W. ; Kingsland Road, E. Aeents for LOOKER'S PATENT" ACME" FRAMES, PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also for FOXLEVS PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c , from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, Sec. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement &c. F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SI L V E R S^ A N D, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton or Truckioad. on Wharf in London, or delivereti direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. R. S. DUNBAR & CO. (Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY), No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. 4-inch. IS. gd. per yard. 2s. ^d. each. 3^. 6d. each. 3J. 6d. each. Boilers in great variety in stock. A Discount for Cash to the Trade. HOT-WATER PIPES 2-inch. . \s. od. . 3-inch. .. IS. ifd. „ „ ELBOWS .. . is. 2d. . . IS. gd. .. „ SYPHONS •■ IS. gd. . . 2s. 6d. .. „ TEES . \s. gd. . . 2s. 6d. R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS. MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries. Stoves, Greer.housea, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on om- improved plan, are the pprfeclinn of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work, and that THR VRRV rest. Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the smallest to the lar^e^t. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, ftc, always in stock. ' Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. BUY ONLY ENGLISH THREE-QUARTER PLATE WATCHES. BENSON'S NEW PATENT (No. 465S) "LUDGATE" WATCH, SILVER, .^d^lifiWv GOLD, £5 5s. ,^r3^£12 12s. Is a "Special Strength" Silver English Lever, my bcit London make, with ThrCC-quarter Plate Movement. JenvelUd throughout. Chtotiometer Imlance. with damp and duit proof Patent ring-lij.nd, and extended barrel, in Alasiife iterling silver dome cases i^ith crystal glass ffonf. Winds, set hands ai.d opens at hack. The supenoity in value, accuracy, and durability of the " Ludgate " Watch over the Swiss and American Keyless and Non-Keyless Watches, made in imitation of and SOld a» tnglibh work, and the ordinary Full-plate English Watch is enormous. The " Ludgate " Watch is compact, strong, hand- some, and durable. Being Three- Quarter Plate.it is superior in value and appearance to any ^^lo Watch sold, and, being compensated, it keeps perfect time ; fitted with crysul front, it combines the strength of the Hunter, and convenience of the open face. Of my best London make, it will last a lifetime, stand rough usage of all and every kind without damage, and, b'lng made in three sizes, it is for the above reasons suited for Home, Indian, and Colonial use by Gardeners, Workmen, and Gentlemen. TJt£ '^' Ludgate" Watch ts Jar suf'crior To any Watch at thf price yet tnade, and Will be ientjree and saje at our ris.k To all parts of the -world for £5 ^s.. Cash or P. 0.0. ; or in hunting cases, £6 6r. Price in 18-Carat gold, crystal glats cases, Twelve Guineas SPECIALLY NOTE that J. W. Benson is the only Maker of a Thrce-Quatter Plate English Watch for .£5 $s. in Silver, or jCt2 I2J. in Gold, and that our Patent " Ludgate " Watch cannot be had through or of any Watchmaker in the King- dom. Any infrinetment of the Patent Rights will be proceeded against. A BOOk explaining the advantages of this Watch over the Full-plate English vVatches sold by alt other makers, will be sent Post-free on application to J. W. BENSON, Watchmaker to Her Majesty the Queen. The Steam Factory, 62 and 64, Ludgate Hill, E C. Illustrated Pamphlets of Watches from £2 10^500. Gold and Silver Jewelleiy, Clocks (House, Chime, anu Tunel), atd Musical Boxes, Iree on application. IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS, Iron and Wire Espaliers, &c. MATERIAL for WIRING GARDEN WALLS. GALVANISED. EYES, 7, Southampton Row, W.C. WANTED, as GARDENER, a thoroughly respectable married man, without fjmily, to take charge of a good-sized Garden. He must understand Vines, Cucum- ber-, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, and take an interest in his Work. Wife to attend Lodge — Apply, by letter only, to H. N., Messrs. Nulling & Sjns, ic6. Southwark Street, S.E. W' ANTED, a GARDENER, who will also have to act as Caretaker for a Public Garden in Hamp- jtead. A married man without children preferred. No one over the age of 55 need apply. Wages 25J. per week, without residence.— Apply on or before March 7 next, by letter only, stating age and full particulars to F. J. .MONRO, Esq., Clerk to ihe Trustees of the Wells and Campden Charity, 22, Thurlow Road, Hampslead. N.W. WANTED, good SINGLE-HANDED GARDENER, about 30, married, no children. _ Must be an energetic man who thoroughly imderstands his pro- fession. Help given. — Address, stating wages and re- ferences, T., Chilland Cottage, Winchester. ANTED, a WORKING GARDENER, thoroughly competent to Manage Vinery, Greenhouse, &c. , and the Cultivation of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. Wife to undertake Laundry. Without family. Cottage and coals found. — Address, with references, staling wages required, Z., Messrs. Street & Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C. ANTED, an ORCHID GROWER^ who thoroughly understands Imported and Established Orchids — Apply by letter only to J. B., 21, Harp Lane, E C. ANTED, a PRACTICAL FOREMAN, for a London Market Nursery— one experienced in Growing Cut Flowers and Plants for a good trade. — Apply, stating wages required, and references, to R. A. S., Gardeners Chronicle Ofhce, 41, Wellington street, Strand. W.C. WANTED, a FRUIT TREE FOREMAN in large Nursery. Must be thoroughly efficient in every respect. — Apply, with all particulars as to salary expected, age, and references, to A. B C, Messrs. Nutting & Sons, 106, Southwaik Street, London, S.E. WANTED, a young MAN who thoroughly understands the Propagation and Growing of Carna- tions and Pansies, &c. ; also be able to Assist in the Houses. — State age, reference, and wages required to Messrs. FLETCHER and SON, Florists, S:c., Chesterfield. WANTED, a young MAN to take Charge of Vineriesand Plant-house. iSf. per week. — F. HUGHES, Overbury, Tewkesbury. Assistant Rose Man under Glass. MESSRS. JAMES VEITCH and SONS REQUIRE for their ICoombe Wood Nurseiy, a young man, about iq years of age, who has had some e,\perieDCe in the Cultivation of all kinds of Roses under Glass. Lodgings in the nurseiy. — Apply, stating experience and Wages required, by letter addressed Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W\ WANTED, an experienced, sober, indus- trious MAN, to Grow Plants and Cut Flowers for the London Market.~F. S., Gardeners* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. WANTED, a young man in the Glass Department, as IMPROVER. Must have a know- ledge of Nursery Work and Propagating.— ENOCH WHITE, Royal Nurserie.s, Bournemouth. WANTED, a married MAN. Must be used to General Greenhouse Work.— T. W. DASH WOOD, Queen's Road Nursery, Peckham, S.E. ANTED, OUTDOOR NURSERY HANDS. — Write, stating experience, when disengaged, and pay required. — POUNCE'S Nursery, Hendon, N.W. ANTED, for a Market Nursery, TWO .young MEN. — Apply, stating full particulars and salary required, to J. A. ALDRIDGE, Petersham. Surrey. WANTED, an active young MAN, for Kitchen and Flower Garden. Oi,e who can Mow. — State paiticulars to W. M. bTICKLAND, The Gardens, Hop- wood Hall, Middleton, Lancashire. ANTED, ONE or TWO smart young MEN for the Market Nursery, to make themselves generally useful in the Houses ; also one accustomed to Potting. —Apply by letter to E, WETHERILL, Woodsidc Nursery, North Finchley. w WANTED, a young MAN, in the Houses, with knowledge of Wreath and Bouquet Making. Wages, 20s. per week.— JAS. CARAWAY and CO., Nursery, Clifton. Bristol. WANTED, a Gentleman, to take the entire CHARGE of the COUNTING-HOUSE of a leading Nursery establishment, with a view to PARTNERSHIP or PURCHASE. Must be able to invest in the business a con- siderable amount of cash. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. W "ANTED, for Wholesale Seed Trade, a FOREIGN CORRESPONDING CLERK, for German and French especially. — Address, applications with all particulars, to PETER LAWSON AND SON (Limited). Edinburgh. WANTED, a JUNIOR CLERK, one whose character will bear the strictest investigation. Must be a good Writer and Quick at Figures. — Write, staling full particulars and salary required, to B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, Loudon, N. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a young man as IMPROVER or SECOND SHOPMAN. Must te well acquainted with the Seed Business, also must have a fair knowledge of the value of Nursery Stock. — Apply in own hand- writing, stating salary, &c., to W. CROWDER and SONS, Humbleby Nursery, Horncastle. WANT PLACES. POSTAL ORDERS — To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. — It is very important in Remitting by Postal Order that it shoii/d be filled in payable at DRURY LANE, to IV. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may Jail from negotiating it. N.B. — Tlie best andsajest means oj Remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER. PJICHARD SMITH and CO. *J beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. SCOTCH GARDENERS. — John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin- burfih, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging from ;C50 to ^[oo per annum, and he will be pleased to supply full paiticulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust- worthy and competent Gardener. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. — Enquiries should be made to 337 and 23S, High Holborn, W.C. Journeymen and Foremen, Scotch. JOHN DOWNIE, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on his Bouks a number of first-rale Young Men who wish to go to England.— Parti- culars on application. To LANDED PROPRIETORS, &c.— A. McIntvke (late of Victoria Park) is now at liberty to undertake Formation and Planting of New Girden and Paik Grounds, and Remodelling existing Gardens. Plans prepared. 115, Listria Park, Stamford Hiii, N. GARDENER (Head).— Understands Early and Late Forcing of Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables. Fourteen years' character from ate employer. — L. I'AMSON, Foxley, Hereford. GARDENER (Head) ; age 33, married.— jCs Bonus will be given to any one who will be the means of securing the Advertiser a situation as above. Sixteen years' practical experience in all branches. Five years' gocd character from last place — L. W. P., Copleston Road, Peckham, P.F. GARDENER (Head).— Age 39. married; thoroughly practical in all branches of the profession. Fourteen years Head Gardener, seren years in last situation. Can be highly recommended by late and previous employers. — J. W. SEDGLEY. Ide Hill, Sevenoaks, Kent. ARDENER (Head); age 35. — ThoI Oldham, for the last five years Head Gardener, " Friern Watch," Finchley, N., would be glad to -correspond with any Lady or Gentlemen requiring a thorough competent Gardener. — Torrington House, Fmchley, N. GARDENER (Head) ; age 31.— E. Simp- SON, Head Gardener to Lord Wrotiesley, Wrottesley, Wolverhampton, can with confidence recommend his General Foreman, W. Holdcroft, to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman, as a competent, trustworthy man in the general routine of gar- dening. Three years in present situation, GARDENER (Head).— Age 36, married, two children ; youngest nine years of age. Twenty-four years' experience in all branches of the profession. Two and a half years in present situation. Nine years in previous. Good character. — HEAD GARDENER, Woodlands, Night- ingale Lane. Balham, S.W. GARDENER (Head); age 41, married.— H, Brnham, late Gardener to Lady Ashburton, desires re-engagement as above. Thoroughly successful in the Cultiva- tion of Fruit (Indoor and Out), Orchids, Stove, Greenhouse, and Hardy Plants, also Flower and Kitchen Garden. — Romsey, Hants. GARDENER (Head), — Niel Sinclair, Gaidener to the Marchioness of Downshire, Easthamp- stead Park, Wokingham, Berks, can with confidence recommend his Foreman, H. Howell, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical and energetic man in all branches of the profession. Total abstainer. ARDENER (Head); age 39, married (Protestant) — Wm. Irvine, for the last fifteen years Head Gardener to the late and present Lord Howard, is now ready to engage with a Lady or Gentleman as such. Experi- ence as Under Gardener at the Archbishop of Canterbury's, late Sir Joseph Hawley's, Lord Kinnard's, &c. Character will bear any investigation.— Glossop Hall, Manchester. /":< ARDENER (HEAD Working).— Age 38, V^ married one child ; understands the profession in all us branches ; seven years' character.— G. H,, 33, Maiket Place, Keighley. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40, three children (youngest, five year^ old). Twenty years* experience. — WM. CLARKE, (late) P. Cazenove, Esq. , Clapham Common, S.W. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37, married, no family ; thoroughly practical ui every branch. Leaving through death. Excellent character. — GEO. MORRIS. Elmwood, Eridgewater. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36, married ; successful Cultivator of Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, choice Fruit, Vegetables, &c. Well recommended. —GARDENER, War Coppice, Whitehill, Uletchingley. Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working), wheie. two or more are kept. — Age 32, married; thoroughly practical with Grapes. Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, &c., Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. — J. G., 15, Amies Street, Latchraere Road, Lavender Hill, S.W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, married ; upwards of twenty years' sound practical experience in some of the leading establishments of the countrj'. — HAROLD. Mr. Myatt, Hamber Lane, Preston, Wellington, Salop. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married, no family ; thirteen years' experience, including Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Early and Late Forcing, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Three years' good character. — W. E., 11. Dale Street, Nunnery Lane, York. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40, married, no family ; has a thorough knowledge of G-irdening in all its branches. Good character. — J. MEACHEM, Marshall's Farm, OxenhaD, Newent, near Gloucester. /lARDENER (Head Working, or good VJ Single-handed). — Age 27, single at present ; twelve years' experience in all branches of the profession. Four years Head in last situation. Highest references. Suburb not objected to.— C. BURNELL, Nether Compton, Sherborne, Dorset. /r:^ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28, V-^ married; thoroughly (xoerienced in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Flowers, and VeEetables, Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Excellent character.— G. F,, 2, Elm Terrace, Elm Road, Kingston-on- Thames. GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 39, manied. — W. Hyde. Esq , the Tower House. Mable- thorpe, Alford, Lincolnshire, can confidently recommend the above to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly prac- tical, trustworthy man. Leaving through establishment being broken up. GARDENER (HEAD Working).— Age 30, married, two children ; understands Early and Late Forcing, Vines, Peaches, Cucumbeis, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Two years' good character from present place. — W. BEALE, a, Hockley Terrace. Bridge Street, Greenwich. To Noblemen and Gentlemen. GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and BAILIFF (Working). — Age 4+. married; thoroughly practical in all branches, the Forcing of all kinds of Fruits, Flowers, and Vecetables, also good Flower and Kitchen Gardener, good Manager of Land and Stock. Erecting New Buildings, energetic and trustworthy. Six and a half years* gocd character l;ist place, highest testimonials previous. — F, A. HICKS, 8, Gladstone Ro.id, Maidstone, Kei.t. GARDENER(HEADor Single-handed).— Age 32. married, no family; cood character. Please state wages with particular?.— GARDENER, 6, Dale Street, Chiswick, Middlesex. ARDENER.— Single ; thoroughly under- stands Glasshouse Work, Vine*-", Cucumbers, and Tomatos. Three years in last pLce. — L. C. B , 81, Montague Street, Worthing, Sussex. GARDENER, to any Lady or Gentleman.— Age 34 ; has a good practical knowledge of his work. Abstainer.— GARDENER, 14, Park Lane, Wahham Cross, Herts. ARDENER.— A-e 24, single; thoroughly experienced in the Cuitiv.ition of Siove and Greenhou5C Plants, Fern?, and all Indoor Fruits. Highly recommended. — A. S., 55. Temperley Road, B.Vham, S.W. GARDENER, to assist in the Houses and Outdoor Woik — Age ig ; two years' good character from present situation. — W. B , The Gardens, Manor House, Hadley, Barnet. ARDENER, in the Houses under a good Foreman, or to work Inside and Out.— Good character. Bothy preferred.-G. PROSSER, Porihkerry, Cowbridge, Glamorganshire. A^RDENER.— The Advertiser can con- fidently recommend a young man as Gardener to ai,y Lady or Gentleman requiring such. Is steady, energetic, and obliging. Four years' ch.iracter.— C, B., W. Barlow, York Nursery, St. Ann's Road, Stamford Hill, London, N. February 28, iSSj.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 295 GARDENER (Working).— Age 26, single at present ; twelve years' pi.iclical experience in hrst- class establishments.— W. CLARKE, Braiiap;th Castle, Durham. GARDENER (Pleasure Ground, or Kitchen); age 23. — Mr. Clarke, Head Gardener, Cannon Hall. Barnstey, ^ orks, can confidently recommend a young man as above. Seven years' experience ; three years' good character.— G. NEWBY, Park Road, Chislehurst, Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Married, no family; ■wife Plain Cook. Over two jears in last situation. Lived in Gentleman's lodge. — C. H. W., Torring;oa Park, North Finchiey, N. ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 28, manied, no family ; well up in general routine of Gar- dening. Can be well recommended. — E. POSNETT, Dane Street, Bishop Sioitford, /^ARDENER (good Single-handed, or \-A where help is given). — Age 26, married when suited ; ten years' experience in every branch of Gardening. Highly recom- mended.—A. JONES, 29. Poplar Walk Road, Heme Hdl, S.E. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Swede ; good knowledge of He.baceous and Alpine Plants, Otchids. and Ferns. Several years' experience in general GardenWork.— N.J. ,i4,Elgin Terrace. Maida Vale, London. W. ARDENER (good SINGLE Handed). — Married, no family ; wife willing to be useful. Good character from last employer. — B., 105, Pavilion Road, Sloane Sireet, Chelsea, W. ARDENER, or good SECOND.— Age 23, married ; has had experience in the Early and Laie Forcing of Pine?, Grapes, Peaches, Melons, &c , as well as Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Two years" good character. —J. HEPBURN, Wentworth Gardens, near Ascot, Berks. GARDENER (Single-handed or where assistance is given). — Age 24 ; good practical man, sober, energetic, and trustworthy. Leaving to improve himself. Five years' good character (rom present situation. — T. HURST, Convent House, Kingsgate, Margate. C:j.ARDENER (Second), where three or four T are kept.— Age 21; two and a half years' excellent character from last situation. — W. SMITH, 2, Swell Row, Butts Green. Romford. GARDENER (SECOND, or under good Foreman in Houses). — Age 21 ; six years' experience. Good character.— W. GRIFFITHS, Ayot St. Lawrence, Welwj-n, Herts. GARDENER (SECOND, or under Foreman in the Houses). -Age 21; abstainer. Good character (rom present situation Eithy preferred.— J. FLETCHER, The Gardens, Aldershot Park. Hants. GARDENER (Second Worker or small Single-handed). — Vinery, Forcing, Orchard- Houses, Prcpagator of Roses, and Flowers for cutting. — T. COOTE, EUdon & Co., Vineries, Rlilton, Cambridgeshire. C^ARDENER (Secondj, or FIRST A JOURNEYMAN, in the Hojses. — Age 22: eight years' experience in good establishments. Understands Orchid-', Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Cucumbers, Melons, &c — G. F, Walker, Post Office, Hayes, near Beckenham. Kent. GARDENER (SECOND or Third), in a Gentleman's garden. Indoors, not objecting to help Out- side.— Age 22 ; good character.— E. IFOULD, The Gardens, Woodend, Chichester. GARDENER (Under, or Second).— Seven years in present situation. — J. CH.WE, Huntsham, near Bampton, Devonshire. C ^ARDENER (Under), in the Houses, or ■^ Inside and Out. — Age 22 ; well recommended. — L. D. , Holly Hill Gardens, Southampton. GARDENER (Under), partly under Glass preferred. — Age ig \ five years' good character, — E. POTTER, The Gardens, Priory House, New Southgate, N. GARDENER (Under), under a Head Gar- dener. — Married ; good character and recommendation. —JOHN BILES, The Gardens, Hyde, Wareham, Dorset. G I ARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; under- ' stands both Flower and Kitchen Garden, with a know- ledge of the Houses.— J. H. COLEMAN, Poulton Priory, Fair- ford, Gloucestershire. GARDENER (Under), in a good estab- lishment. — Age 23 ; strong and active. Brought up from his youth to Gardening. Good knowledge of Forcing, &c. Good character, S:c. Bothy preferred. -JOHN WM. NICHOL- SON, Solbirge Gardens, Northallerton, Yorkshire. ARDENER (Under), or IMPROVER, in a large Garden or Nursery. — Age 19; two and a half years' good character. — A. J. ROWLINSON, near Station, Great Shelford, Cambridge. OREMAN, or SECOND GARDENER.— Age 29 : twelve years" e.\:perience in all branches and can be well recommended.— C. R., Mr. Reeves, Grass Farm, Finchiey, London, N. FOREMAN, or SECOND, in a private garden. — Age 26, single ; good experience in all branches. Good character and references. — GARDENER, Old Angel Caf^, Winchester Road, Basingstoke, Hants. FOREMAN (or Second), of Kitchen Gar- den or Pleasure Grounds. — Has filled similar situations. Can be highly recommended. Seven years' excellent character from present situation.— G. A. B., i, Park Cottage, North Malvern, Worcestershire. HERBACEOUS FOREMAN.— Thoroughly experienced, practical man. — Apply, stating particulars to B. M. S., Mrs. Almond, i, Ingham Street, Boughton, Chester. Ij^OREMAN, in the Houses.— Good practical experience in all branches. Two years' good char.icter from present place. — D. F , Sir H. Beisemer's, Denmark Hill, Camberwell. S E. t^^OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 25 ; three -i- years' good character from present place Icn years' experience. — W. POTTLE, 'Ihe Garc',en>", Manor House, Alton, Hants. FOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's establishment.— .Age 26 ; eleven years' practical ex- perience. Excellent character from last situation. — J. H., 4, Latimer Road, Godalming, Surrey. FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Eight years' experience; good characters from present and pievious employers as to ability, &c.~C. BRINKLOW, The Gardens, Templeton, Roehampton, Surrey. FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26 ; twelve years' experience in all branches of the profession in large establishments. Can be well recommended from last and previous employers. Bothy preferred. — '1'. W., 284, High Street, Watford, Herts. FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Has had long experience iu first-class establishments; under- stards Early and Late Forcing, and General Routine ofa Large Garden. Highly recommended from present and previous places. — J. TOY, EnviUe, near Stourbridge, Staffordshire. FOREMAN ; age 27.— J. Wiggins, Gar- dener to O. Vandcr-NIeden, Esq., Coventry Hall, Cheatham, Surrey, will be pleased to recommend G. Hankes, who has been with him five years, to any one requiring a steady persevering man. Ten years' experience. FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age s6 ; twelve years' good practical experience in all branches of the profession, i'wo years' character from present situation. — W. PRCSSER, The Gardens, Franks Hall, Danford, Kent. FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26; eleven years' experience in all branches ol the profession, two years in present situation. Well recommended from present and previous employers. — M. FIELD, Albury Park Gardens, Guildford, Surrey. FOREMAN; age 26.— Mr. Francis, Gardener to R. G. Allan, Esq , Rosemont, Aigburth, nesr Liverpool, can highly recommend W, Davis as a thoroughly tiustworthy and energetic man as above. Eleven years' ex- perience in good establishments. FOREMAN, or good Single-handed. — Age 24, single ; two years in last place. Gjcd cha- rjcler.— A. W,, u, Cell Street, Henley-on-Thames. FOREMAN, or good Single-handed. — Age 24, single; two years in last place. Charge of Glass. Good character frcm last and previous employers. — II, Bell Street, Henleyon-Thames. FOREMAN, or toMANAGE a Branch Estab- lishment, or as PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Soft- wooded Plants, Ferns. &c., also Forcing of Flowers. Fruits, &c., for Market. Twenty years' experience. — H. PEST- RIDGE, 4, Redmore Road. Hammersmith, W. F"0 REMAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER — Age 30; energetic. Sixteen years' ex- perience, nine as above. Well up in London Marker Traje, used to Growing Plants and Cut Flowers in large quantities. Can take entire charge. Abstainer. First-class references.— P. W. M., Gardeners' Ch>onicle Oflfice, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. FOREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 25 ; eight years' good character. Six years in two large establishments near London. Thoroughly recommended. Northern counties preferred. — P. L,, Houghton House, High Road, Tottenham, Middlesex. OREMAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Sixteen years' practical experience in the Nursery and Florist Trade, Propagating and Growing of Hard and Soft-wooded Plants, making Wreaths. Crosses, Bouquets, &c. Good references. — H. J., 4, Armoury "Terrace, Shrewsbury. OREMAN PROPAGATOR (I ndoor)T— Plant?, Cut Flowers, Grapes, Cucumbers, &c . for Market or other purposes. Good references. — A. B., i, Albion lerrace, Childs Hill, Kilbum, N.W. ROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Nine years' experience in Propagating and Growing Choice Plants for Market and Cut Flower Trade. Good at Bouquets, &c.— T. W. BOOTH, Tunstall Road, Bradley Green. Congleton. "PROPAGATOR (Assistant), in~a Nursery. ■*- — Young ; six years' experience. Two years in present situation as above.— N. W., i, Lanark Place, Maida Vale, N.W. To Nurserymeu- GROWER, for Market, &c.— Age 24 ; nine years' experience. Good character.— Mr. A. PEGG, Keresley, near Coventry, Warwickshire. O U R N E Y M A N (First), or PLANT FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age 24; seven years* practice ia large places, and seven year^' good charac- ter ; three years' excellent character from present place.— G. BLOOMFIELD, Pendley Gardens, Tring, Herts. JOURNEYMAN (FiRST)rin~Houses.— Age ^ ig ; good character.— Apply, slating full particulars, to H. HENDERSON, Durdham Down Nurseries, Clifton Bristol. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.—Age 23 ; t^ two years' character from last situation. —C. M., 28, Mal- |inson Road, Wandsworth Common, S.W. JOURNEYMAN(lNSiDEandOuT).— Agei9; ^ six years' experience. Nineteen monihi* character. — B. DOWSON, The Gardens, Wood End, Chichester, Sussex. OURNEYMANjin a Gentleman's establish- ment. — Age 22 ; nine years' experience. Good character. Please state wages, &c JOSEPH HORNER, Harmby, near Bedale, Yorlts. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good establishment. — Age 22 ; four years' good character. Bothy preferred.— W, BAKER, 11, Elm Crescent, Kingston- on-Thames. JOURNEYAiAN,*in the Houses, in a Gentle- man's estribhshment.— Age ^2 ; four years' first-class testi- monials.—H. E. STEDM AN, Gwernyted Park, Three Cocks, Breconshire, R.S.O. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good establishment. — Age 23 ; seven years' experience in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, &.Z. Highly recommended. — J. H., The Gardens, Wood Green Park, Cheshunt. Herts. JOURNEYMAN, under a Foreman.— Age 21 ; four years' good character from present situation. Bothy preferred.- F. SHARP, The Gardens, East Sheen Lodge. East Sheen, S.W. I OURNEYMAN.— Age 19; five and a half t/ yeara' experience— Indoors and Out. Two and a half years' good character from present, and three from previous situation. Total abstainer.— A'. SILLS, The Gardens, Shore- ham Place, Sevenoaks, Kent. JOURNEYMAN, in Houses; age 23.— ^ Thi'S. Lockih, Oakley Court, Windsor, begs to recom- mend one of his young men as above. Has lived with him on two ditlerent occasions, in all seven years, and is now desirous of a change. He is well experienced in House duties, &c. Tiustworthy and industrious. — Address ae above ( T. L.). JOURNEYMAN and IMPROVER under ^ Glass and in Garden. — Age 20 ; three years in present place. Highly recommended by his clergyman.— HAKRY ANDREWS, Weslmill Rectory, Buntingford. Bu"DDER~and GRAFTER of R'oses, Fruit Trees, and General Outdoor Nursery Work. — THOMAS HENSON. Inglescorabe, near Bath. TMPROVER, in the Houses in a Nobleman's -L or Gentleman's Garden. — Age ig ; bothy preferred. Good re'erence.- E. B., Percy Cottage. Calne, Wiltshire. IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's estabUshment. — Age 19; good references. B^^thy preferred.— H. H., 94, High Street, Bromley, Kent. TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's garden.— Age -L 19; four years' experience Indoors and Out. No objec- tion to give a Premium if required. Good char.^cter. Boihy preferred.- F. BURTON, Clitf Lodge, Leyburn. Bedale. IMPROVER, in a good establishment.— Age 18 (Premium offered) with a view of gelling a good insight into Fruit Culture. Bothy preferred. — E., Head Gardener, Grove House, Roehampton, Surrey. IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's garden or Nursery. — Age 17 ; two and a half years' experience in general Nursery Work. Understands Land Measuring and Geometry. Good character. Total abstainer. — H. KEMP, Fouldon. near Brandon, Norfolk. O NURSERYMEN.— A young man, ex- perienced in gsod Market Nursery and Private Gardens, requires a situation in Nurseiy or Garden— Nursery preferred. Good reference?.— PASSEV, 63, Grove Lane, Camberwell.S.E. TO GARDENERS.— Wanted, a situation, by a \oiine man (age 19) under Glass. Bothy preferred. Total abstainer. — A. R. A., Gardener, The Hyde, Luton. ''pO GARDENERS.— Wanted, for a youth -*- (age 17), a situation in a Gentleman's Garden, where he wou'd be able to learn the profession. Premium given, — H. RASSELL, Florist, &c., i, Shaftesbury Terrace, Warwick Road, Kensington, W. O SEEDSMEN, NURSERYMEN, and OTHERS.— An intelligent, well-educated youth (18 years) is willing to make himself generally useful, both at In or Outdoor Work, and give one year's service without pay in return for Boird, Lodging, and a knowledge of the "Trade. Excellent references. — H. E., School House, Queen Street, Eiidle gh Salterton, Devon. ^^O FLORISTS. — Wanted, by a young man, JL of good address, a situation. Acquainted with the Making-up of Flowers and willing to make himself generally useful.— B., Chapel Road Nursery, Ealing. W. O GARDENERS, &c.— Wanted, a situation under a Gardener for a lad of 15. Premium given. — H, C, Latimer Cottage, Church Road, Teddington, Middlesex. GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. EP PS ' S CO COA. BREAKFAST. " By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli- cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps has provided our breakfast tables with a delicately flavoured beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point. We may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Ciziil Service Gazette. Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in Packets, labelled thus :— JAMES EPPS & CO., Homoeopatlilc Cliemists, London. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— No Mystery.— Whenever the blood is impure or the general heaUh is impaired, the human body is predisposed to attacks of any pre- vading epidemic. The first indications of faulty action, the first sensations of deranged or diminished power, should be rectifit d by these purifying Pills, which will cleanse all corrupt and reduce all erring functions to order. These Pills counteract the subtle poisons in decaying animal or vegetable matter, and remove all tendency to bowel complaints, biliousness, and the host of annoy- ing symptoms arising from foul stomachs. The fruit season is especially prone to produce irritation of the bowels and disorders of the digestive organ ; both of which dangerous conditions can be completely removed by HoUoway's corrective mediaoes. 296 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 28, 1885. GREEN^S PATENT ''8ILEN8 MESSOR^' AND OTHER LAWN-MOWING, ROLLING and COLLECTING MACHINES for 1885. THE WINNERS OF EVERY PRIZE IN ALL CASES OF COMPETITION. Patronised by Her most Gracious Majesty the Queen on many occasions, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, the King of the Belgians, the late Emperor of the French, the Emperor of Russia, and most of the Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry of the United Kingdom. Royal Horticultural Society's Show, South Kensington, London. June 3 to 7, 1881. The "Jourfuit of Hortiadinre," of June g, says:— "Mowing Machines. — Afcer a critical examtnaiion ihe Silver Niedal was granted to the old firm of world-wide fame, Messr--. T. Green & Son, oi Leeds and London. As the Machines are known in all lands where eood lawns ;ire cherished, it is quite unnecessary to give any desciiplion of them." Upwards of 125,000 of these Machines have been sold since they were first introduced in the year 1856, And thousands of unsolicited Testimonials have been received testifying to their superiority over all others. T/tej have been submitted to numerous practical tests in Public Competition, and in all cases have carried off every pri::e that has been given. .„.,...„.. . . ., The fallowing are tUelr advantages over all others :— IS'. Simplicity or Construcuon-every pait being easily accessible. ad. They are worked wiih much Rreater ease than any other. 31". They are the least liable to get out of Ofder. 4lh. They make little or no noise in working. jlh. They wiil cut eilher short or long Gri", we- or dry. SINGLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. To cut 6 inches, can be worked by a Lady Price ^^i 15 To cut 8 inches, do. do. 2 10 To cut 10 inches, do. by a strong youth . . 3 10 To cut 12 inches, do. by a man . . . . 4 10 To cut 14 inches, do. do 5 10 DOUBLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. To cut 16 inches. To cur 18 inches. To cut 20 inches, *To cut 22 inches, *To cut 24 inches, do. one man on even Iawn-j^6 10 do. man and boy .. 7 10 do. do 80 do. two men ,. . . 8 10 do. do. . . ..90 * \i made stroneer, suitable for Donkey. 3CJ. ext a Prices of Donkey, I'ony. ^^\ Horse Ma.hmes, including Patent Self Delivery Box, or Side Delivery, with Cross-stay complete, suitable for attachmg to Ordnary Chaise Traces or Gig Harness :- DONKEY and PONY MACHINES, To cut 26 inches /■14 o To cut 28 inches 16 o To cut 30 inches 18 o Leather Boots for Donkey 10 Leather Boots for Pony 14 The 26 and .8 iiiches can easily be wrrlced by a Donkey, ihe 30 inches by a Pony, and the larger s^zes by a Horse Machme makes little n.ise in woikmg, the most spinted animal can be employed without fear o( it runnine away o Packing Cases as per List, HORSE MACHINES. To cut 30 inches To cut 36 inches To cut 42 inches , , , , , , To cut 48 inches \\ Leather Boots for Horse . . \\ 26 30 34 damaging the machine. and as the ing away, or in any way GREEN'S PATENT "MULTUM IN PARVO" LAWN MOWER. GREEN'S PATENT LAWN TENNIS MARKER. No. 3413. Price , , , . 20s. Small Baes of Marking Composition, Mat, and Packing, i* ^d. GREEN'S PATENT CRASS EDGE CLIPPER. SIZE and PEICE. Wide. Diam. 8 inch .. 7 inch ..£1 16?. Packing Case, y. Specially designed to meet a want that has long been felt in cu ung the overhanging grass en ihe edges of walks, borders ttower-beds, &.C., and do away with the tedious operation of cutting with shears. GREEN'S Patent ROLLERS, For Lawns, Drives, Bowling Greens, Cricket Fields ana Gravel Paths, &c. SUITABLE FOR HAND OR HORSE POWER. PRICES of ROLLERS in two parts. Diam. Length. ^ s. d. 16 in. by 17 in. .. 2 15 o 20 in. by 22 in. .. 400 24 in. by 25 in. .. 500 30 ir. by 32 in. ..900 Green's Patent Steam Road Rollers and Traction Engines combined. Which are made in sizes of 6, to, laH, rs. and 30 Tons weight, and both the Driving and Steering of them are under the easy control of ONE Man. Jl/aife specially for the Queen, for the Royal Grounds, M'lndsor. They are suitable for Rolling Caniaee Drives, Paik Roads, Walks, Streets, Highways, and for General Road Making; Rolling Lawns, Cricket Flats, Parks. &c. They can also be used as Stationary Engines for Stone Breaking, Wood Sawing. Pumping, Farm Purposes, and other various work. Weight Empty:— 6 TONS. 7 TONS. Weight In Working Trim with Water and Fuel :— 7 TONS. 8 TONS. They are specially recommended to Noblemen, Gentle- men. Borough and Road Surveyors, Corporations, Local Boards. Highway Trustees, Contractors. Road Matters, and others. 15 TONS. Weight In Working Trim with Water and Fuel:- 12' j TONS. 16 TONS. 18 TONS. Bpeclflcatlons, with Prices and Testimonials, furnished on application. Delivered Carriage Free at all the principal Railway Stations and Shipping Ports in England, Scotland and Ireland. No other Lawn Mouier Manufacturers keep so large a stock of Mowers as is to be found at our [.nndon Establishment, .Surrey U'orhs, Blackfriars Road, where Purchasers can select out of several hundred Machines, of Hand, Pony, and Horse Power, and have their Orders supplied the same day as received. The above iVIachines are Warranted to give entire Satisfaction, otherwise they may be returned AT ONCE, free of cost to the Purchaser. N.B. — Those who have Lawn Mowers which require repairing should send them to eilher our Leeds or London Establishment, where they will liave prompt attention. as an Efficient Staft of Workmen is kepi at both places. Garden Seats and Chairs, and Horticultural Implements of every Description, Wire Netting, S^c, S'f. Descriptive Illustrated Price Lists free on application to THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited, Smithfield lronworli., in the Conservatory ; Scientific at i p m , in the Library. GENERAL MEETFNG for the Election of Fellows. &c , at 3 P.M., on TUESDAY NEXT. March 10. Promenade and Band of the Royal Horse Guards from half-past 3P.M Admission 21.6^. N.B.-J!.i.irancfS. N.E. Orchard House, Exhibition Road ; and Exhibitors* Entrance west side of Royal Albert Hal!. "OOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, -^*^ South Kensington. S.W. The SCHEDULE of PKIZES and ARRANGEMENTS for the SHOWS and MEElINGS to be held in the Con- seivatory at South Kensington during the current year is row ready, and can t>e had on application to the SECRETARY Royal Horticultural Society. South Kensington, S. W. ■ or Mr. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Gardens, Turaham Green (CRYSTAL PAL V-l SPRING FLOWER SHOW, MARCH Schedules on application to Mr. W. G. HEAD Supenntendeot, Crystal Palace, S.E. ACE. 7 and z3. Garden pOYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL- -^^A TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER. SPRING FLOWER SHOW, in the To«.n Hall Man- chester, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, March 17 and rS. Schedules for the National Horticultural Exhibition ol r88s can be had from the undersigned. „„..„ Royal BoUnicGardens, Manchester. BRUCE FINDLAY. BRISTOL CHRYSANTHEMUM and SPRING SHOW SOCIETY The FIFTEENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION o( SPRING FLOW ERS will be held on MARCH ,8 and ,9 at the Victor la Rooms Clifton. Schedules and all information may be obtained of A. POLKINHORN. Secretary, BUhopston, Bristol. IVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL „„„ ASSOCIATION. n?°5^'^9.'?,^"'^^T <=' SPRING FLOWER SHOW. TiTh J,\"K?5^^oL^''^0"S and HARDY HERBaI T?i?y^A^J-*~7:.',*"= • "'" '"= ''=''' '■■ St. George's Hall, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, March 24 and 25. Entries dose March 1 7. Schedules of Prizes and further information may be had from ».,,.,. . ^ WK-. o , ^ ^EDWARD BRIDGE, Secretary. White Brooir Cottage, Dmah's Lane, Huyton. O. LASGOW and WEST of SCOTLAND ■i „ HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY TheSPRING FLOWER SHOW will be hdd within the St. Andrews Hall, Granville Street, Glasgow, on WEDNES- y^Z^r, "^V ^'.^ Schedules and Tickets of Admission WIIIlAMsTiO^' ^v!?""^'' "■■■ CHAS. MACDONALD or i. ^. n J^' "■*• iY«' George Street, any cf the Directors, or at my Office here. Members ticket, aj. &/. each. ,K ^ . „ FRANC. GIBB DOUGALL, Secretary. 167. Cannmg Street, Glasgow. ">;i-iy. InSSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S -i MEETING, at VV.iltham Abbey, JUNE 4 and 5. GREAT HORTICULTURAL SHOW-j£aoo in Prizes. Schedules now obtainable from, and Donations towards Prize Fund received by HUBERT GOUGH. Waltham) Abbey, or \ Hon. Sees. GEORGE PAUL. Cheshuot. ) THE GRAND INTERNATIONAL POTATO EXHIBITION wii be held at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham, S E , on OCTOBER 7, 8 and 9. For Schedules aoply to P. Mc KINLAY. Hedley Lodge, Croydon Road. Annerley S F. ATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY. ROYAL AQUARIUM, WESTMINSTER. Schedule of Prizes for 18S5 has been posted to all Members of the Society, and may be had (fiee) on application to the Honorary Secretary, Mr. WILLIAM HOLMES, Framplon Park Nursery, Hackney, E. . i- j, TROUBLE FLOWERING WHITE -Ly EPACRIS.— This is a lovely novelty, its handsome spikes of rosette shaped flowers are chaiming in the extreme. \os. dd. each, 4 guineas per dozen. Mr. WlLLIAVi BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 5jft, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. BOX EDGINGrvery fine7.^io per 1000 Nursery yards. PRIMULA CASHMIRIANA, extra strong. 30J. per 100. Also ORCHID SPHAGNUM, 6j. ftd. per bag. J. B. YOUNG, Bridge of Allan. 'T'HOMAS HEWITT and CO., Solihull.— -*- Celebrated strain of Tuberous-rooted BEGONIAS. First Prizes and Certificates at many of the leading shows, 1884. Prices: Dry Roots, singles, from 3^. per dozen. Seed. in Sealed Packets : choice mixed, singles, ir. and ar. dd. per picket ; ditto, double, 3r 6 Long Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C, REQUIRE a quantity of fine Muscats, lor which they can offer good prices, also fine Black Grapes. Tomatos, Cucumbers, choice Flowers, &c Q QUELCH T^ B A R N H A M, '-' giTing personal attention to all consignments, they are thus enabled to obtam the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. QUELCH AND B A R N H A M. ACCOUNT SALES sent daUy. and CHEQUES forwarded weekly ^ BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES BASKETS and LABELS suppUed. WANTED, regular supplies of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS. r-'^P^^rP^f.^^S.OD, Commission Salesman, Covent Irtrden, W.C. Address, Queen's Road Nurseiy, Peckham, S.E. Terms and References on application s T ARCH, strong, transplanted, 2 to 3 feet, JLJ and 3 to 4 feet ; QUICKWOOU, SPRUCE, and Scotch FIR. up to 3 feet. See Advertisement, February 38, page a68. Apply to W. JACKSON and CO., Nurseries, Bedale. Hyaclntlius cantUcans. T3UDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers, -■--' Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at soj. per 1000. To the Trade! 188S.-NEW FLORISTS' FLOWERS.-r88?i QUR SPECIAL LIST of the above is now yJ ready, and will be forwarded on application. We aro introducing this year many novelties of sterling merit, and the plants are strong and healthy. R. B. LAIRD AND SONS (Successors to Downie & Laird), Royal Winter Garden. Edinburgh. TTERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.— r n N™ 'J, 'he season to plant and insure success. Writ, for R. H. VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make your choice from his unrivalled Collection. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. C^LADIOLL— Twenty Acres. The largest V.^ collection in Emope. CATALOGUES free, with Cultural Directions. KELWAY AND SON, Lapgporl, Somerset. T Garden and Flower Seeds! OHN DOWNIE, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, begs to intimate that he is now sending out the finest stock of the above that m mey can buy, and as ■u 1^1 °°,?' '° business solely on his own account, most of the t lower Seeds have been saved under his own supervision, and may be thoroughly relied upon. ■pnODODENDRONS. — 3-yr. Seedlings, rr *' /"■" " superb collection of over roo choicest named sorts ; ditto, ditto, 2-yr., r-yr. bedded ; 3-yr. Seedling Hybrids : ditto. 2-yr., r-yr. bedded ; PONTICUM, transplanted. 3 to 4 4 to e! and 6 to 9 inches. LARCH. iJ4 to a feet. Samples and prices on application. J. I. MARRIOTT, Highfield Nurseries, Matlock. COTCH FIR SEEoT^ranteed True Native our own collecting. Price on application. R. AND A. MORRISON, The Nu.series; Elgin. N B. D Hyacinth Flowers. RIEHUIZEN BROTHERS, Florists, HYACINTH "I? OWFRli'"! "°""°''- "■" f"^ "*> """" MyAl,lNlH f LOWERS, large, various colours, for 81 No charge for packing. Letters prepaid. JERSEY CHRYSANTHEMUMS.-All the t, X., , rfel;.'^*"' ='°'' °''' LIST free, from H. ELLIOTT, Springfield Nursery, St. Helier's, Jersey Established 1834. TlfORirQUICKS, very fine, ckarTlroivn, *'\\: "^nsplant. d. i8j. per 1000 I .;yr., 20J. per io;o. W. JACKSON, Blakedown, Kidderminster. OAMELLIAS.— A choice private Collection V-/ for Sale, fine healthy plants, 3 to 7 feet high, in tubs. GARDEN, 97. South Street. Exeter. Must be Cleared by March 25. A FEW THOUSAND good LARCH, 310 .■^-r 4'"'; also a quaniiiyof PICEA NOBILIS, 13 tots inches, good. Samples and Prices on application to T. lACKSON AND SON. Nurseries, Kingston-on-Tharaes. RAPES THIS YEAR. FRUITING CANES, 71. M. and ror. 6rf. each. PLANTING CANES, 3X. td. to 7r. 6rf. ekch. TAMirs nrrT?&l'M'i''J'A'i?S"Y x','"=°"' "'"'out bottom-heat JAMES DICKSON & SONS, "Newtcn" Nurseries, Chester. T OVEL'S STRAWBERRY ■*-' PLANTS. Puce M. 6nioglossums, Phaljenopsis, Coslogynes, and other species ; a quantity of Callas, Fuchsias, Primulas, Pelargoniums, Bou- vardias. Strawberry Plants, &c. On view Saturday prior and mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had on the Premises, or of Mr. J. C. STEVENS, 38. King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. Flowering Orchids. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that his next SALE of FLi IWEKING ORCHI DS will take place at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Coveiit Garden, W.C . on WEDNESDAY. March 18. Gentlemen desirous of entering Plants for this Sile will please send particulars not later than THURSDAY NEXT, March 12. Caversham Park, Beading. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tioiis from the Executors of ihe late Mrs. Craw.'-hay, to SELL by AUCMON, on ihc Premises, as above, EARLY IN MAY, wiihout reserve, the colleciion of STUVE and GREEN- HOUSE PLANTS, consisting of Crotons, Dracaenas, Maraotas, Palms, Allocasias, Camellias, and Azaleas, Ferns, &c- ; also 12.OCO BEDDING PLANTS, of all the best varieties; a small collection of ORCHIDS, including several nice plants of Dendrobium nobile, Cypripedium io^igne, C. venuslum, C barbatum, Cattleyas of sorts, Atithurium Scherzerianum, and other specie^. ; a quantity of IM PLEMENTS, comprising 3 Rollers, Water-barrows, Cans, Tanks, M.iwing Machines, Fatm and Spring Carts, together with a Cart-horse, Cob, &c. Date of Sale will ^ho^tly be announced. A Most Masnlflcent New Cattleya. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, at an EARLY DATE, a grand importation of a most magnificent new CAITLEVA, and one of the very finest novelties we have introduced for years. It has just been brought home by Mr. £. Seidl from the Roraima Mountains; it is as rare as it is beautiful, and the importation is in superb order. Full par- ticulars in next week's GardtntH ChronicU. M Orchids from the Roraima Mountains. R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Room-, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C , by order of Mr. F. Sander, at an EARLY DATE, a superb Collection of (JRCHIDS, from the Roraima Mountains, just brought home by his collector, Mr. E. Seidl. Full particulars in next week's Gardeners' Chronicle. Tuesday Next. LA;LIA ANCEPS SCHRODEBIANA, new pure wWte L.1ELIA ANCEPS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.G.. onTUb-SDAV, March 10, at halt-pjst la'o'CIock precisely, a small but especially fine importation of L^LIA ANCEPS SCHRODEKIANA, Rchb, f,. several great masses being amongst them This is undoubtedly the finest white variety ever offered. The ■whole flower is very large and pure white, and entirely distinct from any of the while forms ; the throat striped crimson, and the lip extra broad and square, and an inch across or even more. Mr Edward Klaboch, who has collected every plant in fl iwer, states that this variety is particulary rare, and that the flowers are of great sub-tance. far surpassing anything he has seen. He considers it the finest while Ljeiia anceps ever introduced. Every plant received will be included in this sale, and there are no more coming. Laelia auceps Schrodenana is def^cribed by Prof. Reicheubachas follows :— " There are before me twenty-seven brilliant dried lips, and a dried flower. The colours are purest white, the disc between lateral lacmiae is orange, and ihe prcjcciing keeli ruuning in the base of mid-lacinia are even deeper urange ; there are three to five crimson-purple longitudinal and several forked lines radiating outwards. So much for the colour. The complete flower would appear to surpass the dimensions of Lslia anceps Dawsoni. The petals seen are remarkably broad. The great merit of the plant consists in the lip, which is bn^ad wiih short nearly reciangular blunt side-lacin'x. The mid-lacinia is very broad, blunt, emarginate. and this lip is quite novel lo me." '* The result of the description would be that the value of this remaikable white flower is admirably enhanced by the beauty of the great square and flat lip. This very ornamental (lichid bears fitly the name of one of our most exc-llent orchidists. Baron Schroder, and it gives me great pleasure to attach the Baron's name to such a glorious Lalia." It is one of the most recent and most brilliant introductions of Mr. F. Sander. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. L^LIA ANCEPS STELLA, new White Anceps. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.. on TUESDAY NEXT. March 10, at half pa-^t 12 o'CIock precisely, an import-Uion of L^L'A ANCEPS STELLA (new White Anceps). Prof. Reichenbach writes :—" The flowersare of the greatest of ihe tribe, stellate, pure white. Ihe lip's side lacinise are remarkably curved and broad in front, the long mid-lacinise is narrow at base, dvlLilate aud margiudte in fiont; disC of lip and base of mid-Iacinise orange, very numerous nerves both radiating outside as longuudioai ones with a dtep point of rich scarltt-purple that nearly forms 3 dark b otch each side in front. This is the great mark of distinction of Laelia anceos vestali-;, it might be ciUed Dawsoni or banderiana, but the anteiior lacinise is half yellow and white in front. It is decidedly a very brilliant flower, and ihe importation is in Mr. Sander's hands " The importation is in grand order, and enormous masses are among them. At the sime time will be Sold a fine lot of ODONTOGLOS- SUM ALEXANDRA and many other ODONTOGLOTS, and other ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Important Sale of English-grown Camellias, beautifully sei w'th bbiom-buds. AZALEA INDICA and oiher GREENHOUSE PLANTS. 400 tine Standard and other ROSES, selected FRUIT TREES, Hardy CONI- FERj^, SHRUBS AM ERICAN PLANTS, DAHLIAS, LIl.lUM AURATUM, &r. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS wilt SELL by AUCFION the above, at the City Auc ion Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C., on lUt-SDAY. March 10, at 12 o'CIock precisely. On view the morning of Sa'e. Cdt..li>gues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68 Cheapside, t.C. Wednesday Next LILIUM AURATUM, ROSES, PLANTS, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, attheir Central Sate Rcoms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March II. at hall-past 12 o'CIock precisely, 6000 unufiually fine and sound Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM and IRIS K^MP- FERI varieties from Japan, in fine condiiion ; 1000 Standard, Half-Standard, and Dwa-f ROSES cf the best sorts, from Enelish nurseries; CAMELLIAS. AZALEAS. AZALEA MOLLIS, PALMS, &c .from Belgium; Alrican TUBE KOSES, 3000 cr'jwns LILY of the VALLEY, an assortment ot hardy Englivh grown LI LI ES and BU LBS, GLADIOLI, DAHLIAS, BEGONIAS. GLOXINIAS. &c. On view morning of Sate, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next —To the Trade. 6000 LILIUM AURATUM. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms 67 and 68. Cheapside. EC., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, 6000 exceedingly fine Bulbs, just received from Japan. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next.— Mexican Orchids. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. G. Marriott to SELL by AUCTION, at their Cet.iral Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheap- side, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, March 13, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the finest import^ttion of MEXICAN ORCHIDS that has ever reached this country, consisuitg of a fraud lot of Epidendrum vitellinum majus, E. Paikinsonianum, ;. nemorale m.ijus ; Cattleya citrina. fine masses and extra large bulbs ; Odontoglossum maculatum, O, Rossi majus, O. cordatum ; Oncidium suave ; Lsclia anceps, L. albida, L. majatis, &c. ; also a few ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including Cattleya Skinneri alba, Cypripedium vcxillarium, Odontoglossum polyxanthum, Dendrobium Huttoti, together with a Urge quantity of Orchids in Sower. On view morning of Salt* and CatalogUM had. Cattleya Trianse alba Wallisi gigas Mend el ii Eldorado Skinneri Clapham Common. S.W. ORCHIDS and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Wood- lands, Nightingale Lane. Clapham Common, S.W., five minutes* walk from Wandsworth Common Station, London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway, on WEDNESDAY. March 18. at 1 o'clock precisely, by order of F. Williams, Esq. (the freehold estate having been so'd for building), a small but well-grown colleciion of ESTABLISHED tjRCHlDS, the whole of the choice STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS-Crotons, Euchaiis. Orange Tree?, Camellias and Azaleas, including seveial extra fine plants : Palms, Ferns. &c. Also th« GAR- DEN UTENSILS. MOWING-MACHINE, GARDEN FRAMES. VASES, GARDEN SEATS, 100 Iron HURDLES, and numerous effects. On view day prior and morning of Sale. Catalogues had of the Gaidener. on the Premises; or of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E C. Important Unreserved Sale of the Sugnall Hall COLLECTION of ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from Walter Williams, Esq , to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 63. Cheapside, London. E.C, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, March 24 and 25, at half-past 12 o'CIock pre- cisely each day, this VALUABLE COLLECriON, which has been got toge her with great care dining the last dozen years from the oldest established collections in the country, including types not latterly imported, embracing a large number of speci- ni-n Cattleyas, the whole in robust health, including : — Cattleya Mossize, beautiful old type ; six grand specimens ,, Warneri ,, Waiscewiczi delicata ,, superba [ing) ,, l.:ibiaia (autumn-flower- Also Trichocentrum albo-purpureum, Angraecum ebumeum, Sobralia macrantha, Epidendrum prismatocarpum, Oncidium mvanthes barbatum, Oncidium amptiatum majus, several Odontoglossumi, Dendrobiums, Oncidiums. &c. 'Ihe whole of the Collection will be Sjld. and no plants will be disposed of prior to the Auction. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. Orchids In Flower.-Special Sale. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg to announce that their next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS, in Flower and in Bud, will take p'ace on TUESDAY, March 31, and they will be glad to receive nottce of entries as early as possible. The First Portion of the Valuable Collection of Specimen STOVE and GREEN HOUSE PLANTS, the pro^ieriy of MR. E. TUDGEY, Exotic Nurseries, Waltham Cross, -wih be offered by AUCTION on March 10. on the Premises ; also autumn-flowering Hard- wonded HEATHS, PALMS in 4-inch pots, and about 1000 PTEKIS SERRULATA in 4inch pots. Also two Exhibition Plant VANS in good repair. Catalogues to be had on application to E. TUDGEY. TO BE DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE and RETAIL SFED BUSINESS. A splendid going concern. One of the finest in existence, doing a large and profitable trade. An unusual opportunity. Apply (by letter only) to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. rro BE DISPOiiED OF, a good FLORIST, -L SEED, and JOBBING BU&INESS, in a main thoroughfare about 7 miles from London. Ail in thorough working order. Address B,, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. Wood Green. FOR IMMEDIATE SALE, at a low price, the LEASE of the LORDaHlP NURSERY, which comprises sboat an Acre ot Land, Brick-built Residence and ^tables, eleven Greenhouses, all heated by hot water and in capital woiking order. Apply to PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Chea|>* sidf. London, E.C. To Nurserymen. Florists, Gardeners, and Othera FLORIST'S BUSINESS. FOR SALE, by Private Treaty, as a going concern, all that well known and remunerative FREE- HOLD BUSINESS PREMISES, called Guildford Street Nurseries, within two minutes' walk of the Barton Railway Station, Hereford, the property of Uriah Hain, Flonst, who is ielinqui:-hing business on account of declining years. The Propeity cumprists a modern and substantially brick-built Resi- dence, called Blenheim House, with several Perches of Free- hold Garden Ground, a number of Span-ruof and Lean*to Glass Houses, with Hot-water and other Heating Apparatus, Hot and Cold Pits, and Potting Sheds ; together with the Siock-in-Tiade, consisting of a well-grown and healihy lot of Bedding, miscel- laneous assortment ol useful Greenhouse and Hardy Outdoor Plants, in popular demand ; small collection of useful Nursery Stock, Horticultural Requisites, Tools, and absolute Goodwill. A splendid opportunity for an enterprising young manor gentle- man's gardener with small capiial desirous of rctirmg from service. One-half or so of purchase money can lemain on mort- gage if required. For further particulars, apply to OhO. H. BARLOW, Estate and Property Agent, Hereford. To Market Gardeners, Dealere, ftc. TO BE LET or SOLD, a HOUSE, COTTAGE and OUTBUILDINGS, suitable for the above, with about 3 Acres ot good Garden Ground, well stocked with Fruit Trees : aboui fii/e minutes' w»lk from a good maikct. Apply, A. CARVER. Hockliffo Street, Leighton Ruzxard, Beds. Important to Florists, Nurserymen. Market GROWERS and OTHERS. TO BE LET, on LEASE, or SOLD with possession, the valuable FREEHOLD ESTATE known as Osborn's Nursery, Suobury, Middlesex, comprising 17 Acres of excellent Land with Dwelling-house, Stabling, Sheds, and all the extensive range of modern and recently-erected Green- houses. The Estate having a frontage of n-^o feet to the high road, possesses a great prospective value for Building purposes. Full particulars majr be obtained of Messrs. PROTHKROK AND MORRIS, Auctioneers, 67 and 6B, Cbeapaide. E.C. March 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 299 To Grape Growers, &o. TO SELL or LET, a Capital FREEHOLD VILLA RESIDENCE, OFFICES, and about 2 Acres of LAND (gravel subsoil), situate at Atiieborough, Norfolk, near the railway, suitable for Erecting Vineries, Cucumber Houses. &c., and Market Gardening. Rare communication, being direct, and labour cheap. This presents a most desirable opportunity. For plans and particulars, apply to CHAS. BROTHERS, 15. Goodge Street, Tottenham Court Road, London, W. Essex. Half an hour's ride from London, in an important Market Town. TO BE LET, on LEASE, a compact NURSERY, w.th several Greenhouses, Seed Sh, p, and Dwelling-house. No block to take to. A capital cpintng lor an enterprising man. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside. EC Surrey, 37 miles from London, and wiih.n ea-y distance of two important Towns. To CUT FLOWER and FRUIT GROWERS and FLORISTS. fyO BE LET, on LEASE, a compact and J- well established NUR'^ERY comprising 5 Acres of Land, 7 well-built GREENHOUSESfuUy Stocked. oetached Cottage, and Sheds. Lease 19I4 years. Rent only £,^0. Price for St ck, including three Houses full of Roses, and Lease, only Apply to PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 6S Cheap- side, London, E C '•p O L E T, from March 25 next, THE X NURSERIES, Mill Hill, ne,>r Hendon, Middlesex, late in the occupation of Mr. James Wright. There is a fair amount i f Stock &c , which would be offered on easy terms to a respectable Tenant. There is a cottage and about 5 Aaes of Land. Application for terms, &c., to be made to C. DRUMMOND, Estate Agent, Hertlord, Herts. JOHN KENNARD'S Horticultural bUNrRias, Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Pottery Depot. Catalogue post-'ree of every Horiicultural Requisite. Swan Place. Old Kent Road. S E. Established 1S54. To Landed Proprietors, ftc. AMcINTYKE (late of Victoria Park) is • now at libe-ty to undertake the FORMATION and PLANTING of NEW GARDEN and PARK GROUNDS and REMODELLING existing GARDENS. Plans prepir.d. I'S, Listria Park, S'amforri Hill. N. THARPHAM, Practical Rock Builder • and Genbral Horiicultural Decorator (fur many years leading hand with Dick R4dcl>ffe & Co.. London), ro7 Church Street. Edgware Road, London. W. Fifty Nurseries. Market Gardens. Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G. C:iUINEA BOX of SPECIALTIES.— V-« We apatn offer a choice Collection of CARNAVIONS and olher POPULAR PLANTS, package and caniage fiee, lor One Guiaca, coD>isting of Six Pairs each choice Show Car- naiioni, Picote*, and Pinks to name ; twelve true old Crimson Cloves, twelve border Carnations, twelve Pyrethrums, double, named ; twelve Show and Fancy Dahlias (dry roots). Half the above, iij. ISAAC RRUNNTNG and CO , Great Yarmouth Nurseries. OSES. — The finest Show and Decorative varieties, strong, robust, hardily grown plants, from 5^ per dozen. 35^. per 100 and upwaids. Standards, from lis. per dozen, g>j. per 100 and upwards. Many thousand^) to select from. JAMES DICKSON & SONS, "Newton" Nurseries, Chester. To the Trade. MANGEL WUkZEL and lURNIP SEEDS. TT AND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced J — ^* LIST of the above-uamtd Seeds is now ready, and may be had on application. It compriics all the very linest ; vaneties of 1884 growth. I Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. ! New Kidney Potato. "piRD'S DOCTOR BOB. — This is the -L' earliest Kidney variety in existence ; a very heavy I cropper, as many as sixty tubers of all sizes have been counted at a root- Ii is a seedling from Early King. After a trial of several years it has never taken disease. Eyes very shallow ; a good co'>ker, and fine flav mr. %s. per stone. JAMES BIRD, American Nurseries. Downham Market. (^ARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and PlNKS] i Vx —Having a large stock of strong, finely rooted plants of I the above, we bee to offer them at the following low prices :— I Choice Show CARNATIONS and PICO PEES, to name, our ; selection, laj. per dozen pairs; purchaser's selection, 15^, to \i.s ditto. PINKS, Show varieties, our selection, 1^. 6d. to 6s. perdoien pairs. Old Crimson CLOVES (Tiuc). li. per dozen. Mixed CARNATIONS, for borders. 31. per dozen. PYRE- THRUMS, choice Diiible varieties, 3J. per dozen. Carnage and package free for c-s-h with oider. ISAAC BRUNNING and CO.. Great Yarmouth Nurseries. Wholesale List of Vegetable seeds. , XT AND F. SHARPE will be pleased to ■ -*-J;-» (or\sard their WHOLESALE LIST of Home Grown I VEGETABLE StEDS to those who have not yet received it. It comprises all the best varieties in cultivation, aiid the quality ol the seeds is exceptionally good Seed Growing Esiabli-hment, Wisbech. Rhododendrons.— Rhododendrons. JOHN STANDiSH and CO. have to offer ^„«™^y thousands fine bushy Plants of PONTICUM RHODODENDRONS, exceedingly well grown and well- rooted, from I to 2K feet in height, suitable for covert planting, 9 to 12 inches, at 3of per too ; la to 15 inches, 421. ter 100; i3 to 24 inch«-, 55t. per 100 ; 24 to 30 inches, 751. per 100. HYBRID PONTICUM RHODuDENDKONS. a to 2^ *e«t, jt5 per 100. Choice named varieties, 1% to 2 feet, with flower-buds, 27>. p-r doren, £10 per 100. Royal Nur; cries, Ascot. R SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist and Skrdsman, prospect House, Helper, Deiby^hirc. begs to inform the readers of the Gardtnera' Chronicle that he is pre- Kared to execute orders for the following plants, all of which ave been grown on the Deibyshire hills, and are very hardy and strong stocky plants, and sure to succeed well. They are of the very finest strains th.-»t money can buy. They are carriage free fur cash with order. Descriptive CATALOGUE of Florists' Flowers free. Esiab'ibhed a6 \ears. PANSIES a SPECIALTY. — Probably the best collection in England. The cream only of the most noted raisers. '1 he latest new sorts, and the winners at all the g'eat jhows. Gi>od plants ctinectly named. Show or K.iiicy. 13 lor 3J ; 35 for ^s. td. \ ico varieties for ^.s Postal Orders. BEAUTIFUL WHITE POLYANTHUS. — Strong Plants, full of Bloom-buds, la for \s. 6J., 8 for IS. pARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES. V^ r-Vellow. Pink, Scarlet, Dark Red. Pure White. &c., beautifully Mriped, Spotted, and Selfs, 12 named varieties, all strong layers for 41. (CANTERBURY BELLS.-Unrivalled Col- V.^ lection, grand new Colours Double and Single Tele- scop's. Candelabra, and olher new forms, 12 for is.; 12 extra strong for ts. td. Postal Ofders. Carnations" and picotees. — The new French Perpetua', a really grand new strain, m ist beautiful colours, twelve varieties, strong plants, to bloom well, for 2J., 6 for IS. id. ; 12 extra strong for 25. 6d. AURICULAS (Alpines). — Fine large ■*^*- Trusses and Blooms, most beautiful colours, strong Plants, to bloom well, 12 for 2S. ; 12 extra strong tor 3J Postal Orders. A URICULAS. — The old-fashioned Single -i^l- Yellow. Most delicicusly scented. Soon bloum. 11 strong plants for 2s. 6d., 6 for js. 6rf. pOLYANTHUS.— The fin^^strain grown; -■- fine large Trusses and Blooms, and splendid Colours 12 for 1 J., 35 for Ii. gd. DEAUTIFUL PURE WHITE GARDEN J—' PINKS, deliciously Scented.— Good strong Plants, to bloom well, la for is. ; 25 for is. gd. /^ARNATION.— The new German Scarlet v./ Grenadin, a really tine decorative variety, early and free bloomer. Twelve strung plants, to bloom well, for as., 6 for IS. 2d. ; 12 extra strong for 3J. td. 0"OLLYHOCKS of dialer's very finest and J~ J. most select strata, 12 vaiieties for ss. 6d.; 6 for is. 6d • 6 extra stror g for 2S. Postal Order. "P\AISIES.— A fine Collection, three plants -*--' each of six distinct sorts, named, for i.r. ; Earl of Beaconsfield, the grand New Scotch Dark Daisy, 2 for ij. pARNATIONS and PICOTEES (Seedlin?), V--' Irom Carter's celebrated slrain. All Colours. Siring plants, to bloom, 12 for ir. 2i., 24 for aj., 12 extra strong for ir, 6J. "POXGLOVES, Dean's grand new spotted rOXGLOVES, Dean's ntw Golden, very extra, 12 for 2j. WALLFLOWERS.— The Covent Garden ' ' Daik, the Double German Dark, Cloth of Gold, all fine stocky plants, 12 for 1 j. OTRAWBERRY PLANTS, all Selected.- Di '-'■'>"■"■ transplanted, warranted to Fruit well this Year • Black Prince Improved, as early, as prolific, and much larger than the old sort ; Brown's Wonder. Alpha, Keens' Seedling, Exquisite, Early Crimson, Pine, and others, 100 for 31. (^ELERY, FISHER'S No. i.— New Pink. V.^ Warranted the largest, earliest, and best-flavoured Celery grown. .Seed Packets, ir. SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist and Seedsman, Prospect Hou e. Belper. ARBOR-VIT/E, American, 2-yr., 2$s. per tooo Chi.ie--e ARBOR.VITA;, i yr., fine, lot. per tooo. SWEEr BrtY. 8 10 9 inche-, transphnieH. 101. per 100 BOX, 'I'ree, 4 inches, r^or per 1000 GOLDEN JAPAN Box, transplar.Ied, 12s. per ix). COIONEASTER MICRO- PHYLLA, 6to Sinches, 4ot per 1003. CLEMATIS FLAM- MUL.4, I and 2 VI., 201. iier icoo- CLEMATIS VITALBA 2-yr., 20. per rooo. LUPRESSUS MACROCARPA, i-yr , transplanted, 6o^ 1000. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 4 to 6 inches, 5or. per 1000. LAUREI , Colchic, i yr., 305. per 1000. Portugal LAUREt , i-yr., 251 per icoo. PIMJS INSIGNIS I Vr , fine, 4t. per too PIN LIS EXCtLSA, 2 yr., aj. per 100' PICEA NORDMANNIANA, i-yr., 4s. per .03. KETINol SPORA PLUMOSA, 6 to 8 inches, loi. per 103 ; R. SRUAR- ROSA, 6 inches, 105. per 1:0 THUIA TARTARIC*, 6 to 8 inches, transplanted, lot. per ico THUIA COMPACTA 8 inches, 8j. per 100 THUIA L0KBII,9 to 12 inches, 80s, per 1000. THUIOPJIS DOLABRATA, S to 8 inches. 12 j. per ICO English VEW, 2-yr., 3or. per loco ; 2-yr., transplanted, 5or. per looo. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer, N. B. New Plants Sent Oat by EP Y N A E R T, Ghent. • DAHLIAS, Prof. Burvenich. 31. M. DIANTHUS. President Greig, v 6J. PENTSTEMON. lol. aig. var!, 3r. 6d. BPGONIA OLBIA, 21. (,d. AZALEA INDICA, Chr. Pynaert, 7J. &/. Coloured Plates and Descriptions will be sent free on application. Forcing Asparagus. ■p AND G. NEAL beg to offer the above J-^» by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans- planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also beg to call thealtention of Nurserymen. Builders, and others tc their excep ionally fine stock 01 FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUbS. The INursenes, Wandsworth Common, S.W, RHUBARB (clearance, land sold). — Linnaeus, Prince Albert, Defiance, 2r. 6d. per dozen, i8r. per ico FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Seed Growers, Norwich. ASPARAGUS, grand Roots for Forcing, 2S. per dozen. \2S 6d. per ico ; strong, for planting, 2S. 6d. per 100. SEAKALE, forcing, si. 6^. per dozen, i6s. per loo; planting, is. per dozen, 12s. 6d. per 100. RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester, T H Seed Fotatos. TOSIAH H. BA O York Street, Borough Mailcet, S.E., Offers the fodowiug varieties of SEED POTATOS :~ Rivers' Royal Ashleaf. Myatt's Prulific Abhieaf. While Elephant. Beauty o( Hebron. Sno* flake. Schoolmaster, Early Kose. Magnum Bonum. Forty fold. Sci>t(h Regent. York Regent. Patc'son's Victoria. Kcdskin Flourbali. Reading Hero. Da'tnahoy. Early Don. And other leading varieties. Prices on application. A SPARAGUS.— True Giant, 2, 3, and 4-yr. Fine sample lOO or icoo, with price, on application. James bird. Nurseryman. Downham. ANTHONY WATERER has to offer : — BIRCH. 3, 4 and s leeL SPRUCE, 2, per ounce, 41. ,, ,, 12 di-tmct colours, each ico seeds, lod. P^ONY PYRAMIDE, m xed. per lb., 6jj. ; per ounce, 4^. 6^/. , ,, Separate colours, per ounce. 5^. ,, ,. 12 distiDCC colours, each ico seeds, ir. 6a. VICTORIA, extra fine, mixed, per lb., 6jj. ; per ounce, 41. 6d. ,, Separate colours, per ounce, <,s. ,, 12 distinct colour?, each iod seeds, 4r. 6/ 6ALSAUS. CAMELLI.VFLOWERED. double, extra fine, mixed, per lb., 35J ; per ounce, 35. ; separats colours, per ounce, 41. ; eight distinct colours, each 100 seeds, is. ROSE-FLOWERED. extra, mixed, per lb., 35s. ; per ounce, 3^. : separate colours, per ounce, 4;, ; eight distinct colours, each 100 seeds, is. STOCKS. GERMAN TEN-WEEK, large flowered, extra, mixed, per lb. , 8or. ; per ounce, 6s. ; separate colours, per ounce, js. ; Iwemy distinct colours each 100 seeds, 3J. „ INTERMEDIATE, mixed, extra fine, per ounce, lar. „ WINTER or BROMPToN, mixed, per ounce, los. The seed of Stocks offered here is harvested from plants culti- vated in pois. Seed harvested from the grounds, likewise very good, is about 2i per cent, lower in price. WALL FLO WE RS EXTRA DOUBLE TALL, or DWARF, mixed, 6s. per ounce ; separate colours, js. 6d. oei ounce. ,, DWARF, Single, mixed. 4J. per lb., 6d. per ounce. ,, ,, ,, Separate colouis, 7s. per lb., is. per ounce. All my Seeds have been selected wiih the utmost care and attention, and 1 have great pleasure in recommending them to your notice. BEANS FI-AOEOLET. Blood-red. 25^. per cwt. DWARF I-RENCH.long, early, Yellow, for forcing, a4J. p. cwt. ,, S'lffar Pearl, 3^j. per cwr. SCARLET RUNNERS, 251. per cwt. All other VEGEIABLE and FLOWER SEEDS in best quality and at h'jw Pncei^. LILY of ttie VaLLEY, strong flowering pips, ttue Berlin sort, prices on application. All orders should be addressed to Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 23, Savage Gardens, London, E.C. RARE OPPORTUNITY. — The Sub- scnber, having an extra itock of i-yr. 2-yr. and 2-yr. i-yr. TRUE NATIVE SCOTCH FIR, splendid stuff, he is pre- pared to offer ihem to the Trade as under, to effect a speedy clearance : -Per loao. 31. 6d. ; per so.coo, ;^8 ; ptr 100,0:0, ;fiis. Samples free on apt.ltcation to EDWARD Wl ,EMAN, Nurseryman, Elgin, N.B. MR. DODWELL'S GRAND CARNA- TIONS. The finest grown. Two thousand Plants, including five sets nf his Seedlings of last autumn, to be SOLD, for the BENEFIT of the Prize Fund of the OXFORD UNION CARNATION AND PICOTEE SOCIETY. Special terms to the Trade. Par- ticulars on application. .Address HEAD GARDENER, The Cottage, Stanley Road, Oxford. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 1884-5.— Our Descriptive Priced LIST is now ready, and can be had free on application to T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries. Kingston-on-Thames. Tuberous Begonias. ROWEN offers his magnificent straiiit the • result of "many years' selection and hybridi.iiiig. Tubers selected when in btoom. In colours or mixed, single, 3J. 6d. to loj' 6d. per dozen; double (warranted double) 5^. to ais. per dozen. Seed, if. 6d. and 2s 6d. single. 21. 6d and ss. double. See BEGONIA LIST for cpinions of Horticultural Press, on application— one sump. The Floral Nurseries. Maidenhead. CUBE'S PERFECT MARROW PEA. Pronounced by competent judges to be the finest Pea ever eaten. Prizes of 30^. and 30s. per Forty Podswdl be given at the Royal HorticulturnI Society's Show in July. Sold in Half- Pint PacVets, post-free for Fifteen Penny Stamps. JOHN HOUSE, Eastgate Nurseries, PeteiborouRh. 300 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 7, 1885. ANTHONY WATERER Invites attention to the following LIST of well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY STOCK :— I many thousands. 4, and HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, 8 to> „ laurifolia, ditto. [10 feet lUKh. f, Uodgins't 3. 4> 5 to 8 feet. „ myrtifolia, ditto. „ Scottica, 3 to 8 feet. „ Yellow-berried, altaclarensc and others. „ Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5,6, 8 to loft.: „ Waierer's splendid planis, 3, 4. 5, and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet in circumference. „ Golden Queen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds ol beautiiul specimens, „ Ptrry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful heads, ten to fiiteen years' gruwih, hundreds. „ new Golden Weepiug, a large number of very beautiful plants. BOX. Green and Variegated. 3, 4, 5. 6 to 7 feet, many thousands. YEWS. Common, 3 4. 5. 6 to lo lect, thousands. ,, Golden, ot ail sues up (o 10 feet. We have many thousands as Pyramids. Globes, Standards, in puiiu nf variety 3nd size unt quailed. ,, Irish, e to 10 feet, hundreds, (^thousands. C^fi^^i:>uo tKfcClA VlKIDTS, 3, 4. 5- 6 to 8 leet, „ Lawsoniana Ijtea, 3, 4, and 5 ftet, hui-dreds of beautiful speciuicns. THUIOPSIS DULABRATA 3, 4. and 5 feet, hundreds. KHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4. 5.6, 7, 8, to 10 feet. The plants are covered with buds. AZALEAS. Hardy, the fircit varieties known, 2, 3, 5 feet high, thousands. JUNIPLRS, Chinese, 7. 8, and 10 feet high. ., Chinese Golden, 3 to 6 feet. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA GLAUCA. 3 to 5 feet. ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds. „ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feet, ihm-ands „ „ GLAUCA, 2104 feet, hundreds. ,, ORIENTALIS, 4. 5, 6 to 10 (ett, hundreds. „ HOOKEKIANA. 3 10 5 feet. „ PARRVANA GLAUCA. ij^ to 2 feet, hundreds. PICEA CONCOLOR. 2 (o 4 le**, liundreds. „ GRANDIS. 5 to 7 feel. „ LASIOCARHA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. „ MAGNIKICA. 2 103 lect, huid.eds. ,, NOBILIS. I H 103 leet, thousands. ,, NOBDMANNIANA, 6, 7. to 10 feet. ,, PINSAPO, 6 to 10 f^et. hundreds. „ PUNGENS, 1 \i to 2 feet, thousands. PiSUS CEMBRA 6 to 8 leet. CEDRUS DEOI>\RA. 6 to 9 feet, hundreds. „ LI BAN I (Cedar ul LeSarion) 3 to 5 Itet. THUIA OCCIlJKNTALlS LUIEA. 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. T HUiOPSIS BOREALIS. 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. KETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 310 6 feet, hundreds. „ PISIFERA AUREA (true), 3 to 6 feet. „ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet. Knap HUl Nursery. Woking Station, Surrey. UTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require description. Pnce ds. per bushel (u. extra per bushel for package), or td. per cake; free by Parcels Post, u. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON (Limited). Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Hieheate Nurseries. N. For Present Sowing. The earliest in cultivation, dwarf and com- pact in habit, head firm and pure white, and well protected by the foliage. It stands dry weather better than any other variety. Mr. GiLDERT says it turned out the heit o/all he grew last season. Mr. K. Stephenson, Thorganby Hall, savs :_■ Your 'Prei-ideot' Cauliflower is not only the earliest but the most useful I have ever grown ; we can plant it 3 or 4 inches closer ihan any other variety. The heads are very white and ccmpact. 1 have grown it ever since Jt came out : I recommend it to all my friends." Posl-'rec on receipt of postal order or stamps for \s. 6a, Martin's Prebldent Cauliflower Is. 6d. per packet. WILLIAM E. MARTIN, Feed Merchant, Hull. Specialties fori885. LLUSTRATED LIST Of Choice New Seeds for Gardeners and Amateurs. Sent free to all Customers. E. J. JARMAN, The People's Seedsman, CHABD, SOMERSETSHIRE. I PERNS A SPECIALTY. Bundreds of Tboasands of FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS, for Stove and Greenhouse Cuhivalion, and Outdoor Femerios. ABRIDGED CATALOGUE of over 1300 Species and Varieties free on application. LARGE CATALOGUE (Price 1b.), containing 75 Illustra- tions ot Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable " Hints on Fern Culture," and other useful and interesting information. W. & J. BIBKE N H E A D, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. BIDDLES & CO. THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE, Supply 3000 varieties of FLOWER SEEDS, in Packets, at One Penny each, including the choicest sorts, viz. : — Asters, Balsams, Calceolarias. Cyclamens, Pansies, Petunias, Phlo,x Drummondii, Primulas, Salvias, Stocks, Verbenas, &c. All seeds being of the best quality in small quantities, the packets must be regarded as economical, not cheap. We recommend our various collections of twelve varieties for \s. All kinds of VEGETABLE SEEDS, of best quality, by weight, and also in Penny Packets. Send for CATALOGUE, gratis (500 Illustrations). Save expense and buy a large selection in small packets. 50,000 GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS to be sold off at 5J. per 100 — grand bulbs. qaojio/ntbcci'-. carriage Purity &' Gei miration | of Seeds Guaranteed. EXPIRATION OF LEASE WANTED AN OFFER For Thousands or any Smaller Number : — locoo SPIR^.4 PALMATA. lo.coo Green HOLLIES. 10 000 ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA and others. lo.too RETINOSPORA AUREA and others. 10 000 Dwarf ROSES, 6nast kinds. 10 000 GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS. 10.000 MAHONIA (Be.beris) AQUIFOLIA. 10,000 ERICA CARNEA, and sorts. ACER NEGUNDOVARIEGATA, a few hundreds. Maden PEACHES, NECTARINES, and APRI- COTS, a few hundreds. Thousands of other Ih'ngs oo offer. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. FRUIT TREES. D. S. THOMSON & SONS Have to offer a fine st' ck of healthy and well rfowd Dwarf- trained PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, and PLUMS ; also D war f-tr .lined and Horizontal-trained APPLES and PEARS of ihe beat kinds. Strong 3-yr. old ASPARA- GUS, selected rooU. in large quantity. Seed POTATOS, Veitch's Improved Ashleaf and Magnum Bonum, carefully selected. Samples, with price, on avplicatioo. THE NURSERIES, WIMBLEDON. JOHN GRIGOR & GO,, NURSERIES, FORRES, N.B., Make the following extraordinai^ cheap offer ;^ NATIVE LAB.OH.— ij to 2, 2 to 3, and 3 to 4I feet : either size at los. 6d. per 1000. Nf/e. — These are all first-class stock in every respect. NATIVE SCOTCH FIB.— i-yr. seedlings and 2.yr. transplanted, very fine, at loj. 6d. per 1003. NORWAY SPRUCE.— 2-yr. seedlings and ayr. transplanted, fine, at 6s. per 1000. Samp 'cs ca?i be sent free by Post or otherivise if desired. ^Iso an iirmense General Stock. PRICES BY CORRESPONDENCE. NOVELTIES for 1885. Ay GLOXINIA GESNERIOIDES, //r>r-M A 1 u /^ / (Queen ol BcdOers), VERBENA hybV O/b. hjbrlda glgantea. coccinea / ^ /„ . . (r.\ „„„;„ / ^ / B semperaorena coccinea. loi. aureis / / / /ySy/ Petanla flmbrlata fl.-pl. / <^^/ iLidy ot the Lake). /v ^y' Prlmtila flmbrlata atroaangQlnea, /.dy/ riluslraled CATALOGUE foit-fru, /Cv>/jFrom HABE & HAUSSLEB, / 8ITTINGB0URNE. KENP. PRI M U LA, CRIMSON KING. The most e and brilliant deep crimson-scarlet colour, with the most handsome foliage. Per packet, 3^. td. and y, DANIELS BROS, Royal Norfolk Seed EstabllBluuent. NORWICH. WILD FLOWERS OF NORTH AMERICA. «r Our Moat Beslr.ible PERENNIAL PLANTS for Culllvatlon— SEEDS, ac jS4f Orchids, Ferns, Llie?, Aquatics, Alpine and Sub-Aipine Plants, Botanical and Common natnes given. Send for CATA- LOGUE. EDWARD OILLETT, Sninhwlck, Mas'., U.«.*. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES and ROSES. A large and select stock is n..w otTercd for sale. Tlu lUuslratcd and Diicriplire CA TALOGUE o/ FRUITS jpoU'/ree. The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. A SPECIALTY. Rhododendrons and other American Plants, Grown in Sandy Loam. A superb Collection of all the leading varieties in cultivation. Also thousands ot RHODODENDRON PONTICUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverts. A Sample Dozen of well-budded Planta of tlie best varletlea for 213. Larger Sizes, from 30s. to 42a. per dczen. Priced LISTS on application. JOHN CRANSTON, KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD. March 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 301 L ILIUM AURATUM.— Special Offer.— Another large consignment just to hand Splendid firm sound BULBS, 6 to 8 and 8 to lo inches in circumlcrence, sSj. and 35f. per lOO, 4^. and 6s. per dozen. Cheapest for L]uility ever offered. Samples twelve stamps. Please order quick'y. Messrs. MORLE and CO., z and 3, and 163A, Fenchurch Street, E.C EED POTATOS.— Special Offer.— Old Ash- leaf, ^s. \ Myatl'sand Rivers* ditto, 51.; White Elephant, ftf.; Early Rose, 51.; Magnum Bonum, 41.; Beauty of Hebron, 6s. \ Reading Hero, $s. per bushel. Less quantities, 3*/. p:r peck more : bags ^d. each All true and free on Rail. MORLE AND CO.. Child's Hill Farm, N.W : small quantities at, and letters to be addressed, i and a, Fenchurch iiireet, EC. HEATHS a SPECIALTY. — The finest Collection of HEATHS. AZALEAS, ard HARD- WOODED STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS genei- aUy in the country. An inspection solicited T. IACK.SON AND SON, Nurseries, KinESton-on-Thames THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan), Limited, have this season a grand stock of Grape Vines, suitable (or Fruiting in Pots and Planting in Vineries. CATALOGUES free on application. The Trade supplied. The Vineyard and Nurseries. Garston, Liverpool. GRAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant- ing Canes; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey. ASPARAGUS.— A large quantity to offer, of very fine transplanted stuff, 2-yr. and 3-yr. , 7j id and 3J. per 103, aoi. and 255 per 1000. Also a-yr. from diills, loj. per loco. All packages free on rail. S. BIDE, Alma Nursery, Famham, Surrey. ASPARAGUS.— Strong 2-yr. and 3-yr. Con- nover's Colossal, as. and 3*. 6d. per 100, 15J. and aoJ. per 1C03. Bags included. Special quotations for large quantities. E. QUINCEV. Fulney. Spalding. ASPARAGUS (clearance, land sold),— i-yr., IS : 3-yr., 3J. ; 3-yr-, ^s. ', Forcing, -js. per 100. Thou- sands at lower rates. FREEMAN and FREEMAN. Norwich. ASH, common, 2 to 3 feet, clean, lys. per looc. ELMS, ij^ to a feet, 14J. per 1000; a to 3 feet, 17J. per io3o; Eog''^^^. 3 feet, 95*. per loco. LARCH, 1410 24 inches. lai. 6d. per icoo ; a to 2J5 feet, i6j. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, i8j. per 1000 : 4 to 5 feet, 341. per ico3. SPRUCE FIR, I 10 \% foot, \7s per loco ; i)4 to a feet, 13*. per ico? ; «t0 2>4feet, bushy. i6j. per looo. bCOTCH FIR, atoaj^ and 3 feet, ifs- per loto. SILVER FIR. 4yr. trans- planted, 32* per ICOO. HAZEL, 2 to 3 feet, 20X. per 1000. OaKS, 18 to ao ibches. 161. per loco ; 2 feet, 30J per 10c o. PRIVET, Everereen. a feet, 15J. per 1000; i to \% foot. 12* per 1000 ; OVALI FOLIUM. 2 to i% feet, 301. per looa; Ovjl, 1 font, 20/. per looo. SVCAMORK, 1% to 2 feet, 14*. per 1000. THORNS. i>^ to 3 feet, 121. 6d. per icoo : a to 3^ feet. i6j. per jcoo; 3 to 3M f««t. i8j. per 10 o. APPLE, Crab, 2 yr. fine, 3*. per icoo. DOG ROSE, i-yr., fine, 6s. per 1000. MANETTI STOCKS, 2or. per loco. IVY, Irish, sironp, 60s per looo. HONEYSUCKLE, sempetvlrens. yellow, 25^. per 100 LAURELS, Common, 2-yr., fine, 22J. per 1000 bEA BUCKTHORN, 2 leet. aor. per 100. HYPERICUM CALYCINUM, I foot, los. per loo CATALOGUES on application to GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer NB. BULBS for SPRING PLANTING, of all soits. JAPANESE MAPLES, JAPANESE LILIES, choice Seeds of our own ^avipg ; choice New Zealand Seeds; NEW MAGNOLIAS, ZAMIAS from the Cape, Norih American Hardy Plants ; CALOCHORTI, FREESIAS, GLADIOLI, &c. Sec our Spring LIST, No. 72. just issued. NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Colchester. TUESDAY NEXT. L/ELIA ANCEPS SCHRODERIANA. NEW PURE WHITE L^ELIA ANCEPS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 5S, Cheapside, London, E.C, on TUESDAY, March 10, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a small but especially fine importation of L^LIA ANCEPS SCHRODERIANA, Kchb f , several great masses being among them. This is undoubtedly the finest white variety ever offered. The whole flower is very large and pure white, and entirely distinct from any of the white forms ; the throat is striped crimson, and the lip extra broad and square, and an inch across or even more. Mr. Edward Klaboch, who has collected every plant in flower, states that this variety is particularly rare, and that the flowers are of great substance, far surpassing anything he has seen. We consider it the finest white Laslia anceps ever introduced. Every plant received will be included in this Sale, and there are no more coming. Laelia anceps Schroderiana is described by Professor Reichenbach as follows : — " There are before me twenty-seven brilliant dried lips and a dried flower. The colours are purest white, the disc between lateral lacinias is orange, and the projecting keels running in the base of mid-lacinia are even deeper orange ; there are three to five crimson-purple longitudinal and several forked lines radiating outwards. So much for the colour. The complete flower would appear to surpass the dimensions of Ljelia anceps Dawsoni ; the petals seen are remarkably broad. The great merit of the plant consists in the lip, which is broad, with short, nearly rectangular, blunt side lacinis. The mid-lacinia is very broad, blunt, emarginate, and the lip is quite novel to me." " The result of the description would be that the value of this remarkable white flower is admirably enhanced by the beauty of the great square and flat lip. This very ornamental Orchid bears fitly the name of one of our most excellent orchidists. Baron Schroder, and it gives me great pleasure to attach the Baron's name to such a glorious Laelia." It is one of the most recent and most brilliant introductions of Mr. F. Sander. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. TUESDAY NEXT. L/ELIA ANCEPS STELLA. NEW WHITE ANCEPS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, March 10, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, an importation of L.CLIA ANCEPS STELLA (new white Anceps). Prof Reichenbach writes :— " The flowers are of the greatest of the tribe, stellate, pure white. The lip's side-lacinias are remarkably curved and broad in front, the long mid-laciniae is narrow at base, dilatate and marginate in front, disc of lip and base of mid-laciniae orange ; very numerous nerves both radiating outside as longitudinal ones, with a deep point of rich scarlet-purple that nearly forms a dark blotch each side in front. This is the great mark of distinction of Laslia anceps vestalis — it might be called Dawsoni or Sanderiana — but the anterior lacinije is half yellow and white in front ; it is decidedly a very brilliant flower, and the importation is in Mr. Sander's hands." The importation is in grand order, and enormous masses are among them. At the same time will be Sold a fine lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA and many other ODONTOGLOTS, and other ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. LOBELIA " EMPEROR WILLIAM."— 120,0:0 bushy plants, from cuttings, 2J. (ta. per loa, soj. per icoo, carraige paid for P.O.O , &c., payable tol The PLANT and BULB CO , Gravesend. Special Offer for Cash JOHN STANDISH and CO. beg to offer ihe under-mentioned finely grown and well-rooiedshrubs ; — LAUREL, caucasicum, 2 to -2% feef, y^s. per 100. ,, Common, 2 to 2J4 feet, aoi, per icx). HuLLY, Common, 1 to 2J4 feet, 42J. per 100. ,, G< Men and bitver, 2 to 2J4 'eet, 30J. per dozen. PKIVET, Oval lenved, 2to 3 fee-, -is. 6,/. p:r roo. HKRREKIS DARWINH, 2 to :i% feef, 251. per 100. YfcWS, English, 2 lo 1% feer, 50J per 100. AUCUBA, Green, 2 to aj^ feet, 631, per 100. LIMES, Standard, stout, 5 to 7 leet siem«, \Zs. per dozen. SPKUCF, fine stout stuff, 2 to 3 'ee', 401 pet 100 Royal Nurserie-', Ascut. ELEBRATED KERRY FERNS, 30 Plants, 12 varieties, ii eluding rare Tunbrldee Filmy. 31, free. FITZPEET, Ratl.anny, Tralee. Kerry. r" AING'S BEGONIA SEE D.— Li GOLD MF.DALSTRAtN.from our P.irePlants. Sealed packets. CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, \!. and 2J. fxL per packet ; 51 extra large packets. Double varietier, li.td. and ss. per packet. COLLECTIONS, 12 named vaiic- lies, separate, 71. fit/. ; ditto, 6 named varieties, separate, it, LAING AND CO.. Seedsmen, Forest Hill, S.E. ''PO EXHIBITORS.— A special cheap offer -L of very fine quarter and half-Specimen Hard-wooded ERICAS, APHKLEXIS, CROTONS, PANCRATIUMS also two LATANIA BORBONICAS (very large specimens), all in first-rate condition, from one of the finest collections in the North of England. For Liit of varieties, prices, &c., at ply 10 CALDWELL and SONS, Nurserymen. Knutsford, Cheshire. VEITCH'S IMPROVED ASHLEAF KIDNEY POTATO 3.— True stock, grown for seed. P. ice per cwt. or ton on application. ROBERT VEITCH and SON, Exeter. TO THE TRADE. — Dwarf Maiden FRUIT TREES. PEACHES. NECTARINES, and APRICOTS, 30s and 4cJ per too : GRAPE VINES, ii.t and ^is. per dozen ; BRUSSELS STOCKS, trimmed for quarter- ing, 45J. per 1000. Terms monthly. WILL TAVLER, Osborne Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. FECIAL OFFER. ASPARAGUS ROOTS, strong, two years in drills, is. id, per rco. lox. per 1000. CURRANTS, white, strong, 8j. per too. 6of- per 1000. BROOM, common, one year in drills, 2r. td, per 1000. GORSE or FURZE, common, i-yr., 2^. td, per 1000. „ ,, 2-yr., 4r. per roco. CABBAGE PLANTS, Drumhead Ox, 2/. td per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery. Norlhampton. Plants In Flower and Bud. HUGH LOW AND CO, offer of fine quality : — AZ\LEA INDICA, double white, \s. 6d. and 21. erf. each. ., ,, in variety, rr. kd.. 2r., 2j- dd,, 31. 6rf., 5J. each. CRASSULA JASMINEA, white, dehdously fragrant, t.!. id. each. CYCLAMENS, 9-f.. ri. each. DEUTZIA GRACILIS, u. each. ERICA MELANTHERA, u. 6d„ 2J. 6d. each. GENISTAS, ir., tj. W each. LAURUSTINUS. French white, is. id., is. each. PELARGONIUM, Zonal, single and double, id. each. ROSE PAQUERETTE. white. <)d., ij. each. Clapton Nurseiy, London, E. Gardenias.— Gardenias. JOHN STANDISH AND CO. have to ofl'er a splendid lot of GARDENIA PLANTS, clear, bushy, and well set, at the undermentioned prices lor Ca^h with order : — In 5-ioch pots, iSf. per dozen; in 6-inch pots, 271. per dozen ; in 6-inch pots, 40c. per dozen. Royal Nurseries, Ascot. HollyliockB.— Hollyhocks. CATALOGUE containing a splendid collec- tion of finest named Hollyhocks, all fully described and priced, also probably the largest, most select, and best collec- tions of all other Florists' Flowers, Perennials, &c., ever brought together, is now ready, and will be posted on application. It consi-sts of eighty pages of closely printed matter, and forms a vrry handy reference liook on flowers, which should be in the hands of all who cultivate a Garden or Greenhouse. JOHN FORBES, Nurseryman, Hawick, N.B. BIES DOUGLASII, ij to 2 feet, 25J. per roo : 2 to »K feet. 33r. per loo ; 3 to 4 feet, 6&r. per 100; by the thousand, finely finished and rooted. ARAU- CARTA IMBRICATA, 18 to 20 inches, 241. per dozen : Ho M feet, its. per dozen ; each size by the thousand. CEDRUS DEODARA, 4 to s feet, 301. per dozen. CRYPTOMKRIA ELEGANS. 1 to 1% feet, 601. per 100. CUPRESSUS LAWSONII, 2^ to 3 feet, 6oj. per too; C. GRACILIS distinct, zj^ foot, xts. per dozen : C. STRICTA, 2 to 2"^ feet, the finest upright. \is. per dozen; C. FUNEBRIS, scarca iK foot, t5i. per dozen. PICEA NOBILIS. 3 to 4 feet, 6o«. per dozen ; P. NORDMAMNIANA, r foot, fine, 501. per lOo ik to 3 feet. rsj. per dozen ; 6 feet, extra, 84s. per dozen. PINUS EXCELSA, 3 feet, &t- per dozen : P. INSIGNIS. r foot, 30*. per 100 ; 6 to 8 inches, i6r. per ico. THUIA LOBBII, 10 to IS inches : special by the rooo, the best substitute for Larch. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, I to 4 feet, each size in thousands. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer, N.B. AHLIA TUBERS.— A large quantity of pot Roots in fine condition, in all the leading varieties, including Shows, Fancies, Cactus, Pompons, and Singles. DESCRIPTIVE PRICE LIST on application to THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, Middlesex. Imantopbyllum (CUvta). EH. KRELAGE AND SON, Haarlem, • Holland, have at present a fine stock for sale of IMANTOPHYLLUM MINIATUM.the genuine species, as well as of the best and newest hybrids and varieties. These splendid Decorative Plants become more and more jreneral favourites, and cannot be recommended too much. Special offers will be sent on application. 302 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. (.March 7, 1885. SEED POTATOS Sejid for Descriptive Catalogue OF NEARLY ALL THE BEST AND NEWEST VARIETIES IN COMMERCE, EITHER FOR EXHIBITION PURPOSES, OR FOR GARDEN OR FIELD CULTIVATION. LIBERAL TERMS to TRADE BUYERS. JOHN WATKINS, Fruit and Potato Grower, POMONA FARM, WITHINGTON, HEREFORD. SEEDS, VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM, Carefully Selected^ AND FROM WHICH MAV BE EXPECTED THE BEST RESULTS EVER VET ATTAINED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS and NURSERYMEN, WORCESTER. ONION. "CRANSTON'S EXCELSIOR." (eiRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE.) The finest variety in cultivation, either for exhibition or profitable crop. 13. per packet. TOMATO. "CRANSTON'S GIANT." Early, enormously prolific, and of strong, vigor- ous growth. A new variety, of exquisite flavour. Is per packet. DAHLIA SEED, SINGLE-FLOWERED. Containing the pick of all recent introductions. Collection of 35 choice named vars ^. od. It II " n » •• •• 2J. 6tf. M „ 6 M » ■• -* !*■ 6'/. Packets of mixed colours, 6d. and is. CRANSTON'S NURSERY &. SEED CO. (LIMITED), HEREFORD. NEW SPRING CATALOGUES. The following CATALOGUES are now ready, and may be had upon application : — HABDY PERENNIALS, ILLUSTRATED. Thoroughly revised, contains many Plants not pre- viously offered, and include: nothing but really/ri/-<:/wer5 delicate sulphur- yellovr, abundant bloomer. First-class for cutting, and should be grown freely wherever cut flowers are in demand. 9^ each, ^s. per dozen. Carriage free. DANIELS BROS., The Town Close Nurseries, Norwich. Vecetable&FlowerSeeds Seed Potatos.Tools&c Best QuALiorr' Vammmgie Erujs. JAMESDICKSON&SONS ^EED- GROWERS. "^ IOSEastgateSt. EXPIRATION OF LEASE. SEVEN ACRES OF NURSERY, containing a VALUABLE STOCK, continues to be offered at a nominal price. The lease cannot tje renewed See CHARLES NOBLE'S full Advertisement, Gardtntrz' Ckronkle, February a8 and March 14, Orctilds a Specialty. The stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such mafniitude that, without seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception of its unpiecedented extent. HUGH LOW & CO. very cordially and respectfully solicit aji inspection by all lovers of this interesting and beautiful class of plants, whether purchasers or not. CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E. CALADIUMS. SUPERB COLLECTION. Fine bulbs. Post free, is dis- t'nct and beautiful varieties, 6x. and \is.\ la choice and rare vatieties, 211.; la new and goIden*leaved Tarieiies, 43J. ; 50, choice collection, 50 varieties, 63J. ACHIMENES. — iz distinct varieties, if. 6rf.; t3do.,3corms of each 41.; la do , 6 corms of each, ^s.\ la fur exhibition, 12 cormsofcach, 15^.; 100 corms in ^o vaiieties, 3m.; loocotmsin as varieties, 15J. GESNERAS.— la varieties, 51. GLOXINIA.— la strong bulbs. 61.; la rare and beautiful, selected for exhibition, loi. td. and aii. BEGONIAS.— Strong bulbs, beautiful collection, aix. ; is unnamed, from choice strain, fa., gs. E. G. HENDERSON & SON, PlNRAPPLE NURSERV, MaIDA VaLE. LoNDON, N.W. SEEDS. -SEEDS—SEEDS. CHARLES TURNE R'S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of New and Select Varieties of every Class of Seeds for the Garden, is now ready. THE ROYAL NURSERIES. SLOUGH. S U R P L US STO C K. ROSES. Standard and Dwarf Hybrid Perpetuals, Bourbons, Tea-scented, &c., in upwards of 200 varieties, all fine plants, to be sold at very low prices. Special quotations will be given and CATALOGUE sent on application. Cranston's Nursery &, Seed Co. (LIMITED), KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD. N.B -All the best of the NEW COMTINENTAL and ENG- LISH ROSES will be ready in Strong Plants early in April. PRIMROSES-PRIMROSES. DOUBLE. White, ss. per dozen, m. per loo, „ Yellow, eaily, 4*. per dozen, 30^. per too, ,, Yellow, late, ai. per dozcD, lai. per 100. ,, Lilac, w- per dozen, us. per 100. ,, Fed, 4^. per dozen, 301, per 100. ,, Purple, 6s. per dizen. ,, ,, Crimson, 6*. per dozen, ,, Crimson. iSs. per dozen, ,, Croussi, i8.r. per dozen. „ Cloth of Gold, i&r. per dozen. ,, Blush. 91 per dozen. ,, platypetala, 6s. per dozen. Single, white (Purity). IS. per dozen, 6x. per 100. ,, Yellow, \s. per dozen, 6s per 100. „ Hose-in-Hose, 9s. per dozen. POLYANTHUS. GOLD-LACED, named varieties. 9;. to 18/. per dozen. .. Border varieties, u per dozen. 6s. per ico. CCERULEA, O d Blue, gs per dozen. HoSK-IN-HOSE, in vanely, 2s. per dozen, n*. per 100. DOUBl E BLACK, Theodore Rex. 9/. per dozen. ,, Gold-edged, new, 17s. per dozen. JACK IN THE GREEN, oj. per dozen. GIANT, Yellow and White, 6u per dozen. AURICULAS. ALPINE, named varieties, 6t. to laj. per dozen. ,, mixed. 6s per doien. BORDER SdRTS, Yellow and Puiple, u. perdoz., 6j per 100. GREEN EDGED and WHITE KDGED, 3*. per dozen, 10*. per 1 00. PURE WHITE (P. nivallO. 3*- P" dozen, 30s. per 100. LARGE DARK PURPLE, 6s. per dozen. GRAND TURK, black with white centre, beautifully fringed, iSj, per dozen. DOUBLE YELLOW. 18s. per dozen. DOUBLE BLACK (Othello', 30J. per dozen. I PRIMULA DENTICULATA, 6j. per dozen. ,, FAKINOSA. 91. perdcixtn. ,, JAPONICA, 9*. pet dozen, i+r. per loo. , ., Al.HA, 6/. per di'ien. „ MUNROI, 6j. per dozen. ,, PULCHERRIMA. 6j. per dozen. „ ROSEA, 6s. per dozen. ,, SIEBOllnil. of sorts. 3S. per dozen, sti. per lOo. SPECTABILIS, 61. pir dozen. „ VISCOSA, 6s. per dozen. Delivered free to any address in the kingdom for cash with order. When ordets aie not piepaid, carriage and package will be charged on. MORRISON NURSERIES, BROTHERS, ABERDEEN. March 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 303 CowAN's Patent Orchid Pottery. We are now Booking Orders for this Pottery, which consists of POTS, PANS. BASKETS and CYLINDERS, in various designs, specially adapted for Orchids of all kinds. Illuatralid CIRCULARS, mi h pricis and alt f.irlkulars, /rt e on appt t\ atwfi. ORCHI DS. We have just received a fine importation of EAST INDIAN ORCHIDS, in fine con- dition, consisting principally of splendid masses of Dendrobium Dalhousianum, suavissimum, Parishii, albo sanguineum ; and Saccolabium giganteum, Aerides rosea, crassifolia, &c. List with prices and full particulars on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (lOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, QARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. GowAN's Vine & Plant Manure. Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. {JOHN COWAN), Limited, And sold by them and all Nurserymen and Seedsmen. IMPORTANT NOTICE. Having nude and sold ihis Manure under the Name of THOMSONS VINE AND PLANT MANURE. for the past three years, we nre nrw making and selling it under the name of COWAN'S VINE and PLANT MANURE, and »c Ruaranlee that the hich charac'er wh'ch this Manure attained under ihe former name >hall be maintained under the present one. Every ingredient in it is of the best quality, as experience will coulinue to prove. See that all Ba£-s and Tins bear cur Registered Trade Mark. Bags containing : — Tins containing : — I cwt. % cwr. y^ cwt. \ cwt. I 7 lb. aj^ lb. 18s. 9s. 6d. 68. 3s. I 2s. 6d. Is. Quantities of i ton and upwards sent carriage free. Circulars, with full particttlars, on application. Prices to the Trade on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GAKSTON, near LIVERPOOL. Vegetable Seeds, I of 'he Best Quauty, ' > and at Moderate Prices. Flower Seeds, \ A And other Choice FLOWER SKEDS, A Specialty. CINERARIA, CALCEOLARIA, PRIMULA, CATALOG UES free on apflication. All Seeds Carriage Fiee. A Di-couot of s per Cent, for Cash SEED WAREHOUSE:- 39, BOLD STREET, LIVERPOOL. GRAPE VINES.— The Company have still a fine Stock of Fruiliiig and Pointing Cane;. TEA ROSES. — A fine Stock still on hand, suitable for immediate Forcing. FERNS. — An immense Stock of Adiantum, Pteris, and other useful Fern;. — Prices and particulars on application. ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS.— The Company have a fine Slock of Oinameiilai Trees and Shrubs suitable for Pleasure Grounds, Public Parks, &c. CATALOGUES jrce. The Trade supplied. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. THE FRUIT OF THE FUTURE. NEW MAGNIFICENT BLACKBERRY, "THE WILSON JUNR." Id 5pite of the fact that Blackberries will rtow *' anywhere " in reason, and eve«vbody likes them, it is yet a puzzling reality that it is only with great difficulty and at a high figure that we can purchase them in our markets. Surely, then, it must be apparent to all farseein? "fruitgrowers that instead of glutting the markets with Gooseberries, Currants. &c., they have here a fruit which, if planted upon any given area of land, will prove far more profitable than any other hardy truit that could be grown. And why? Simply because for half-adoz?n years ahead, at least, the stock throughout the country will not have time to become so great as to exceed the demand. Landowners. Stewards, and Gardeners, who have each year to show a balance-sheet " of profits," have here a very simple, safe method of for seme years obtaining highly profitable results. Planted 3 feet by 3 feet requires at the rate of 1815 plants to an acre. _ Gardeners also who grow for house consumption will find this fruit a valuable assistant. It will stand any treatment, and do well where other fruits would fail. Whilst, however, we have the matter under consideration, do not let us fall into ihe mistake of planting any variety so lang as it i-s a "Blackberry.'* Why not. tor the sake of a slightly additional first expense, obtain the very *' cream " of the family ; or in other words, procure stocks of the hardiest, largest, most delicious, and most pro-iuclive ? By pursuing this procedure the result repays the grower tenfold tor the slightly additional first expense incurred. It was this reasoning that caused us 10 give the subject our most care- ful study ; the result of which is, we offer a variety, the grandci of th^ group, producing enormous berries, measuring on an average 3^^ inches around, lenethwise. and the same dimensions crosswise. (This will give an idea of the profit to be derived from its culture as a market com- mcdity.) The berries are also glcssv black, very ea'ly nf exquisite fl.ivoiir, and enormously productive— the heavy load of frult Often bending the canes to the very ground. We can offer plants of this grand variety at is. 3d. each, 125. per dozen, 858. per 100, carriage paid. We can offer other varieties as follows :—" LAWTON," " KITTA- TINNY." " PARSLEY-LEAVED (Rubus fruticosus laciniatus), WILSON'S EARLY," at ^d. each, 8j. 6ei. per dozen, 635. per loo. VICCARS COLLYER & CO., NURSERVMEN. SEEDSMEN, b'c, CENTRAL HALL, LEICESTER (where all Letters are to be addressed), and CENTRAL NURSERIES, GLENFIELD, near LEICESTER. A. W. CREWS, Manager. Price IS. stitched. HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A POPULAR EXPLANATION OF THE BEST METHOD OF CULTURE. By WILLIAM EARLEY. London : BEADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G. 304 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 7, 1885. CARTERS' GOOD THINGS FOR THE GARDEN. THE BEST EXHIBITION VEGETABLES. THE BEST PEAS. THE BEST BEANS. THE BEST CABBAGES. THE BEST CELERy. THE BEST LEnUCES. THE BEST ONIONS. THE BEST TUBNIPS. POST FREE. Per Per pint. pkt. Carters' Stratagem .. .. S/- 6i Carters' Telephone . . . . 2/6 Bd. Carters' Pride of the Market a/6 6d. Carters' Leviathan Broad . . 2/6 ed. Carters' Longsward Dwarf- . 3/- Carters' Champion Bunners 1/6 Carters' Mammoth Beetheart 6d. !/• Carters' Early Heartwell .. 6d. 1/- Carters' Solid Ivory White . . 1/- 2/6 Carters' Incomparable Crimson 1/6 Carters' Giant White Cos . . ed. 1/- Carters' Longstander Cabbage 1/. 2/6 Carters' Golden Globe •■ 1/6 Carters' SUver Ball .- .. 1/6 Carters' Improved White Spanish, per oz 1/- Carters' Jersey Lily . Carters' Golden Rose Illustrated Lists, Gratis and Post free. Seedsmen by Royal Warrant To H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES, 237-8, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. ■\7- I N E S— V I N E S— V I N E S.— V STRONG FRUITING CANES, 41. f>d. each. STRONG PLANTING CANES, y:. each. All the best varieties in cultivalion. CALDWELL and SONS, The Nurseries, Knutsford, Chester. To the Trade. SEED POTATO S. HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced • LIST of SEED POTATOS is now ready, and can be had on application. It comprises the best kinds in cultiva- tion, and the prices are very reasonable. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. s URPLUS STOCK. Special off^r of Nursery Stock :— FIR, Scotch, ^ to 5 feet, 2-yr., 2-yr. „ Spruce, 2-yr., 3-yr. LARCH, 2-yr., 2-yr., strong stuff. BIRCH, 2 to 3 feet. ALDER, tj^ 10 2 feet. ASH. Mountain, 4 to 6 feet. LABURNUM, 4 10 5 feet. WYCH ELM, 5 10 6 feet. SYCAMORE, 4 to 6 feet. Prices on application. JOS. TREMBLE and SON, Nurserymen, Penrith. ASPARAGUS (Connover's Colossal).— Four years, fine strong Roots, 51. per no. Cash with order. JOHN ETHERINGTON UIXON, Seed Grower, Gainsborough. SPARAGUS.— Extra strong three and four years stuff. Samples and prices on application lo THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Totteoham, Middlesex. E~D R U S DEODAR A.— Just arrived, guaranteed perfectly fresh seed. Price according to quantity on application to HY. CLARKE and bONS, Wholesale Seed Merchants, 39, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. WILLIAM AITKEN & SONS, Norplaln Nursery, Lenzle, N.B , Beg to intimate that they will be most glad to send their Descriptive CATALOGUE (Post free on apolication) o( CAR- NATIONS, PICOTEES, PINKS. PANSU.S. DAHLIAS, PYKETHRUMS, PENr.STEMdNS. So, Also ORNAMENTAL TREtSand SHRUBS, ROSES, &c. (All Want Flower Seeds|I 1^ Where SHALL WE GET THE! H.CANNELL & SONS ^ THEHOMEOFFLOWEfiS SWANLE Y.KENT. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. (ESTABLISHED 1S04.) FOREST TREES °fP"f«'Q"||;;y,»"d Moderate ROSES (20 acres) ^''^''ll-r^iT:.^- STANDARDS, 155. per dozen. 1051. per ico. Packing and Carnage Free for Cash with Order, rnUt lu V/t" 3Cr6SJ and kind of tree at low prices. SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) l%''iVri. TREES. 'FLOWERING PLANTS (8s per doien, 50J. per 103), FOREST TREES. or CONSER. V ATORY, ROSES IN POTS (80,000) '^ FORCING, &c., 15J. to 36s. per dozen. ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants, 4J. per dozen, 25J. per 100 (R. S. & Co.'s Selection). STnAWDLRRIES FORCING, i6j.to J^''^',".' \/IMFC THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES, V I IN LO 3s. 61/. to loj. id. each. WHITEtoDARK PURPLE, SINGLE and DOUBLE, \is. to 241. per dozen. CLEMATIS Three Acres of Glass for Slove and Greenlwtise Plants. FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE VEGETABLE, F L, O W E E,, and FARM SEEDS. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an imynense amount of useful information, free on application. Karities Rarities Barities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Barities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Barities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Barities Rarities Rarities TO LOVERS OF HORTICULTURE IN- SHARCH OF NEW and BARE PLANTS. OUR SEED CATALOGUE OF "Floral Gems" Embraces a L'st of Species not to be found offered in any other Ettglhh Seed Catalogue ; and must certainly prove of much interest to all admirers of lovely, sweet-scented, and uncommon bloDms. In it are offered Seeds of— RARE AND BEAUTIFUL AQUATIC3, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL ANNUALS, BARE AND BEAUTIFUL BIENNIALS, BABE AND BEAUTIFUL CACTE-ffi, BABE AND BEAUTIFUL GRASSES, BABE AND BEAUTIFUL PERENNIALS. A copy of which wilt be forwarded, gratis and postfree, on application. VICCARS COLLYER & CO,, Importers of New and Rare Plants, Seeds, &c., CENTRAL HALL, LEICESTER, (where all Letters are to be addressed.) and CENTRAL NURSERIES, GLENFIELD, near LEICESTER. A. W. CREWS, Manager. Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Barities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Baiities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Barities Barities Barities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities A MOST MAGNIFICENT NEW CATTLEYA. A /[ R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great -'-*-*- Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, at AN EARLY DATE, a grand importation of a most magnificent NEW CATTLEYA, and one of the very finest novelties we have introduced for years. It has just been brought home by Mr. E. Seidl, from the Roraima Mountains. It is as rare as it is beautiful, and the importation is in superb order. Full particulars in next week's Gardeners' Chronicle. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. March 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 305 B. 8. WILLIAMS' PRIZE STRAINS OF FLOEISTS' FLOWERS, POST-FREE. Sold only ia Sealed Packets, beariog my Trade Mark. The quality of all is alike : the difference in price applies to the quaoUty of seed put into the packets. WILLIAMS' Prize Strain of BEGONIA HYBRIDA. finest mxd. . pec packet, is. td. BEGONIA HYBRIDA, Tuberous rooted, for bedding, per packet IS, and 15% 6c/. Saved from Strains which have taken First Prizes wherever ex- hibited. WILLIAMS' Prize Strain of CALCEOLARIA (Herbaceous, finest mixed), Per packet, \s. td. and is. td. This fine strain has been selected from the dwarfest and most distinct types, and will be found unequalled for size of flowers and brilliancy of colours. WILLIAMS' Prize Strain of CINERARIA (extra choice, mixed). Per packet, zs. 6d. and 21. 6d. A superb strain of very dwarf branch- ing habit and strong constitution, con- taining a great variety of colours. WILLIAMS' PRIZE COCKSCOMB. The finest in cultivation. HAS GAINED NUMEROUS FIRS! PRIZES. Per packet, 2J. 6d. WILLIAMS' CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM (mxd. ) containing four varieties. Per packet is. 6d., CYCLAMEN FERSICUM (mxd.) Per packet, is. 6d. and 7S. 6d. The finest strain in cultivation. For varieties of Cyclamen in separate co- lours see LIustrated Seed Catalogue. WILLIAMS' Prize Strain of GLOXl N I A, CHOICE MIXED. Per packet, u. 6d. This produces inunensc flowers, of the most brilliant and varied colours both of the erect and drooping d. ^. WILLIAMS* PRIMULA SINENSIS FIM- BRIATA, mixed packets, containmg six varieties. s. Per packet, js. 6d. and 2- 6 This superb strain has stood the test for thirty years, andnever fails to take ist Prizes wherever exhibited. For new Primulas and superb strain of Primulas, see Illustrated Seed Catalogue. LTICTTIJIA GBATISSIMA. Per packet, xs. 6d. Illustrated Seed Catalogue for 1885, Gratis and Post-free on application. Special Warrant to H.R H. tlie Prince of Wales. SUTTON'S PRIZE LAWN GRASS SEEDS, AWARDED The Diplomed'Honneur, Amsterdam, 1883 The Special Gold Medal, Melbourne, 1880 SUTTON'S EVERGREEN MIXTURES, SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR Garden Lawns, Tennis Lawns, Cricket Grounds, PRICES:- Sutton's fillxture for Oaxdeu) Perhushel. 26s. Od LawQS and Croquet Grounds t „ gallon, 3s. 3d. Sutton's Mixture for Tennis ) Per bushel, 22s. 6d. Lawns and Bowling Greens f ,, gallon, 3s. Od. Sutton's Mixture for Crlcfeet J Per bushel, 22s. 6d. Grounds i „ gallon, 38. Od. ity Smu 3 buiheh per acre to form Nfnu Lawns, or 1 bitshel Per acre to improve an existing iward. ' ' Your new plot of Grass is perfection itself. I don't think I have ever seen better."— J. C. Fox, Esq., Royal Horti- culturai Society, South. Kensington. ' ' The new Lawn made with Messrs. Sutton s Grass Seeds has been a wonderful success. Every one who sees it is astonished to find that it was only sown last May."— Mrs. Cbesswell, Morney Cross. " Your Grass Seeds have quite surpassed anything ever seen about here before. My employer desired me to ex- press his pleasure in playing on such a close sward of sown grass."— Mr. J. McIntosh, Gardener toVf. Lowson, Esq., Taymount. " I have a wonderfully good Tennis Lawn from the seed supplied by you last season. Alihoueh only sown the second week in May, the lawn was actually played upon the first week in August."— T. \V. Foreshew, Esq., Witney. SUTTON'S PAMPHLET ON THE FORMATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF LAWNS FROM SEED May be had, Gratis and Post-free, on application. £jUfcru/o (^ Seedsmen by Royal Warrant to H.M. tbe Queen, and also tne First Seedsmen by Special Warrant to HE H. tne Prtnce of Wales, READING. THE SATURDAY, MARCH 7, 1885. APPLES AND SOILS. APPLE lovers throughout the country who have not seen or so closely studied, as it deserves, the official report prepared by Mr. Barron since the Congress, will be glad perhaps if we repeat some of the lessons of the show, stripped of their uninviting aspect when buried in necessary statistics. Useful information, such as cultural details relating to favourite fruits or flowers, can hardly be too frequently repeated. It is possible that some person even now, in spite of repeated publication, may not be aware of the name of the Apple of Apples. There are, in fact, a dessert and a culinary Apple which excel all others, each in its depart- ment, and every one should know their names, and plant them if possible. The United Kingdom was divided into dis- tricts at the Congress, and from these came 10,1 50 dishes of Apples from 236 exhibitors, as duly reported at the time. Kent sent one-eleventh of the total number, Middlesex almost as many, while Ireland was represented by two exhibitors only ; Surrey boasts of twelve exhibitors at the Congress, or just half as many as Kent, so that Surrey, with an area of less than half a million acres, contributed more in proportion than Kent, which contains rather more than a million acres of orchards. But statistics require careful reading ; and when we turn to the western group of counties — England being divided into six groups — and find from Devon- shire only three exhibitors, from Gloucestershire seven, Herefordshire four, Somersetshire two, and Worcestershire eight, the truth becomes apparent that the Apple growers of the cider districts were less strongly represented than the private growers of the Home Counties. Gentle- men and their gardeners and nurserymen formed, in fact, the bulk of the exhibitors, and as nurserymen are naturally good instructors in their several horticultural departments, while the orchards of the hall are certainly superior to those of the farmhouse or cottage, as a rule, Mr. Barron's report, with its numerous "exhi- bitor's remarks " and abundant cultural details, forms a volume by competent authors, and is, in fact, so much the most useful book on Apple growing that has yet been published that we are not surprised that a second edition is in preparation. Fifteen hundred and forty-five distinct varie- ties of Apples were exhibited, two of them being better than all the rest. In each group each exhibitor was invited to name the best Apples of his district, so that the whole of Great Britain was polled, and the Apple selected the greatest number of times by these experienced judges was placed at the head of the poll. Among sixty dessert Apples King of the Pippins headed the list, with 98 votes ; Cox's Orange Pippin followed, with 89 votes ; then Ribston Pippin, 78 ; Kerry Pippin, 56 ; and Blenheim Orange, S2. For culinary merit Lord Suffield polled loi votes ; Dumelow's Seedling, 93 ; Keswick Cod- lin, 84 ; Warner's King, 70 ; and Blenheim 30 5 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [MAtcii ?, Mi. Oiange, 65. These are closely followed by New or Winter Hawtlinrnden, Cellini, Mank's Codlin, AKriston, &c. The best in each class are too numerous to mention. All this has been told be/ore more than once, and it will be tuld fifty times ao;ain, for the results of a most important and interesting Apple congress can- not be dismissed lilce the commonplaces of a netts column which will not bear repeating. The best Apple of Kent is Cox's Orange rippin, the King of the Pippins following — Dumelow's Seedling and Lord Suffield standing first and second in the list of culinary Apples. Margil is not very generally known in Kent, though it bears a high character with all who have grown it, and Cornish Gilli- flower is even a greater favourite as a late dessert Apple. With regard to sites and soils a situa- tion well uplifted above the fogs and frosts of low levels and yet well sheltered by forest trees or other means is best for orchards, and to this it may be added happy are the gardeners with deep soils and wholesome subsoils. Like George III., when his arbitrary gardener, the headstrong Mr. Brown, died, they can do as they like then. Mr. J. Roberts, gardener to the Baroness de Rothschild, Gunnersbury Taik, has a friable loam on a light clay, and can grow Apples on either standards or pyramids, and on Crab or Paradise stocks. He prefers the latter for the early kitchen Apples, the former for late keepers, and he thinks that dessert kinds should be on standard trees on the Crab stock, since the fruit is improved by exposure to the sun. Compare this with Messrs. Veitch & Son's report of their light poor soil and poorer subsoil at the nursery at Fulham, where their " remarkably well-grown, very varied and interesting collection, very correctly labelled," as the official report says, was gathered from trees two, three, and five years old only, and trained as dwarf pyramids grafted on the Paradise stock. A very fine collection, consist- ing of 100 varieties, came from Chester, froin the nursery of Messrs. F. & A. Dickson, gathered from bush and pyramid trees, only from three to six years old, which the ex- hibitors observe are best suited for small gardens and for the production of fine fruit. Specially noticeable in this "remarkably fine collection," says the report, were Braddick's Nonpareil, Ribston Pippin, Northern Spy, the Old Hawthornden (very large), Peasgood's Nonsuch, Warner's King, Wareham Russet, a large and fine Apple, only noticed in the Chester collections, and a varietiy named Windsor Castle. The Royal Horticultural Society e.xhibited 328 varieties from a garden of loam bordering on clay, with a gravel subsoil. The " exhibitor's remarks " are of special interest. The Apples were all grown on bush and pyramid trees, some on the Crab and some young trees on French Paradise and Doucin stocks, and the finest fruit was from the latter. Pruning is confined to shortening the straggling shoots and thinning out moderately. One of the best collections of Apples we have seen on a soil not of the best, was within the boundaries of a large garden, where sinall trees, or big buslies, grew along- side the paths, and partook of the liberal dressings applied to the vegetables. The culture was entirely artificial, as compared with that of orchards on deep and favourable soils, where large standards are grown on the Crab, and the surface i? in permanent pasture, manured by corn-fed live stock. These are the opposi;e systems, each adapted to a particular site, which Mr. Woodbridge, gardener at Sion House, had in view when he remarked of his fine specimens of Royal Russet, Old Winter Pearmain, Gloria Mundi, and Kibston Pippin, that they were "grown on bush and standard trees of various ages, grafted on the Crab and Paradise stocks. Situation sheltered, in walled garden. Soil light and sandy on gravel. We find that trees grown in a bush form, on the Paradise or dwarfing stock, are very suitable for the borders of kitchen gardens. They bear better fruit, require less pruning, and can be allowed to grow in a more natural way. Trees on the Crab, or tree stock, I consider more suitable for orchards." As a case in point, we may mention those excellent orchards at Deepdene, Dorking, from which Mr. Burnett sent no varieties, including many of the old sorts not now common. Some of the best col- lections of Apples in the country may be found on the deep loam of the Greensand in that sheltered valley between Reigate, Doiking, and Guildford. Ribston Pippin scarcely lipens satisfactorily at its native home in Mr. Dent's garden at Ribston Hall, Yorkshire ; but in Surrey, sheltered by the " backbone " of the country, the North Downs, and by the groves and plantations of that pictural district, it finds the climate and the warm soil that bring it to perfection. The same remark applies to other superior dessert Apples which abound in the gardens. Deepdene, under a former owner, was the site of a vineyard, and produced good wine in hot seasons. Mr. Burnett remarks that he gathered his fine fruit mostly from large orchard trees, many of them being old ; and he mentions as the most certain bearers Kes- wick Codlin, Lord Suffield, Cellini, Stirling Castle, Ecklinville Seedling, and Cox's Orange Pippin. He mentions, too, the Blenheim Orange, Pearmains, and Ribstons of the dis- trict. But even in this favoured district Apple growing by farmers is much neglected ; the trees being starved, the fruit dwindles to half its natural size, and no market can be found for such fruit. " Sinall and inferior," is the coin- ment on a collection of thirteen varieties which the exhibitor observes were grown on old orchard standards on a heavy undrained loam with stiff" clay subsoil, the trees being covered by lichen, eaten up by caterpillars, and the blossoms injured by spring frosts. " We find it a good plan," says an exhibitor, with a subsoil of wet inferior gravel, " to lift as inany trees as possible every year, and to put a quantity of old brick rubbish under them, and maiden loam round the roots. When the roots reach the wet gravel they seldom fruit satisfactorily." Trees planted on prepared soil of road- scrapings and loam and mulched annually with stable manure are apt to canker, but they bear well nevertheless ; whereas in some moist sub- soils they grow vigorously without a spot of canker, but they yield no fruit, producing wood instead. Large trees on such soils should be extirpated. Mr. Taylor, gardener at Duneevan, Weybridge, with a light soil and wet sandy subsoil, cuts round his pyramids every second year 2 feet 6 inches from the stem, raises the roots and adds fresh soil, treads firm, mulches on the surface, and thereby produces fine fruit. It is evident, from these examples, that Apples can, by skiKul cultivation, be grown in all districts and upon soils naturally unsuited to them. As a rule, the finest fruit is grown on bushes and cordons (see rcinarks by Mr. Miles, of the Wycombe Abbey gardens, and by Mr. Smith, of Mentmore). In the case of large orchard trees you can only manure the surface, and you cannot control the roots, nor raise the temperature of the soil, except so far as drain- age may do so. In growing Apples for market, however, they must be produced at the lowest possible price and of the best possible quality, that is to say, in well treated orchards, where the soil is naturally suited to this particular crop. The report indicates that certain dis- tricts possess advantages conferred on them by Nature. Even such skilled growers as Messrs. T. Rivers & Son, of Sawbridgeworth, who exhi- bited 1S3 varieties, recognise the superiority of the climate of Kent to that of Herts. Whether the drift clay and calcareous gravel of Saw- bridgeworth, which produces for Mr. Prout such incomparable Wheat crops, equals loams of the Kentish Rag as a soil for Apples, we cannot say, but Messrs. Rivers remark of their climate that it is " too keen to secure the size and colour of the Kentish Apple orchards." In Surrey, as we have seen, there is a sheltered and sunny district where climate and soil are both pre- eminently favourable for Apples ; and although we find the superior sorts of Apples heading the listi in the various reports from the north of England and from Scotland, these reports, it should be remembered, refer to gardens sheltered generally by walls as well as planta- tions. The area from which the best Apples can be produced under orchard cultivation will probably be found far more limited than some over-sanguine writers have imagined. This point must be left to the sound sense, based on careful observation, of those who pro- pose entering upon this kind of fruit farming. They should also consider, not merely the cliinate of their own locality, but of England generally ; for unless we are favoured by warmer and drier seasons than the average of the last eight years, home-grown Apples — whatever enthusiasts may say of our obligations as patriots — will hardly be found profitable. Some- thing has been said of a small duty on foreign Apples to protect the English grower. In bad seasons he may need it— but he is not likely to obtain it ! In an essay on orchard cultivation, as it now exists, the improvement of the sorts of Apples in the cider districts, as well as of the beverage itself, would have to be treated. We can only add, however, in regard to sorts generally, that the Committee at the Congress considered many of the dessert Apples as too small, and they added, in reference to culinary Apples, that all varieties under the standard of 3 inches in diameter might with advantage be discarded, " excepting always a few sorts that are specially adapted to certain localities." large Apples, for example, are not desirable in windy situa- tions. Messrs. James Dickson & Sons, Newton Nurseries, Chester, exhibited, as we read, " a very interesting and instructive" collection of 1 10 varieties, one half from trees worked on the Crab, the rest from those on the French Paradise, and the latter bearing much larger fruit than the former, would scarcely suit the coast of Norfolk, except in the most sheltered gardens, since large fruit is liable to be blown down by gales or bruised on the trees. These general hints, we hope, may prove useful. NOTES ON THE CULTIVATED ASTERS.— X. (Continuetl ffi^m /. 209.) The subgenera noticed in the present p,iper form a well marked group, from a h0rticuUur.1l point of view, being all dwarf alpines, suitable for rockery growth. Subgenus VIII. ICkigerastrum.— Ilracis of the involucre nearly equal in length, leafy from base to apex. Pappus not distinctly biseiial. Stem leafy. L'gules numerous. 53. A. alphun, I.inn.— Stems T-liradcrl, hairy, errci. varying from a few inches to a fool in IcnRlti. Wa^lA Icivcs numerous, oljlanccol.ite, obtuse, entire, n.nrrowcd pradually into a petiole. Slem-leaves few, distant, grow- ing gradually smaller towards the head. Kspanded heads about il inch in diameter. Involucre broadly campanulale, \ inch in diameter ; l)iacts 2—3 seri.it, subcqual, otil.inceolile, foliaceous, pilose. Ligules thirty or more, pale lilac, ! inch long. Achene oblanceolate, compressed, pilose, i inch long ; pappus \ inch long, copious, flexuose, white or pale red, moderately firm in texture. Mountains through Kurope and Siberia to Arctic America, and southward along the Kiicky Mountains to the forty-ninth parallel of latitude. A. hirsulus 1, VlAKLli ), 1SS5 ) THE GARDRNllRS' ClIkONlCLE. 307 11)^1.; A. cylleneus, Orphan.; A. GiribaUi, Biugger, and A. Wolfii, Favrat, are varielie?, and A. chryso- comoides, Turcz., is said to be a discoid form of this species. There are three closely allied species in the Himalayas— A. himalaicus and tiicephalus of C. B. Clarke, and A. Sirache)!, Ilook. fil., none of which are in culuvalion so far as I am aware. To this sub- genus also belong the Siberian A, silenifolius, Turcz., the North American A. peregtinus, Pursh, and A. pygmceus, Lindl., and the Natal A. natalensis, Ilarv., all four of which are well-marked species. Aster salsuginosus, Richardson, Bot. Mag., 4942, is now placed by Dr. Gr.Ty in Erigeron. 54. A. pyrcnaus, Desf.— Stems stout, hairy, erect, ij— 2 feet lonff. Leaves numerous, sessile, lanceolate, amplexicaul, thin in texture, acute, slightly serrated, the lower ones 3—4 inches long. Heads few, corymbose, sometimes solitary. E.vpanded heads 2 inches in dia- meter. Involucre broadly campanulate ; bracts sub- equal, lanceolate, foliaceous, hairy. Ligules 30—50, linear, lilac, above J inch long. Achene oblanceolate, compressed, hairy ; pappus reddish-white, firm in teMure, .J inch long. Spanish and French Pyrenees. A most distinct and striking species, well worthy of garden cultiva- tion. The Andine and South American subgenus Ileter- aster, of Bentham, contains about three species which dilier mainly from Erigerastrum by their very short, very numerous narrow ligules. SitBGENUS IX. Bellidhstrum. — Differs from the last by its scapose habit, which is just like that of a Daisy (Bcllis) ; represented by a single species. Restricted to Europe, 55. A. Bellidiaslnim. Scop. Doronicum Bellidias- truni, Linn. Bellidiastrura Michelii, Cass.— Perennial, with a small rosette of obovate. obtuse, crenate, petioled radicil leaves, \~i inch broad. Peduncle naked, vary- ing in length from 2 or 3 inches to a foot. Head always solitary, an inch in diameter when expanded. Involucre campanulate, * inch in diameter ; bracts lanceolate, equal, foliaceous. Ligules 30—40, white, i inch long. Achencs glabrous, flattened on the faces'; pappus rather longer than the achene, of copious flexuose, pale red brisUes. Widely spread amongst the mountains o( Central Europe, but not extending to the Pyrenees nor Scandinavia. Subgenus X. Heteroch.eta.— Habit and invo- lucre of Erigerastrum, from which it differs by the short outer bristles of the pappus, forming a more or less distinct row as contrasted with the long inner ones. Of this section there are about three species in the Himalayas, one in Siberia, and three at the Cape. I give descriptions of the only two I have seen alive. 56. A. diplostcphioiJc!, Benlh. ; Hook, f., in Bot. Mag. t. 6718.— Stems erect, hairy, 6— r8 inches long. Stem-leaves large, oblanceolate, spathulate, sessile; radical petioled. 2—4 inches long. Heads solitary,' abo\u 2 inches across when fully expanded. Involucre campanulate, above \ inch diimeler ; bracts equal, foliaceous, lanceolate, acute. Ligules very numerous^ bright lilac, f inch long. Pappus biserial, the outer row of bristles short. Alpine region of the Himalayas from Kashmir eastward to Sikkim. It was introduced lately into cultivation by Mr. Elwes, and is, as may be seen from the figure that was given recently in the Dclam.al lifaiazitie, a very efifective species for garden purposes. According to Dr. Aitchison, the roots are used for washing in Kashmir. The two other Himalayan species of this subgenus are A. h-lerocha;ta, Benth., which resembles A. alpinus very closely, and A. libeticus, Hook. f. The Siberian A. fljccidus, Bunge (A. intermedius, Turcz.), also resembles alpinus very closely. 57. A. hhpidas. Biker, in SiuiJ. Ref. Bot., t. 342. Calendula hispida, Thunb. Diplopappus asper, Lessing, in DC. Prod., v., 276.— Stems a loot long, erect, roughly hairy from the base, usually one-headed. Leaves distant, lanceolate, sessile, hispid, the lower toothed, the upper- entire, three-nerved from base to apex, \—\ inch broad Involucre campanulate, i inch diameter ; bracts sub- equal, lanceolate, acute, hispid, leafy ; expanded heads li— 2 inches in diameter. Ligules about thirty, linear bright lilac, i inch long. Receptacle conspicuously alveolate. Achene flattened, pilose ; pappus white or pile red, firm in te.xture, nearly J inch long. Mountains of Cape Colony and Natal. Cultivated by Mr, Wilson Saunders from seeds given him by the late Daniel Ilanbury, who received them from Bishop Callaway. There are at the Cape two other allied species (D. I.xvigatus and serrulatus) not in cultiva- tion. J. G. Diii'ir. (Tc be continued.) x\NT\VERP KXIIIRITION. liN connection with the Universal Exhibition to be held in Antwerp in the coming summer, an Inter- national Exhibition of Horticulture, Pomology, and Market G irdening will be held. The Royal Horti- cultural and Agricultural Society of Antwerp is charged by the Government with the organisation of these shows, which will taka place at intervals from May 2 to October Ji, 1SS5. A part of the gardens and a large open space within the precincts of the Universal Exhibition are specially set apart for this purpose. The horticultural exhibition comprises the five fol- lowing series :— I. Permanent exhibition, for the whole period of the exhibition, the gardens of orna- mental plants, trees, shrubs, and flowers. II. From May 10 to 12 exhibition of Azaleas, Orchids, Rhodo- dendrons, &c. HI. From June 28 to 29 exhibition of cut Roses. IV. From August 2 to 6 general horti- cultural exhibition. V. From September 27 to 29 exhibition of fruit and vegetables. I. The programme of the permanent exhibition from May 2 to October3r, 1885, comprises for outdoor trees and ornamental shrubs in groups and clumps, twenty- two classes : for single specimens, five classes ; A, lor plants suitable for forming beds, edges, and groups : — (r). Outdoor perennials, twelve classes ; (2), Stove her- baceous and under shrubs, nine classes ; {3), Bulbous and tuberous plants, eleven classes ; (4), Annual plants, two classes ; (5), Ornamental plants, two classes ; (6), Lawns and grass plots, one class ; (7), Carpet bedding, three classes. B, Greenhouse and conservatory plants which can be placed in the open air from May i to October 15, twelve classes. __II._Inaugural exhibition from May 10 to if. Foliage plants, six classes ; flowering plants, twenty-eight classes. III. Exhibition, of cut Roses, June 28 and 29. (i), .'\mateurs, nine classes ; {2}, nurserymen, ten classes. IV. Exhibition, .\ugcist 2 to 6. New plants. (i). Introductions. Class i. — Collection of twenty-five plants, flowering or non-flowering, introduced into Bel- gium since 1882. Class 2.— Collection of six plants, flowering or non-flowering, introduced into Belgium by the exhibitor, but not in commerce. Class 3.— Collec- tion of three plants not yet in commerce. Class 4. A new plant in flower. Class 5.— A new plant not in flower. (2). Seedlings, six classes ; good ctfltivation, nine classes ; general collections, eleven classes ; special col- lections (i). Ferns and Lycopods, twelve classes ; (2), Cycads and Conifers, four classes ; (3I, Palms, Panda- nads, and Musas, eleven classes ; (4), Aroids, eight classes ; (5), Marantacere and Liliacea, eight classes ; (6), Bromeliacea:, three classes ; (7), Orchids, six classes ; (8), carnivorous plants, five classes ; (9), Euphorbiace.-e, Proteace^e, and Araliace?e, six classes ; (10), Begoniace^e, five classes ; (ri), Gamopetalous plants, Coleus, Bouvar- dias. Gloxinias, Gesneracese, and Calceolarias, six classes ; (12). Polypetalous plants. Cacti, Echeverias, Bertolonias, Sonerillas, Pinks, Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, and Roses, eighteen classes ; (r3), room decorations, two classes ; (14), bouquets, &c., seven classes. V. Exhibition September 27 to 29. Section i. Pomology, twenty-six classes. Section 2. Kitchen and market garden produce, twenty classes. Section 3. Bouquets, &c., three classes. Section 4. Dahlias, cut flowers, four classes. Medals of gold, silver-gilt, and silver, accompanied by a diploma, are to be awarded to the exhibitors named by the jury. The value of the gold medal may be had in money. Competitors who haveobtained from thehorticultural exhibition a gold medal of the value of 200 francs (^S) will receive in addition the same diploma as that which accompanies the gold medal of the Universal Exhibition, as well as large-size bronze medal from the Universal Exhibition. Competitors who have obtained three gold medals, as well as those who have most contributed to the success of the exhibition, will get a Diploma of Honour. Besides the medals mentioned in the schedule, the jury have the power of awarding three diplomas, corresponding to the gold medal, six to that of silver- gilt, and twelve to that of silver, to deserving exhibits. The Secretary of the International Commission is M. L. Lubbers, Botanic Gardens, Brussels. MARKET GARDENING. {Ccntinued front p. 115). My former remarks, taken in connection with the general display of vegetables at the various leading metropolitan markets devoted to these and similar subjects, show that, whatever system of crop culture market gardeners generally follow, it is a highly successful one, both as to quantity and quality. In connection with this, I have endeavoured to show that liberality in the matter of manuring, the use of highly fertilising manures, properly prepared by periodical turning, timely ploughing, arc the chief items which secure these results. An intimate know- ledge of both spade and plough labour teaches many lessons, beyond what a study of either, alone, can give. A FiRji Base for Root Growth. I am far from advocating what is known as shallow culture. Nevertheless, compared with spade labour, trenching, &c., ploughing must be placed in that category — albeit four-horse ploughing is occasion- ally practised, which gives a moderate depth, though shallow compared with bastard-trenching. Add to this the facts that, below the point of the plough- share the land retains its primitive hardness, and that even such parts as are turned over are not, so to speak, desiccated to their utmost depth, and we have, at the best, what gardeners would perforce call half- worked land. Vet it is by this means alone that the fine vegetables we see marketed are grown. Before we study the processes in connection with variety in crops, the seed-beds, seed sowing, planting, &c., it may be well to extract all the practical lessons pos- sible from the contrasts shown above. Does the professional horticulturist give anything like sufficient weight to this need of a firm roothold for seedling plants and the crops resulting from them ? An old- school doctrine seems to have a better hold on many minds than have the roots of the plants of some culturists on the soil. If we compare established much-worked garden soils with those in fields generally we shall find them deeply manipulated and manured, so much so that such natural cohesiveness as is possessed by virgin soils is destroyed in very great part. Annually such soils are turned over, and, in the case of such parts as are trenched, tossed up lightly into very porous ridges. This is often done as late in the season as the months of Februaiy and March. What does the cultivator do to cause this light mould to become sufficiently firm .for good root-hold ? Generally nothing. Occa- sionally, in connection with the Onion and Carrot crop, he treads or rolls the surface. This shallow practice proves, however, of very little use, and the result is that the roots go down into anything but a suit- able subsoil. If the same cultivator had to use some of this same soil for potting purposes he would press, ram, jerk, and otherwise make it very firm within the pot, knowing that, unless he did so, the plants would not thrive. A contrast in practice, which it seems hard to believe possible. For a contrast to this method turn to field cropping. Generally, after land is ploughed up it is harrowed, then well rolled with heavy iron rollers, and trodden, as of necessity it must be, by the feet of heavy horses. Not only is the land thus rolled to receive the plants orseed crop<-, but it is rolled so soon as they get well hold of the ground subsequently, both in connection with planted plants and seedling crops the result of seed sowing. Nor is this confined to one given kind, almost all are treated alike. Lisbon Onions when 6 or 8 inches high, Turnips when with four or five leaves, "plants, ' Tares, corn, one and all are subject to pressure from heavy iron rollers, and as a result they thrive and gi\ e crops of superior quality. To ensure good crops in the garden, more especially upon light soils and such as have been under spade culture for a decade or more, all trenching should be done as long as possible before cropping. Many crops of what would have been good were lost last summer owing to the simple and easily avoided practice of working the soil late in the month of February and during March. Owing to the drought which prevailed, the lands were dried in process of digging or trenching, and they continued to dry subsequently, so much so that seeds sown absolutely failed to germinate, owing to want of moisture, latent or otherwise, in the soil, and to the fact that after being turned up it was permitted to remain unpressed or otherwise made firm, and sown in so light a state as to permit of all the moisture 3o8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 7, 1885. contained in it being lost by evaporation. Market garden farmers suffered far less by this evaporation, and secured their customary good crops by such roll- ing as I have suggested. Hardiness of Vegetables. Gardeners and their confrhts of the farm hold very different views as to the real hardiness of the more hardy kinds of vegetables. This is particularly observ- able in connection with the whole of the Brassica family. Market garden farmers prepare their huge seed-beds, consisting of acres in extent in kind, and sow the seeds broadcast generally during the latter part of the month of February or very early in March. These cemprise hardy Greens, Veitch's Autumn Giant Cauliflowers, Brussels Sprouts, Broccoli, Curled Kale, Savoys, &c. All are sown together upon an open and exposed field — all germinate, grow, and form the most dense beds of sturdy young plants. In gardens warm, sheltered corners are chosen for such things, and dates are chosen with nervous exactitude, these latter being generally later than those of the farmers. By these means late, weakly plants are secured. In preference to this the above dates should be substituted, and the most open, exposed, and sunny situation in any garden chosen wheron to sow and form a sturdy nucleus for many future important crops. IViUiam Earley, Ilford, {,To be continued.') PEAR, BEURRE FLON. Description of the Tree. Wood, of average strength ; branches, rather numerous, spreading, rather weak and short, slightly bent, hairy, yellowish-brown, with fine and close lenticells, and prominent cushion-like swellings on the bark ; buds, small, ovoid, downy, closely applied to the bark, having the scales convex and loosely united ; leaves, small, abundant, generally elliptical irregularly dentate, slightly reflexed at the margins, provided with a strong and very short petiole ; fertility average. Culture. Grafted on the Quince this Pear does not succeed well, it is then feeble and very late. On the free stock it is more vigorous, but its pyramids still leave much to be desired. THE CHERKLEY YEWS. One of the most interesting features in the grounds at Cherkley Court, near Leatherhead, the seat of A. Dixon, Esq., consists in the noble clumps of Yew along the hill-side (fig. 58). How old they are no one can tell. It is more than probable that, long before Brown Bess and her more deadly successors drove the bowmen from the field their branches furnished goodly material for the weapon of the day. Much time might pleasantly be spent in ranging among the Cherkley Yews alone, as they in various ways supply ample material for thought and speculation. For example, a wonderful difference exists in their habit of growth, and in the arrangement of their branches, some of them being dense and compact like an Erica Cavendishii, while others are loose and straggling ; some are broad and flat, and others narrow and erect ; one gigantic specimen, with straggling branches (illustration, p. 309), measures 25 feet round the trunk 6 feet above the ground. Can it be that the differences come from their variation as seedlings. THE NATURE OF LICHENS. Systematic students of Lichens seem very un- willing to accept the views of anatomists and physio- logists, who regard Lichens as really composite beings, consisting of the threads of a predatory fungus, which establish themselves between and upon the green globules, or "gonidia," formerly considered a special attribute of the Lichen, but which are now considered to be, in reality, forms of Alga embedded in the web of fungus thread. The theory, when first started, seemed startling enough, but gradually it has come to be accepted by the one class of botanists and rejected by the other. Recently Mr. Crombie, an expert lichenologist, has strongly combated the modern notion, arguing inter alia that whereas parasitic plants usually exhaust their prey, and bring about its death, here we have a parasite many hundred times bigger than its host, and yet, so far from the latter being exhausted, it continues to thrive, and the two plants, fungus and Alga, jog on comfortably together in that condition of happy cohabitation which botanists call "sym- biosis." Mr. Hartog, in Nature, shows how this may be. A fungus requires for its food a supply of mineral or earthy constituents, nitrogen in the form of nitrates or ammonia, and carbo-hydrates (combinations of hydrogen and carbon). An Alga does not require a ready-made supply of the latter ingredients, because it supplies its own wants from the carbonic acid of the atmosphere and water under the linftuence of solar light. The spawn- threads (hyph^e) of the Lichens, aided by carbonic acid, can dissolve the earthy matters, nitrates are furnished by rain, while the carbohydrates, as above stated, can only be obtained from the atmosphere by the green Lichen-gonidia. But Mr. Hartog points out that there is no neces- sity for the fungal threads (hyphas) to penetrate the green tissue (gonidia) of the Lichen in order to obtain the carbo-hydrates they require. The green matter of the Algre is contained within membranous bags, or walls, of cellulose (a carbo-hydrate), and these cellu- lose layers undergo constant transformation into gummy or gelatinous matter, which is continually repaired by new formation. It is on this layer of jfclly, and not on the enclosed nitrogenous proto- plasm, that the fungal threads feed, and as it is con- stantly formed there is no excessive strain on the resources of the green algal matter so long as it is duly nourished and exposed to light. It is interesting to see that in this case, as in most plants, the nitrogen required is not derived from what would seem to be the most readily accessible supply (in the case of the gonidia the protoplasm, in the case of other plants the atmosphere), but from nitrates furnished by the rain, &c. The Ice Plant. — M. Herve Mangon finds that the juice of this plant, Mesembryanthemura crystallinum, the leaves of which are studded with translucent vesicles of fluid, contain 33 per cent, of sea-salt. It is considered that the culture of the plant in the salt-laden soil of some parts of France would be beneficial, by abstracting much of the salt and thus rendering them fertile. Fig. 57.— pear beurr^ flon. Description of Fruit. Size, rather large ; form, turbinate, very obtuse, knobbed, usually having one side larger than the other. Peduncles short, stout, straight, swollen at the summit, inserted into a shallow cavity bordered by a very decided prominence. Eye small, open, placed in a deep, funnel-shaped basin. Skin harsh to the touch, thick, citron-yellow, entirely covered with red-grey spots, largely marbled and spotted on the side exposed to the sun. Flesh white, rather delicate, tender, juicy, slightly gritty. Juice abundant, sweet, aromatic, endowed wiih an agree- able and delicate acid flavour. Season from ihe middle of September to the middle of October. Quality, first. History. It was obtained at Angers by M. Flon, nursery- man, Bas-Chemins du Mail. The tree fruited for the first time in 1852. These particulars, taken from Leroy's Dictionary, constitute all we know of this Pear, respecting which enquiry has been made. Perhaps some of our readers may recognise Ihe Pear from the description and out- line we now give. or have they been acquired by the roots getting into different strata and different soils? [Seedlings.] Be it as it may, the Yews at Cherkley are wonderful, and form a study in themselves. It is pleasant to see that they are treated with the greatest respect, and rather than remove them from the line of the road, tunnels have been formed through them, such tunnels and avenues forming delicious retreats in summer, B. ORCHIDS IN FLOWER AT DOWNSIDE, LEATHERHEAD. The spring review of Orchids has well commenced at Downside, and Mr. Lee's pleasant Saturday "at homes," as usual, call thither the illite of the Orchid world to enjoy the privilege of seeing at their best, comparing and discussing the relative merits of the rare things there to be found. In the case of such things as Cattleya Trianre, of which there can scarcely be found two exactly alike, and with the numerous varieties of Odontoglossum, the benefit and pleasure to be derived from an inspection of them in flower in such an establishment is hardly to be overratsd, as it ii only by actual comparison side by side that the merits and the differences of the varieties can be' deter- March 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 309 mined. It is very difficult to remember a flower sufficiently well to be able to compare it with another which if present, and hence it is that many who flower among their imported Trianse varieties, which they vaunt as being better than Dodgsoni, Osmani, &c., would in most cases have the conceit taken out of them if they were to bring flowers of their /rj/4'A, and place them side by side with those they are supposed to eclipse. The great Cattleyahouse is, of course, at present the centre of attraction, and although it is even better than it was last year a reference to our illustration at p. 677 (May 24) will give an idea of the extent of the display and to that of the plan of the structure (which is one of the most perfect in the country), able in the features which caused them to be originally selected. With respect to any variety which Mr. Lee may sanction the naming of the utmost confidence may be felt, for with the Saturday gatherings if there beany virtue in trial by jury the plant will have been severely tested before the honour was accorded. The best variety of C. TrianK now in flower at Downside are C. T. Leeana. This must be judged the giant among them all, and now that culture has im- proved it its flowers are marvellously massive. Some of them measure Si inches in width, and have petals 3i inches broad. Altogether the variety is a pheno- menal one, and the price (250 guineas) was not so extravagant as some would suppose. C. T. Emilias.— As C. T, Leeana represents mascu- C. T. Backhousiana, with its dark velvety maroon lip and crimson feather in the petals also stands by itself. C. T. Normani resembles Backhousiana, but has plain rosy-lilac petals. C. T. delicata.— This is in flower in several grand masses, the flower being pale lilac all over except the throat, which has yellow marking. C. T. Victoria Reginoe is a perfectly formed variety, with pale lilac sepals and petals, bright ruby-cnmson lip, and orange throat. Besides the above beautiful kinds, C, T. Russel- liana, C, T. Dodgsoni, and other rare varieties are in bud. Also in bloom in great beauty throughout the Fig. 58.— globose ybw at cherkley court, (see p. 308.] given by us March 10, 1883, p. 308, will furnish in- teresting details which will be useful to many, the more particularly that the venture having now stood the test of time proves even more satisfactory than it was anticipated, and leaves nothing in the building to be regretted. The Downside Cattleya-house is a most enchanting sight just now, with its banks of flowers on either hand. Of Cattleya Trianae undistinguished by special varietal title there are great numbers of fine speci- mens in full bloom, the variation among them, and the consequent interest by comparing them, being very great ; many of them are of the first merit and still they are to remain untitled, in fact, a review of all the named forms of C. Trianse shows that distinguish- ing names have not been thoughtlessly given — the old Dodgsoni with its peculiar shape and tubular lip, Osmani with its broad velvety crimped edged labellum, and all the other old favourites, are each unapproacb- line grandeur, so does Mrs. Lee's Trianas personate feminine grace. Its lovely pearly-white petals and mauve lip (which is even brighter than that of Osmani), edged with pale lilac and tinged with light yellow in the throat, constitutes it a lovely variety. The plant has about twenty-five blooms. C. T. magnifica runs Leeana hard for size. Its petals, which are very massive, are pale lilac, lip crimson, tinged in the throat with sulphur-yellow. C. T. alba. — Of this there are two fine snow-white varieties, the one without colour of any kind, and the other with lemon-coloured tinge in the throat. C. T. Emperor is a variety of fine form, with rosy- lilac veined petals and dark mauve lip, with orange- coloured throat. C. T. Osmani. — This variety is very handsome, and is unique in the fine flat expansion of its fringed labellum, which in its glowing crimson resembles the lustre on the breasts of some humming-birds. Cattleya-house, which is 100 feet in length, are some good varieties of C. Percivaliana and C. Walkeriana, some grand specimens of the different varieties of Ccelogyne cristata, including C. c. Lemoniana, and two well-flowered specimens of C. c. alba ; many fine forms of Laelia anceps, among which the pure white L. a. Williamsii, which has no rose tint any- where about it, and the beautiful white L. a. Veitchii, with its bluish-lilac lip and wings to the labellum, are very prominent ; L. a. HiUii is also good ; some Vandas, grand plants of Epidendrum Wallisii (one with thirteen sprays of its large yellow flowers on a stem), Lselia harpophylla, L. flammea, L. Turneri, the white Brassavola glauca, the pretty dwarf Ccelo- gynes, C. sparsa and C. conferta, and many other odd beauties, lend attraction and variety to the whole arrangement, and stamp it as one of the finest sights of the kind the season has produced. In the lobby at the entrance of the Cattleya-house, on the left-hapt) 3^0 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [March 7. 18S5. side, the Odontoglossum Roezlii, which thrives so well here, are, as always, in bloom ; Phaius tubercu- loiius strongly in hud, and Colax jugosus and the rare C. j. rufinus in flower, on the right being some rare Cypripedium?, among which C. Dayanum, C. Swan- ianum, C. barbatum Warneri, C. b. biflorum, C. vexillarium, and other notabilities, are in bloom ; while overhead the Vanda Sanderiana, Nepenthes, and Oncidium Marshallianum, give good examples of the effects of good culture. The O. Mar- shallianum are grown in a cold house, but brought in here to perfect their flowers, but during and after flowering they are still kept in the cold house. The long lean-to Masdevallia-house, which protects the end of the Cattleya-house, contains vigorous plants, with healthy foliage and bristling spikes, giv- ing promise of even better things in their season than in former years. Many plants of S^phronilis grandi- flora, with their scarlet flowers, brighten it, and one of S. g. rosea gives its soft rose bloom to help the bright orange-scarlet of the Masdevallia ignea, M. Chelsoni, At'a aurantiaca, and other odd varieties. The continuation of the lean-to range gives the chimceroid Masdevallia-house, in which the strikingly handsome M. Roezlii rubra, M. chimcera, M. bella, and M. radiosa are in bloom ; and the long cold-house, in which the Oncidium macranthum and some hybiid Odontoglossums are grown on the back, and the lesser Masdevallias on the front. Here blooming are Odon- toglossum mactospilum (the only plant), with flowers li ;e those of O. crispum guUatum, with a suspicion of O. Andersonianum, O. Jenningsianum, O. species like Chestertoni with O. Andersonianum marking, O. triumphans, O. Ruckerianum, O. hebraicum, true O. Cervantesii decorum, with lovely large flowers ; O. Uro-Skinneri and many of the small Masdevallias, such as M. Shuttleworlhii, M. Arminii, &c. The 100 feet long span Odontoglossum-house — like all the rest of the establishment, bright, clean and fresh, with unspotted foliage and profusion of flower — is sprinkled throughout with good spikes of O. cris- pum, O. Pescatorei, O. luteopurpureum, in all grades ; O. Wilckeanum, O. mirandum (which is just inter- mediate between O. polyxanthum and O. Lindleya- num), and many forms of O. odoratum, which, as well as giving variety to the display, diffuse a grateful Hawthorn scent through the houses. The span range, in three divisions, has well-bloomed plants of Odonto- glossum blandum, O. pulchellum majus, O. Sanderi- anum, O. aspersum, Maxillaria venusta, M. grandi- flora, Lcelia harpophylla, and many Cypripediums, both species and hybrids. In the old block of houses something like the splendour of the Catlleya-house is given by the great show in the Lycaste, Dendrobe, and Phal^enopsis- hoases. The forms of Lj caste Skinneri, like those of C. Trianre, are scarcely two alike, but all hands will go up to give the award of first merit to the beau- tiful, massive, snow-white L. S. alba, of which there are several plants in bloom with six or seven flowers each. O.her handsome kinds are L. S. labella alba, L. S. delicatissima, L. S. rubella, and L. S. atroru- bens. In the same house are fine specimens in bloom of Cymbidium eburneum, Oncidium cheirophorum, O. unguiculatum, the rare O. cucuUatum macrochilum, Odontoglossum CKrstedii, &c. ;and here in this cool house the Di;ndrobium Falconeri and D. F. giganteum grow and flower well. Of the Djndrobium-house the lovely violet-crimson D. nobile nobilius is the king. It is a lovely variety, with a richly glowing colour. D. splendidissimum, best variety, is also very striking, with its wax-like rosy petals and orange stained lip, and a fine specimen of the pure white D. Wardianum album — a chaste and substantial beauty. The f-how is made up of many grand specimens of D. Wardianum, D. Ainsworthii, D. heterocarpum, D. Findieyanum, D. Kingianum, D. fimbriatum, Djy's variety, Barkeria Skinneri, Epi- dendrum arachnoglossum, and many other pretty Epi- dendrums and Dendrobes. The Phalsenopsis-house is a beautiful sight, wiih the numbers of arching spikes of the sweet-scented, rose-coloured P. Schilleri- ana, the massive white P. grandiflora and P. amabilis, and the curiously varied but alw.iys lovely P. Stuart- iana. ailed by the long graceful spikes of the pro- fusely flowered Angrascum citratum falling over them from the shelf above in the manner which has been often admired and noted at Downside. The East Indii-houses are the least showy just now, but a specimen of Ii^ndiochilum glumaceum, with fifty spikes ; Saccolabium bellinum, and some other Sac* culabiums and Acrides are already in bloom, Mr. Lee appears to be more enlhusiastic than ever with his Orchids, for building is again about to commence. Neither Mr. Lee nor his able assistant, Mr. Woolford, need praise to encourage them. They seem to get pleasure enough out of the woik as it goes on. FILMY FERNS. The removal of a large proportion of the collec- tion of Filmy Ferns grown at Kew into a house with a lower temperature than has hitherto been considered necessary for these plants has been followed by results as satisfactory as to be worthy the attention of Fern growers. Messrs. Backhouse, of York, were perhaps the first to discover that the majority of Filmy Ferns, including even those from distinctly tropical regions, could be much better grown under artificial manage- ment when placed in a comparatively low tempera- ture than when treated as stove plants. Mr. Cooper Forster also has demonstrated by his success in the cultivation of a collection of these plants in a house where little or no artificial heat is employed that a high temperature was not only unnecessary, but very often harmful to most Filmy Ferns. Any one who remembers what miserable objects these plants were when grown in a tropical house, and who has seen the beautiful and healthy collection of them now grown in the York nurseries, or the equally healthy though smaller collection possessed by Mr. Forster, will find no difficulty in admitting that in most cases tropical treatment for Filmy Ferns was a mistake. Equally strong evidence in favour of cool treatment is shown by the condition of that part of the Kew collection which has been subjected to it, as compared with the health of the plants before they were removed from the tropical-house into the cool fernery in April last. Some anxiety was felt for the success of the experiment, because it seemed not unlikely that plants which had for a long time grown in a stove temperature all the year round would suffer from the change to a tempera- ture which in winter, owing to the heating arrange- ments, could not be kept above 50", and in very severe weather would fall as low as 45°. Instead, however, of harm resulting from this change, the effect has proved beneficial to almost every one of the plants which all through the winter have been growirg vigorously, and apparently enjoyed the lowness of the temperature. Many of the Filmies grow freely in winter time, but we were not prepared to see these " pampered " specimens take advantage of the change in so short a time. The cool fernery at Kew is a low T-^^^ped struc- ture in which Gleichenias, Nothochloenas, Asplcniums, some Adiantums, xidireTUm ,, ,, var. ohvaceum ,, tadicaas ,, ,, var. alabamense ,, „ Bo chianum ,, „ frond'^sura ,, ,, Luschnathianum ,, reni'orme ,, trichoidcum ,, venosum FOI^ESTI^Y. — « — WORK IN Tin; NURSERY : TRANSPLANTING. March is Ihe busiest month in the nurserj', the woik of which, more so than peihaps any other operation in connection with forestry, requires to be not only carefully but energetically conducted. The manuring and trenching or digging of all vacant borders, the transplanting of young trees, the prepa- ration of seed-beds, and the sowing of many kinds of tree seeds, are all duties which, during favourable weather, require prompt attention, and will tax to the utmost the energies of all employed. Hard woods of all kinds, as well as Thorns, should be trans- planted early, after which the various Pines and all such plants as are late in budding may be taken in hand, in every instance proportioning the distance in the rows to the size of plants, as well as length of time they are intended to remain in the nursery. For seedlings of Oak, Ash, Elm, Beech, &c., l8 inches between the ro*s, and 4 inches from plant to plant, will be ample, but in the case of 2 year seedlings nearly double the latter distance between individual plants may be required. Overcrowding should at all times be sedulously avoided, this being generally the bane of nursery stock, and one of the most fertile causes of failure or of weak, straggling, and slow growing trees in many of our woodlands. In trans- planting great care is also necessary to avoid cramp- ing or in any way misplacing the roots, which should be spread evenly around the base of the stem, and not, as is usually the case, all on one side. Method ok Setting Ot;T Plants. Under the present system of home management, which I may also say is the method adopted in Ihe majority of our public nurseries, a garden line is stretched along the surface of the ground where the plants are to be inserted, and a notch taken out along one side of and close to the line. The plants are March 7, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 3'i then placed against the perpendicular cut, all the roots being directed towards the planter, after which they are covered with soil and the line removed further on. Now under this treatment it is quite evident that the roots will all grow to one side and I'niduce trees ill-adapted for planting in any but the most sheltered situations. A much better method, iiUhough one requiring a little longer time, is to lake ■ III a sloping notch on both sides of the line and into which the roots can be spread to their full extent. Ily this method the roots are in a measure trained from their infancy in the position which they should occupy as forest trees, and as they will thus form a complete whoil round the base of the stem they are not only enabled to withstand the fiercest storm but to collect food from all quarters. Woodland Planting. In nursery management it Is also now well to remember that as the month advances the risk from continuous dry weather after planting increases, so that quick and careful removals can alone insure success and safety in the operation. With favourable weather all woodland planting and " beating up " should be prosecuted and quickly brought to a close. Thinning or extending game coverts may still be carried on, indeed the present time is one of the best for la)eiing such underwood as the Privet, Laurel, Rhododendron, &c. Oilers, for the cooper and basket maker, may now be cut and left standing in pools of water until required for use. Resowinc and Mending Grass Vekces. Woodland drives and all bare patches occasioned by the removal of timber should be prepared by a slight digging or forking and laid down in grass. For such purposes we find the following a good mixture : — TiDi';lIi - rass, Tail Fescue. Hard Fescue, and Meadow FLXtail, 2 lb. of each S Ij. Rough Ccclcsfoot, and imoolh-stalked Meidow, 4 lb. . "<='' 81b. Sweet-scented Vernal, and rough-sutlced Meadow, 4 lb. each S Ih. Wood .Meadow-£rass 8 1b. 13 .b. A. D. n\hs'.tr. CHINESE VEGETATION. [The following extracts are taken from a letter of the AbL>e Djvid prefixed to M. Franchet's enumera- tion of Ihe plants collected by that advenlutous trav<;iler, recently published in the Nouvdles Archives ilu Museum] : — From a naturali^i'i point of view I divide the Chtoese empire into three Urge regions — 1st, Nor- thern China, extending from the Yellow River, or HoaDg-ho, to the confines of Mantchouria ; 2i, all Eastern Mongolia, which adjoins the Great Will ; 3d, all that region, generally mountainous, which forms the South of China, including the immense basin of the Blue River or Vangtsekiang. Northern and Eastern China. The two first regions resemble each other greatly in vegetable and animal productions and in climate. The last is characterised — 1st, by great dryness, interupted in summer by occasional storms ; the rare showers of rain or snow which take place in the rest of the year are for the most part insignificant, and dews are not seen until about the commencement of July after the first rains ; 2d, by an unusually clear sky, with north winds, as disagreeable as they are fre- quent ; 3d, by the regularity of the seasons— the cold of winter and the heat of summer being rarely broken by abrupt alterations of temperature ; 4th, by a \<-bi very hot summer, and by a rigorous winter. At Pckin the severe cold commences suddenly in Novem- ber, but the waters of the rivers and sea are not frozen over until December, to thaw in March. Each summer the thermometer attains, and sometimes exceeds, 40' C. (104" Fahr.) in the shade, while the severest cold of winter varies between — S° C. (17^ Fahr.) and — 12° C. (10" F,), descending excep- tionally to — 20* C. (—4' Fahr.) ; but in Mongolia a cold of — 30" C. {22° below zero Fahr.) is not rare. This peculiarity which Northern China shows of being subject to regular alternations of hot summersand rigorous winters makes it impossible for a perennial or ligneous plant from a cold country to live there, alih.JUtjh species of tropical annuals prosper there, and are cultivated far rorth. Fur the same reason Ban. - boos aie not found in a wild slate higher than ll e Iloang-ho, although they abound in all the mountains of the South beyond Tsing-Lng. O.i the other hir d, Rice, Sesamum, Cotton, Sweet Potato, and a number of the Cucurbitacex, are cultivated with success as far as the confines of Mantchouria. Again, although China has many species of wild Vines, tie two or three varieties which are cultivated in the neighbourhood of Pekin (introduced, no doubt) only live there bec-iuse the people are careful in winter to cover them entirely with earth. It appears that several centuries ago the Chinese destroyed all the forests, perhaps to satisfy their ai^ricultural and industrial requirements — perhaps, as I believe, to destroy the haunts of the great and formidable animals {tiger and leopard) near which man could not live in security, especially if he kept but few cattle, as is the case here. It is among the reputedly inaccessible mountains that remnants of the ancient forests are found, and generally the country is without spontaneous shrubby vegetation, even on the hills. As to the plains, almost every part is so devoted to agriculture, that the indigenous plants have almost completely disappeared : especially so, as the Chinese have no meadows, and as they are careful in winter to hoe up all the wild plants with their roots to supply their kitchen fires ! The vegetation of the northern region Is poor and little varied, especially on the Mongolian plateaux, where ths meagre plots of grassCF, widely scattered, alternate with immense plots formed by Artemisiap, Iris, Glycyrrhiza, studded here and there with bushes of Caragana, Ephedra, Clematis, and Roses. Inside the Great Wall the ligneous wild vegetation which has best resisted the vandalism of the Chinese, and which gives to the flora of the country its peculiar appearance, belong to the generas Z'zyphus, Vitex, Lycium, Lespedeza, Rhamnu5, Clemati?, Eujnymus, Celastrus, Ailan- tus, Morus, Uimu-, Planera, SaHx, Populus, Bioti, Juniperus, and Pmus. Besides, on the mountains, there are the Quercus, Carpinus, Betula, Tilia, Juglans, Corylus, Corylopsis, Xanthoceras, Koelreu- leria, Larix, Abies, Vitis, Lonicera, Fraxinus, Syringa, Ligustrum, Philadelphus, many Spiraeas and Roses, Cratie^us, Sorbus, Sambucus, &c. There is no Iledera (Ivy) in the north, but Cornus and Araiia are found there. The trees which are commonly planted to shade the habitations are the Willow, Poplar, and Ailantus — often the S.iphora and Cedrela, and as a luxury the Salisburia, but these last are imported species, lil-e the Kaki, which is cultivated on a large scale on the hills. However, it is only in the mountains of Ptkin that I have seen in a wild state the black fruited Dios- pyros, while it is only in the South that I have found the D. Kaki with little yellow fruits growing spontane- ously. As to the beautiful Pinus Biingeana, which orna- ments the courts of the temple of Pckin, I have not been able to discover where it exists in a spontaneous state. Of the three or four Poplars of China the most remarkable is that which I have pointed out before under the native name of Ta-yang. To its hei ht and elegant appearance it joins the advantage of fur- nishing one of the most esteemed woods of the country. The Chinese cultivate fruit trees but little, and that badly ; however, they possess nearly all those genera that we have in the West. On this subject note that we find in the Chinese mouniains, growing in their primitive and spontaneous state, the Chestnut, Walnut, Apricot, Peach, and Cherry, but not the true Plum. Can this old land of the extreme East be the principal, or even the only cradle of these useful plants now spread through all the countries of temperate climate ? The little taste of the Chinese for fruits offers an explanation why they have neglected to domesticate the Strawberrie?, as also numerous species of Goose- berries and Raspberries, the existence of which I have proved in all their large western mountains. In the region of the Tsing-ling the productions of the Norih mix with those of the South. There, Paulownia, Catalpa, S^erculia, Cedrela, Melia, Rho- dodendrons, &c., begin to grow spontaneously ; but the greater part of the flora is Northern rather than Southern, and it seems to me to contain a good pro- portion of species peculiar to the country. The southern provinces, situate to the south of the Yangtse, have a sub-tropical climate, rain is frequent there all the year, less, however, in winter than in summer. The vegetation, also, is much more abun- dant than in the North, without being at all varied. By Kiangsi the country is verdant and the hills are covered with large herbs, with a number of bushes interspersed, and with some treei or shrubs peculiar to the South : Vitex, Pachyrhizus Irilobus, Sinilax, Liquidambar, Fortunia, Cunninghamia, the small Castanea chinensis, Rhus semialata, Chamcernp* Fortunei, ^:c. It seems that the flora of this region contrasts greatly with that of Japan. M ALT. Malt MAiiiNO will eventually gain largely by ih? repeal of the Malt-tax ; but, as I pointed out, boih before the repeal and after, at the meeting of the British Association, at York, in iSSi, farmers must lose largely. The arguments then adduced by ms have never been refuted, and experience shows their correctness. English Barley can never again attain to such prices as it might had the tax continued, and the benefits to farmers of securing malt for feeding purposes and brewing beer are so small, that they do not — and never can— compensate for a reduction in the price of Barley of is. per quarter. The tax created a monopoly in English Barley, which prac- tically kept the price at the fictitious level of at least 4.^^. per quarter above its instrinsic value. Farmers would not believe it, but it is proved by stern, incon- trovertible fact. Wheat malt would doubtless be much more largely made and used, especially at the present price of Wheat, were it not for the difficulty of growing it with the acrospire outside the husk. Further, its excess of gluten, and o'.her nitrogenous constituents, give brewers much trouble in their existing state of knowledge. Oats, when malted, a'so labour under the latter disad/aotage to a very large extent, and in com- parison with Wheat and Barley they are, ordinarily, dear. Oiherwise they milt freely, and if brewed properly make delicious beer. Combes are the rootlets of the Barley. They remove from the kernel a large proportion of the abh and nitrogenous matters, as they consist of jo per cent, or more of nitrogen compounds, with 6 to S per cent, of ash. They also contain a t reat diver;ity of acids and other substance^. Lermer detected up- wards of twenty distinct compounds in the sampUs he examined. They form good food for cattle and sheep, far better than any common food, and are much cheaper. Few farmers seem to be aware of iheir true position in this respect. Kiln dust is a very minor product of malting, but ii of use to farmers as manure. It consists uf the combes or rooilets which fall through the wire or perforated floors of kiln=, mixed with the dust and ashes carried by the ascending column of air from the fires and then deposited. The uses of malt are becoming more numerous, as it is found to be of considerable value for a variety of purposes. Of its use by brewer;, distillers, and vinegar makers every one knows, and its value to these traders is great. Its value to the agriculturist is, however, problematical. For bread and biscuit mak- ing, for various extractive condiments and medicines, we are still, as regards malt, in the experimental stage, and much remains to be discovered. Malt bread is very palatable. It possesses the advantage of remaining moist and soft when several days old. It makes delicious toas% and altogether is of considerable advan'age to sufferers from weak digestion, as it is practically partly digested food. To toothless infants who are fed upon starchy food ; m-xlt is a great boon, a^;, until the teeth are formed, children assimilate starch with great difficulty if at all, but if the starch is converted by the diastase of the malt prior to feeding, the infant can derive nouiishment and strength from it. 'Journal of the Socicly of Arts, llotitcs 0f Jiaufis. The Cultivation of Vegetables and Flowers. Messrs. Sutton hive publi;hsd a second edition of their useful treatise on the management of the flower ar^d kitchen gardens. The several articles are arranged alphabetically. A gear's work in the vegetable garden is a very serviceable reminder of what to do and h ).»' to do it, and the several articles on the pests of the garden, and the chemistry of vegetation, though some- what meagre, will be found of much service in calling attention to these matters. 312 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 7, 1885. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. r ! TUBSDAV, Mar. lo < i L r 47fiDNSSDAV, Mar. ii \ I Thursday, Mar. la | Fridav. Mar. 13 | SaturdaYi Mar. "I Royal Horticultural Society ; Meeting of Fruit and Floral Committees National Rose Society: Meeting of Execu- tive Committee, at 1 PM Sale of New and Valuable Orchids, at Protneroe & Morris' Rooms ; and of Azaleas, Roses, &c, at theirCity Auction Rooms. Sale of Imported and Established Orchids. Hardy Plants, and Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. Sale ol Lilies, Roses, and other Plants, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Sale of Imported Orchids, at Stevens' Rooms. Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. General Meeting ol the Royal Botanic Society, at 3.45 P.M. THE articles that have appeared in our columns relating to the admission of Gardeners to Kew, to the mode of obtaining gardeners for service in private establishments, and to the wages paid them, have brought us, as such subjects usually do, a number of com- munications, too large for us to insert even if we deemed it desirable to do so. The educa- tion question, we are pleased to see, has hitherto attracted the most attention, judging from the letters we have received ; and communications from the West Indies, from Australia, from New Zealand, and from India, relating to the same subject, have come to hand at a very opportune season. On some of these letters, and the deductions to be made from them, we propose to make some comment. Adverting, in the first instance, to the new regulations for the admission of young gardeners to Kew, lately published (see p. 214), we believe they are the outcome of a feeling that youths of a higher class, and with a more earnest purpose, were needed in the Royal gardens, and that it was de- sirable to secure them, if po.'isible, by making the advantages of Kew more widely known amongst young gardeners, by offering a higher rate of remuneration, and by holding out other induce- ments. Under the old regulations, any lad of approved character, and not less than two years' experience, could be entered and admitted as soon as a vacancy occurred. Inexperienced lads, who knew not how to crock a pot or water a plant, whose garden experience had been confined to walk-weeding or pot-washing, had no difficulty in getting into Kew as " royal gar- deners." It is not asserted that all the candi- dates were of this nature, but many were. The consequence of this was bad, both for the plants which such men had to take charge of, and for the credit of the gardens. It was equally bad for the men themselves, their ignorance of ele- mentary gardening standing in the way of their progress, and often the last state of such men was worse than the first. The new form of application fixes a higher standard, and offers a higher rate of wages. Kew ought to stand higher in the estimation of gardeners, who should look upon it as a " high school " through which they should pass, and instead of being con- sidered, as by some it has been — with what justice we need not stop to enquire — a refuge for the inefficient the gardens should become the first school of horticulture in the world. The exceptional advantages for the practice of first-rate horticulture, for instructing " rising hopes " in the more scientific branches of the profession, and in other ways rendering high service to gardening, might be turned to the best account. The services rendered by Kew to the colonies and India, and to scientific botany, are the theme of universal admiration. Some- thing more might now be done for practical horti- culture. Kew has her opportunities, and she ought to avail herself of them by taking horti- culture by the hand, thus effecting a great good, and, by doing it, benefit herself. At present we believe most of the gardeners (journeymen) are employed indoors. If trees, shrubs, borders, and herbaceous plants could also be taken in hand and properly worked it is easy to see how both Kew and horticulture might be benefited. At present the outdoor collections, except on the rockeries, are mostly kept in natural orders, re- gardless of the requirements of dififerent species — a plan well suited for botanical students, but not adapted for horticultural requirements . Both these conditions, as well as the demands of visitors who come to see and enjoy rather than to study, have to be met at Kew, and enor- mously add to the expense and difficulty of management. First and foremost come the requirements of scientific botany, which can nowhere else be so well met as at Kew. The students' department should be extended, and, as now, be kept sepa- rate, and arranged purely on scientific methods. As a general principle to be acted on, as far as circumstances allow, everything should be grown and tested at Kew. Its nomenclature should be verified, its habit of growth recorded, its peculiarities of structure noted, its flowers analysed and drawn, and specimens preserved for the herbarium. Only a very small propor- tion would need to be kept in cultivation — only those which have some special value as typical of structure, or as ornamental plants, but what is grown should be grown as well as possible. This brings us to the second point of import- ance, the requirements of scientific and experi- mental horticulture, which are intimately asso- ciated with the preceding, and of which good cultivation is the natural outcome. Much more may be learnt, even by the botanist, from a well cultivated specimen than from one that is in- differently grown. Last of all in importance, so far as Kew is concerned, are such matters as summer flower-beds, and other purely decora- tive objects of no special horticultural or botani- cal interest, but to which a certain amount of attention must be paid in order to please the tax-paying public and provide something for all tastes. Reverting to the question of the work of the garden, young gardeners have, we are in- formed, each a separate charge, which they manage under directions from foremen. In addition, the work in each department is shared by all men employed in it. Thus a man in the ferneries has a portion of the collection to water and clean, &c., and also to assist in potting the whole collection, and in all bulky work. Instead of cutting the work up into bits for each man, watering and clean- ing only are thus treated ; all important work is, we believe, done by gangs under foremen. The men are changed, as often as consistent, from one department as they desire it. On three morn- ings a week the whole of the men are, we believe, allowed half or three-quarters of an hour to visit other departments, and see all that is going on. Under the old regime the men were not allowed to do anything but clean plants during public hours ; now they go on with usual work all day. So far as educational requirements are con- cerned, lectures on chemistry, structural and geographical botany, are already given, and are well attended ; and it might be well if the men were subjected to an examination at the end of each course, and prizes or some other in- ducement to steady work offered. Lectures on practical horticultural subjects — such, for in- stance, as soils, manures, the structure and physiology of plants, with special reference to the requirements of cultivation— the most important operations in gardening, such as pro- pagation, grafting, &c , might be given. At present there is, we are informed, a reading society, which meets every Thursday evening in the library. The garden library is open every night till 10 o'clock, and is much ap- preciated. There is a good collection of books, and most of the garden periodicals are taken. Good as the present modicum of theoretical instruction may be to the fortunate few who can get it, it is obviously inadequate, and we have only to point to what is done in Belgium, in Germany, and France, to see how far behind we are in this country in the matter of the higher education of gardeners. We have so often alluded to this subject that it becomes stale iteration to revert to it ; nevertheless, we cannot avoid substantiating our statements by again calling attention to the exhibition made in the " Healtheries " last year, of the means adopted in Belgium and France to promote this object. Perhaps the following letter from an old Kew employ^ may have more force than anything we can say on the matter. In any case it is a valuable contribution to the discus- sion : — " As a gardener, who has worked at Kew, while recog- nising the unique advantages it offers to young men for botanical study, I think it ought to afford them more than this ; for though Kew gives matchless advantages and opportunities to young men for becoming acquainted with the appearance and nomenclature of an immense number and variety of plants, yet it provides no course of instruction as to their cultivation. I think Kew ought to provide this knowledge also, by giving to the young men a systematic course of instruction in the principles and theory of horticulture, which should make Kew a national training school, of horticulture, and which, owing to its vast resources and advantages, it is better quaUfied to be than any other place. But at present no such adequate national school exists. I believe that the best authorities will agree with me, that young English gardeners require more systematic instruction in horti- culture, to enable them to successfully compete with their better trained Continental brethren, and I think they ought to be able to obtain this insti^uction at Kew. That the present system at Kew is inadequate to do anything of this sort no one who is acquainted with the routine there will tlispute. As no frtiit or vegetables are grown at Kew, the knowledge and experience gained there is necessarily to that extent imperfect, and a young man who possessed no other knowledge than that which Kew at present gives would tie quite incompetent to undertake tlie management of a garden as an all-round gardener — a cultivator of fruits and vegetables as well as flowers. What is required is a System of instruction which would thoroughly demon- strate to the students the theory of horticulture, and make the practical cultivation of plants more a matter of practice based on inductive reasoning than a ' rule of thumb,' which it too often is at present. In my opinion the best way to attain this most desirable end would be to establish a course of lectures on horticulture, accom- panied by periodical competitive examinations in order to test the progress of the students in their subject. Though under the new regulations young men will be expected to be pretty well up in practical gardening before they come to Kew, yet though they may have a certain amount of ' rule of thumb ' knowledge, yet from lack of opporturti- ties and advantages they are not likely to possess a sound knowledge of the principles and theory of horticulture, on which all scientific practice depends, and \ think the best means o( affording the young men this information would be by the establishment of a comprehensive course of lectures [and demonstrations, especii^Uy demonstra- tions !] — a course of lectures worthy of tha.t central station that Kew should be, namely, a national, training school of horticulture, and the head-quarters of scientific gardening, as well as the head-quarters of the science of botany." We look on the above communication as specially important as coming from one who has passed through the ordinary routine at Kew, and one who is evidently impressed with the need of a fuller system of education than gardeners, as a rule, can now get. It has often been suggested that the Horticultural Society should undertake this work, and, indeed, fitful efforts have been made in past years, and even now, perhaps, Chiswick might co-operate with Kew and supply in a measure what Kew cannot undertake ; but to look to the Royal Horticultural Society to become the School of Horticulture is to look at a mirage. Another letter, received from a correspondent in one of our colonies, and who, if we mistake not, also spent some time at Kew, may be here inserted as giving the views of one who has risen in his calling and has a correct apprecia- tion of some at least of the reasons why he has done so. Our correspondent says : — " Some years ago test examinations of young gar- deners were undertaken by the Society of Arts and also by the Royal Horticultural Society. Lately, however, March 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 313 I have seen nothing showing their continuance, which is much to be regretted. I was one of those ex- amined nearly twenty years ago, and feel the great benefit derived from the study requisite before going up for the examination, not only for the purpose in hand, but chiefly as an incentive to further study. The certificates I obtained have so far proved of little direct value to me ; but that has been more than com- pensated for by the knowledge derived during the pre- paration to obtain them, and the love of study by this means inculcated. If I may suggest such a thing, it would appear to me, that if possessors of large private gardens, Curators of Botanic Gardens, and of the Colonial and Indian botanical establishments, were requested to throw open appointments in each of their respective establish- ments to men who passed in the first, second, or third grades respectively, and such appointments were published by the Examining Committee after each examination, aminations, as a rule, should be progressive, i.e.., the first grade should first be passed, but this need not be absolutely adhered to, but in such a case the educa- tional test of the three R.'s should be first passed before going into the other subjects in the higher grades. Each grade should carry its own remuneration. If the first is put at ^loo to £jq per annum the second would follow at £jo to ^"50, and the third, who would pro- bably be but begmners, at j^5o to j^30 per annum. I might easily point to examples selected from the list of those who have passed the old examination, which enable me to speak with confidence of tlie success of such a scheme. I am sure myself that I could never have held my present position (worth ^200 per annum) had I not in the first place undertaken the study so necessary to be undertaken by a candidate for such an examination." We have now selected evidence, from among those best qualified to give it, of the necessity for that higher education of gardeners which we beauty of its foliage (fig. 59). As a single specimen on a lawD during the summer months it is unequalled, and for so-called sub-tropical work it is unapproached by hosts of more tender things which require no little care and attention. Even in the smoke-laden atmo- sphere of large towns it thrives apace, and produces leaves of large size. A few years ago these columns contained an account of a plant which had grown to be the most conspicuous object in a small square in the heart of London itself. It is almost indifferent to soil ; we have seen it thriving in deep alluvial loam, in a heavy clay, and in dry gravelly soils. In the latter, however, it does not grow so fast as under more favourable conditions. Not unfrequently the leaves attain a length of more than 3 feet, the breadth at the base equalling the length. By some authorities A. mandschurica is considered to Fig. 59.— aralia chinensis var, mandschurica. sufficient inducement would be afforded, and would un- doubtedly result in numbers coming up for examination. The appointments might be arranged for by the Examin- ing Committee (which should consist of men eminent as well for their scientific as for their cultural qualifications) entering into correspondence with the various proprietors, curators, &c., some time beforehand, ascertaining the na- ture of the appointment, the rate of remuneration, and the facilities for acquirement of knowledge afforded by the appointment, bad personal character alone being a bar to the appointment of any approved candidate. The grades respectively should carry an equivalent remuneration, though it might be allowed to vary in each individual grade, in accordance with circumstances. The first grade should t)e examined in botany — elementary, descriptive ; elementary, vegetable physiology ; chemistry, light and heat, horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture, &c. The second should be examined in botany, elementary ; horticulture, fruit and vegetables ; arboriculture, floricul- ture, &c. The third should be examined in horticulture, culture of fruit and vegetables, floricultiure. The ex- have, in season andJ_out of season, advocated from our knowledge of the superiority of our Continental neighbours in these particulars. Now that those who are or who have been in the ranks begin to feel the same necessity, we may have hopes of better things, and of some remedy being found for other evils — such as a low rate of wages — touched on by other corre- spondents, and alluded to in the onset of this note, but the discussion of which we must leave to a future occasion. Aralia chinensis var. mandschurica.* — No tree or shrub, hardy in the climate of Great Britain, surpasses the subject of this note in the • DiMORPHANTHUS KLATUS, Miq. ; D. mandschuricus, Max. ; Aralia mandschuricus, Max. ; A.japonica^ Hort. be specifically identical with A. spinosa, the Angelica tree, or Hercules Club of North America. They are certainly nearly allied, but for garden purposes they are abundantly distinct. A, mandschurica has much larger and handsomer leaves, and a nearly naked — not more or less densely prickly — generally unbranched stem, which attains a height of S feet (are there any taller specimens in this country?), and forms a magnificent horizontal crown of foliage, from the centre of which emerges much branched panicles of creamy-white flowers, followed — in favoured spots in hot summers — by black Ivy- like berries. There is a form with golden variegated leaves in cultivation on the Continent. We recently saw a description of it in a German periodical, but are unable to state whether or not it has yet found its way to this country. A. canescens of Siebold and ZuccARiNi has leaves decidedly hoary beneath, 314 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [March 7, 1SS3. but otherwise does not seem to differ from A. cbinensis ; thererore, lil^e A. mindschurica, it must be placed under that species as a variety. Our illus- tration is talien from a plant in the nursery of Messrs. BuNVARD, of Maidstone, who kindly sent us speci- mens oi the fruit ripened during the last summer. For subtropical work Messrs. Eljnyard recommend it to be cut down in the autumn when it will spring up again in great beauty in the foUo.ving season. Royal Pltrveyors. — Messrs. Wills & Segar, Onslow Crescent, South Kensington, have received the Royal Warrant appointing them Florists to Her Majesty the IJUEEN. Messrs. William Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, will mike a special exhibition of Camellias in pots in flower at the next meeting of the Floral and Fruit Committees at South Kensington on March 10. Hull and East Riding Chry'santhe- MUM Society. — We learn from the first annual report of this Society that its last season's exhibition was a great success — a fact surprising when the very Ute formation of the Society is borne in mind, as it was on September 15, 1SS4, that it was resolved, at a mseting held in Hull to form a society with the above designation. Starting the present year with a bjlance of more than ^77 actually in hand gives good promise of a successful gathering in due season. Effect of Pruning.— MM. Casocia and Savastano have recently compared the analysis of Ihe juice of pruned and unpruned Vines respectively. The A'ines, belonging to nine distinct varieties, occupied I hectare of space (zj acres) ; half were pruned, the other half were left intact. On analysing the juice it was found that that produced from the unpruned Vines was the richest in sugar and the leaU acid. It would be well il similar experiments could be made on Vines gto*n on the extension system and otherwise. Effect or Polarised Light.— A corre- spondent of Nature attributes the absence of trees in the extreme north of Scotland, the Shetland Isles, &c., in part to the fact that the light in those high latitudes is polarised, and polarised light is well known to be much less intense in its chemical action than o:d nary white light. Ex -ITER Appls and Pear Show.— We are informed, throujh a circubr sent by the Hon. Secretary, Mr. J I. Pengelly, that the great success attenJing the show in 1SS4 has induced the com- miUee to make arrangem;n!s for another exhibition this year, to be h,.ld on Thursday and Friday, Oc'ober 22 and 2J ; and, in compliance with a generally expressed wish, the classifications will be based upon a scheme securing a fairer mode of competition to z\\ exhibitors. The prizes have been considerably increased, and the schedule con- tains fifty three classes, among which will be the following : — Four for trade growers exclusively, two for tenant-farmers, four for private growers having gardeners, two for private growers not having gardeners, and one for Devonshire cottagers. The lull schedule of prizes and rules for the year 18S5 will be ready for distribution early in .\ugust. Ceara Ruiiuer in Ceylon. — In a communi- cation to Ihe .^gri-IIorlicullural Society of Madras, Messrs. William Uros , of lleneralgoda, Ceylon, say :— "We have tapped a Ceara rubber tree of six years of age. Three days successive tapping by an ordinary knife ^ave S| oz. dried rubber. Ceylon Ceara rubber has already been valued in Lindon at 3.1. to 41. per pound, and the operation can be per- formed twice a year. Three hundred Ceara rubber trees to the acre, at 12 feet apart, at I lb. of rubber per tree, gives 300 lb. per annum ; at I rupee per pound this would realise 300 rupees. The cost for tapping is es-.imited as follows : — Coolies pay, super- intendence, and other expenses, per acre, per annum, 100 rupees ; giving a profit of 200 rupees per acre per annum. This is stated to be very encouraging, con- sidering the little outlay required. The quantity of rubber increases yearly with the age of the tree, but experience shows that it is not advisable to tap Ceara trees under the age of five years. Ceara rubber seeds," it is said, can be grown without filing, as fol- lows : — Keep the seeds in cold water for six days, put in the nursery, and covered about half an inch with soil, about 2 or 3 inches apart, and water twice a day in dry weather. The nursery should not be shaded, or the seeds will perish. Seeds will begin to germinate one month after planting, and will take from two to four months to complete the germina- tion." Primula sinensis.— This pretty class of winter flowers seems to get additional attractions each succeeding year, as was well observed in a fine col- lection brought for our inspection from Messrs. Carter & Co., Hi^h Holborn. There were all the well-known Holborn blues, magentas, and crimsons, and some slightly doubled forms in Village Maid, a pale lilac ; Snowflake, a very pale flesh tint, and a cerise-coloured kind. The blooms were of medium size, firm of substance, and possessed eyes of greenish- yellow, of much variety of form and dimensions. Orchids in Australia.— The great island continent of the South is not devoid of Orchids, as the splendid publication of Fitzgerald shows. It is not improbable that this work, which has from time to time been noticed in our columns, may have done something to stimulate the curiosity of the inhabitants. At any rate it is certain that the taste for Orchid culture is extending in regions that within the memory of man was untrodden wilderness. The Bendii^o Advertiser has a whole column devoted to the account of an importation of Orchids made by Messrs. Kmght Brothers, of Sandhurst (,ome hundred miles from Melbourne). Messrs. Knight received their first consignment direct from Mr. Bull on Christmas eve, after a journey of two months, when they were necessarily exposed to great fluctua- tions of temperature. Nevertheless the fifty-one well chosen varieties arrived in excellent condition, and form an acceptable addition to a consignment which the same enterprising firm imported direct from the Himalayas. Fifteenyears ago, says the Bendigo Adver- tiser, no one would have thought of such a thing as importing Orchids from England, even to Melbourne. Messrs. Knight, in a letter before us, attribute the success of their present venture to the care and skill exercised by the packer, and give practical proof of their appreciation in a way that is not commonly experience, but which must be very gratifying to the recipient. Thvrsacanthus rutilans at Gunners- bury House.— Mr. Hudson, who has the gardens at Gunnersbury House under his charge, and who deservedly ranks high as a floral decorator, is giving admirable effect to a happy thought, in which he uses this charming winter blooming plant for house decoration. He has a number of plants in 32-sized pots ; these were grown on until they attained a suit- able height, then stood in a line on the front of the back stage of his stove-house, the heads fastened to lines of stout wire running lengthwise along the rafters ; the result being that there is a most cftective line of long pendulous racemes laden with tubular shaped bright scarlet flowers hanging down by the side of the pa'hway alon^ the house. The effect is excellent, and one sees at a glance how great is the deC'irative value of such a plant. This method of emplojing it also shows the flowers off to the very best advantage, and they appear all the more tITective because hanging below a charming drapery of green. NoiTINCIIAM. Lambs !— Some 200 men en- gaged at the relief works of the Nottingham Corporal ion becoming dissatisfied with the conduct of the holders of the allotment gardens near the work=, the other day proceeded with picks and shovels and completely demolished the fences and other property in over 100 gardens. The police were powerless to interfere. The Imports of Caoutchouc. — Messrs. HOCHT, Levis & Kahn, in their caoutchouc report for 1SS4, state that ihe year was "one of, if not the most remarkable in the annals of the indiarubbtr trade." The price of the leading sort, fine Para, fur- nished by Hevea brasiliensis, gradually declined, with few temporary reactions, from 4.r. on January 5 to 2s. in July, thus showing a fall of 50 per cent, in a little over six months. The reason of the decline is said to be due to accumulated large stocks, at times pressing on the market ; to a decrease of consumption in the United States of America, one of the largest consumers of rubber; and to the "inevitable rcac'ion from the artificially high and unwarranted rates at which a reckless and desperate specu- lation had succeeded in keeping them for some years." The total exports from Para to all ports are estimated at 10,600 tons, against 10, 130 tons in 18S3. The exports into London and Liverpool diring the year were 4610 tons against 4637 tons in 1SS3, showing a decrease of 27 tons. Oi the total exports from Para the United States have taken about 5900 tons direct from Para, besides which ihty have also taken moderate quantities from Europe. The imports into Liverpool of Ceara scrap rubber from Manihot Gtaziovii amounted to 80 tons— a slight increase on the imports of the previous year. Of Central American rubber (Castilloa elastica) the imports were 35 tons, and of the African kinds, from species of Landolphia, the imports were 1650 tons. The imports into London were as follows : — Assam and Rangoon, 250 tons ; Borneo, 390 tons ; Penang and Java, 90 tons ; Mozambique, S60 tons ; Madagas- car, 135 tons; and of Central American, West Indian, Columbian, Carthagena and Guayaquil, 235 tons collectively. SPRING CROCUSES. From the time of Linnaeus, who regarded all the Crocuses, both autumnal and vernal, as variations of one species, down to the present day, an immense stride has been made towards a full and accurate knowledge of these popular garden flowers. Although this popularity is confined to comparatively few species, and many are satisfied in cultivating the large-flowered garden forms of Crocus vernus, toge- ther with the common or Dutch yellow, 3 wide fie'd of ever varying forms and colours is open to any one possessed of a bit of garden ground and the requisite taste for flowers. It is needless to refer to the almost universally grown C. vernus in the following enumeration ; but that figured in the Bilaiiica! AIa<;a:ine, I. 45, as a variety of it is the Dutch yellow, C. luteus of Lamarck, and merely a garden form of C. aureus. The latter is the parent of numerous garden forms, the origin of which is obscure or altogether unknown. C. msesi. acus. Botanical A/at^azifte, t. 1 1 It, C. lageoteflorus, Botanical Magazine, t. 2655, C. lagensflorus lacteus lutescens, Botanical Alaoazine, t. 3S69, and several other varieties, such as striatus and sulphureus, ore all referable to C. aureus. Botanical A/aoazine, t. 29S6. They flower considerably in advance of ihe varieties of C. vernus, and are all extremely interest- ing and choice garden plants, diverging from the golden-yellow type with paler flowers, or variously striped and feathered on the external face of the outir segments with bronzy lines. C. stellaris, of unknonn origin, closely resembles some of the striped forms f-f C. aureus when unexpanded, but during direct sun- shine the segments of the former spread out in a stellate manner, while the flowers of the latter are always cup-shaped. By attending to such simple facts of ordinary observation the Crocuses can so be individualised as to be recognisable at sight. The old Cloth of Gold, C. Susianus, Botanical Magazine, I. 652, is an extremely hardy and early flowering species, and was known to Parkinson, who, 'like others of the same school, regarded it as a variety of C. vernus. It is closely allied to C. stellaris, but the markings are darker in colour, and the three outer segments are reflexed, never closing up again when once expanded — a character that is unique in Ihe genus. C. Olivieri, a hardy free flowering species «i,h fragrant orange-coloured flowers, must not be omitird here. It was formerly considered a variety of C. lagenreflorus, but is assigned its true value as a species in the Botanical Ma;a^Jne, t. 6031. lis smaller flowers and much divided stigmas distin- guish it. Another group of species, with striped or feathered markings, that associate well for garden purpose--, would include the early-flowering C. Impcrati, fol- lowed by C. versicolor, C. biflorus, and their varieties. The first is well known by the buff ground colour of its outer segments, and is a robust vigorous grower. The second typically is darker and more nearly uniformly feathered on all its segments, but is also recognisable by a delicious fragrance resembling Primroses (some say Violets). P.y this means it is easily distinguished from some of the large garden forms of C. biflorus, such as Clolh of Silver, the smell of which is rather disagreeable than otherwise. The wild forms, variable as they are, present no difficul-y to an ordinary observer. The interior of the flower March 7, iSSj,] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. o'o is white, with scarlet stigmas. Botanically ihe two species in question are widely separated. Besides C. vernus, there are several other highly ornamental species with blue, lilac, or purple flowers. Amongst these C. Sleberi, Botanical Ma^azine^ t. 6036, is an eaily flowerlnir blue species, or deep lilac verging on purple, with an orange throat. It is synonymous with C. nivalin, which name would refer to its flowering as soon as uncovered by the snow. C. banaticus, a deep bluish-purple, and C. :i;riu5, with bright blue flowers blotched wiih purple on the base of the segments, are very choice. This by no means exhausts the list of seasonable and decorative kinds worth cultivating. They may all be seen, with the exception of some varieties mentioned, in the Kew collection, lately greatly enriched by Mr. G. Maw. Crocuses should not be grown in herbaceous borders subject to much digging, as the corms soon get buried too deeply. They are amenable to endless variety of arrangement, but never look so natural as when growing in scattered irregular clumps or patches on the grass. Four or five species have been figured in English Botany as naturalised. J, F. THE SHRUBBERY AND PLEASURE GROUND. If not already done, no time must be lost in planting young trees wherever required, and cutting out all dead wood. Before planting the young trees the old soil should be removed, and a quantity of loam sufficient for the trees for some years to come put in its place to plant them in. It is quite a waste o.' lime and money to plant young trees without this precaution being taken, as it is seldom that satisfac- tory results are gained by sticking in trees and shrubs in soil that is much exhausted. PR0PAG.\TI0N OF THE SUMMER BeDDING PlANTS. This should now have every attention, so as to get the plants well established by the time they are required. Look over your stock to ascertain if you have got a sufficient quantity of each kind, and if not lo^e no time in making up the number by putting in every cutting available. If put int j bjttom-heat they will soon and easily strike, and soon make good plants — such plants as Dahlias, Begonia?, Lobelias, Pelar- goniums, Ageratumi, Iresines, Coleu-, Alternanthcras, Calceolarias, and all those kinds that are required for bedding out. If the number of available cu'.tings are few, sow seeds of such of the kinds as are wanting. Sow seeds in strong heat of the following kinds of sub- tropical plants : — Wigandia, Solanums, Ferdinandas, Acacia Lo[ hantha, and Cannas of sorts ; [Ricinus, Eucalyptus globulus, Nicotiana of various kinds, Chilian Beet. These will give a beautiful tfTcct if planted in sheltered places about the gardens, giving great relief to the general aspect of the gardens and pleasure ground. IVm. Sviythe^ The Gardens^ Basing Patk^ Acton^ yP^UITg ^NDEF^ ^Ql-Agg. CHERRIES. Few things are, perhaps, more interesting and attractive at this season than a Cherry-house when the trees are full of blossom. In the house which is devoted solely to Cherries here, this is the case at the present time, namely March 2, Amongst the kinds we cultivate for size in the flower and purity of its whiteness none is so remarkable and transparent in appearance as the Ellon variety. Fertilisatiov. At this time the most important matter to be done is the fertilisation of the flowers. As yet we have not had any assistance from the bees— a circum- stance which naturally makes the artificial operation of fertilising the flowers demand more attention than usual, and it should therefore be persistently followed up as the blooms open until a crop of fruit is secured. Temterature. By no means endeavour to promote growth in the trees hastily ; 45* at night and 50" in ih^ daytime by fire-heat is ample for the presenf, and 60' should still remain the standard point 03 opening and shutting up thehouie. If warm weather prevails out-of-doors, so as to raise the temperature inside much beyond this point, open the house entirely. General Management. Syringe the trees at closing-up lime in the a''ternoon every day, and repeat it next morning if the loliage has become dry, otherwise merely sprinkle the border and paths, ^:c. When the shoots have made about five leaves pinch out the points of all, excepting those rtquircd for first supplies of wood. If fumigation was resorted to as advised before the trees came into flort'er neither green nor black fly are likely to abound now, but if this was not done it is quite probable that these insects are already present ; if so, fumigation should be resorted to imme- diately the fruit is properly set, or else the trees should be syringed over with strong quasiia wa'er ; and in order that this may pass easily through the syringe it is necessary to enclose the chips in a bag, which should be submerged in the water a day or two before it is wanted for use. The next pest to which Cherry trees are particularly liable when grown under glass is a small maggot, which will be found rolled up in the leaves, from whence they travel to the fruit, and, boring into it, so destroy it ; the only sure remedy to eradicate the pest is to examine the leaves minutely and destroy the grubs by hand. G. 7. MiUs, Wycoinhe Alley. <*j\C filants and i\ni{ £ultuiif. TEMPERATURES, &c. After the rearrangement of the houses is com- pleted the temperatures by day and by night should be gtadually increased. For a warm stove 65° to 6S° by night would induce an active growth, with a rise by day of 10° to 15°, or even 20°, rather than give too much top air during keen cutting winds, with sun- shine to run up the temperature. An extra amount of top air should be carefully avoided during the early spring months, as it allows of too rapid an escape of atmospheric moisture, which is trying to the plants for the time being. Rather than this should occur I prefer lo use a slight shading for an hour or two dur- ihe middle of the day, and an additional application of the syringe upon the plants. Early closing should likewise be practised, to box up, as it were, as much heat from the sun as can be done with safety. In the case of a stove with a mi.^ced collection of plants, con- sisting of those genera that are best grown somewhat cooler, a few degrees less than the above quotations should be the rule. In this case the amount of mois- ture in the air must be slightly reduced, to avoid injury from damp. The night temperatures are given for mild genial weather, but a reduction of about 5° should rule if frosty weather or easterly winds prevail. If the blinds are already fixed we should advise their u;e during the night at such times as these rather than drive the fires too severely. Exotic Ferns. POTTI.NG. — These will now, in most cases, be showing signs of starling into active growth. This will give us intimation that they are in need of extra attention. Putting in every needful case ought to be seen to without delay, and among the first to receive attention should be Adian- tum cuneatum. Young growing stock of this in- dispensable Fern, if pot bound, should receive a shift. Larger clumps that may have lost some of their vigour and become still weaker in the centre, could with advantage be divided for small stock. Large plants are not desirable when grown for cut purposes, neither are the most durable fronds to be obtained from large plants either. Six and S-inch pots ate ample for all such, and if a great run is made upon the stock it will take some time to get them much beyond these limits in a vigorous con- dition. In order to obtain such fronds as will prove to be the most lasting when cut, full exposure to the light, with a free circulation of air and a miderate temperature only, will attain these re- sults. If the old fronds are shabby, we would prefer to cut them clean away, rather than they should in any way impede the young growth which will soon take their place. A liberal use of loam in the soil will tend lo produce good lasting fronds ; these thus grown will be paler in colour than usual — this is ihe shade that is now most sought after. During the potting of the stove plants some seedlings may have been obtainible, these should be looked after to supply fresh stock. Next to A. cuneatum perhaps A. gracillimum is one of the most uselul of the genus, and for these purposes should be grown under the same conditions, yaz/ws //ui/sofu Giiniiiishiiry House GarJms, Ailoii, IK umm MUSHROOMS. Dispense wiih fire-heat in houses so long as the temperature does not fall below 55° or even 50", if a plentiful supply is coming on. Fire-heat is prejudicial to the production of good fleshy Mushrooms, and it also shortens the period of bearing. The quantity of water which Is necessary for the surface of the beds, and to sprinkle about the floor and walls to keep the proper atmospheric condition, will depend on the way and position in which the house is formed. Houses built with the walls partly under or wholly under ground will require but little attention in this respect, and here the finest produce will be found. Not so in many of the houses built above the natural surrounding ground, with thin walls and slate roofs, and heated with hot-water pipes, which are obliged to be heated during severe weather to an injurious degree, in order to maintain a growing tem- perature. In such the surface of beds must be frequently syringed with tepid water, and all available surfaces kept damped, or dried up, miserable produce will be the result. In such houses it is as well to cover the beds lightly, to arrest evaporation. Beds from which good Mushrooms may be expected can be made up now in cool moist sheds facing north, bthind shady walls, or in the open, where the beds will receive some shade later on. If a warm frame can be devoted to Vegetable Marrows, a few seeds miy now be sown, and they will succeed perfectly well if planted on a gentle hotbed in a frame without hot-water at the beginning of April, making full use of sun-heat in the afternoon, ani covering up to expel frosts. G. If. RichzrUs, nhf{ |ici;ki;eous liorjhi;. TRANSPLANTING FLORISTS' FLOWERS. From this time forward plants and rooted cuttings of the hardy and half-hardy florists' flowers that add beauty to the flower garden may filly be transplanted to the positions they are to bloom in, and as the last ten days here were more like fine days in April than mid-February, I took advantage thereof to do so. Iq ordinary seasons and ordinary soils there would as yet be "no growth in the ground," that is, the temperature would be so reduced by the winter's cold as to be less than that of the open air, and therefore n^t favourable to growth. Ttiis winter, so far, only once did my thermometer register 7" of frost, or 25° Fahr., and that passed away before the sun peeped out the following day, so that I have Pelargoniums planted against a wall uninjured in the open air, that have had no protection; Veronicaroseagrandifloranever ceased to bloom ; and this morning I observed a for- ward bud on that best of all outdoor Tea Roses, Gloire de Dijon. Somuchfor our winter in the south of Ireland. Though hardy bulbs are undoubtedly late, for some reason I have not yet seen satisfactorily explained — I could understand the reverse happening, remember- ing the splendid ripening autumn — for this season and the aforesaid mild winter, the soil should contain an unusual amount of stored-up heal. It certainly 3i6 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 7, 1885. has not been abstracted by a severe winter. For these reasons, then, I think planting, or transplanting, should not be delayed, for the customary reasons. Permit me then to refer briefly to a few matters of present interest, commencing with Outdoor Carnations and Picotees. I am not sure, after the Roses, if those should not come next. Mr. Douglas very properly says, '"the largest proportion of them may be successfully grown in beds or borders and propagated by layers." To the first I agree, but I have never seen the necessity of layering when nine-tenths of all the cuttings I put in root in the open air without care and without trouble. It was those rooted cuttings (pipings) I had been transferring a few days since, each with its ball of earth, from the cutting boxes. Success depends on having the cuttings fairly ripened or hardened, and put in early so as to give them a chance of rooting before winter. I have often tried rooting on a hot- bed, but have long since given it up. For the 6rst time I noticed that the Carnation buds that remained unopened when the temperature fell last November, are now commencing to expand and promise us much beauty and brilliancy for the next nine months. Of what other flower can as much be said ? The Antirrhinum. When you get a good variety of this which pleases you — tastes dififer in the matter of colours— try and keep it by propagating cuttings. You can have no guarantee that even carefully preserved and selected seed will not become hybridised by bees or otherwise, or they may sport. I limit myself to three kinds — the striped and barred, pure white, and a deep velvety blood-red. If cuttings are taken off just as they be- come firm at the base, and put into a box of sandy loam, they root in a fortnight in August or September. Transfer to beds or borders any time from this forward. Pansies. These have now formidable competitors for public favour in the Violas. Both are quite hardy, but I occasionally meet people disposed to " coddle " them in frames or greenhouses. Even in the smoky manu- facturing districts of Lancashire and Yorkshire I have invariably found they did best fully exposed. No better time for transferring to a new bed, or filling up blanks, than the present. Left with a ball of earth and the Pansy or Viola continues on its course without check. I so like all three — fancy, show and Viola — that I would say, "grow some of each." It is so hard to define the difference between a Pansy and Viola, especially the recent introductions of the latter, that I take them together. The Polyanthus. The gold-laced are very beautiful, but require extra attention to keep them. Those I kept during the winter in a cold frame are now transferred to the open border. The fancy kmds take care of them- selves, and are very robust. Between the hot sun and consequent red-spider, mine lost every leaf last autumn, but are now again commencing to bloom. There are many other florists' flowers that will now require attention, such as tuberous Begonias, Dahlias, Holly- hocks, Gladioli, Phloxes, Fentstemons, and Pyre- thrums. W. J. M., Clonmel. Ranunculus Lyalli. This grand New Zealand species proves difficult of cultivation in this country. This is not to be wondered at when its native habitat in the damp gullies of the high alpine regions is taken into account. The finest plants I ever saw were situated at the foot of a waterfall, where they were dashed with the fine spray. The two finest plants I have seen in this country were in the collection of the late Mr. I. Anderson-Henry, of Edinburgh, but the situa- tion chosen did not suit them. These had been raised from seed, which had lain dormant for four years before vegetating. Those who have sown seeds of this plant should not disturb them till three years have elapsed. I know of several plants in this country, but their owners do not appear to know their wants, consequently they only exist. AOeria, Hellkborus corsicui. In looking" over the herbaceous border some time since in the York Nurseries, I was much pleased with the beauty of this truly noble Hellebore, especially at the dull season of the year. It forms a large handsome bush, about 2 feet high, and as much in diameter. The leaves are thrice divided into large deeply serrated dark green divisions of a thick leathery texture. Each growth or stem was about to burst into flower ; the blossoms are very numerous, and are of a light yellowish-green. I have frequently seen this plant in the London nurseries, when it presented a starved gaunt appearance, which may possibly arise from it objecting to the London clay, which made it all the more welcome to see it in such splendid vigour, and so highly ornamental. I also noticed a consider- able number of young plants, which seemed equally at home. R. Potter. New Delphiniums. It is worthy of notice that new Delphiniums are in course of much more numerous production in the United Kingdom than they were a few years ago. Then we used to look almost exclusively to the Con- tinent to supply new varieties ; now our home pro- ductions are both numerous and fine. Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons, florists, Edinburgh, appear to have taken a most decided lead in this work. This year they announce nine new varieties, selected from a very fine batch of seedlings of their own raising, fine in colour and perfect in habit, as follows : — Desde- mona, indigo-blue, with white eye, magnificent spike, and extra fine. Favourite, very fine pale blue, grey eye j distinct and very fine. Glitter, bright blue, with white eye ; very dwarf habit. Her Majesty, dark blue, with white eye ; a semi-double of dwarf compact habit. Maid of Athens, cobalt-blue, with white eye, and tinged with delicate lilac ; semi- double. Mrs. Gamp, azure-blue, with rich lilac centre ; very large semi-double flowers ; extra fine. Rob Roy, dark blue, with white eye ; fine branching spike. Theodore, rosy-purple, with grey eye ; semi- double, very fine, dwarf habit. And The Prince, brilliant blue, the centre of the petals lilac, grey eye ; fine compact spike. The value of the Delphinium as an effective border plant cannot be too highly esti- mated. The varieties yield blue shades of a desirable character. The plants do well in a rich deep loam, and they are thoroughly perennial in character. R, D. |)rd|id |[atfs and ||liainnp. HUGH LOW & Cd'S NURSERY, UPPER CLAPTON. A VISIT to the above nursery will convince any one what a wholesale trade is carried on with Orchids, and the rapid strides they have taken of late years in public favour. Ten or fifteen years ago you could not have found as many Orchids of certain species in Great Britain as the Messrs. Low now have at their nurseries. Whole ranges of houses are devoted to one variety only, and these just simply *' packed " together. One can judge, too, of the rapidity with which the plants circulate, as you can see but few established plants, at least large home- grown specimens. This is here comparatively speaking rather a dull season for Orchids as regards bloom, but still there was a nice " sprinkling " in the different ranges. It is, of course, unnecessary to say that Orchids are done well at Clapton, but if we make an exception it would be the Phalaeopsis, which simply luxuriate. There is a good collection of them, too, and we were fortunate enough to see most of them in bloom. It would occupy too much space to enumerate all the varieties we saw in bloom, we must confine ourselves to the principal " batches." There is a large house, or rather there are large houses, full of Cattleyas in grand health, and showing fine sheaths, including large consignments of the somewhat rare C. amethystoglossa, C. Ack- landii, C. Largesii, C. speciosissima, C. SchiUeriana, C. Warscewiczii delicata, and 0. prcestans, the true variety ; this latter is not to be confounded, when once seen, with the one usually known under that name, as it is a finer bloomer altogether than the variety that sometimes bears that name. The label- lum is more open, of a brighter colour, and the flower generally is not so deflexed and cramped looking. Cypripediums are largely represented both as regards number and variety ; the following were in bloom: — C. Boxalli, C, Haynaldianum, C. Robellini, C. Stonei, C. Lawrencianaum, C. Spicerianum, C. Ixvigatum, C. Hatrisianum, C. barbatum, C. niveum, and others. Vandas, Aerides, Saccolabiums, &c , were in large batches ; a lot of V. carulesccns was showing bloom abundantly ; as were also V. Deni- soniana, Parishii, Cathcartii, and Sanderiana. On- cidium Krameri, varicosum, and pudes were looking well. Large masses of Masdevallias of most of the well-known kinds, and Coelogyne cristata, and a host of the different varieties of Dendrobiums. Amongst the numerous Odontoglossums we noticed a new one — O. tentaculatum — a good thing, after the way of O. gloriosum. A large batch of Dendrochilum glumaceum scented a house finer than any perfumer's shop. The pretty Angraacum cilratum was a mass of bloom, and looked very pretty. We could enumerate many others, but the above will be sufficient to show the extent of the collection, and we may add that any Orchid fancier will be well repaid by a visit to this famed nursery, and will no doubt come away as well pleased as was a Visitor, CCELOGYNE CRISTATA VAR. LEMONIANA. We have this lovely form of C. cristata in splendid bloom just now. Two large pans, each measuring a yard across, have respectively 251 and 237 blooms. These, with other plants of various sizes, have at the present time an aggregate of 1630 expanded flowers. Besides being one of the most charming of Orchids, we find it one of the most useful and one of the. most appreciated. It rarely fails to flower well, and its cultivation is easy. George Stanlon, Park Place Gar- dens, Henley-on-Thames, Notes from Redleaf, Penshurst, Kent, A large number of fine Orchids is now in flower at this garden, a new house having been recently erected for them when in flower, in which we found Lselias, Lycastes, Odontoglossums, Phalsenop- sis, Ceelogynes, Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, in great variety, beautifully arranged, as well as many fine and distinct varieties, in the conservatory, which now is very gay. Some grand specimen Calla aethiopica, with six to eight flowers on a plant — fine flowers they are, indeed. Such old plants as Coronilla glauca, Echeveria retusa, Allium nea- politanum, are grown in quantities. These, mixed with well-grown Cinerarias, Primulas, Epacris, Ericas, Camellias, &c., form a very pleasing effect. Great credit is due to Mr. Holah for the practical manner in which he manages the various departments of this fine place. A, O. Odontoglossum CErstedii. As in the case of many species of Odontoglossum that are well represented in English collections, this pretty little Orchid, recently imported in quantity, shows some variety both in the form, size, and colour of its flowers, and in the shape of the pseudobulbs. The largest-flowered form was shown at the last meeting o( the Hoiticultural Society, where, owing to the general opinion that the true O. CErstedii has but one flower on each scape, and that a small one, this exhibited plant was allowed to pass as a major variety. It will be seen, however, by a reference to Dr. Reichenbach's desciption, and the figure in the Gardeners' Chronicle^ vol. vii., p. 811) that the typical O. CErstedii has two-flowered scapes, and flowers as large in size as what is now called the variety majus. Instead, therefore, of dubbing the larger form with a varietal name, it would be more accurate to dis- tinguish it from the smaller-flowered variety by calling the latter minor. It is not easy to convince dealers that such is the proper thing to do. Who- ever thinks of calling O. Rossii, however small and inferior it may be, by any other name than O. Rossii majus ? Names which denote superiority are always preferred. Apart from the question of the names, this jewel-like Orchid is one of the most charming among the smaller kinds of Odontoglossum. It is easy to cultivate, as it thrives in the coolest house, is not injured by heavy watering, and always looks neat and healthy even when not in flower. We are told that in its native habitat O. CErstedii is exposed to a low temperature all the year. The dense heavy fogs keep the atmosphere about it thoroughly saturated, and as it grows upon the moss-clothed tree trunks the moisture gathers about its roots, so that it is con- stantly wet. Under cultivation O. CErstedii flowers freely. A few months ago there was a fine batch of it in the Clapton Nurseries, and we are informed that Mr. Shuttleworth has now flowering in his nursery several plants of the true form of this plant. A specimen of the minor variety is now in flower at Kew. W. A, March 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 317"^ E R I S K A. Wk give (fig. 60) a view of a number of glasshouses and other garden buildings, lately erected by Mr. Stuart at Eriska, an island some 350 acres in extent, which is being drained and reclaimed at a large ex- pense, and which is not far distant from the little town of Appin, in Argyleshire. The mansion and other buildings, gardens, and everything besides are entirely new, the site chosen being farming land. The island enjoys a mild but damp climate. The plan of the flower garden is of irregular hexagonal form, one acre being enclosed. The north wall is 150 feet long and about iS feet high ; against this wall, and facing due south, is a range of lean-to vineries 17 feet wide, divided into an early and a late by a co- vered passage leading to the stable court behind. The early vinery is heated by eight rows of 4 inch pipes, and the late vinery by six rows. Behind the vineries on the north side of the wall is a two-storey range of offices, stables, coach-houses, byre, &c., with stores and a couple of dwelling-houses on the upper flat. The south-east angle of the garden is taken up with the Peach-houses, 125 feet long ; they are semi- span, and are divided by a covered passage into an early house heated by six rows, and a late house heated by three rows of 4-inch pipes. The north- west angle is covered by the forcing-houses, 125 feet long, divided into four houses, with forcing beds to house, which stands some distance to the south of the garden, are heated from two powerful terminal boilers placed at the north end of the stokehole. The pathways of all the houses are of iron gratings, and these, as well as all the other ironwork, are all galvanised. In addition to the offices already mentioned there are extensive hen-houses and runs to the north of the stable range, the hen-houses being heated with hot water. The whole of the walls, pillars, &c., are built of Portland cement concrete, made of gravel and crushed granite, a stone-crusher, concrete-mixer, and steam engine being in constant use for many months. It is calculated that no fewer than 7ocra tons of concrete were used, as the foundations at some parts are lo feet deep, in consequence of the nature of the soil. The whole of the work was planned by Messrs. Mackenzie & Moncur, horticultural builders, Edin- burgh and Glasgow (the plans being revised by Mr. Thomson, of Tweed Vineyards), and the work is being executed by them, under the superintendence of Mr. Mackenzie, manager on the island for Mr. Stuart. FRUIT NOTES. Grape Chasselas Saint Bernard. — This is described as a very early Grape, ripening a fort- night earlier than the ordinary Chasselas, the berries being superior in colour, and while the Aston Town Pear. This is a very hardy little Pear, from the village of Aston, in Cheshire. It is of excellent flavour, and the tree when in bearing is characterised by its long slender branches, which have a half-twisted dangling appearance. It bears freely and regularly, but^ the fruit is rather small, which is greatly to its disad- vantage. The flesh is buttery, moderately sweet, with an agreeable flavour. The tree bears well as a standard — better than on a wall. I have tried them both ways, and found them do best grown as standards. Season September and October. I can confidently recommend these Pears to the notice of planters, and especially for growing for market. M. Saul, York. PLANT PORTRAITS. .^Jchmea cornui.— A small Bromeliad with strap-shaped, obtuse, mucronate, coarsely toothed, green leaves spotted with brown, and a terminal spike of crimson flowers subtended by large boat- shaped bracts of the same colour. It is a native of Brazil, and is figured in the Revue Horticole for January 16. Caryoptbris Mastachanthus, Bot. Mag., February, t. 6799; Gard. Chron.,sa\. xxi., p. 48, f. 30. Fig, 60.— plan of the gardens at eriska. the front and Welsh slate stages against the back wall. Each house is heated by eight rows of 4-iDch pipes. Behind the forcing-houses are the gardener's offices, Mushroom-house, fruit-room, seed-room, office, and potting-house. As there is sometimes a scarcity of water on the island, the over- flow from all the cisterns in the various houses is gathered into a large tank below the offices : this lank is about 100 feet long, 10 feet wide and 10 feet deep ; it is covered over with cement concrete on iron beams, forming floor of offices. Provision is made by which the water from this reservoir may be pumped up and flow back by gravity to all the cisterns in the various houses. The roof of the offices as well as that of the stable range is flat, made of strong cement concrete on iron beams. At the east and west angles of the garden are built two cottages, the one at the west for the head gardener, consisting of five rooms and kitchen with some outhouses. The other cottage is intended for the foreman and single gardeners and is divided accordingly, while four additional rooms are added to it to increase the accommodation. Forming the south side of the garden and enclosing it is a range of orchard-bouses, 350 feet long and 18 feet wide, span- roofed, and divided into two sections by means of a covered passage forming the principal entrance to the garden. Between the head gardener's house and the potting-house is placed the boiler-house and stoke- hole. The latter will contain from 50 to 60 tons of coals. The whole of the hothouses and also the mansion- berries set well they do not require thinning. It is figured in the Revue Horticole for February 16. Pear Josephine de Malines. A good figure of this excellent Pear is given in the Bulletin cTArboricnlUtie of January. The flesh is of a pale rose colour and exquisite flavour. It originated with Major Esperen at Malines as a seedling. The fertility of the tree, says our contem- porary, depends very much on the management during the first few years. At first the tree is hard pruned, but when flower-buds begin to show the shoots are not pruned so severely, and only the strong branches are pinched, the weak ones being broken across in part in August. Dunmore Pear. There are so many kinds of Pears now in cultiva- tion that considerable experience is necessary to enable any one to select the choicest and most reliable sorts. The Dunmore is of medium size, and a fine Pear, raised by Mr. Knight, which was distributed over the country from the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society. It is a strong growing tree, bears exceedingly well, and should become better known. Its blossoms stand well the severe spring frosts. The fruit is of medium size ; skin greenish, dotted and speckled with smooth brownish-red russet. The flesh is yellowish, buttery, very melting, with a rich high flavour, and is deserving a place in every garden. Bears freely as a standard. Season end of September and early part of October. Clematis tubulosa var. Hookeri, Bot. Mag., t. 6801. Cypripedium insigne var. Chantini, L'Or- chidophile, February, Cypripedium Spicerianum.— j?iw;(e de tHorti- culture Beige, January, 1885. Eichornea azurea, Gartenflora, t. 1178. Gentiana Andrewsii, Garden, January 31, 1885. Hibiscus grandiflorus. Garden, February 7, 1885. — A hardy perennial, with cordate three-lobed leaves, and large Mallow-like, rosy-pink flowers. OdontogloSSUM PescATOREI, Orchid Album, t. 175. Panax Murrayi, Bot. Mag., February, t. 6798. Phal/ENOPsis Sanderiana, L' Orchidophile, February. floiliatjj' fkuf^rs. GREENHOUSE FLORISTS' FLOWERS : THE PELARGONIUM. During the recent mild weather these have made rapid and very vigorous growth. The large speci- men plants must be trained out, to give the flowering shoots more room to develope themselves, in some cases the weaker growths may be removed to give the others more vigour. The attention the large plants require ,^.i8 J THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. tMfAR'cn 7, i8 may be summed up in a few woid^. Ample vcnli- lalion, without exposing the plants to a direct cur- rent of cold air. Particular attention to watering '. each lime water is applied suflicient must be given to thoroughly moisten the whole of the soil and roots. Keeg the plants quite free from greenfly : this is easily done, easier than to destroy the troublesome pests after they have once made a home upon the yourg growths. The most useful of plants to make a good display in the conservatory or show house are young plants propagated in early summer, and flowered in 5-inch pots. In order to provide a rapid growth for them, I plant cuttings singly in small pots ; they are arranged on a shelf near the glass, where they soon form roots, and when well established are potted on. We pinch them back orce only, and generally each plant will produce on an average a dozen good trusses. The varieties classed as the decorative type are the best to cultivate in small pots, they give a greater profusion of bloom than the others. A few of the fancy or small-flowered type ought to be grown in every garden, they give even a greater quantity of bloom than the decorative type, and they are also so very distinct in character, but they seem to be out of the fashion at present. Perhaps the reason of this is that Ihey are not quite so easily grown as the others. They merely require a lighter compost and a warmer atmosphere in winter. By the end of January the whole of the winter- flowering zonals have ceased to bloom satisfactorily, and have been removed from the house to make room for spring-flowering plants and bulbs. These zonals make a splendid display if planted out in the flower borders during the summer. It will be time enough to take the cuttings for next season about the end of April, y. Douglas, Polyanthus. These are a speciaKli at Brockhurst, and nowhere perhaps does a finer collection exist ; this is saying a great deal, but I have no doubt this is so. Strong healthy plants abound on every hand in the choicest variety; old varieties with many most meritorious new ones find a most congenial home under varying conditions, while others require naming, and many more are carefully tended as seedlings having the best of pedigrees. They are a very fine lot in the frame, when we saw them in their resting condition, it is true, but there was vigour beneath the exterior, which in due time will undoubtedly acquit itself with honours upon the exhibition table. Mr. Brock- bank thinks he has at last secured the true Pear- son's Alexander. There appears to be a great similarity between it and Maud's Beauty of Eng- land, and plants in this colleciion which were up to last year grown under the latter name have been recognised by those most competent to judge as Alexander. This is most desirable, as several coun- terfeits have been circulated at a high figure, only to afford vexation in the end. In the best condition are George IV., Blackbird, Exile, Cheshire Favourite, Black Diamond, Lord Beaconsfield, and many others ; a rarity, under the name of Stafford Favourite, con- cerning which little is known, and apparently less recorded, here finds a home ; indeed, I suppose it would be difficult to name the variety, hitherto dis- tributed or in existence, which is not represented. What strikes one most is the freedom with which they grow, and the abundance in which they exist ; beds and lines here, clumps there, in, I should think, a dozen places ; and one was prompted to ask if there were any secrets in their cultivation— Lancashire dodges one had suspicions of ; but no, nothing more than ordinary mortals can easily bestow is lavished upon them— moderately good loam, with some rotten manure and sand, exhausts the number of soil items, while the positions assigned them are sheltered and usually semi-shaded. Many of the plants are quite exposed now, but will be covered when coming into bloom. The Alpine Frames. These contain a multitude of choice gems, which were dormant or only showing signs of renew:ed activity ; some ol the Cyclamen will soon be in flower, the curious and pretty Synthyris reniformis is also sending up its spikes. Gentiana bavarica is estab- lished and happy, while G. verna has scarcely been out of flower all the year ; such a little cushion of Androsace helvetica one does not often see. The Megaseas are happily accommodated and strong, and in due time will no doubt be most attractive. I was much struck with a span-roofed frame invented at brockhurst ; iron troughs form the ridge and wall plates. Upon which the lights rest, so that all wa'er drops in them and is carried away. Close by the sides are stout posts at convenient distances, and when it is necessary to remove the lights entirely they are stood on their ends and supported between the side of the frame and the posts, thus affording nice shelter without any fear of them being blown over, and all the plants can be examined over them ; indeed, they are more convenient than otherwise. The Daffodil. The season for these has commenced, for Ban's Pdllidus precox has opened, and a dwarf double variety which came from Italy as a duplex form of N. Pseudo-Narcissus is swelling rapidly ; it looks like what I have seen from other Continental sources as N. nanus plenus, which is said to be one of the double varieties of N. jobularis, but we shall see. The Narcissus season must be a treat indeed when at its prime, for they are planted everywhere ; I will not anticipate them, but hope to see them in their showiest dress, when a few more jottings may be made upon what is now one of the finest collections of hardy plants in the country. R, j4o/*1E jISoRREgPOJVDEJSCE. Pruning Dendrobiums. — When danger is rear, it is well that there are those who will give timely warning ; this has been done on many occasions before, but I disregarded the warning, or rather being desirous to excel— I had more than a dozen of D. nobile — I thought I would try "J. S. W.'s" method of pruning, and selected two of the best plants so as to give it a fair trial. The result was as I expected — a complete failure ; the plants are condemned to the rubbish-heap : as they are not taken there yet, any gardener wishing to see them can do so — two monu- ments of the folly of acting contrary to the advice of so many experienced Orchid growers. D. Wardi- anum, also pruned, is in the same miserable condi- tion. It would be a grand opportunity for "J. S. W." to convince the gainsayers by taking a plant or two to the Orchid Conference — not just pruned for the occasion, but at the time he recommends ; then we might see or hear what others say about them. David IValhcr, This subject can be set at rest once for all, as follows. Let "J. S. W." bring his plants to the Orchid Conference in May, they are invited as all illustrations of growth, &c., and methods of growth, are particularly invited. If these much praised plants are not there we who do not approve of and do not practise the system, shall at once conclude that they are not in a condition to be presented for public in- spection, and that the upholder in chief of the plan does not think his plants will bear the exceedingly close scrutiny that will be sure to be exercised by the judges there. If they are so remarkably fine as has often been said, there might be a Veitch Memorial Prize awaiting their triumphant victory over all the o'her poor unpruned Dendrobiums present. De B. Ciawshiy, Camellia Blooms Losing their Centres.— Some large plants of white Camellias have taken it into their heads and shot all the centres out of fully two-thirds of their blooms. The Camellias are planted out and have a very large crop of bloom. The flower-stalks, with a few rows of petals at the base remain firm, the great bulk of the flower being shot out with considerable force. I have never seen this freak of Nature before, and would be glad ol an editorial opinion, and also that of your Camellia- growing readers, who must be legion, on this freak of Nature, or of our other eccentricities among our white Camellias. The plants are in robust health, and show no other abnoimal symptom, but that of throwing out their centres. O.hers have only come out free within the last week. D. T. Fish. Vegetable Garden, Maiket and Private. — I believe that as fine vegetables are gro^in in private places as any that are sent into the market, and as a rule much superior as reg.;rds flavour, as the market growers' land is driven to excessive production by means of strong manures, solid and liquid, so that many of the vegetables have a distinctly disagreeable and niuseous flavour imparted to them. In many gardens, if the close rotation of crops were followed, more would be grown than could be consumed, with the danger that the surplus would find its way to the open m iiket, to the further detriment of the man who lives byhis occupation. That that is at the present time the case in many gardens is proved by the great quantity of such produce in all open markets, more being grown than is wanted at home, and rather than crop less, or throw the surplus to the rubbish-heap, it is often disposed of. M. iV, G-rdeners at the Present Time. — Mr. Stevens, under the above heading, at p. 284, has done wsU to call attention " to the competition to supply noble- men and gentlemen with gardeners, and the low remuneration to competent men " as a consequence, and no wonder when the services of the wife amongst the poultry are sometimes offered along with the gardener, all for the magnificent sum of /,50 per annum. I consider the system of nurserymen sup- pljing gardeners bad for all parties concerned, except the nurserymen— as well have butchers sup- plying cooks, and brewers butlers. A gardener's ability is sometimes only a secondary consideration ; this is damaging to the art, and must keep the standard of gardening low. The bad effects of this system are strongly noticeable in young men. So per cent, of whom never seek to learn their profession efiiciently. Only let them get into a place with a name — Lord Somebody's, if possible— and it little matters how things are managed in it, the fact of their having been in such a place will some day do duty asa recommendation of ability. Genuine ability ought to be the aim of every young man, and this should be rewarded by being made the first consideration in filling a gardener's place. Gardeners would then know what to work for, employers would be better served, and their places more economically managed. I believe " noblemen and gentlemen " will recognise this sooner or later, and take their gardeners from the open market. Another question gardeners themselves ought to face is the filling of foremen's and journey- men's places by nurserymen, and the system of exchange in force in Scotland, by which the nursery- men keep a monopoly of supplying men, gardeners being left almost without any means of making a choice ; in fact, on a November terra day they are practically powerless ; the particulars of the men you require get little or no consideration, neither c m they, for the ordeal a nurseryman has to face in disposing of a shopful of gardeners and men, not to mention those standing in the street, all in about three hours, to the satisfaction ol all parties concerned, is a practical impossibility, but if seriously undertaken is enough to drive any one mad. Now, do the gar- deners of Scotland think this a satisfactory arrange- ment for themselves or the young men? A Scouh Gardener. Spring Flowering Plants.— There is a great charm about the spring flowers opening to the chill January and February winds out-of-doors, that does not appertain to those grown in pots under glass. Heleborus niger altifolius is nearly over, the pearly white of the early opened blooms has given place to a ditty white tinted with io;e, but we find still the full beauty and perfect development in the very beautiful variety angustifolius : while scattered about the borders we have'a very plentiful supply of II. guttatus : they are still spotted freely, as the name implies, but some have the spotting on a white ground, others have the spots thickly arranged on a purplish- red ground, the shade of colour varying in each. One of the plants that pleases us best is a group of Cyclamen Coum ; the blossoms seemed to develope even during the rather severe frost in January, and two days after the frost was gone many flowers were fully developed. About the middle of January Saxifraga Burseriana m.ajor was fully open on the rockwork. The ordinary form flowers a month later with us. Is this usual ? Both Mauch 7, 1SS5 ] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 319 forms came from York. Leontice altaica is no f;reat l^eauty, but it has pushed rapidly throui;h th^ ground, p-ni its small clusters of pale yellow flowers were fully reveloped before ihe Snowdrops were fully open. It flowers with the Winter Aconites. The first flowers of Iris reticulata opened on St. V.ilentine's Day. We tried to grow this year after year in pots, but ihcy seemed to degenerate ; planted out in a sunny posi- tion on the rockwoik they gained strength and are flowering well. Anemone I hinda is the earliest of the genus to open its flowers ; they are now neatly developed. It is much superior to A. apennim, which will not be in flower for a month yet. L^ucjuni vernum is also in flower, and L. carpaticum is push- rvpidly after it. DlfTerent species and varieties of Snowdrops are also charming on grass and in borders. 7. Douglas. A Large Leek.— Eury Port, South Wales, really seems to be a favoured spot as regards soil and c'imate. An enormous Leek, 14 inches in circum- ference, is growing in a garden belonging to Mr. John Lewis, at the present period. It would have beeen appropriate had it been sent to Ilis Royal Highness, our much loved Prince of Wales, to be cooked, <: la Seakale, on St. David 3 Day. HcUn Watney. Exudation and Smut on Camellia Leaves. — This exudation is of insect origin, and the change c( colour to black is caused by a fungus named Capnodium Footii, which grows upon the excretion. It is the habit cf the fungus to so grow. A lichen named Strigula Bibingtonii sotr.etimes accompanies the fungus and the insect excretions. The fungus (Capnodium) grows over this lichen (Strigula) and destroys it. The black fungus invades both the insect and lichen nuisances, but when necessary it is able to grow on Camellia leaves without either insect excretion or lichen. W* G, S, Rose Cuttings Turning Black.— I may inform " [. L." that Rose cuttings will become rotten from excess of moisture at their base, owing to the sur- rounding material not being sufficiently porou?, and drained below. Beds in cool frames, for striking Rises in the early autumn months from ripe wood, fulfil the purpose the best, if given a rounded form, and then much of the water that is supplied finds its way to the lowest points, leaving the soil in which the cuttings stand in a healthy condition. Cut'ings will go black from exciting them to grow by means of heat before any callus or roots are formed. The best time for making the cuttings of H.P. and the hardiest Tea hybrids is the month of September, or even the month of August in warm localities. These may also be put in precisely as Gooseberry cuttings are treated, but without removing the wood- buds, unless you require half or quarter standard forms, when the buds below may be cut off; but that is not often practised on "own root Roses," notwith- standing its Leing quite as eligible a method as using Brier stocks. There are usually fewer losses from cuttings in oper-air beds made in a sheltered but open site, than when put into cold frames ; but in the latter shorter lengths of wood may be used, whereas open-air cuttings must not be less than \ foot long, and may be much more, although not more than 4 or 5 inches should range above the surface. China Roses in all their varieties strike well in a shallow frame on a mild hotbed of leaves, in the month of July. The young side-shoots of 4 to 6 inches in length must be chosen when getting slightly firm and woody, and they must be made with a thin heel of the yet older wood of the shoot from which they sprang. The foliage may be entirely removed, but I have found the best results follow its retention, merely shortening the leaves by one-half their length. The site for such a bed should be full south ; the cuttings must be kept close and shaded till rooted, when air must be admitted gradually for a week, and then full exposure without lights. The frame will require syringing or dewing over with a fine rose pot if the foliage shows signs of dryness, and surface watering may be needed once before the cuttings form roots. M. Late Grapes,— The present is a good time to note the keeping qualities of the different varieties of late Grapes. Of these the following are represented in our Grape room by specimens of Gros Colmar, Trebbiano, Muscat of Alexandria, Abbercairney Seed- ling, Black Alicante, Gros Guillaume, Mrs. Piace, and Lady Downe's. Also a small bunch of Gros Maroc which has been cut since August last, and its condition under the circumstances warrants us in pro- nouncing this variety to be a firstrale late Grape, and it should undoubtedly be grown as such, Gros Col mar and Trebbiano have suffered from damp, ih 'Ugh the rco.n is dry, while all the other varieties named (including the Muscat of Alexandria) are in fine condition. Mrs. Pince and Lady Downe's are Ilk- ly to keep nice and plump for a couple of months h:.nce. The chief cause of Mrs. Pince — and many o;her Grapes for that matter — not colouring satis- f iclorily, is over-cropping and insufficiency of dry air frr>m the lime the fruit begins to colour until ripe. //. //'. Wani. The Eucharis Disease. — In some cases the mile may be the cause of the Eucharis becoming unhealthy, but I am quite sure that in many of the cases lately quoted the cause is simply that the soil has got into such a condition as to cause the roots to rot. I find just the same difficulty in cultivating many other ttove Amaryllids, many of which are much more diffi- cult to manage in this respect than is the Eucharis, such as some of the GrifHnias and Il^emanlhi. I have had pots of Eucharis healthy and vigorous for years, when suddenly the leaves would be seen to flag, and the roots would be found to be all rotten ; and they have become healthy again when planted in fresh soil and not over-watered. No doubt if the mite were to attack them when in a weak condition they would hardly recover, and possibly in some cases it might attack and destroy healihy bulbs, but I believe that in most cases the roots failing would be the prime cause of the mischief. C, IV. S. Dendrobium speciosum. — I observe, on p. iSo, Ganh-iicrs^ Chronicle, a note of the above-named Dendrobium in flower at the residence of J. Moore, Esq., The Mount, Sevenoaks, having three spikes of flowers on. I may add, there is now to be seen (February 7) a large plant of this fine old Dendrobe, having forty-two spikes, averaging 2 teet in length each, at the Welsh residence of Thomas F. Maddock, Esq., Cae-Gwyn, Carnarvon. Mr. J. Cromwell (the gardener) has flowered this fine old plant success- fully for a number of year?, and kept in a vinery the whole year round. ■ In the recent numbers of the Gardcjicrs^ Chronicle there appears to be so much interest centred in the Dendrobium speciosum, that a plant of the same under my care may be worthy of record. It is growing in a tub a yard square, and this year has borne forty-two blooms ; some of the bulbs are 2 feet long, and have in some instances four blooms on one stem, James Cornwelij The Gardens^ Culg-tvyn^ Carnarvon, Early French Short Horn Carrots in Winter. — Really there appears to be little difficulty in having a supply of these delicious little Carrots all the year round, or nearly so, and grown in the open air. In August every year Mr. Hudson sows this useful Car- rot in lines on a south-west border under a fruit tree wall, where the soil is light and early. Now, and for a long time past, he has been pulling Carrots, and is able to keep up a good supply for the table. Th; seeds are sown thinly, and it is not necessary to pull out many, if any, in a young state ; some are certain to come on earlier than the others, and the act of thinning out by pulling for use does all that is required. A sowing might be made in a cold frame in October or November to follow these ; but the bed appears almost inexhaustible, as the late plants all grow into useful Carrots. R, Dean. Thinning of Fruit Buds on Pear Trees. — Notwithstanding the thinning of spurs, it often hap- pens there are too many fruit-buds left, and if these are all allowed to remain to flower it will exhaust the trees so much that it often causes a stunted growth, and in favourable seasons much more fruit sets on a tree than it is able to mature in the usual run of seasons, but if favoured by a good season it does bring a heavy crop to tolerable perfection. It then generally rests from bearing for a season, thus pro- ducing in one year a surplus, which is not much valued and which can never compensate for the sub- sequent deficiency of supply. A full supply in every season should be aimed at, and every means tending to ensure it ought to be adopted. The principal of these is thinning. The fruit-buds on trained trees, such as wall and pyramids, also espaliers and bush fruit buds, are abundant on some of our trained trees this season. I intend to have a great many removed at once, as they are plumping up very fast thus early, I have practised this for two or three years past on old and young Pear trees, trained and pyramids, with good results. In some cases I have had removed a half, and a few instances threc-foutths of the fruit- buds. It is well known that the largest best formed, and finest flavoured Vc^xh are produced from the strongest buds and blossom-. ; these should be left, or part. This practice may appear to some unnecessary, but my humble opinion is, it is not practised enough by many gardeners. The buds are easily removed with the finger and thumb at this time of year. Robert Smith, k'eu-va^d. Cockscombs in Winter. — These decorative subjects are generally grown for summer and autumn display, but a few well-grown plants with their bright crimson combs go far to light up a warm greenhouse or stove at the dull season. I have grown a late batch for the last two winters, and ihcy have been much admired. Red-spider sometimes attacks them, and which must be checked at first sight, or their beauty will very soon fade. jV. Louth, Free Growing Apple Trees.— There seems to be some virtue in planting Apple trees for posterity after all, as but for numerous old trees in diverse parts of the kingdom, and especially in the West, we might have had but few Apples this season, and specially of that valuable kind Blenheim Pippin. It is not so long since that " planting for posterity " was made a constant sneer against those who planted or purposed planting free growing Apple trees. The present generation have very largely to thank those of their progenitors who were not so selfish as to refrain from planting for posterity. If we were all to ask the somewhat hackneyed joke ** What has posterity done for us?" and be inSuenced by the obvious reply, only that would be planted that would endure for a few years. Happily such policy does not guide our labours, and yet if we had taken the advice so freely tendered a few years ago we should have planted Apple trees for to-day only and not for the future. If in the previous year the dwarfed or temporary trees had a good season, they certainly failed us last season, whilst generally the old and once con- demned trees have proved to be our best friends. If we want fruit immediately we can have it, at least sub- ject to seasons, if we will plant dwarf trees ; but wisdom should guide us to plant also standard trees, rising above the dwarfs, that either our later years or those of our childrens may be blessed with after-abundance. After all it is no wonder that Blenheims are in great demand, for the splendid crops seen in many districts last year when other kinds have been so bare, show that it is an Apple that will prove a friend when it is most needed, and, taken all round, it is one of the very best kinds we have. It is therefore satisfactory to learn that the demand for trees is so great, and that Blenheims promise to be abundant still, some fifty years hence, A. D. Adiantum Farleyense as a Basket Fern.— This Fern is grown very extensively in small pots and as specimen plants, but not so much as might be ex- pected as a basket Fern, therefore it will not be out of place to consider its graceful form, delicacy of lint and pinnules deeply fringed, a beautiful Fern for that purpose. We have grown it here as such for several years past, and it has been greatly admired. Our treatment is as follows : I procure nice free-growing plants in February or early in Mirch, which have j 1 t begun to make new fronds. Having the basket ready and some nice green moss, I first place some mo s over the bottom of the basket and also for a short distance up the sides so as to hold a portion of the soil, which I use a trifle lighter than most people do for this Fern ; two parts loam, one part peat, leaf- mould one part, and enough sand to keep it porous. Some growers use all loam, but I have found the above mixture of soils answer very well. Beginning with the first circle of plants about 6 inches from the bottom of the basket, draw the fronds carefully through the meshes and place the plants about S inches apar', then fill round the plants with some of the compost firmly and regularly ; then proceed with another circle of plants in the same way. Two circles of plants will in most cases be sufficient round the sides of the baskets, but when very large ones are used three circles will not be too many. After the sides are completed one good plant or three small ones will 320 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE: [Makch 7, 1885. be required for the top, which should be firmly filled in with soil. When the baskets are finished they are suspended over the walk in the fernery where a genial atmosphere is maintained. Great care is now exercised in watering : and two or three days after the basket! are finished they receive a good watering through a fine rose. It is obvious that the plants should have a good watering before they were turned out of their pots, which will enable them to stand a few days without water. By no means are the plants supplied with much water till the roots permeate the whole of the soil, when a liberal supply is given. By June the baskets will form a complete globe of healthy fronds, which are very attractive, and lovers of Ferns are so greatly charmed with them that they have been borrowed to do duty at some of our public places on occasion. Any amount of trouble will be amply repaid by growing a basket or two of this beautiful Fern. C. Penford, Leigh Park, Havanl. SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL. The annual general meeting of this Society was held in the rooms, s, St. Andrew's Square, Edinburgh, on Tuesday evening. March 3, Mr. A. D. McKenzie, one of the Vice-Presidents, in the chair. The Secretary, Mr. Robertson Munro, Abercorn Nursery, Midlothian, read the eighth annual report, which showed that the work undertaken by the Association is being steadily pursued. Eighteen new members were added to the roll during the session, which has now a membership of 431. The exhibits continue to be one of the prin- cipal objects of the Association, and forty-four collections of plants, fruits, flowers, and vegetables have been placed before members during the session, and these came from widely separate parts of England, Ireland, and Scotland. The Treasurer's (Mr. McKenzie, Warriston Nursery, Edinburgh) report showed an income of ^^33 ^s. 6d., while the expendi- ture had been £2^, leaving a balance in hand of £g 7J. 6d. Both reports were approved of. The office-bearers for next session were then elected. Honorary President : Alexander Dickson, M.D. , Pro- fessor of Botany, University of Edinburgh, and Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Gardens. President : Mr. William Thomson, Clovenfords, Galashiels. Vice- Presidents : Mr. ]ohn Melhven, Nurseryman and Seed Merchant, Edinburgh ; Mr. R. Lindsay, Curator, Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Secretary : Mr. Robert- son Munro, Abercorn Nursery, Midlothian. Treasurer : Mr. Alexander McKenzie, Warriston Nursery, Edin- burgh. The following gentlemen were elected members of the Council in place of the first five, who retire by rotation : — Mr. M. Dunn, Dalkeith Palace Gardens, Dalkeith ; Mr. Hugh Eraser, Leith Walk Nurseries, Edinburgh ; Mr. George McKinnon, Melville Castle Gardens, Lasswade ; Mr. R. Morrison, National Bank, Edinburgh ; Mr. George Simpson, Superintendent Rose Bank Cemetery, Edinburgh. On the motion of Mr. Dunn the retiring President, Mr. John Methven, was awarded a hearty vote of thanks. Eight gentlemen were nominated for admission to the Association as new members. Mr. Chapman, Easter Duddingston Lodge, exhibited the following bunches of early spring flowers ; — Helle- borus niger, H. n. angustifolius, H. olympicus, H. o. albus, H. aitifolius major, Hepaticas of sorts, Galanthus nivalis and plicatus, Leucojum vemum, Bulbocodium vernum, Crocuses ol sorts. Erica camea,MacNab's Prim- rose, Cheiranthus alpinus. Primula purpurea, Sisyrin- chium grandiflorum, Rhododendron Nobleanum, R. atrovirens, R. oraecox. Daphne Mezereum, Jasminum nudiflorum, Orobus vernus, Garrya elliptica. Poplar and Willow. Messrs. Methven & Sons, Edinburgh, showed a white Polyanthus ; Mr. Begg, Wardie Lodge, Edin- burgh, showed Draba Maweana, Saxifraga Burseriana ; • Mr. McMillan, Edge Hill, dwarf Cinerarias. The ex- hibitors received a vote of thanks. Four Certificates have been awarded during the session to new and meritorious productions. The meeting concluded with a hearty vote of thanks to the Chairman. MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL. We learn from the Boston Evening Transcript that at the close of a recent business meeting of this Society Mr. Joseph H. Bourn, of Providence (ex-President of the Rhode Island Horticultural Society), read the fol- lowing paper ;— Old and New Roses. The most popular, because the most useful Roses are the hybrid perpetuals, whose special beauty consists in the fshell form ol the large petals, softly recurving in their glistening freshness of colour. For decorative pur- poses the varieties should be the free-flowering kinds, noted for elegance en masse and brilhance, in preference to those possessed of great symmetry of form. The essayist traced the development ol these Roses from the time when rosarians were delighted with Baronne Pre- vost and La Reine. introduced in r842 and 1843. In 1846 the Giant of Battles was introduced, in r852 the Gf^n^ral Jacqueminot and Victor Verdier appeared, and the Prince Camille in r86i. Each of these is now the type of a group of Roses, the most valuable being the G^n^ral Jacqueminot family, leading members of which are Marie Rady, Pierre Notting, and Marie Bauniann, though the Victor Verdier family is best for forcing, good illustrations being Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier. Etienne Level, Comtesse d'Oxford, and Captain Christy. But there is a type recently introduced more valuable than any of the preceding, called " Hybrid Tea," of which La France was the original in r869. Roses of this family that give promise of usefulness are the Duke and Duchess of Connaught, Cheshunt Hybrid. Viscountess Falmouth, Madame Alexandre Bemaix, Madame Etienne Levet, Jules Finger, William Francis Bennett, and Lady Mary Fitzwilliam. Roses of the past have been the product of Nature, unaided by human art, while those of the present chiefly came from sowing the seeds of varieties which have not been crossed. Roses of the future should be principally the result of artificial fecundation and hybridisation. Our aim should be to control and assist Nature as far as possible in her tendency towards variation, and in order to obtain new sorts of marked individuality we should avoid crossing varieties so much alike. To obtain new varieties by the mixture of those already existing is one of the most fascinating occupations of the floricul- tural artist, who is moving continually amid ideal scenes, knowing what forms he wishes, but not what he will obtain. Cultivation. In regard to cuUivation, the " rosery " should be both exposed and sheltered — a place of sunshine and shade — the centre clear and open, with a protecting screen around. The soil is more a matter ol experience than of cultivation. The plants should be so arranged that the sun will shine upon them from its rise to meridian, and then leave them in shade. The hardy kinds may be planted in the autumn, and the tender ones in the spring. Set plants of one or two years' growth, and prune before planting, for the shortening of the shoots reduces the number of buds which draw upon the sap, and a more vigorous increase follows. Choose a day when the earth is friable and easily worked. Place the roots from 3 to 6 inches under the surface, and set deeper in light, dry soils, than in strong, moist ones. They should be transplanted once in five or six years. Budded or grafted plants more frequently become im- paired : the wood, annually weaker, does not attain that maturity and size necessary to the production of fine flowers. If we carefully remove a plant in this condition we shall find large sucker-like roots, almost destitute of fibres, which have been burying themselves deeper in the earth each succeeding year. Removed farther from the reach of nourishment, the bush dwindles and becomes debihtated, which is remedied by replanting in the autumn, cutting off the suckers, and pruning the roots. •The ground for Roses should be thoroughly drained and rendered as porous as possible, and fertilised. In clay soils the use of sand, lime, soot, burnt earth and loose, light vegetable matter, such as leaf-mould, will alter the texture and improve the quality. At the time of planting strong fertilisers are not required, and should not be given until the bushes have become estab- Ushed ; they then hke rich soil, which should be made light for the delicate rooting kinds, and more tenacious for the robust and hardy, and it would be reasonable that the classes and varieties differing in 'their nature should have more than one soil, if all are to receive that which is most suitable. A renewal of the surface soil with old pasture loam every two or three years will supply important elements unattainable by any other method. We should avoid the application of more fer- tilisers in a soluble state than the plants can consume. It is well that the earth should be filled with stimulants in different stages of decomposition, that the plant may in all conditions of growth have plenty of food. When the plant is growing, and especially when flowering, weak liquid manure may be appUed. Bone and potash act favourably early in the spring. A frequent sprink- ling of water adds health to the foliage and prevents in- jury by insects. The earth should be wet only when dry, and then thoroughly. Arrangement. The arrangement of cut Roses is a matter of taste, in regard to which there does not exist a unanimity of sen- timent, else we thould be wearied with a continual sameness. But there are certain fixed laws that regulate the decorative art in flowers. Too many blooms are used for single baskets and bouquets, where they are crowded together promiscuously, exhibiting a mass of petals, the lorm and colour of each separate flower being indistinct, with little of its own foliage to render the proper effect. The more nearly Roses are shown as they naturally grow the handsomer they are. The stiff arti- ficial stem, without the leaf of the flower, propped up by Smilax, Ferns, and other green things than its own, is not like Nature. Hand bouquets of Roses and buds are more beautiful when made of one variety with its own foliage, stems long and loosely bunched, having a small number, well chosen, of sweet odour. A collec- tion injbasket form or for parlour decoration had better lack a flower than have one too many, the object being to form a graceful, refreshing, and suggestive picture, preserving an "easy negligence mixed with art." Show each bloom separately, reposing in its own green, and a few colours have a better effect than many. II a com- bination is thought to be desirable red, white, and buff form a pleasing one. The beauty of Roses is much enhanced when displayed in masses. As a rule, if there are to be many flowers, use the delicate shades ; if few the deeper tones. Large and choice Roses are always more effective when displayed in proper standards for their reception as single specimens. STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON, For the Week Ending Wednesday, March 4, 1885. Hyprome- trical De- > < Q BAROMETER. Temperature of THE Air. ductions from Glaisher's Tables 6th Edition. Wind. i Z. z ■< s 1 s H z 0 Mean Reading Reduced to 39° Fahr. Departure from Ave rage of 18 years. S is J s. sq -osS III ai Dew Point. Degree of Humidity. Sat. = 100. fig n I Feb 26 In. In. 29.89 +009 so. 2 40.0 10.2 45-7 ^- &.0 40-7 M S-E. S.W. In. 0.OI 37 29.66 —0.14 si-5:4So 6.5 47-7 + 7.8 43-7 88 s.w. 0.15 28 Mar 29.81 — O.OI 1 S>.54'-5 1 10. 0 45-9 + S-8 43-6 9> N.E. 0.00 1 29.98 +0.1S 48 .033. 4 .4.6 39.0 — «.3 36.2 90 n.e. o.o6 3 2987 +0.03 49.530.0 I9-S 38,1 -2.3 35 I 88 N.E, 0.00 3 29,40 -0.4- 44-033 7 10.3 39.5 — I.O 37-4 93{ E.S E 0.40 4 39.31 -0.5E S3.«39.o 14.2 45-4 + 4.9 40-5 84{ S.W.' 0.00 Mear 1 1 39.70 —ai3 49.7 37.S 1 1 1Z.2 43.0 -1- 2.8j39.6 88 S.W. 0.63 Feb. 26. — Fine moriiiog ; dull afternoon and nijthL — 27. — Drizzling rain nearly all day. — 28. — Dull day and night. March i. — Very fine day and night. — 2. — Very iine day and night. — 3, — Rain nearly all day and night. — 4.— Very fine day and night. London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week ending February 28, the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea decreased from 30.17 inches at the beginning of the week to 29.80 inches by 5 P.M. on the 22d, increased to 30.09 inches by 9 A.M. on the 23d, decreased to 29.75 inches by 5 P.M. on the 24tb, increased to 30.13 inches by 9 A.M. on the 26th, decreased to 29 83 inches by 5 P.M. on the 27th, and was 30.04 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading of the barometer for the week was 29.92 inches, being 0.28 inch higher than last week, and 0.07 inch below the average of the week. Temperature. — The highest temperature in the shade in the week was 57°.5, on the 24th ; the high- est on the 22d was 45°. 2. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 51°. 5. The lowest temperature was 30°, on the 22d ; on the 27th the lowest temperature was 45°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 39°. 5. The greatest range of temperature in one day was 16°. 5, on the 23d and 24th; the smallest was 6°.5, on the 27th. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 12°. The mean temperatures were — on the 22d, 38°. 4 ; on the 23d, 43°. 9 ; on the 24th, 49°. 6 ; on the 25ih, 46°.8 ; on the 26ih, 45°, 7 ; on the 27th, 47°.7 ; and on the 28th, 4S°.9 ; and these were all above their averages (excepting the 22d, which was 0°.7 below) by 4°. 7, 10°. 3, 7°. 3, 6°, 7°.8, and 5^.8 respectively. The mean temperature of the week was 45°.4i being 5". 4 higher than last week, and 5°.9 above the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 104°, on the 24th. The mean of the seven read- ings was 82°.2. The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer with its bulb placed on grass was 3i°.7, on the 22d. The mean of the seven readings was 37°. ./¥«!«.— Rain fell on five days, to the amount of 0.47 inch. England : Temperature. — During the week end- ing February 28, the highest temperatures were 59°, at Leeds, 58°.9 at Liverpool, 58°. 8 at Cambridge ; the highest at Brighton was 54", at Plymouth 55°, at Bolton 55°. 8. The general mean was 57°. The lowest temperatures were 27", at Leeds, 29*. I at Wolverhampton, 29^.5 at Plymouth ; the lowest temperature at Brighton was 35°, at Bristol 34°, at PieatOD 33°. 5. The general mean was 30°. 5' March 7, 1S85.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 321 The greatest ranges were 33° at Sheffield, 32° at Leeds, 2S°.2 at Bradford ; the smallest ranges were 19° at Brighton, 22°.5 at Preston, 24. 2 at Bristol. The general mean was 26". 5. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Truro, 53°.7, at Bristol 53°.5. at Sheffield 53°. 3 ; and was lowest at Bolton, 49". 8, at Brighton 50^.1, and at Preston 50°.6. The general mean was 5i°.7. The mean ol the seven low night temperatures was highest at Plymouth, 43°.S, at Truro 42".9, at Bristol 42'. 3; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 37''*f at Bulton 37°. 5, at Sheffield 37°. 7. The general mean was 40". The mean daily range was greatest at Sheffield, 15'^. 6, at Cambridge 14". 7, at Wolverhampton 13°. 6; and was least at Plymouth, S°.7, at Brighton 9°. 2, at Preston 9°. 5. The general mean was Ii''.7. The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 47'.S, at Plymouth 47°. 6, at Bristol 47°.4 ; and was lowest at Bohon, 43".!, at Wolverhampton 43°.4, at Sunderland 44'. 5. The general mean was 45°- 3- Rain. — The largest falls were 1.30 inch at Bolton, 1. 12 inch at Preston, 0.S9 inch at Truro and Ply- mouth ; the smallest (all was 0.02 inch at Sunder- land, 0.17 inch at Wolverhampton, 0.32 inch at Cambridge. The general mean fall was 0. 58 inch. Scotland : Tcmfcralun. — During the week end- ing February 28. the highest temperature was 54*. 8, at Leith ; at Perth the highest was Sl'-S- The general mean was 53°. 5- The lowest temperature in the week was 26°, at Greenock ; at Perth the lowest temperature was 34*.8. The general mean was 30°. 6. The mean temperature was highest at Leith, 46^.2 ; and was lowest at Perth, 43*. The general mean was 44°- 4- Kain. — The largest fall was 1.44 inch, at Greenock ; the smallest fall was 0.36 inch, at Perth. The general mean fall was o 75 inch. J.^MES GL.MSHER, F.R.S. Mr. Alexander Meiklejohn, the Auricula grower, died at the Raploch, Stirling, on the 18th ult. He was one of the old school of 6crists, and was contemporary with Mr. George Lightbody and Mr. Robert Trail. His specialty was Auriculas, and after his retirement from business he gave his whole time to his plants. His collection was the largest in Scotland j nor had he any idea of growing them in heated houses— they were all cultivated in frames of a span-roofed form, the lights at an angle of 45°. His frames were raised above the surface of the ground, in order to admit of the air circulating freely around the plants. He did not raise many seedlings. The variety Alexander Meiklejohn, sent out by him, was raised by a neighbouring farmer named Kay. He raised the fine shaded edged alpine Auricula, Mrs, Meiklejohn. I visited him eleven years ago, when he told me that he had been growing Auriculas for fifty years. Few people can say that they have cultivated and made a specially of one species of flower only for sixty-one years. His age is not stated, but he must have been about eighty-seven. 7. D. The death is also announced of Professor T. C- Archer. Originally connected with the Custom House at Liverpool, he became familiar with the varied vegetable products that are imported into that port, and published a popular handbook of Economic Botany. His technical knowledge led to his nomina- tion as juror or commissioner to several of the ex- hibitions, and ultimately to his appointment as Director of the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art. Professor Archer died quite suddenly on the 19 h ult. Answers to Correspondents. Appointment in a Tea Garden : D. M. K. An application at the India Office, Whitehall, London, for the information you desire would probably meet with a response. Blocics of Ferns : J. H. H. The blocks you men- tion could only be obtained by purchase from the pubUshers, who might, or might not, be disposed to sell you electros of them. They are not to be had in the open market. We trust, if you secure any, you will not adopt the disreputable practice of not acknow- ledging the source whence they are derived. Book on the Vine : H. H. Barron on The Vine, published by MacmiUan & Co., is. 6d. Books : Pomologisl. r, Hogg's Fruit Manual is pub- lished at rjr, Fleet Street, London, E.C. [Journal of Horticulture Office), price 151. 2, British Apples, published by MacmiUan & Co., London, price 2S. 6J. 3, .Manual of Conifers, published by J. Veltch & Sons, Nurseries, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. Corrigenda. — In article " Hybrid Echium," p. 279, February 28, in top line, right-hand column, read " In 1833." instead of "It 183^" Cucumbers : Thomis. The disease is the result of the attacks of microscopic worms, often described and figured in these columns. You will do well to burn all the plants, turn out the soil, and start entirely afresh. "Garden Palms."— We beg to inform our Russian correspondent of the reappearance of the " Notes on Garden Palms " in our columns next week. Foul Lawn-tennis Lawn : J. C. Spudding out the roots, or cutting them off just below the ground-level, and dropping vitriol on the top of the root, are remedies, but they will take up much lime if the weeds are many. It is often more economical to dig up the lawn, throwing out all roots of injurious plants, and after well levelling, sow down with a good assortment of the cleanest sample you can get of lawn grasses. JUNIPERUS virginiana : H. IV. The tree will stand the sea-breezes very well— it is very hardy anywhere— but its growth is not rapid in very windy sites, and it gets brown (rom much exposure to the sea-breezes, unless protected by something deciduous, like Sloe, Tamarisk, Norway Maple, or Sea Buckthorn, as a protecting screen (rom the first onslaught of the wind. Trees that renew their foliage entirely annually should always be in the majority in seaside planting in the front lines. Names of Plants : R. Dondram. r, Rhododendron Falconeri ; 2, sp. not identified ; 3, Falconer! var. Is not No. 2 a hybrid between R. Falconeri and some other species ? — 11^. Stackhouse. 1, Trachelospermum jasminillora. The small Trumpet Narcissus is Ajax minor, the other Tazetta orientalis. 4. Cheiranthus longifolius ; 5. Tritoma uvaria ; 6, Megasia crassi- folia var. — O. O. Dendrobium fimbriatum oculatum, so far as we can judge without knowing the kind ot bulb it has.— y. H. S. I. Maxillaria discolor. We cannot undertake to name Camellia hybrids ; send them to some nurseryman who grows them. New 'YORic Violet : Mrs. Porteous. You can obtain this variety, quite true to name, from Messrs. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent. Peat at Agricultural Hall : S. Pope. Messrs. Gateril & Sons, Bisterne, Ringwood. Plants for Fernery: A Subscriber. The situation is certainly not favourable for growing anything, but such things as Aspidistra lurida and A. 1. variegata, Scolopendriums, Ficus repens. and some of the varie- ties of Selaginella, such as Martensii. umbrosa, denticulata, ought to do fairly well ; also Trades- cantia discolor, T. d. lineata, "T. zebrina, &c. Most likely Grissilinia littoralis, Aucubas, Veronicas, would thrive, and as they are not expensive we would advise you to try them. Nothing will endure for any great length of time, and most things will want re- planting yearly. Club mosses perhaps twice in a year. For soil use fibry peat and sound loam, with an admix- ture of coarse sand, and keep the glass both outside and inside as clean as possible. Removing the Fibry Envelope from Gladiolus Watsonia and other Irids' Corms : W. VV. It is quite immaterial, if not done severely ; but our opinion is that it is better not done at all. Tuberous Begonias : L. The tuber is formed by a swelling ot the caulicle, or portion of the stem inter- vening between the root and the seed leaves. Vines, Cisterns. &c. : IK D. Same of our best Grape growers pinch off the fruit-bearing shoots at the second joint from the bunch. You may remove the buds then left on such shoots beyond the biinch, ex- cept the leading one, if you like to do so. It is imma- terial whether you do so or not. All laterals must be kept in check by pinching them back to one leaf, thus letting them increase a joint at a time ; or you may remove them entirely till the crop is finished, when they may be allowed almost unrestricted growth, as undue checking of the Vines all through the growing season results in checking hkewise the natural and healthy extension of the roots ; a thing to avoid. Stoves, forcing-houses, and the like structures, should be fitted with covered cisterns for holding soft water, if possible, for watering and syringing uses. Evapor- ating troughs and pans are not essential, as the air of a house can be made sufficiently moist by sprinkling floors, walls, &c. In a forcing-house a heap of fer- menting manure is useful during the winter and spring months for the same purpose. Yellow Flowered Rhododendron : W. Messrs. I. Veitch & Sons. Communications Recrived :— Mitir, Margam (packet, with thanlcs).-M. Foster. — ). H.— Emcrgc-H. G. Rchb.— J Cirter & Co.-A. D. W.-Arbre.-P. F. Keir.-W. W.- W. Dod.-J. J.W.-A. D— C. Herrin.-W. B— B.. Birmine. ham.-W. fi.-P. G.-J. S.-J. D.-J. A. D. M.-H H. EUacombe.— Camjee.-J. H.-G.M. K — I. B.-C. K — H. v.— (. J. W.— T.. Buitenzotg.— U. D., St Petersburg. — T M -B. T L.-A. S. W.-R. B.— B. P.— John B.— J. F.— Dr. Bonavia, Eiiwlh.-C. F. Y.-M.— A. W.— F. S. & Co. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Thomas S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London — Chrysanthemums, Hardy Florists' Flowers Hardy Climbing, Creeping, and Trailing Plants : Choice Hardy Perennials. Dickson, Brown & Tait, 43 and 45, Corporation Street, Manchester — Farm Seeds. Ellwanger & Barry, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N.Y. — Fruits. H. Elliott. St. Helier's, Jersey— Chrysanthemums. A. Lietze, Caixa 644, Rio Janeiro — Orchids and Cala- diums. Little & Ballantyne, Carlisle — Farm Seeds. W. Toogood, Southampton— Farm Seeds, inquiries. " He tluti qitestiomth much sJuiH iearti /«ttt:A."— Bacon. White Water Lily. — Can any of our readers give the name o( an English author who mentions the while Water Lily previous to 1600 ? O^arhcls* COVEN'I GARDEN, March 5. Prices as last week, with the exception of Apples, which, owing to indifferent samples from abroad, are now realising good values. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— Ave RACK Wholesale Pricbs. s. - 4 o Acacia, Fr., basket . 40-50 Anemone, 12 bunch. 40-90 Arum Lilies, la blms. 30-60 Azalea, 12 sprays ..06-10 Bouvardias, per bun. 10-16 Camellias, per doz . . 10-40 Carnations, 12 blms. 10-30 Cinerarias, per bun. 09-10 Cyclamen, la blooms 03-06 Epiphyllum, i2blms. 04-06 Eucharis. per doz. .. 40-60 Euphorbia iacquini- flora. 12 sprays ..30-60 Gardenias, la blms.. 40-80 Heliotropes, izsp. .. o 6- i o Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays .. ..10-16 Lapageria, white, 12 blooms .. .. a O- 3 o — red, 12 blooms .. ..10-20 Lily-of-Val.,i2sprays 10-20 J. d. r. d. Marguerites, la bun. 30-60 Mignonette, n bun. 60-90 Narcissus, Paper- whiie, 12 sprays.. 20-36 — French, 12 bun. 20-60 Pelargoniums, per 12 spiays .. ..10-16 — scarlet, 12 sprays 09-10 Primro-^es, 12 bunch, o g- 1 o Primula, double, bun. o 9-10 — sinensis, 12 bun. 40-60 Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60 — French, per doz. 10-20 Spiraia, 12 bunches.. 60-90 Iropaeolum, 12 bun. 30-40 Tulips, 12 blooms ,.09-10 Violets, la bun. ..06-10 — French, bunch.. 10-16 — Parme, French. per bunch . . .. 3 o~ 5 ° Wallflower, 12 bun.. 40-00 White Jasmine, bun. 06-10 Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. I. rf. J. d. Aralia Sieboldi, per dozen .. ..6 0-24 o Arbor-vitae (golden), per dozen ,. ..6 0-18 o — (common), dozen 6 0-12 o Arum Lilies, dozen 9 0-15 o Azaleas, per dozen.. 18 0-42 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 0-18 o Cinerarias, per doz . . 90120 Cyclamens, per doi. 9 0-24 o Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o Dracaena lerminalis. per dozen , . . . 3° 0-60 o — vindis. per doi..i2 0-24 o Epiphyllum. doz. ..18 0-34 o Erica, various, doz, 9 0-18 o Euonymus, various, per dozen .. -.6 0-18 o Evergreens, in var., per dozen .. ..6 0-24 o . d. t. d. Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 o Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ..2 o-io o Genista. 12 pots .. 9 0-18 o Hyacmihs, p^r doz. 60-90 Lily-of-the- Valley, 12 pots .. .. 15 0-24 o Marguerite Daisy, per dozen .. ..8 0-15 o Myrtles, per doz. ., 6 0-12 o Narcissus. 12 pots .13 0-18 o Palms in variety, each .. ..2 6-21 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen .. 40-90 Primula sinensis, per dozen .. ,.40-60 Solanums, dozen .. 9 0-12 o Spi'xa, per dozen. .12 0-18 o Tulips, dozen pots .. 8 0-10 o SEEDS. London : March 4.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, of 37, Mark Lane, report that for the time of the year un- usual quietude continues to characterise the trade for farm seeds. Values for all descriptions are now so low that they may be regarded at about a holding over level. Italian and perennial Rye grass keep steady. For spring Tares there is a fair sale at full prices. Winter Vetches are scarce. The trade for Canary and Hemp is very slack. Rapes eed holds its own. and has a good demand. Feeding Linseed is depressed. 322 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 7, 1885. SHABPE'S EARLY PARAGON PEA. The Earliest Large Wrinkled Marrow. Flrst-claaa Certificate, Royal Horticultural Soc, 1884 PARAGON shows in many respects a great improve- ment upon any variety at present in the trade. It is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow of fine flavour ; height from 3 to 4 feet. The pods are produced two and three together in such abundance as to almost conceal the foliage. They are of an unusual size, broad and thick backed, containing from twelve to fourteen immense I'eas packed in a double row. Paragon is the earliest of the large Wrinkled Marrows, being ready before Prizetaker. It is very hardy, and will stand earher sowing than any Pea of its class, it is most valuable tor succession crops, as it is not liable to mildew, and a constant supply of Peas for four months can be obtained from this one variety. Paragon will prove a most invaluable Market Gar- deners' Pea. its earliness, hardiness, and immense crop- ping quality surpass anything yet sent out— it also stands long railway carnage without injury. The foUr.ivin^ Testimonial is from the largest dealers in the kingdom in Peas fo" Market Garden Purposes :— '"December 6 1884.— In reply to yours respecting your Paragon Pea, We prew it last season and were favourably im- pressed with its qualities. We consider it a great improvement on Telephone, the pods being a much better colour and the Peas in it being much finer. We consider it is the finest Pea in our trials last season, and we grew every Pea we thought of merit and nearly every novelty." CHARLES SHARPE k CO., SLEAFORD. Special Cheap Offer. RAND A. MORRISON, The Nurseries, • EJgin, beg to oflFer : — ABIES DOUGLASI1.2-yr., iss. ; 2-yr.. i-yr , 35J.;6t0 9 inches, 60J.; 9 to 15 inches, 75J. per 1000. ACACIA THORN, i-yr., zs. 6d. per 1000. ALDER, I-yr. 3s ; ij^ to a feet, its. 6d. per icoo. BRIER, Dog. i-yr-, 3s. 6d. per 1000. ,, Sweet, I-yr., 3J 6rf. per ioo\ HORNBEAM. 2-yr., 7J. 6rf. per looo _ LARCH, I-yr., ij., £6 jot. per 100,000 ; 18 to 24 inches, 221 6d.; 2 to 3J4 feet, isj^. per looo. ASH. Mountain. 3 to 4 feet, 15J. per icoo. PINUS LARICIO. i-yr., is. ^d. per 10:0. „ MARITIMA. i-yi., 3^- per ^°°° '• ^^ » ^-y''» 5^' per looc. ., MONTANA. 12 to 18 inches, 125. 6d. per ico3 FIR, Scotch, true native, i-yr., 3s per 1000. £7 10s. per 100,000; 2-yr., 25 per 1000, £j 10s. per icoooo ; 9 to 15 inches, gs. per icoo; 12 to 18 inches, ics. td. per 1000. SERVICE TREE, i-yr.. -js. 6d.: 4 to 5 feet, 15J. per io30. SYCAMORE, I-yr., 2*. fir/, per 1000, ELM, Wvch 2 to 3 (eet, iis. 6d. per 1000. RHODODENDRONS, Hybrids. named, 2-yr. grafted, 40J. per 100; 12 to 24 inches, ices, per 100. ROSES, newest sorts, 20J. per loo. APPLE STOCKS, i-yr , 2s. : 2-yr., 51.; i-yr. , i-yr , loi. 6^/. per 1000. Samples on application. New and Choice ChrysanthemumB. ROWEN begs to call attention to his • choice collection, which compiises only the best new and old varieties. Strong rooted cuttings, twelve varieties for 1885, 71. 6d. : ditto for 1884. 31. 6d ; best o'd varieties. 2j. 6 i. per dozen —cuttings, 6d. per dozen less, post-free for cash. CATALOGUE one stamp. Mr. Eowbrman, Hacltwood Park Gardens, ja>J .' — " They are the best cuttings I ever had sent me.'' The Floral Nursery, Maidenhead. ILBERT'S UNIVERSAL SAVOY and CHOU DE BURGHLEY. — "The Times of Horli- cutture " says :— " Universal Savoy proved to be of excellent quality, and the En'eat public show their appreciation of same by ordering 400 packets last week." GILBERT'S CHOU DE BURGHLEY.— The Times agaxa says :— " Mr. Gilbert is to be coneratuUted on such a sterling novelty, and the great public show their appreciation of same by daily ordering it." Free bv post. UNIVERSAL SAVOY, 7s. 6d. per packet ; CHOU DE BURGHLEY. is. 6d. per packet. Trade supplied. HRYSANTHEMUMS. — Specialty. — 420 varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest and cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plant?, purchaser's selection, 2j. 6(^. per dozen, i6j. per roo ; cuttings, u. 6rf. per dozen. loi. per loo ; W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe, Kent. LAING'S BEGONIA TUBERS. All Good Tuber-, just starting into Growih. Free by Parcels' Post. CATALOGUES Gratis. Our own Unrivalled Varietie?. Named Sorts, per dozen, Singles ;— A, ^is. : B, 365. , C, 3or. ; D, 245.: F, i8.^ ; F. 12J. Named Sort.', per dozen, Doubles :— K, 63-. ; S, 48.*.; T. ^is. Unnamed S )rts, per dczen, Singles :—G. ai-. ; H. 18'. : J.. 15/.; K, i2s. ; L, CfJ. For Bedding, per ioo:-M. 40 . ; N., 30J. ; O, 345. Unnamed Sorts, per dozen, Doubles :— W, Zos. ; X, 24J.; Z. i£s. LAING AND CO.. Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E. w Cheap Plants.-Special Oifer. ILLIAM iiADMAN offers as under from store pots, all healthy, well-rooted, and fit for present potting : — TRICOLORS— Mrs. Pollock, one of the best, ar. oer dozen, 15s. per 100; Lady Cullum, S. Dumaresque, Sir R Napier, 2S, 6d. per doz-n, iSs. per 100. Twelve choice varieties Tricolors, for 55. SILVERS— May Queen (Turner^). Flower of Sprinp, Prince Siiverwines, Little Trot and Bijou, 2 J. perdo7., los. per 100. GOLD LEAF— Civstal Palace Gem. 21. per dozen, ioj. per 100 : Hapt-y 1 bought. 2S. fd. per dozen. BRONZE — McMahon, Black Dougla5, Czar (best bedders), 2s. perrioT'en, 15J. per 100. SCARLET-Ve.-uviuF, Jean Sisley, Col. Seely, is. 6d. per drzen, Ss. per lOo. PINK— Master Christine, Mr?. Levers (fine), is. id. per dozen, lOJ. per lOo. WH ITE— Madame Vaucher and Virgo Mane, is. 6d. ptr dozen, to-f. per 100. CRIVISON — Herry Jacoby, 2t. per dozen, 151. per 100; Wnliham Seedling, u. 6d per dozen, &s. per mo. LOBELIA— Brighton, Blue Stone, Pumila magnitica, 3J. per 10 , 2r.r. per iLOr. HELIOTROPE— Jean d'Amour, Miss Nightingale and Light, 6s. per ICO. AGERATUM — Imperial Dwarf Blue, s^- per lor, 40J. per ico?. CALCEOl ARIA-Goldeu Gem and Dark Camden Hero, 5^. per 100, 40J. per loor. COLF.US VerschalTelti and IRESINE L'ndeni. 55. per 100. TROP/EOLUM- Vesuvius, dwarf, good bedded, 8.r. per loc. PELARGONIUMS— Show and Fancy, in single pots, 3s. per dozen, 20s. per 100. Packing included. Terras Cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesenci. ^^ PRIVET, Strong bushy oval-leaved, 4 to 5 feet, suitable for Hedges. Common LAURELS, strong, bushy, 3 to 4 feet. Samples and Prices on application to T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingslon-on-Thames, O BE SOLD, for want of room, TREE FERN, DICKSONIA ANTARCTICA, 4 feet stem. Apply pt The Dales Lodge, Whitefield. near Manchester. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE EEFUSE, 4^. per bushel ; loo for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 405. : 4-bushel bags, id each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. &/. per sack ; 5 sacks. 25s. ; sacks, 4^, each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks 22J. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, u. gd. per bushel ; isr. per half Ion, a6i, per ton. in 2-bushel bags, id. each. ,.,.., YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAr.MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, IJ. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. erf. per sack. MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TO- BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Fiee Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21. Goldsmith's Stieet, Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard). W.C. Notice. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.— Reduced price The same as supolied to the Royal Hor- ticultural Society of England. Truck-load, loose, of 2 tons, 2C5. Large quantities contracted for. It. sacks :~Ten, is. : twenty, IKS ■ forty, 25s , bigs included. Free on Rail. Cash with all orders.— J. SIEVENS and CO.. Cocoa-nut Fibre Merchants, " Greyhound Yard." and 153, High Street. Battersea, S.W. OCOA NUT FIBRE REFUSE.— Best and fre^h only, is. per bag; is bags, 12J. ; 30 bags 22J , sent to all parts : trucks, 23J.. free to Rail. PEAT and LOAM.— A. FOULON, 32, St. Mary Axe, London, E.C. GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous . . a^ 6^. per sack ; 5 sacks for 30s. PEAT, best black fibrous .. 3s. 6d. „ 5 sacks for 151. PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5J. od. ,, LOAM, brrst yel'ow fibious . . "J PREPARED COM POST,best» per bu.h. (sacks iucluded). LEAF MOULD, best only .. { PEAT MOULD ,. ■■ -^ . ^ SILVER SAND, coarse, is. 3d. per bush., us. half ton, aai.ton RAFFIA FIBRE, best only 8t/. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported . . 8^. lb., 28 lb. i8j. TOBACCO PAPER „ (Specialile) Sd. lb.. 28 lb. iSj. MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack.. 51. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected 2s. per bush., 6s. per sack. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, ts. each ; 10 sacks, 9^. ; 15 sacks, 13J. ; 20 sacks, ijs. ; 30 sacks, 25J. ; 40 sacks, 30J. Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 301. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in sacks only aj each. Terms, strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL. LONDON, E. 12- oz. Sample Pacbeta, free by post. 12 stamps. FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &C.— BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best q.iahiy for Or. hi^s, Stove Plants. &c ,^6 65. per Truck. BLACK FIBROUSPEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths. American Plant Beds, 151. per ton per Truck. Sample Bag, $s ; 5 Hags, aai. f^d. ; 10 Rags, 45J. Bags included. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 101 f^. per Bdg. SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 57s. per Truck of 4 tons. WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Staiinn, Hams LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE (Registered). —Soluble in waier. The che3pesi, safest, and most effectual Insecticide extant. Harmless to flower and ioli'gr, Instant death to Mealy Bug, Scale, Thi-p-, R^d Sp der. Green and Black Fly, American Blieht, Mildtw, Ants, &c As a winter dressing unequalled. See circulars, with testimonials, from many of the leadme Gardeners on its behalf. Sold by mo- 1 of the leading Nut ^eri men. Seedsmen, and Garden Manure Maf;ufaciurer3, in tins- per pint, is 6a. ; quart, 2J. gd.; half gallon, 51 ; gallon, qi DirtctK-ns for u-e wuh each tin. Wholesale. J. W. COOKE, Ma ka Place W ins ford ; and A. LAING. Kawcliffe, Seluv, Yoik, ; also Mes-rs, OSMAN AND CO, IS, Windsor Street, Fish, psgate, London ; and W. FRASER. i4. High Street. Perth. ALCUTTA BONE MEAL.— For sale, in quantities to suit purchasers, Fifty Tons Bates' Pure, in 3 cwt. bags, lying in the Royal Albert Dock. Guaranteed toconlain 54 per cent. Phosphate, and 4 per cent. Ammonia. For samples, price, and copy of analysis, aoply to the Brokers, A. AND W. NESBITT, 10. Fenchurch Averue. London. F.C. C GENUINE GARDEN RECJUISITES, as T supplied to the Royal Gardens. — Fresh Cocca-Nut Fibre Refuse, 4 bushel bags, u. each ; 30 for 25J.— bags included. Two Ton Truck, free on Rail. 255. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, ss. per sack : 5 for 22s. 6d. ; 10 for 35^. ; 20 for 60s Best Black Fibrous Peat, 4s. td. per sack ; 5 for sos. ; 10 for 3ar. Coarse Bedford Sand, ^s fih with Order— direct from the manufacturer, W.H Beeson.Carbrook BoneMills, Sheffield. Tcslim^niils from ihe Rev. Canon Hole, and mo;t of the leading G.irdeners. free oti application. Pute CruhhcfMlnbiiled HONK'^. any s^z ■. for Vine Borders, g^C WHOl.K'-ALE AGKNTS IN LONDON. COBRY, BOPEB, FOWLER & CO. (Limited). GRF.AT INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL E.K- HIBITION. held at Hambure -The MASSIVE SILVER CUP given by Her Majesty Queen Victokia for the Best Specimen of Grapes was awarded to JOSEPH MEREDITH. This and other famous successes largely attributable to the use of this celebrated Manure. Used recularly in most of the leading establishments in the United Kingdom. CIRCULARS, with price and full directions (or use. free on application to JAMES MEBKDITH, Seedsman, Ac, 126, BRIDGE STREET, WARRINGTON. EUREKA! ! INSECTICIDE. Prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, StocUbrldge, Edlnturgh. His/i£st Awards Forestry Exhibition. Edinlurgh. " Clovenfords, by Galashiels, N.B,, July S5, 1883. ** Mr. Smith,— Dear Sir,— We have now tiitd your Insecn- cide on all the Insects we can find on any of oijr Plants, includ- ing Orchids, and used as directed by you we find Jt inslai't destruction to them all, while it neither slains nor injures the tenderesl leaf. We shall in future use no Fir-tree Oil, or other Insecticide but yours.— We are, yours t.uly, "WILLIAM THOMSON and SONS.' WHOLES.ALE AGENTS:— COBRY, SO PER, FOWLER & CO., 18. Flnabury street, London, EC. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leadiii'j Gardeners since iSso against Red Spider. Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight, i to a ounces to the gallon of soft water; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing forVinrs and Orchard.house Trees ; and in lalher from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, \s., 3.,.. and los. 6rf. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, bd. and is., from the Trad-. Wholesale from PRICK'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. _ SILVER SAND, excellent, coarse, Ts. and Si per ton. PEAT, excellent, 6r., 8j. and loj. per cubic yard. It )AM, excelleni, lO.r and 13J ler cubic yard. FiceoD rail by trucklnads. In sacks at mndrrate pr-ce.. W. SHORT, Hoiticultuial Company, Midhutst, Sussex. March 7, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 323 HENRY ORMSON & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER HEATING ENGINEERS, STANI.EY BRIDGE. KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. Catalogues, Plans and Estimates free on application. Surveys made and Gentlemen waited on in any part of the Country. CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT. THE Thames Bank Iron Company, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E. Special Ceitiflcate, Have the Largest and most Complete Stock in the Trade. May.2, HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes. Illustrated CA TALOGUE, i^t/i Edition, price is. Price List on application Free. Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or the Materials supplied. Fine and Terminal-end Saddle Boiler. Patent Reliance Eotary Valves. TO BE HAD FROM ALL IRONMONGERS X N U RS ERYM E N . * Sing If E eYuiNDEi^I^OLUEe,s, 16.x i6, 2.0 X 2:0 AfD; 24x24 D0OBLE d?'Same.;Sizes. s- ■a Si -^m I5,UPPER THAMES S:- 30,RED CROSS ST ,,,J25, BUCHANAN ST^^^ ©flf^l^OlM WOI^KS.FALKIRK.RB. ERvid SSwan,. Manager, HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION m ERECTED and HEATED. ULSSENGEB & CO.'S GBEENHonsES are conatrncced so as to obtatQ, wltb the least obBtructlon to light and sun the greatest Strength and Rigidity. The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, dely competition. Three Medals awaided to Messenger & Co. by the Royal Horticultural Society, 1882. Plans and Estimates &ee on application. Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses, Forcing Houses, &^c., recently erected by M. Sr" Co., for 24 stamps. MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. 324 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [March 7, iS B O U L T O N & NORWICH. PAUL. No. 76. Melon or CucumDer Frames. Ca^h Prices. Carriage Paid. Packing Cases. No. 2. 8 ft. long, 6 (t. wide, j£3 5 o 41. (yd. \ Allowed for in No. 3. 12 ff. long, 6 ft. wide, 4126 51. od. V fullif reiurned No, 4. 16 (t. long. 6 ft. wide, 600 55. td. I at once. 13 inches deep in front, and 24 inches at the back ; lights 2 inches thick, with iron bar and handle to each light. All pained four coats of best oil coluui, the lights filajcd with 2 -02. English glass. Catalogues and Lists prst-free. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are wiihout exception the most useful kind of Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden >houId possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken ap:irt in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station in England, ready glazed and painted: — 0 'eet long. 4 feet wide, packing cases free X2 '5 o 12 feet long, 4 feet wide, ,, ,, „ 4 15 o 6 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,, ,, 3 »5 o 12 (eet long, 5 feet wide. ,, „ „ 6 10 o 'ihe glass is nailed and puttied m. B. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL KOW, LONDON, E.C. W. H. LASCELLES *Nn CO. will give Estimates for every descripiion of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge, and send competent assistants when necessary. LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various coli-urs. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at 121. Bunhill Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside. E.C. Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildmgs, Greenhouses and Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages, sent pojt-free on application. The Original and only Genuine Trentiiam Riveted Boiler. Becently Improved and Beduced in Price. Also Makers of all other kinds of Boilers for Heating. hot-watee pipes and fittings of every description for Heating Apparatus. THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM. HIGH and LOW PRESSURE and HOT-AIR HEATING APPARATUS ERECTED and GUARANTEED. PBED. SILVESTEB, Caetle Hill Foundry, Newcastle, Staffordshire. ALL MACHINES SENT CAREIAOE PAID and A MONTH'S FREE TRIAL ALLOWED. THE WORLD. THE AUTOMATON. RANSOMBS' LA^VN M O \?V E R S THE *• WORLD" LAWN MOWERS are the best for cutting lor g grass, and are constructed nn the American system with the special advantages of English materials and workmanship. Ihey are made in nine sizes, 8 to 24 inches. Prices from 45s. to £ . THE '* REVERSIBLE" LAWN MOWERS are suiiable for small gardens and borders. They roll the gra-^s as well as cut it. and can be used either side upwards. They are made in three sizes, 6 to lo inches. Prices from 27s. to 45s. THE "AUTOMATON" LAWN MOWERS are the best machines for general purposes and gaideneii' use. Thcv leave no ribs in the grass but produce a perlecc sui'acc. They are made in eight sii:^F, 8 to 23 inches. Prices from 55s. to £8 lOa. THE HORSE-POWER MOWERS are the best for Large Lawns, Cricket and Lawn Tenuis Clubf. They are used on the Cricket Grounds of the Oxford and Kdin. burth Universities and numerous Colleges and Public ScHools* Ihey are made in six sizBS, 26 to 48 inches. Prices from £14 lOs. to £32. Complete Price LISTS may be obtained from any respectable Ironmonger, or RANSOMES, SIMS & JEFFERIES (Ld.), IPSWICH. IMPROVED VINE ROD FASTENER. PATENT. Vine Rods arc now attached to the wire, or lowered to be pruned, in a few moments. The fastener is always ready, and being made of Jtrong material will last several years. Many ex- perienced Vine growers have already adopted it, and expressed their entire approval of the result Box containing 6 dozen, price i,s. Sold by R. H. and J. PEARSON, i+i and 14-^. High Street, Notting Hill, W. ; and J. W. DART, St. Aubin's, Jersey. 70HN CORBETT, Hot- WATER Engineer, O corporation road. CARLISLE, Inventor and Sole Manu*'actiirer of the RIGUADEN WROUGHT-IRON WATERWAY FIRE- BAR BOILERS The best and most economical Boilers ever introduced. An additional healing power of fully one-third is obtained by the use of these Wrought -iron Waterway Bars. Chuc/ies, Schools, and all Horticultural Buildings Heated on the most approved principles by Hot Water, PLANS ANO ESTIMATES FREE. THOS. W. ROBINSON, DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE, 4-in Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 41. yi. each ; 4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, g feet long, 4J. 6d. each. Price List on application. PERN BASKETS, Conservatory and Garden Wirework. SUSPENDING BASKETS, FLOWER STANDS, WIRE TBELLIS, VINE TRELLIS, PEACH TRELLIS, WALL WIRING. COVERED WAYS, GARDEN ARCHES. WIRE SUMMER HOUSES, ROSERIES, ROSE TEMPLES. ROSE FENCE =i, ROSE TRAINERS, ROSE SCREENS, BALLOON TRAINERS WIRE NETTING, PHEASANTRIES, AVIARIES. Bee Catalogue. R. HOLLIDAY, HORTICULTURAL IRON AND WIRE WORKS, The '' Pbeasantry," Beaufort Street, CHELSEA, S.W. IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS, Iron and Wire Espalier, &c. CATALOGUE Frtl. Pltast name thh fafir. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON; And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, E.C. Oil Faint no Longer Necessary. HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH, for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. {Reentered Trade Mark.) This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on all outdoor work, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was introduced upwards of thirty years ago by tt-e Advertisers, and its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing s.ile. It may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the mcst flattering testimonials have been received. Sold in Caiks of about 30 gallons each, at is. 6d. per gallon, at the Manufactory, or is. 8d. per galloo carriage paid to any Station in the Kingdom. Unsolicited Testimonial, *^ Piercefield Park, June 21, 1876.— Sirs. — I have ihis day forwarded from Chepstow to your address a bt.ick varnish cask, to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the ta^.r>\) v^weathcrbetler y^ A:^'\y^ y^ t^""i ^''y othei '^ \\\^ v^ class of l-kadin^, 0\) y^ and may be beoefia- direct rays of the sun, but admitting the greatest amount of tight attain- able through shading M ally used on account of the thickness of its texture. during cold weather, to keep the (ro-t out. R Warner, Esq., *>^ y' Eroomfield, Chelmsford, has em- fc^^jl^ j/"^ ployed this m.iterial for some years, . V^ y^ a^Q spraks very highly of it. pronouncing \^ y^ it to be the very best material for Orchids ' * he has ever u-ed. Blinds made up and fixeJ cottipUie. Sold in pieces, 30 ya di long by \% yard wide. Price 45J. each. Sample submitted. B. S. WILLIAMS, VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. RUSSIA MATS. JAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every description of RUSSIA MATS for Coveiiog, Tying, and Packing, at the very lowest possib'e prices. TOBACCO PaP£K, RAFFIA, RROWN PEA1, SILVER SAND. COCOA FIBRE REFUSE (Best onl>). and other HORTI- CULTURAL REQUISITES. Full Descriptive P.iced Catalogue post-lree on application. i<9, Commercial Street, Shoieditch, London, E. Under the Patronage of the Queen. JSMITH'S IMPERISHABLE • STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK- FACED LETTERS. The Gardener's Magazine Says :— " We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH. The Royal Label Factory, Stratfoixl-on-Avon. LAWN MOWER REPAIRS. DEANE AND CO. have SPECIAL FACILITIES for Grinding and Repaiiing Lawn Mower.; of all nukes, a large staff of EXPERIENCFD WORKMEN being employed lor ihepurpise THOROUGHNESS in REPAIR and MODE- RATE CHARGES guaranteed. Early orders for repairs are requested, as it is difficult to insure prompt delivery if left ti.l the beginning of the reason. Estimates given in all cases before commencing the work. r\r\ I'EB CENT. FOR CASH /\\ OFF ALL LAWN MOWERS, t-i\J CARRIAGE PAID. AH the best mjkcs of Laivn Mowers in Stock. Lawn Mowers, Rollers Barrows, Garden Seats, Spades. Forks, and Tools, Wlrework, &c., &c. DEANE AND CO.'S ILLUSTRATED GARDEN CATA- LOGUE uhe most comp'ele Catalogue of Gatden Furniture published) gratis and post-free. DEANE & CO., {^■J^tl), LONDON BRIDGE. DOULTON & WATTS, LAMBETH POTTERY, LONDON, S.E. VASES, PEDESTALS. FOUNTAINS, GARDEN EDGINGS, Ac, IMPERISHABLE TERRA COTTA. Tiles for Lining Walls of Conservatories. ART POTTERY, including JARDINIERES AND OTHER Table Decorations, and Vases. Fountains, &c., for the Conservatory, In DOULTON WARE, LAMBETH FAIENCE, AND THE NEW SILICON WARE. Show 1*001118, Albeit ►mbank'neTit, B.E. /^.ARDEN NETTING VJ (eaih piece 30 yards long). Ni.2 at 4K''- per ^>'" >ara of 54 inches; j2-\uc\i,6%d.\ icoinch. SJ^ '. N^o. 3 at sMd. per rmi yard of 54 inches; 72-inch, j%d.\ ir-o-incb, to}-id. HOTHOUSE SHADINGS (each piece 30 yards I ^ng). frine NETTING 5l4d. pft run yard of 54 inches ; 72-inch, 75^*/. loo-inch. ioJ^(/. Na. 6a NETTING gf^rf. per run yard of 54 inches ; 72-inch, IS. o%d. ; io>-inch, u. 6/. No. 6 NETTING lod. per run yard of 54 inches; 72-iDch, IS. id.; I o inch, is. yd. Nf^. I TIFFANY, 3?. 6d. per piece, 20 vards X 38 inches wide. Nf. 2 TIFFANY, 4r. per riece, 20 yaids x 38 mches wide. P.*''. — Neltingsand Shadii gs made up in blinds if required. RALPH WALLER and CO. (Limited), 45, Dale Street, Manchester. T BLACKBURN and SONS, ^ • Ru.=siA Mat Merchants and Importers. ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MATS of every de- scription at wholesale prices for Packing, Covering, and Tying, fiom rir per loD. Manufaciiueis of SACKS and BAGS, ROPES, LINES, and TWINES. SEED BAGS all sires, SCR I M and TI FFAN Y, for shading and covering, in all widths ; TANNED NETTING, TARRED TWINE and TARRED Yarn. RAFFIA FIBRE for tying. TOBACCO PAPER and TOBACCO CLOTH. COCOA-NUr FIBRE REFUSE, and GARDEN SUNDRIES. Price List free on application. Special QaotatioDS to large buyers. 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.G. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, die. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAU & SON, 9. LOWER THAMES STREET. LONDON. E.G. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of so in. by lain., 30 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., ao in. by 18 in. , in i6-oz. and 3I-OZ. ; and also larec sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in aoo-ft. and 300ft. case.*;. SPECIAL G LASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c. All sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application. T. & W. F A K M I li O E, Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W. 326 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 7, 1885. PURE WOOD CHARCOAL FOR VINE BORDERS, FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES, ROSES. FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES. AND GENSRAL HORTICULTURAL PUKPOSKS. HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds, Yorkshire. CHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE OAKDltNING and the IMPROVEMENT of ESTATES, CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E. Principal — Mr. H. E. MiLNER. A.M. Inst. C.E. Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower. Public Lectuies. WEDNESDAYS at 4 p.m Prospectus and full pariiculais on application to the SUfEKINTENDENT of the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace. Mr. MiLNER has moved his Offices to the above address, where his professional work is now carried on. Gentlemen having Waste or Unprofitable Land SHOULD APl'LV FOR PAMPHLET ON NUT TREES TO Mr. COOPEK, F.R.H.S., CALCOT GARDENS, READING. BERKS. FOR SALE, THOMPSON'S "GAR- DENERS' ASSISTAN r," well bound, clean, and peifect, with Coloured Plates. C^^st 3^r. ; lowest price. 23^. JOHN SCAMMELL, Wilton, Wilts. Post-free, b)fid. THE POTATO DISEASE. A Brief Account of the Latest Discoveries of the Disease. By John Hammond. I, Gosport Street. LymiDgton, Hants. Vol. I (743 Illustrations), 15J., Montly Paris u. DICTIONARY of GARDENING; a Scientitic and Practical Eocyckpasdia of Hiirticulture for Gardeners and Botanists. Edited by liEO. NICHOLSON, of the Royal Botanic Gardens. ICew. London : S. UPCOTl' GILL, 170. Strand, W.C. LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools. Pritx xr. sewed. London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO., Bouvene Street. E.C. Take Notice of WOOD £c MILTON S PATENT. The Future BoiUr for Nurserymen and Gardeners, Heating any amount up to 15,000 leet. Advantages over all other inventions. Price List free on application. Please write your addrcses plainly. WOOD, TO BE DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEED BUSINESS. A splendid going concern One of the finest in existence, doing a lajge and (rentable trade. An unusual oppottunity. Apolv (by Iciler only) to Mess.s PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 aud 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. TX/ANTED, a PARTNER, or to PUR- » » CHAhE One of ihe best concerns in the Trace, eiji^yiiig a fine and lapioly incrta^lng business. An altogether excep* tioi'sl opportui.it> for a capiialisi. Amount required from an Idc mer, not less ihan ;£5ooo. Anangemcni* could ptubably be made to retain the services of the Managers and foremen.— Apply loMessrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Aucti ne-^rs, 67 ai.d 68. Cheapsde, City, E.C. WANTED, an active single young man, as WORKING PAH I NEK, With ^.00 .japit^i, in an estabtishfd Flnnst, "-eed, acri Friiiterer'.s Rusiness capable of coii-'iderable ex eii>iun - Z. Y X., Gardenen' Chronicle Ufiice, 41, Wellington .Sireei S[rai,d, W.C AN'IKD, a WuRKiNG PARINER, wiih abou £,1,0, in a wtrli-esiablished Stedsm^n and Florisi B>>siiit!'S 5 nolcs Irtin P.O A good opporiuniiy. Large in.TeoMi g i.cijihb<>urh:od. Farmer must be a good gardener.— Address, birfU g I'StiicularE, to W. L. "^ , Gardeners' Chronicle Office 4(, Wtll.i gti n Street, :3trand, W.C. \V A N T h. I ), an experienced WORKING V ^ M A N AG E R, lor 6 acres 01 Ma ktt Garden and GUs5 for Cut Flomis, Toin,iios, &c.— H. M. MARTYN, Countess Weir Exeter. WANTED, for a large Nursery, a very first- cl.ss man, as HEAD FOKEMAN or MANAGER. No one unle-s thoroughly efficient and capable in everyway need apph.— Aadiess m fwn haiidwriting. with all partici tari as lo agf, ex)jfrieiice, references, salary optcted, and when rii engaged, to C. W. C.. Gardeners' Chroni le Office, 41, Wellii gioi. Sti^ei Strar.d. W.G. \y ANTED, a GARDENER, one who » » uiidei stands the care of a Small Herd of Jersey Cattle. —Address by letter lo the MIRABLES, Untercliff. Isle of Wight. ANTED, a Man and his Wife as SINGLE-HANDED GARDENER and good LAUNDRESS for a small family. Not over 40 ytais o( age, and without family. The man must be a really good Kitchen Gardener (very little g'ass), and make himself useful. Coitage, coal, gas, and vgetabtes when avaihble. Address by letter, in first instance to M. M.» The Larches, Orpington, Kent. w WANTED, a thorough practical FORE- MAN.—Weii up in PjopagaiiDg. Must be a gord Plantsman, iind competent to Manage Men. Married man preferred— no children. Also a man for the Houses. Muht understand Early and Late Forcing, &c., for a Gentleman's large Garden. None but good men need apply. — Apply by letter, with copies of testimonials, stating wages required, with iDdgings, &c.. to J. BROADBEAR, the Gardens, The Chest- nut<, Denmark Hdl, S.E. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a steady, re-pectable youns man, as FOREMAN.— Oie who thoroughly undeibtands Stove and Greenhouse Plants Orchidp, Vines. Cucumbers, and Mel.ns. Reddir^ and Decorative Plants. — y»pply by letter to JOHN LEMAN, Gardener, The Lawns, Eaton, Norwich. ANTED, a FRUIT TREE FOREMAN IQ large Nursery. Must be thoroughly efficient in every respect.- Apply.wiih all particulars as to salary exnected, age, and references, to A. B C, Messrs. Nutting & Sons, 106, Southwaik Street, London, S E. WAN TED, a WORKING NURSERY Foreman, well up in Grafting and Budding— one who has had some experiecce under Glass, A go^d coitage in the nursery.— CATTELL and GREEN, Bourne Nursery, Hadlow, Kent. ANTED, an experienced MUSHROOM GROWER.— C. Z.,Crediton^ _____^ _ WANTED, a steady and industrious MAN, who has been bred up to the Nursery Business, to Grow Plants for Maiket and Cut Bloom. Wages azr. per week. Also a YOUTH who is used to the business.— HY. GODFREY, Nurseryman, Stourbridge. ANTED, a young MAN, for a Rose Nursery, who is a good Budder, and can take charge of Greenhouses. Terms to begin wiih, 15,1, a week and boihy. — Add.ess, with reference, to GEORGE TEMPLETON, Rcse Merchant, Prestwick, N. B, ANTED IMMEDIATELY, a good GENERAL NURSERY HAND, who can Bud and Graft. Married preferied. Good character indiipen^able. — Apply, staling wages required, with reference;, to CHARLES AND J. W. TUWNSEND. Nu.serymen. Fordham. near Soham. ANTLD, IMMEDIATELY, TWO young MEN. in the Houses, quick at Potting and Tying. None need apply that have not been accustomed to Nursery Wurk. State wages — E. J. BATCHELOR, Harlow Heath Nuisery, Harrogate. Eastern Counties' Asylum for Idiots, Colchester. WANTED, a single man or widower, as GARDENER ATTENDANT, with a practical know- ledge of Kitchen and Flowtr Gardenia small Greenhouse for bedding out plants. Salary ,^^25 per annum, wiih Board, I.odg- ii>g and Washing.— Apply to the SUPERINTENDENT, stating age, relerence, &c. WANTED, a Gentleman, to take the entire CHARGb: of the COUNTJNG-HOUSE of a leading Nursery establishment, wiih a view to PARTNERSHIP or PURCHASE. Must be able to invest in the business a con- siderable am< unt of cash. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C- W ANTED, an Assistant with a knowledge of the Seed and Nursery Business, to Assist in Office and Shop, and occisionaliy as Salesman. — R. H. VERTE- GANS, * had Valley Nutsenes, Edgbaston, Birmingham. WANT PLACES. "P B. LAIRD AND SONS (successors to the -t-V« late Firm ol DowNiB & Laird) can at present recom- mend with every codfidence several first-iate SCOTCH GAR- DENERS, whose character and abilities may b^ thoroughly de- pended upon, eiiher for Large Establishraeni^ 01 Single-handed Situations ; also FOREMEN. UNDER CARDENERb, and FARM BAILIFFS.-17 Fiederick Street, > dinburgh. BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he • has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for tlie diffTent capacities will he made — H-^l'iJway. N. C O T C H GARDENERS. — John Downie. Seedsman, 144, Pri ices Street, Ed n- bu'^h, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH G\RnENEKS, wailing le-tngagements, ;.r wages ranging fiom ^50 to ;Cioo per annum and he will b<- p'eased to supply full paiticular:> to any N obit- man or Gentleman r quiring a trust- worthy and competent Gardener. IC H ARD SMITH \ND CO. beg to announce that they are c .sianlly receiving applications from Garder.ers seeking siti'alions, and that ihey will be able to supply any Lady oi Gentleman with particulars, &<:. — St Jf-hn's Nurseries. Worcester. Journeymen and Foremen. Scutch. JOHN DOWNIE, SEEDSMAN, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on his Boi'lcs a number of first-rate Yuung Men who wish to go tu England. — Parti- culars on application. ' j ^O LANDED PROPRIETORS, &c.— A. \~- McI^TYRE(late of Victoria Park) is now at liberty to undertake Kormaiion and Planting of Newdrden and Paik Grounds, and Remodelling existing Gardens, Plans prepared, 115 Li-iria Park, Stamford Hill. N. GARDENER (He^d).— Understfinds Early and Late Forcii.g of Flowers, Fruits, ^nd Vegetables. Fourteen years' character from ate employer. —L, I'ANSON, FoxUy, Hereford. ARDENER (Head).— Age 33, married. C'j Bonus will be givtn lo any one securing tlic Adver- tiser a situation as above. Sixteen years' practical experience ill alt branches Five years* good character from last place. — L. W. P., 33, Rose Bank, Copleaon Rpad, Peckham. S.E. GARDENER (Head).— Age 28, married; thoroughly experienced in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Fioweis and Vegetables, Orchids. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Ferns. Flower and Knchen Garden. Excellent character. G. F.. 2, Elm Terrace. Elm Road, Kingston-on-Thames. GARDENER (Head). — X"bENTLEMAN wishes to recommend his Head Gard-ner to any one lequiring a thoroughly trustworthy man. Well up in all branches. Leaving for no fault.— CHARLES LISTER, Esq , Agden Hal', L\ mm, Che<.hire, .AKDENER (Head).— Age 42. married; thoroughly practical iu all branches nf Gardening. Tea years' g icd character (r m last pbce— an exii-nsive one ; and four years' from a previous large place as Head Gardener, — S. C, 23, Ge-.T^e .Sticet, Leammeton C^AkDENER (HEAD).-Age 27; can be V-* well recommended ; fourleeQ years' experience in Nur- sery and private places : two and a half years in present situation.— GEO. BRADDY, Buckhuist Park, btmninghill, Berks. ARDENER (Head); age 28.— C. Sand- FORu, Walcombe Paik, Torquay, can wiih confidence recommend his Fortman, Henry Wuod, to any Lady or Gentle- man requiring a thoroughly practical and competent man in all branches, having been under him four and a half years. — Address as above. GARDENER (Head) ; age 35, married. — j£5 Bonus will be given to any person tjeing the means of securing Advertiser a desirable af p -intment as above. Highest reference to present emjloyer. and ex'-ellcnt testimonials from former employers. — V. W, P., Jasmine Cottage, Abbots Langley, Watford, Herts. GARDENER (Head) ; age 31.— E. SiMP- SON, Head Gardener lo Lord Wroliei.Iey, Wrotiesley, Wolverhampton, can with confidence recommend his General Foicman, W. Holdcrofi, lo any Lady, Noblcinan, or Oentleman, as a competent, trustworthy man in the general routine of gar- dening. I hree yeirs in present situation. ARDENER (Head). — Age 35, married; thoroughly practical in alt branches oi ihe prules_-ion. Fifteen years Head Gaidener in large establishments; six and a half years in present situation. Highly recommended by present and previous exployers. — W. T. PALMER, Kiolct Hall, Bewdley, Salop. ARDENER (Head). — Age 30, single; thoroughly competent lo undertake the charge of any Lady's or Gentleman's Giidcn in all its requirements. Over four years Head Gatdei.er at HazUwood Lastte, and leaving thiough a reduction in th:: estab ishmcnt. Has had cansideiablc ekpe- rience at ^ome of the leading places in KngUnd. Also has a fair knowledge of Furtsiry. — A. B , Bramham Park, Tadcasier, York>hire. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37, married, no family ; thuioughly pr^iciicaliii every brai>cb. Leaving through de:ith. Hxcelient character. — GEO. MOKRISS. Elmwocd, Bridgewater. C:j.ARDENER (Head VVorking).— Age 40. •^ three children (yuucgest, five' years old). Twenty years' experience. — WM.CLaRKE, (late) P. Cazenove, Esq.,Clapham C' mmon, S. W, ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36, married ; successf.il Cultivator of Orchids, Siove and Greenhouse Plants, choice Fruit, Vegeiaoles, &c Well recommended.— GARDENER, War Coppice, Whitebiil, Elctchtngley, Surrey. GARDENER (He.ad Working).— Age 48, married, one daunhier (age 13) ; we I up in the cultiva- tion of Flowers aud Fruit under Glass, also K'tchen Gardening, &c. Five and a half years' character. Employer leaviig, — Itdstone Hall, Henley ia Arden. C' ^RDENER (Head Working).— Age 29 ; ^ fourtten years' practical expeiiencc in all branches, in- c uding Orchids. Can be well recommended by present tmpIo>er. Total abstainer. — C. SHORT, West Tarring, \N orihiiig, Sussex. ARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept. — Age 32, manico; thuioughly practical wiih Grapes, Peaches, McIji.s, Cticumbcrs. &c., Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower ana Kitchen Gardening. — J. G., 15, Amies Street, Latchmere Road, Lavender Hid, S. ^V. GARDENER (Head Working), where several aie kept. — Age 30, marriea ; has had eighteen years' experience in all branches ol Gaid.:iiii'g six and a half years wilh piesent empl's* expererience.— OLIVER WILlETT, Gunibley. Market Harbor ARDENER ; age 36— A GENTLEMAN V-^ dcsirei lo recoiuinena his G.»ries, Cliurch Koad, Teddington. GARDENER (Under).— Age 22^ four years' experience indoors and Out. Abstainer. — A, BIRCH, K.neswood House, bhortlands, Bromley, Kent. (^AKDENER (UNDER).— Eight years' V-^ experience in Flower and Kitchen Gardeuing. Two and a half years in last situation. Character indisputable. — F. BELFIELD. 23. Oakley Road, Bromley Common, Kent. GARDENER (UNDER), where three or more are kept. — Age 20 : has been seven years in his preseH placi.and wulbe very highly recommended.-A. HEM MINGS, Pi:cott's End, Hemel Hempstead. G' ARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; under- ' stands both Flower and Kitchen Garden, with a know- ledge of the Houses.— J. H. COLEMaN, Pouiton Priory, Fair- ford, Gloucestershite. ARDENER (UNDER).-Age 2i, married when suited ; abstainer. Six years' good experience in large gardens. Good references. — W. F., 24, King's College Road, South Hampsiead. N.W. /^ARDENER(UNDER),or JOURNEYMAN, VJ where four or more are kept.— Age 23 ; hve years' general experience, and of good character.— JOSEPH WEBB, The Gardens. Combe Bank, Sundridge. Sevenoaks, Kent, GARDENER (UNDER), or IMPROVER, in a large Garden or Nurserv.- Age 19; two and a half years' good character.— A. J. ROWLINSoN, near Station, Great Shelford, Cambridge. 'P'OREMAN; age 27.— Mr. Stagg, Gardener J- to p. ka^-son. Esq., Woodhurst, Crawley. Sussex, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, who has lived with him six years, to any one requiring a thoroughly trustworthy, energetic man. Eleven years' experience. "POREMAN; agea;.— J. Wiggins, Gardener J- to O Von Der Meden, Esq., Coventry Hall, Slreatham, bun-ey, will b« pleased to recommend G. Hawltes, who has been with hira five years, to any one requiring a steady per- severmg man. Ten years' experience. "POREMAN ; age 26.— Mr. Francis, A Gardener to R. G. Allen, Esq., Rosemont. Aigburth. near Liverpool, canhighly recommend W. Davis asa thoroughly trustworthy and energetic man as above. Eleven years' expenence m good esublishments. FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24, single ; two years in last place as Foreman. Can have good references. — A. W.. n. Bell Street, Henley-on-Thames. C^OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 25; nine -■- years' practical experience in all departments, two years in present situation. Excellent character.— W. HARDING, Penton Lodge, Andover, Hants. FOREMAN, Pleasure Grounds, in a good establishment. — Age 25 ; has a good knowledge of Her- baceous and Alpine Pl.mls. First-class rtcommciidations.— J t*., Houghton House. High Road. Tottenham. Mudlesex. ij^OREMAN, in the Houses.— Eight years' experience. Good character from present and previous employeri as to ability. &c.— C. BRINKLOW, The Gardens, "lempleton Rofhampton. Suney. L^UREMAN, in the Houses. — Good practical -L experience in all branches. Two years' good character from present plac^.— D. F.. bir H. Bessemer 's, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, S.E. FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age 26 ; can be highly recommended from last and previous place: good experience in all branches; two and four years' good character. Total abstainer. — W. TUCK, 2, Martin's Koad. ShortlanHs, near Bromley. Kent. L[iOREMAN.— Age 27 ; eight years' experi- J- ence, lour years in l^Jant and Fiuit Houses at Lockerby Hall. Can be welt recommended by present and previous employers for sobriety and ability.— WILLIAM DOWLING, Lockerby Hall, near Romsey, Hants. f "FOREMAN, in a Gentleman's establishmentj tr H E AD where three or four are kept. — Age 28, single ; sixteen years' experience. Understands Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Pines, and Tabltf Decoration, and the general rouune ol Gardening. Good character from past and last situation. Late Foreman at Nostell Piiory. — VV. GREAbLEV, 14, Graham Street, Radford Boule- vard, Radford, Nottingham. L^^OREMAN, or good Single-Handed. -L —Age 24, single ; two years in last place. Charge of Glass. Good character frtm last and previous employers. — II, Bell Street, Henley-onThames- rpOREMAN, or Second, in a private estab- ■L liahment. — Age 26, single ; good experience in all branches. Good character and references.— GARDENER, Old Angel Cafe, Basingstoke, Hams. To Nurseymen. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR of Indoor Plants.- Age 22 ; eight years' experience,— T, M. C, 0, Milton Villas. Talbot Road, Twickenham. ]VrURSEl;ei d were sp'ennid •My y^iir WEBBS' SHOW PANSY, Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 23. 6(1. Post free. From Mr. F. Heath, Cf. to I.H. Kishipof Liclfi:ld.— " Voar Show Patisie'i are excellent. " WEBBS' BRILLIANT PETUNIA. P-r Packer, Is. 6d. and2s. 6d. Rnst-free. Frntn Mr, S. MoRTON Oivs- ton — " Voiir Hnlbaiil Petunia is really b-amifu." ^VEBBS• SUPERB CINERARIA. Is. 6d., 23. 6d., and 53 per packet. Fiom Mr. Chas. Clark, Gardener to W. Bickford ?!Tiith, Est.. Trerar/io *' I have some firf.i-.ate Cineranai— the largest blooms I ever saw." \ WEBBS^ HIGH-CLASS 7 WEBBS' NEW VICTORIA ASTER. 6 Distinct Colours, separate 12 ristinot Colours, separate Uixed Colours 2a. Od. 3a. 6d. Is. Od. From Miss Rhes, The Frank'ands, Sutton. " The Victoria Asters raised from your leed were truly supffb ; ihey wee most beautifully formed. The Ten-week Slocks weie equ tlly beauli'ul." WEBBS' KINVER COLLECTIONSofFLOWER SEEDS. HARDY ANNUALS. s. d. 50 varieties, Post-free . . to o 36 76 25 ., M ..50 w ,, ,, ..36 HALF-HARDY ANNOALS i. d. 51 varieties, Post-free .. la 6 ^6 ,, ,, .. 10 6 2i „ ,. ..76 12 ,, ,, ..40 BIENNIALS . 67 and 68, Cheapside, EC, on TUESDAY NEXT, March t?, at half-^jast 12 o'clock precisely, fine masses cf the White L/EHA ANCEP3 and ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEX- ANDRjli.of the best type, in splendid condition; TRICHO- PILIA SU.WIS, CHY.-'IS AUREA, MASDEVALLIA HaKRYANA, M. CHIM/ERA, M. KACEMOSA CROSSI, llL SHUTTLEWORTHI ; ONCIDIUM KRAMERI; established ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI and O. ALEXANDRA : a few established ORCHIDS, including a large plant of Lffilia anceps with over 100 Bulb;, Terrestrial OKCHIDS, and fine Bulbs of the tare PLAGIOLIRION HORSMANNI, and CALLIPSYCHE AURANTIACA. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Clapham Common, S.W. ORCHIDS and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Wood- hnd:. Nightingale Lane. Clapham Common, S.W. , five minutes' walk from Wandsworth Common Station, London, Briehton, and houih Coast Railway, on WEDNESDAY, March 18. at 1 o'clock precisely, by order of F. Williams, Esq. (the freehold estate having been sold for building), a smill but well-grown colleciion of Established liKCHIDS, the whole of the choice STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS-Crotons, Euchaiis. Oranee Trees, Camellias and Azaleas, including several extra fine plants : Palms. Ferns, &c. Also the GAR- DEN UTKNSILS. MOWING-MACHINE, GARDEN FRAMES. VASES, GARDEN SEATS, 100 Iron HURDLES, and nunrerous effects. On view day prior and morning of Sale. Catalogues had of the Gaidener. on the Premises; or of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, EC. Wednesday Next. LILIUM AURATUM, ROSES. PLANTS, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SE LL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 18, at half past 12 o'Clock precisely, 6000 unusually fine and sound Bulbs nf LILIUM AURATUM, and 30 varieties of IRIS KyEMPFERI, just received from Japan in fine con- dition ; toco Standard, Hall-standard, and Dwarf ROSES of the best sorts, from an English Nursery; English-grown CAMELLIAS. PALMS, ARUMS. GARDENIAS, RHODO- DENDRONS, PINKS, &c.; African TUBEROSES. 30C0 Berlin Crown LILY of the VALLEY, an assortment of Hardy English-grown LI LIES and BULBS, GLADIOLI. DAHLIAS, BEGONIAS. GLOXINIAS, &c. Go view morning ol Sale, and Catalogues had. ■Wednesday Next.— To the Trade. 600) LILIUM AURATUM. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sile Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside. E.G., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, .6ioo exceedingly fine BULBS just received from Japrn. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next VERY VALUABLE IMPORTATIONS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C.on FRIDAY NEXT, March 20, at half-past rs o'clock precisely, a grard importation ot CATTLEYA MOSSIj^, and the beautiful VANDA SANDERIANA. AERIDES LAW. RENCEjEand A. LEEANA, PHAIVENOPSIS SPECIES; a splendid lot of MEXICAN ORCHIDS, and other ORCHIDS of value. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Important Unreserved Sale of the Sugnall Hall COLLECTION of ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are favoured with instructions from Waller Williams, Esq , to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Auction Rooms. 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.G., on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, March 24 and 75, at half-past 12 o'CIoclc pre- cisely each day, this VALUABLE COLLECnON. which has been got together with great care duiing the last dozen years from the oldest established colleciions in the country, including types not latterly imported, embracing a large number of speci- men Caitleyas, the whole in robust health, including : — Cattleya Mossia:, beautiTul > Cattleya Triana: alba old type ; six grand ,, Wallisi specimens : ,, gigas „ Warneri I ,, Mendelii „ Warscewiczi delicata - ,, Eldorado f» superba [ing) 1 ,, Skinneri „ labiata (autumn-flower- ' Also Tricbocentrum albo-purpureum, Angra:cum eburneum, Sobralia macrantha, Epidendrum prismatocarpum, Oncidtum myanthes barbatum, Oncidium ampliatum majus, several Odontoglosiums, Dendrobtums, Oncidiums, &c. The whole of the Collection will be Sold, and no plants will be disposed of prior to the Auction. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. Orchids m Flower.— Special Sale. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg to announce that their next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS, in Flower and in Bud, will take place on TUESDAY, March $[, and they will be glad to receive notice of entries as early as possible. Stoke Park. Slough. STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, ORCHIDS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premii^es, as above, without the least reserve, on MONDAY and TUES- DAY, March i6 and 17, at half-paj=t 12 o'Clock precisely each day, the COLLECTION of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS formed by E. J. Coleman, Esq , comprising fine Standard, Half-Standard, and Pyramid Azaleas, Camellias, Orange Trees, Eucharis, Crotons, Drarasnas, Greenhouse Rhododendrons, &c. ; also the OKCHIDS. including many specimen plants of Dendrobium nobile, Caitleyas, Lselias, Odonto§lossums, Phaljcnopsis, Ccclogynes, and other species ; a quanlity of Callas, Fuchsias, Primulas, Pelargoniums, Bou- vaidias, Strawberry Plants, &c. Od view Saturday prior and mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had on the Premises, or of Mr. J. C, STEVENS, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Wednesaay Next.— (Sale No. 6875.) SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER. MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION at hi.s Great Rooms, 39, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 18, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a choice and extensive collec- tion of ORCHIDS in FLOWER, comprising fine plants of Dendrobium Schroderi, D. Ainsworthii, D. nobile, with over 7C0 flowers ; Odontoglossum Alexandra:, many fine )o m^ ; O. Pescatorei, including a grand spotted variety ; O. Edwardi, O. Andersonianum, several hybrid Odontoglot-^, Philsnopsis Stuartiana, and P, Sanderiaua, Masdevallia Roezlii and M. ChiraEcra, Cymbidmm eburneum Dayii, Coelogyne criilata, with 45 spikes ; 24 fine plants of Calanthe Regnieri, and a great vaiieiy of other g lod things ; also about iod lots of ESTAB- LISHED ORCHID S from a well-known private collection. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next —(Sale No. 6874 ) MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 18. at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a consignment of choice named INDIAN AZALEAS, Hybrid RHODODENDRONS, PALMS, AZALEA MOLLIS, and other PLANTS from Ghent ; 1000 first-class Standard and Dwarf ROSES, from well- known French and English growers ; FRUIT TREES, PLANTS and BULBS from Germany, CARNATIONS and other BORDB.R PLANTS, a choice collection of Home-grown LILIES, together with many other HARDY BULBS and ROOTS. On view morning of Sale, and C'atalogues had. Thursday Next.-(Saie No. 6876.) 50^0 LILIUM AURATUM from Japan. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, March 19, an importation of 5000 LILIUM AURATUM, ju,t received from Japan in the finest possible condition. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next —(Sale No. 6876.) L/ELIA ANCEPS SCHRODERIANA, new pure white L^LIA ANCEPS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURS- DAY NEXT, Ma^ch 19. at half-past 12 o'Cl.-ck precisely, a small but especially fine importation oT LvKLIA ANCEPS SCHRODERIANA, Rchb. t., stveral great masses being amongst them. This is undoubtedly the finest white variety ever ofTered The whole flower is very large and pure white, and entirely distinct from any of the white forms ; the throat striped crimson, and the lip extra broad and square, and an inch across or even more. Mr. Edward Klaboch who has collected every plant in flower, states that this variety is particularly rare, and thai the flowers are of great substance, far surpassing any- thmg he has seen. He considers it the finest white La;'ia anceps ever introduced, Lsetia anceps Schrodeiiana is described by Prof. Reichenbach as foUuws : — "' There are before me twenty-seven brilliant dried lips, and a dried flower. The colours are pure-t white, the disc between lateral lacinia: is orange, and the projecting keels run- ning in the base of mid-lacinia are even deeper orange ; there are three to five crimson-purple longitudinal and several forked lines radiating outwards. So much for the colour. The com- plete flower would appear to surpass the dimensions of Lxlia anceps Dawsoni. The petals seen are remarkably broad. The great merit of this plant consists in the lip, which is broad, with short, nearly rectangular, blunt side-laciniae. The mid-lacinia is very broad, blunt, emarginate, and this lip is quite novel 10 me. The result of the description would he that the value of this remarkable white fljwer is admirably enhanced by the beauty of the great square and fl.^t lip. This very ornamental Orchid bears filly the name of one of our most excellent orchidists, Baron Schroder, and it gives me great pleasure to attach the Baron's name to such a glorious Laslia." It is one of the most recent and most brilliant Introductions of Mr. F. Sander. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had, Thursday Next.-{Sale No, 6S76 ) L>ELIA ANCEPS STELLA-new White ANCEPS. MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38, Kings Street, Covent GarHen, W.C. by order of Mr, F. Sander, on THURS- DAY NEXT, March 19, at half-past 12 o'Clock piecisely. an importation of L.^LIA ANCEPS STELLA (new White Anceps). Prof. Reichenbach writes : — "The flowers are of the greatest of the tribe, stellate, pure white. The lip's side-lacinise are remarkably curved and broad in tront, the long mid-lacinia: is narrow at the base, dilatate, and marginate in front, disc of lip and base of mid-lacinise orange, very numerous nerves, both radiating outside as longitudinal ones, with a deep point of rich scarlet-purple that nearly forms a dark blotch each side in front. This is the great mark of distinction of Lxlia anceps vestalis, it might be called Dawsoni or Sanderiana, but the anterior taciniec is half yellow, and white in front. It is decidedly a very brilliant flower, and the importation is in Mr. F. Sander's h.inds.'' The importation is in grand order, and enormous masses are among them. At the same time will be sold a fine lot of ODONTOGLOS- SUM ALEXANDRA, and many other ODONTOGLOTS and ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Cattleya Lawrenceana, Rchh. f.uew species. A distinct and beautiful new CATTLEYA from the Roraima. MR. J. C STEVENS, will SELL by AUC- TION, at his Great Rooms, 33, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURSDAY, March 26, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, the entire importa- tion of this most superb CATTLEYA. The consignment, brought home under the personal care of ihe Collector, is in exceptional order, and it has not been our fortune before to offer a finer, more compact, and altogether satisfactory lot of plants; and we do not hesitate to say that we have never seen such splendid sound pieces — they are well shaped, leaves fresh and green, and eyes perfectly dormant, and are the result of two years* diligent search. Cattleya Lawrenceana belongs to the very finest of the genus, the colour of the large flnwer is deep, rich, and warm ; the lip is flat and large, the lower half intensely daik and brilliant, throat yellow and often finely veined red. There are no poor or light coloured varieties among them, and although this Cattleya varies in the markings of the inner tip, all are superb. It is a free- growing, free flowering species, the flower-spikes on plants show up to fifteen flowers ; habit of plant is most compact, bulbs thick and varying in size from 6 to 15 inches. The leaves are in some varieties reddish in colour, in others green, and from 6 to 9 inches long. On view mottuog of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6876.) ORCHIDS from the Roraima, MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., by order of Mr. F. Sander. 00 THURSDAY NEXT, March iq. at hall-past 12 o'Clock pre- cisely, a fine imporiation of Roraima ORCHIDS, just brought home in superb condition by Mr. E. Seidl, and consisting of a fine batch of the lovely white and black Oncidium nigratum ; also Cypripedium Lmdleyanum, and the beautiful Zygopetalum Burkei (Firsi-class Certificate, November. 1881) ; a fine Scuii- caria, and a Zygopetalum like rostratum in growth. &c ; also a splendid batch of Cattleya Mossise. early flowering variety — this species is of upright stiflT growth, and a plant of it will be sold in flower: the specimens are very superb, thoroughly well gr.-iwn, and with plenty of sheaths and buds ; also many other ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. ' Wood Green. FOR IMMEDIATE SALE, at a low price, the LEASE of the LORDSHIP NURSERY, which comprises about au Acre of Land. Brick-built Residence and Stables, eleven Greenhouses, all healed by hoi water and io capital working order. Apply to PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheap- side, London. E.C '•pO BE DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE -L and REIAIL SEED BUSINESS. A splendid goiog concern. One of Ihe finest in existence, doing a large and profitable trade. An unusual opportuniiy. Apply (by letter only) to Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, 67 and f8, Cheapside, London, E.C. T^ FLORISTS.— Capital BUSINESS, with large connection ; excellent Premises in main street, and fully slocked Nursery Grounds (nine Houses and 170 Piu, all heated with hot-water), for SALE, price ;£iioo. Apply, personally, to Messrs. E. PENNINGTON and CO. » Estate Agents, Richmond. Surrey, 37 miles from London. and within easy distance of two important Towns. To CUT FLOWER and FRUIT GROWERS and FLORISTS. 'TlO BE LET, on LEASE, a compact and -*- well-established NURSERY comprising 5 Acres of Land, 7 well-built GREENHOUSESfuUySiocked.oetached Cottage, and Sheds. Lease igj^ years. Rent only ;t5o. Price for St 3ck, including three Houses full of Roses, and Lease, only ;£ ISO- Apply to PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68 Cheap- side, London, EC. Essex. Half an hour's ride from London, in an important Market Town. TO BE LET, on LEASE, a compact NURSERY, with several Greenhouses, Seed Shop, and Dwelling-house. No Stock to take to. A capital opening for an enterprising man. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. To Florists, Market Gardeners and Otbers. Hf^ O L E T, at Fulham, S.W., li Acre of X GARDEN GROUND with Ten Glass-houses suitable for the Business of a Fljrist or Seedsman. For particulars apply to Messrs ROSE and JOHNSON, 26, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W., Solicitors. TO LET, from March 25 next, THE NURSERIKS, Mill Hill, near Hendon, Middlesex, late in the occupation of Mr. James Wright. There is a fair amount of Stoclc, &c., which would be offered on easy terms to a respectable Tenant. There is a cottage and about 5 Acres of Land. Application for terms, &c., to be made to C. DRUMMOND, Estate Agent, Hertford. Herts. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul- tural MARKETGARDKNand EST ATE AUCTIONEERS and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., and at Leytou- stone, K. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. THARPHAM, Practical Rock Builder • and General Horticultural Decorator (for many years leading hand with Dick Radclyffe & Co.. London), 107. Church Street, Edgware Road, London. W. To Lauded Proprietors, fee. AMcINTYRE (late of Victoria Park) is • now at liberty to undertake the FORMATION antl PLANTING of NEW GARDEN and PARK GROUNDS and REMODELLING existing GARDENS. Plans prepared. 115, Listria Park, Stamford Hill, N. KENNARD'S Horticultural SuNnRiES. Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Pottery Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisite. Swan Place. Old Kent Road, SE. Established 1854. JOHN f-^ SuNnRi TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND LOBELIA "Emperor William" (from cuttings), bushy plants. 2j. 6(/. per 100, or 20J. per loco, carriage paid for cash with order from The PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Gravcsend. New Single Violet, "Wellslana." CHARLES TURNER is now distributing the above fine VIOLET; it is of The Ciar type, but with flowers an inch in diameter, of a deep purple colour, of perfect form, and delicious perfume. The blooms are produced in great abundance, on stout footstalks, well above the foliage. Received First-class Certificate from the Royal Horiicultutal Society and Manche.'iter, March, tSSf. See opinions of the Horticultural Press. Price i8r per do/en. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. New Kidney Potato. BIRD'S DOCTOR BOB. — This is the earliest Kidney variety in existence ; a very heavy cropper, as many as sixty tubers of all si^cs have been counted at a root. It is a seedling from Early King. After a trial of several years it has never taken disease. Eyes very shallow ; a good cooker, and fine flavour. 5;. per stone. JAMES BIRD, Americaa Nurieries, Dowoham Market. March 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 331 Forcing Asparagus. RAND G. NEAL beg to ofier the above • by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans- planted last spriuK). Samples with Piice on application. Also beg to call theattention of Nurserymen. Builders, and others to their extepilonally l\ne stock ol FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S. VV. Kew Plants Sent Out by EP Y N A E R T, Ghent. • DAHLIAS, Prof. Burvenich. 31. 6a'. DIANVHUS. President Greig, 3s. M. PENTSTEMON. lol. atp. var., y. (,d. BKGONIA ULBIA, 2s. bJ. AZALEA INDICA, Chr. Pynaert, ^s. 6J. Coloured Plates aud Descriptions will be sent free on appIi<:ation. ARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and PINKS. — Having a large stock of strong, fioely rooted plants of the above, we bee to offer them at the following low prices : — Choice Show CARNATIONS and PICO TEES, to name, our selection, 12s. per dozen pairs; purchaser's selection, ijj. to i8x ditto. PINKS, Show varieties, our selection, 45, td. to 6s. per doien pairs. Old Crimson CLOVES (True), 3^. per dozen. Mixed CARNATIONS, for borders, ^s. per dozen. PYRE- THRUMS, choice Double varieties, 3;, per dozen. Carriage and package free for cash with oider. ISAAC BRUNNING and CO.. Great Yarmouth Nurseries. rnJlNEA BOX of SPECIALTIES. — VT We again offer a choice Collection ol CARNATIONS and other POPULAR PLANTS, package and carriage free, for One Guinea, consisting of Six Pairs each choice Show Car- nations, Picotee, and Pinks to name ; twelve t(ue old Ciimson Cloves, twelve border Carnations, twelve Pyrethrums, double, named ; twelve Show and Fancy Dahlias (dry roots). Half the above, in. ISAAC BRUNNING and CO., Great Yarmouth Nurseries. SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist and Sbblsman, Prospect House. Helper, Deibyshire. begs to inform the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle that he is pre- pared to execute orders for the following plants, all of which have been grown on the Deibyshire hills, and are very hardy and strong stocky plants, and sure to succeed well. They are of the very finest strains that money can buy. They are carnage free for cash with order. Descriptive CATALOGUE of Florists' Flowers free. Established 26 years. PANSIES a SPECIALTY. — Probably the best collection in England. The cream only of the most noted raisers. The latest new sorts, and the winners at all the great shows. Good plants correctly named, Show or Fancy, 12 for IS. ; 25 for ^s 6d ; too varieties for 2ci Postal Orders. EAUTIFUL WHITE POLYANTHUS. Strong Plants, full of Bloom-buds, 12 for is. 6d.y B 8 for I CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES. —Yellow, Pink, Scarlet, Dark Red. Pure White. Sic, beamifully .':triped, Spotted, and Selfs, 12 named varieties, all slronR layers, for 41, CANTERBURY BELLS.-Unrivalled Col- V^ lection, grand new Colours, Double and Single Tele- scopiS, Candelabra, and other new forms, 12 for is.; 12 extra strong for is. €d. Postal Orders. CARNATIONS and ^PICOTEES. — The new French Perpetua', a really grand new strain, most beautiful colours, twelve varieties, strong plants, to bloom well, for 3S., 6 for is. 2d. ; 12 exua strong for 2J. 6d. AURIC ULAS (Alpines). — Fine large -*^i- Trusses and Blooms, most beautiful colours, strong Plants, to bloom well, 12 for ar. ; 12 extra stronK for 3J. Postal Orders. AURICULAS. — The old-fashioned Single Yellow. Most delicicusly scented. Soon bloom. 12 strong plants for 7s 6J.. 6 for is. 6a. pOLYANTHUS.— The finest strain grown ; J- fine lar^e Trusses and Blooms, and splendid Colours- 12 for ij-., 25 for IS. d Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, one stamp, W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe, Kent. ILBERT'S UNIVERSAL SAVOY and CHOU DE BURGHLEV.— " The Times of Horti- culture " siys : — " Universal Savoy proved to be of excellent qualitv, and tbe great public show their appreciation of same by ordering 400 packet*. \^<^t week." GILBERTS CHOUDE BURGHLEV.-The ^iw^ again says :— " Mr. Gilbert is to be congralulited on such a st crime novelty, and the great publ c show their appreciation of same by daily ordering it." Free bv post. UNIVERSAL SAVOY, 2^. 6d. per packet ; CHOU DE BURGHLEY, is. 6d. per packet. Trade supplied. Special Cheap Offer. RAND A. MORRISON, The Nurseries, • Elgin, beg to offer ; — ABIES DOUGLASIl, 2-yr., 15^,; 2-yr.. i-yr , 351.; 6 to 9 inches, 60s.; 9 to 15 inches, 75^. per 1000. ACACIA THORN, i-yr, 2s. 6d. per 1000. ALDER, i-yr, 31 ; ij^ to 2 feet, ns. 6d. per icoo. BRIER, Dcg, I-yr., y. 6d. per 1000. ,, Sweet, I-yr., 35 6j. per loo^. HORNBEAM, 2-yr., 7J. 6<^. per looo. LARCH, I-yr., 2^., £6 loj. per 100,000; 18 to 24 inches, 22 J 6d ; 2 to 3 !4 feet, ; 5^. per 1030. ASH. Mountain. 3 to 4 feet, 15J. per icoo. PINUS LARICIO. I-yr., is. 2d. per 1000. ,, MARITIMA, i-yi., 3s. per 1000 ; i-yr., i-yr., 5^. per 100c. ., MONTANA, 12 to i8 inches, izs. 6d. per ico^. FIR, Scotch, true native, i-yr. , 2s per 1000. jCj xos. per ioD,ODO ; 2-yr., 2s. per 1000, £7 10s. per 100 oao ; g to 15 inches, 9,v. per looo; 12 to 18 inches, 10s. 6d, per I030. SERVICE TREE, i-yr.. 7s. 6d.\ 4 to 5 feet, 15J. per iodo. SYCAMORE, I-yr., 21. 6den PEACHES, NECTARINES, and APRI- COTS, a few hundreds. Thousands of olher Ihings on offer. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. Farm Seeds delivered Carriage Free Purity 6^ Germination of Seeds Guaranteed. BIDDLES & CO. THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE, Supply 3000 varieties of FLOWER SEEDS, in P.ickets, at One Penny each, including the choicest sorts, viz. ;— Asters, Balsams, Calceolarias, Cyclamens, Pansie?, Petunias, Phlox Urummondi, Primulas, Salvias, Stocks, Verbenas, &c. All seeds being of the best quality in small quantities, the packets must be regarded as tconomical, not cheap. We recommend our various collections of twelve varieties for xs. All kinds of VEGETABLE SEEDS, of best quality, by weight, and also in Penny Packets. Send for CATALOGUE, gratis (500 Illustrations). Save expense and buy a large selection in small packets. 50,000 GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS to be sold off at 55. per 100— grand bulbs. CARNATIONS. Strong Seedlings, from a splendid collection of choice named flowers. All to bloom this year. Per dozen, 2.r. dd.; per loo, 15^. DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. LAING'S BEGONIA TUBERS. All Good Tubers, just starting into Growth. Free by Parcels' Post. CATALOGUES Gratis. Our own Unrivalled Varieties. Named Sorts, per dozen. Singles:— A, ^1s. : B, 36s. , C, 30J. ; D, 241.: E, 185. : F, 125. Named Sorts, per dozen. Doubles :— R, 635. ; S, 48^.; T, 42J. Unnamed Sjrts, per dozen. Singles :— G, au. ; H, i8j. : J., 15s. ; K, I2S. ; L, 91. For Bedding, per 100: — M, 401. ; N., 3or. : O. 7iS. Unnamed Sorts, per dozen. Doubles :— W, 80s. ; X, 24J. ; Z, i!s. LAING AND CO., Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E. WILLIAM AITKEN & SONS, Norplaln Nursery, Lenzie, N.B , Beg to intimate that they will be most glad to send their Descriptive CATALOGUE (Post free on apniication) of CAR- NATIONS, PICOTEES, PINKS. PAN.S1ES. DAHLIAS, PYRETHRUMS, PEN l.STEMONS, S:c. Also ORNAMENTAL TREtS and SHRUBS, ROSES, &c. SEEDS.-SEEDS.-SEEDS. CHARLES TURNER'S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of New and Select Varieties of every Class of Seeds for the Garden, is now ready. THE ROYAL NURSERIES, SLOUGH. CALADIUMS. SUPERB COLLECTION. Fine bulbs. Post free, 12 dis- tinct and beautiful varieties, 65. and tzs.', 12 choice and rare Taiieties, 21J. ; 12 new and golden-leaved varieties, 42s.; 50, choice collection, 50 varieties, 63s. ACHIMENES. — la distinct varieties, is. 6d.; 12 do , 3 corms of each 41.; 12 do , 6 corms of each, yj ; 12 for exhibition, 12 cormsof each, 15J. ; 100 corms in 50 varietits, 21J.; loocormsin 35 varieties. 155. GESNERAS. — 12 varieties, 51. GLOXINIA. — 12 strong bulbs, 6s,; 12 rare and beautiful, Bcleaed for exhibition, 10s. (id. and 21s. BEGONIAS.— Strong bulbs, beautiful collection, 21J. ; la unnamed, from choice strain, 6s., pact in habi^, head fiim and pure white, and well protected by the foliage. It stands dry weather betfer than any other variety. Mr, Gilbert says it turned out the best ofalTh.^ grew last season. Mr. E, Strhhen^on, Thorganby Hall, says:— "Your 'President' Cauliflower is not only the earliest but the most useful I have ever grown ; we can plant it 3 or 4 inches closer than any other variety. The heads are very white and compact. I have grown it ever since it came out : I recommend it to all my friends," Post-free on receipt of postal order or stamps for ij. 60*, WILLIAM £. MARTIN, £eed Merchant, Hull. CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require description. Price 6j. per bushel (ir. extra per bushel for package), or td. per cake; free by Parcels Post, i*. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON (Limited), Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Higbgate Nurseries. N. many thousands. ANTHONY WATERER Invites attention to the following LIST of well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY STOCK:— HOLLI ES. Common Green, 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, .8 lo'^ ,, laurifolia, ditto. [lofccthiph. „ Hodgin.-', 3..«. 5to8fe«. ,, mynifolia, ditto. „ Scotlica, 3 to 8 feet. „ Yellow-berried, altaclarense and others. , Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5,6, 8 to toft./ „ Waterei's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, 8 to 13 feel in circumference. , , , , „ Golden Queen, 3, 4, s. 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds o( beautilul specimens. ... -r , „ Parry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful heads, ten to fideen years' growih, hundreds. „ new Golden Weeping, a large number of veiy beautiful plants. BOX. Green and Variegated. 3, 4, 5, 6to jfeel. ir.any ihousar ds. YEWS, Common, 3 4, 5, 6 to 10 lett, thousand*. Golden, ol all sizes up to iQ feet. We have many thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point of variety and size unequalled. , liish c to 10 feet, hundreds. ^thousands. CUPRtSSUS ERECTA VIKIDIS, 3, 4, 5. 6 '» 8 leet, , Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and s feel, hundreds of beautiful specimens. , , j THUIOPSIS DOLABRAT.\ 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds. RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3. 4. 5, '1 7, 8, to 10 feet. The plants are covered with buds. AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known, a, 3. 4. »nd 5 feet high, thousands. JUNIPERS, Chinese, 7. 8. and 10 feet high. .. Chinese Golden. 3 to 6 feet. lUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA GLAUCA, 3 to 5 feel. ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 leet, hundreds. , DOUGI.ASII, 3 to 5 feet, ihousaiids ,, .. Gl-AUCA, a to 4 leet, hundreds. ORIEN TAl-lS, 4. s. 6 10 *o '^•^'i hundreds. ,! HOOKERIANA, 3t0 5feel, ^ , . PARKYANA GLAUCA. \% to a feet, hundreds. Pi'cEA CONCOLDR, a to 4 leet, hundreds. ,, GRANDIS, 5 to 7fect. „ LASIDCARI'A, 3 to s feet, hundreds. MAGNIFICA. a to 3 feet, hundteds. NOBILIS. 1^ t03 led, thousands. ,,' NORDMANNIANA, 6. 7, to lofeet. ,, PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. PUNGENS, iH to 2 h-et, thousands. Pi'nUS CEM BRA. 6 to 8 leet. CEDRUS DEOUARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds. , LI BAN I (Ccd.ar of Lebanon), 3 to s feet. THUIA OCCIDKNTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. THUIOPSIS BOREALIS, 3 to s feet, hundreds. RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 310 6 feet, hundreds. , PISIFERA AUREA (true). 3 to 6 feet. , PLUMOSA AUKEA, 3 to 5 feet. Knap HIU Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey. March 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 333 H Plants In Flower and Bud. UGH LOW AND CO. offer of fine quality : — AZALEA INDICA, double while. \s. 6J. and ji. SJ. each. „ ,, in variety, ij. 6*/,, zs., 2S. dd., p. 6d., 51. each. CRASSULA JASMINEA, white, deliciously lr.i"grant, ij. 6E PAQUERETTE. white. 9,/.. rr. each. Clapton Nursery, London, E. Rbododendrons.— Rhododendrons. JOHN STANDISH and CO. have to offer *^„„"'My thousands fine bushy Plants of PONTICUM RHODODENDRONS, exceedinj-ly well Rrown and well- rooted, from I to 2 14 feel in heifiht, suitable for covert planting, 9 to 12 inches, at 3of. per 100 : 1210 15 inches, 421. per 100; '^.Vi,^* inches, 55f. per 100 ; 24 to 30 inches, 75^. per 100. HYBRID PONTICUM RHODODENDKONS, s to 2ji fe«'. £s per 100. Choice named varieties, i}4 to 2 feet, wim flower-buds, 271. per dozen, j^io per 100, Royal Nurseries, Ascot. IVrOBLESSE and other" ^PE AC hIeS, -'-'I ELRUGEand other NECTARINES, in Dwarf.lrained trees; MUSSEL and COMMON PLUiM STOCKS, ttimmed ready for quartering. WILL TAYLER, Osboni Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. 'T'HORNQUICKSr very fine, clean grown, -»- 4-yr. transplanted, lis. pet icoo ; s-yr.. 235. per 1000. W. JAtKiON, Blakedown, Kidderminster. I N E S. ^V~i" N E S. — 'V I N E S. STRONG FRUITING CANES, 4.. 6J. each. STRONG PLANTING CANES, 31. each. All the best varieties in cultivation. CALDWELL and SONS, The Nurseries, Knutsford, Chester. THOMAS HEWITT and CO., SoHhull— Celebrated strain of Tuberous-rooted BEGONIAS. First Prizes and Certificates at many of the leading shows, 1884. Prices : Dry Roots, singles, from 3J. per dozen. Seed, in Sealecl Packets ; choice mixed, singles, is. and ax. 6ii. per packet ; ditto, double, 2x. 6ti. and 3s. 6d. per packet. (^Fd r u s deodar a.— ^^ Just arrived, guaranteed perfectly fresh seed. Price according to quantity on application to HY. CLARKE and i>ONS, Wholesale Seed Merchants, 39. King Street. Coveot Garden. W.C. T30SES. — The finest Show and Decorative J-^ varieties, strong; robust, hardily grown plants, from Ss. per dozen, 351. per 100 and upwards. Standards, from i2f. per dozen, qos. per ico and upwards. Many thousands to select from. JAMES DICKSON & SONS. " Newton" Nurseries. Chester. PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS. -^ —Fine Dwarf Maidens, 3^^. and 40J. per iod : GRAPE VINES, 3IJ. and 43J per doien ; strong SEAKALE, 4^. per 100, 35.r. per loro ; Dwarf ROSES, 20f. per 100. Terms monthly. WILLTAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton. Middlesex. "l^OTICE to STRAWBERRY GROWERS. -^7 . —100,000 well-rooted Runners for Sale, of the following varieties :— President, Sir Joseph Paxton, Elton Pine, Princess Alice Maud. Price on application to JAMES GUYTON, Strawberry Grower, Belton, Great Yarmouth. ■pASPBERRY CANES (Semper Fidelis).— ^ ^ For Sale, a quantity of the above favourite Cane, strong and well rooted, for price, &c. , apply to GEORGE MAY, Greys Farm, St. Paul's Cray. Kent. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, CLOVES, PINKS,PANSIES, in the very best varieties, strong, vigorous plants. Special Trade Quotations SAMUEL HARTLEV, Headingley Nursery, Leeds. AMARYLLIS (SPREKELIA) GLAUCA. E. H. Krelage & Son, FLORISTS, NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, AND HAARLEM, HOLLAND, Have an extra large stock of this splendid bulbous plant, in very large bulbs, ready for sale iust Srini.n Uh^/^""""' of the well-known Jacobean Lily (Amaryllis formosissima), and has a similar brilliant red flower, which, however, is larger and less dark. It flowers easily and early, and the foliage usually is developed at the same time as the flowers. It can be cultivated in pots in the greenhouse or room, or in glasses, like Hyacinths. When planted in the open ground in spring, it must be taken up belore winter and kept dry and warm during its rest In more temperate climates it can remain in the open ground during winter. We offer large flowering bulbs, delivered free to all the principal towns of Great Britain and Ireland, no charge fcr package : 25 bulbs, 7e. 6d. ; 50 bulbs, 12s. 6d. ; 100 bulbs, 20s.; 250 bulbs, 453., 500 bulbs, 80s. ; 1000 bulbs, 150s. Discount to the Trade. Please send with Orders remittance in Post-bills or Cheques. CATTLE YA LAWRENCE AN A (Rchb. f. New Species.) A DISTINCT and BEAUTIFUL NEW CATTLEYA, from THE RORAIMA. TV/TR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great -l-VX Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURSDAY, March 26, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. The entire Importation of this most superb Cattleya. The consignment, brought home under the personal care of the Collector, is in exceptional order and It has not been our fortune before to offer a finer, more compact, and altogether satisfactory lot of plants, and we do not hesitate to say that we have never seen such splendid sound pieces. They are well shaped, leaves fresh and green, and eyes perfectly dormant, and are the result of two years' diligent search. Cattleya Lawrenceana belongs to the very finest of the genus ■ the colour of the large flower is deep, rich, and warm ; the lip is flat and large, the lower half intensely dark and brilliant ; throat yellow, and often finely veined red. There are no poor or light-coloured varieties among them, and although this Cattleya varies in the markings of the inner lip all are superb. It is a free-growing, free-flowering species, the flower-spikes on plants show up to' fifteen flowers. Habit of plant is most compact, bulbs thick and varying in size from 6 to 1 5 inches The leaves are in some varieties reddish in colour, in others green, and from 6 to 9 inches long. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. j AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. Orchids a Specialty. The stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate cooceptioa of us unprecedented extent. HUGH LOW & CO. very cordially and respectfully solicit an inspection by all lovers of this interesting and beautiful class of plants, whether purchasers or not. CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E. New Pea.— SHARPE'S TRIUMPH. Triumph is the very last of Mr. Culverwell's Peas, and IS the best of the many fine varieties he has Eiven to Ihe Public. It is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow Pea, of exquisite flavour ; the pods are large, very much curved, and are well filled with large Peas closely packed in the pod. The habit is good, being dense and bushy, attainine a height of 2 to 3 feet. The plant is covered with pods from the ground to the e.\treme top of the haulm. On one plant no less than sixty-nine pods have been counted, containing from nine to eleven Peas in a pod. The pods are of a bright green, in clusters of two or three ; and are not easily affected by drought, remainine green for a long time. In constitution it is robust and hardy ; and, without hesitation, we can say that it is the perfection of Peas for either the Market Gardener or the Private Grower, lor exhibiuon, or for ordinary use. Price, 28. 6d. per }-pint Sealed Packet. Trade price on application. CHARLES SHARPE & CO. SLEAFORD. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES and ROSES. A large and select stock is now offered for sale. The lUustratid and Discriptivc CA TALOGUE o/FR UITS past-free. The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & S O N, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. WILD FLOWERS NORTH AMERICA. Orchids, Ferns, Lilies, Aquatics, Alpine and Sub-Alpine Plants. , ^OtMllcal and Common names given. Send for CATA- '^^'^- EDWARD GILLETT, Southwick, Mass., U.S.A. CANNELL'S CHRYSATfTHEMim A T the present moment we have unquestion- ■i- i- ably much the finest and largest lot of cold-frame properly struck plants in «-inch pots ever seen. These, together with the cultural and other instructions in our Catalogue, even the novice could hardly faU to experience great results : certainly the plants we now offer are as near perfection as they can well be. and ready to go straight away for the first prize. 6s. per dozen Our new and most correct book of the whole family is now ready, and sent free to customers. No previous work or CaU. logue bears any comparison. It is replete with every informa- tion, and every class defined and illustrated. A perfect speci- men plant, and the new and proper mode of setting-up the cut flowers for exhibition fully explained and illustrated. How to grow and dwarf plants. How to arrange petals in blooms, showing clearly the varieties sent out under false names, and the correct with synonyms. All the best new varieties direct from J^P^- The new Scarlet Crimson, best (or all purposes. The two Champions. The new Incurved, and others. The first 5>how, and the kinds exhibited. How to strike Cuttings A wonderful Exhibition. How Chrysanthemum Books and Cata- ^ogues are made. How to reduce the number of varieties. A Chrysanthemum Show and Garden Party in the Imperial Palace Oardens. Japan : some of the specimens displaying 430 fully developed blooms. Our country-grown Plants and Cuttings ■ and a vast amount of invaluable information— in fact, every par- ticular required to bring them to perfection. BEUABEABLE PLANT. T EONOTIS LEONURUS (Lion's Tail). -*-' —This lovely flowering plant, if treated exactly like a Chrysanthemum, produces abundance of orange-coloured flowers all the autumn ; a strikm gresemblance to a lion's tail Post- free, 8d, per 100. ERICAS in variety, 201 per 100. LAVENDER, fine bui^hy stuff", 3J. per dozen, 151. per 100. PERIWINKLE, loi. per 100. Thouiands of other things too nunteroui for an advertise- rnent are on offer^ and inquiries or a visit ivill he found very advantageous. Book to Siumlngdale Station S.W. RalL No reasonable offer refused ; or quotations will be given. 12 Abutilons. 12 sorts, 35. 12 Achimenes, 12 sorts,zi. (>d. 12 Begonias, Tuberous, i? sorts, 6f. 13 „ Ornamental, 12 sorts, AS. 6 „ Evergreen, 6 sorts, sr. 12 Bouvardias. 12 sorts. +s. 12 Caladiums, 12 sort?, hs. 12 Camellias, la sorts, 24.^. 12 Chrysanthemums of any or all classes, Large Flowered, Pompor>, Anemone, or Japanese, 2J. td. 50 ,, ,, lOX. 100 „ ,, i8j. 12 Coleus, 12 sorts, 31. 12 Ferns, 12 sorts, 91. 12 Fuchsias, 12 sons, -^s. 25 >. 25 sorts, 51, (id, 50 „ 50 sorts 12J. td. 100 ,, i8f. 12 Geraniums ol any or all classes, Zonals for pots cr bees. Ivy-leaf, Doubles, &c., 3 J. , , 50 „ all classes, a lovely seltciion, i2i. (id. 12 Gloxinias, 12 sorts, ds. 13 Greenhouse Plants, 12 sorts, 91. 12 Heliotrope, 12 sorts. 2i,orf. 12 Lantanas, 12 sorts, 2f. 6d. 12 Liliums, 6 sorts, 12s. 12 Palms, 6 sorts, i8j. 12 Pelargoniums, Show, French, Fancy, &c., gs. 12 Roses, 151. 12 Salvias, 2s. 6d. iz Stove Plants, Flowering, gj. 12 ,, .. Foliage, g^- 12 Tiopseolums, 21. 6a'. 12 Tree Carnation*, gJ. 12 Verbenas. 25. (>d. W. CLIBRAN AND SON'S NEW CATALOGUE (free for two stamps) of Hardy Plants and Florists' Flowers for out- doors, is a list of the finest Colleciions in the Country of Low Priced Plants, and includes cnly varieties which are annually tested and compared to ensure the weeding out of all interior plants. The following cheap Collections are of our selection only, all named sorts (or Garden or Exhibition :— 12 each of ANTIRRHINUMS, PENTSTEMONS. PHLOXES, for 9J., or 12 of any separate for 31. 6d. 12 PYRETHRUMS. 5^ ; 12 POTENTILLAS,5^- I »2 DEL- PHINIUMS, 75. 6d. 12 PEONIES, gs. ; or 12 of each. 27s. 6d. nrxTi^c ,2 CARNATIONS, fs. ; 12 PICOTEES. 6s. : 12 PINKS. 3J. 6d. : 12 Show or Fancy PANSIES, 3^. ; or 12 of each for 175. 6d. , ,. r> 12 DAHLIAS ot any class, Show, Fancy, Bedding, Bouquet, or Single, 3s.; 50 varieties. '2i. 6d. ; 100 vaiieties. 25^- 12 lovely IRIS, 35. : 12 beautiful MIMULUS, 31. 12 lovely PRIMROSES, Double, 6s. ; 12 SAXIFRAGAS, or 12 SEDUMS, zs. 12 Sweet VIOLETS, 2s. 6d. ; 12 VIOLAS, 25. 6d. ; or 100 in four colours. 12J. 12 beautiful Seedling HOLLYHOCKS, 4X., 50 for i7S. 6rf., 100 for ai.r. 12 beautiful PRIMULAS SIEBOLDII, 12 sorts, 65. 40 Acres fine NURSERY STOCK. 5 „ HERBACEOUS PLANTS. 2 .. GLASS HOUSES. ^ ^ j The Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham, Cheshire, and the Seed and Bulb and Cut Flower Depot, 12. Maiket Street, Manchester. S U R P L US 8T0 C K. ROSES. Standard and Dwarf Hybrid Perpetuals, Bourbons, Tea-scented, &c., in upwards of 200 varieties, all fine plants, to be sold at very low prices. Special quotations will be given and CATALOGUE sent on application. Cranston's Nursery & Seed Co. (LIMITED), KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD. N. B -All the best of the NEW CONTINENTAL and ENG- LISH KOSES will be reatiy in Strong PLinls early in April. NOVELTIES CHARIiES NOBLE, Bagshot. GLOXINIA GESNERIOIDES, LAVATERA ARBOREA VARIEGATA, /<^ IMPATIENS SULTANI/^<^^ Gai^I^Of] Woi^KS,FALKIRK,N.B. B^v.d §owan,^I^nager^ 336 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 14. 1885. xN LILIUM AURATUM.— Special Offer.— Another large consignment just to hand Splendid firm sound BULBS, 6 to S and 8 to lo inches in circumlerence, 28J. and 35.. per too. ^s. and 65. per dozen Cheapest for quality evertJTered. Samples twelve stamps. Please order quickly. Messrs. MORLlS and CO., i and 2, and i6iA. i enchurch Street, E.G. . EED POTATOS.— Special Offer.— Old Ash- leaf, 7S. ; Myati'sand Rivtrs' ditto, 51.; White Elephant, is ; Early Kose. 51.; Magnum Bonum, 4!.; Beauty of Hebron, bs ; Reading Hero, 51. per bushel. Less quantities, 3^. p:r peck more : bags 3^. each. All true and free on Rail. MORLE AND CO., Child's Hill Farm, N.W. ; small quantities at, and letters to be addressed, I and 2, Fenchurch Street, E.G. . ^W EARLY POTATO. — WHITE _ - BEAUTY of HEBRON —A white-skinned selection from Beauty of Hebron, the finest of all the early American sort'. The selection is very early, of large size, and a great producer : quality excellent for early or late eating. Is being largely grown for marke'. 2 lb., is. \ 6 lb., 41., by Parcels Po.t ; 14 lb.. f'S. 6^i- : £t per bushel. T. LAXTuN, Seed Grower, Bedford. PALMS.— Specially hardy grown, for Cool Greenhouses and Dwelling-houses. Latanta borbonica and Seaforthia elegans, splendidly foliaged. it inches high, 12s. per dozen : sample plants, 15. j,d. Same kinds, 12 inches high, 255. per TOO : sample 12 for 4r. All packages and parcels post fiee. Postal orders to GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill. London, N. LILIES of the VALLEY.— Crowns from which blooms have been cut, but not been forced in bottom-heat, for planting out to obtain stock. This is the best and cheapest way to get a stock. Many thousands for disposal, the true large flowering Berlin variety, at 10s. per 1000. Prices for crowns for forcing or planting out on application. T. JANNOCH. 'Ihe Lily Nursery, Dersingham, Norfolk. SPARAGUS.— True Giant, aT 3, and 4-yr. Fine sample ico or ico?, with price, on application. JAMES BIRD. Nurseryman, Downham. GRAPE VINES, Strong Fruiting and Plant- ing Canes; also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Ricnmocd, Surrey. HEATHS a SPECIALTY. — The finest Collection of HEATHS, AZALKAS ard HAKD- WOODED STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS genei- ally in the country. An inspeciion soliciicd T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, KinEston-on-Th->mes EW TOMATO. — LAXTON'S OPEN AIR.— The beit for outdoor cultivation. A hardy disease-iesisting variety, which ripens very early, does ni^t crack, and is a free and contii:U3us bearer. Fruit large, very hand- some, smooth, and of a brilliant vermilion scarlet colour, flavour excellent, i^ealed rackets, is. bd. T. LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bed'ord. A I N G'S BEGONIA SEED.— GOLD MEDAL STRAIN.from our Prize Plants. Sealed packets. CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, u. and 2S. 6rf. per packet ; 55. exira lar^e packets. Double varieties, 2j. (id. and 5J. per packet. COLLECTIONS, 12 named varie- ties, separate, 7^. €d. ; ditto, 6 named varieiie«, separate, i,s. LAING AND CO., Seedsmen, Forest Hill, S.E. Tuberous Begonias. ROWEN offers his magnificent strain, the • result of many years' selection and hybridising. Tubers selected when in bloom. In colours or mixed, single, 3^. td, to 10s. M. per dozen; double (warranted double) 51. to 21J. per dozen. Seed, u. td. and is 6d. single, as. 6d and 5J, double. See BEGONIA LIST for opinions of Horticultural Press, on application— one stamp. The Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead. The Cheapest Offer of ROSES and ASPARAGUS in the World. — Dwarf Roses, 22J. per 100, 50 for it^. Asparagus, Connover's Colossal, 2-yr., los. per lox), 61. per 500 ; 3-yr.. 151. per 1000, 8j. per 500; 4-yr., extra, zcj. per 1000, 11s. per 500. All extra fine plants ; the best m^ney can procure. Packing free. Cash with order. R. LOCKE, Rose Bank, Fair Seat, Sevenoaks, Kent. Seed Fotatos. HAND F. SHARPE offer the following • varieties of SEED POTATOS, of the finest quaUty, and at very reasonable prices ; Sandringham Kidney Hammersmith Kidney Veitch's Improved Ashleaf Rivers' Royal Ashleaf Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf Early Rose Extra Early Vermont Pnde of Ontario Pride of America Reading Hero Magnum Bonum Scotch C^hampion Covent Garden Perfection Schoolmaster White Elephant Climax Bresee's Prolific Saowflake And other choice varieties. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. SPECIAL NOTICE B. S. Williams Begs to invite all who are interested in Horticulture to an inspection of his large COLLECTION OF CYCLAMENS, ORCHIDS, CAMELLIAS, &c. which are now in full bloom, and well woilhy a visit. TO THE TRADE ONLY.— Select stocks of James* Intermediate, Scarlet, and AltrinGham CARROT, Mammoth Lone Ked MANGKL WURZEL, Defiance Purple-iop SWEDE, lianeho'me Purple-top SWEDE, White Globe TURNIP, &r. Lowest price, staling requirements. W. W. JOHNSON AND SON, Seed Growers, Boston. CABBAGE PLANTS 1-CABBAGE PI,\NTS ! — Extra fine stock and well-rooted plants of the following : — Early Enfield Market, Battersea, East Ham, Kainham, and Nonpareil ; the above, y. per 1000. Red Drum- head (true), 55. per 1000. Brown Cos, Hardy Green Cos, and Grand Admiral LETTUCE, 5^^. per loao. Cash or reference must accompany all orders from unknown correspondents. W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, Guildford. Hyacinth Flowers. DRIEHUIZEN BROTHERS, FLORISTS, Lisse, near Haarlem, Holland, will send loo live cut HYACINTH FLOWERS, large, various colours, for 8s. No charge for packing. Letters prepaid. THE FINE COLLECTION OF AMARYLLIS AND IMANT0PHYLLUM3 ;s is now showing many hundretls of spilies, an<3 there will be a grand display course of a few days. A large House over TO feet long Is entirely devoted to their cultivation. In these Nurseries is now showing many hundreds of spilies, and there will be a grand display ol bloom in the course of a few days. VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. Barities Rarities Barities Barities Rarities Rarities Barities Rarities Barities Barities Eari'ies Rarities Rarities Barities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Ririties Barities Barities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities TO LOVERS OF HORTICULTURE IN SEARCH OF NEW and RARE PLANTS. OUR SEED CATALOGUE OF "Floral Gems" Embraces a L'st of Species nol to be foutui olTcred in any other Engthh Seed Catalogue ; and must certainly prove of mncti interest to all admirers of lovely, sweet-scented, and uncommon blosm-. In it are olTered Seeds of— RARE AND BEAUTIFUL AOUATICS, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL ANNCTALS, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL BIENNIALS, RARE AND BEAUTIFUL CACTEiE, BARE AND BEAUTIFUL GRASSES, BARE AND BEAUTIFUL PERENNIALS. A copy of which will be forwarded, prati! and post-free, 071 application. VICCARS COLLYER & CO., Importers of New and Rare Plants, Seeds, &c., CENTRAL HALL, LEICESTER, (where all Letters are to be addressed.) and CENTRAL NURSERIES, GLENFIELD, near LEICESTER. A. W. CREWS, Manager. Rarities Rarities Rarities Barities Barities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Raiilies Rarities Rarities Rarities Ba' ities Rarities Rarities Barities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Rarities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Rarities Rarities Barities RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. (ESTABLISHED 1804.) FOREST TREES of Perfect Quality and Moderate Puce. ROSES (20 acres) ^''^''S.\':;TZr-'- STANDARDS. 155. per dozen. 105J, per ico. PackinE and Carriage Free (or Cash with Order. rnlllTO t1 A »^M»»\ Best varieties of every form rnUllo 1/4 aC feS ) and kind of tree at low prices. SHRUBS, &c. (91 acres) l^^'iVri T RE ES. FLOWERING PLANTS (8i. per dozen, 50J. per 100), FOREST TREES. Three Acres of Glass for Stove and Greenhouse Plants. FAMOUS PLANTING AND FORCING ASPARAGUS AND SEAKALE, forCONSF.R. V A TORY, ROSES IN POTS (80,000) FORCING, &c., ISJ. to 36J. per dozen. ALPINE and Herbaceous Plants, 41. per dozen, 25J. per 100 (R. S. & Co.'s Selection). STRAWBERRIES forcing, i6j. toav'pe'r'-'S.' \/IMCC THOUSANDS of GRAND CANES, V I IN Lo V- M. to \os. bd. each. PI CR/IATIC WHITE toDARK PURPLE, SINGLE ULLIVIn I lo and DOUBLE, tu. to 34]. per dozen. VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS, containing an immense amount of useful information, free on application. March 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 337 yyEBBS' LAWN GRASSSEEDS KAFIDLT ESTABLISH THE BEST AND MOST ENDURING TENNIS LAWNS. CROQUET GROUNDS. BOWLING GREENS. GRIGKET GROUNDS. Best Mixtures, Is. Sd. per pound, 24s. per bush. Ordinary „ Is. Od. „ 203. WEBBS' superb NEW PRIMULAS From Mr. A. Smith, Gardener to theV ^T^^x^kA^ Archdeacon Holbech, Fambirrou^k, March ii, 1884. "Your Primula Purity is the best that I have grown. The flowers are large and of great substance. It is a great acquisition, the dark foliage and pure white flowers being so distinct." Webbs' Purity 2a. 6d.-j Per Webbs' Scarlet Emperor .. ..2s. 6d. ' Packet, Webbs* Rosy Mom 28. 6d. i" Post Webbs' Exquisite Mixed Coloura la. 6d. Free. WEBBS' SPRING CATALOGUE, Beautifully Illustrated, Post-free, ij. WEBBS' SELECT LIST, Gratis and Post-free. THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE. Special Warrant to H.R H. tlie Prince of Wales SUTTON'S PRIZE LAWN GRASS SEEDS, AWARDED The Diplomed'Honneur, Amsterdam, 1883 The Special Gold Medal, Melbourne, 1880 SUTTON'S EVERGREEN MIXTURES, SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR Garden Lawns, Tennis Lawns, Cricket Grounds. PRICES:- Sutton's Mixture for Garden) Per bushel, 25s. Od Lawns and Croquet Grouuds i ,, gallon, 3a. 3d. Sutton's Mixture for Tennis) Per bushel, 22s. 6d. Lawns and Bowling Greens ) „ gallon, 3s. Od. Sutton's Mixture for Cricket) Per bushel, 22s. 6d. Grounds i ,, galloo, as. Od. SS' Sow^ bii^IuU per acre iofornt Nf-w Lawns, or i bushtl Per acre to improve an existing iward. " Your new plot of Grass is perfection itself. I don't think I have ever seen better." — J. C. Fox, Esq., Royal Horti- cultural Society. South Kensington, " The new Lawn made with Messrs. Sutton s Grass Seeds has been a wonderful success. Every one who sees it is astonished to find that it was only sown last May." — Mrs. Cresswkll, Morney Cross. " Your Grass Seeds have quite surpassed anything ever seen about here before. My employer desired me to ex- press his pleasure in playing on such a close sward of sown grass." — Mr. J. McIntosh, Gardener toW. Lowson, Esq., Taymount. ' ' I have a wonderfully good Tennis Lawn from the seed supplied by you last season, Alt houeh only sown the second week in May, the lawn was actually played upon the first week in August."— T. W. Foreshew, Esq., Witney. SUTTON'S PAMPHLET ON THE F0B3SIATI0N AND IMPROVEMENT OF LAWNS FROM SEED May be had. Gratis and Post-free, on application. &Uftrru/o ont> Seedsmen by Royal Warrant to H.M. tlie Queen, and also the First Seedsmen by Special Warrant to H.R H. me Prince of Wales READING. THE SATURDAY, MARCH 14, 1885. SHERIFFMUIR. MR. STIRLING, of Kippenross, is the owner of SherifTmuir, the scene of the only battle of the Rebellion of 171 5. In Mr. Hunter's book on Perthshire, he mentions Sheriffmuir in writing of Kippendavie, a much older property than the one just named, which is a comparatively recent acquisition, dating from the last century. But the present mansion house of the Stirlings stands on the land last acquired, and the Stirlings of this place are known now as of Kippenross. They are a branch of the Stirlings of Keir, a place which once attracted public notice when Sir William Stirling-Maxwell received a visit from Lord Beaconsfield, who planted a tree in the grounds. A curious collection of appro- priate mottoes is displayed at Keir, where you may read such legends as " Gang forward," the family motto ; and on the clock tower, " Tak tent of time ere time be tint," " It is later with the wise than he's aware," " Hours are Time's darts, and one comes winged with death." Sheriffmuir is still a bleak, black, and exten- sive waste, though its area has been diminished, a former laird of Kippendavie having planted part of it with mixed Fir, Scotch, Spruce, and Larch, now sixty years old — the trees on the best land having reached the size of 50 feet or 60 feet high and 3 feet in girth at 5 feet from the ground. In this part of the planta- tion the ground is thickly covered with a layer of decayed Fir leaves, in which the usual grasses of such sites grow freely, the soil below being very much ameliorated by the increase of the vegetable matter which is now accumulating, and is destined to enrich the land for any crop that may be sown in it after the removal of the trees. Where the soil hap- pens to be poorer the trees are small and stunted and covered with lichens, and the fall of the leaf has not proved sufficient to crowd out the natural growth of Heather and coarse grass that still covers the surface in this part of the wood, as it does that of the moor outside. It is satisfactory to find trees growing on the former battlefields of Scotland, and to know that the very sites of battles, such as Sheriff- muir and CuUoden, have been covered with profitable and ornamental timber. Sheriffmuir Wood sufTered much from the storms of a few years since, that of December, 1879, having overturned 80,000 of its trees. I had almost omitted to mention the " Gathering Stone of the Clans," which lies within the wood on the highest ground of what was once the moor. A stout iron grating surrounds the stones, of which there are now three, the one original stone having been broken into three pieces. An inscription on the grating runs :— "The gathering stone of the Highland army on the day of the memorable battle of Sheriff- muir, fought in November, 171 5. This grating has been created to preserve the stone, by John Stirling, Esq., of Kippendavie, principal heritor of the parish of Dunblane : November, 1840." 338 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. t^tARCH 14, 1SS5. I must not conclude this short notice of Sheriffmuir, and the property to which it is attached, without describing the "Big Tree of Kippenross," a Sycamore 440 years old, which at its prime contained S75 cubic feet of timber, and which measured 100 feet in height and 1 9 feet in the circumference of the trunk. It has now become a wreck from old age. If space permitted the measurements of many other noble trees might be given. I walked 3 miles from the ancient town of Dunblane to pay a visit to the well-known moor without being aware of the near neighbourhood of so many fine trees, of such a venerable Sycamore, and of that delightful walk by the river side known in song as the " Banks of Allan Water." H.E. CATTLEYA LAWRENCEANA, n. sp. At last we have a Cattleya, bearing Sir Trevor's excellent name. Of course it ought to be an extra good plant, and so it is. My knowledge of the novelty is based on the flowers, which have been dried with extraordinary skill, even the colours being neatly preserved. Then I have before me two plants and several cut bulbs, which illustrate once more the variability of these organs. One before me is a little, plump, short thing, m. o. i high to 0.025, with a short broad leaf scarcely much longer, 0.06 broad. The longest bulb before me is m. 2 high by 0.025 in diameter. The plants may have been grown exposed to the sun, as they have a reddish hue on the bulbs and on some leaves, the longest of which is 0.22 long by 0.05 wide. The trans-section of the bulbs is nearly tetragonal, and there are four furrows each side. Those bulbs remind one a little of Cattleya Mossise. The rhizome is of extraordinary strength. The sheath of the flower-stalk is singularly long, o. 16 long by 0.015 wide — measured in the withered state. Now come the flowers, the grand things. The peduncle is very strong, 023 long, of purple colour. I have the scars of seven flowers on one, and I learn there is evidence of the possession of fourteen flowers, which is very promising. The flowers are as large as those of a very good Trianse. Sepals uncom- monly broad. Petals much broader, usually blunt. There are some flowers with broader petals, and those will, no doubt, be received with uncommon favour. The lip is quite novel in its shape for the labiata group. It is pandurate eraarginate, rather broader in front than at the base. If you like to see its out- line well represented, take Botanical Register, 1847, plate 42, Callleya bulbosa. This outline makes me record it as a new species, not one of the endless varieties of Cattleya labiata scnsii atnplisissimo. The column is singularly small, but it may have lost a good deal by being dried. And now the colours. The flower is of a fine purple-lilac. The whole anterior part of the lip is of the darkest, warmest purple. You might nearly compare this part to the end of the tail of a heath- cock. The side wings of the superior part are purple, the centre light yellow. I think dried flowers and plants will give evidence of the accuracy of my description. It would be super- fluous to lose many woid-i in recommendation of this unexpected novelty. I will only say that I regard it a very good fortune to inscribe such a plant to such an orchidist as is Sir Trevor, and that I think the Cattleya Lawrenceana will rank, when established, under the finest Orchids imported by Mr. F. Sander. H. G, Rchli. f. [This, as we believe, quite new Cattleya was discovered on Roraima, the mountain in British Guiana recently ascended for the first time by our correspondent, Mr. Im Thurn, .-.nd sent home by Mr. Seidl. The flower is so well dried, and the bulbs are so healthy, that good materials exist lor a woodcut, which we hope to issue very shortly. Eu ] GARDEN PALMS. {(Continued /ro7n p. 748, vol. xxH.') Catohlasiiis, Wendland. — The two or three species of which this genus is composed were ori{;inally included in Iriartea, now limited to about five species, the remainder being now separated under Socratea and the above. C. prsmorsus is included by Seemann among the cultivated Palms of 1S56, but it does not appear to have become established in any English garden, though there is a fine specimen of it in the Botanical gardens at Berlin. No other species has yet been introduced, though seeds of C. pubescens were sent to Kew by Messrs. H. Low & Co. in l&8r, none of which germinated. C. proemorsus is repre- sented at Kew by only small specimens. There is a close resemblance between this genus and Iriartea in characters of habit and foliage, so that it is difficult to distinguish them when young. Catoblastus has a tall, erect, columnar stem, unarmed, remotely annuiated, and the base surrounded with, sometimes raised upon, stout roots. The leaves are arranged in a somewhat close head and are unequally pinnate, the segments being trapeziform, cuneate at the base, and divided at the apex into numerous teeth or lobes. The shining deep green of the foliage, and the cylindrical, rather stout, petiole, give these plants a fresh and distinct appearance. They are found in the humid forests of Tropical South America. Young plants are orna- mental, and are easily kept in good health by grow- ing them in a moist shaded stove, bright sunlight being somewhat harmful to them. They require an abundance of water always. The seeds are almost round, as large as a Chestnut (C, pubescens), and are less firm and bony in texture than most Palms, being more like that of the Catechu-nut ; they are covered with a crisp papery pericarp. I have not seen the seedling characters of this genus. C. privmorsiis^ Wendl. — Venezuela. Ceratolohiis^ Blume. — A small genus of Calameoe, represented in gardens by only one species, always, however, in a small state. Like their allies the Calami, this cultivated species and the only other one are climbing in habit, with spiny stems and leafstalks, but with no spines upon the leaf-segments. The slender stems grow to a height of about 30 feet, are covered with broad spines an inch long, and bear all along their upper portions rather long (7 feet) pinnate leaves, the segments of which are alternate or opposite in pairs, are smooth and green above and glaucous below ; they are about 9 inches long by 3 inches broad, tapering to each end, the upper end being interrupted and jagged (crenate-erose). The rachis is triangular, green, and is clothed on the underside with stout hooked spines. The fruit is a Plum-shaped berry, \\ inch long, and is covered with ciliated brown scales enclosing the seed, which is smooth, and of the size and shape of a robin's egg. Young plants of the cultivated species are handsome stove plants, quite different in appearance from other Palms. The genus is limited to the islands of Java and Sumatra. C. j:^iaucesccns^ Bl. — Java. Ccroxylon, Humb. and Bonpl. — A genus of two species only, according to the Genera Plantarum^ one of which is generally cultivated in gardens for its beauty and grandeur of form. Seemann included both species under Iriartea, and also a third plant, known in gardens asC. ferrugineum. (See Gardeners'" Chronicle^ vol. i., n.s., p. 507). I am unable to find the plant to which this name belonged, though there can be no doubt of its not being a true Ceroxylon. Another garden plant, sometimes known as C. niveum, is pro- perly referred to Diplothemium caudescens. The Ceroxylons or Wax Palms form tall (190 ft.), stout, annuiated stems, which are coated over with a waxy substance; the leaves are clustered together in a dense head, and are from 15 to 20 feet long,equally pinnate, the pinnx being arranged in a flat feather-like series on each side of the rachis, and at right angles with it; they are long, ensiform, rigid, the bases recurved, the tips pointed, and they are dark green abnve, glaucous beneath. The petiole is very short and broadened into a large clasping sheath. The seeds are as large as Hazelnuts, round, hard, and bony, and are enclosed in a soft crumbling pale brown outer cover- ing, and an inner one of a hard, crisp texture, and dark brown. Seedling leaves simple and ensiform. There is a fine specimen, though as yet stemless, of C andicola, in the Palm-house at Kew. The wax which coats the stem of this species forms an impor- tant arlicle of commerce, being used, mixed with tallow, for making candles. ** To obtain the wax the tree must be felled, each tree yielding about 25 lb." (Purdie). Specimens of the wax, candles, &c., with portions of the trunk bearing wax are exhibited in the museums at Kew. As a garden Palm this species is most suitable, as it is a free grower and soon assumes an ornamental character, whilst when large the specimen at Kew shnws how strikingly beautiful this Palm becomes. Seeds of it are fre- quently imported, and germinate freely in a warm moist house, a similar house being required for the plants. C. andicola, H. and B. (Iriartea andicola, Sp. ; I. Klopstockia, Ilort. ; Klopstockla cerifera, Karst. ; Beelhovenia cerifera, Engel.), lUust, Hort., 3 ser., t. 157. — New Grenada and Venezuela. {To be continued.) THE DISCOVERY OF APOSPORY IN FERNS. As sundry paragraphs relating to the above have recently appeared which are not altogether correct in their details it may perhaps be of interest to your readers to have the facts at first hand. In your issue of December 22, 1SS3, under the heading of " Proliferous Athyria," I gave an account of the dis- covery of proliferation upon several varieties of Athyria in the shape of bulbils upon the upper surface of the fronds of precisely similar nature to those pro- duced upon Asplenia and other families, and bulbils of a different character which were developed upon the backs of the fronds in the place of sori, a form of proliferation which has not been remarked in con- nection with any other Fern than four forms of Athyria, all natives of Britain and all of the plumose character. In the same article and in conjunction with the above-cited discoveries, I men- tioned some exceedingly curious growths which had been remarked by Mr. G. B. Wollaston upon an Athyrium in his possession (A. F.-f. clarissima), and which were thought to be bulbils also. Upon exami- nation, however, I came to the conclusion that they were of a different nature, since no definite axis of growth was apparent, and instead of the scales common to bulbils proper, there was in all cases an indusium, which led me to the belief that they were abnormal sporoid bodies and not bulbils capable of producing plants by direct bud growth. To test this point I laid down, in November, 18S3, sundry pinnae of the plant in question and carefully observed and recorded their development through the winter, with the result that in 1SS4 I reported to the Linn^an Society that plants had been raised from the said excrescences through prothalli into which they had developed while still attached to the pinn.'e, the said prothalli being formed by the dilatation, bifurca- tion and extension of the tips of the pseudobulbils and bearing in the normal manner archegonia and antheridia, by the inter-action of which the plants had been formed. The fact being altogether newand so far unconfirmed I was requested to continue my investigations, and if possible bring forward more evidence in the follow- ing autumn. Accordingly, in November, 1SS4, I laid before the Linn.'ean Society a number of plants, and, what was more to the point, pinna; of the parents, showing such a manifestly abnormal state of the pscudo-sori that my report was accepted as correct. Professor Thiselton Dyer thereupon was provided with material for that deeper microscopic research which the subject merited, and Mr. F. O. Bower of the Jodrell Laboratory, Kew, was deputed to pursue the investigation an fonJ, The result was that on December 1 8 he confirmed the discovery in every respect, and gave the term apospory to the absolutely new phenomenon of reproduction, the existence of which was thus established, viz., the pro- duction of a Fern from prothalli, which were not developed through the mediation of a spore, but by direct growth from the parent Fern. It will thus be seen that Athyrium Filix-fa'mina clarissima has the proud privilege of being the first of the Filices to bear, if not flowers, at any rate their hcmologues, the alternation of generation being suppressed. This discovery led to another very shortly after- wards, for Mr. G. B. Wollaston found the same phenomenon of apospory upon a Polystichum (P. ang. var. pulcherrimum Padley) in his possession,but de- veloped in a still more extr.aordinary and unpar.alleled fashion, viz., by the production of prothalli by the direct uninterrupted extension of the points of the March 14, iSsj.J THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 339 pinnules, such prolhalli being provided wiih anlhe- ridia and archegonia. This case, as I have indicated, is so much stranger than that of A. F.-f. clarissma as to eclipse it quile, the prolhalli not even being connected locally with the sorus. An interesting fact in connection with these two Ferns is, that both are wild finds, discovered in North Devon, and both were given to Mr. Wollaston by Colonel Jones, of Clifton. I may add, that Mr. Bower's investigations showed that Ihe prolhalli in A. F.-f. clarissima were de- veloped from the stalks of the sporangia, that portion containing the archespore, which by fusion would form the spores, being previously aborted. C/:as. T. Druery, MUSTARD. Probably but few are aware of the extent to which Mustard is cultivated in this country for economic purposes. The great Mustard growing districts o( England are Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire, York- shire, Essex, and Kent, on account of the adaptability of the soil. It is computed that the average growth of Mustard in Lincolnshire is from 5000 to 6000 acres annually. Some persons grow from 50 to 150 acres each of the white and brown Mustard, many grow less. Taking the average of the acreage of Mustard in the counties named above, the quantities of white and brown are pretty nearly equal. The black-brown or red Mustard, as it is variously termed, is Sioapis nigra, and grows wild in many parts of the country in cornfields and waysides. The white Mustard, of which large quantities are grown in gardens for salad purposes, is S. alba, a native of the South of Europe, but now naturalised in this country. There are decided specific differences between the two. The Charlock or wild Mustard (S. arvensis) is well known as a great plague in cornfields, with its numerous large and brilliant yellow flowers. The seed of Charlock is a limited article of commerce in this country ; when it is reaped with Wheat the seeds are separated in the process of preparation. The best soil to grow good crops of Mustard is a deep rich one, resting on a clay subsoil ; a soil im- pregnated with saline substances appears to produce good crops. A new soil formed out of reclaimed marsh- land suits the brown Mustard well, and brings a bolder, fatter meal than does the old soil. The rich- est feeding bullock land, that is, land that will fatten bullocks without resorting to artificial food, will grow more seed, a crop freer from weeds, and of better quality than land frequently cultivated. A crop of Mustard may be grown on such land three and four years in succession, and it generally proves very remu- nerative, returning from £20 to ^30 per acre. An average crop of Mustard in a favourable season is from 12 to 20 bushels per acre. Mr. A. Johnson, of Messrs. W. W. Johnson & Sons, seed merchants, Boston, who deal largely in Mustard, informs me he has known such a very Exceptional crop as 40 bushels to an acre. The produce of white Mustard per acre ii said to be a little larger than that of the brown : 20 bushels per acre is said to be a very good average crop. Browti Mustard seed is generally sown in March and April, according to the weather and the nature of Ihe season ; some sow later— in May, and even in June. The balance of advantage is in favour of early sowing. Two dangers beset the Mustard plant, viz , late spring frost, and the fly in early summer. The latter is called the Mustard-fly beetle. It is akin to the Turnip-fly, but larger and most destructive to the Mustard plants. There is more danger of attack from fly through the seed being sown late, than from frost in being sown early ; but the plant is tender enough to be completely destroyed from sharp late spring frosts. The seed of the white Mustard is sown late because the plant is of a more succulent nature, and therefore more keenly susceptible of frost, but it will mature the crop quicker than the brown. In sowing Ihe brown Mustard about 4 lb. to 6 lb. of seed per acre is used, about 4 lb. is the average sowing ; if the ground is not in good condition, a larger quantity of seed is used. It is drilled in by means of an ordinary Turnip seed drill, and the distance Ihe drills are apart is regulated by Ihe strength and richness of the land, the better the con- dition of the soil Ihe wider apart are the drills. The distance varies from 14 to 20 inches. Many growers of Mustard prefer to cross-hoe the crop ; some will even go to the expense of singling out the plants, as is done in the case of Turnips, doing this when they are from 2 to 3 inches in height. The advanl.ngc of thin- ning is considerable in the event of a wet season, the plants being subject to attacks of mildew, and especially when growing on good land. The mildew appears to alT;ct the stalks of the plants especially ; hence the advantage of thinning. In sowing while Mustard more seed per acre is required Ihnn in the case of the brown, because it is larger. The drills are also nearer, averaging from 6 to 10 inches or 12 inches according 10 the quality of Ihe ground. As the Mustard plant approaches maturity, and after escaping Ihe ravages of the Mustard-fly, it is subject to the attacks of a larger fly or beetle, com- monly called the Mustard-beetle, which will some- times appear in such quantities as to completely destroy the crop. They attack the leaves and flower both. Their larvre appears to infest Ihe soil to such an extent that in some districts it is found impossible to grow Mustard at all, hence hundreds of acres which a few years ago produced good crops of Mustard are totally unfitted for the purpose. Perhaps this is one reason why Lincolnshire has come to take the leading position in the growth of Mustard ; Cam- bridgeshire formerly could boast the greatest breadth of crops, now it is Lincolnshire. The Mustard crop is gathered about the end of July, when the seed-pod— which in Ihe case of the brown is smaller and not so fleshy as in the case of the white— turns to a light brown colour. It is a good plan to allow the plants to stand until the seeds get tolerably matured, as they become bolder in character in consequence, and the haulm can be placed in the stack much more quickly than when cut with too much sap in it. The crop is cut with an ordinary reaping-hook or sickle, and bundles of it are made and tied with its own straw in a peculiar manner, at which the workmen are great adepts, and the haulm sooner dries when tied in this way, should it become wet through rain. The bundles are put into sheaves, Ihe stalks upwards, and the seeds near the ground ; if stood upright, as in the case of Wheat, Ihe wind would aff'ect and burst the pods, threshing out and scat- tering a good portion of the seed. In fine dry weather the crop is soon ready for carting and stack- ing ; it is of great importance that the bundles be per- fectly dry before they are stacked ; the least moisture from dew or rain causes the seed to coat or turn mouldy in the stack, consequently the market value of the crop is reduced. If Ihe crop be dry, and the stalks in good condition, containing a fair quan- tity of sap, and judiciously stacked, a small amount of heat will be given forth which assists in improving Ihe colour of the seed. A Mus- tard stack should never exceed 3 yards in width ; it does not matter how long it is. By building a stack narrow the wind blows right through it and regulates any superfluous heat, so that no harm comes from it. The seed usually remains in the stack until Octo- ber, then it is threshed out by means of a Wheat threshing machine. One precaution is necessary : so to regulate the "riddles," by means of perforated zinc, when it comes from the machine, to suit the size of the seeds. The seed is then put twice through an ordinary dressing machine, and then it is ready for market. When brown Mustard seed is in good con- dition and of the best quality it should average some- thing like 16 stones of 14 lb. to the sack of 4 bushels, nett ; white seed in good condition gives about 15 stones to the sack. The brown Mustard is almost wholly used for manufacturing purposes, only a small quantity being sown for garden purposes. A mixture of brown and white makes the best Jlustard j the brown imparts pungency, the white colour, to the flour. The " Healtheries " Exhibition of last year afi'orded opportunity to many persons to become acquainted with the manufacture of Mustard for culinary pur- poses. The seed is put into stampers and stamped, the object being to break the shell of Ihe seed as little as possible ; then it is put through the finest wire and silk sieves. The husks of the seeds are compressed, and oil having Ihe appearance of olive oil is extracted from them, known as oil of Mustard. It is rather heavier than water, of an exceedingly pungent odour, and has sulphur among its essential constituents. After the oil is extracted the refuse is made into a kind of cake, similar to Linseed cake, and which makes a capital fertiliser for Potato and Turnip crops. The Mustard industry is a very extensive one, and the annual produce of seed is something enormous. That it is a remunerative crop is undoubted, and perhaps has something to do in keeping some farmers in a state of solvency at a lime when agricultural depression is being severely felt. A'. D. SMALL APPLES FOR DESSERT AFTER CHRISTMAS. Skeinc; your note as to Ihe condemnation by the Apple Congress Committee of Ihe little dessert Apples in cultivation — with which I thoroughly agree — I send you a list of many which I think growers should discard, not by ruthlessly cutting down estab- lished trees, but by grafting belter kinds upon them, which in two years' time would begin to fruit, and as this present month is Ihe time to graft now is the season to make a start. I admit that many of these small sorts possess peculiar flavour, and are dear from old association, &c., but sentiment should not stand in the way of progress, and crop and quality should be placed before a "thin sprinkle" and flavour. Little ApfiUs Ciinsidiycd too Small/or Groivers, . Beachamwell Keddlesloi Pippin Court of Wick Lamb Abbty Pearmain Coes Golden Drop Pearsons Plate Downton Pippin Redleaf Russet Guernsey Pippin Sam Young Golden Haivcy Twining's Pippin Gogar Pippin Wanstall Holberi's Victoria I am ready to admit that many of this black list can be grown on cordons, &c., to a fair size, and that amateurs may like to grow a few historical sorts, but I venture to say that equal quality can be found in the L-st of .\redium-sizcd Apples which I moutl commeiti io Ihc notice <>/Amateu>s and Market Growers. Adam's Pearmain Melon Aliens Everlasting Ne>v Rock Pippin lirownlee's Russet Permain Claygate Carraway Russet ,, Hubbard's Court Pendu Plat Keinette de Bordeaux Uarks Pippin „ du Canada Uuke of Devonshire Stiitmer Pippin J) Arcy Spice Scarlet Nonpareil Lord Burghley Wyken Pippin I purposely omit those kinds with which I am not thoroughly acquainted. Experience teaches me that small fruit is of no value for market sale, as in a cold or wet season they are little better than "scrump- lings," as Ihe fruiterers designate them. George Bun- yard, Maidstone. TEA ROSE HOUSES. As one perhaps more fortunate than "Wild Rose," being in the possession of a Tea Rose house, I would like to say that I hardly agree with his assumption that Tea Roses need such special exposure to the air and weather in Ihe summer or autumn as he insists upon for the purpose of ripening the wood. As my house is a span-roof, some 30 feet by 20 feet, and the roof admits of no top air or ventilation of any kind being given, I have had ample experience of the effects of such closeness upon the growth for the past ten years, and have no reason to complain of Ihe results. My Roses are all Teas, the favourite Marechal Niel predominating in extent. All are worked on standard Brier stocks, and planted in out- side borders. I have had no reason to complain of mildew, and if there has been evidence of this fungus I have generally found it to arise from fierce easterly or other cold winds playing upon the house and causing piercing currents of air through Ihe laps or any other openings that the wind could find. No doubt chills promote mildew, but ventilation is rather likely to promote draughts than to alleviate them. Gardeners are now getting wiser with regard to ventilation, and do not so largely favour the ancient notion that so much air must be given at the sides, and so much at Ihe top, simultaneously. That method is a capital promoter of draughts, or cold currents of air, but it has little else to recommend it. ' "Wild Rose " would perhaps be surprised were he to visit one of our market plant growing establishments to see almost miles of long, low span-houses, without any provision for side-ventilation, and of top-ventila- tion only very moderate means. 340 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 14, 1885. The notion that plants want to live in an eternal condition of atmospheric circulation is an exploded one. In most cases the laps of the glass will give all the needful air, and if the house needs drying then a dry day with the doors open, or a sash or two, will soon put matters right. The recommendation to fumigate Rose-houses early and often is a good one, for it is peculiarly a case in which the old adage as to *' A stitch in time saves nine" comes as a forcible illustration. Just now, for instance, in unheated Rose-houses, and such an one as mine, the buds have started some two or three inches of young shoots, and these present happy hunting grounds for the de- vastating aphis. A little tobacco-smoke whilst they are yet weakly will tumble them over, and may check the reproduction of myriads. Mildew is a nuisance when it gets into a Rose-house, but greenfly is a horrible pest, spoiling and defiling all the leaves and flowers. Happily the worst visitant may be sooner exterminated than the lesser one, but the latter needs tackling at the outset, if possible, by checking the cold draughts which have given it birth. As to the subject of wood ripening, I have always found that under glass, where the wood is not exposed to frost and winds, as it is outdoors, that even fresh unripe growth will, if shortened back a little, break and bioom finely. Again, it is a fact that on all the Roses the buds nearest the extremities — and, of course, where the wood is softest — always break the strongest, and produce the finest blooms. It is, of course, a common rule with gardeners to strip vineries, Peach-houses, &c., late in the summer, and to expose the Vines and Peach trees beneath to the full effects of the weather, but this is more done to secure resting than to promote ripening, which is usually accomplished before the lights are removed, Roses less need this resting, as they are almost per- petual growers, especially under glass. A. D. The Rose in the South of Ireland. I cannot remember any date when Roses were so forward. I have a few hundreds on a southern aspect, and the shoots are from half an inch to an inch and a half long. If I prune now, the lower-buds I am to depend on will be unduly excited and get damaged by March frosts and withering winds ; if I do not prune I see all the sap sucked up to form shoots that are useless, and which will be cut away by-and-bye. But I suppose this is no new dilemma. But my refer- ence to the queen of flowers was more for the purpose of repeating what I said to a friend recently, that owing to the forward state of the growth it is now too late, except in peculiar cases, to transfer Roses this year with any prospect of success in outside beds, &c. IV. 7. M. NEW WINTER GARDEN AT STANCLIFFE. In the last week of last year we had the pleasure to give our readers some particulars and a double-page illustration of Sir J. Whitworth's beautiful estate, Stancliffe, near Matlock. In the course of our remarks we spoke of the new winter garden then being erected by Messrs, J. Weeks & Co., of Chelsea ; through the kindness of these gentlemen we are now enabled to give a view of this elegant structure (fig. 61), The existence of stone on the estate accounts for the very substantial nature of the building, which would astonish a London builder of the Jerry type. LEUCOIUM VERNUM VAR. CARPATICUM. Mr, Brockbank sends us flowers of this variety which correspond with the plate in the Botanical Magazine, tab. 1993- The chief distinguishing feature from the common form resides in the yellow tips to the flower segments, the two-flowered scapes being of less consequence as distinguish- ing marks inasmuch as they occur in the common form figured at p. 341, and repeated from our columns, March 29, 1879, where will be found a brief .monograph of the genus by Mr. Baker. The Carpathian variety is a more robust plant with larger flowers than the ordinary form and with a slightly different capsule, but the differences are, in our opinion, not sufHciently important to constitute more than a variety. TRTS ^TVr OSA I'TTNr'TTTCTJ known blue Algerian Iris. The gentleman in whose ^ garden near Algiers the plant was growing, very LARIS), VAR. ALBA. kindly answered my appeal by sending me some A YEAR or more ago, M. Durando, of Algiers (to roots. These, though doing well, have not as yet I whom so many of us ate indebted for supplies of flowered. Hut a small piece of rhizome which Mrt Algerian plants, and who by the way sent over the Frank Miles was so gond as to send me towards the Narcissus pachybolbos, which has flowered this spring end of last year, and which probably came from the for the first time in this country for several years), source mentioned above, has, to my great surprisCi told me of the existence of a white variety of the well thrown upabloom.andthus enabled me to «tateth»tthe March 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 341 white variety is a welcome addition to our list of winter flowering Irises. The plant has been grown in a pot in a greenhouse, and, as I have just said, was a few months ago a small dry brown morsel, hence the bloom is naturally small and poor, but, except in colour, does not differ from the type. All the blue — ot rather blue and red colour (for the hue of the t]rpical plant is that kind of purple often spoken of as lavender or lilac — that is, a purple with an excess of blue over the red, largely diluted or mixed with white) I am not one of those who think that white is the best of all colours, and, therefore, do not believe that flowers are necessarily improved by losing all their colour ; but I must confess that this white Iris is charming in itself, over and above its afl'ording a variety to the type, and one of my friends is very enthusiastic in its praise. Whiteness in this, as in the case of many other white varieties, means defect of or disturbed nutrition, r.^., in a broad sense, sick- ness. Hence this white variety will probably not be be put in too dry a place, and the more it is scorched by the summer's sun the more stuff will be drawn into the root, to reappear in winter as purple and fine petals. I mean this coming summer to dry my pot plants right off, as if they were Cape bulbs, and I believe that I shall thereby secure a larger bloom than I do now, though even with moderate resting one plant in a largish pot has given me more than a bun- dred blooms I think between November and now. M. Foster. Fig. 62.— leucoium vernum. (see p. 340.) — has disappeared, leaving the falls, standards, and styles, a pure white, save for the medium yellow bar or "signal " at the junction of the claw and blade of the fall, and a greenish-yellow tinge over the claws of both the falls and standards. This preservation of the yellow marks, in the total absence of the blue, is interesting, seeing that, in regard to the uses of colour for purposes of fertilisation, the yellow "signal "or "guide" to the insect, is of more im- portance than the general hue of the flower. Prob- ably the yellow is a solid pigment, and the blue or purple merely coloured cell- fluid. so vigorous as the type ; but this does not necessarily follow, and experience will soon settle the question. I hear many complaints about Iris stylosa not flowering. These arise, I believe, because many people, drawing a hasty broad, false generalisation, from the fact that our common yellow Flag (I. pseuda- corus) is a water plant, think that all Irises should be grown in swamps. As a matter of fact about 70 or 80 per cent, of the known species of the genus thrive best in dry hot situations. I. stylosa is one of these, and it will not bloom as it ought unless it gets a good resting period of drought in the summer. It cannot NUTTALLIA CERASIFORMIS. This early spring flowering shrub is a near ally of the genus Prunus, but differs conspicuously by having five drupes instead of one to a flower. The flowers are also male, female, or hermaphrodite on different plants, and are also remarkable amongst Roseworts for the regularity in the number of their parts. '~ * Each 342 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [March 14, 1885. set of organs consists of five, except the slamens, which are fifceen in three series. The name Nultallia has been applied to two other distinct genera, namely Callirhoe, belonging to the Mallow family ; and Nemopanthes, belonging to the Holly order— all con- sisting of North American plants. There is only one species of Nuttaliia as now recognised, and its great value horticullurally lies in its early blooming habit, when few or none other shrubs of the same character enliven the shrubberies. The white flowers are borne in pendulous racemes, and the leaves, being produced at the same time, give the plant a hand- some appearance. It is liable to suffer from spring frosts. A laige plant near the main entrance to the gardens at Kew is annually very conspicuous about this time. A figure was given in our columns for March 10, 1SS3, p. 309. Araucarias. Having read with much interest the articles on large Araucarias in your paper, I would like to bring to your notice some fine specimens there are at Mr. G. W. Piper's, Piltdown Nurseries, Sussex (for many years carried on by Messrs. J. Mitchell & Son). In a short avenue of this noble Chili Pine there is one which in 1S54 measured— height, 50 feet ; circum- ference of branches, So feet ; circumference of trunk, 9i feet, and perfect in every respect. Of course there is a proportionate increase in the measurements now. There are many more splendid plants from 35 to 40 feet high now, and most beautifully feathered, in the same avenue. I believe the reason that one is a much finer plant than the rest is that some years ago there were several cartloads of soil taken from its roots and replaced with maiden loam ; it was intended to do the same with all. There are a fine lot of cat- kins and cones on them now, some cones being about 8 inches in diameter. They have matgred many cones, which have produced a good healthy stock of plants. I have never heard of any other instance of seedlings from home-grown cones, and would be pleased to learn if any of your correspondents have noticed such cases. There are a few specimens that, like " R. McK.'s," are about equal in height and diameter. A, P. — « — GENERAL WORK. The weather of the past month, although favour- able for the general work of the estate, has been of a very stormy character, particularly the latter part of it. Numbers of trees have been uprooted, branches twisted and lorn, and recent transplants half blown over. Attention should at once be directed to the setting of matters right, trees cut up and removed, branches neatly trimmed, and stakes or other supports placed to heelsdover plants. Hurdles and olher guards round park trees will also require attention, care being taken to keep them both hijh enough and wide enough in order to secure their safety, more especially where young horses are allowed to roam at will. The planting of hedges, although usually left over till spring, should be finished at once, and all gaps in old fences made up without delay. Keep woodland drains clean and in good working order, also attend to those .alongside drives and roads, as, during the present unsettled weather, they are apt to get choked up. Repair roads, drives, and walks ; attend to shrub- beries, and push forward all work likely to interrupt " bark stripping," which, we presume, will be early in hand this season. A. D. Webster. |r(l,id I ottfs and ilcamnp. ORCHIDS AT FERNSIDE, BICRLEY. The collection of Orchids here, Ihc properly of II. M. Pollelt, Esq., is not a large one, but very select, and for its extent the quantity of flowers to be seen is very surprising. The cream of the collection is contained in a span-roofed house in two divisions. Ono half of it is set apart for those requiring a Cattleya-house temperature, and the other portion is for cool Orchids. For winter and the early spring mon'hi there are few more showy subjects than Lycaste Skinneri. They are grown here in the Cattleya-house, and the very rare as well as chaste white variety was in flower, besides some other well marked forms. This Orchid is usually classed as a cool-house species, but I must say that as far as my own experience goes it makes the best growth in the Cattleya-house ; and also flowers earlier, which is a consideration. This species is most interesting, from the fact that it was one of the first subjected to quite cooi-house treatment, and led the way for one of the greatest revolutions in plant culture ever made, and yet it is one not specially adapted for the cool-house. The flowers are easily injured by a close moist atmo- sphere— it causes them to spot. Here is also a hand- some plant of Ccelogyne cristata alba, with three spikes; on one of them there are five flowers. This is a very rare plant, doubtless, and conse- quently very valuable; but if I were to make my choice of the three varieties without any regard to their commercial value I should choose the one with a lemon blotch on the lip, although it must be admitted that the pure while variety would be more valuable for cut flowers in some instances. The Trentham variety, with the orange blotch on the lip, is a well-marked form of the type, not only in the greater length of its flower-spikes, but also in the form of the pseudobulbs. Cattleya Percivaliana is yet in flower, and in two good forms ; it is never of large size, but always conspicuous in the rich crimson and gold of the labellum. Calanthe Regnerii was also in flower, and is very useful to flower later than the ordinary forms of C. vestita. It is tinged with red in the centre, and a useful companion to C. nivalis, flowering at the same time. In the cool- house there are many rare, beautiful, and valuable specimens. The attention is arrested by a charming little specimen in flower of the Peruvian Oncidium Phalifinopsis ; the flowers are large, white, with rich purplish spots and blotches in the centre. Here also is the finest form of Odontoglossum blandum I have yet seen. It had two spikes of large flowers for this variety, densely marked with maroon-crimson spots. The flowers have also a very delicate perfume. O. Sanderianum is also in flower, but it is not one that will ever be popular : even the best forms of it are not superior to the best of O. constrictum. Onci- dium dasytyle is always conspicuous by the dark bee-like form in the centre of the flower ; in olher respects it is allied to O. concolor, although the flowers are different in form and colour. There is a splendid plant of Odontoglossum elegans, a very rare plant, but the flowers are not likely to be seen {although it showed two strong spikes), owing to the londness of slugs for the succulent growths. Slugs are great pests in a collection of choice Orchids, and when they are present the utmost vigilance on the part of the cultivator is required, and even then the mischief may be done in a night. There are also two good plants of O. Hallii magnificum, certainly the finest form of this species yet seen. They are both showing spikes. O. Wilckeanum is showing three spikes ; the best forms of this are very expensive, because of their rarity, but they are also very hand- some and distinct, with the clear yellow ground and brownish markings. O. crispum is showing numer- ous strong and good spikes. In the mod-jrate-sized house 2S0 spikes of Odontoglossuras in flower, or in course of development, could be counted. There is not much bloom in the warmest house, but a good spike of Vanda Cathcartii is opening its flowers ; and amongst Phalsenopsids there is a handsome branched spike of P. Stuartiana, and P. speciosa is also in full flower, y. Doit^las, L^LIA ANCErS SCHRODERIANA, «. var. Although we shrink at the multitude of fresh varieties of Lselia anceps, it is a great satisfaction to see what would appear to be a quite distinct race. To begin with the plant, it has colossal dimensions, a very strong stem, rather tetragonous, deeply furrowed bulbs, 0.17 m. in length, o.i m. in circumference. The upper joint is half way up the stem. The leaves have the average dimensions, in length, of 0.24 to 0.06 in breadth in the middle, and are exceedingly stiff. I write this from a magnificent living plant. Further there are before me twenty-seven brilliant dried lips and a dried flower, whose column has been cut out with great cruelty. The colours are purest white; the disc between the lateral lacinia; is orange, and the projecting keels running in the base of mid- lacinia are even deeper orange. There are 3—5 crimson-puriile longitudinal and several forked lines radiating outwards. So much for the colours. The complete flower would appear to surpass the dimen- sions of Lxlia anceps Dawsoni. The petals seen are remarkably broad. The great merit of the plant consists in the lip, which is broad, with short, blunt, nearly rectangular, side-lacinioe. The mid-lacinia is very broad, blunt, emarginate, and the lip is quite novel to me. The beauty of the remarkable white flower is admirably enhanced by that of the large square and flat lip. This very ornamental Orchd bears the name of one of our most excellent Orchidists, Baron Schroder, and it gives me g:eat pleasure to attach the Baron's name to such a glorious Laelia. It is one of the most recent and most brilliant introductions of Mr. F, Sander. H, C?. Rchb.f, The shrubberies should have every attention at this period of the year, and will require the utmost skill and discrimination in removing all useless and unsightly subjects, and afterwards carefully pruning into form the remaining plants. This kind of work should be undertaken at once, and should be performed only by the most careful workmen. All straight lines, unless there is an object in having them, should be avoided, and in pruning off shoots the best tools for this purpose are a strong knife or branch-pruning shears, with a sharp saw for removing the larger branches ; but care should be taken to avoid the use of the shears in a way that would give the appearance of a clipped hedge to plants in a shrubbery. Where shrubberies have been long neglected it is impossible that they can be made as perfect as if they had been carefully attended to from the first, but much may be done to improve them. All permanent trees and shrubs should be planted at a distance from the walks, and this distance should be according to the size the trees or shrubs are likely to attain. As nurse plants, or to fill up the groups and borders, any common free-grown plants that could be cut away when no longer needed may be planted, avoiding the crowding of the trees and shrubs that are intended to be permanent. Attention should be paid to the proper staking and tying oT all newly planted subjects. The shrubbery should be thoroughly cleaned of weeds and rubbish, and afterwards the ground should be carerully forked between. The grass lawns and tennis-ground should be care- fully looked to. Where moss exists in any bulk in the turf I find the best treatment is to give a mixture of equal parts of lime and wood-ashes, with 10 lb. of phospho-guano to the bushel, well mixed and sown over the' lawn, and if used with a good mixture of grass seed will greatly improve it ; this should I e done at once, and the turf well rolled every week previous to mowing, and at oiher limes if found requisite. //-'///. Smylhe, llie Gardens^ BashtQ Parkf A if OH. |huits and i\\t\\ lultuii^. FERNS IN HANGING BASKETS, This is an excellent way in which to grow many kinds both in the stove and warm greenhouse. The appearance of plant-houses that arc lofty is greatly enhanced by the use of Ferns grown in baskets. Medium-sized baskets of about I fo^t in diameter will be found very useful, and the plainer these are made, so much the belter for their future occupants. A narrow margin, turned over at the top, is an improve- ment, but no ornamental work is needed at the bottom part. The latter will be found more of an impediment than otherwise, especially so when the Fetn in ques- tion is turned out of one basket to be placed into another. Ferns under this mode of culture will con- tinue in good health for several years if a little fresh soil is added at intervals, and by careful attention to watering. Several of the Adiantums are well adapted for basket culture, particularly those whose rhizomes ramble through the soil and cover the sides of th; basket. A. amabile is one of the best of March 14, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 343 this type, it will quickly cover the sides, producinp; a dense mass of pale green fronds. When it is neces- sary to renovate such as these, the central portion of the soil, with that part of the plant on the top of the basket can be removed entirely, scooping it out, as it were, and filling in with fresh soil, and afterwards replanting a sufficient amount of Fern to cover the surface fairly well. That part of the Fern which was left at the sides will soon t.ike to the new soil that is placed within its reach. A. cuneatum also makes an excellent basket Fern, developing fronds of more than usual size and beauty. These, too, arc excellent for using in a cut state by reason of their greater durability, owing, no doubt, to the extra amount of air in circu- lation around them. The smaller growing forms of Davallias are most useful for basket culture, such, for instance, as D. bullata, D. dissecta, D. elegans, and 11. Mariesii, D. canariensis is also an excellent species both in this way and for culture in rustic pot- tery, or on pieces of virgin cork in the way of a raft. Cheilanthes elegans is also very tractable when sus- pended in a basket, and grown in a moderately dry atmosphere. Platycerium alcicorne is also strongly to be recommended for use in this way, being most accommodating to its surroundings. P. grande had, however, better not be tried in this fashion, but rather give it a position against a wall in a warm house. Of the Ferns with long fronds preference should be given to the Goniophlebiums, particularly t".. subauriculatum, which is one of the handsomest Ferns in its way that can be grown. It will succeed very well in a house that is kept at about 50° by night, or even occasionally dropping as low as 45' will not injure it. Under these conditions the fronds will not be of such a deep green colour, neither will they extend themselves to such a length as when grown in a warmer house, but nevertheless it makes a beau- tiful object in a lofty structure. For a large basket in a suitable position Woodwardia radicans is a noble Fern, whilst on the other hand for a small basket, with sufficient suspending room whereby its long narrow fronds with a young plant generally to be found at the extremity of each is Asplenium longissimum, which is not easily surpassed. All Ferns in bakets should receive attention without delay, renovating the soil in each case even if but a little. The Davallias will require their rhizomes to be regu- lated and pegged to the sides of the baskets ; this will be a capital opportunity to work in a little fibrous peat and sphagnum moss, to which they will quickly root when brought in contact. As growth proceeds the supply of water must be increased in each case, having due regard to the genera that is being treated upon. The Adiantums and also the Cheilanthes will require a greater quantity than the Davallias. Ferns in baskets last in good condition for a greater length of time than when in pots, caused, no doubt, by the larger amount of plant food within their reach, and their perfect drainage. J. Hudson, Gunnets- bioy House, }^F(UIT3 ^NDEF} 'CJLA33. STRAWBERRIES. At this season it is not possible to provide more suitable places for forcing Strawberry plants in pots than can be had on shelves which are placed near the roof and ventilators of vineries or peacheries and similar houses now at work, but, alas 1 at many places unfortunately, prudence forbids the practice, by reason of the imminent peril of introducing with the plants that terrible pest the red-spider. Nevertheless, wher- ever it can safely be done, it is an immense advantage to be able to utilise places which for the purpose required cannot be surpassed. SUCCESSIONAL PLANTS will at this period be coming into flower almost every day, and will, with a moderate supply of fresh air, set very freely. As soon as the process is complete the fruit should be thinned, and here it may not be amiss to remark how universally fine fruit is esteemed to that of medium character, therefore in this matter quality should be considered as being preferable to quantity. Early varieties, as Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, Keens' Seedling, or Black Prince, will carry a dozen each well ; President, Sir Joseph Paxton, or Sir Charles Napier about eight or nine on each plant ; and for larger and later kinds, including James Veitch and others, six fruits will be enough for every plant. It necessary the ripening of the fruit can be accelerated considerably by putting the plants after the fruit is set into Pine pits or others having a high temperature, where they should be pLiced in close proximity to the ventilators, which should be kept open a little way constantly, otherwise the lack of air will make the fruit very insipid and worthless in point of quality. From the flowering period imtil the fruit is ripe is a time when of all others the plants demand more attention. Any lack of water occurring now is more or less detrimental to excellence. To provide against contingencies in this way it is a good plan to have sides 2 inches high fixed on the shelves, so as to form troughs to be filled with rich materials, which will induce root-action and sustain the plants if they should ever become at all dry. Gross feeding plants like these, especially when grown with such a restricted quantity of nutriment, will want stimulating by manures, which should be regularly applied in a much diluted form. It gene- rally happens that these plants are not provided with a house to themselves, consequently they have to be accommodated where there is room and the condi- tions most suited to their requirements for the time being, and treated as favourably as the circumstances will admit of. In any case the plants must be well syringed overhead twice daily, and be put where they can get all the air possible. Where a Strawberry- house exists the treatment most suitable to the subject only should be enforced which consists in keeping up a night temperature of 55^ and 65* in the daytime, allowing 10" or 15^ higher under sunshine, and at all times a genial and invigorating atmospheric state. G, T, Miles, Wycomlie Abbiy. |h h Mar. S In. . In. e . • ^^34 —ftS7 52. 5 34-5,18.0 43-7 +3* 40 Q 8g s.w. In. 0.00 29.20 — o.73 49.s'34-5 >S.o j8,o — »5 36. 81 95 N.VV. 0.21 7 29 83 —0.10 41.3 27.9'i3.4 33.6 -6.9 »9.i 84{ N.W. S.E. E. N.NW.: 0 00 8 39.69 — a24 38.a.s6.slii.7 3J.0 -8.S»S-7| 87} o.co 1 29 87 |-o 07 .,3 033 5 9-S 36.9 _3.63a.1i 83 N.E. loOT 10 30.18 +0.25 4' 528 8 13 7 3S' - 5.4,28 s' v6{ E.NE. •"■'" II 33.33 +0414? 930.0 12.9 36 7 - 40 38 9 83 E.N E. 0.00 Mean 2978 ~ai5 4i-3 30.8 ■3 s 36.6 — 4.0 33-6. 83 ^'ariab. o 21 March 5. — Dull day ; very fine night. — 6. — Dull day ; rain falling from 3.30 p.m. — 7 — Dull morning ; very fine afternoon and night. — 8. — Fine day ; darkness from 11 A.M. to noon; brighter afterwards. — 9. — Very fine day : dull night. — 10. — Fme dull day and night. — II. — Fine dull miming : fine bright afternoon. London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week ending March 7, the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea increased from 30.04 inches at the beginning of the week to 30. iS inches by 9 A.M. on the 1st, decreased to 29.44 inches by 9 A.M. on the 4th, increased to 29.57 inches by 9 A.M. on the 5ih, decreased to 29.27 inches by 9 A.M. on the 6th, increased to 30 04 inches by 9 A.^t. on the 7th, decreased to 29.97 inches by I P.M. on the same day, and was 30.04 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading of the barometer for the week was 29.74 inches, being o. iS inch lower than last week, and 0.33 inch below the average of the week. Temperature. — The highest temperature in the shade in the week was 53'. 2, on the 4th ; the high- est on the 7th was 4i''.3- The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 48°. 3. The lowest temperature was 27°.9, on the 7th ; on the 4th the lowest temperature was 39°. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 33°. 3. The greatest range of temperature in one day was 19°.$, on the 2d ; the smallest was lo°.3, on the 3d. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 15°, The mean temperatures were— on the 1st, 39° ; on the 2d, 38°.! ; on the 3d, 39°. 5 ; on the 4ih, 45°.4 ; on the 5lh, 43° 7 ; on the 6th, 38° ; on the 71b, ^,^".6 ; of these the 4th and 5th were above their averages by 4^.9 and 3°. 2 ; the rest were below by '"■Si 2°.3, 1°, 2°.5, and 6°.9 respectively. The mean temperature of the week was 39°. 6, being 5°. 8 lower than last week, and o°.8 below the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 113°, on the 1st. The mean of the seven read- ings was 94''.S, The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer with its bulb placed on grass was 22°.6, on the 7th, The mean of the seven readings was 29°,6. /Hain. — Rain fell on three days, to the amount of 0 67 inch, of which 0.40 inch fell on the 3d, 0,21 inch on the 6lh, and 0.06 inch on the tit. England 1 Tem/>erature .—Datiag the week end- ing March 7, the highest temperatures were 56° at Truro, 55° at Cambridge, 53°. 5 at Plymouth; the highest at Sunderland was 46', at Preston 48°, and at Bradford 48°. 6. The general mean was 5i°.2. The lowest temperatures were 23°, at Cambridge, 26' at Hull, and 26'.2 at Wolverhampton ; the lowest at Plymouth was 35°. 5, at Truro and Brighton 33°. The general mean was 29".6. The greatest ranges were 32° at Cambridge, 26°. 9 at Wolverhampton, 25°. 3 at Blackheath ; the smallest ranges were 16" at Sunderland, I7°.3 at Liverpool, and 18' at Plymouth, Leeds, and Preston. The general mean was 21''. 6. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Truro, 51°.S, at Plymouth 49°.8, at Blackheath 48°.3 ; and was lowest at Bolton and Sunderland, 42'.8, at Bradford 43'.3. The general mean was 4S°.6. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was highest at Plymouth, 40°.5, at Truro 38".!, at Brighton 37°. 2; and was lowest at Hull, 31°, at Wolver- hampton 3i°.4, at Cambridge 3i°.5. The general mean was 34°. I. Fig. 66. — spiney branches of privet. The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge, l6°.i, at Blackheath 15°, at Truro I3°.7; and was lowest at Liverpool, 8°. 7, at Preston 9°. 2, at Ply- mouth 9°. 3. The general mean was 11 ".5. The mean temperature was highest at Plymouth, 44°.4, at Truro 44°. 3, at Brighton 4I°.4 ; and was lowest at Hull, 36°.5, at Bolton 36°.7, at Sunderland 36°. 8. The general mean was 39°. I. Xatn. — The largest falls were I.lS inch at Hull, 1.04 inch at Bolton, 1.02 inch at Brighton ; the smallest falls were 0.24 inch at Wolverhampton, 0.30 inch at Nottingham, 0.51 inch at Bristol. The general mean fall was 0.71 inch. Rain fell on every day in the week at Nottingham. Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end- ing March 7, the highest temperature was 47°.9, at Paisley ; at Greenoc't the highest was '44°.5. The general mean was 46°. 6. The lowest temperature in the week was 26°, at Glasgow J at Aberdeen the lowest temperature was 31°. The general mean was 29°.2. The mean temperature was highest at Glasgow, 38°. 2; and lowest at Greenock, 37°. i. The general mean was 37°.7. Rain. — The largest fall was 0.69 inch, at Perth ; the smallest fall was 0.04 inch, at Glasgow and Paisley, The general mean fall was 0.34 inch. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. Summary of Temperature, Rainfall, and Duration ok Brkiht Sunshine in the United Kingdom, for agricultural and sanitary purposes, for the week ending Monday, March 9, 1SS5 ; issued by the Meteorological Oflice, 116, Victoria Street, London, S.W. :— The weather has varied considerably in dilletent parts of the kingdom. Over northern England a good deal of rain has fallen, and at many of the Scotch stations some snow showers, while over tteland, the south-west of England, and the west of Scotland it has been comparatively dry. Tcii:peraturc has been equal to its normal value in the " Channel Islands," but from 1° to 3° below elsewhere. The maxima, which were registered in most places on the 4th, varied from 48° in the noith and east of Scotland and the north-east of England, to 57° in the Midland Counties. The minima were generally recorded on the 7th orSth, and ranged from 23° in the Midland Counties to 29° in " Scotland, E ," "England, N.E.," and to 37° in the "Channel Islands." On the grass the minima were, of course, much lower, that in London during the early morning of the 8th being 15°. The rainfjH has been about equal to, or rather less than the mean over Scotland, Ireland, the south- west of England, and the "Channel Islands," but more elsewhere. In " England, N.E.," and " Eng- land, N.W.," the excess was large. Bright sunshine has been rather more prevalent than it was last week in most districts, the percent- ages varying from 14 in "England, N.E.," to 36 in " England, S.W.," and 41 in " Ireland, S." Depressions ol>serzvd.—The changes in the distribu- tion of pressure have been frequent and irregular. At the commencement of the period readings were highest oa the Continent, while a depression was approaching Ireland from the Atlantic. On the 4th this disturbance, in conjunction with a small sub- sidiary depression which had formed over the Channel, resolved itself into a band, or trough, of low pressure stretching from Ireland to Norlh Germany. By the 6th these conditions had dis- appeared, and an area of low pressure, having two distinct minima, was moving eastwards over the North of France. As this disturbance tra- velled away the barometer rose quickly and an area of comparatively high readings lay over Ireland, England, and the north of France, while a depression was moving eastwards over the north of Scandinavia, As the week drew towards its close the highest pressure was becoming established off our north-west coasts, while depressions had begun to appear over the Bay of Biscay and France. Under these conditions the winds have varied con- siderably. At first they were fresh or strong between south-east and south, and on the 4th easterly in the North and south-westerly in the South, while during the remainder of the period they were generally from points between north-west and north-east. Answers to Correspondents. *»* Numerous communications are unavoidably postponed. Double-si'Athed Calla *:thioi>ica : S. Grassing. It is not at all uncommon in these plants, and so far the doubling has not been ti.xed by seed, and only occasionally by dividing the plants throwing double spathes. Grapes ; W. T. The sorts you name will succeed in the same house ; all late keepers are profitable kinds to keep the longest. Black Hamburgh will sometimes keep good till the New Year with care, but it is not to be relied on as a long keeping variety. Insect : Camjee. Dytiscus niarginalis, common English water-beetle ; the larva is destructive to plant roots. Mushrooms Failing to Grow : J. W. M. Your shed ought to grow any quantity of Mushrooms, and there has been improper treatment somewhere, or the spawn was untrustworthy. Get Wrights Mus/irooms for the Million, and adhere to the plain directions there given, and you will succeed. The book is to be had at the Journal of Horticulture Office, 171, Fleet Street. London. Mushrooms : W. H. The kind is quite right, and the produce you forwarded is very heavy and well grown. From a check at a particular stage of growth, the gills are distorted into wavy lines. Names of Plants : G. Slater. Lycaste Skinnerii, pale coloured, large-sized var. — R. S. Newell, Acacia cultriformis ; Poinciana regia. — Wexliam. Myrsi- .phyllum asparagoides. Odontoglossum crispum : J. Bayliss. It is a very fine flow er, of unusual size, with handsome markings, giving it a distinct character as a variety of crispum. 352 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 14, 1885. Pay in Market Gardens, &c. : Adscriptus gkba. The pay will depend on knowledge of the business and capability, a beginner not getting more than 8j. or 9J. per week, unless he be strong and a good spades- man, when he might at piecework earn from 30J. to 40. per week. To get a situation, make a personal appUcation to a market gardener doing a good busi- ness, or advertise in a gardening paper — or, still better, in the local paper that has a circulation in a gardening district. Book, London Market Gardens, by C. W. Shaw, published at 37, Southampton Street, Strand. Primula Blooms : D, C. P. The blooms are very unusual as to form, and with regard to the eye very distinct. The crimped form of petal, and its serrated margin, convey the idea at first sight of the blooms being double. It is worthy of perpetuation should the habit prove a good one. Pruning Dendrobiums. — " J. S. W." protests against " T. B.'s " misrepresentations, and states that it is "a safe and proper practice to remove three, four, or five year old back bulbs of certain species." " J. S. W." also says that from experiment he has| found that plants continue to grow for several years in succession with the whole of the back bulbs removed, but he does not make it a general practice to doso, noradvise others to do it without experiment. A correspondent, whose address we are at liberty to give on application, writes to say that he will be unable to exhibit at South Ken- sington, but that he has some three dozen plants of Dendrobium nobile, some of which have as many as four dozen growths, some 3 feet long, blooming at from twelve to fourteen nodes at the base of as many green leaves. Our correspondent does not assert that the system suits all Dendrobiums, but judging from his own statement he had great success with D. nobile. Sulphide of Potassium.— In reference to Mr. Tonks' letter {p. 276), advocating the use of this chemical as an extirpator of mildew and other hurtful fungoid growths, red-spider, &c., we find some of our corre- spondents have tried to obtain this chemical and have been unable to get it. We, therefore, direct attention to the advertisement in another column, giving the address of the makers of the sample of sulphide of potassium which Mr. Tonks found so effectual. It will be seen that a supply of the chemical sufficient to make 32 gallons of solution of the proper strength for use on plants can be obtained, post-free, for is. Should an extended use of this inexpensive substance prove it to be as effectual as Mr. Tonks has found it, its value to gardeners cannot be over-estimated. A chemical friend informs us that its value in all probabUty depends on the extreme solubility ol the sulphur in it ; it this be so, it is important to know that the common form of sul- phide of potassium, mostly of foreign manufacture, is much less soluble than the specially prepared form used by Mr. Tonks. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. t. Dickson & Sons, Chester — Select Farm Seeds. R. Veitch & Son, Exeter— Choice Agricultural Seeds. H. Cannell &Sons, Swanley, Kent— Chrysanthemum Catalogue, with Cultural Directions. James Dickson & Sons, Hanover Street, Edinburgh — Agricultiual Seeds. Communications Received.— H. Watney (next week).— Diss.— R. D.— J. Backhouse & Son.— E. Bergman.— Wild Rose.— J. O'B.— H. H. R.— C. V. R.— Baron von Mueller.— P. J.-J. R. J— J- D.-F. J. E.-Sir J. L.-B. C.-G. P.- J. W.— W. H. F.-G. H. E.— G. C. D.— J. T. R.— J. M.— M. C.-A. Bleu.— Auguste Comte.-G. M.— B. T. L.— W. B. F. Sander.- J. S.-J. S. W.-W. T.— W. E. G- DIED, on the istinst., Mr. William B. Bridgford, of Spa Field Nursery, Dublin. arhtts* COVENT GARDEN, March 12. Business keeps very quiet. No advance in prices, with the exception of Grapes, good samples being few. Jatnes Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— AvERAGK Wholbsalb Prices. s.d. t.d. Apples, j4-sieve ., 16-50 — Nova Scotia and Canadian, barrel 12 o-ai o Cobs, per loo lb. .. 50 0-55 o Grapes, per lb. . . 50-80 t.d. s.d. Lemons, per case ..12 0-18 o Pine-apples, Eng.,lb. 10-20 — Sl Michael, each 26-80 Strawberries, per oz. o 6- i o VbGBTABLBS. — AVBRAGB RbTAIL FrICBS. *. d. t. d. Artichokes, Globe, per doz 40-60 Asparagus, English, per bundle .. 3 6-10 o — French, bundle 15 0-20 o — Perpignan, nat., per bundle .. 46- .. Beans, Eng., per 100 20-.. Beet, per doz. .. 10- .. Cabbages, per doz. . . 16-20 Carrots, per bun. .,06-*. CauliHowers, Eng- lishj dozen.. .. 20-40 Celenac, per root . . 04- . . Celery, per bundle.. 16-26 Cucumbers, each ..09-16 Endive, per dozen.. 20-.. •Garlic, per lb. _ o fr- . . ilerbs, per bunch .. 0 a- o 4 s. d. i. rf. Horse Radish, bun. 30-40 Lettuces. Cab., doz. 16-.. — Fiench Cos, each 09-.. Mint, green, bunch. . 09-10 Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-16 Onions, per bushel.. 40-.. — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Paisley, per bunch.. 04-.. Peas, per lb. ..10-.. Potatos, new, per lb. 09-10 Radishes, per dor, . . 10-.. Rhubarb, bundle .. 06- .. Salsify, per bund. . . 10- . . Seakale, per punnet 20-26 Small safading, per punnet ..04-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-.. Tomatos, per lb. ^. a o- 2 6 Turnips, bun. _ o 5- . . Cut Flowers.— Avhragb Wholesale Prices. d. s. d. t. d. I. d. 0-40 Marguerites, 12 bun. 30-60 0-50 Mignonette, 12 bun. 30-90 0-90 Narcissus, Paper- 0-60 while, 12 sprays.. 20-26 6-10 — French, 12 bun. 20-60 0-16 Pelargoniums, per 12 0-40 sprays .. ..10-16 0-30 — scarlet, 12 sprays 06-10 g- I o Primroses, 12 bunch. 09-10 3-06 Primula, double, bun. 09-10 4-06 — ■ sinensis, 12 bun. 40-60 0-60 Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60 — French, per doz. 10-20 0-60 Spirsa, 12 bunches.. 60-90 0-80 Tropscolum, 12 bun. 20-40 6-10 Tulips, 12 blooms .. 09-10 Violets, 12 bun. .. 04-09 0-90 — French, bunch. .03-10 — Parme, French. 0-30 per bunch , . ..30-50 Wallflower, 12 bun.. 40-60 White Jasmine, bun. 06-10 Abutilon. 12 bunches 2 Acacia, Fr., basket.. 4 Anemone. 12 bunch. 3 Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 3 Azalea, 12 sprays .. o Bouvardias, per bun. i Camellias, per doz .. i Carnations, 12 bIms. 1 Cinerarias, per bun. o Cyclamen, 12 blooms o Epiphyllum, i2blms. o Eucharis. per doz. . . 4 Euphorbia iacquini- flora, 12 sprays .. 3 Gardenias, 12 blms.. 4 Heliotropes, i2 5p. .. o Hyacinths, Roman, 12 bunches .. 3 Lapageria, white, 12 blooms .. ..2 — red, 12 blooms . . „ 1 LUy-of-Val.,i2sprays i 0-20 0-20 Plants in Pots, — Averagb Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. Aralia Sieboldi, per dozen . . , . 6 0-34 o Arbor-vitae (golden), per dozen . . . . 6 0-18 o — (common), dozen 6 0-12 o Arum Lilies, dozen 9 0-15 o Azaleas, per dozen.. 18 0-42 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouvardia, dozen ., 9 0-18 o Cinerarias, per doz. . 9 o-iz o Cyclamens, per doz. 9 0-24 o Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o Dracaena terminalis. per dozen .. ..30 0-60 o — vindis. per doz.. 1 2 0-24 o Epiphyllum, doz. ..18 0-24 o Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o Euonymus, various, per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o Evergreens, in var.i per dozen . . . . 6 0-24 o S. d. s. d. Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 0 Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ..2 o-io o Genista, 12 pots .. 9 0-18 o Hyacinths, per doz. 60-90 Lily-of-thc-Valley, 12 pots .. ..15 0-24 o Marguerite Daisy, per dozen .. ..8 0-15 o Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Narcissus, 12 pots ..12 0-18 o Palms in variety, each .. ..2 6-21 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen .. 40-90 Primula sinensis, per dozen . . ..40-60 Solanums, dozen .. 9 0-12 o Spiraea, per dozen.. 12 o-iS o Tulips, dozen pots . . 8 o-io o SEEDS. London: March n. — The inquiry for Clover and other farm seeds now increases daily. The late weather, however, has not been favourable for sowing operations. Alsike has advanced 2s. per cwt. White Clovers remain steady. The dullest article is still red Clover seed, the supply of which continues most abundant. There is an improved sale for Italian Rye-grass. French Sanfoin is this season rather scarce. Bird seeds are slow. Feeding Linseed shows no change. John Shaw &* Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E.G. CORN. At Mark Lane on Monday trade was very quiet. As compared with the previous Monday, English and foreign Wheats were unaltered, except, perhaps, that Australian and old Russian were rather firmer. Flour was dull ; Maize was quiet, and flat corn quoted 2zr. -^d. to 22J-. ^d. ; Barley continued steady in value, but without much doing ; Beans and Peas met a very slow sale at unaltered rates, and Oats were firm, at yi. to dd. advance for the week. — On Wednesday holders of Wheat re- quired extreme rates, but there was very httle done to estabUsh quotations, buyers being slow to operate on political contingencies in the face of statistical facts. Flour was steadier, in sympathy with Wheat, and on diminished shipments from America. There was no change in the value of Barley, Beans, or Peas ; Maize was steady in value, without much doing ; and Oats were again rather dearer. — Average prices of corn for the week ending March 7; — Wheat, 31J. %d. ; Barley, 31J. 3^. ; Oats, 20J. 8rf. For the corresponding period last year ; — Wheat, 37J. 'jd. ; Barley, 31J'. sd, ; Oats, 19J, iirf. HAY. Tuesday's Whitechapel report states that there was a dull trade, with considerable suppUes of inferior stuffs, which were difficult to sell A better inquiry prevailed for very primest qualities of Clover, hay, and straw, with an advance of 2j. on the top price of Clover and hay, and ij. on straw. Quotations : — Clover, prime, 85J. to 104J. ; prime second cut, 85^. to looj. ; inferior, 48J. to 73J. ; hay, prime, 76^. to <^-zs. ; inferior, 25J. to 6oj. ; and straw, 22J. to] 35.;. per load. — Cumberland Market quotations : — Clover, best, qoj-. to \o'^s. ; interior, 6oj. to84J. ; meadow hay, best, 8oj. to goj.; inferior, 6oj. to 75J. ; and straw, 29J. to 34J. per load. POTATOS. The Borough and Spitalfields Market report states that the trade continues slow, but prices remain without further alteration. Quotations :— Scotch Regents, 85J. lo 95J. ; Kent ditto, 655. to 855. ; Champions, 401. to 60J. ; Magnum Bonums, 60/. to 8oj. ; Victorias, 70J. to 90i. per ton. — The imports into London last week con- sisted of 256 bags from Boulogne, 1718 Harlingen, 283 Hamburg. 269 sacks Rouen, 9 packages St. Michael's, 4 baskets Amsterdam, 14 bags, 112 cases, 188 boxes, and \\ packages from Malta. COALS. The prices current at market during the week were as follows :— East Wylam, \%s. 6d.\ Walls End— Hetton, i6j. ; Helton Lyons, 14J. ; Lambton. 151. td. ; Wear, 14J. ; Caradoc, i6x. ; Tees, 16s. \ Tyne (unscreened), hj. 3t/. ; East Hartlepool, 15J. ^d. ; Eidon West Hartley, 145. 9c/. CONIFERS --CONIFERS. ABIES DOUGLASII, 2-yr. seedling, 15J. per 1000 ; 2-yr., i-yr. transplanted, 255. per loco ; 12 to 18 inches, 8cf. per 1000. „ ,, GLAUCA, 2 to 3 feet, 12*. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, i8j. per dozen. The glauca variety is a grand ornamental tree, of dense compact habit, with different shades of colour. „ ENGELMANNI, 6 to 9 inches. 4J. per dozen. ,, MENZIESII. 9 to 12 inches, 8j. per 100; 2 to 3 feet. i6j. per 100. „ OKIENTALIS, 2 to 3 feet, i6j. per 100 j 3 to 4 feet. 25J. per 100. ,, PARRYANA, 9 to 12 inches, 9J. per dozen ; 12 to 18 inches, 12^. per dozen. „ ,, GLAUCA, 12 to 18 inches, 6of. per dozen. ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA, i-yr., i-yr. transplanted, 201. per 100. CEDRUS ATLANTICA, 2-yr. seedling, 3S. per 100. „ DEODARA, 9 to 12 inches, 12/. per 100 ; 18 to 24 inches, 50J. per 100. CUPRESSUS LAWSONII, 2-yr. seedUnp, loi. per 1000; 2-yr,, i-yr. transplanted, 20J. per loco ; 3 to 4 feet, 401. per 100, „ „ ERECTA VIRIDIS, 12 to 18 inche*. 20s. per roo ; 18 to 24 inches, 40J. per 100. „ „ LUTEA, 9 to 12 inches, 501. per 100: 12 to 18 inches, 75J. per 100. „ MACROCARPA, 2-yr. seedlmg, 8j. per 100 : 13 to 18 inches, 201. per 100. ,, NUTKAENSIS, i-yr., i-yr. transplanted, los. per 100. LIBOCEDRUSDECURRENS, 2-yr. seedhng, 8j. per 100 ; 2 to 3 feet, 40J. per 100. PICEA CONCOLOR. 2-year seedling. 20i. per 100 ; 9 to 12 inches, 125. per dozen ; 12 to 18 inches, iS^. per dozen ; x8 to 24 inches, 24^. per dozen. Veitch, in his Manual of Conifiree, makes concolor synonymous with lasiocarpa. Our concolor are as distinct from lasiocarpa as magnifica is from nobilis. ,, GRANDIS, 6 to 9 inches, 2qs. per 100 ; 9 to 12 inches, 40J. per 100. ,, LASIOCARPA, 12 to 18 inches, 18^. per dozen ; 2 to 3 ieet, 24J. per dozen. ,, MAGNIFICA. 9 to 12 inches, \%s. per dozen; is to 18 inches, 245. per dozen. ,, NOBLLIS, 2-yr., i-yr. transplanted, 6j. per 100; 9 to 13 inches, 65. per dozen ; tz to 18 inches, 91. per dozen ; 18 to 24 inches, 12J. per dozen, ,, NORDMANNIANA, 6 to 9 inches, 2J. per dozen ; 9 to 12 inches, 31. per dozen. „ PINSAPO, 2-yr. seedling, 6j. per 100. „ VEITCHII, 4 to 6 inches, 125. per dozen. „ WEBBIANA, 12 to 18 inches, 1.2s. per dozen. PINUS ARISTATA, 4 to 6 inches, 6j. per dozen ; 6 to 9 inches, 91. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, 84J. per dozen. „ BOLANDERII, 12 to 18 inches, i,s. per dozen; 2 to 3 feet, 12s, per dozen, ,, CEMBRA, 18 to 24 inches, 35. per dozen. „ INSIGNIS, 2-yr. seedling, 65. per 100. ,, JEFFREYII, 2-yr., i-yr. transplanted, lof. per 100; 13 to 18 inches, $cs, per 100. ,, MURICATA, 2-yr„ i-yr. transplanted, 12*. per 100. „ PARVI FLORA, 4 to 6 inches, ts, per dozen; 9 to i« inches, 12^. per dozen. „ PEUCE, 2 to 3 feet, lis. per dozen. ,, PINEA, 2-yr. seedling, 55. per 100. TAXUS, in 12 distinct varieties, 12 to 18 inches, 6^. per dozen ; 18 to 24 inches, gj. per dozen. THUIA LOBBII, 2-yr. seedling, 35. per 100. „ OCCIDENTALIS, 2-yr., i-yr. transplanted, 2s. per 100. „ STANDISHII, 12 to tS inches, i2.r. per dozen ; 18 to 24 inches, 18;. per dozen. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA VARIEGATA, 9 to 11 inches, 3^. per dozen ; 12 to 18 inches. 6j. per dozen. FOEEST TREES. BEECH, Common, 2-yr. seedling, 5^, per 1000 ; 18 to 34 inches, 1 5 J. per 1000. BIRCH, I-yr. seedling, 35. dd. per 1000. CHESTNUT, Horse, i-yr. seedling, 8j. per 1000. HAZEL, 2-yr. seedling, %s. per 1000. HOLLY, i-yr. seedling, 4J. per 1000. LARCH, 2-yr. seedling, %s. per 1000. OAK, English, i-yr. seedling, 4^. per 1000. „ Turkey, i-yr. seedling, loj. per 1000. SCOTCH FIR, Native, 2-yr. seedling, u. td. per 1000. SILVER FIR, 2-yr. seedling, 5^. per 1000 ; 9 to 15 incheSf »5#. per icoo. SPRUCE FIR, Norway, 2-yr. seedling, u. 6<£ per 1000; 9 to 12 inches, 6j. per 1000. „ Black American, 2-yr., i-yr, transplanted, 20J. per 1000. „ White American, 2-yr., i-yr. transplanted, ^s. 6d. per 1000 ; 9 to 12 inches, 20s. per loco. SYCAMORE, i-yr. seedling, 3J^. per 1000 ; transplanted, is to 18 inches, los. per 1000 ; do., 18 to 24 inches, 15J. per 1000. ROSES. DWARF, budded low on Manetti, 25J. per 100. GLOIRE DE DIJON, TEAS, and NOISETTES, worked on the Seedling Btier in the open ground, 40J. per 100. GENERAL PRICE LIST sent Free on application. MORRISON BROTHERS, NURSERIES, ABERDEEN. March 14, 1S85.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 353 HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS — Now is (he feasoD to plant and insure success. Write for R, H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make your choice from his unrivalled Colleclion. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. Hyaclutbus caudlcans. BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers, Hillegom, ne.'\r Haarlem, Holland, offer the above, splendid white (lowering bulb, at soj. per looo, GrXp E^s T H IS yI:^ r. FRUITING CANES, ^s. M. and loi. 6rf. each. PLANTING CANES, 31 M. to ^s. M. each. Leading kinds, perlccily ripened without bottom- heat. JAMES DICKSON & bONS, '-Newtcn" Nurseries, Chester. PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES. Gentlemen desirous of obtaining the true WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES for Autumn and Winter Planting, should send their Orders as early as cjuvemeiit to Mr. COOPER, F.R, H.S., CALCOT GARDENS. READING. BERKS, of whom alone the various sorts can be obtained. Price LISTS on af'plication. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. ^d. per bushel ; loo for 25^. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40J. ; 4-bushel bags, ^d each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 55. (>d. per sack; 5 sacks, 251. ; sacks, ^d. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, is. per sack, 5 sacks t-is. ; sacks, 411'. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, is. gd. per bushel ; 15^. per half ton, 26J. per ton. in 2-bushel bag*, ^d. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAI'-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, I J. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8j. 6d. per sack. MANURES. GARDEN STICK"^, VIRGIN CORK, TO- BACCO CLOTK, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write lor Free Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 31, Goldsmith's Stieet, Drury Lane [lately called 17A, Coal Yard). W.C. GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens.— Fresh Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse. 4 bushel bags, is. each ; 3n for 25J. — bags included. Two Ton Truck, free on Rail. 25^. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, SI. per sack ; 5 for 23s. 6d. ; 10 for 351. ; 20 for 60s Best Black Fibrous Peat, 4s. 6d. per sack ; 5 for 20/. ; 10 for 301s. Coarse Bedf'^rd Sand, is. 6d. per bushel ; 14s per J^ ton ; q$s. per ton. SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER, 10./. per lb.; 28 lb., 215. ; cwt., 70J. Second quality, ^d. per lb. : 28 lb. i6s. Finest Tobacco Cloth, Sd. per lb. ; 28 lb for iSs. Leaf-Mould, 5s. per sack. Peat- Mould, 4s. per sack Yellow Fibrous Loam, 31. per sack. Charcoal. 2s. 6d. per bushel. Bones, Guano, Sphagnum, &c. LIST free. Special prices to the Trade tor cash. W. HERBERT and CO . Hop Exchange Warehouses, Southwark Street, S.E. (near London Bridge). 12- oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 stamps. FIBROUS PEAT lor ORCHIDS, &c.— BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best q-ialiiy for Orchids, StovePJants,&c.,^665.perTruck, BLACK FIBROUSPEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 151. per ton per Truck. Sample Bae, 5^. ; 5 Bags, 22s. fd. ; 10 Bags, 45s. Bagsincluded. Fresh SPHAGNUM, los 6d. per Bag. SILVER SAND, Coarse or Fine, 57s. per Truck of 4 tons. WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Staiion, Hants. BEESON'S MANURE Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes. Sold In Tins at Is., 2s. 6d., and 103 6d eacli ; also In Sealed Air-tight Bags, containing 1 cwt , 13b. T/ie los. 6d. Tins setve as a strong !>ubstantial receptacle to refill ftoin t/ie i cwt. bags. Supplies can be obtained through all respectable Nurserymen. Seedsmen, and Florists in the Kingdom ; or, in districts where no Agents reside— Carriage Paid lor Cash with Order— direct from the manuf/iCtltrer, W.H.Beeson.Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. Testimonials from the Rev. Canon Hole, and most of the leading Gardeners, free on application. Pure Crushed Unboiled BONES, any size, for Vine Borders, &c. wholesale agents in lo.ndon, CORRY. SOPER. FOWLER & CO (Limited). ""'"^"'■"" GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Mbdai^. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.) PEAT, best brown tibrous . . 4s td. per sack ; 5 sacks for los. PEAT, best black fibrous . . y 6d. „ 5 sacks for 15s. PEAT, extra selected Orchid 5J. od. LOAM, best yel'ow hbious . STANDEN'S PRE PAR ED COM POST,best u per bush, (sacks Included). LEAF MOULD, best only.. 1 PEAT MOULD ,. ..J SILVER SAND, coarse, is. 2<^- per bush., 17s. half too, aaj.ton RAFFIA FIBRE, best only ij. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported .. Id. lb., 28 lb. 181. TOBACCO PAPER ,. (Spdciahl^) SJ. lb., 28 lb. 18s. MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest MUltraclt.. 5s. ptr bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected M. per bush., 61. per saclc COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubbs special process), sacks, IS. each ; 10 sacks, gs. : 15 sacks, 13^. ; 20 sacks, i/r. ; 30 sacks, 25r. ; 40 sacks, 30^. Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 251. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in sacks only. ax. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON E. MANURE. ESTABLISHED 20 YEAES. This old-established Manure is acknowledged by most of the leading practical Gardeners in the United Kingdom and the Colonies to exceed all others in general fertilising prcp-rtiesand slaying powers. It promotes a r:ipid, healthy, and robust growth in plants generally. It is a clean and dry powder, with very little smell, which renders it piriicularly adaptable for ladies interested in p'ant culture. The highly fertilising properties of this Manure render its money value, in comparison with other manures, at least double, as users will find that very small quantities will produce favourable results. Sold In TINS, Is.. 2s. 6d.. 6s. 6d , and lOs. 6d. each ; and in BAGS or KCGS. at reduced prices, 28 lb , 123 6d. ; 56 lb., 23s. ; 112 lb.. 423 each. .l/iy l-e cl'tatficd front all Nurserymen and Seednnrn in the United Ki'igdfin anil the Colonies, SOLE MANUFACTURERS, CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (LIMITED), i8, FINSBURY STREET, LONDON, EC. N0tlC9 pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.— V^ Reduced price The same as supplied to the Royal Hor- ticultural Society of England. Truck-load, loose, of 2 tons, aci. Large quantities contracted for. In sacks :— Ten, 8j. ; twenty, 15J ; tony, 25i , bags included. Free on Rail. Cash with all ordcis. — J. falEVEMS AND CO.. Cncoa-nut Fibre Merchants, •'Greyhound Yard," and 153, High Street, Battersea, S.W. PEAT. — Superior Black or Brown Fibrous PF.AT, for Rhododendrons. Azaleas, &c., as suf:plied to Messrs. J. Waterer and other noted growers. Six tons, loaded I n trucks at Camberley Station, S. W.R., jCi 41- Mr. W. TARRY, " Golden Farmer," Farnborough S'ation. I^^PPS'ii SELECTED PEAT.— Forty sacks, -LJ 2s. 6d. per sack ; 30 ditto, 2s. gd. ; 20 ditto, 3J. 6d. ; 10 ditto, 45. 6d. ; sacks, 6'i. each. In trucks of 14 cubic yards. IIS. per yard. For Rhododendrons and common purposes, 14J. per ton, not less than four tons ; samole sack, 2J. 6d. LOAM, SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, &c. See Special List, also for the Trade. Ringwood, Hants. EMON OIL INSECTICIDE (Registered). — Soluble in water. The cheapest, safest, and most effectual Insecticide extant. Harmless to flower and foliage, Instant death to Mealy Bug, Scale, Thrip>, Red Spider, Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Mildew, Ants, &c. As a winter dressing unequalled. See circulars, with testimonials, from many of the leading Gardeners on its behalf. Sold by most of the leading Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Garden Manure Manufacturers, in tins- per pint, is.6J.; qxi^rt, 7S.gd.; half gallon, 5s. ; gallon, qs. Directions for use with each tin. Wholesale, J. W. COOKE, Ma-ket Place. Winsford ; and A. LAING, Kawcliffe, Selby, Yoiks; also Messrs. OSMAN AND CO , 15, Windsor Street, Bishopsgate, London; and W. FRA5EK. iih, High Street. Penh. KOLL TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, and FIBRE for Fumigating.— The best and cheapest it is possible to ob ain. 6 lb . 4* dd. ; 14 lb., loj. : a8 lb,, 205. Good strong TOBACCO PAPER or CLOTH, 6 lb., 3J 6d. ; 14 lb., 8r. : aS lb. 151., carriage paid to London or any Railway Staiion iQ KenC All our articles contain the pure essence of Tobacco only. Used in Royal Nurseries, the Gardens of the Nobility, by Leading Men of the Profession, &c. Parcels Post. Our celebraiel Best ROLL TOBACCO PAPER, CLOTH, or t-lBRE, guaranteed same quality as above, delivered fr'-e to any address in (he United Kingdom, s}^ lb., ss. 6d.\ 4^ lb., 4 . : 6lb , 5J. ; 6K lb . 5S. 6d. DARLINGTON BROS., Manufacturers, Merchants, and Importers, New Road, Chatham. Old TOBACCO ROPE, very strong, for fumigating, 14 lb.. 4r. 6d. ; 28 lb , 8s. ; 56 lb , iis. ; i cwt., 285. Post-office ( 'rder and Cheques Darlington Bro<;,. Chatham. HOMSON'S VINE and PLANT MANURE. — We are daily getting letters asking us how to apply this manure, from persons who have purchased it from nurserymen who have had none from us. We be? to intimate that we have no responsibility for the quality of the article they have purchased, which may have litile in common with ours, though advertised as the same. WM. THOMSON and SONS. Clovenfords. EUREKA! ! I N S E CT I C I D E. Prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist. Stockbridge, Edinburgh. Highest Awards Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh. " Clovenfords, by Galashiels, N.B., July 25, 1883. " Mr. Smith, — Dear Sir. — We have now tried your Insecti- cide on all tlie Insects we can find on any of our Plant', includ- ing Orchids, and used as directed by you we find it instant destruction to ihem all, while it neither stains nor injures the tenderest leaf. We shall in future use no Fir-tree Oil, or other Insecticide but yours. — We are, yours truly, "WILLIAM THOMSON and SONS." WHOLESALE AGENTS:— CORBY, SO PER, FOWLER & 18. FlAsbury Street, London, E.G. CO., Cowans Vine & Plant Manure. Manufactured by THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, And sold by them and all Nurserymen and Seedsmen. Having niidc and sold this Manure under the Name of THOMSON'S VINE AND PLANT MANURE, for the past ihree years, we are now making and selling it under the name of COWAN »S VINE and PLANT MANUBB, and wc guarantee that the high charac'er which ihis Manure attained under ihe former name sh.Tl! he ni.Timained luider the present one, Fvery ingredient in it is of the best quality, as experience will continue lo prove. Sec that all Dags and Tins bear our Registered Trade Mark, Bags containing :~- Tins containing : — I cwt. Yx cw . y^ cwt, \ cwt. I 7 lb. -1% lb. 183. 9s. 6d. 6s. 33. I 2s. 6d. Is. (Quantities nf i ton and upwards sent carriage free. Circulars, tvilh full pjrlicit 'ars, o/t appt 'nation. Prices to the Trade on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), L1.MITKD THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GABSTON, near LIVERPOOL. rfin inCCi UIL (Solublelnwlter) Effortually clears all Insects and Parasites from the Roots or Fnliap-e of Trees and Plaint.-. Kills all Vep-''t;ible Gnib.s, Turnip Fly. ^-'c Cures Mildew and lUifjlit Cieiirs Griipea from Mealy Bus", &l\, and makes a guo 1 Winter Dressing. Of all Seedsmen and Chemists, 1 '6, 2/6, 4/6 a bottle. Per p-al- lon 12/6, or less in larger quantities, A Treatise on "Fir Trtte. Oi/f" and ilf (ijipliratinn, sent fre.f. nn rfreijt nf afldres"!, hu the Manufncturer, E. GRIFFITHS irUGHES. AIANCHESTER, WJioiesale from HooniB & Co. ; Ci>r,uY, So^pr, Fiiwr kil an 1 Co •,■'0, E. OsMAS k Co, and from all the I>ondnn Seed Merchants and Whole.iilo Patent Medicine IToiises. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since ]8;q against Red Spider. Mildew, Thrip'', Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces tn ihe gallon of soft water ; 4 to i5 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight, Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, is., 31.. and io.j. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, bd. and is., from ihe Tradf-. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (limited), London. TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER, finest and most effective. 14 lb. for 91. ; 28 lb., i8(. ; cwt. 70J. Special quotations tor ihe Trade. J. DENYN, Manufacturer, 73, Rendlesham Road Clapton, 'K. SILVER SAND, excellent, coarse, ys. and 8f. per ton. PEAT, excellent, 6i., 8j. and lo?. per cubic yard. LOAM, excellent, 105. and 12s. per cubic yard. Fiee on rail by truckloads. In sacks at moderate prices. W. SHORT, Horticuhural Company, Midhurst. Sussex. Russia Mat Merchants. ARCHANGEL MATS, PETERSBURG MATS, of ali qualities and si2es. RAFFIA FIRRE, TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER, &c. For Wholesale Prices apply to the largest Importers and Manufacturers — MAREN- DAZ AND FISHER, 9, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C. "tOHN SHAW AND CO., 31, Oxford Street, *f Manchester, Manufacturers of TIFFANY and NET- TINGofeverv Description Circular and Prices on application. T^ARDEN NETTING, HOTHOUSE VT SHADING?, &c. Befure buyine for the season send for Samples and Prices to RIGBY, WAINWRIGHT and CO , Manufaciurers, Neptune Works, Manchester. FERN BASKETS, Conservatory and Garden Wirework. SUSPKNDING BASKETS, FLOWER STANDS, WIRE TBELLIS, VINE TRELLIS, PEACH TRELLIS, WALL WIRING, COVERED WAYS, GARDEN ARCHES, WIRE SUMMER HOUSES, ROSERIES, ROSE TEMPLES, ROSE FENCE-!, ROSE TRAINERS, ROSE SCREENS, BALLOON TRAINERS WIRE NETTING, PHEASANTRIES, AVIARIES. See Catalogue. R. H O L L I D A Y, HORTICULTURAL IRON AND WIRE WORKS, The '• Pheasantry," Beaufort Street, CHELSEA, S.W. 354 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 14, 1885. GARDE N N ETT I N G. S. A. SANDS (Successor to J. W. Haythorn), MANUFACTURER OF HEXAGON AND CHISWICK GARDEN NETS. Wairanted to Protect Bloom from Frost, Winds, Hail, and Fruit Irom Birds, Wasp', &c. Pattern and Prices Free per Post. Address — S. A. SANDS, 20, CLUMBER STREET, NOTTINGHAM. Fishermen always buy new Netting, wear it very hard for six years, then sell it to the Gardener for half its original cost, thus wearing a good article six years at the same price the Gardener pays for the old nets that only last two je.irs. BUY NEW NETTING, 2 yards wide, 4^., or 4 vafds wide, ^d. per yard, tanned : or the RE PAIR tD FISHING NET, 2 vards wide, \zs. per too yards : 4 yards wide, aoj. per 100 yards —W. CULLINGFORD, Forest L.ate. E. BLAKE'S PATENT "SIMPLEX" FOLDING PARCEL POST BOX, Also Kegistered Cut Flower and Parcel Post Boxes. For Sizes and Price apply to the Sole Manufacturers — BLAEE & MACKENZIE, SCHOOL LANE, LIVERPOOL. LAKE AND M A C K E N Z I E'S WATERPROO F and other LABELS, for Nursery and Greenhouse purposes; also the WILLESDEN WEATHER- PROOF SCRYM CLOTH for Shadine. Pictorial Flower and Vegetable Seed Pockets, and other Seedsmen's Requuiies. Address : School Lane, Liverpool. RUSSIA MATS. JAMES T. ANDERSON supplies every description of RUSSIA MATS for Coveting, Tying, and Packing, at the very lowest possible prices. TOBACCO PAPEK, RAFFIA, BROWN PEAT, SILVER SAND. COCOA FIBRE REFUSE (Best only), and other HORTI- CULTURAL REQUISITES. Full Descriptive Priced CATALOGUE post-free on application. 149, Commercial Street. Shoreditch, London, E. GARDEN NETTING (each piece 30 yards long). Nc. 2 at 4?iV. per run ^ard of 54 inches; 72-inch, ej^t/. ; loo-ioch, SJji/. No. 3 at sJ^rf. per rim yard of 54 inches; 72-itich, ^^Ad.', ico-mch, iol{tf. HOTHOUSE SHADINGS (each piece 30 yards long). Fine NETTING 5%d. per run yard of 54 inches ; 72-inch, 7 J^rt'. 100-inch, io]{d. No. 6a NETTING 9J^rf. per run yard of 54 inches ; 72-inch, ij. o%d. ; io>inch, is. 6d. No. 6 NETTING lot/. per run yard of 54 inches; 73-inch, \s. id.; iro-inch, \s. yd. No. I TIFFANY, 3^. 6d. per piece, 20 yards x 38 inches wide. Nf. 2 TIFFANY, 41. per piece, 20 yards x 38 inches wide. P.S. — Nettings and Shadings made up in blinds if required. RALPH WALLER and CO. (Limited), 45, Dale Street, Manchester. T BLACKBURN and SONS, tJ • Ru.ssiA Mat Merchants and Imtorters. ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MATS of every de- scription at wholesale prices for Packing, Covering, and Tying, fjom I2J per loa. Manufaciuteis of SACKS and BAGS, ROPES, LINES, and TWINES, SEED BAGS all sizes S' 'RIM and TIFFANY, for shading and covering, in all widths; TANNED NETTING, TARRED TWINE and TARRED YARN, RAFFIA FIBRE for tying. TOBACCO PAPER and TOBACCO CLOTH. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, and GARDEN SUNDRIES. Price List free on application. Special Quotations to large buyers. 4 ard 5, WormiA-ood Street. I ondon. E.C. Made of prepared Hair and Wool, a , . ^ perfect non-conductor of heat or / ^y / cold, keeping a fixed tempera- / S^ , ture where it is applied. / Ss, " I have just laid out about 14,003 / /S*^ / *C^ plants, and keep the greater part / Xfc^ ' under your ' Frigi Domo,' and / /C^' / ^ , , , /^'/ To be had ^/ 2 yards. 3 yards and 4 yards wide, of all Nursery- men and Florists, from the Sole have done so for the last three years, and every one who sees my plants is astonished to see how healthy and well they are without the use of glass." — From a — / ^\ GARDENER, /^^ October 22, //-^T / ' ^ ' / -*V / I'loprietor and Maker, X / BENJAMIN EDGINGTON ^"Z 2, DUKE STREET, /y/ LONDON BRIDGE, SE *taging, coloured glass in lantern and door, ventilating lights in side and lantern, gutter and down pipe, and Loughboiough Hot-water Apparatus, with 15 feet of 4-inch pipe. £25 nett. " GEM " CONSERVATORY, as above. 12 feet long, 8 feet wide, £28 nett. Erected complete within 15 miles of London Bridge, or delivered carriage free to any Station in England, with every part maiked for fixing. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. " A marvel oK^QOX'Omy"— Gardeners' Magazine. *' A cheap and handsome conservatory." — Bazaar. "An ornamental and useful conservatory."— (TaruVn IVark. " There is nothing like the ' Gem.' ''—Ladies^ Pictorial. DESIGNS and ESTIMATES for CONSERVATORIES, GREEENHOUSES and HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION FREE. THE liOXTGHBOKOUGH HOT-WATER APPARATUS. Complete as shown, with la feet of 4-inch Hot-water Pipe, £4 4i- Delivered free to any Sta- tion. Discount for Cash. The simplest, cheapest, and most powerful apparatus made. It requires no brick setting, no stokehole, and no hot-water fitter for Hxing, and burns more than twelve hours without attention. Loughborough Boilers to heat up to 650 feet of 4 inch pipei, with hot-water pipes, joints, &c., always in stock. COST OR APPARATl/S FOR HOUSRS OF ANY SIZE ON APPLICATION. CATALOGUE WITH PARTICULARS FREE. DEANE & CO., Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, 's.'Jief.E.c""'} LONDON BRIDGE. March 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 357 ALL MACHINES SENT CARRIAGE PAID and A MONTH'S FREE TRIAL ALLOWED. THE WORLD. THE AUTOMATON. RANSOMES' THE "WORLD'* LAWN MOWERS are the best for cuttiDg long grass, and are constructed on the American system with the special advantages of Eiigliah miteiials and workmanship. 1 hey are made in nine sizes, 8 to 24 inches. Prices from 45s. to £10. THE "REVERSIBLE" LAWN MOWERS are suitable for small gardens and borders. They roll the grA«s as well as cm it. and can be used either side upwards. They are made in three sizts, 6 to 10 inches. Prices from 27s. to 45s. THE "AUTOMATON" LAWN MOWERS are the best machines for general purposes and gardeneis' use. They leave no ribs in the grass but produce a perfect surface. They arc made in eight sizes, 8 to 22 inches. Prices from 653. to £8 lOs. THE HORSE-POWER MOWERS are the best for Large Lawns, CricWet and Lawn Tennis Club!^. They are used on the Cricket Grounds of the Oxford and Edin- burgh Universities and numerous Colleges and Public Schools. They are made in six sizes, 26 to 48 inches. Prices from £14 lOs. to £32. Complete Price LISTS may be obtained from any respectable Ironmonger^ or RANSOMES, SIMS & JEFFERIES (Ld.), IPSWICH. Wright & Holmes. Ilhistrated Price LIST free oti applicalioti to the Patentees, WRIGHT & HOLMES, M08ELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM. R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS. MIDDLETON. MANCHESTER. vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peacb Eoases, Forcliig Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work, aud that the very best. COnservatOrleB and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the smallest to trie large. t. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected and success guaranteed ui all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock. Plans, Estiifiates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any pari of the Kingdom, MODERATE CHARGES. Our Majtim is and always has been — FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Price 3d., Post Free 3|(i. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. BUY ONLY ENGLISH THREE-QUARTER PLATE WATCHES. BENSON'S NEW PATENT (No. 4658) " LUDGATE •• WATCH, SILVER, ^(^.^W GOLD, £5 5s. ; %£V2, 12s. Is a "Special Strength" Silver English Lever, my best London make, wiih Three-quarter Plate Movement. yeivetUd throuf^hout, CkfOHometer balance, with damp and dmt proof Patent rhtgb.ind, and extended barrel, in Masiive sterling silver dome cases With crystal glass ffom. ii-'wds, set /lands and opens at back. The superioity in value, accuracy, and durability of the " Ludgaie" Watch over ihe Swiss and American Keyless and Non-Keylets Watche<:, made in imitation of and SOld as English work, and the ordina>y Full-plate English Watch is enormous. The " Ludgaie " Watch is compact, strong, hand- some, and durable. Being Three Quarter Plate, it is superior in value and appearance to any ^lo Watch sold, and, being compensated, it keeps perfect time ; fitted with crystal front, it combines the strength of the Hunter, and convenience of the open face. Of my best London make, it will last a lifetime, stand rough usage of all and every kind without damage, and, hfirg made in thiee i>izes, it is for ihe above reasons suited for Home. Indian, and Colonial use by Gardeners, Workmen, and Gentlemen. 7"/wr ^' Liid^ate" Watch ts far superior To any Watch at ih'^ price yet mode, and Will be ientjree atid iafe at our risk To all parts n/ the -world for {,1 5^., Caik or P.O.O. ; or in huniing Cases, £6 6j. Price in 18-Carat gold, crystal glass cases. Twelve uuiaeas SPECIALLY NOTE that J, W. Benson is the only Maker <-f a Thjee Qaaiter Plate English Watch for i^g 5^. in Silver, or £,12 1-2S. m Gold, and that our Patent " Ludgate " Watch cannat be had through or of any Watchmaker in the King- dcm. Any infringement of the Patent Rights will be proceeded again-I. A BOOk explaining the advantages of this Watch over the Full-plate English Watches sold by all other makers, will be sent Post-free on application to J. W. BENSON, Watchmaker to Her Majesty the Queen. The Steam Factory, 62 and 64, Ludgate HUI, EC. Illustrated Pamphlets of Watches from £2 to^soo. Gold and Silver Jewelleiy, Clocks (House, Chime, and Turret), and Musical Boxes, tree on application. Under the Patronage of the Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. J. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK PACIiD LETTERS. 1 he Gardeners Magazine says :— " We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford -on- A von. PURE WOOD CHARCOAL FOR VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES. ROSES, FLOWER BEDS, POTTING PURPOSES, AND GENERAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. HIRST, BROOKE, and HIRST. Manuiaaurers, Leeds, Yorkshire. 105,000 Accidents, For which Two Millions have been paid as Compensation bythe RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE Company. f^4, Cornhill. Accidents of all kinds. Paid- up and Invested Funds, .£2^0,0,0 ; Premium Income, jt235,ooo. Chairmam. Harvie M. Farquhar, E.'q. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or West-end Office, 8. Grand Hotel Buildings. Charing Cross ,- or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E C. WILLIAM J. VIAN. Secretary. QCHOOL of the ART of LANDSCAPE O GARDENINGand the IMPROVEMENTof ESTATES. CRYSTAL PALACE, S.E. Principal— Mr. H. E. Milner. A.M. Inst. C.E. Lecture and Demonstration Rooms near the North Tower. Public Lectures. WEDNESDAYS at 4 p.m Prospectus and full particulars on applIcatiLn to the SUPERINTENDENT of the School of Art, Science, and Literature, Crystal Palace. Mr. Milner has moved his Offices to the above address, where his professional work is now carried on. Vol. I f743 Illustrations), 155., Monily Parts, is. DICTIONARY of GARDENING; a Scientific and Piaclical Encyclcpa;dia of Horticulture for Gardeners and Botanists. Edited by GEO. NICHOLSON, ol the Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew. London : S. UPCOTT GILL, 170, Strand, W.C. 358 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 14, 18 Belglau. BULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE, de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAL CHERE A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. BuRVE- NicH F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern ment at Ghent. Post-paid, lor. per annum. _ H. T, VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens. Ghent, Belgium. Farma. Estates. Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or Piircha-^lie an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midland Counties HeraldOf^a, Birmingham." The Mtdiattd Counties Ht rata always contains large numbers of advertisemcDts relatitg to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. TO BE DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEED BUSINESS. A splendid going ccncem One of the finest in existence, doing a large and profitable trade. An unusual opportunity. Apply (by letter only) to Messrs- PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London. E.G. "i;!/ ANTED, a PARTNER, or to PUR- V \ CHASE one of the best concerns in the Trade, enjoying a fine and rapidly increasing business. An altogether excep- tional opportUT ity for a capitalist. Amount requited from an Inci.mer, not less than ^^ooQ. _ Arrangements could probably be inideto retain the services of the Managers and Foremen.— Apply toMessrs, PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, City, E.G. WANTED, a MANAGER, in a first-class Wholesale Cut Flower Business. Salary £.izo. Un- exceptional references expected.— C. Z., Queen Street, Exeter. WANTED, a married man, as SECOND GARDENER, who understands both Indoor and Outdoor Work. Good cottage, garden, and milk provided. — Apply, staling age. wages required, and lull particulars as to character and ability, to H., Housekeeper, 89, Cannon Street, London, E.C. WANTED, for a large Nursery, a very first- cUss man. as HEAD FOREMAN or MANAGER. No one unless thoroughly efficient and capable in evsry way need apply— Address In own handwriting, with all particulars as to age, experience, references salary expected, and when disengaged, to C. W. C, Gardeners Chronicle Office, 41, Wellineton Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a FOREMAN from a thoroughly well-managed private garden, to become Gardener at Nowton Court, near Bury St. Edmunds, on April 30 next. Only men of first-rate experience need apolv. A thorough knowledge of Houses and Fruit, and general Gardening is re- quired,—H. PORTEUS OAKES, Esq., Nowton Court, near Bury St. Edmunds. ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a Soft- wooded PROPAGATOR and GROWER. Must be thoroughly competent, steady, and'obhgiog.— S. DIXON AND CO., Nurseries, Amhurst Road, Hackney, ^^ WANTED, a thoroughly experienced ORCHID GROWER, who understands Imported and Established Plants.— Apply, by letter, to R. E. D., Norlhcrolt, Englefield Green. Staines. WANTED, a young MAN, under a Fore- man, in the Houses.— Please state aee, experience, and wages required, to FRANCIS BROS., Nursenes,Hertford. ANTED, a steady energetic trustworthy . . young MAN, as Second in the Houses. One who has Grown for Maiket preferred.— Apply by letter to KIN- MONT AND KIDD, The Nurseries, Canterbury, Kent. w WANTED, a married MAN, who under- stands Kitchen and Flower Garden. Cottage and milk found.— Apply, stating age, and wages required, to R., Housekeeper, 89, Cannon Street, London, E.C. WANTED, a strong young MAN, for Nursery Work, used to Potting, &c. Wages i8j — WILLIAM HULMES, Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney, E. WANTED IMMEDIATELY, a good GENERAL NURSERY HAND, who can Bud and Graft. Married preferred. Good character indispensable.-— Apply, stating wages required, with references, to CHARLES AND J. W. TOWN SEND, Nurserymen. Fordhara. near Soham. WANTED, a Gentleman, to take the entire CHARGE of the COUNTING-HOUSE of a leading Nursery establishment, with a view to PARTNERSHIP or PURCHASE. Must be able to invest in the business a con- siderable amtunt of cash. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. WANTED, TWO young MEN, for the Counting House, accustomed to the general routine of Office duties.- Apply, in own handwriting, lurnishing every particular of aee, experience, and wages expected, to D. P. Gardeners,' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, btrand, W.C. WANTED, for the Counting House, a young MAN having some knowledge of Ledger Work. Must be a steady and painstaking man. Permanent and progressive situation.— Apply, giving age, experience, and salary desired, to THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseiies, Totleoham, Middlesex. WANTED, a strictly honest and obliging young MAN, to Sell Flowers, &c. A permanent place.— Apply, stating age and references, JNO. HOUSE, Eastgate Nurseries, Peterborough. WANTED, a COWMAN, married, without family preferred. Wife as LAUNDRESS. Both must be well up in their work, with good characters. Cottage and coals found.— Stale ages, salary, with experience, &c to B. G., 768, Messrs. Deacon's, Leadenhall Street, E.C WANT PLACES. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. — // is -'ery importatit in Remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at VRURY LANE, to IV. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is knoiun, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it 7nay Jail from jiegotiating it. N.B. — T)ie best andsajest means oj Remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER. r>ICHARD SMITH and CO. ^ beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. SCOTCH GARDENERS. — John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edm. burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH G.ARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging from ^£50 to ,;£ioo per annum, and he will be pleased to supply full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust- worthy and competent Gardener. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER AND CO. have at all limes upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.— Enquiries should be made to 237 and 23S, High Holborn, W.C. Journeymen and Foremen, Scotch. TOHN DOWNIE, Seedsman, 144, Princes ?-' Street, Edinburgh, has at present on his Books a number of first-rate Young Men who wish to go to England.— Parti- culars on application. To LANDED PROPRIETORS, &c.— A. McIntyre (late of Victoria Park) is now at liberty to undertake Formation and Planting of New Garden and Park Grounds, and Remodelling existing Gardens. Plans prepared. Its, Listria Park, Stamford Hill, N. To Florists. WORKING PARTNER.— Advertiser is open for engagement as above. Thoroughly under- stands his business. Good references. Age 38, married, one child.- A- B., Selsfield Lodge, East Grinstead, Sussex. GARDENER (Head).— Understands Early and Late Forcing of Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables- Fourteen ^ ears' character from late employer.— L. I'ANSON, Foxiey, Hereford. GARDENER (Head) ; age 34-— A. Gates, the last four years Head Gardener to W. Roy, Esq .is open to engage with any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical Gardener. — BYAMS, Marchwood, Southampton. GARDENER (Head). — Middle-aged, Scotch ; has had extensive experience in all branches of Gardening. Twenty years' excellent testimonials from two places. Reference to present employer. — J. G , 4, Oxford I'etrace, Malham Road, Forest Hill, S.E. GARDENER (Head). — A. Gentleman wishes to recommend his Head Gardener to any one requiring a thoroughly trustworthy man. Well up in all branches. Leaving for no fault.— CHARLES LISTER, Esq., Agdeo Hall, L\mm, Cheshire. GARDENER (Head), where several others are kepf.— Age 35 ; twenty-one years' practical experience, including several years Foreman in large establishments, and three years as Head ; excellent references.— J. C, Northfield, Hessle. Hull. C:iARDENER (Head). — Age 33, married. X ;^5 Bonus will be given to any one deeming the Adver- tiser a situation as above. Si.\teen years' practical experience in all branches. Five years' good character from last place.— L. W. P., 23, Rose Bank. Copleston Road. Peckham, S.E. GARDENER (Head) ; age 28.- C. Sand- ford, Walcombe Park, Torquay, can with confidence recommend his Foreman. Henry Wood, to any Lady or Gentle- man requiring a thoroughly practical and competent man in all branches, having been under him four and a half years.— Address as above. ^^ GARDENER (Head); age 31-— E. Simp- son, Head Gardener to Lord Wrottesley, \yrottesley, Wolverhampton, can with confidence recommend his General Foreman, W. Holdcrofi, to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman, as a competent, trustworthy man in the general routine of gar- dening. Three years in present situation. GARDENER (Head). — Age 35, married; thoroughly practical in all branches of the profession. Fifteen years Head Gardener in large establishments ; six and a half years in present situation. Highly recommended by present and previous exployers. — W. T. PALMER, Kinlet Hall, Bewdley, Salop. GARDENER (Head), to any Lady» Noble- man, or Gentleman, requiring the services of a tho- roughly iJractical, trustworthy man.— The Advertiser (Scotch) begs to fflfer his services in the above capacity. Six ye.irs in present situation ; leaving through the displenishment of the Gardens. First-class reference to a titled Lady. Eleven years' first class testimonials from previous employer. — WM. M. HAILLIE, Heaton Park, Manchester. GARDENER (Head).— Age 36, married; twenty-four years' professional experience, including Pines, Vines, Peaches, Stove Plants, Orchids, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Leaving through breaking up of establish- ment Good characters from present and previous employers.— HEAD GARDENER, Woodlands, Nightingale Lane, Balham, S.W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40. three children (youngest, five years old). Twenty years' experience.— WM. CLARKE, (late) P. Cazeuove, Esq., Clapham Common, S.W. GARDENER (He,\d Working).— Age 37, married, no family ; thoroughly practical in every branch. Leaving through death. Excellent character. — GEO. MORKISS, Elmwood. Bridgewater. GARDENER (Head Working, not Single- handed) — Married ; a thorough practical, energetic man where trust and confidence are required. Good character.— D. N., 17, SuttoQ Road, Watford. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married, no family ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Excellent Fruit Grower. Good characier.and recommended. — J. W., 2j, London Road, Yeovil, Somerset. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32 ; fifteen years' goad experience in first-class places, Cau be highly recommeaaed. — W. B., 6, Hatfield Terrace, Salisbury Road, Bainet. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, married ; upwards of twenty years' sound practical experience in some of the leading e>tablishmentsof the country. — HAROLD, Mr. Myatt, Hamber Lane, Preston, Wellington, Salop. GARDENER (Head Working); married, no family. — A Gentleman wishes to recommend his Head Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring tne services of a competent man. Six years in present situation — H. LITTLE. Rustand Hall, Ulverston. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age n, married, one girl (aged seven) ; sixteen years' practica experience in all branches ot the profession, including Orchids' Seven years* character from present employer. — W. PIGGOTT" The Gardens, Corner Hall, Hemel Hampstead. , r:iARDENER (Head Working); age 26, V-* married. — G. Smith. The Grove, Epsom. Surrey, can with confidence recommend his Foreman (W. Waters), to any one requiting the services of a man as above. Absuiner. — Address as above. GARDENER (He\d Working).— Age 36, married ; successful Cultivator of Orchids, Stove antl Greenhouse Plant-;, choice Fruit, Vegetables, &c. Well recommended.- GARDENER, War Coppice, Whilehill, Bletchingley. Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working); age 29, single.- Sir Hv. Fletcher, Bart.. M P., desires to re- commend a practical, intelligent, and trustworthy man. Coin- patent to undertake the Management of Lady or Gentle- man's establishment. Fourtten years' experience. — W. H. STEPHENS, Ham Manor Gardens, near Worthing. Sussex GARDENER (good Head Working).— Age 35 ; honest, sober, industrious man. Highly re- commended. Many years' good character. Thoroughly practical. — T. T., Mr. Potten, Sissinghurst, Staplehurst, Kent. GARDENER (He.^d), or BAILIFF.- Age 33, married ; five years' good character from last em- ployer. Twenty years' expererience. — OLIVER WlLLETl', Gumbley, Market Harborough, Leicestershire. C:i ARDENER (Head Working, or good J Single-handed) —Age 27, single ; thoroughly ex- perienced in ail branches. First-class relereaces. — G. W., Mr. Whittle, Curry Rivel, Somerset GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed, or good Second}. — Age aj, single; ten years' expe- rience in all branches. Good character. Town or country.^ W, H., 75. G.illeywa!l Road, Bermondsey, S.E. ARDENER (Head or good Single- handed); age 27, — A Gentlhman wishes to recom- mend his Gardener. Experienced in all branches. Single. — G. H., 18, Turner Road, Lee, KenN GARDENER(HEADor Single-handed}.— Age 25, single ; good experience with Flower and Kitchen Gardening and Glass Work, Eirly and Late Forcing. — E. KING, Purbrook, near Cosham, Hants. GARDENER, BAILIFF, and GENERAL ESTATE MANAGER, or otherwise, working.— J. Elliott, fur the last fifteen years holding ihe above situation with B. St. John Ackers, Esq , of Prinknash Park, including the well hnown Herd of Shorthorn Cattle, begs to offer his services to any Lady or Gentleman in want of a thoroughly experienced man in each capacity. Leaving through the estate being sold. —J. ELLIOTT, Gastrins Farm, Uploo St. Leonards, near Gloucester. GARDENER ; age 36. — A Gentleman desires to recommend his Gardener. Eight years' good character, ste-idy, sober and honest, understanding Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants and Flower and Kitchen Garden. — G. B., Blake Hall, Wanstead, Essex. GARDENER. — The Advertiser can con- fidently recommend a young man as Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring such. Is steady, energetic, and obliging. Four years' character. —W. BARLOW, York Nursery, St. Ann's Road, Stamford Hill, London, N. GARDENER ; married. — A GENTLEMAN leaving the country wishes to find a place from May next for his'Gardener. who has been with him for many ye.irs, and whom he can moil highly recommend as thoroughly comoelent, industrious, and reliable in every way.— Address 18, Queen's Gate, London, S W. GARDENER (SINGLE-HANDED).— Age 24, single ; total abstainer. Eleven years' experience. Two years' good character ; leaving to better himself. — G. L., 4, Myrtle Cottages, Upper Caterham, Surrey. ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 29, single ; thoroughly practical Can milk. Four year*' excellent character.— J. FALKNKR, Mrs. Hill, Mickleham Post-office, Mickleham. March 14, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 359 G GARDENER (Single-handed, or other- wise).— Married, one child (age 5 years). Four years in last situation. Good refereoce. State wa^es.— C. CORDERY, Freefolk, Micheldever, Hauts. GARDENER (Single-H.\NDED, or other- wise).— Age 29, married, one in family. Fifteen years' good experience in all branches of the prufession. Three and a four ycari' ^e (Noisette) Lamarck . 3'5 383 37' 379 NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at DRURY LANE. Now Ready. In cloth, I63. 'YHE GARDENERS CHRONICLE, / Volume XXIT.. JULY to UECEMBER, 1884. W. RICHARDS. 4r, Wellmgton Street, Sirand. W.C. OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, South Kensington, S.W. NOTICE ! — COMMITTEES' MEETINGS, Fruit and Floral, at riAM., in the Conservatory ; Scientific at i p m, in the Library. GENERAL MEETING for the Election of Fellows, &c , at 3 P.M., on TUESDAY NEXT, March 24. Promenade and Small Band of the Royal Horse Guards from half-past 3 p.^^. Admission 25. 6 i. N.B. — Entrances, N.E. Orchard House, Exhibition Road ; and Exhibitors' Entrance west side of Royal Albert Hall. OYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY. Gardens, Regent's P^rk. N W. The FIRST EXHIBITION of SPRING FLOWERS will take place on WEDNESDAY. Maich 25. Gates open at a o'clock Band from 2.30 to 5.30. 3 ickets to be obtained at the Gardens only by Vouchers from Fellows of the Society, price IS. 6d. each. 1 R Y S T A L PALACE. SPRING SHOW of FLOWERS and PLANTS. FRIDAY and SATURDAY. MARCH 27 and 28. For Schedules address Mr. W. G. HEAD, Garden Super- intendent, Crystal Palace, S.E. c THE GRAND INTERNATIONAL POTATO EXHIBITION will be held at ihe Crystal Palace, Sydenham, S.E, on OCTOBER 7, 8 and 9. For Schedules app'y to P. McKINLAY, Hedley Lodge. Croydon Road. Annerley. S F. ImantopbyUum (Cllvea). EH. KKELAGE AND SON, Haarlem, • Holland, have at p.esent a fine stock for sale of IMANTUPHVLLUM MIMATUM. the genuine .-pecies, as well as of the bebt ai d newest hybiidsand varieties. These splendid Decorative Plants become moie and more general favourites, and cannot be recommended too much. Special offers wi.l be bent on application. NOTICE to STRAWBERRY GROWERS. — 103 000 well-rooted Runners for Sale, of the following varieties : — President, Sir Joseph Paxton, Elton Pine, Princess Alice Maud. Price on api-lication to JAMKS GUYfON, Strawberry Grower, Behon, Great Yarmouth. A SPARAGUS.— Strong 2-yr. and 3-yr. Con- -^^»- Dover's Colossal, aj. and w. 6d. p«r loo, i sx. and 20/. per I coo. Bagsincludtd. Special quotations for large quantities. E. QUINCEY. Fulney. Spalding. A 3PARAGUS. — A large quantity of strong XX plants, 2, 3, and 4-vr. old. Prices on application to J. CHEAL AND SONS Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley. A SPARAGUS. — Extra strong three and four ■^X years stuff. Samples and prices on application to THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, Middlesex. Choice Alpine and Herbaceous Plants. "DAUL AND SON'S Broxbourne Nursery is J- devoted to Hardy Choice Plants, and now contains one of the largest collections in England. Priced CATALOGUES post-free. PAUL AND SON, The " Old" Nurseries. Cheshunt. CALADIUM ARGYRITES.— Sound Dry Bulbs, 5w. per 100; Smaller Bulbs, 251. per ico, for Cash only from unknown correspondents. 1URNER BROS.. Green Hill Nursery. Allerton, Liverpool. lyEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 1884-5.— ■J-^ Our Descriptive Priced LIST is now ready, and can be had free on application to T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston-on-Thames. r:j,IANT SCARLET BROMPTON STOCK. ^■y — Producing splendid large double fl^iwers with jpkes i\4 to 3 feet long. New Seed, grown in 1884, price u. and IS. 6d. per packet, post-free. JOHN^THEklNGTON DIXON. Seed Grower, Gains- borough. Tj^REESIA REFRACTA ALBA. — Just J- received frcm the Cape, fine Bulbs, iu splendid condition. 25J. per 100, 4^. per dozen. COLLINS BROS, and GABRIEL. 39. Waterloo Road, S.E. SURPLUS stock!— Beautiful Specimens of ORNAMENTAL and EVERGREEN TREES, in per- fect condition for removal, at extraordinarily low prices. Special LIST, just published, on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. D OSES.— ROSES.— ROSES.— Fifty choice -I-*' Perpetuals sent on receipt of remittance for arr. ; pur- chaser's selection from 400 best varieties. List of names on ap- plication. Twenty-four choice Standards, or Half-standards, air. JAS. WALTERS, Mount Radford Nursery. Exeter, Devon. AUL'S, WALTHAM CROSS.— ROSES. TREES, EVERGREENS, SHRUBS. CLIMBING PLANTS, FRUIT TREES. GRAPE VINES. CAMELLIAS. BULBS. SEEDS, of .very description, of the best quality, and low in price. See Priced Descriptive CATA- LOGUES, free by posr. WM. PAUL AND SON, Paul's Nuseries. Waltham Cross. HUGH LOW AND CO. offer VINES, Fruiting Canes— Black Alicante. Bowood Muscat, Gros Colmar, Muscat of Alexandria, and a few other varieties. ' .Clapton Nursery, London, E, YEAR. GRAPES THIS FRUITING CANES. PLANTING CANES. 'Leading Vmds, perfectly ripened without bottom- heat JAMES DICKSON & SONS, - Newton " Nurseries. Chester. ARLY PURPLE ARGENTEUIL ASPARAGUS.— The earliest and finest which comes into Covent Garden. Stronj; plants, 75. 6d. per 100 ; Seed, IS. id. per packet. T. LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford. SPARAGUS.— True Giant, 2, 3, and 4-yr. Fme sample loo or icoo, with price, on application. JAMES BIRD, Nurseryman, Downham. ASPARAGUS.— A large quantity to ofifer, of very fine transplanted stuff, 2-yr. and 3-yr., is td and 3f. per 100. 20J. and 255. per 1000. Also 2-yr. from drills, loj. per loco. All packages free on rail. S. BIOE, Alma Nursery, Famham, Surrey. WISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGN.M ItN fS of Choice CUT FLOWERS, CUCUMBtRS. T0MA10S, FRENCH BEANS, Gros Co'mar and Alicante GRAPES. SQUELCH AND B A R N H A M, LongMarket. Covent Garden. London, W.C. REQUIRE a quantity of fine Muscats, for which they can offer good prices, also fine Black Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, choice Flowers, &c. QU E L C H AND B A R N H A M, giving personal attention to all consignments, they are thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M. ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and CHEQUES forwarded weekly, BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES. BASKETS and LABELS supplied. WANTED, regular supplies of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS. ROBT. DASHWOOD, Commission Salesman, Covent Garden, W.C. Address. Queen's Road Nursery. Peckham, S.E. Terms and References on application. ANTED, CALCEOLARIA AMPLEXICAULIS. State price per loo, to W. BOWMAN, Hylands, Chelmsford. ANTED, TURF, 3 feet by i foot, per 100. Also following Trees, 2 to 3 inches through :— ELMS, POPLARS, PLANES, SYCAMORES, ACACIAS. Send price delivered free at West Brighton Station. W. WILLETT'S Estate Offices, 61, The Drive, Hove. w D LAING'S BEGONIA SEED.- GOLD M EDAL STRAIN, from our Prize Plants. Sealed packets CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, ij. and 2S. td. per packet ; 5J. extra large packe.:. We regret to say we are Sold out of Seed of Double varieties. COLLECTIONS, 13 namtd varieties, separate, 7J. e*/. ; ditto, 6 named varietie'^, separate, 4'- LAING AND CO., Seedsmen. Forest Hill, S. E. AHLIAS, Double and Single.— The largest collection in Europe. See CATALOGUE. KELWAV AND SON, Langport, Somerset. / .:iLADIOLI.— Twenty Acres. The largest v-^ collection in Europe. CATALOGUES free, with Cultural Directions. KELWAV AND SON, Langport, Somerset. JERSEY CHRYSANTHEMUMS.- All the *J best. New and Old. LIST free, from H. ELLIOTT, Springfield Nursery, St. Heliei's, Jersey. Established 18 }4. pYRETHRUMS, Double and^linglei^The ~L largest collection in Europe. Now is the time to plant, to bloom this year. See CATALOGUE. KELWAV AND SON, Langport, Somerset. ANETTI STOCKS.— 6000 Manetti'Stocks, disbudded when made. Cheap— price on application. GEO WILLIAMS, Stapleford. Salisbury M- MuBt be Cleared by March 26. A FEW THOUSAND good LARCH, 310 4 feet; also a quantity of PICEA NOBILIS. 12 to 15 inches, good. Samples and Pri^ys on application to T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries. Kingston-on-Tharae«. EW ROSES, BEDFORD BELLE and GIPSY (Laxton). — Full particulars of these distinct and eautiful new Roses on application. Strong Plants in May next J Bedlord Belle, js. 6d. ; Gipsy, sj.. or of T. LAXTON. Bedford. Hyaclnthus candle an s. BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 50J. per 1000. HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.— Now is the season to plant and insure success. Writ* for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make your choice from his unrivalled Collection. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. EATHS a SPECIALTY. — The finest Collection of HEATHS, AZALEAS, and HARD- WOODED STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS gener- ally in the country. An inspection solicited. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurserie., Kineston-on-Thames Hyacinth Flowers. "TiRIEHUIZEN BROTHERS, Florists, .^-^ Lisse, near Haarlem, Holland, will send ico live cut HYACINTH FLOWERS, large, various colours, for is. No charge for packing. Letters prepaid. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, CLOVES, PINKS, PANSIES, in the very best varieties, sirong, vigorous plants. Special Trade Quotatir>ns SAMUEL HARTLEY, Headingley Nursery, Leeds. h^O EXHIBITORS.— A special cheap offer -L of very fine quarter and half-Specimen Hard-wooded ERICAS, APHELEXIS, CROTONS, PANCRATIUMS alsotwoLATANIA BORBONICAS (very large specimens), all in first-rate condition, from one of the finest collections in the North of England. For List of varieties, prices. &c. , apply to CALDWELL AND SONS, Nurserymen. Knutsford, Cheshire. Gardenias.— Garttenlas. JOHN STANDISH AND CO. have to offer f a splendid lot of GARDENIA PLANTS, clean, bushy, and well set, at the undermentioned pii-es tor Caah with order : — In 5-inch pot-;, i8r. per dozen ; in 6-inch pois, 271, per dozen : in 8-inch pots, 40r. per dozen. Royal Nuiseries, Ascot. Wholesale List of Vegetable Seeds. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to • forward their WHOLESALE LIST of Home Grown VEGETABLE SEEDS to those who have not yet received it. It comprises all the best varieties in cultivation, and ihe quality ol the seeds is exceptionally good. Seed Growing Establi:hnient, Wisbech. . HE PRIZEWINNER'S PEA, LAXTON'S EVOLUTION.-The Premier Exhibition Pea of 1884, described by Mr. H. Marriott, the Lhitf prizewinner, as " The Everlasting." Sealed half-pints. 35. 6d. T. LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford. AULIFLOWER PLANTS, Autumn-Sown, strong, 21. 6rf. no. 181. 1200. CABBAGE PLAN'l'S, HERBS, LETTUCE, &c., PLANTS, cheap, carriage paid. LIST free of EDWARD LEIGH, Ivy House, Cranleigh, Surrey. ASPARAGUS, grand Roots for Forcing, 2S. per dozen. laf. bd. per rco ; strong, for planting, at. 6d. per too. SEAKALE, forcing, ar. 6d. per dozen, i6r. per ico; planting, sr. per dozen, lar. 6d. per 100 RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. 362 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Makch 21, 1885. SALES BY AUCTION. Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 6880.) HARDY PLANTS and BULBS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NilXT, March -5. at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely. First-class Standard, Half- Standard, and Dwarf ROSES, comprising most of the leading varieties : a consignment of RHODODENDRONS. THUI AS. KALMIAS, HYDRANGEAS. ILEX, and other SHRUBS and PLANTS from Holland : BORDER PLANTS in quantity to name. LILIUMS, GLADIOLI, and other hardy BULBS and ROOTS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— Sale No. 6881.) CATTLEYA LAWRECEANA, Rchb. f, new species. A distinct and beautiful New CATTLEYA from the Roraima. MR. J. C, STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, on THURSDAY, March 26, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, the entire importa- tion of this most superb CATTLEYA. The consignment, brought home under the personal care r'l the Collector, is in exceptional order, and it has not been our lortane before to offer a finer, more compact, and altogether satisfactory lot of plants; and we do not hesitate to say that we have never seen such splendid sound pieces — they are well shaped, leaves fresh and green, and eyes perfectly dormant, and are the result of two years' diligent search. Cattleya Lawrenceana belongs to the very finest of the genus, the colour of the large flower is deep, rich, and warm ; the lip is flat and large, the lower half intensely dark and brilliant, throat yellow and often finely veined red. There are no poor or light coloured varieties among them, and although this Cattleya varies in the markings of the inner lip, all are superb. It is a free- growing, free flowering species, the flower-spikes on plants show up to fifteen flowers ; habit of plant is most compact, bulbs thick and varying in size from 6 to 15 inches. The leaves are in some varieties reddish in colour, in others green, and from 6 to 9 inches long. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Xnursday Next —(Sale No. eusi ) 5000 LILIUM AURATUM. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, March 26, an importation of 5000 LILIUINI AURATUM, just received from Japan in the finest possible condition. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Choice Established Orchids^ ~~~ MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Mr. H. James, in consequence of his large boiler giving out, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY, April I, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, almost without reserve, a fine collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including, amongst many other fine things : — Aerides Larpentse, fourteen , Dendrobium Ainsworthii leaves ,, suavissimum, leaves AngTKCum sesquipedale Dendrobium Ainsworthii ,, nobile nobilius Aerides Mendelii, fourteen leaves Phaius tuberculosus Cattleya Mendelii Selbornien- ,, Mossis alba Miltonia bicolor Oncidium lameligerum Cypripedium cordatum roseum Disa grandiflora, fine health ! roseum thirty Oncidium zebrinum Odontoglossum pardinum Cattleya Warscewiczi de ic ita Masdevallia tovarensis, seventy leaves „ Chelsoni, si.\ty leaves Cypripedium hirsutissimum Dendrobium Pierardi gigan- teum Lycasle Lawrenciae (scarce) Schomburgkia tibicina Phalssnopsis Luddemanniana Sobralia macrantha Masdevallia trochilus, twenty leaves Grammatophyllum EUisi I Cymbidium giganteum Cattleya Trianse Jamesianum j Cypripedium grandis, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Caversham Park, Reading. MR. J. C STEVENS has received instruc- lions from the Executors of the late Mrs. Crawshay, to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above, EARLY IN MAY, without reserve, the collection of STOVE and GREEN- HOUSE PLANTS, consistingof Crotons, Draca:nas, Marantas, Palms, Allocasias, Camellias, and Azaleas, Ferns, &c ; also ij.ooo BEDDING PLANTS, of all the best varieties ; a small collection of ORCHIDS, including several nice plants of Dendrobium nobile, Cypripedium insigne, C. venustum, C. barbatum, Cattleyas of sorts, Anthurium Scherzerianum, and other species; a quantity of IMPLEMENTS, comprising 3 Rollers, Water-barrows, Cans, Tanks, Mowing Machines, Farm and Spring Carts, together with a Cart-horse, Cob, &c. Date of Sale will shortly be announced. Monday Next. LILIUM AURATUM. ROSES, PLANTS. &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on MONDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'Clock t>recisely, 4C00 very fine and fresh Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, just received from Japan in splendid condition; English-grown CAMELLIAS, beautifully set with buds; PALMS and GARDENIAS, 1200 Standard, Half- standard, and Dwarf ROSES of the best sorts from an English Nurserv : 3000 Double African TUBEROSES, 4000 fine Bulbs GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS, 2000 Berlin Crowns LILY of the VALLEY, and an assortment of Hardy English- grown LILIES and BULBS. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. Monday Next. - To Ithe Trade. 4000 LILIUM AURATUM. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C.. on MONDAY NEXT, 4000 exceedingly fine BULBS, just received from Japan. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Important Sale of Cbolce Double Camellias, *J4 to -iYz feet, beautifully set with bloom-buds, GREEN- HOUSE PLANTS in variety. 400 Standard, Dwarf and other ROSES, selected FRUIT TREES, HARDY AMERICAN PLANTS, CONIFER/E, and EVER- GREEN SHRUBS, with a small collections of choice CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, LILIUM AURA- TUM, DAHLIAS, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City Auclion Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C., on TUESDAY. March 24, at 12 o'clock precisely. On view the morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G. Tuesday and Wednesday Next MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will includein their SALE of the Sugnall Hall COL- LECTION of ESrABLISHED ORCHIDS, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY NEXT, by order of Mr. F. Sander, some fine masses of L.ELIA ANCEPS SCHRODERIANA. L. ANCEPS STELLA and SANDERIANA. L/ELIA ANCEPS. white variety ; ODONTOGLOSSUM CITROSMUM, AERIDES TRIBANTIANA, and ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/E. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday and Wednesday Next. IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of the Sugnall Hall COLLECTION of ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from Walter William?, Esq., to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Auction Room^. 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C , on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, March 24 and 25, at half-past 12 o'Clock pre- cisely each day, this VALUABLE COLLECTION, which has been got together with great care during the last dozen years from the oldest established collections in the country, including types not latterly imported, embracing a large number ot speci- men Cattleyas, the whole in robust health, including : — Cattleya Mossis, beautiful' Cattleya Trianx alba old type ; six grand , ,, Wallisi specimens ,, gigas ,, Warneri ,, Mendelii „ Warscewiczi delicata ,, Eldorado „ superba [ing) t> Skinneri ,, labiata (autumn- Bower- Also Trichocentrum albo-purpureuni, Angraicum eburneum, Sobralia macrantha. Epidendrum pribmatocarpum, Oncidium myanthes barbatum, Oncidium ampliatum majus, several Odontoglossums, Dendrobiums, Oncidiums, &c. The whole of the Collection will be Sold, and no plants will be disposed of prior to the Auction. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. IMPORTED BURMESE ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and -MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. Hugh Low and Co. to SELL by AUCTION, at theii Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, March 27. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a large quantity of choice BURMESE ORCHIDS, collected by Mr. Curnow, comprising Dendro- biums in variety, specially a grand lot of the rare and lovely D. luteolum, Aiirides Lobbi, Vanda ctcrulea, also Cattleya Dowiana, C. gigas, C maxima, Odontoglossum luteo pur- pureum variety from Antioquia, O. vexillaiium, large flowered variety ; O. Alexandra:, fine imported pieces from the localities whence ccme the best varieties. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. PHAL^NOPSIS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, March 27, by order of F. Sewell, Esq., of Southend, Catford, who is giving up their cultivation, about sixty plants of PHA- L^NOPSIS SCHILLERIANAandP. AMABILIS (forming his entire stock of Phalxnopsis). For sale without reserve. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Orchids In Flower.— Special Sale. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg to announce that their next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS, in Flower and in Bud, will take place on TUESDAY, March 31, and they will be glad to leceive entries not later than the 24th inst. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. TO BE DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEED BUSINESS. A splendid going concern. One of the finest in existence, doing a large and profitable trade. An unusual opportunity. Apply (by letter only) to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. TO BE DISPOSED OF, a genuine SEED, FLORIST, and JOBBING BUSINESS, in a main thoroughfare. Rent ^£32 per annum, with long Lease. Address A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. Brentwood. Half-an-hour's tide from London. TO BE LET on LEASE, a compact NURSERY, in the High Street, with seveial Green- houses, Seed Shop, nnd Dwelling-house. No Stock to take to. A capital opening for an enterpirsing man. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Auc- tioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. ; or Messrs. POSTANS AND LANDONS, Solicitors. Hi^h Street, Brentwood. Dorrlngton, near Sleaford. To MARKET GARDENERS and OTHERS. TO BE LET, and entered upon at Lady Day Next, or earlier if desired, a MESSUAGE, STABLE. BARN, and OUTBUILDING, and about 2 Acres of Garden Ground adjoining. Well planted with Fruit Trees. and having 2 well-built Hothouses suitable for Eaily Forcing ; and also about 3 Acres of Arable Land, the whole in Dorring- ton, and lately occupied by Mr. Henry Sandy, deceased. Apply to Mr. GEORGE SANDY, of Kelby, Grantham, or to Mr. C. E. BISSILL. Solicitor, Sleaford. TO Florists, Market Gardeners and Others. TO LET, at Fulham, S.W., i^ Acre of GARDEN GROUND with Ten Glass-houses suitable for the Business of a Florist or Seedsman. For particulars apply to Messrs ROSE and JOHNSON, 26, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W., Solicitors. TO LET, from March 25 next, THE NURSERIES, Milt Hill, near Hendon, Middlesex, late in the occupation of Mr. James Wright. There is a fair amount of Stock. &c., which would be offered on easy terms to a respectable Tenant. There is a cottage and about 5 Acres of Land. Application for terms, &c., to be made to C. DRUMMOND. Estate Agent, Hertford, Herts. Strand (close to). TO BE LET, the Upper Part of a HOUSE, in a leading thoroughfore on the north side of the Strand. For particulars, apply to G. H., 24, Great New Street, Fetter Lane, E.C. Proposed Gardeners' and Foresters' BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION for SCOTLAND. At a Meeting of the Scottish Horticultural Assocbtion, held at Edinburgh, on the 6th of February, it was Proposed by Mr. John- DowNiE, and Seconded by Mr. John Meethven. and unaminously agreed to, that an endeavour should be made to start such an Institution. Gardeners' and Foresters' opinion*, for or against the above are solicited.— (Signed) JOHN DOWNIE. _^ JOHN METHVEN. JOHN KENNARD'S Horticultur.\l Sundries. Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Pottery Depot. Catalogue post-frte of every Horticultural Requisite. Swan Place. Old Kent Road. S.E. Established 1854. THARPHAM, Practical Rock. Builder • and General Horticultural Decorator (for many years leading hand wiih Dick Radclyffe 4: Co.. London), 107, Church Street, Edgware Road, London. W. V E N AR C ISSUS or DAFFODIL; -L containing its History, Poetry, and Culture, with Notes on Hybridisation, and Illustrated with many Woodcuts. Price 1 1. BARR AND SON, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C. BARR'S THAM E S EM bTn kIvTe N T GRASS SEED, as supplied by us to the Londjn Embankments and Parks 215. per boshel. ARR'S LAWN GRASS MLXTURE, for Improving Old Lawns, Laying Down New ones, Creqaet Grounds and Bowling Greens. Per lb. u. 413'., 25;. per busttiel. ARR'S NEW MIXTURE of DWARF GROWING GRASSES for very fine t,awns ij. %d. lb B "D ARR'S GRASS MIXTURES NO CLOVER. contain B ARR AND son, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. CAMELLIAS. — A choice Private Collection for Sale ; fine healthy plants, from 3 to 7 feet high, in tub . GARDEN, 97, South Sticet, Exeter. Q UICKS. — Fine clean grown, 4-year trans- plantetj, 17^ fid. per 1000. Holly foa hedee!=, i8r. p. ico W. JACKSON. Blakedown, Kidderminster. FIVE THOUSAND PELARGONIUMS. Mu^t be sold. Clean, large bushy stuff, to flower ejrly. Established in 48-pots, including all the best named varieties, as Dr. Masters, Duchess of Bedford, Bridal Bouqnet. Kingston Beauty, &c.i ^s. td. per,dozen for cash. Also ditto in (>:>f, ready for 48-pots, at 4^. per dozen for cash. Address, MANAGER, The Hill Nurseries, Landiacre. Notts. Hollies, move best now. PAUL AND SON have at their High Beech Nursery one of the finest stocks of Hollies in the couniry. Golden Queen by the 100 or 10:0, of all sizes. Priced LIST post-free. The " Old " Niu-series, Cheshunt. To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced • LIST of the above-named Seeds is now ready, and may be had on application. It comprises all th« very tinest varieties of 1884 growth. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. ARBOR-VIT^, American, a-yr., 251. per 1030. Chinese ARBOR-VIT-K. i)r. fine, ,o'. per 1000. SWEET BAY, 8 to 9 inches, transplanted, loj. per 100. BOX, Tree, 4 inches, 30f. per I030. GOLDE.>I JAPAN BOX, transplanted, 12s. per too. CO ION EASIER MICRO- PHYLLA, 6 to 8 inches, 401. per lo.c CLEMA 1 IS f'l AM- MULA, I and 2-yr.,2oj. per looc. CLEMATIS VIlALliA, 2-yr., 2M. per 1003. CUPRESSUS MACROCARPrt, i-yr. transplanted, 60s. per 1000: CUPRESSUSLAWSON IAN A, »lo 6 inches, 50s. per tooo. LAUREL, Colchic, i-yr . 30J. per 101 o. Portugal LAUREL, lyr.. 25s. per loco, PIN US l.NblGNl-, I-yr.. fine, 4s. per 100. PINUS EXCELSA. a-yr., 4(. per i< o. PICEA NORDMANNIANA, i-yr , 41. per 100. KEIlSll. SPORA PI.UMOSA, 6 to 8 inches, 101. pence : R. SQUA R- ROSA, 6 inches, los. per 100. THUIA TARTAKICA, 6 t.. 8 inches, transplanted, loi per 100. THUIA COMPrtCTA, 8 inches, 8f. per 100: THUIA LOB 81 1, 9 to it inches, 80.'. icr looo. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 6 to 8 inches, iv. per 100. English YEW, 2-yr., 3or. per loco : 2-yr„ tiansplauted, 50s. per 1000. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer, N.H. ELEBRATED KERRY FERNS^ 30 fine plants. 12 varieties. includinK rare Tunbridgc E.lmi , 31., free. FnZPEET, Rathanny, Tra'ee. Kerry. RESH SEED of CEDRUS DEODAKA, just arrived. Samples and quotations on application. PETER LAWSON and SON, Limited, Edinburgh. OBLESSE and" other PEACHE^ ELRUGE and other NECTARINES, in Dwaif-traiii.d trees,; BRUSSELS and COMMON PLUM STOCKS, trimmtd leady for quartering. WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middles, x. T.SAAC DAVIES and SON -I- have still to cflTer :— RHODODENDRONS, selected hybrid Seedlings, colour labelled on each plant, iVi to 3 feet, well budded, 7^s. to 30J. per dozen. „ Choice named kinds, fine bushy plants, 1% to a }^ feet, well budded, yos , 40.C., to 50J. per doicn. „ Seedlings from our chiicest kinds, various colours, 12 to 15 inches, bushy, 40s. to 50*. per 100, many with buds> AZALEA PONTICA, buihy plants, well budded, 41 , 6s., to 91. per dozen, „ MOLLIS, Seedlings from best varieties, colours kept distinct, nice bushes, five to ten buds, 9^. per dozen. 5ar per loo. We have a fine stock of Green and Variegated HOLLIES, from 2 to 5 feet high, well rooted, and a large General (Nursery Stock. Also sweet-scented RHODODENDRONS and other choice hybrids ol our own raising. Piiced CATALOGUE on application. Ormskirk, Lancashire. March 21, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 363 Seed Potatos. S I A H H. B A York Street, Borough Matket, S.E., Offers the following varielies of SEED POTATOS :— o T H, Rivers' Royal Ashleaf. Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf. While Elephant. Beauty of Hebron. Snowflake. Schoolmaster. Early Rose. Maf^Dum BoDum. Forty fold. Scotch Regent. York Regent. Paterson's Victoria. Redskin Flourball. Reading Hero. Dalnxahoy. Early Don. R And other leading varieties. Prices on application. A N T H O N Y W A T E R E R ^^ has to offer :^ BIRCH. 3, 4 and s leeL SPRUCE, =',', 3, 4, and 5 feet. LARCH, 4 to 6 feet. All stout and well rooted. ANTHONY WATERER, Knap Hill Nursery, Woking, Surrey. NEW RUNNER BEAN.— GIRTFORD GIANT (Laxton).— The finest and most prolific Scarlet Runner, has secured the highest encomiums and awards during the past season, including a ^pscial First-class Certificate at Shrewsbury. Should bfi grown by all Exhibitors. Gardenesr.and Market Growers. A true selected stock of 1884, in my own sealed packets, 21. 6^. per half pint. T. LAXTON. Seed Grower. Eedrord. C~UJlNEA BOX of SPECIALTIES.— •* We ag.^in offer a choice Collection of CARNATIONS and other POPULAR PLANTS, package and carriage free, for One Guinea, consisting of Six Pairs each choice Show Car- nations, Picotee, and Pinks lo name : twelve true old Ciimson Doves, twelve border Carnations, twelve Pyrelhrums, double, named ; twelve Show and Fancy Dahlias (dry roots). Half the above, \\s. ISAAC BRUNNING and CO., Great Yarmouth Nurseries. TJOUSE'S PERFECT MARROW PEA. -*--*- Pronounced by competent judges to be the finest Pea ever eaten. Prizes of 30J. and aoj. per Forty Pods will be given at the Royal Horticultural Society's Show in July, Sold in Half-Pint Packets, post-free for Fideen Penny Stamps. JOHN HOUSE, Eastgale Nurseries. Peterborough. Special Offer for Cash JOHN STANDISH AND CO. beg to offer the under-mentioned finely grown and well-rooied shrubs : — LAUREL, caucasicum, 2 lo 2J4 feet, 30J. par 100. ,, Common, 2 to 2)^ feet, 2of. per 100. HuLLY, Common, 2 to 1% feet, 42X. per iixi. ,, Golden and Silver, 2 to 2J4 'eet, 301. per dozen. PRIVET, Oval leaved, 2 to 3 feet, js. ^d. par 100, BERBEkIS DARWINII, 2 to 1^ feer, 251. per 100. \ YEWS, English, 2 to 2"^ feet, 50J per 100. AUCUBA, Green, 2 to 1% feet, 63^. psr 100. LIMES, Standard, stout, 5 to 7 lett stems, iSi. per dozen. SPRUCE, fine stout stuff, 2 to 3 feet, 40^. per 100. Royal Nurseries, Ascot. FECIAL OFFER. ASPARAGUS ROOTS, strong, two years in drills, is.fid. per ICO, icj. per 1000. CURRANTS, while, strong. 8i. per 100, 63J. per 1000. BROOM, common, one year in drills, ■2s, 6d. per 1000. GORSE or FURZE, common, i-yr., 2^. f>d. per icoo. I) .. 2-yr. , 4J. per loco. CABBAGE PLANTS. Drumhead Ox. 2j. 6d. per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS AND SONS, 34. Drapery. Northampton. HoUyhocks.— Hollyhocks. CATALOGUE containing a splendid collec- tion of finest named Hollyhocks, all fully described ar.d I>riced, also probably the largest, most select, and best collec- tions of all other Floi isi s' Flowers, Perennials, &c., ever brought together, is now ready, and wiH be ported on application. It consisu of eighty pages of closely printed matter, and forms a very handy reference book on flowers, which should be in the hands of all who cultivate a Garden or Greenhouse. JOHN FORBES. Nurseryman, Hawick. N.B. LO V E L'S S TR A WBE R R Y PLANTS. Price 2j. 6d. per 100, lor. per 500, 17.?. 6d. per loco. Sample and Pamphlet, post-free, ^d W. LOVEL AND SON. Strawberry Growers. Driffield. OPEN A hardy disease-resistujg variety, which ripens very early, does nnt crack, and is a free and continuous bearer. Fruit large, very hand- some, smooth, and of a brilliant vermilion scarlet colour, flavour excellent. Sealed packets, js. bd. T. LAXTON. Seed Grower. Eedrord. Cheap Plants.— Special Offer. WILLIAM BADMAN offers as under from store pots, all healthy, well-rooted, and fit for present potting : — TRICOLORS-Mrs. Pollock, one of the best, zf.oer dozen, 15J. per 100 ; Lady Cullum, S. Dumaresque, Sir R Napier, 25. 6d. per dozen, i8j. per 100. Twelve choice varielies Tricolor?, for $s. SILVERS— May Queen (Turner's). Flower of Spring, Prince Silverwings, Little Trot and Bijou, zr. perdoz., los. per 100. GOLD LEAF — Crystal Palace Gem, 2s. per dozen, los. per 100 : Happy Thought, zs. dd. per dozen, BRONZE- McMahon, Black Douglas, Czar (best bedders), 21. per dozen, 151. per 100. SCARLET— Vesuvius, Jean Sisley, CoL Seely. u. 6d. per dozen, Sf. per 100. PINK — Master Christine, Mrs. Levers (fine), is. 6d. per dozen, lor. per 100. WHITE— Madame Vaucter and Virgo Marie, ix. 6a'. per dozen, lor. per 100. CRIMSON— Henry Jacoby, 21. per dozen, isr. per 100; Waltham Seedling, zs. 6d. per dozen, 8j. per ico, LOBELIA — Brighton, Blue Stone, Pumila magnifica, 31, per 103, 20^. per icoc. HELIOTROPE— Jean d'Amour, Miss Nightingale and Light, 6s. per 100. AGERATUM — Imperial Dwarf Blue, ss. per 100, 401, per icoo. CALCEOLARIA— Golden Gem and Dark Camden Hero, 5J. per 100, 401. per 1000. COLKUS Verschaffelti and IRESINE Lindeni, 51. per 100. TROP.'EOLUM— Vesuvius, dwarf, good bedded, Ss. per loc. PELARGONIUMS — Show and Fancy, in single pols, 3*. per dozen, zof. per 100. Packing included. Terms Cash. I Cemetery Nursery, Graveseod. i NEW TOMATO. — LAXTON'S AIR. — The beit for outdoor cultivation. OSES. — Our Specialty. Cheapest yet offered both as to quality and price. STANDARDS and HALF-STANDARDS, fine heads, 9J. to \2S, per dozen. DWARFS or BUSHES, very fine, 6s. to Zs. per dozen. Packing included. Special price for large quantities. Our Roses, so widely known for their superior excellenc;, cannot be surpassed by any for vigorous and fiberous Roots. The universal satisfaction they havegivenisasufficicnl guarantee lor their superior quality. W. B. ROWE AND CO. (Limited), Barbourne Nurseries, Worcester. N EW ROSES of 18S5. The whole of those raised in England, including:— Mrs. CAROLINE SWAILES (H.!".), ELLA GORDON (H.P.), BEDFORD BELLE (Hybrid Tea) I And all the best of those raised abroad, inchidine :— GLOIRE LYONAISE (.he yellow H P.l, ETENDARD DE LYON(H.P.) SOUVENIR DE GABRIEL DUVET (Tea); can now be supplied in very fine plants, fit for immediate worklne or for summer budding. CATALOGUES, giving rai;ers' descriptions of each variety, post-free on application to KEYNES, WILLIAMS AND CO., Salisbury. DODWELL'S GRAND CARNA- TIONS. The finest grown. Two thousand Plants, including five sets of his Seedlings of last autumn, to be SOLD, for the BENEFIT of the Prize Fund of the OXFORD UNION CARNATION AND PICOTEE SOCIETY. Special terms to the Trade. Par- ticulars on application. Address HEAD GARDENER, The Cottage, Stanley Road. Oxford. M^ R Tuberous Begonias. OWEN offers his magnificent strain, the • result of many years" selection and hybridising. Tubers selected when in bloom. In colours or mi.xed, single. 35. fid. to ics. 6d. per dozen ; double (warranted double) 5s. to 2iy. per dozen. Seed, 11. 6d. and 2s 61/. single, 21. 6rf. and it. double. See BEGONIA LIST for opinions of Horticuhural Press on application— one stamp. The Floral Nurseries. Maidenhead. GRAPE VINES, strong Fruiting and Plant- ing Canes: also STRAWBERRIES m «„»„ r ict on application. FRANCIS R. Surrey. also STRAWBERRIES in pots. LIST KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, T ILIES of the VALLEY.-Crowns from -*— ' which blooms have been cut, but not been forced in bottom-heat, for planting out to obtain stock. This is the be^t and cheapest way to get a stock. Many thousands for disposal, the true large flowering Berlin variety, at loj. per 1000. Prices for crowns for forcing or planting out on application T. JANNOCH. The Lily Nursery, Dersingham,' Norfolk. JVEW early" potato. — WHITE -L^ BEAUTY ol HEBRON -A white-skmned selection from Beauty of Hebron, the finest of all the early Amarican sorts. The selection is very early, of large size, and a great producer : quality excellent for early or late eating. Is being largely grown for maiket. 2 lb., ss. ; 6 lb., 41. by Parcels Post : 14 lb., 6s. (,d. : £1 per bushel. ■•''!' ■'■'rceis T. LAXTuN, Seed Grower. Bedford. T ILIUM AURATUM.— Special Offer. — -*— ^ Another large consignment just to hand. Splendid firm sound BULBS. 6 to S and 8 to 10 inches in circumference, 2Ss and 351. pet 100. 41. and 6s. per dozen. Cheapest for quality evertflfered. Samples twelve stamps. Please order quickly Messrs. MORLE and CO., i and 2, and i6za. Fenchurch Street, E.C. s URPLUS ST Special ofTer of Nursery Stock ; — FIR, Scotch, 3 to 5 feet, ayr., 2-yr. ,, Spruce, 2-yr., 3-yr. LARCH, 2-yr., 2-yr., strong stufT. BIRCH, 2 to 3 feet. ALDER. I'/i to 2 feet. ASH. Mountain, 4 to 6 leet. LABURNUM, 4 to 5 feet. WYCH ELM, 5 10 6 feet. SYCAMORE, 4 to 6 feet. Prices on application. JOS. TREMBLE and SON, Nurserymen, O C K. Penrith. CABBAGE PUNTS !— Extra fine stock and well-rooted plants of the following :- Early Enfield Market, Battersea, East Ham, Rainham. and Nonpareil ; the above, 3r. per 1000. Red Drum- head (true), ss. per 1000. Brown Cos, Hardy Green Cos and Grand Admiral LETTUCE, 51. per looo. Cash or reference must accompany all orders from unknown correspondents W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, Guildford. Seed Potatos^ AND F. SHARPE OfTer the following varieties of SEED POTATOS, of the finest quality and at very reasonable prices ' CABBAGE PLANTS !- PI H. Sandringham Kidney Hammersmith Kidney Veitch's Improved Ashleaf Rivers' Royal Ashleaf Myati's Prolific Ashleaf Early Rose Extra Early Vermont Pride of Ontario Pride of America Reading Hero Magnum Bonum Scotch Champion Covent Garden Perfection Schoolmaster White Elephant Climax Bresee's Prolific Snowflake SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist and Sehdsman, Prospect House, Belper, Derbyshire, begs to inform the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle that he is pre- pared to execute orders for the following plants, all of which have been grown on the Derbyshire hills, and arc very hardy and strong stocky plants, and sure to succeed well; They are of the very finest strains that money can buy. They are carnage free for cash with order. Descriptive CATALOGUE of Florists' Flowers free. Established a6 years. pANSIES a SPECIALTY. — Probably the J- best collection in England. The cream only of the most noted raisers. The latest new sorts, and the winners at all the great shows. Good plants, correctly named, Show or Fancy, 12 for 3^.; 25 for 55, 6d.; roo varieties for 2c s. Postal Orders. T>EAUTIFUL WHITE POLYANTHUS. -*-' -Strong Plants, full of Bloom-buds, la for is. 6d., 8 for ts. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES. V.^ —Yellow, Pink, Scarlet, Dark Red, Pure White &c beautifully Striped, Spotted, and Selfs, 12 named varieties, all strong layers, for 4r. (CANTERBURY BELLS.-Unrivalled Col- V^ lection, grand new Colours, Double and Single Tele- scopes, Candelabra, and other new forms, 12 forir.- 12 extra strong for 11. 6d. Postal Orders. (^ARNATIONS ^In^ PICOTEES. — The y^ new French Perpetual, a really grand neiv strain, mist beautiful colours, twelve varieties, strong plants, to bloom well, for 2j., 6 for is. zd, : 12 extra strong for 2j. ()d. A URICULAS (Alpines). — Fine ^~^ Trusses and Blooms, most beautiful colours, Plants, to bloom well, 12 for 2s. ; 12 extra strong lor ^s Orders. large strong Postal A URICULAS.- •^-*- Yellow. Most delicicusly scented, 12 strong plants for 2s. 6d., 6 for is. 6ii, The old-fashioned Single Soon bloom. pOLYANTHUS.— The finest strain grown ; -■- fine large Trusses and Blooms, and splendid Colours. 12 for js., 25 for ts. gd. DEAUTIFUL PURE WHITE GARDEN -L' PINKS, deliciously Scented.— Good .strong Plants, to bloom well, 12 for i.r. ; 25 for ir. gd. (CARNATION.— The new German Scarlet ^-^ Grenadin, a realiy fine decorative v.irieiv, early and iree bloomer. Twelve strong plants, to bloom wcli, lu. 2.1., 6 for IS. 3d. ; 12 extra strong for 21. 6d. nest and 6 for IS. €d ; rrOLLYHOCKS of Chater's very fi AX most select strain, 12 varieties for sr. 6d.; 6 6 extra stror g for 2s. Postal Order. T\AISIES.— A fine Collection, three plants -L' each of six distinct sorts, named, for is ; Earl of Beaconsfield, the grand New Scotch D.ak Daisy, 2 fjr is. (CARNATIONS and PICOTEES (Seedling), V-' from Carter'" — 1-1---. -j _. ■ .n ^ . plants, to bloom, for If, 6' Warranted the largest, earliest, and best-flavoured Celery grown. Seed Packets, is. SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist and Seedsman, Prospect Houjc, Belper. pARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and PINKS. V-/ —Having a large stock of strong, finely rooted plants of the above, we beg to offer them at the following low prices — Choice Show CARNATIONS and PICO FEES, to name, our selection, izs. per dozen pairs; purchaser's selection, 15^. to iSs. ditto. PINKS, Show varieties, our selection, 41. 6d. to 6s. per dozen pairs. Old Crimson CLOVES (True), 3^. per dozen Mixed CARNATIONS, for borders, 3s. per dozen. PYRE- THRUMS, choice Double varieties, 3J. per dozen. Carriage and package free for cash with order. ISAAC BRUNNING and CO.. Great Yarmouth Nurseries. Forcing Asparagus. AND G. NEAL beg to offer the above by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans- planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also beg to call theattention of Nurserymen, Builders, and others tc- their excepiionally fine stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S. W, New Kidney Potato. BIRD'S DOCTOR BOB. — This is the earliest Kidney variety in existence ; a very heavy cropper, as many as sixty tubers of all sizes have been counted at a root. It is a seedling from Early King. After a trial of several years it has never taken disease. Eyes very shallow ; a good cooker, and fine flavour. 51. per stone. JAMES BIRD, American Nurseries, Downham Market. HRYSANTHEMUMS. — Specialty. — 420 varieties, guaranteed true to name. One of the largest and cheapest Collections in the Trade. Plaul.c, purchaser's selection, 2s, 6d. per dozen, i6s. per loo ; cuttings, i^. 6d. per doren. loj. per roo ; W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new English and Continental varieties see CATALOGUE, with Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. W. ETHERINGTON, The Manor House, Swanscombe, Kent. K. 364 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 2i» 1885. Vmany thousands. , and ANTHONY WATERER Invites attention to the following LIST of well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY STOCK :— HOLLIES. Common Green, 3. 4i 5. 6. 7. 8 Ko\ ,, laurifolia, ditto. [10 feet high. „ Hodgini.', 3. 4, 5 to 8 feet. „ myrtifolia, ditto. „ Scottica, 3 to 8 feet. „ Yellow -berried, altaclareose and others. „ Variegated, of sorts, 5, 4, 5. 6. 8 to 10 ft. - „ Waterer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5i and 6 feet. 8 to 15 feet in circumference. „ Golden Queen, 3, 4, s, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feet, hundreds of beautilul specimens. „ Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful heads, ten to fifteen years' growih, hundreds. „ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beauuful plants. BOX. Green and Variegated. 3, 4> 5. 6^° 7'eet. many thousands. YEWS. Common, 3. 4, Si 6 to ^o feet, thousand-;. „ Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in pomt of variety and size unequalled. ,, Iriih, S to 10 feet, hundreds. Lthousands. CUPKtSbUS ERECa-A VIKIDIS. 3, 4. 5- 6 to 8 teel, „ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, huudreds of beautiful specimens. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA. 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds. RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4. 5. 6. 7. 8, to 10 feet. The plants are covered with buds. AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known. 2, 3, 5 feet high, thousands. JUNIPEkS, Chinese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high. „ Chinese Golden. 3 to 6 feet. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA GLAUCA. 3 to 5 feet. ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds. „ DOUGLASII, 3 to 5 feet, thousands „ „ GL\UCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. „ ORIENTALIS, 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ HOOKERIANA, 3 to 5 feet. „ PAKRYANA GLAUCA. I J^ to 2 feet, hundreds. PtCEA CONCOLOR. 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. „ GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet. „ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. „ MAGNIFICA, 2 t03 feet, hundreds. ,, NOBILIS, I ^ to 3 feet, thousands. „ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7. to 10 feet, ,, PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ PUNGENS, iH to 2 feet, thousands. PINUS CEMBRA, 6 to 8 feet. CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds. „ LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon). 3 to 5 feet. THUIA OCCIDENTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. THUIOPStS BOREALIS, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. ., PISIFERA AUREA (true), 3 to 6 feet. „ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet. Knap Hill Nursery, WoUng Station, Surrey. CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN.— Too well known to require description. Price 6i. per bushel (is, extra per bushel for package), or dd. per cake ; free by Parcels Post, is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our siEnature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON ' (Limited), Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N. For Present Sowing. The earliest in cultivation, dwarf and com- pact in habit, head fiim and pure white, and well protected by the foliage. It stands dry weather better than any other variety. Mr. Gilbert says it turned out the best o/allhi grew last season. Mr. E. Stephenson, Thorganby Hall, says: — "Your 'President' Cauliflower is not only the earliest but the most useful I have ever grown ; we can plant ii 3 or 4 inches closer than any other variety. The heads are very white and compact. I have grown it ever bince it came out : I recommend it to all my friends." Post-free on receipt of postal order or stamps ^^^^__^_ for ts. 6d. WILLIAM E. MARTIN, Seed Merchant, Hull. New Pea.— SHARPE'S TRIUMPH. Triumph is the very last of Mr. Culverwell's Peas, and is the best of the many fine varieties he has given to the Pubhc. It is a Blue Wrinkled Marrow Pea, of exquisite flavour ; the pods are large, very much curved, and are well filled with large Peas clo.sely packed in the pod. The habit is good, being dense and bushy, attaining a height of 2 to 3 feet, The plant is covered with pods from the ground to the extreme top of the haulm. On one plant no less than sixty-nine pods have been counted, containing from nine to eleven Peas in a pod. The pods are of a bright green, in clusters of two or three ; and are not easily affected by drought, remaining green for a long time. In constitution it is robust and hardy ; and, without hesitation, we can say that it is the perfection of Peas for either the Market Gardener or the Private Grower, for exhibition, or for ordinary use. Price, 2s. 6d. per J-pint Sealed Packet. Trade price on application, CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD. Martin's FreBldent Cauliflower Is. 6d. per packet. BIDDLES & CO., THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE, Supply 3000 varieties of FLOWER SEEDS, in Packets, at One Penny each, including the choicest sorts, viz. :— Asters, Balsams, Calceolarias, Cyclamens, Pansies, Petunias, Phlox Drummondi, Primulas, Salvias, Stocks, Verbenas, &c. All seeds being of the best quality in small quantities, the packets must be regarded as economical, not cheap. We recommend our various collections of twelve varieties for \s. All kinds of VEGETABLE SEEDS, of best quality, by weight, and also in Penny Packets. Send for CATALOGUE, gratis (500 Illustrations). Save expense and buy a large selection in small packets. 50,000 GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS to be sold off at 51. per 100— grand bulbs. EXPIRATION OF LEASE WANTED AN OFFER Far Thousands or any Smaller Number .•— io,coo SPIRAEA PALMATA. lo.coo Green HOLLIES. 10 000 ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA and others. loicoo RETINOSPORA AUREA and others. 10 000 Dwarf ROSES, finest kinds. 10 000 GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS. 10,000 MAHONIA (Berberis) AQUIKOLIA. 10000 ERICA CARNEA, and sorts. ACER NEGUNDOVARIEGATA.afew hundreds. Maden PEACHES, NECTARINES, and APRI- COTS, a few hundreds. Thousands of other itiings on offer. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. FRUIT TREES, D. S. THOMSON k SONS Have to offer a fine stcck of healthy and well grown Dwarf- trained PEACHES, NECTARINES. APRICOTS, and PLUMS; also Dwarf-trained and Horizontal-trained APPLES and PEARS of the best kinds. Strong 3-yr. old ASPARA- GUS, selected roots, in large quantity. Seed POTATOS, Veitch's Improved Ashleaf and Magnum Booum, carefully selected. Samples, with price, on application. THE NURSERIES, WIMBLEDON. ASPARAGUS. This delicious vegetable does not require half the expense often incurred ; for direc- tions see SEED LIST, free. Strong roots IS. 6d. per 100 ; extra strong ditto, 2-yr., y. 6d. per 100 ; forcing, \2s. 6d. per 100. RICHARD SMITH & CO., NURSERVME.V and SEED MERCHANTS, WOBCESTER. ANTH EM I TINCTORIA var. pallida. The most beautiful of all the hardy Marguerites; flowers delicate sulphur- yellow, abundant bloomer. First-class for cuttiog, and should be grown (reely wherever cut flowers are in demand. 91^. each, Zs. per dozen. Carriage Jree. DANIELS BROS., The Town Close Nurseries, Norwl-lL GALADIUMS. SUPERB COLLECTION. Fine bulbs. Post free. i» du- tinct and beautiful varieties, 65. and lar. ; 12 choice and rare vaiieties, 2ii. ; 12 new and golden-leaved varieties, ^a \ 50, choice collection, 50 varieties, 6jj. ACHIMENES.— 12 distinct varieties, u. 6*/.; lado,, 3COTms of each 41.; 12 do , 6 corms of each, 7*.; 12 fjr exhibition, 13 cormsof each, 15J.; 100 corms in 50 vaiieties, iu.; loocorm* — 25 varieties, 13^. GESNERAS. — 12 varieties, 51. GLOXINIA. — 12 strong bulbs, 6j. ; 12 rare and beautiful, selected for exhibition, ios. 6d. and 21s. BEGONIAS.— Strong bulbs, beautiful collection, aw.; la uooamed, from choice strain, 6s., gs. E. G. HENDERSON & SON, PlNB APPLE NURSKRV, MaIDA VaLE. LoNDON, N.W. SEEDS. -SEEDS. - SEEDS. CHARLES TURNER'S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of New and Select Varieties of every Class of Seeds for the Garden, is now ready. THE ROYAL NURSERIES. SLOUGH. WILLIAM AITKEN & SONS, Norplain Nursery, Lenzle, N.B , Beg to intimate that they will be most glad to send their Descriptive CATALOGUE (Post free on apnlication) of CAR- NATIONS, PICOTEES, PINKS. PANSIES. DAHLIAS, PYRETHRUMS, PENT.STEMONS. &c. Also ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS, ROSES, &c. LAING'S BEGONIA TUBERS. All Good Tubers, just starting into Growih. Free by Parcels Post. CATALOGUES Gratis. Our owa Unrivalled Varieties. Named Sorts, per dozen, Singles :— A, 41s. ; B, 36s. , C, 30f. : D, 34s.: E, iSs. : F. ijj. Named Sorts, per dozen, Doubles : — H, 63^ ; S, 48s.; T, 42J. Unnamed S )rts, per dozen, Singles :— G, 21s. ; H, 181. : J., 15J. ; K, I2J. ; L. gs. For Bedding, per 100: — M, 401. ; N., 3Qr. ; O, 24s. Unnamed Sons, per dozen. Doubles :— W, 80s. ; X, 24J. ; Z, 18s. LAING AND CO.. Nurseries, Forest Hill. S.E. CARNATIONS. Strong SeedllnEf, from a splendid collection of choice named I flowers. All to bloom this year. ■ Per dozen, 2s. iid.; per loo, \y. DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. vecetable&flowerbeed: Seed Potatos-Toolsr^ JAMESDICKSON&SONS '^EED GROWERS. '^ ~ IOSEastgateSt, %ed//^r^yisi^ March 21, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE- 365 AMARYLLIS (SPREKELIA) GLAUCA. E. H. Krelage & Son, NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, AND ELORISTS, HAARLEM, HOLLAND, Have an extra large slock of this splendid bulbous plant, in very large bulbs, ready for sale just now. It is a parent of the well-known Jacobean Lily (Amaryllis formosissima), and has a similar brilliant red flower, which, however, is larger and less dark. It flowers easily and early, and the foliage usually is developed at the same time as the flowers. It can be cultivated in pots in the greenhouse or room, or in glasses, like Hyacinths. When planted in the open ground, in spring, it must be taken up before winter and kept dry and warm during its rest. In more temperate climates it can remain in the open ground duting winter. We olTer large flowering bulbs, delivered free to all the principal towns of Great Britain and Ireland, no charge fcr package : 25 bulbs, 7e. 6d. ; 5D bulbs. 12s. 6d. ; 100 bulbs, 20s. ; 250 bulbs, 453. , 500 bulbs, 80s ; 1000 bulbs, 150s. Discount to the Trade. Please send with Orders remittance in Post-bills or Cheques. Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities xlarities Barities Barities TO LOVERS OF HORTICULTURE Barities Barities NEW and BARE PLANTS. Barities Barities Bari'ies OUR SEED CATALOGUE OF Barities Barities "Floral Gems" Barities Barities Barities Embraces a L'st of Species not ff /■ und o fered in any ot^ier English Seed Catalogut ; and must cert-ii.M • e of much interest to all admirers of lovely, sweel-sceoted, and uncomm ■ blooms. In it are offered Seeds of — Barities Barities Barities BABE A^D BEAUTIFUL AftUATICS, Barities Barities BABE AND BEAUTIFUL ANNUALS, BAKE AND BEAUTIFUL BIENNIALS, Barities Barities BARE AND BEAUTIFUL CACTEiE, Barities Barities Barities Barities BABE AND BEAUTIFUL GRASSES, BABE AND BEAUTIFUL PEBENNIALS. Barities A copy ofwkic/i will be forwarded, ^atis and post-free, on application. Barities Barities Barities VICCARS COLLYER & CO,, Barities Barities Barities Importers of New and Rare Plants, Seeds, &c., Barities Barities CENTRAL HALL, LEICESTER, Barities (*here all Letters are to be addressed.) and Barities Barities CENTEAL NURSERIES, OLENFIELD, near LEICESTER. Barities Barities A. W. CREWS, Manager. Rarities Raritipfl Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities Barities SPECIAL NOTICK B. S. Williams Begs to invite all who are interested in Horticulture to an inspection of his large COLLECTION OF CYCLAMENS, ORCHIDS, CAMELLIAS, &c which are now in full bloom, and well worthy a visit. THE FINE COLLECTION OF AMARYLLIS AND IMANT0PHYLLUM3 In these Nurseries is now showing many hundreds of scapes, and there is a grand display ol bloom at the present time. A large House over 70 feet long is entirely devoted to their cultivation. VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. Carters' IN VICT A LAWN GRASS SEEDS, SE^DS CAUTION. -Carters' GraBs Seeds have never been beaten in any com- petition. The following Prizes have been won With CARTERS' GRASS SEEDS, &c. :— ONLY PRIX D'HONNEUR Amsterdam, ONLY GOLD MEDAL ONLY GOLD MEDAL GOLD PRIZE MEDAL ONLY COLD MEDAL ONLY PRIZE MEDAL ONLY GOLD MEDAL ONLY PRIZE MEDAL ONLY PRIZE MEDAL Amsterdam. . Hhaltheries, Melbourne, Paris, SVDNEV, Lima, London. Paris, 1S84. 1884. 1 8^0 .f78. 1879. 1872 ■ 8'4. 1867. CARTERS- INVICTA LAWN SEEDS., i Carters' Grass Seeds Carters' Grass Seeds Per Pound. Bu hel. J. d. s. d. 3 I for Town \ I Lawn^ I I for Cricket ) ( Giovinds ( Carters' Grass Seeds.. ' ^°l "^'"f^ \ ( Grounds t Carters' Grass Seeds..-' ^^ ','='"'' ' 25 Carters' Grass Seeds Carters' Grass Seeds -( Old Lawns I * for under ) "( Trees I ' J ■ ■ '5 " i for Pleasure ) '( Grounds I ' 3 ■• J5 o Sow 4 Bushels of Seed per Acre. All Parcels Carriage Free. For further particulars see Carters' Pamphlet "HOW to FORM a LAWN and TENNIS GROUND,'- Gratis and Post-free on application. ^ Seedsmen by Royal Warrant to His Royal Highness the PRINCE OF WALES. 237 2381 High Holborn, London, W.C. Fine Fruiting Vines. TjAUL and SON have to offer fine Canes of -L Black Hamburgh, Muscats. Foster's Seedling, Gros ST&B^t1rR?lsta'?;o^.°"' ^''-""■'-' P" "--■ AUo The "Old " Nurseries, Cheshunt. p E D R U S DEODAR A.- V^ Just arrived, guaranteed perfectly fresh seed. Price according to quantity on application to HY. CLARKE and SONS. Wholesale Seed MerchanU. 39. King Street. Coveot Garden, W.C. WILD FLOWERS OF NORTH AMERICA. «■ Our Most Desirable PERENNIAL PLANTS for Cultlvatlon-SEEDS, &c S3 "'"'lo Orchids, Ferns, Lilies, Aquatics, Alpine and Sub-Alpine Plants. Botanical and Common names given. Send for CATA- LOGUE. Epy^Rp GILLETT, Southwick, Mass., U.S.A. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES and ROSES. A large and select stock is now offered for sale. The lltustraled and Descriptive CA TALOGUE of FR Ul TS post-/ree. The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free. THOMAS RIVER S & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. NEW HARDY SWEET-SCENTED WHITE PASSION FLOWER, ''CONSTANCE ELIOTT" First-claBS Certificate, RHS. 1881. LUCOMBE, PINCE and CO., The Exeter Nursery, Exeter, will be prepared to send out thii Novelty in the Spriog of 1885. They have purchased the whole Slock from the raisers, Messrs. Fuller & Son, of Newton Abbott. Price 6s. each. A few extra-sized Plants, 10s. 6d. each. Temrs to (he Trnae on nfplj.aiwi. 366 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [March 21, 1885. A SPECIALTY. Rhododendrons and other American Plants, I Grown in Sandy Loam, A superb Collection of all the leading varieties in cultivation. Also thousands of RHODODENDRON PONTICUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverts. A Sample Dozen of well-budded Plants of tlie best varieties for 243. Larger Sizes, from 30s. to 423. per dozen. Prued LISTS on application. JOHN CRANSTON, KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD. SEED POTATOS Send for Descriptive Catalogue or" NEARLY ALL THE BE3T AND NEWEST VABIETIES IN COUmERCE, EITHER FOR EXHIBITION PURPOSES, OR FOR GARDEN OR FIELD CULTIVATION. LIBERAL TERMS to TRADE BUYERS. JOHN WATKINS, Fruit and Potato Grower, POMONA FARM, WITHINGTON, HEREFORD. PRIMULA, CRIMSON KING. The most splendid of all the crimson Primulas. Flowers of grand size and substance, and of the most intense and brilliant deep crimson-scarlet colour, with the most handsome foliage. _^, Per packet, 3^. 6d. and $s, DANIELS BROS , Royal Norfolk SeedEstabUslimeiit. NORWICH. SEEDS, VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM, Carefully Selected, AND FKOM WHICH M»Y BE EXKBCTEO THE BEST RESULTS EVKR VET ATTAINED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTSand NURSERYMEN, WO RCESTER. NEW SPRING CATALOGUES. The following CATALOGUES are now ready, and may be had upon application ;— HABDYPEBENNIAIiS, ILLUSTRATED. Thoroughly revised, contains many Plants not pre- viously offered, and includec nothing but x^vOo^ >^weather better direct rays of the sun, y^^^^ but admitting the >/\C\^ greatest amount j/^ Vv'^v of light attain- v/l%\ y^ =»l'y "sed on accoiuit of able through /^C^\* y^ the thickness of its texture, shading. y/^ ^^^ y^ during cold weather, to keep /T^ ^ j^ the frost out. R. Warnbr. Esq., •^^ y^ Broomfield, Chelmsford, has cm- »^SI^ yi< ployed this m.iterial for some years, ^ . \^ y^ ^^"^ speaks very highly of it, pronouncing ^^\^ y^ it to be the very best material for Orchids ' k^^^/ he has ever used. N^ y/^ Blinds jnade up and fixed co»tplete. Sold in pieces, 30 yards long by \% yard wide. Price 45s. each. Sample submitted. B. S. WILLIAMS, VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. Plants for the Season. CHARLES TURNER'S Descriptive CATALOGUE, conlaining some fine novelties as well as the choicest selections of established kinds, is now ready. The present ii the best time to procure plants of Carnations, Picotees, Cloves, &c., to ensure a good bloom. Plants are unusually fine this season. The Royal Nurseries. Slough. SPRING CLEARANCE SALE^ to avoid planliog. LILIUM AURATUM, SINGLE DAHLIAS. IRIS. GLADIOLI, BEGONIAS, and many olher Bulbs, wilh some choice Seeds, at greatly reduced rale;. Send for our Special Clearance LIST, No. 7"?. NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Lion Walk, Cokheslcr. 368 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 21, 1885. NATIVE GUANO. Extracts from the Ninth Annual Collection of Testinfionials from persons who have used this Manure for Farm and Garden Crops ;— K00T3, GRAIN, GRASS, &c. GEORGE STONE, Cishio Bridge Farm Watford. February ig, 1885. " Used for Swedes on plants at the rate of about 6 cwt. per acre. Resulu : I was very well satisfied, corsidering the long lime we wei« without rain ; the Swedes were quite as good or b-iiler than some in the same field with more expensive manures. 1 have used y ur Native Guano for Swedes and white Turoips, a- d have a very gooJ crop for ihe season. Kindly send me 3 tons at your earlie&t convenience, and oblige." JAMES KITLEY. Farm Steward to tlie Right Hon. Lord Defby, IVitleyPark, Haslemere, Jamtary 24. 1885. " Used for Tates, at the rate of 4 cwt. per acre. Results : Very good." ROBERT CRAWLEY, Cheiveston. itear Higham Ferrers. yanuary 29, 1885. " Used for Wheat, Oats, Barley, Clover, and grass, at the rate of from 2j^ to 5 cwt. per acre (according to the condition of the land, which was cold clav), with good results ; had quite 5 cwt. of hay more per acre. Your manure, if as good as last year's, is the best I have ever used, except guano. All other manures are land damagers— they doctor the land for a time, afterwards they require a physician." WM. GEO. 'E.lAAOTl^ Aston Abbotts, Aylesbury. February 5, 1885 " Used for Oats grown after seed Tares at the rate of 7 cwt. pir acre. Results: Very good; about \i% qr. per acre. Being grown against the road, it was generally remarked what a fine piece of corn it was, and I have no doubt will be the cause of several of my neighbours using it this season." J \MES SOMES, Baihff, Velden EUaie, Higliam Ferrers. February 3, 1885. "Used for Oats and roots, at the rate of 4 cwt. per acre for riots, and z cwt. for Oats, with farmyard manure. Results : Exceedingly good for crops, I was very pleased with your manure, and we ii.tend using it brgely this year." JOSEPH FRANKLIN, Scots^cve, Tiuime. February 18, 1885. "Used for £rass and Mangel Wurzel, at the rate of 6 to 8 cwt. per acre. Results : Very good. A. C. HILLS. MarstoH. Oxford. February 7. 1885. " Used for Mangel Wurzel, at the rate of 5 cwt. per acre, with plenty of ash. Results : A splendid crop. I think a lot of ash with the Guauo does a deal of good." J. SHRIMP rON, Great Hasely, Tetsworth. Oxford. February 5, 1885. " Used for Swedes and Turnips, without farmyard manure, at the rate of 4 cwt. mixed with ashes. Results: Gave good satisfaction, the Turnips being a very good crop indeed. The Swedes were a good plant, but owing to the dryness of the feason and severe attacks of blight did not finish up so well. I :hall be a cuf'lomer again this season." C. B^-ESOV, Clary Farm, Amersham. February 9, 1885. *' Used for Mangel at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. Results : Very good. I have given my opinions on your manure pre- viously." JOHN A. WILLIAMS, Alderminsier Lodge, Stratford on- Avon. January 26, 1S85. " My first experience with your manure has been confirmed during the past vear. It "^eems especially valuable and econo- mical when used ftr roots " POTATOS and KITCHEN CROPS. GARDEN VINES, STRAWBERRIES, LAWNS, FRUIT TREES and FLOWERS. G. WHEELER, Hmrne E>td. February 2. 1885. ' Used for Potatos at the rate of 16 cwt. per acre. Re .ults : Tubers much finer and quantity considerably larger than any other manures I ever tried. I consider your manure the best possible, as it supplies the tubers when most needed, without a tendency to rot them." JACOB ROBINSON, Beynm Green, Bury St. Edmunds. February 9, 1885. " Used for Potatos at the rate of 10 cwt. per acre. Results : Most satisfactory : no other m inure whatever used. My method of applying is to sow broadcast immediately in front of the hands engaged in mou'ding up." J. SMITH, Head Gardener to ihe Right Hon. Lord Rosebery^ Mentmore, Bucks. January 28. 1885. *' Used for Peas, Onions, Lettuce, Cabbages, Potatos, Turnips, and fruit trees. Results : Onions, a splendid crop ; other crops, where used, most satisfactory. As a surface-dressing I con- sider your Native Guano most useful. Peas seemed to deiivs much benefit from the dressing." JAMES DART, Gardener to t/ie Right Hon. Lord Carting- ford, K.P., The Priory, Chewton Mendip, Bath, February g, 1885. "The Native Guano I received from your fiim in 1884; instead of using it dry I used it as liquid in large tubs to p'ants of many sorts in pots; also Ro^es, Cucumbers, Marrows, and many other things, and I was quite satisfied with it." THOMAS HAMILTON, Gardener to the Right Hon. I 'iscount Hood, Lynivoody Sunningale, Ascot. January 28, 1885. "Used for Tomatos, Cucumbers, and soft-wooded plants in general. Results: Very good. As we had only a 2 cwt. bag, can- not bear testimony on a large scale ; but have no doubt for general purposes is very good." THOMASHENRYHILL, T/ie Garde ns.Durwards, U^itham. January 24, 1885. " Used for Potatos, Onions, Beet, and Carrots, at the rate of 8 cwt. per acre. Results : Very good indeed. I can report again on the excellency of your Native Guano. I use no other artificial manure. All I used it for did very well, considering the dry season we had." H. CAKEBREAD. Head Gardener to Sir Philip Rose, Bart., Rayners, Bu^ks. January 2S, 1885. "Used for Potatos, Peas, Beans, and all kinds of winter Greens, Vines, Peaches, and Pot Plants. Results : Satisfactory in all cases. Without doubt your Native Guano is a very stimulating manure, and especially for all green crops. I am of opinion, to thoroughly prove any kind of artificial manure on the same piece of ground, one row should be manured and the next left, i.e., every alternate row only done." JAMES SAYRRS. Gardener to Frank Sjwad. Esq., 'Flu Firs, Old Charlton, Kent. January 26, 1885. " Used for Peas, Beans, Potatos, Cabbage, Cauliflowers, Celery, Lettuce, Radish. Endive, Cucumbers, Tomatos, &c., and Fruit Trees, also Stove, Greenhouse, and Conservatory. j Results: Very satisfactory. I consider it a first-rate manure for alt these purposes. I think the Native Guano only requires to be better known to be much more largely used " E. S. WILES, The Gardens, Edgerote, Banbury. January 26. 1885. *' Used for Melons, Cucumbers, Peas, Onions, and Pot Plants. Results: Good on all— Melons, Cucumbers, Peas, and Pot Plants in particular. The Native Gumo supplied to me last year was very good, and as a cheap manure I highly recommend it." ISABELLA MECHI, The Limes, Earls Cohie. Essex. February, 1885 *' Used for all kinds ol vegetables, and voung fruit trees, wiih satisfactory results. On pot plants the effects are very m irked, producing a brilliant green foliage, and enabling them to resist greenfly. I have no doubt whatever of the fertilising qualities of Native Guano." Dr. CHAS. A. BURGHARDT, Delamere, Alderley Edge. Cheshire. February q. 1885. " Used for Peas, Cauliflowers, Strawberries, Cabbages, and grass. Quantity used : well dusted over surface for graw ; well dusted over surface and forked in for other cropj. Resu'ts : The Strawberries were excellent in quality and larger in sire than usual, the Peas and other vegetables were much improved by this manure, in fact the Brussels Sprouts were earlier and finer than I have seen them for some years. No other manure used on grass, ordinary farmyard manure on Strawberries, as I always have used it. I consider the minure you sent me mou excellent for grass, lawns are much improved by the use of it, the grass growing much quicker and having a much better colour than before." Col. the Hon. W. P. TALBOT, Glenhurst. EJter. January z-j, 1885. " Used for all sorts of fljwers, fruit, and vegetables, in and out of houses. I have used it principally on small patches of ground and in the houses in pots, but my gardener tells me he supposes about 10 cwt. to the acre. Kesutis : Very good ; won a great number of prizes at South Kensington, Richmmd, ard other shows with fruit, flDwers, and vegetables grown with it." General BOILEAU, Bognor. January 24, 1885. " Used for almost all garden croos, Peas. Beans. Lettuce, Asparagus, Tomatos, Carrots, Turnips, Salsify, &c.. Straw- berries. Results : Very good, with all vegetables, fruit, &c." WILLIAM APPLETON, Sipton, Slough Feb. 5. 1885. " Used for Strawberries at the rate of half a ton per acre, Results: Season very dry: not a fair I. Ul ; where used the Strawberries were more (ree from mildew." J. E, HAINSWORTH, /?^7yi*«?-)'. January 2<^, \%%\. " Used for Vines. Results : Great impn.vement. I think the manure good for many kinds of things— Roses, Geraniums. I have used it for Camelllias that have not b'oomed for a long time without repotting. Crops this year good : Peaches, Figs , Nectarines. It must be used with reason." W. PATERSON, Beech Grcz'e, Sydenham Hill. February g 1885. "Used for lawns, vegetables. Vines, flowers; grass thinly covered with the Guano (probably at half a ton per aciel. Results : Very satisfactory. Having used your Guano for twelve years, I have no hesitation in saying that it has always answered well, and that my gardeners say they could not do without it, more especially for my grass slopes and lawns." C. L. NICHOLSON, TItatclied House Club, St. James's, London. January 24, 1885. '* Used for lawn. Results : Excellent. Maiking out the area over which I used the manure, the crop of fine new grass com- pared most favourably with that portion of the lawn over which ordinary manure was applied. Our gardener desires a larger supply this season." A. MARGETSON, l-'ictor Road, Teddtngton. January 31, i88j. •' Used for Beet. Onions, Lettuce, Celery, Turnips, Endive, Roses, Pelargoniums, Primulas, Cinerarias, Tomatos. The results have been greatly to my patiifaciion, especially in cases of Roses. Beet, and Celery. I have tried all other manures, but, considering the price you charge, I shall recimmeud it to all my friends." At the Birmingham Show, 1884, Nineteen Prizes were tai 28 9 9i 8. 73 March 14 23 ■ o5 86 73 ,, 16 '7 III 84 66 ., 22 20 ICg 89 65 May 25 68 123 60 19 June 8 82 140 58 A-' ,. :<) 7! ■i3 60 33 Wy . .. .. fo '38 S8 30 Aug. 10 «4 ■31 67 T- Sept. 8 66 "4 58 57 „ 18 62 "4 62 66 Oct. 10 52 107 55 63 Nov. 4 3' 85 54 78 It is clear that the influence of the sun's rays in- creases with higher latitude, because the sun in summer rests above the horizon. * Aiiiialeit des Pkynlmlischm Cfniral Ol'servateriumt,St, Pelers/'ifr^, 1881. Now we come to the main point, viz., the effect of the direct solar heat on vegetation in the northern regions. In Novaya Zemlya the vegetation (consisting chiefly of herbaceous plants) is, in places exposed to the sun's rays (at the foot of the mountains), like an arctic flower-garden, the surface of the soil not being covered with grass, as is the case in the temperate regions. The flowers are here of a much greater size than the leaves. In this island, and even in Spitz- bergen, the snow disappears in summer by the action of the sun from hills exposed to its light ; but on Ben Nevis in Scotland, being a difference in latitude of more than 20°, the snow rests sometimes the whole year. In the Tundra of Siberia, on the declivities of hills sheltered from the winds and exposed vertically to the sun's rays, the same herbaceous vegetation, with its large, splendid-coloured flowers, is observed (Mid- dendorff, SibiriseJie Reise, bd. iv., th. i., p. 733), but this is not the case in plains where the sunlight in its horizontal direction cannot have so much influence on the vegetation of the frozen ground ; therefore these plains are in general really deserts, only covered with moss. Insolation is also the cause of the rich vegetation in some parts of the mountains in the temperate zone (Alps, &c.). Even in the most northern regions there may be a rich vegetation where the plants in sheltered localities are exposed to the sun. Parry (Attempt to Reach the North Pole) found the Scurvy grass (Cochlearia) on Walden Island under 80° 30' N. lat. in such a luxu- riant growth as he had never seen it before. Middendorfi' observed, under 74° 30' N. lat., on the borders of Lake Taimyr, in Siberia, on August 2, a temperatureof 52° in the shade, but a heliothermometet under glass placed in the sun's rays stood at 104° ; an uncovered one marked, in the sun, 70°. The pitch on his boat was not only melted by this temperature, but flowed (Middendorft", Sih. Seise, p. 657). But, as is the case also in lower latitudes, the greatest difference between the temperature in the shade and in the sun occurs in early spring. In June Middendorff was travelling in the Stanowoi Moun- tains, and saw a Rhododendron in full flower ; when he was about to gather some flowers of this plant he found not only the roots, but even the stem, frozen hard in the soil. The temperature of the air was between 54° and 43', but at night it was some degrees below freezing-point. The assertion of some botanists that the contents of the cells, as soon as they are frozen, make the latter burst, thus causing the death of the plants, has been already refuted by Niigel ; but the important ob- servations of Middendorff have showed clearly that the severest frosts of the Asiatic arctic region, by which the innermost parts of the trees are fiozen as hard as iron, hive little influence on the tissue when the cold becomes gradually more intense ; only when the tent- peraturc sinks suddenly Ifelo'o the freezin;^'point of the mercury the wood splits with a thundering noise. These crevices have a disadvantageous influence on the vegetation of the tree in summer, because in these places the plant often begins to rot. The trees rest in a frozen state till, in spring, the sun's rays reach the upper parts, and here vegetation is raised, though the roots and lower parts of the stem are still in a frozen state. But the most interesting discovery on this subject was made by Middendorff under 69° 30' N. lat., on April 14, near the village of Dutlino ; notwithstand- ing the clear sky and incessant brilliant light of the iun, the temperature at mid-day ranged from — 4" to — 13', yet beforeand after this time from — 24°to — 35°. While going over the glittering snow he was suddenly stopped by the sight of a Willow catkin peeping about an inch out of it. The catkin was wholly developed, yet the branch on which it was observed was, I or 2 inches down, solidly frozen ; this was also the case with the other parts of the plant hidden under the snow (Middendoflf p. 653). Thus this little part of a branch was called to life, for some hours only, by the direct solar rays, in which it was thawed. In the beginning of August, under lat. 74° 30', Middendorft" (ound the soil exposed to the sun's rays heated to 86', though the temperature about 4 i:)ches below the surface was only 39°, and at the- depth of about I foot the ground was constantly frozen (Middendorft', p. 666). It is clear that plants in the high northern regions, March 2t, 1SS5 ] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 373 when ihey vegetate, receive more warmth by insola- tion than is often supposed — l" by the direct solar light itself, and 2* by the heated surface of the ground. The snow and ice being melted by the sun, the neces- sary water and humid atmosphere never fail ; even this is the cause of the lururiant growth of grass on some places in the Tundra. The llowing water gradually con\municates its warmth to the soil, and prevents also the nightly radiation. All this is proof enough that, when the mean temperature in the shade is known, this is not at all sufticient for a knowledge of the real temperature by which the vegetation of several plants is raised. What might have been the temperature in the tissue of the little branch, and also in that of the Willow catkin, of which we have spoken ? and this when the temperature in the shade was so many degrees below freezing-point. In the temperate regions vegetation commences in spring, when the difference of temperature between night and day is greatest ; in the high north this d fi'erence is often insignificant, because the sun rests above the horizon ; but the temperature of the soil being at this time very much lower than that of the objects exposed to the sun's rays, even this great difference is the cause of the very rapid vegetation in sheltered localities and under the influence of the solar light.* In conclusion we must remark that the facts thus briefly mentioned show how much a new system of bio-meteoroIogical observations is wanted to ascertain the real quantity of warmth and sunlight necessary for the growth of plants, many of which are of the utmost importance in the life of man. M, Buysman. THE NOMENCLATURE OF ORCHIDS. Wk are now within a short period of time from the Orchid Conference, and one point that certainly deserves the attention of experts is the very important subject of naming. I have given a good deal of my time during the last ten or fifteen years to the study and the culture of Orchids ; and I have no hesitation in saying, that the most difficult part of the subject to grasp is the principle on which they are named. I have protested again and again, at meetings and else- where, against the practice of attaching specific names to what are undoubtedly merely the varieties of a species. To illustrate my meaning, let us take one of the most popular of all Orchids— Odontoglossum crispum. This was introduced in 1844, and named by Dr. Lindley, and the name well describes the character of the flowers. Some fifteen or twenty years subsequently it was renamed in this way : the white ground varieties, with scarcely any spotting, took the cognomen of O. Alexandrae, and the blush spotted form O. Bluntii. For several years these specific names were used indiscriminately, until Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea, exhibited the .plant under the name of O. crispum, not without some loudly expressed protests against the alleged irregularity of their proceedings. When the irre- gularity is traced to its source it must be placed on the shoulders of those who in ignorance gave the specific names of Bluntii and Alexandras to an Orchid which had already received its specific name, and that one descriptive of the character of the flower. Keeping to the same genus, it is well known that there is considerable variety in the ground colour and also in the spotting of O. Rossii. A year or two ago one with quite a pale yellow ground was sold at Stevens' rooms. The same form has flowered in other places. I saw it very fine at Messrs. Shuttle- worth and Carder's, Clapham Road, lately, under the specific name of O. aspersum. No one, I take it, has any doubt of it being merely a form of O. Kossii, why then make another species of it ? Again, who is responsible for the specific name, O. Hrubyanum ? It is not a distinct species, but a white form of O. cirrosum. A correct and descriptive name for it would be O. cirrosum var. alba. We have also been told during the last few years that the scarce plant, O. nrevium majus is not correctly named, and that the true 0. nxvium majus is a plant of the gloriosum type, of no great beauty, and of very little value _ * In 50° N. lat., on the banks of the Amur River, where the situation with regard to the ground-ice in spring is the same as in ihe Taimyr country. Nasturtium and Calamagrostii plants were observed to grow about half a foot every day (see Beitrd^e zur Kenntniis dir RussUchen Reic/tes, band xxiii., pp. 547, 617). commercially. So greatly have even our best cuhi- vators been led astray over the Odontoglossum no- menclature, that the name of O. crispum is not used at all in the last edition of the Orchid Groioers Manual ! O. Bluntii is given as probably a variely of O. Alexandr-Tj. Let the specific name of any Orchid be decided once for all [if possible] : the rule ought then to be that no merely varietal form of it should be called by a specific name. [Our corre- spondent overlooks that these are matters of degree, dirterently appreciated by ditTerent people. Ed J I am not suie whether there is not greater confusion in the Dendrobium genus. Referring to my notes of the last committee meeting at South Kensington, I find D. heterocarpum album received a First-class Certificate. The first name given to this plant was D. aureum, and yet some authors give it as a synonym olD. heterocarpum. V^ixioD's £o/anica/ Du/ioitaiy says that D. aureum was introduced from Ceylon in 1S36, and D. heterocarpum from Khooseea in 1S37. This sets the matter at rest as far as the original name is concerned. D. heterocarpum album would do very well, but if, as it ought to be, the original name is D. aureum, then some other name than album should be given to the white form. D. moniliforme, D. macro- phyllum, and even the very recent D. philippinense, will require to be correctly named. The last is some- times given as a species, and at other times as a variety of heterocarpum, which is itself nothing more than a synonym of D. aureum. I quite agree with Mr. De B. Crawshay, that the Orchid Conference should be "kept going all the year round." It is impossible to do any real good unless this plan is adopted. Most of us remem- ber the interesting lectures given by Mr. Bate- man on Orchids at the bi-monthly meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society. Such lectures might have very easily been developed into con- ferences. When the Orchid Conference announced for May 12 and 13 has been held, the lack of material for illustration will be painfully felt. The winter, early spring, late summer, and autumn flowering Orchids will not be seen at it. It will certainly be an arduous undertaking to hold a Conference twice a month on Orchids, but it will have to be done, and "Where there's a will there's a way." The season for Daffodils is practically a short one, and the Conference at the height of the season brought in nearly the whole of the genus. In the case of Orchids there is not one genus, but many, and not a third of them could possibly be brought in on any given date. y. Douglas. AMARYLLIS AT J. VEITCH AND SONS', CHELSEA. The Amaryllis-house at Messrs. Veitch's nursery is just now literally illuminated with bloom, there being over 1400 flower-spikes, and these will give a magnificent succession of bloom for some time. This number does not nearly represent all that are to flower, as there are over 2000 flowering bulbs to bloom this season. A great many bulbs are in flower for the first time just now, and from amongst the most noticeable of these we have selected the follow- ing : — The Climax, a very fine large flower, from S to 9 inches across, with petals of fine substance, of a very deep crimson-scarlet ; Navarino, fine form, scarlet, with green eye ; Jason, white, flower of good sub- stance, deeply feathered with scarlet ; Correggio, very floriferous, vivid crimson-scarlet ; Glencarn, finely formed, deep scarlet flower, streaked green and white ; Lord of the Isles, vivid scatlet, without any eye, distinct ; Charmer, claret, streaked with white ; Dunholme, bright scarlet, greenish-white star, large flower ; Euripides, finely shaped white flower, with reddish-purple markings ; Valida, a very brilliant scarlet ; Otranto, claret, with white central bands and deep central spot ; Mark Tapljy, greenish-white star, tipped with bright red ; Picotee, creamy-while, with a narrow distinct crimson edging, very distinct ; Roderigo, brilliant scarlet, with a white band in petals ; and Helvetia, crimson-lake, wiih pure white flakes, very distinct and pretty. Other choice varie- ties conspicuous amongst the forest of spikes are Royal Standard, Princess Ida, Sir Redvers Buller, James Douglas, Clatinda, Ceres, Empress of India, "Chelsoni, and Lady of the Lake, fine flowers that have been seen at various times and duly noticed in these columns. The display is none the less pleasing on account of the health and vigour of the plants. FUCHSIAS. The illustration at p. 209 of Mr. Lye's magnificent Fuchsias may well prove instrumental in inspiring some other gardeners — younger ones especially — to strive to imitate the champion of the West in the cultivation of one of the most elegant and beautiful of all green- house plants. Though it is not all who can grow such big plants— at least very many may produce handsome specimens of medium size and exceeding beauty — plants that would prove of the greatest value for house decoration, if unable to display their charms at flower shows. We find in many gardens {and flower shows give ample evidence of the same) I hat easily grown foliage plants, especially Ferns and Palms, are preferred to those beautiful flowering plants which need some patience and skill to produce really good specimens. Almost any one may have these elements of greenery for the asking, they grow so freely and with so much ease. For those reasons it should be the aim of framers of flower show schedules to repress such effusive tastes for ordinary forms of foliage, by making the prizes of moderate amounts, whilst those for classes of flowering plants — Fuchsias especially — should receive more than ordinary en- couragement. There are many so-called first-class shows about the country, at which one plant, much less a dozen of such Fuchsias as Mr- Lye grows, is seldom, or perhaps never, seen. Now that those grand plants have been so widely illustrated, perchance show com- mittees may make an effort to promote and encourage high-class Fuchsia culture. In describing the excellent travelling capacities of Mr. Lye's plants, stress is laid upon the careful lying which they receive. That is, of course, one im- portant element in successful culture for exhibition, but still something is due to varieties that by reason of habit travel well ; indeed, some kinds retain their bloom much better than others ; hence are always better travellers. But very much is due also to the short-jointed, hard, and very floriferous growth pro- moted in the plants by exposure to the full light of the sun and free circulation of theair. It wasamost fortunate circumstance, after all, that the grand specimen plants illustrated were not photographed at the exhibition as originally intended, as then some admirers would, perhaps, refuse to admit that such splendid fellows could have been grown in the open air. That the jiiclure presents them really in their outdoor summer quarters is proof positive that the sun and air have been potent agents in their production. I remember many years since going into a garden in the New Forest, and seeing there plunged into a big bed of leaves a number of fine young pyramidal Fuchsias, which, in 2 inch pots, were developing into noble plants. The position was full south, with a belt of trees behind breaking the force of strong winds. The plants were occasionally turned, that the sun might play upon each side and thus produce what is so essential in a good pyramid, evenness and symmetry. That was an idea in Fuschia culture which I found later to be of good service, although I could not command beds of leaves, I managed to find ashes, for in those days that useful article cocoa-fibre refuse had not been introduced to gardens. It is so long since that I have almost for- gotten the names of the kinds then in vogue, but cer- tainly none equalled in excellence those fine sorts which Mr. Lye has sent out. Not a few of the old Fuchsias were obstinately indifferent to form and symmetry, and only with exceeding difficulty could be made shapely ; therefore any sorts that were specially amenable to training through the mere act of pinching were held in the highest esteem — they are so still, and such kinds are always the most free to bloom. Cuttings put into sandy soil and in pots in the autumn soon made roots, and at the beginning of the winter were shifted into 6o's singly, though not materially assisted with heat. At the commence ment of the next spring, shifted into 48's, and given a temperature of 50°, the plants soon made strong growth, and the moment bloom displaj'ed itself at the points the shoots were pinched, and new shoots promoted. The next shift was into 24V, using good loam mixed with old Cucumber-bed manure and leaf soil. By this time the plants were some 2 feet in height, supported with one stake for the main stem, and from the base well furnisheii with growth, but not a bloom-bud was permitted to develope. The plants were now large enough to be plunged in a bed of ashes in a somewhat sheltered place outdoors, and here encouraged to make reneweil 374 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 21, 1885. growth and fill the pots with roots, the plants being turned occasionally and kept well pinched. It is of the very first importance m the building up of a good pyramid plant that the leader shall never become bare of side shoots, hence the moment bloom-buds appear the leader must be pinched or stopped below these bloom-buds, and a fresh leader formed from the next leading shoot. Presently the plants needed a shift into 9-inch or lo-inch pots, according to size ; and thus, with constant attention in the matter of pinching for a few more weeks, very perfect specimens, ranging from 4 to 5 feet in height, were formed, which became through the autumn months pyramids of bloom. As the pots filled with roots weak manure- water was applied, but when stopping ceased and bloom was encouraged the soakings of liquid-manure, obtained from horse-droppings, were given twice a week. These plants, kept henceforth in a cool posi- tion, would bloom superbly for some two months. Stored in winter, just as Mr. Lye keeps his, and so cut back in the spring, and either shaken out and repotted or liberally top-dressed, these specimens would increase in height and breadth and make very fine plants for show during the following summer. If Art will build up the frame of a specimen. Nature will soon do the rest. A. D. ALPINE PLANTS. Dryas octopetala, L. — This is one of the most graceful of the plants of the Alps. It is called "Swiss Tea," because the population of the alpine cantons make a drink from it which with them takes the place of tea. It occurs everywhere in the region of the Alps, but it seems to prefer more particularly calcareous soils. It is hardly to be found above 7200 feet in elevation, and its inferior limit appears to be about 4900 feet. Some horticultural books, on account of its generic name, say that this species grows in the woods, but this is a complete error. It is never found in the shade, but always exposed to the rays of the sun, and on a stony soil, frequently limestone. Often it is found on rocks most exposed to the sun, and where the rays penetrate into the fissures. It continues in bloom a long time in the Alps, and its clusters, which extend so as to form a carpet on which one may lie down, have flowers nearly all the summer. The shining green of its foliage, white and tomentose underneath, the graceful form of the crenate and dentate leaves, produce a pleasing impression on the traveller who visits the Alps ; but when the immense tufts of dwarf pro- cumbent verdure are covered with flowers, each like a small wild Rose without its thorns, the effect is very striking. One cannot help plucking some of them, and what traveller is there who has not wished to lay himself down to rest on these inviting tufts ? Unfortunately these plants throw out suckers, and extend so much over the ground that it is impossible to take them away ; they are too laree, and will not toot again. If success is desired in the transplanta- tion, the young runners in the dry beds of torrents, on stones, or in the fissures of the rocks, must be chosen. It is difficult to obtain all their roots, but if they are taken in autumn they generally succeed, and flower the following summer. When they are collected in summer it is preferable to take them from a fertile soil, and surrounded with green turf or other plants, so that the soil may be kept round their roots. It is too dry here (Geneva) just now to permit transport and transplantation of runners taken from a sandy soil, loosened by the roots, on account of its want of consistence. In autumn this inconvenience does not exist, and, more- over, there is the advantage of being able to transplant the Dryas with all their roots, which are much easier obtained in a sandy soil than in any other. The Dryas should be placed in a calcareous rock- work, in the sun, and in large and deep pockets, of which the bottoms should be filled with limestone, so as to secure perfect drainage. The soil should be peaty, rich in humus, but not heavy. Use one-third loam, one-third leaf-mould, and one-third peat and sand. The plant in the Botanic Garden of Geneva mea- sures nearly a metre in diameter, and has only been on the rocks about six years. Under cultivation the Dryas flower as freely as in the Alps, but they do not produce the same effect, because their Sowers do not appear all at once, but succeed each other all over the tuft from May i to the end of November. The seeds I collected in the Botanic Garden were not fertile, and I have never been able to raise seed- lings from them. Last September I sowed a pot with seeds of Dryas collected some days before on the Jura, and they germinated in about eighteen days. I believe that the seed is the best means to employ to raise the plants. H. Correvon, Jardin dWi climatation^ Gentn'a, CATTLEYA LAWRENCEANA. We give in fig. 68 as accurate an appearance of the bulbs and leaves, and in fig. 69 the actual size and form, and such indications of the superb colour- ing as is possible in a woodcut, of this fine introduc- tion from the hitherto unexplored region, Roraima, in British Guiana, the full description of the flower, foliage, and bulbs having been given in our last number, p. 33S. A large consignment of this splen- FlG. 68.— CATTLEVA LAWRBNCHANA. did new species will be sold on the 26th inst., by order of Mr. F. Sander, the enterprising importer, by Mr. Stevens, at his rooms in King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. THE ELECTRIC LIGHT AND THE GROWTH OF PLANTS. In conversation with Mr. Isaac Buchanan, one of the best known florists of New York, this subject came up, and he stated that his observation inclined him to believe that when plants were used for decor- ative purposes in rooms where the electric light was used instead of gas, they seemed to have all the health and vigour as if growing under the light of a conservatory. He furthermore said that he had long ago observed that on moonlight nights there was always a better development of the flowers of Camellias and Roses during the winter months than when there was no moonlight. Hence he inferred that light, no matter how obtained, was beneficial to the growth of plants. This opinion from such an authority as Mr. Buchanan, who is well known to have had nearly half a century's experience, and who has always been a close observer, is certainly worthy of great attention. It is well known to all cultivators that the greater the amount of sunlight the greater will be the develop- ment of the flowers. We all know that in the dark days of December and January the growth develop- ment of Rose buds, Carnations, &c., is less than half of what it is in the months of March and April, when the days have lengthened, and the increased sunlight gives nearly twice the amount of light. Few com- mercial florists have the means or time for such ex- pensive experiments as would be necessary to deter- mine whether the use of the electric light in forcing flowers and fruit in greenhouses during winter could be profitably employed. It is a matter of sufficient importance, it would seem, for the Agricultural Department at Washington to take hold of. For be it known that the gardening industry now in the forcing of vegetables, fruits, and particularly flowers, has millions [of dollars] of capital invested in it throughout the land, and gives employment to tens of thousands of men ; and if Nature can be aided by this wonderful electric light it will be a leap forward that the discoverer might well be proud of. Peter Henderson, in the ^* Scientific American,*' COLONIAL NOTES. A Day's Ride in Natal. — It is an old saying, that " What can be done at any time is seldom attempted," and so I have deferred till now to say a few words about the plant-life of Natal — a tempting topic, for we have a rich and varied flora, and about which one rarely reads aught in the pages of gar- dening journals. It is midsummer with us, and work in the nursery — always pressing — is very urgent just now. Often I have wished to ride up to Howick and see the Um- geni Falls — for they are a fine sight, and such a contrast to the everyday routine of work. At last, one fine summer morning, I started on horseback, and alone, just as the rising sun peered over Table Moun- tain, which lies about 15 miles east of Pieter-Maritz- burg. It had rained heavily the night before, and as I cantered slowly down the long street the Syringatrees — Melia azedarach — laden with their purple flowers, shook out their heavy perfume. Taking the Town Bush Valley road, and passing field upon field of Tuberoses, each pushing up its snow-white spike, the town was left behind, and after an hour's uphill ride I reached the dense bush — the object of my visit. Dis- mounting here, and turning the horse loose to graze, I, prone on the grass, tried to take a little rest. But what are these handsome large orange- coloured flowers peeping out of the thicket beside that spring ?— Clivea (Imantophyllum) miniata, no less ; and now I see many more, varying a good deal in colour and choice of site, often growing on rocks, stones, and mossy trees. Sela- ginella denticulata forms a green carpet under the shade of a handsome Tree Fern, some 8 feet high — Cyathea Dregii ; and here, too, is Begonia Dregii, B. geranoides, a very handsome dwarf white- flowering species ; and another Begonia, undescribed in Harvey and Sender's Flora, with orange-red flowers and reddish stems and leaf-stalks, said to make a good preserve. Lower down, by the edge of the stream, grows Osbeckia Umhiasiana, not unlike a Lasiandra, with its rich purple flowers and golden stamens. 'Alongside is a thicket of Thunbergia natal- ensis, with flowers dull purple in colour. A few trees in bloom take one's attention. Syzygium cor- datum, resembling a Eucalyptus, covered with heads of white blossom ; Kigelia pinnata, which looks strange from the pale red flowers springing direct from the old trunk ; a Cussonia, with its handsome palmate leaves and stiff, candelabrum- like spikes of greenish flowers ; a few bushes of Ochna atro-purpurea, with its black and crimson fruit ; and a Pavetta, with its handsome white flowers and exserted style. Wandering a little higher up I chanced on Lisso- chilus speciosus, a very handsome terrestrial Orchid, with a flower-spike about 2 feet in height, sepals brown, petals bright yellow, ij— 2 inches across, pseudobulbs 3 inches long. Many other terrestrial Orchids were growing near. A Disa, like a fiery jet, some 3 feet high, crowded with small orange- yellow flowers ; another species has white petals, rose-tipped ; a beautiful Eulophia, orange, with rich brown lip ; and another, with golden-yellow March 21, 1S85.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 375 Sowers in a dense head. We have many Orchids besides these, but unluckily there is no work describing them, or, in fact, any endogenous flower- ing plants native to this country. Here is run- ning water, springs gushing out all over the hillside, and overhanging the water Montbrelia Pottsii grows abundantly, its handsome red-yellow spikes rising and falling with every breath of wind. Here, too, are Streptocarpus parviflorus, and another species with small light purple flowers and one leaf, which often grows to a huge size — 2 feet across. But the sun is climling higher — high time we were on our way. So onward and upward ; for Howick is 1000 feet higher than Maritzburg, which again is 2600 feet above the sea. Passing along on the out- skirts of the bush, I notice Littonia modesta, so like a Gloriosa in habit, with its six-parted yellow perianth. grassy plains on either side ; more flowers peep out of the grass— Hypoxis latifolia, with bold funnel-shaped flowers ; H. elata, with long narrow leaves, flower large, handsome, bright yellow ; Dietes Huttoni is in seed, for it is our earliest spring flower, flowering in October when the summer rains begin, followed by a beautiful scarlet Cyrtanthus, called the Flame Lily. Dotted over hill and dale like Mushrooms is a flower resembling a single white Petunia, a species of Cycnium : many Asclepiadei^ grow here, some re- sembling a Hoya, one in particular, with huge clusters of green flowers might be a Lagarinthus, another with a huge Turnip-like root and small purple Bowers of peculiar structure is a Rapbionema ( Thcsarus Capcnsis^ t. 66). Gladioli are plentiful and many other Irids. After a long climb I gain the bill-top, and am but until lately was unable to determine it. To give an idea of how little is known about our native plants a man— I should say a nurseryman — whom I asked regarding the last-named plant, he, having seen it, referred it to Gaultheria ! — though how he came to this conclusion it would puzzle any one to say. In the valley beneath the Zwartzkop a Crinum is plentiful, like C. Forbesianum, but the anthers are black. On the Umlass River I have seen the river valley a mass of colour, caused by the vast quantities of Crinums growing there — some pure white, some pink flushed, and others banded with red ; they are superb flowers. Now we are nearing Howick : in one spot the ground is pink with the Rowers of a large bulb, perhaps a Erunsvigia ; here and there grows Fentanisia variabilis, one of the Rubiacese, with deep blue heads of flowers. Richardia macu- Fig. 69.— cattleya lawkenceana. (see p. 374.) Sandersonia aurantiaca is also seen with its campanu- late yellow flower. Conspicuous amongst the green leafage is Sparmannia africana, a snow-white mass ; also Polygala variegata, erect with spikes of purple bloom. Here, too, is Leonotis leonurus, with dense whorls of bright orange flowers ; Burchellia capensis in full bloom. Underneath these bushes is a very ele- gant thing which looks like Adiantum sethiopicum, but turns out to be a Thalictrum, perhaps T. rhynco- carpum (see Gardeturs^ Chronic le^ January 22, 1884, p. 22), remarkable when in seed, each single fruit hanging by a long hair-like thread. The flowers are very small and inconspicuous. A huge bulb grows plentifully here with a long spike of flowers and pink stamens — Drimya altissima ; and scrambling over the bushes is a Clematis, C. bracteata, I think; also a singular bulbous-rooted leafless climber, Bowia volu- bills. At last I gain the high road, with boundless rolling nearly level with my destination. About 4 miles to the left is Zwartzkop, a flat topped hill towering some 2000 feet. Many fine plants grow on the top — Greyia Sutherland!, with trunks 3 feet through and 15—20 feet high ; other things handsome and unknown to me. On the eastern slope I once found Cyrtan- thus lutescens and another plant, of which I wish to say a few words. It is one of the Compositas, sub- tribe Mutisiacese, a stemless perennial, radiate- flowered herb, with the habit of a Gazania ; leaves oblong- lanceolate : flowers 14 — 2 inches across, of a rich bright scarlet colour. I take it to be Gerbera auran- tiaca {ft, Capensis, vol. iii., p. 523). Dr. Harvey describes it as " a very handsome species," but dried specimens, which probably he had before him when describing the plant, give a poor idea of the living thing. Growing amongst grass on dry fully exposed hill-sides it might be treated in cultivation as a Gazania, I have known this plant for a long time, lata is common, and more rarely a beautiful little golden Sedge. At last Howick comes in sight, a straggling village interspersed with plantations of trees consisting of Eucalypti and Acacias. Putting up my horse at the inn I make for the Falls, a few yards distant. The Umgeni River here makes one leap from the table land above down a huge cleft in the rocks some 360 feet perpendicular. Scrambling down a rough path strewn with boulders I reached the water edge below. Truly it is a fine sight, the white rill of ever-falling water with its everlasting roar, the vapour mists curl up, and are lost in the blue sky. Near the bank grows a fine yellow Irid. much like Dietes Huttoni, and at the base of the cliff' are vast quantities of Richardia africana, their snow- white spathes delighting in the cool moist air. Near by Haemanthus natalensis is very plentiful, with its huge head of yellow stamens and red-brown spathes. High overhead, struggling for life in the seamy rock. 37^ THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 21, 1SS5. is Agapanlhus umbellatus, together with what looks likeasmanyellow-floweted Aloe. Many other plants are seen, but not being in Bower I could not name Ihem. But the sun 15 gelling lower, and will soon sink behind the far-di=tant Drakensberg, so I scramble up to the top again, noticing many Zamias, from one-leaved seedlings to ancients standing 6—8 feet high, with a vast crowd of spreading fronds atop 10—12 feet across; each leallet has but one spine. It is a long climb up, laden as I am with sundry roots and bulbs. The mist is coming up from the sea, and the evening shadows fall thick and fast. Now for a 12 mile ride home. Neaiing town I hear the cricket's shrill cry, the frogs croak loud and incessantly, the lire-flies dar.ce and gleam, and the night air is heavy with Orange and Tuberose perfume : the holidiy is over. R. W. Adlam, Fitter- Marilzburg, Kdlal. ORWELL LODGE, IPSWICH, This, the residence of R. C. Ransome, Esq , of the famous engineering firm of Ransome, Sims & Jefferies, is pleasantly situated on the Stoke hills, the pleasure ground in front of the house opening out in a deep gorge, well broken up to the right and left, where on high knolls there are bold clumps of trees, and running sharp down into the park-like meadows below, over which a splendid view of the picturesque river Orwell, with its well wooded banks, is obtained. The kitchen garden and plant and fruit houses lie in a hollow, open to the south-east, and are, therefore, well sheltered on the northern side, but though this is so it is found, as is usually the case in low-lying places, that the late frosts in spring often cut oft the fruit blossoms. The Pears and Apples, which are planted along the sides of the walks, are mostly trained in the pyramid or bush forms, the whole of the trees being very clean and well set with bud. The main range of houses is in four divisions, three being devoted to the growing of Grapes, and the other is used as a stove, and has in it a mixed collec- tion of Orchids and other plants. In two of these houses the Vines are quite young, and are planted near the back wall, up which they are led with clear stems 8 or 10 feet high, and then under the hipped roof, and on down the front, which is steep. The Vines were breaking very strong at the ends, and were showing fine bunches of fruit. The sorts in the middle division are Mrs. Pince and Muscat of Alexandria, the former of which Mr. Mundey, the gardener, colours well by keeping the foli.ige healthy, and giving plenty of air. In the end house the sorts grown are Raisin de Calabre and White Tokay, with the latter of which Mr. Mundey was first at the Ipswich and East of England Autumn Show, the bunches being large and compact, with fine berries of a rich amber tint ; and as this sort has done so well, and is so superior in flavour to the Raisin de Calabre, it is intended to work the one on the other. The object in making the border inside, and plant- ing and training the Vmes in the way referred to, was to give them as wide a root-run as possible, as they can go out under the front wall, where the ground is on the same level, but soon recedes rapidly, and the wisdom of the arrangement so far is shown in the success attending it, and the great strength of the rods. In the Hamburgh-house the Vines are old, but still very healthy, one of Wilmot's, with a large stem, filling a good deal of space, the canes being carried up to the top and down again according to convenience, and to have them where wanted for covering the roof. The stove at the end contains some fine Orchids, and among them a very superior variety of Oncidium Ktameri in full flower, and two distinct kinds of Cattleya Tiianie, the one being pale, and the other nearly as highly coloured as C. labiata. Abutting on this range, and leading from it, is one of Sir ]. Paxton's patent houses— a span-roofed] structure, the centre bed being filled by large Camellias in tubs, and the rest of the floor-space around them being occupied by mixed greenhouse plants, the side stages were filled with Pelargoniums, Cyclamens, Primulas, Cinerarias, and other soft-wooded subjects in flower. The chief collection of Orchids is grown in a light low span-roofed house, parallel to the one just mentioned, and has a pathway down the centre, with 4-feet beds on each side, made up of chalk, covered with a thick layer of loose shingle, from which cool bottom pleiiy of moisture is constantly rising. The first plants to attract notice on enter- ing were the Ccelogyne crislata, owing to their fulness of flower, one in a 4S-sized pot having no less than seven spikes, and o;hers were equally fine in proportion. Among the OJontoglossura Alexandra: one variety stood out most cori- spicuously as being exceptionally fire, and in this Mr. Ransome has a gem, as it is very rare indeed such are met with at sales, at one of which I was told this one was bought. The Dendrobes, of which there are some ten or twelve kinds, were remarkable for the hard short-jointed growth they have made, which is owing to Mr. Mundey's treat- ment in giving so much light and air, and keeping a low temperature, for in the middle of February, the time of my visit, the thermometer stood below 60°, and air was coming in freely through the roof ventilators, as could 1 e seen, as well as felt, by the movement of the spikes of bloom on the Orchids, which were waving about. At the end of the Orchid- house is a small stove, in which was a fine pot of Eucharis which had had twenty spikes of flower on it, and looked equal to produce that number again. Plenty of drainage, with good loam, peat and sand, and not much water during the winter, are the secrets of Mr. Mundey's success with this, one of the most useful of all hothouse plants. The Rose-house is a low lean-to structure, and stands by itself, the floor and staging at the back being occupied with Roses m pots, and a Marechal Niel in the border, showing hundreds of blooms, under the roof. J . Sheppard. three weeks without injury, but under such circum- stances they must not grow ; too high a temperature and too much moisture would then very much damage the plants. I believe that such protection is a far better means of keeping up a suitable temperature than driving the fires, for, as I have already remarked, very hot pipes in cold weather are very liable to dry the plants and scorch the more delicate leaves, as well as to favour the development of ihcips and red-spider. The best kind of protective covering is made of frames like light sashes, with straw fixed over them instead of glass. The straw can be readily kept in its place by nailing battens of wood over its ends and in the middle of each layer. The straw must be placed like thatch, and the lower ends of the straws above must overlap the upper ends of those below. No covering should rest immediately upon the glass, as when it becomes wet it will do little to protect the plants below, for the drying of the covering will tob the house of heat very rapidly. Bast mats are not nearly so effective as straw, if the latter is properly arranged on frames— and this is especially the case when the mats are allowed to rest upon the glass. They are also far more difficult to manage. The same frames which are used for blinds in summer may be readily used for straw in winter if the stowage of two sets of frames is inconvenient. A few shillings expended in such frames will amply repay the amateur by saving both fuel and labour as well as by relieving him of all the anxiety attendant on a severe frost. B. T, L. {To be continued.} ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS. {Continued from p, 347) Shading.— Shading by means of blinds is very necessary during the summer, indeed blinds are needed from the end of April, or even earlier, until the end of September. Many growers, to save trouble, paint the glass over on the outside with a mixture of starch, plaster of Paris, and water— plaster of Paris, I lb. ; starch, 6 oz. j make a milk with water and add water until the mixture measures half a gallon. This may be painted on to the glass, and forms a good shade. There is, however, this great objection to its use— it cannot be removed after the sun ceases to shine on the house nor in dull weather. I use this mixture for the windows at the south end of my house, but prefer thin blinds of tiffany, which are easily removed as a shade lor the roof. The tiffany should be stretched on light wooden frames provided with hooks to fix them to the upper part of the roof, as tiffany does not roll well and canvas keeps out far too much light. Light. Although few Orchids bear the strong sun when they are growing or flowering all want as much light as it is possible to give them, and many fail to flower from an insufficiency of light. There can be no doubt that the distance of the glass from the plants seriously affects their growth. The nearer they are placed to it the better they grow and the more likely they are to produce flowers. This has been a puzzle to me for years, for it does not seem easy to understand why the light should be more powerful near the glass than at a distance from it, unless the loss is due to the shade of the rafters, and if these are properly constructed they should not diminish the light very much. I have often thought that the better growth near the glass is due to a freer circulation of air, and to the fact that the heat is more intense there in the day, and less at night than in other parts of the house. Whatever the explanation may be, there is no doubt of the fact, that proximity to the glass favours the growth of all flowering plants, but with Orchids it is necessary to remember that many plants suiter from cold at night if they are too near the glass ; we must, therefore, put them as near as possible, always remembering that those species to which cold is fatal should not be too near it, especially in the cold nights of winter and spring. Covering the Glass. 1 have seen flower-buds destroyed by cold when they have been allowed to remain within an inch or two of the glass. Some Orchids, especially Odontoglossums and Oncidiums, never flower if too far removed from the glass. In very cold weather, when the Orchids are resting, light is of far less importance, and I am in the habit of protecting mine by covering the whole roof, or even the side lights, with straw and matting. Sometimes they have been covered in this way for JhE pF(OPAQATOR. — « — • THE PROPAGATION .\ND CULTURE OF ALOC.\SL\,S. We intend for the present to restrict ourselves to a description of the various ways of multiplying the following varieties, viz., A. Chelsoni, A. gigantea, A. hybrida, A. intermedia, A. Lowii, A. metallica, A. Sedeni, A. Thibautiana, A. Veitchii, A. zebrina, and A. longiloba. Cuttings. One of the methods of propagating these varieties is by cutting out what is called the crown of the plant, and putting it in as a cutting. In making the cutting care should be taken to cut ij inch of the main stem with it. They can be potted into small 48-sized pots, but the soil should be pressed firmly around the cutting, at the base of which a little sand should be placed. Further on we have a few special remarks to offer as to potting, so it will not be neces- sary to give any directions here. A stick should be placed to each cutting, which should be securely tied to it, and after having been watered with a fine-rose pot they can be put into a cutting case upon a brisk bottom-heat. If the case is not deep enough to stand the cuttings upright they can be laid down upon their sides or tilted, provided they are moved to a diflerent position every two or three days, otherwise they will grow crooked and deformed. The lights of the cases should be taken off for an hour both in the morning and at night, but an inch of air should be left on all night, at the same time the cuttings should be sprinkled with a fine-rose pot. They should also be shaded from the sun's rays. When the cuttings have rooted more and more air should gradually be given them during the few days before they are taken out of the case. When this has been done it will be necessary to keep them upon the open bottom-heat until they have become well rooted and established with hard {i.e., not tender) foliage. They can then be potted into 32-sized pots, watered, and rephiced upon lli: bottom-heat. When the plants have established them- selves in this sized pot they can, if large plants are required, be potted into a larger-sized pot ; but if this is not the case, they can be removed to any warm house where they may be required. The Old Plants, The tops or crowns of these from which have jist been taken out should have a little dry sand sprinkled over the fresh cut for two or three days in succession, in order to pre vent the exudation of sap. They must be replaced and kept upon the bottom-heal, and should be given a moderate supply of water. They form a kind of stock plant, and should therefore be taken care of. As soon as the fresh growths which they >rAKCll 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Zll will put forih are strong enough Ihey should be taken otT, and potted up as cuttings, and treated in the same way as the crowns of the plants. r>v BULIilLS. It is a habit of the Alocasias to produce young plants beneath the soil. In shape and size they mostly resemble a Uazel-nut, and are generally lound at the end of a thin stem that grows beneath the soil, although they are sometimes found near the main stem. The gardener must be exceedingly careful in his search (or these bulb-like oft'iets, because, being of the same colour as the soil, and often found in the centre of a piece of fibrous peat or loam, or even amongst the crocks at the bottom of the pot, they often escape notice. The offsets should be firmly potted into small thumb-pots, putting a little sand around each offset, and making its pointed centre level with the surface of the soil. After receiving a good watering they should be placed in a shallow cutting-case upon a brisk bottom-heat. Here they should be watered when they become dry, and also shaded from the sun's rays. For ventilation the light should be raised for an hour at night and in the morning, but when the offsets has grown 2 inches in height, more and more air should gradually be given them for the pur- pose of making them hardy enough to be stood out upon the open bottom-heat : after they have been ten days upon this they will be strong enough for potting. They should then be pocted into large 60- sized pots, and after having been well watered they must be replaced upon the bottom-heat. They can ■ again be potted when the size and strength of the plant demand it. Potting and Culture. As the Alocasias require a large quantity of water, it is of great importance that the surplus water should pass oft' freely, and in order that this may be done, each pot must be well drained. A large piece of crock should be placed over the hole in the bottom of the pot, not so as to stop the passage of the water, but with the hollow of it towards, or arching over, the hole. The pot should then be filled to one- quarter of its depth with smaller crocks. The soil^ which can be used for potting alike the plants, cuttings, and offsets — should be made up as follows : — Half good turfy peat, broken up into pieces about the size of a small thumb-pot ; a quarter good turfy loam, and a quarter river sand, and to this should be added small quantities of charcoal broken up into pieces of Walnut size, chopped sphagnum, moss, and ballast, or broken potsherds. This mixture should be well mixed together, and moistened before it is used for potting purposes. In planting Alocasias, whether in the plant, cutting, or other states, it is necessary to make the soil high in the centre of the pot, and to make it slope gradually down towards the rim. Alocasias should receive a liberal supply of both heat and moisture during the growing seasons, although for many weeks during the dull months of the year they require very little if any water. Excepting during the dull months they should be syringed twice a day, lightly shaded from the hot rays of the sun, and ventilated upon all warm days. T. O. {Tc he cotUinuedS) the season may have been, ihe quality of the fruit was always inferior, but when ripe it is always very showy, and a few fine fruits tastefully dished up make a nice show. The fruit is in season from January till April. The tree is an upright grower, and bears abundantly. If the fruit were a little larger it would make an excellent variety for market, its appearance being in its favour, M. Saul, York. FRUIT NOTES. The Margil Apple.— This excellent old English dessert Apple deserves to be more extensively planted than in general it is. The fruit is of excellent flavour, but is rather small. The tree is rather a slow grower, but it is an abundant bearer. It forms numerous spurs, which should be thinned every sea- son ; and t.he fruit will in consequence be all the finer. It forms a nice specimen as a pyramid, and does well as a bush, and being a slow grower is well suited for small gardens. Aromatic Russet. This is an excellent and highly flavoured dessert Apple, which bears well. It is a free grower, and one of the most delicious and tender of Apples when in season. I have kept till May, and had the fruit fine during the spring months. King of the Pippins. I cannot understand how this has got to be ranked among the leading kinds of dessert Apples. I have grown it for nearly forty years, and, no matter what |prcl|id IJotiia and |)lfaniitp. ORCHIDS AT OLDFIELD, BICKI.EY. I HAD o'ten paid a friendly visit to Mr. Ileims when he had charge of Mr. Tliilbrick's garden in the Regent's Park, and he had always sometliing good in the way of Orchids to show me, and, what is ever pleasing and instructive to gardeners or practical amateurs, the plants were always clean and hcilthy — the Phal.'enopsids especially were excellent examples of good culture. When Mr. Philbrick removed to Bickley, many of the Orchids were sold, an entire clearance being made of the East Indian species. On my visit to Bickley the other day I found many of the old Regent's Park Orchids were still in the collection, with the addition of many choice new ones, all alike testifying by their cleanliness and general good condi- tion that they were well managed. The Cattleya- house was the most attractive feature, and it is needless to say that the centre of attraction was the varieties of Cattleya Triana;. In this collection some of the varieties had been introduced years ago, and they held their own bravely against the recent importations. The variety Penelope was sold when Mr. Marshall's collection was dispersed from Enfield ; the flowers are of a rosy-lilac colour, with a yellow blotch. Perhaps the best form in a large group was one purchased from Mr. Turner's collection about seven years ago ; it is very lovely, and has broad well formed pure white sepals and petals, with a rich crimson-coloured labellum. Amongst the recently imported ones are some with very rich colours on the lip, and the beauty of some is enhanced by the sparkling effect of the deep yellow and orange throat. The delicately tinted group of which some are almost white was well repre- sented ; these are neither more nor less than forms of C. TriaoK, although they have been grouped in an- other species as C. Warscewiczii delicata. Indeed there is no dividing line that I can see between these two species. C. Warscewiczii was Introduced first in 1S62. The name of C. Trianje was given four years later. Lselia anceps Dawsoni was very fine ; a plant bearing two spikes was in splendid health. L. anceps rubra I noted as a richly coloured and distinct form. Mr. Philbrick has purchased a number of fine plants of the recently imported white forms, and all of which Mr. Heims has potted in the usual way. The plants are not so much trouble when they are grown in pots as when fixed to blocks or rafts, and my long experience has convinced me that, all things considered, pot culture is best. In passing round the houses many interesting plants in flower were noted. Here, for instance, was a little group of Cypripedium insigne and the variety Maulei. C. insigne itself is a valuable species, and some of the varieties are much finer than others. Large masses of Ccelogyne cristala are well grown, the variety with lemon blotched labellum being very fine. Lselia flava, of a clear golden-yellow colour, was in full beauty — a cluster of ten flowers together rivetted the attention. L. harpophylla was also very fine. Den- drochilum glumaceum was in flower, and filled the house with perfume. No collection of Orchids should be without this sweet plant. The drooping spikes are very beautiful in a mass, although the individual flowers are insignificant indeed. Epidendrum Wallisii was just opening its flowers, and there was a gor- geous plant of Dendrobium Wardianum splendidum in full flower. The Cool House contained some choice varieties of various specicf, the Masdevallias being especially rich in variety. The golden-yellow M. Davisii was very fine. One flower that I measured was 1^ inch across by 2 inches long. M. amabilis lineata is a distinct form of this species. M. Harryana rosea violacea is a rosy-violet colour, and very distinct. In the M, ignea group there are some charming varieties ; M. ignea superba is the most attractive ; M. ignea aurantiaca has very large flowers with a yellow suftusion ; M. ignea Bod- daertii is rosy-red with deeper lines. The most interest- ing plant of the whole group was a fine hybiid fuiin, raised, I believe, in Scotland, between M. Lindeni and M. ignea. It has the form of leaf and habit of plant of the lirst-named, while ilie flowers are nearer the latter. Their colour is a brilliant rosy-red with deep crimson lines. M. pulyslicla is in its way very quaint and very pretty : a well-llowered plant would be a feature in any collection. Tlie flowers are very numerous, of a creauiy-ground ct)iour, thickly spotted with deep purple, each of the three sej^ments of the lljwers being adorned wiih yellow tails. M. Crossii is a complete failure. A healthy, well- grown plant was in flower, a sni.^jl rosy-iinled little thing, which might be dealt with as a novelty by ilie .Scientific Committee. I mu^t say, however, that the dried flowers gave one an idea that this might be a good garden plant ; the flowers at the best are not large, but six or eight may be found open at one time on a spike. The must interesting of the Odontoglossums was the fine yellow form of crispum ; it has been named and cerliticated as O. crispum aureum, while the varieties of O. Andersonianum are as numerous as the plants. O. lErstedii major is decidedly a good thing. I have seen it in several gardens, and can say that it is quite distinct from the normal form, and far superior. A small collection of PhalKnopsids has been formed, and they are grown remarkably well in a low span- roofed house. On the stage underneath there was an exuberant growth of Fittonia argyroneura and Cyrto- Jeira fulgida mingled together, producing a fine effect. There was an excellent example of Phalrenopsis Stuartiana nobilis ; I', amabilis, 1'. Schilleriana, and others are in fine flower and capital condition, j. Z>, Orchids at Sylverhale Lodge, Sydenham. The collection of Orchids here is very choice, and contains some fine specimens. At present, being in a state of great luxuriance and having a grand lot of bloom, they are a sight well worth seeing. In a large house of Vandas, Cattleyas, &c., amongst the first plants we noticed was a splendid specimen of Cym- bidium Lowii, we should think one of the largest in the country ; it has seven strong spikes of bloom, each carrying twenty-seven or twenty-eight blooms, and will be a splendid sight when all are fully expanded. Amongst the Vandas, suavis and others were in bloom, and a fine lot of spikes was coming up. The Cattleya Trianxs were just getting past their best, but we were luckily in time to see one of the finest we have ever seen in full bloom, named C. T. Alexandra;, the outer petals being of a most delicate tinge, somewhat approaching puce ; the labellum has a blotch of the deepest purple, which gradually shades off to the white, and the throat is a deep orange, also fading into the white of the labellum ; the flower is of medium size, but of fine proportions and substance. In other houses several fine forms of Odontoglossum crispum were to be seen, O. Herbstii majus, O. glorio- sum, O. hystiix var., fine; O. Pescatorei, O. Rossii, and O. coronarium, a fine plant, well flowered, something like O. Insleayi, only larger. Dendrobiums were very well grown, and had large and numerous spikes of bloom, and included the following varie- ties : — D. Farmer! alba, fine plant ; D, Wardianum, D. nobile elegans, D. japonicum, very sweet scented ; D. crassinode,D. moniliforme, and D. splendidissimum, one of Veitch's hybrids, very fine. Sophronites grandiflora was showing its conspicuous blooms ; Phaiusgrandifolius, too, was fine. Cypripediums were ' looking well ; C. villosum, C. Maulei, C. concolor, C. Harrisianum, with two flowers on a spike ; C. Argus, and C. Lowii, had all fine blooms. Masde- vallias were throwing up large quantities of spikes ; M. ignea and M. Massangeana were in bloom. Oncidium fuscatum was in flower, and O. bicolor had a very strong spike. This is a very useful Orchid, as it usually blooms in August and September when Orchid bloom is, comparatively speaking, scarce. Several fine plants of Ccelogyne cristata were in bloom, a fine plant of Cymbidium eburneum Dayii, and Lslia harpophylla were also blooming freely. All the Orchids continue to be well managed by Mr. Catt, but if it were possible to instance any particular class, we should certainly pronounce in favour of the Phal^nopsis, which are very luxuriant, not only as regards the great, thick, board-like leaves, which some growers sigh for, but the flowers also, which for quantity, substance, and size, are, we should think, very seldom excelled. The collection comprises the finest known varieties. Dendrohium Wardianum.— In the issue of the Gardeners' Chrcnklc for March 15, 1884, is an account of a plant having thirty-two blooms on one prijwih. We have one just opening with thirty-eight blooms. Can any of your readers give a case where this number has been surpassed, or state the highest number produced by one growth, all open at one time ? If ours is unusually good, and a note of its culture interesting to any of your readers, I shall be willing to give it. N. BlandforJ. [Anything touching on Orchid culture would be welcome. Ed.] 378 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 21, 1885. Tuesday, Mar. 24 \ APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. \*«v.r.... vf,- ^ f Sale of Lilium auratum, Roses, and Plants, MONDAY , Mar. 23 I ^( Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. f Royal Horticultural Society : Meeting of I Fruit, Floral, and Scientific Commitlees, and Promenade Show I Unreserred Sale of the Sugnall Hall Col- lection of Established Orchids, at Pro- theroe & Morris' Rooms (two days). Sale of Camellias, Azaleas, Roses, &c., at the City Auction Rooms, by Protheroe fit Morris. Bath Bulb Show Uwo days). bale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. Glasgow and West of Scotland Horticul- ral Society's Show, St. Andrew's Hall, Glasgow. Sale of Imported Orchids, frQm Mr. F. Sander, at Stevens' Rooms. Crystal Palace Spring Exhibition of Plants and Flowers (two Jays). Sale of Imported Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Sale of Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. Wednesday, Mar. Thursday, Mar. Mar. 27 f Glas lu ■.1&\ Gl Saturday, Mar. ;8 . AS no operation will be more frequent in our gardens for the next month than seed sowing, it may not be inopportune to offer a few observations on Seed Buying, for there are some very unsound ideas far too prevalent, which often lead to injudicious purchases. In the opinion of a large number of persons seeds are a purchasable commodity of like value from whomsoever obtained. No more delusive idea e.xists. If one thing is more cer- tain than another it is this : that there is as much difference in seeds as in men and women, and consequently it behoves every one to get the best obtainable. There may be some trifling difference in price ; the good will un- doubtedly cost rather more money, but what is that circumstance compared with paying a trifle less and getting an inferior article .' Satis- factory crops cannot be grown from inferior seeds, however good the cultivation. Good seeds must be secured, then, whatever the cost and trouble in selecting them. The sage advice in one of our famous cookery books which commenced with the admonition to " first catch your hare," may be paraphrased on the present occasion by the advice to " first select your seeds." Any one who has paid a moderate amount of attention to matters horti- cultural must know that during the last few years great improvements have been made in most of our vegetables, and in many flowering plants raised from seed. For example, com- pare the Cabbages of to-day with those of ten years ago, or the Peas, Broccoli, or Cauliflowers. These marked improvements — small from year to year, but important over longer intervals — we owe chiefly to our leading seedsmen, who have spent great pains in the creation and improvement of so many plants of everyday use. In numbers of instances they have done the work in their own grounds ; in others they have bought up at large pre- miums the results of other men's labours ; but in one way or other it is to the enterprise of our leading seedsmen that we are indebted for the improved characters of so many universally grown plants. Then, it must be remembered, that these enterprising members of the craft, however enthusiastic they may be — and we believe that many of them are enthusiastic to a degree not common among business men in other trades — have to regard the distribution of their seeds, however good they may be, as a commercial transaction, and if they are to thrive they must contrive to gather a little profit by the way, or they will fail in their object. In what way, it may be asked, does this consideration affect the seed buyer ? The answer to this will appear a little later on. It must be conceded that every real improve- ment effected in any plant of general use is a national gain. It is equally a personal gain to the individual cultivator. Each gardener has thus, it would seem, not only a personal but a collective interest in these improvements. And again, if the seedsmen and the other raisers of improved seeds are repaid for their past labours, they are encouraged to undertake others, which in turn will benefit the general commu- nity. This result can only be secured by a very large number of persons buying the novelties which are offered from year to year. There is a frequent notion among gardeners that it is hazardous to buy novelties. Perhaps it was so when ill-advised people offered un- tried things for sale ; but now-a-days, what with criticism in the gardening Press and the care which good business men take to prevent disappointment, the risk is reduced to a minimum. It is rare that any strongly recommended novelty will now prove absolutely delusive. We may then, without indiscretion, urge our gardeners to be trustful as well as careful ; only suggesting that, in selecting novel- ties for trial, they should do so judiciously by choosing those only which are sent forth by well-tried and trustworthy firms. We think in preparing seed lists a mistake is often made which can be easily remedied. If a man buys all his seeds from one firm he is limited to those kinds which they offer for sale. But almost every house has its own specialties. These are things on which they have expended their strength. Obviously it is better to buy the specialties from those who are the original distributors of them than from any one else, and it is fairer to do so. Our advice, then, would be to buy the specialties from the original distributors, and the ordinary seeds from the house most usually dealt with. We cannot too forcibly impress on our readers this fact, that the pedigree of seeds is as important as the pedigree of stock. *If a cele- brated breeder of Shorthorns by his skill and perseverance through long years has obtained a strain of animals superior in some respect to all others, and so commands a higher price for his produce, why should not our seedsmen who have taken equal pains equally reap the reward of their labours and enterprise ? It is the more necessary to put these points forcibly, inasmuch as nowadays the desire for the utmost money value and necessary economy have induced many people to go to Co- operative Stores for their seeds. It may answer to buy many things there, because they are cheaper than in ordinary shops, but seeds are different to tinned meats and patent medicines. Seeds are a variable quantity, and as those sold at the stores can in the usual course of things be only such as any one can obtain from any of the wholesale houses, and the special strains of seeds which embody the results of years of labour are special things, only to be bought of those who possess them, we feel we are doing a service by urging the purchase of the best seeds only, even though they cost a little more money. Noisette Rose Lamarck. — Amongst the Roses which have suffered a partial eclipse from the rush for novelties is the old and beau- tiful climbing Noisette, which the facile pencil of Mr. Fitch has so well pourtrayed {fig. 70), and yet it is not, after all, a very old Rose. It was raised by Mare- CHAL, a French grower, about ihe year 1830, and was at one time very generally cultivated by such Rose growers as could give space to it, for beiot; a rampant growing climbing Rose it requires ci nsiderable room on a south wall ; and where this is to Le had, most Rose lovers prefer (such is the taste for yellow Roses amongst us) to give it to either a Gloire de Dijon, Madame Berard, Belle Lyonnaise, or Marcchal Niel. There is another reason which has tended to limit the number of its admirers — it is not per- fectly hardy, and it will not stand severe winters as well as Roses of the Gloire de Dijon class ; moreover, it is hardly ever fit for an exhibition stand, and that in these days is a serious drawback. And yet it surely deserves a better fate than this ; its numerous clusters of white flowers, with oftentimes the faintest sou^^on of yellow in the centre, are very chaste and charming, and there is no Rose that looks better when cut with a good long footstalk and placed loosely in a tall vase, especially if the vase be of ruby- coloured glass, when the contrast of the pure white flowers is very marked ; it is less formal in its growth than many of the exhibition kinds, and is thoroughly a lady's flower. A New Foresters' and Gardeners' Bene- volent Institution. — It is proposed to form an Institution with the above title for Scotland, and with a view to ascertain the feeling of those most con- cerned in the matter the opinion of gardeners and foresters is solicited, either in its favour or otherwise. Royal Botanic Society. — At a meeting of this Society, held on Saturday last. Sir Walter Stirling, Vice-President, in the chair, the following candidates were balloted for and elected Fellows : — Mrs. Bluett, Mrs. Harrison, Lady Knight, and Captain Douglas Whitmore. The Secretary, Mr. SowERBY, who lately returned from a trip to the South of Europe, exhibited some interesting botanical curiosities be had collected, Sulphide of Potassium. — In support of his previous testimony with regard to the efficacy of the substance in checking the ravages of mildew and allied forms of fungus growth on plants Mr. ToNKS, of Knowie, Warwickshire, recently sent to our office a fine healthy specimen of a zonal Pelargonium which a month ago was rapidly perishing from the disease. This plant had been totally immersed, soil and all, in the solution, to the complete cure of the malady, • " Studies in Microscopical Science." — This pubUcation, edited by Mr. Arthur Cole, is excellent. The text deals with the mode of pre- paration of the objects, explains what there is to be seen in them, and is further illustrated by chromo- lithographs, and, better still, by appropriate micros- copical preparations. The botanical portion of the work can be had separately. It may be bad from Messrs. Bailli^re, Tindall & Cox. Venetian Houses. — We are informed that these houses, illustrated on p. 282, February 28, which at first seemed to be even too well supplied with ventilation, at least for some kinds of plants, and at certain times, are now so constructed that tl e lights can be easily disconnected, and half or one- third of the house may be ventilated, the other portion remaining closed if desired. Ghent Floral Committee. — At a meeting held on Monday, ihe 9th inst., the following awards were made : — Certificates of Merit. — Clivea, Mr. Ambrose Vers- chaffelt, exhibited by Mr. F. J. Spae ; Begonia sceptrum, exhibited by Mr. E. Pynaert ; Korthalsia robusta, ex- hibited by Mr. Aug. Van Geert ; Cattleya Trian^, var. from Popayan, exhibited by Mr. James Bray ; Odontoglos- sum Edwardi, exhibited by the Compagnie Conlinentale d'Horliculture : Phalsenopsis Stuartiana, exhibited by the Compagnie Conlinentale d' Horticulture.; Camellia, General Stewart, exhibited by Mr. J. Moentjens. Cuttural Commendations. — Cypripedium Boxalli. exhibited by Messrs. Vervaet & Co. ; Anthurium fer- rierensex, exhibited by Mr. L. Van Houtte ; Sparniannia africana flore-pleno, exhibited by Mr. Van Driessche- Leys ; Clivea miniata, exhibited by Mr. de GhelUnck de Walle ; Cypripedium Boxalli, exhibited by Mr. James Bray. Votes of Thanks. — Phaius Blumei, exhibited by Mr. Aug. Van Geert ; Dendrobium Findleyanuni, exhibited by Messrs. Vervaet & Co. ; Odontoglossum Alexandra', exhibited by Messrs. Vervaet & Co. ; O. hystrix mag- nificum, exhibited by Messrs. Vervaet & Co. ; Lielit superbiens. exhibited by Mr. Van Geert ; Clivea Chevalier Heynduyck, exhibited by Messrs. Blancquaert & Ver- meire ; Clivea (seedling), exhibited by Mr. Louis Desmel ; Phaltenopsis Schilleriana, exhibited by Messrs. Vervaet &Co. Mushrooms. — These esculents seem to be particularly fine and abundant during the present winter, more especially where the cultivation in beds in the open is well understood. This is the most profitable method of growing them, but the time required is much longer than with beds in warmed houses. Mr. N. Fuller, gardener to Sir J. C. Jervoise, Bart., Idsworih, Hants, sent us lately for our inspection some extraordinarily fine samples, firm, solid, and large, the produce of beds in a Musbroo-n- house. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. — Makcw. 21, 1885." Fig. 70. — kosE "lamakcic" (see p. 378.; 38o THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 21, 1885. Gardeners' Royal Benevolent In-jti- TUTION. — A special meeting, very largely attended, was held on the ijlh inst., at the " Bedford " Hotel, Covent Garden, and over fifty gentlemen were present, many of them gardeners, Mr. E. Tidswell, the Trea- surer, being in the chair. Mr. T. Lee, the Chairman of the committee, explained the working of the various additions and alterations made to the rules, which were unanimously agreed to ; and the alteration in Rule S, for increasing the pensions of recipients of the charity by ^4 per annum was carried by acclama- tion. The first increase of the pensions will take place on the next payment of them, i e.^ this quarter. A vote of thanks was accorded to Mr. John Lee in consideration of his successful management of the Augmentation Fund, and the affairs of the evening were brought to a pleasing conclusion by a dinner given to commemorate the occasion. The forty- second anniversary dinner is appointed for Friday, July 3, when E. J. Tidswell, Esq., will preside, and we have reason to hope he will be most sub- stantially supported, MiKANiA APiii-OLLi. — This is a little known evergreen climber, adapted for cultivation on the pillars or walls of a stove. The palmately divided leaves are borne on long stalks, each of the five leaflets being lanceolate and irregularly lobed at the margin. It is figured in the Illustration Horticole, t. 549. " DiCTIONNAIRE DE BOTANIQUF.."— We are glad to announce the publication of another part of this useful work, which comprises articles from "Dual " to " Eubi." We may suggest to the Editor, Mr. Baillon, to give in all cases references to the latest or best esteemed monograph, and not merely references to general works, like the Genera Planta- ritvi or the Histcire dcs Plantes. These latter works are the first that would be consulted by the student, who, however, might not have the means of knowing of the more elaborately detailed monographs, while, on the other hand, those who are familiar with the works in question are just those to whom the Die- tionnaire is least useful. " Edgerworth " is a slip of the pen for " Edgeworth," which occurs twice in the same paragraph. The work is beautifully got up, typography and illustrations alike being good, but some scale of proportionis needed in the latter case. The Parcel Post. — A correspondent says : — " Useful as the Parcel Post undoubtedly is, the un- certainty as to the time parcels will arrive is a serious drawback, especially with such perishable things as flowers. The Parcel Post is useless where it is requi- site that parcels should arrive at a given time, as there is no certainty that they may not be delayed one or two days longer than a letter going the same distance. If an extra charge were made for such parcels as require to be sent without delay, and for which the time of arrival could be as accurately reckoned on as that of a letter, it would add much to the number of parcels sent through the post, as well as to the con- venience of the senders." Zamia TONQUINENSrs.— a handsome Cycad, probably a Cycas and not a Zamia, the species of which latter genus are American, and with slender erect stem covered with woolly hairs. The leaves are oblong pinnate, bright green ; the leaf-stalks are downy and provided with small spines. The leaflets are narrow lanceolate, wavy at the margins, each about 6 inches long. It is said to come from Ton- quin, and is highly spoken of by the editor of the lUttstration HortUohi in which journal it is figured, t- 547- Year Book or the Berlin Botanic GarijEN. — The third volume of this publication has been recently issued. It contains a report on Ihe work of the museum and garden from April i, 18S1, to September 30, 1SS4, besides numerous papers relating to work done in the laboratory and her- barium. Mr. Volkens treats of the relation between the structure of plants and the nature of the locality in which they grow, Mr. LOEW deals with the rela- tion between flowers and insects, Mr. Sciiu.mann on the etymology and history of the Gewurznelke (Clove), Dr. Schumann describes certain malforma- 'ions of Gagea pratensis, Dr. FiJNl'STVCK treats of the development of Lichens, Mr. Wenzig contri- butes a monograph of the American species of Oak, Mr. Schwacke discusses the arrow poison ip/eil-gift) of the Tecuna Indians, the most important ingre- dient in which appears to be Strychnos Castelnaei. Lastly, Mr. Prantl furnishes a systematic review of the genus Ophioglossum. ■ ■ Cereus C, M. Hovey. — This is a variety of C. speciosissimus, of dwarfer habit, with smaller but with more numerous and more brightly coloured flowers. It is figured in the Illustration Horticole, t. 54S. Messrs. Carter and Co.'s Primiilas.— Although past their best, the blooms of this well-known strain are still very fine, and one can judge by the amount of seed- cases how fine they have been ; many of them have thrown three tiers of bloom on one spike. Messrs. Carter & Co. haveseveral types, which are pretty well known ; all shades of the favourite colours are to be seen, and they have from 300 to 400 so-called "blues," or rather violet, but the blues will no doubt intensify in time, and then it will be an acquisition ; at present even it is decidedly interesting. The other varieties are all good in their class ; Holborn Carmine and H. Salmon are both good varieties, as also are Rosy Morn, Alba Magni- fica, Holborn Elaine, fine Fern-leaved white, and another white, called H. Pearl ; H. Magenta, H. Mauve, H. Vermilion, very fine ; H. Blush, Venus, flaked like a Carnation with magenta and scarlet ; Tomkin's Queen, a fine Fern-leaved white, was very fine ; and we must not forget to mention two semi- doubles. Prince of Wales, and Snowflake, the former a fine salmon, and the latter white. Agapetes buxikolia. — Judging from the beauty and floriferous character of this plant, it is to be regretted that three or four species are all that have been introduced to British gardens, and that these are seldom seen in cultivation. Twenty-five species are known to science, and all are stated to be of a showy and decorative character. They are natives of the mountains of India and the Malayan peninsula, with an outlying member in Fjii. A. buxifolia is a native of the Bootan Himalayas, and consequently amenable to greenhouse or conservatory treatment. In its native habitat it grows to the height of S feet, but under cultivation at least, growth is slow and bushy, so that as to houseroom it is as easily accommodated as a Heath or an Epactis. The tubular scarlet flowers are about an inch long, and produced in clusters at the end of the short branches. Specimens may always be seen in flower at this season in the temperate-house at Kew. Phaius grandifolius. — Botanically the characters of this species exhibit a close relationship with P. Wallichii. For garden purposes, however, they are easily separable. The former is a robust and vigorous grower, with ample foliage, and flower-stems attaining a height of 3 feet. The sepals and petals are whitish externally, and brownish or buff internally. The lip has a pale tube, with a deep dull purple limb, while the tube internally is striped with darker veins. P. Wallichii, on the other hand, has shorter flower- stems and narrower segments to the perianth, while the lip is distinctly yellow, with a white limb and purple mouth. -The two species have been confused by some authorities in books. There are a number of strong healthy plants of the Orchid under notice stood about in various positions in the Orchid-house at Kew, and present a hold appearance with their tall many-flowered stems and parti-coloured flowers amongst the numerous subjects now flowering there. Illustrations in Nurserymen's Cata- logues. — How much of ingenuity is displayed annually in the production of drawings of most im- possible plants, flowers, and vegetables those that receive catalogues best know. Our American cousins are not at all behind in this matter. All who receive catalogues are familiar with the wonderful Fuchsias, Carnations, Cinerarias, &c. ; the " prolific Cucumber," so long, even, and straight, with no " neck " to speak of, and hanging so thick on the vine that from all appearances one would require to cut those hanging in front before it would be pos- sible to get at those behind. Illustrations of Peas, showing th eir habit of growth, are, to put it mildly, somewhat start ling, for if we take the length of pod and compare it with the height of the " bine," we find that the pods measure a little over 14 inches, so that reckoning eight Peas in a pod, we get the gigantic size of at least i \ inch ! St. Neot's Horticultural Society.— The annual show of this Society will be held on Monday, August 3. Brownea grandiceps. — With the exception of Brownea Ariza, this is one of the grandest flower- ing species in the genus. The long pinnately com- pound leaves assume an elegantly drooping habit ; and, although presenting a somewhat tufted appear- ance, owing to their being crowded together towards the summits of the stems and branches, their graceful character more than redeems this fault. Some plants in the Palm-house at Kew never fail to flower during the winter or spring, when they are a source of great attraction to visitors. The plant belongs to a sub- order of the great Pea family with regular flowers. These are collected together in a large dense head, and appear like a huge Rose, the central unopened flowers representing petals still in bud. This species is a native of several parts of Venezuela on the moun- tains, and is known there by the native name of Rosa del Monte, The flowers are rose-coloured, but pro- duced in more imposing heads than either B. coccinea or B. Ariza. There is a figure of the plant in the Botanical Mas^a'-ine, t. 4S39, and in these pages, 1S41, p. 436. Berried Aucuiias.— Lovers of plants who have a cold house, and but little in the way of hardy plants of a decorative character to fill it in early spring, should make use of Aucuba japonica in pots, growing also a male plant or two for the supply of pollen with which to fertilise those of the opposite sex. Plants of this free growing hardy evergreen shrub can be kept in due bounds as regards size by means of judicious cutting back, and also in good shape, and the leaves are always handsome and do not readily turn brown even when the plants are kept dry. The male plant should be kept out-of-doors in order to retard its flowering, as in this respect it is earlier than the female ; but it is not difficult to gather the pollen and keep it for a long period for the purpose of artificial impregnation. The berries are formed in summer, and they keep green until about Christmas, when they change colour rapidly, and are highly ornamental in early spring. The Brighton and Hove Chrysanthe- mum Society's Exhibition will be held on Tues- day and Wednesday, November 10 and II. Hy'acinth Show at Messrs, Lucombe, PiNCE (& Co.'s Nursery, Exeter.— On Friday, the I3ih inst., the annual Hyacinth exhibition was held as usual in the show-house belonging to the firm. More competitors than usual entered the lists, the flowers exhibited being of the average merit. First honours were given to Mr. ViNEY, gardener to Mrs. NORKIS, Pinhoe, Exeter. The principal kinds in his collection of first-class flowers were Ida, yellow ; Queen of Hyacinths, red ; Lord Macaulay, General Havelock, and King of the Blues. Mr. Sparks, gardener to A. Barnett, Esq., Tiverton, was 2d; his collection included good spikes of General Have- lock ; La Tour d'Auvergne, Fabiola, and Baron Van Tuyll. The Rev. T. Garde, Chudleigh, came in 3d, with a very nice even collection Other exhibitors from Taunton, Torquay, l->xmoulh, and Exeter staged very creditable collections. Consi- dering that Hyacinth bulbs have not been of first- class quality this season, the productions staged reflected much credit on Ihe growers. As usual, the whole of the houses and nursery grounds were open to the public, and the weather being all that could be desired the exhibition proved very attractive. Gardening Appointments.— Mr. George Clarke, formerly Gardener to W. N. Marcy, Esii., The Manor House, Bewdley, has been appointed Gardener to the Rev. George Lambe, The High- lands, Ivy Bridge, Plymouth. — Mr. L. Barnes as Head Gardener to H. Bently, Esq., Westacre High Hall, Swaffham, Norfolk. Mahlu 21, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 381 NITRATE OF SODA AS MANURE. The committee of ihe Saltpetre Pioducers' Asso- ciation on the West Coast of South America (Comite Sililrero, at Iquique, Chili) olTers /, 1000 in prizes for essays on the use of nitrate of soda as manure. Of this amount — I. A prize of /'500 will be awarded for the best popular essay, showing the importance of nitrate of soda as a manure, and the best mode of its employ- ment. The essay, in its theoretical part, is to treat o( the effect of nitrate of soda on vegetation, as compared with other manures containing nitrogen, and should exhibit the present state of knowledge on this point. In its practical part the essay is to give directions for the use of nitrate of soda in the various conditions of plant culture. References and quotations and purely scientific explanations, if necessary, are to appear as notes. The essay may be written in English, German (italic characters), or French. The writing must be distinct, and on one side of the paper only. It is desired that the length of the essay may not exceed six sheets of printed octavo. Each manu- script is to be signed with a motto ; the name and address of the author is to be given in a sealed envelope bearing the motto outside. The essays are to be sent on or before October i, 1SS5, to any of the undermentioned judges. II. A prize of ^500 will be awarded for the best essay treating of the same subjects on the basis of new experimental, researches made by the author himself. The essays must fulfil the conditions already men- tioned. They may be sent to any of the judges on or before January I, 1877. The committee of judges consists of the following agricultural chemists : — Germany, — VtoiQs^ox Paul Wagner, Director of the Agricultural Station at Darmstadt. England. — R. Warrington, Esq., Agricultural Laboratory, Rothamstead, St. Albans, Herts. United States of America. — \acant. Prance. — Professor L. Grandeau, Director of the Agricultural Station, and Dean of the Faculty of Natural Philosophy at Nancy. Belgium. — Professor Petermann, Director of the Royal Agricultural Station at Gembloux. HoUand, — Professor Adolf Mayer, Director of the Agricultural Station of the State at Wageningen. Russia. — Professor L. Thoms, Director of the Agricultural Station at the Polytechnical Institution at Riga. If none of the essays received should thoroughly satisfy the committee ol judges, they are authorised to award inferior prizes of not less than ^^150 each. Any essay for which a prize is awarded becomes the absolute property of the Saltpetre Producers' Asso- ciation at Iquique, which also reserves to itself the right of translation into other languages. (Signed) Professor Paul IFa^i^ner, Darmstadt, for the Comite SolitrerQ^ at Iquique^ jjlanta and il^Eiii ^;tlluiif, GREENHOUSE HARD-WOODED PLANTS. This section of cool-house plants will cow be- come attractive ; the earlier flowering genera should soon yield a good display. Although many of these are not grown to any extent for supplying cut flowers, we do not see any reason why such should not be the case. They would furnish material whereby a pleas- ing change might be made from the ordinary run of greenhouse flowers. Several of the Cape Heaths would not be in the least injured by moderate cut- ting, neither would the Boronias, Polygalas, Choro- zemas, Eriostemons, Pimeleas, or Darwinias ; each of these genera, too, possess flowers of such persistency as should recommend them to favourable notice. Closer attention will be needed to their requirements, as they advance into flower. When the flower-buds are being developed the plants will require a gradual increase in the supply of water, and they must not be exposed to sudden currents of cold air, especially when the house is so situated as to take the full force of an easterly wind. It must not be in- ferred from this that the house is to be kept close, as ventilation judiciously given is quite necessary to the perfect development of the flowers ; these will then be possessed of more lasting qualities. Attention to these details will have a beneficial etVect, bearing in mind that m^st of the Cape and New Holland planti last in flower for a longer period when under favour- able conditions; th's should therefore be a sulVicienl in- duce inent to study their needs, if not from any other point of view. Where two or three plants of Draco- phyllum gracile or Pimelea mirabilis are grown, it will be a good plan to pinch out the points of ihe shoots in order to obtain a later flowering. We have practised this for some years, and always found it to answer well ; the flower trusses are not quite so large, but there will be at least two to one where the pinch- ing is not performed at all. No shading will be required for some time to come. These plants invariably delight in the maximum amount of sunshine that this climate affords them, except when in the height of their flowering season. The past summer and autumn should have been most favourable to floriferousness in all the species this year, resembling closely as it did the climate of their native countries. Autumn flowering plants such as Pleroma elegans, Crowea saligna, and other species with the late bloom- ing Heaths may require a shift ; should this be the case we advise it being seen to at once. When their flowering period is passed the autumn will be rather far advanced for this work to be done safely. Young stock of Pleroma elegans should be kept pinched at every second joint that is made, in order to keep the plants dwarf and bushy. Ja7ncs Hudson, Gunner S' bury, Acton, IV. "PF(UITg ^NDEF( 'C^LAgg. — ►— FIG TREES IN POTS. With the aid of suitable and well heated glass structures, and proper treatment combined, we cer- tainly ought never to fail in securing two crops of Figs every year, the first from the well developed and matured growths made the preceding season, and the last crop from those of the current year. Trees which were placed under the influence of forcing operations in the early part of last December will now have both crops of fruit advancing simultane- ously, and the fruit of the former crop will be com- pleting the formation of its seeds, when for a time progress appears to be suspended, which state con- tinues until the seed is perfect, after which the increase of size will be rapid, and the ripening process speedily follow. Thinning the Fruits. Before this time, however, the second crop of Figs will be ready to be thinned. This should be done as soon as they are about the size of a full grown Grape, and should not be done too lavishly at this advanced season ; two or three fruits on each vigorous shoot, and one on the weaker ones will be ample for a crop. Stopping and Thinning Shoots. Any lateral growths which are made after this period should be kept pinched at the first or second leaf, and any weakly ones, or those which are at all crowded together, should be removed altogether. Strict attention should at all times be given to details in management, but at no season should it be more rigorously enforced than at this time and on- wards until the fruit is perfected, as the crop will mainly depend on the kind of treament given during this interval. Feeding. The Fig tree is naturally a gross feeder when in a heaUhy state, and will absorb water very freely, which as occasion demands should therefore be plen- tifully supplied in a tepid state, and on every alter- nate occasion guano-water should be substituted for it if the surface-soil be full of roots, and they should also be still more encouraged to grow by an addition of fibrous loam and manure in a lumpy state being put on the pots, and if the roots have run over the top of the pots into the fermenting bed their wants in the way of water should be supplied. General Treatment. The temperature in this compartment now should range from 60' to 65° at night, 70° to 75^ in the day time, with a rise of 10" or 15° more by solar heat. Moisture should be abundantly supplied, and syringing carried out twice every day. Open the ventilators at top at 75*, and gradually increase or diminish the supply of air according lo external influence', and close the house early in the afternoon with sunheat at 85°. This condition of treatment will need modifying when the fruit shows signs of ripening, or it will be insipid and devoid of colour. To avoid this, syringing and moisture about the house must be somewh.it abated, and the temperature, as indicated, should be well supported by fire-heat, so as to be able to keep a little air on the house constantly until such time as the fruit is gathered, when the former treatment should be resumed again and continued until more air is required to harden and mature the growth for another season. G. 7, Milcs^ IVycotHhc Abhey. SEED SOWING. Autumn and early winter varieties of Broccoli should now be sown ; let the seed-beds be made thoroughly firm before sowing the seed, and also afterwards. Sow successions of Mustard and Cress, Radish, Spinach, and Turnips. Firm soil produces the best shaped roots of the latter. In the beginning of April sow Salsify, Scorzonera, Seakale, Aspara- gus, and Rhubarb. Do not sow Savoys or Borecole yet. No one would care to eat them, when choicer vegetables could be had, and in most gardens ground would not be available for planting out such early sowings. G, IV, Richards^ SomcrUy Gardens^ Ring- wood, Hants, Forcing Department. In Frames without Hot Water.— Diminish the labour by drawing the lights clean off during rainy weather, unless it should be rain from a cold quarter, which would be better not admitted to the young plants on hotbeds. Thin the young plants early where necessary, and before they get into a weakly state through standing too thickly in the beds. Carrots. Horn varieties will stand a moderate amount of forcing by sun-heat, and where there is none left out-of doors from last August's sowing, earliness will be a great consideration. Air freely during mild, sunny weather in the morning, and close in the after- noon early enough to catch a little sunheat. The strength of the young plants will indicate v/hen the frame may be kept a little warmer, or when more air is required as the case may be. t^)uite a fortnight may be gained by careful management and attention in this respect. Turnips Will bear but little forcing, and all that is neces- sary is to expel frost and ward oil' cold, biting winds. Potatos. Earth-up succession crops as the haulm becomes 5 or 6 inches high, and do not make the mouldings narrow at the top, but as broad as is consistent with the quantity of soil at command. Broad mouldings admit the water freely to the place where it is most wanted. The haulm will be getting somewhat firm in the earliest frame, and here sun-heat may be in- dulged in with advantage, where earliness takes the precedence of size. If no lukewarm water 2an be ob- tained for watering, choose mild weather and water that has been exposed to the air for a day or two, for the operation, A cold frame, say closed in March at 3 o'clock, and well covered at dusk, will be 5^ warmer throughout the night, than one closed later and not covered. It is well worth the extra trouble to those who rely on these for their first crop. To.matos. If not already done, the seed should now be sown for rearing plants for outdoor planting in May. There is a great advantage in having good sized and estab- lished plants with some firm shoots at planting-out time. Afterwards they do not grow away so rank, but produce and ripen fruit earlier. In growing on the young plants keep them as near the glass as possible. G. W. Richards, Soincrley Gardens, Rin:>- wood, Hants. 382 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 21, 1885. TEAS OR NOISETTES. '* Under which king, Bezonian?" //. King Henry /F., sc, 3. A FRIEND, the diligent secretary of one of our provincial Rose societies, writes to me ;— " I am pre- paring our schedule, and am anxious to con£ne our Tea classes to those which are pure Teas, and to exclude Noisettes. In which class is Marechal Niel to be included ? " At first sight this seems not diffi- cult, but on looking into the matter I have come to the conclusion that it is neither one nor the other, and that its real position is as a Tea-scented Noisette. The National Rose Society places it amongst the Noisettes, while such an accomplished rosarian as Mr. George Paul classes it amongst the Teas. A few remarks, then, on the origin of these two classes and their subsequent development may not be uninter- esting. The Noisette Rose has a curious history, and, although so thoroughly French in its name, owes its origin to America, for there lived about the time when the great European wars of Napoleon had come to a close a French nurseryman of the name of Philippe Noisette, at Charlestown, in South Caro- lina, who had hybridised the old Musk Rose with a Rose called Charapneys' Pink Cluster, which he sent to his brother, Louis Noisette, a nurseryman at Paris. Pink Cluster was the product of the white Musk fer- tilised with the blush China ; and John Champneys, its raiser, ought to have some credit in the matter although he was put on one side ; and while Noisette is known, Champneys', except in America, is unknown. When Louis Noisette introduced the Rose it created quite ^furore in Paris. Its habit was so remarkable, and its perfume so pleasant that everybody was desirous of possessing it. Mr. Rivers, in his Rose Amateurs' Guide, makes the natural mistake of supposing that the cross was (as in Champneys' case) between the Musk Rose and the China, whereas, as it has been shown, another generation had come into use, as much entitled to the term " Pedigree Rose " as many which are now so called. The tendency of the Noisette to bloom in clusters which it derived from one of its parents has been considerably lessened by the efforts of the hybridiser, who while producing large flowers has diminished their floriferous character. However much may have been thought at one time of what we may call the pure Noisette Roses, we hardly now ever see Aimee Vibert, Fellenberg,, Lamarck, orjeanne d'Arc ; whether this is right or not I do not pretend to say, but they are certainly not exhibition Roses, and hence, probably, the neglect into which they have fallen. Probably the oldest of these Tea-scented Roses is Jaune, although often called Jean Desprez or Jaune Desprez from the name of the raiser ; it was introduced intheyeari838. Thebestknown, and, taking itall in all, when seen in perfection, the finest yellow Rose, Cloth of Gold or Chromatelle, was brought out by Coquereau m the year 1843 ; '' was in this year that Mr. Rivers saw it at Angers, and describes the buds as hanging down and being like golden balls. This is much more like a description of Marechal Niel than Cloth of Gold, for its superiority to Marechal Niel consists, I think, in the bold manner in which it holds itself erect. Mr. Alex. Hill Gray has described in the Rosarians' Year Book for the present year what it is in the Azores, and it is unquestionably better suited for a warmer climate than ours— although on a wall close by me there was a magnificent tree of it, on which I had veritable clusters of grand flowers until the ruthless hand of an improving (?) gardener cut it hard back, and it has not yet recovered the treatment. Mr. Rivers is inclined to place that favourite Rose, Gloire de Dijon, amongst the Teas. Mr. Elwanger calls it a climbing Tea, and in the National Rose Society's Catalogue it is placed amongst the Teas and called the parent of a hardy race of Tea Roses ; yet it bears a very striking analogy to the Noisettes : it is like them impatient of the knife, and has the long rambling habit of the older type of Noisette Roses. Unfortunately we cannot deter- mine its parentage ; it came up, as Jacotot him- self told me, as a chance seedling in his garden at Dijon. He pointed out to me the very spot. And what a success it has been ! In all places and under all circumstances old "Glory of John " comes to the fore ; doi do I think that any of its progeny have eclipsed it. Madame Trifle, Madame Berard, Belle Lyunnaise, Bouquet d'Or, Jeanne d'Arc, are all good Roses, but the comely mother of them all is still unsurpassed. Marechal Niel is the next claimant for a place ; its place is, however, pretty well defined : as far as quality and popularity are concerned it is facile princeps of all Roses ; it must, however, be considered, I think, as either a Tea- scented Noisette or a climbing Tea ; the lormer would probably be its proper position, the young foliage is so unmistakably Teay, and the perfume is so exactly that of the Tea that it would seem to be diffi- cult to disassociate it from that class. Its origin is unknown. It was raised by Piadel, and is said to be a seedling from Isabella Gray, itself a seedling from Cloth of Gold. It may be, perhaps, said that its habit is very improper for a Tea, that there is " rampageousness " about it, which shows that it is not fit company for such modest maidens as Catherine Mermet, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Marie Van Houtte, &c. ; but this will hardly hold. There cannot be a finer Tea than De- voniensis, the only one of its class (until very recently) raised in England, and we can all testify to what a lovely Rose it is ; although amongst the tenderer varieties of a popular class, yet see what it has come to be in climbing Devoniensis. This, as we know, Mr. Pavitt observed in his garden as a stray shoot ; it has been fixed, and while the normal plant will grow its couple of feet in the year, shoots of the climbing variety 16 to 20 feet long in one season are not uncommon. _There is one point in which all these Roses — Gloire de Dijon, Madame Berard, Marechal Niel, Cloth of Gold, &c.— have a complete accord with the Noisettes, they do not like the knife ; pruning leads to growth, but not to flowering, and all who wish to grow Martchal Niel out-of-doors are advised to spare, not the root, but the knife ; and yet there are plants of it not far from me which are cut about with as little ceremony as a Gooseberry bush, and yet they bloom profusely. Why this should be I know not, but it is an exception to the general rule, and to the advice of all rosarians. I must, therefore, regard Marechal Niel, not as a true Noisette, nor a true Tea, but as a combination of both — and in truth, whether by chance or artificial cross-fertilisation, the classes of Roses have got irretrievably mixed. Tea influence is to be traced in many of our hybrid per- petuals, in such Roses as La France, Captain Christy, Jules Finger, and others ; while the influence of the Noisette is seen in such Roses as Coquette des Alpes, Coquette des Blanches, Baronne de Maynard, and others, mostly due to the well-known raiser Lacharme; and that in Duchess of Edinburgh (Veitch) we have unquestionably a large share of the China blood, if, indeed, there be any genuine Tea blood in it ; in fact, in the large class of hybrid perpetuals it it is hard to say which blood has not been intro- duced. I have said but little of the hybrid Tea Roses, as they hardly come within the scope of my notes. I do not think that they have as yet established a very strong claim on the attention and love of Rose growers. There are one or two, such as Reine Marie Henriette and Cheshunt Hybrid, which are, espe- cially the latter, very largely grown, and as climbing or pillar Roses they are unsurpassed at present ; but like many other varieties which have been brought forward have no special merit, they lack the delicate beauty of the Tea, and the brilliancy of colour of the hybrid perpetual. We may get something of value amongst them by-and-bye ; but at present, both in the garden and in the exhibition room, they are at a discount. Wild Rose, FILMY FERNS. As the name of our firm is mentioned in connection with this class of plants in your issue of March 7, perhaps we may be permitted to say that we think the terms *' cool " and " warm " are likely to be mis- leading, unless very distinct information is given as to the range of temperature intended to be indicated by these terms. When we speak of " Coo! Filmies " we mean those which grow and thrive in the same temperature (not necessarily same degree of moisture) that suits the Killarney Fern (Trichomanes radicans). We have not found that T. Luschnatianum, T. maximum, T. auriculatum, and other P'ilmies from the West Indies, Java, &c., have flourished in such an atmosphere. Though they have existed with us under such condi- tions they were not what we call healthy or satisfac- tory. If— as we now understand — Mr, Cooper-Foster has succeeded in getting fine healthy development in such a climate as we call ' ' cool " most certainly he is entitled to the credit of the discovery, and not us. At one time or other we have cultivated eighty or ninety species of Trichomanes and Hymenophyllums. Many tropical species occur on high mountain ranges, in shaded ravines, which explains, no doubt, why some species will bear more cold than has usually been supposed ; and Mr. Cooper-Foster's discovery of this fact only says, virtually : — This charming class of Ferns is manageable where there is little or no arti- ficial heat, to an extent that cultivators generally have not been aware of. The thanks of Fern culti- vators are certainly due to him, and his grand collection will "speak for itself." Jos, Backhotise '^ Son. Yoik. THE TROPICAL HOUSE, CHERKLEY COURT. The illustration on p. 383 (fig. 71) gives a view of the splendid plant-house erected by A. Dixon, Esq., at Cherkley Court, for the home of the Victoria Lily mentioned at p. 19 of the Gardeners' Chronicle for January 3, and numerous species of tropical flowering plants, and others having striking foliage. The curved roof house is 62 feet long by 30 feet wide, having one bay in front 30 feet 9 inches wide by 24 feet high to the ridges. Ventilation is secured by openings along the ridge and in the brickwork in front. The whole is glazed on Helliwell's system, with patent zinc bars and caps of the same metal, the glass used being British sheet of 32 oz. to the square foot. The heating of the house is provided for by means of six rows of 4-inch pipes running under- ground the whole length of the house, and by six- teen rows of 4-inch pipes which go all round the house, while in the centre is a tank 20 feet by 15 feet for the Victoria regia. The water in the tank is heated by two wrought-iron pipes laid round the bottom of the tank, and which maintains the water at an average temperature of 1^. In all there are about 2600 feet of 4-inch pipe in the house, worked by a powerful saddle-boiler capable of maintaining the temperature at 75° in the coldest weather. Another boiler is fixed and connected with the first, in case of a break-down. j4ojVIE fJ0RRE3P0]^DE^(CE. Carter's Ashtop Fluke Potato.— In reference to Mr. Murphy's last note on this Potato I may say I have referred to Messrs. Carter & Co.'s catalogue, and find it described as Mr. M. has stated ; this is the first time I have seen it described as early. Turning to the same work for 1884, p. 31, it is described as second early, the same in 1 883 ; and in 1879, p. 34, where Potatos are arranged in their order of earliness, it stands sixth on the list. I do not understand why there should be this diff'erence, but perhaps Messrs. Carter can explain it. With me it has been a late second always, and so it remains, as Potatos do not change from late to early or vice versA. The soil is a rich light loam, rather sharp, and slopes due south ; but in spite of early planting and these advantages, the crop is not fit for storing till about the end of August. We have them in use now, and they will remain good as late as any variety I am acquainted with (and I have grown a great many kinds on trial), and my object in doing so was to discover which was the best earliest variety, and thus avoid disappoint- ment. W. Divers, Wicrtoti. The First Brood of Aphides. — There are some things so often repeated that they receive almost general acceptance, and yet they are only partially correct. Amongst these is the saying that hard winters leave few insects alive. It may be supposed that intense frost causes some discomfort to them, and may kill some ; but instinct comes to the aid of the smallest and least significant of the animal king- March 21, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 383 dom, as well as those that are larger, and they generally manage to keep out of harm's way in sufficient numbers to malce their presence felt after there is sun-heat enough to bring them forth from their hiding places. With spring weather come the aphides, and such things as Roses on walls are usually amongst the first to get infested, and if left undis- turbed they soon spoil the flowers. If timely means are taken to destroy the first brood much after-trouble will be saved, and as soon as their presence is ob- served the plants are well syringed with tobacco- water and soap-suds in equal quantities on a dry day and letting the liquid dry on, few will escape ; a second application will usually effect a complete clearance. The soapy water added makes the dressing much more effectual than tobacco-water alone, through its adhesiveness causing it to stick better. T. Baines. Gardeners at the Present Time. — I might suggest that there should be a register kept open at the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution for gentlemen and gardeners to get mutually suited, at fore I do not think the mites, if there were mites on them, cause a mite of difference, if they get the proper treatment, which so many abler correspondents than I am have already explained and recommended in your pages. A. MacJonaU, The Gardens, Cheadle Royal Asylum, Maticlust/r. Melons. — In reference to Mr. Miles' remarks (p. 277) on Melon canker and his experimental zinc collar — which I hope he may soon be able to fully recommend as a preventative to the above per- plexing disease — I have used a very simple glass collar lor the past two years, more especially for wood-lice, whose immediate prevention is imperative, which I have found, together with the aid of the common toad, to complete the eradication o( that pest. I have never seen the slightest signs o( canker, but I do not wish to attribute its non-appearance to the aid of such a contrivance, and onlygive it for what it is worth, as it may be useful to many gardeners. I use com- mon transparent three-gill bottles, and cut them at about 2 inches from the neck, and again 2J inches frotn where the neck enlarges, that is, at the greatest destructive, and the application of them cannot be safely entrusted to the ordinary gardener, who cannot conceive that a sprinkling on the soil of anything in about the saras prop>rtion as he peppers his boiled Cabbage could have any effect, consequently, in spite of the strictest injunctions as to quantity, he persists in giving a very visible dressing ; and when in due course the resulting mischief becomes apparent, he abuses all chemical manures. An inch of rain cover- ing the surface of an acre weighs lor tons ; 10 cwt. of artificial manure is a very heavy dressing. Assuming the weight of the manure to be the same as that of water, this dressing evenly spread over the surface would be only n^j inch in thickness. Edmund Tonks, Kno'vle. Lilium Bulbs. — It is extremely interesting to me to find so good an authority as Mr. W. H. Rogers maintaining that the cause of disease, fungus, or what- ever it may be, in Lilium auratum bulbs imported from Japan is found in the bruising or damage sus- tained by them in packing and transit. This is just what I urged a week or two since, and it is without Fig. 71. — TROPICAL HOUSE, CHERKLEY COURT. (SEE P. 382.) lOf., say, for a gardener, and£i for a gentleman on engagement, the money [after payment of expenses ?] to go to the funds of the Gardeners' Royal Benevo- lent Institution. It would help to make both parties more independent of the nurserymen. It might be made a rule that a gardener, on wishing to be placed on the register, should send copies of testi- monials from his last two situations, and that none but those of good character should be placed on the register, i'. W., Derby. Eucharis Disease. — A short time ago I found some that had done flowering were losing their foliage. On examining them I found the base full of the red rust to which "W. B." referred in one of your former issues. Can it be, after all, I said to myself, that there is a disease among them ? How- ever, I at once turned them out of their pots and found the roots all quite rotten, the bulbs were also covered with the same rust already mentioned, worms had got into the drainage and completely blocked it with soil, consequently water stagnated at the roots, and thus aided the destruction. I potted them immediately in fresh soil, put them in heat, and when I examined them recently I found they were making both roots and leaves, and I have no doubt they will soon be all right. There- circumference of the bottle, placing them neck down- wards when the plants are very young. I cut the glass with a hot iron. Alexander Methven. Artificial Manure for Bulbs. — Mr. C. Wolley Dod's experience of the effect of his application of artificial manure to bulbs is not surprising, seeing that he applied nearly five times the proper quantity. Long experience has conclusively proved, not only the beneficial effect, but the necessity of artificial manure in profitable agriculture ; if so, it cannot, when properly used, be injurious in horticulture. Ville, in his treatise on artificial manure, gives a formula for a stimulating manure of the same ingredients as those used by Mr. Dod, but in very different proportions : — Calcic superphosphate, 352 ; potassic nitrate, 264 ; calcic sulphate, 176 ; sodic nitrate, 88 : total, 880 ; and specifies the number of pounds as the proper dressing for an acre. Mr. Dod applied a tablespoonful of his composition to a cubic foot of soil. I found on trial this quantity to weigh ij 02, To dress an acre in the same proportion, assuming the soil to be a foot deep, would require 4084 lb., or nearly five times the quantity recommended by Ville. Overdoses of strong chemical manures are most doubt true. Perhaps, as Mr, Rogers suggests, the bulbs are lilted before they are matured ; but still that would hardly account for the decay found in so many very fine roots. When these bulbs are imported in such vast numbers it is evident that they are cheap where grown ; hence it is probable that about the same care is taken in lifting and packing as we here give ordinarily to market Potatos. Lilium bulbs are essentially soft and succulent, and if bruised much sap is extravasated ; this would soon breed mildew and rot. The fungus found is, without doubt, a pro- duct of decay, not a cause of it. It would be worth while for importers to try some better modes of packing, even if the price of the bulbs was raised. Certainly a consignment of bulbs absolutely sound and uninjured would be worth a score of badly packed consignments. Is it not possible to obtain bulbs in a very small stage of growth and then grow them into size in this country ? Certainly such roots might well command a greatly enhanced price. A, D. If permitted to put my experience beside that of Mr. E. Jenkins, my advice to all who purchase Lilium auratums is — delay not an hour in potting the bulbs in a compost of fibry loam and good peat, with a fair proportion of sand. Pot the bulbs firmly, and let the top of the 384 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 21, 1SS5. bulb be at least 2 inches under the surface. This done, plunge the pots in ashes out-of-doors on the north side of a wall or hedge, and there let them remain until they spear through the ashes, or, still better, until the flower-buds are colouring. At this stage remove to the conservatory or corridor, first dropping the pots into others a little larger. If the plan suggested is followed there will be very few failures. Lilies dearly like fresh air and sweet soil ; they detest frames, and all glass structures, in the first stages of growth. Argia. Camellia Blooms Losing their Centres.— Your correspondent, D. T. Fish, in a recent number of the Gardeners' Chronicle, brings to the not ice of readers that in some large white Camellia plants two-thirds of the blooms have shot their centre petals. It may reas- sure him to know that his are not the only ones so affected. We have a large plant of C. fimbriata which yearly sheds some of the centre petals in the same way as described by Mr. Fish. Some of the buds open in such a way as to represent three flowers in one ; in fact, out of 200 or 300 buds we seldom get one to open quite perfect. I sent flowers to your office last year, and asked for advice. The advice you gave was to lift and replant, but I was afraid to do so, the plant being large and in robust health. Can any of your readers kindly inform me if it is the nature of this particular sort to act so ? H. Louth. King of the Pippins Apple.— I am surprised to find that at the Apple Congress there was such a large majority of votes in favour of King of the Pippins over Ribston Pippin and Cox's Orange Pippin for first place as dessert Apples. The King of the Pippins when grown in this part of Yorkshire is never worth calling a dessert Apple. With me it is classed as a third-rate kitchen fruit. No doubt soil and climate make all this difference in the flavour of the fruit. In reading your article, before coming to the place where you name the two favourites, one for dessert the other for kitchen use, I had in my own mind fixed upon either Ribston Pippin or Cox's Orange Pippin as first for dessert, and Lord Suffield first for kitchen use. The King of the Pippins may be the Apple of Apples in the South of England, but I think the Ribston Apple is the King of all the Pippins north of the Trent. Thomas Jones, Ribston Hall, Wetherhy. The Education of Gardeners. — In reference to the education of gardeners, the following remarks may not be inopportune. The profession of horticul- ture plays as important a part in the economy of civilisation as many other professions ; in itself it is essentially a scientific calling, and requires also the aid of several collateral sciences, such as botany, geo- logy, meteorology, &c. Why, then, should its mem- bers not have the advantage of some systematic course of special training ? Why should they not participate in the same system of competitive examinations as students in biology, physical science, classics, or mathematics? I think the time has arrived when these advantages should be secured to them. In regard to instruction in the theory of horticulture, nothing is more discouraging and perplexing to an intelligent beginner than to be required to remember innumerable details of practice without having suffi cient knowledge of the principles on which that prac- tice is based. Not being able to understand the " reason why " of these details of culture, practical gardening presents to his mind a hopeless chaos o processes with apparently no capabilities of classifica- tion ; whereas had he possessed a knowledge of the principles of horticulture he would be able to satisfac- torily relegate these details to their proper place, as in botany one who has a previous acquaintance with its classification can readily determine the proper position of any species. P. Ingram. Clematis indivisalobata. — This lovely Clematis is to be seen just now in grand condition in the gardens at Stoneleigh Abbey, Kenilworth. It is planted in the border of the Camellia-house, where it grows luxuriantly, and appears quite at home. The plant is trained up one ol the pillars in the centre of the bed, on a single stem j when it gets within 10 inches of the glass it is trained horizontally to wires, and covers the greater portion of the roof on the south side of the house. At present it is simply a grand sight, it being literally covered with snowy- white flowers, some of them measuring upwards of 3 inches in diameter. Mr. Beddard told me he had been cutting daily from it for some time past, and should do for some time to come. R. Greenjiehl, Priory Gardens, Narcissus becoming Double. — Having the misfortune to live just 200 miles from London, I regret that I was unable to attend the Narcissus Committee : but the subject discussed is one to which I have given much attention during the past twelve months. I have collected a great amount of evidence about it from diiierent parts of the country, which has quite convinced me that the popular belief amongst gardeners about single wild Daffodils being liable to turn by cultivation into the common garden form of double is no delusion. Some of my corre- spondents have most patiently and kindly submitted to be cross-questioned about it, but I hardly feel justified in mentioning their names, so as to render them liable to further inquiries : but I may be allowed to tell the parish in which they live, in case any member of the Narcissus Committee should have access to that part of the country. The change from single to double, which is common in N. Pseudo- Narcissus, in N. poeticus, and in N. incomparabilis, is evidently due to some property of soil, coupled perhaps with certain conditions of atmosphere and sub- soil. The following are amongst the places which have soils causing Daffodils to become double : — Alton, in Hampshire. Steventon, near Micheldever, in Hampshire. Frome, in Somersetshire. Brackley, in Northamptonshire. Knowle, in Warwickshire. Wylde Green, near Erdington, in Warwickshire. Brynkinalt, near Chirk, in Denbighshire. Lythom, in Lancashire. Warkworth, in Northumberland. Hawick, Co. Roxburgh. Alloa, Co. Clackmannan. C. Wolley Dod, Edge Hall, March 4. Pruning Dendrobiums. — When I described Mr. Simpson's Dendrobium Wardianum I made no appeal to Orchid growers to at once commence wholesale pruning ; I merely stated plainly what I saw. Your correspondents may still remain convinced that the practice is bad — as I was a year ago ; now I should have no hesitation in trying the pruning system. If the old bulbs are not wanted, why keep them ? They only increase the weight of the plants, and are an eye- sore when they are in flower. Let those who have never tried the system prune one or two plants— the poorest varieties will do— and grow them side by side with others which are at present about the same strength, and then honestly form their opinions from results. They may try it with other species of Dendrobiums, and no doubt will find some do just as well as for- merly ; others may become weaker. The result will be an increase of knowledge learned by experience. W. Baxter. [This has been stated before, and found wanting, Ed.] Mushroom Growing at Lythe Hill.— Having lately paid a visit to Mr. Evans, gardener to S. Hodson, Esq., Lythe Hill, Ilaslemere, Surrey, I was so struck with the enormous quantity of Mushrooms that I trust you will allow space for a few remarks thereon ; for, to say the least, the sight was something surprising, and it is a convincing proof of Mr. Evans' skill as a Mushroom grower. We know that success in Mushroom culture depends to a great extent upon the quality of spawn used, and undoubtedly Mr. Evans used some of the best, and he informed me that he purchased it from two difi'erent firms. Which of the two kinds is'producing the best crop it would be diffi- cult to say, for there are two beds in the Mush- room cellar, each 20 feet by 6, in full bearing, each bed being spawned with a different kind. There are also two others of the same size, from which several dishes could now be gathered ; these have been in bearing from two to three month?. In the Mushroom-house, which is on the rack system, there aie two beds 16 feet by 4, in full bearing, with others coming on for succession. Outside, in a shubbery, with only just a covering ol Fern on gal- vanised sheeting formed to a gable, is a bed 22 feet long by 6 feet wide, on which are some monster Mushrooms 8 inches in diameter. This bed is com- pletely covered with clusters in various stages of growth, Mr, Evans remarked, that although he has always had good crops he has not had them come in such large clusters on the whole season's crop as they are doing now, there being in many instances from twelve to eighteen Mushrooms fit for use. 7". ^f- [We ourselves well know Mr. Evans' skill in Mush- room growing, as well as in all other departments of horticulture. Ed ] Melon Canker. — I congratulate your corre- spondent *' C. II." on his good fortune in having grown Melons nine years consecutively in freedom from this pest. I should like to hear if his other crops, and late ones especially, "if not grown in pots," have the same immunity from it. Although I am obliged for his advice about the collars in ques- tion, I nevertheless cannot accept it until such time as I have tried them and found them to be useless, or otherwise, because an experienced Melon grower introduced them to my notice whose opinion I esteem. Geo. Thos, Miles, Wyeotiihe Abbey. New Kinds of Potatos.— In a note on " New Potatos " at p. 1 86 reference is made to some varieties which I had the honour to raise. Chancellor is spoken of as resisting the disease well, and Prime Minister as being much diseased. I should like to say that in my efforts to produce kinds that had disease-resisting qualities I employed several parents, and notably the famous Magnum Bonum. That kind was the seed-parent to both the varieties above- named, but whilst the first had for its pollen parent the old and once popular King of Potatos — a sort I always found fairly disease-resisting — the second one had for pollen parents Woodstock Kidney, a grand Potato when sound, but in disease very bad indeed. It may be that both kinds thus partake of the properties of their pollen or male parents in the matter of disease-resistance or otherwise. Both kinds possess the robust health of Magnum Bonum, both are great croppers, yet there exists the dis- similarity mentioned, although my experience here has been to 6nd very little disease indeed in Piime Minister. I may point out, and it is a matter that needs attention with some other good kinds also, that whilst Chancellor seems to bury its tubers well in the soil, Prime Minister, which throws large flatfish tubers, pushes them to the surface ; hence it is needful with that kind to mould higher than with the former. Again, being a producer of big tubers it should never be grown in rich soil. Perhaps, if the Jen- senian experiments are continued at Chiswick this year. Prime Minister may be one of the kinds selected lor planting and protective earthing. A, Dean. Pearson's New Zonal Pelargoniums. — For years past Messrs. J. R. Pearson & Sons, of Ihe Chilwell Nurseries, Notts, have taken the un- doubted lead in raising and introducing new varieties, and this spring ihey announce a list of ten new ones as follows :—OiheIlo, dark scarlet with white eye, large, stout, welljormed pip ; Nerissa, salmon-£carlef, a pleasing shade of colour, extra fine ; Lucy Mason, salmon, suffused with orange, large and stout ; Miranda, scarlet suflused with magenta, extra fine ; Ruby, rosy-scarlet, with white eye ; C. H. S*in- stead, rich vermilion, fine and striking ; Mary Cas- well, white, flushed with pink, delicate and pleasing ; Viola, magenta, blotched with red upon the petals, white eye, distinct and novel ; Raphael, scarlet, shaded with magenta and flushed also with rose ; and Zeno, scarlet suffused with magenta, which deepens to a pleasing shade of purple. Those who cultivate Messrs. Pearson & Sons' new varieties of zonals know thit they are charac- terised by three important characteristics : — a good habit of growth, freedom of bloom, and bold and striking trusses of flowers. That some of these varie- ties make excellent exhibition specimens is not to be wondered at ; they are also useful for bedding pur- poses and decorative work. But it is curious to note how slowly new and greatly improved varieties find their way into some parts of the country. In some exhibitions can be seen specimens fifteen and twenty years old that should have been long since thrown away. It is perhaps not to be wondered at that exhi- bitions where such ancient varieties are seen appear to exist in a dull stage of mediocrity, and there is but little change in their aspects. The same tents are seen in the same field ; the staging is as it was years ago ; the exhibits appear the same also, and they occupy a certain portion in the tents just as if they had not been removed from one year's end to the March 21, 1885.] 7 HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 385 olher. Exhibitions should — and many undoubtedly do— exhibit in smaller or larger degree the progres- sive aspects of horticulture, and this should be one of their leading functions. It may be said with much truth that those which display this in the greatest degree are among the most successful financially, as well as from an educational point of view. R. D. Vegetable Culture. — Your correspondent, " S. W. K.," at p. 275, has ably defended the fraternity of gardeners against what he evidently thinks was an attack made by me upon their prac- tices in 3 recent paper on "Market Gardening." I felt the difticulty I had to face at the time I wrote those remarks, viz., how to speak out without injuring many susceptibilities, and am glad to encounter such an able spokesman. I do not blame gardeners, but hope to show that much in market garden practice might be copied advantageously by many of them ; and am convinced a year or two spent by young gardeners in a well managed market garden farm would prove of much benefit to them in carrying on vegetable growing sometimes under the difticulties of various kinds, which " S. W. R." refers to, &c. I am versed in vegetable culture on both systems, and if I regret one thing more than another, it is that I did not know sooner — and when the know- ledge would have been of much use to me — the various methods market growers employ to secure the fine results they do. " S. W. R." is wrong when he imagines I am opposed to trenching as such. What I do object to is trenching, and too minute manipu- lation of soils, too late in the season, or so soon before the seeds are sown and plants set out as not to allow time for the soil to become again somewhat solidi- fied— a state of tilth in which roots delight. As regards Carrots and Parsnips, where do we see, bulk for bulk, such examples as our markets are over- loaded with ? I cannot accept occasional exhibition examples as any criterion of universal goodness. Assuredly selected soils have much to do with this, but not all. In conclusion, I may say say that long roots are not so tender as such as have the greater bulk near to the surface, and maiket Parsnips are of this latter form. Why do not gardeners endeavour to do more justice to artificial manures ? William Herbaceous Phloxes. — Having last autumn saved a quantity of seed from several good kinds of her- baceous Phloxes, and having from previous experience some doubts as to its germinating powers, I took the liberty in these pages to ask information as to the best method of raising plants from it, as previous sowings had failed. No such information was afforded, but in the meantime I learned incidentally that it was a good plan to sow the seed as soon as saved, and that I did in a frame, but still not giving it any shelter. I think I must have sowed the seed early in December. In any case in the open frame it quickly germinated, and I antici pate that a large Dumber of seedlings will bloom next autumn, and the opening of which will surely afford very much in- terest, although little new or varied may rc£ul'. Perhaps if Phloxes were thus more commonly raised from seed they would be much more largely grown than they are now, hut it is to be regretted that there are many gardens in which respectable kinds are not seen. The roots are just now sending up young shoots, and these, if taken oft' carefully with a bit of heel, and put in under glass, as ordinary cuttings, wilt soon make root and develope into robust plants. Such plants always produce the finest heads of bloom ; and if well grown in pots make fine decora- tive plants. In all our autumn shows classes should be formed to encourage the culture of this fine hardy border flower. The plants turned out of pots into borders the second year would make a brave show, whilst others could be soon produced for the annual pot supply. Very many who have gardens little know what beautiful things are now to be had under the designation of herbaceous Phloxes. A. D. Narcissus calathinus. — Referring to my note on this subject on p. 347 I ask to be allowed, first to apologise to Mr. Baker for having said that we might "follow him in dropping the name calathinus," for on turning again to his " Review of the Genus Nar- cissus " I find I was mistaken in thinking that he proposed to do so. In the second place I send ver- batim an extract from a letter received from Portugal since writing my former note : — " I have succeeded in collecting roots of the N. ttiandrus, which are being dried in sand and loam, and I suppose they will be ready to send to you about May. In collecting these I have noticed that they vary in the most remarkable manner in size, shape of cup and perianth, colour, l^c. Some are very large : by to day's post I send a plant of triandrus which measures 26 inches in length of leaf, and 19 inches of flower-stalk. Surely this is very large ? Of these I found a considerable quan- tity—may not this be the calathinus of some authors? In some the cup is crenulated, in others quite smooth- edged : the perianth in some is twice the length of the cup, in others it is shorter than the cup ; and yet all these are found near each other. No wonder that there seems to be so much confusion and uncertainty as to the classification of this family," C. Wolley Dod, Ed^e Hall, Manh i6. Spiraea rotundifolia alba. — In reference to your excellent plate of the above (p. 2S3), allow me to say that the plant referred to is a most useful one either for vase decoration or for florists' work in wreaths, &c., the blue-green foliage being very elegant when forced. I first met with it in a private garden, and the gardener said, " Our lady brought it from the mountains of Austria." I could not find the proper name, and bought a host of Spitreas to try for this kind, but at last I found it under the name of Van Houttei, and we now annually force a batch or two. This same plant was also shown at Kensington under the name "confusa" by Messrs. Stuart & Mein, of Kelso, in 1SS4. It is, as you suggest, most easily forced. The plants are merely lifted, well watered, and brought on as required. Its graceful pendent habit and Hawthorn-like flowers render it an at- tractive plant for the conservatory. After forcing the plants are quartered in some rich soil and cut to the ground, when they throw out a quantity of shoots, and may again be forced the next year. The foliage has the glaucous appearance of that carried by Dielytra spectabilis, and is thus a useful foil for other subjects. Gior^e Biinyard, Maidstone. Brugraansia sanguinea. — We are quite losing sight of this species and others of the genus. It used to be much more common, especially as a big half tree in a tub that was wintered in some half light place, as an orangery, and stood outin the gardenduring the whole summer. The leaves are sinuately lobed, and the branches somewhat tomentose. The flowers are pendulous, 7 inches long, and trumpet-shaped, the colours being orange-yellow with a rich orange-red. The base of the tube is greenish. B. suaveolens has trumpet-shaped flowers of the purest white, whilst the foliage is oblong, entire, smooth, and dark green in colour. It will flower through the summer and autumn months. M. W. White Lily. — Gawin Douglas, a Scotch poet, a son of the fifth Earl of Angus, who died 1475, men- tions the Lily in one of his poems, but I imagine he alluded, not to the white Water Lily, about which your correspondent inquires, but to the Lilium can- didum, for he says : — " (Jueen of the field, in milk-white mantle drest, The lovely Lily waved her curling crest." Helen Watney. EDINBURGH BOTANICAL: March 12. The Society met at 5, St Andrew's Square, Mr. Alex. Buchan, F.R.S.E , in the chair. A Travelling Camp. A report was submitted suggesting that the Society should have this year a botanical travelling camp. The idea was cordially taken up by the members, and the matter was remitted to the Council to elaborate details. It was mentioned that if the camp was formed in spring they might associate with the Geological Survey, and that if they delayed till after the first week in August ' there might be some difficulty in getting access to the deer forests. We understand that the idea of having such a camp originated with Mr. Symington Grieve, and that it will be the first of the kind in this country. The camp will probably be formed for a whole month, members joining and leaving at different periods to suit their own convenience. North Amf.rican Flora. Mr. W. Caldwell Crawford gave notes of a visit as the Society's delegate to the British Association meeting at Montreal and to the meeting of the .American .Associa- tion at Philadelpliia. In the course of his tour he passed through Arizona and New Mexico, where he was in a partial desert amongst Yuccas which skirted the railw.ay as Gorse frequently did in Scotland, 'llien the country became mere desert, and there were Cacli for a hundred miles or more— enormous pl.mts, frequently 20 and now and again 40 or 50 feet high. .Americans were always devising means of developing the natural resources of their great country, and the last notion he heard was to turn these enormous Cacti to sonic uselul dollar-pro- ducing purpose. Nothing else would grow in Arizona, so it was proposed to graft Vines on these great succulent masses. Miscellaneous. Mr. John Rattray, Marine Station, Granton, gave some interesting notes on new cases of epiphytism among .algas, and exhibited forty-seven specimens, some of whicli had been dredged in 5 to 7 fathoms of water south of Inchkcith, and others in 30 to 35 fathoms of water off St. Abb's Head. He promised furtlier communications on the same subject. Dr. Macfarlane exhibited curious specimens of Nepenthes, and explained exhibits of rare British mosses Irom Mr. E. M. Holmes, and varieties of Ling (Calluna vulgaris) forwarded by Professor Dickson. 7 lie Royal Botanic Garden.— Mr. Robert Lindsay, Curator, submitted his report on the progress of vegeta- tion at the Royal Botanic Garden for February. During February tlie thermometer was at or below the freezing-point on sixteen occasions, indicating collec- tively 67° of frost, as ag.ainst 24° for the corresponding month last year. The lowest readings were registered on^the rsth, 25° ; i8lh, 24° ; rgth, 24' : 20th, 23° ; 2rst, rg". The higliest morning readings were on the 8th, 44° ; i2th, 48' : 22d, 44° ; 24th, 49' ; 27th. 47'. The lowest day temperature was 35°, which occurred on the l6lh and r7th, and the highest day temperature was 57° on the 24th. A good deal of rain fell throughout the month, but hardly any snow. Vegetation is making slow progress. Ribes, Thorns, Lilacs, Roses, and other deciduous trees and shrubs, are late in deve- loping leaf and flower-buds. They are from three weeks to a month later than last season ; the buds, however, are remarkably strong and vigorous, and with more genial weather will make rapid pro- gress. The Hazel, Alder, Rhododendron atrovirens, and Daphne mezereum came into flower and were well covered with bloom during the month. Early flower- ing hybrid Rhododendrons are well set with flower-buds, and, along with most other hardy plants which are used for forcing purposes, are much more readily induced to flower when put into heat than is usual, mainly owing to their having been so well ripened during the fine dry summer last year. Spring flowers are also late in coming into bloom, but they promise to be very fine ere long — those that have already flowered are strong and richly coloured. On the rock garden twenty-four species and varieties of hardy plants came into flower during the month, while at the same date last year forly-one were recorded as having flowered. At the end of February. 188), no less than ninety difterent species were counted in flower. At the end of the past month only thirly- eiglu could be found. INIr. Taylor submitted Mr. Robert Bullen's report on TAe Temperature and Vei^etation at the Botanic Insti- tution, Glasgow. — The thermometer during February has been at or below the freezing-point fifteen times during the month, the lowest reading being 22" during the night of the i8th. Total frost, 73°. The highest day temperature was 53° on the 27th ; the lowest 34°, on the 20th. Sharp frosty nights were continuous from the 13th to tha aisl, both inclusive, after which mild weather prevailed until the night of the 28lh, when 24°, 'or 2," of frost, were regis- tered. The frosty nights were succeeded by fine days, but the snow which fell during the niglit of the r7Ih gave the country a wintry look. A severe gale of wind was experienced during the night of the 21SI, but no serious damage resulted. Although showers were frequent during the early and latter part of the month, the rainfall was not heavy. Vegetation is still dormant, the only plants in bloom in the open ground being Daphne mezereum and D. m. album. Crocuses vernus and biflorus, and Petasites vulgaris and lobata. MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL, Boston : February 23. — Vice-President Moore in the chair. Dr. G. Austin Bowen, of Woodstock, Con neclicut, read a paper on " Leaf as a Study. " The exhibition of flowers, fruit, and vegetables, was much the finest of the season. There were sixteen ina»- nificent Marechal Niel Roses from E. M. Wood & Co°, for which a gratuity was awarded, and, in addition, a Bronze Medal for skill in cultivation. John B. Moore & Son sent splendid hybrid perpetual Roses, William H. Spooner, hybrid perpetual Roses, including a plant in flower of the new IJueen of (Jueens ; and Delay & Meade a variety of tender Roses, E. L. Beard brought two plants of Piimula obconica. Edwin Sheppard showed the odoratissima Violet, a new single variety, very large, deep-coloured, and fragrant. Mrs. Francis B. Hayes sent the beautiful and fragrant Rhodo- dendron Veitchianum, and a large collection of Camellias. C. M. Hovey exhibited a plant of Clivea Van Houttei, a large collection of Camellias, and other flowers. W. K. Wood had two vases of Roses and one of other flowers. Stillman S. Hovey showed a stand of Pansies and a variety of other flowers, and Miss S. W. Story a collection of cut flowers. A First-class Certifi- cate of Merit was awarded to Mr. Beard for his new Primula, and one to Mr. Spooner for his new Rose, and a gratuity to the latter for other Roses. Gratuities were awarded to all the other contributors of flowers. 386 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. f[MARCH 21, 1885. The Maine Pomological Society sent a collection of forty-three varieties of Apples grown in that State, some of which were fine specimens. H. Bracket! exhibited fine Mushrooms and Cucumbers ; G. F. Stone, fine Tennisball Lettuce ; Josiah Crosby. Tennisball Lettuce; Mrs. Francis B. Hayes, three varieties of seedhng Rhubarb ; and C. M. Hovey, Mushrooms. Variorum. Tarrah Woon. — The Jarrah wood (Eucalyptus marginata), of Western Australia, is acknowledged by those who know its qualities to be about the next thing to everlasting. Almost everything in Western Australia is made of this timber— work-boxes, piano- fortes, buildings, wharves, and jetties. It seems to defy all known forms of decay, and is untouched by while ants and all other insects, so that ships built of it do not require to be coppered. It has been used above-ground and below, in almost every situation in which timber could be placed, and was durable in all. On the table was a specimen from a tree cut thirty-two years ago, which had lain on the surface nearly all that time. It had been exposed to bush- fires every two or three years ; to the sun during the summer ; to wind and rain during the wet season ; and was as sound now as the day it was felled. Another piece had been cut from a small sapling used in a bridge at Banbury, and so certified by the Government Resident, which had been thirty-six- years in use, and this piece had been taken just between wind and water. There were about fifteen varieties of the timber, and it could be obtained of any reasonable length up to 60 or 80 feet, the trunk of the tree having no branches whatever. Another advantage is that it does not burn freely, but only charred, which made it additionally valuable for building. It is poisonous to all insects, and when put into a white ants' nest they will not touch it. If a sheet of glass and a piece of this timber are put into such a nest, the ants will bore through the glass rather than touch the Jarrah. The fresh sawdust put at the roots of a fruit tree would kill it, and it is stated by Baron von Mueller to contain, not only tannic acid, but also sulphate of copper. Some of the wood was put into the Suez Canal seven years ago, and when examined lately was found as perfect as on the day it was laid. Journal of the Society of Art!. A Disastrous Storm at Toowoomba, Queensland. The old year closed disastrously for Too- woomba. After a close sultry morning a heavy storm burst over the town at half-past 3 in the after- noon, preceded by vivid lightning and heavy thunder. Rain fell in torrents, and was followed by a fall of hail unprecedented in severity in the memory of the oldest inhabitant. For the space of twenty minutes the hail fell, the stones at first being small, then increasing in size until lumps of ice larger than hens'- eggs fell, and the whole town presented a mantle of white, while the Main Range looked as if covered with snow. The destruction of property is very great. Vineyards have been cut down and completely stripped of fruit and leaves ; and hundreds of fruit trees have been denuded of fruit. The gardens of Messrs. Taylor and Groom, and other private gentle- men, have been terribly injured ; but the Botanical Gardens, which were more exposed, have become a complete wreck ; the large conservatory is completely smashed, and the valuable plants and Ferns destroyed. In the vicinity of the Main Range the Maize and Potato crops were cut to pieces. he bestowed great care and attention to the nursery at Monifieth, which had been under his personal superintendence since the death of Mr. W. P. Laird in 1S72. Mr. Sinclair had been suffering from heart disease for several years, and it is somewhat singular that only the day preceding his death he completed the arrangements for retiring from the firm and trans- ferring the business to Mr. R. B. Laird (of Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons, Edinburgh), brother of the founder of the firm. The death of Mr. Sinclair will be felt as a serious loss to his numerous friends in all parts of the country. He was in his 51st year, and unmarried. We regret to announce the death of Mr. Andrew Sinclair, of the firm of Messrs. W. P. Laird & Sinclair, nurserymen and seedsmen, Dundee, which took place recently at his residence, Fount- ainbrae, Monifeith. The deceased gentleman, who was a native of Edinburgh, learned his business with Messrs. Dickson & Co., Waterloo Place, and there- after held an important position with Messrs. Lawson & Son, Edinburgh. He subsequently joined Mr. W. P. Laird in the business which that gentleman estab- lished in Dundee flfty-one years ago, and he had been connected with the firm for upwards of a quarter of a century. He was an active, energetic man, thoroughly acquainted with all the |branehes of bis business, and STATE OP THE WEATHER AT BLACKHBATH, LONDON, For the Week Ending Wednesday, March 18, 188;. i □ Barometer. Temperature of THE Air. Hygrome- trical De- ductions from Glaisher's Tables 6th Edition. Wind. 1 i < X £ 0 s Mean Reading Reduced to 32° Fahr, Departure from Average of 18 years. GO 3 |l I Q Mar. 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 r„. 30.28 30.30 30.41 30.39 30 a8 agSg 2944 In. +o-yi +o.v> -t-052 -1-0 41 ■f0 42 -1-0.04 —040 0 D ■ 48529.319.2 48.036.0 12.0 4S.a36,3j>l-9 48.126.022.1 1 49.527 522.0 52.531 5|2i 0 50.937-5 13-4 ■ 39 -o 406 40.9 37-3 39.4 42.3 41.5 - 1.8 - 0.4 - 0-3 — 4.1 — 2.1 + 0.7 — 0.2 35-3 36.3 389 32.3 35.6 35.0 35-2 87 86 93 83{ 88 74 So E.NE. N.W. N.E. S.: N.N.E. S.W. S.W. S.W. In. 1.00 0.00 ) 00 3.00 o.oo 0.00 0.05 Mean 30.13 -fo.25 49.4'32.0I7.4 1 1 40.1 — 1.3 35. S 84 S.W. 00s March 12. — Fine day and night : partially cloudy in afternoon. — 13. — Fine day and night ; dull. — 14. — Dull day, and fine clear night. — 15. — Misty morning : very fine day and night. — 16. — Very fine morning ; dull afternoon. — 17. — Very fine day and night. — 18. — Fine dull day ; fine clear night. London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week ending March 14, the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea decreased from 30.04 inches at the beginning of the week to 29.86 inches by I P.M. on the 8th, increased to 30.52 inches by 9 a.m. on the nth, decreased to 30.46 inches by 9 A.M. increased to 30.49 inches by i p.m., de- creased to 30.45 inches by 5 p.m. on the 12th, increased to 30.50 inches by 9 a.m. on the 13th, decreased to 30.46 inches by I P.M. on the same day, increased to 30.64 inches by i p.m. on the 14th, and was 30.54 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading of the barometer for the week was 30.33 inches, being 0.59 inch higher than last week, and 0.24 inch above the average of the week. Temperature. — The highest temperature was 4S''.5, on the 1 2th ; the highest on the 8th was 38°. 2. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 44**. 5. The lowest temperature was 26°.5, on the 8th ; on the 14th the lowest temperature was 36°. 3. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 31°. 5. The greatest range of temperature in one day was 1 9*. 2, on the 1 2th ; the smallest was 9°. 5, on the 9th. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 13°. The mean temperatures were — on the 8lh, 32° ; on the 9th, 36°.9 ; on the loth, 35°.2; on the nth, 36°.7 ; on the 12th, 39 ; on the 13th, 40°.6 ; on the 14th, 40°. 9 J and these were all below their averages by 8^5, 3°.6, 5°. 4, 4°, i°.8, o°.4, and o°.3 respec- tively. The mean temperature of the week was 37°. 3, being 2°. 3 lower than last week, and 3°. 4 below the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 107°, on the 14th. The mean of the seven read- ings was 87°.5. The lowest reading of a minimum thermometet placed on grass was 20°. 5, on the 8th. The mean of the seven readings was 25°.3. No rain fell during the week. England : Temperature. — During the week end- ing March 14, the highest temperatures were 56° at Truro, 52°.8 at Plymouth, 5I°.8 at Bristol; the highest at Wolverhampton was 48°, at Blackheath 48°. 5, at Brighton 48'. 6. The general mean was 50°. I. The lowest temperatures were 26°. 2 at Cambridge and Wolverhampton, 26°.5 at Blackheath ; the lowest at Plymouth 33°, at Leeds 32°, at Liverpool 3I°.7. The general mean was 29°. 6. The greatest ranges were 26° at Truro, 24°. 8 at Bristol, 24°. 7 at Cambridge ; the smallest ranges were Liverpool I7°.3, at Brighton and Leeds 18°. The general mean was 2o°.5. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Truro, 51°, at Plymouth 47°.7, at Cambridge 47°.2 ; and was lowest at Bradford, 43°.8, at Wolverhampton 44°, at Liverpool 44°.!. The general mean was 45°. 7. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was highest at Plymouth, 35°.7, at Nottingham and New- castle 34".6 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 30°.3, at Hull 3i°.l, at Bolton 3i°.3. The general mean was 33°. The mean daily range was greatest at Truro, 18°, at Cambridge I5°.4, at Bristol 15°; and was least at Liverpool, 9°. i, at Brighton 10°. 5, at Nottingham 10°. 7. The general mean was 12°. 7. The mean temperature was highest at Truro, 41°. i, at Plymouth 40°. 8, at Newcastle 39°. 7 ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 36°. 2, at Bolton 36°.9, at Bradford 37°.i. The general mean was 38°.5. Rain. — The largest falls were 0.27 inch at Shef- field, 0.21 inch at Hull, 0.18 inch at Nottingham; the smallest fall was O.OI inch at Newcastle, 0.04 inch at Bristol and Wolverhampton. No rain fell at Truro, Plymouth, or Blackheath. The general mean fall was 0.09 inch. Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end- ing March 14, the highest temperature was 53°. 8, at Aberdeen ; at Greenoc'i the highest temperature was 49°. The general mean was 51 ".4. The lowest temperature in the week was 27°, at Glasgow ; at Aberdeen the lowest temperature was 30°. 8. The general mean was 28°. 7. The mean temperature was highest at Paisley, 4i°.8 ; and lowest at Glasgow, 38°. 9. The general mean was 40°. 4. Rain. — The largest fall was 0.04 inch, at Aber- deen ; the smallest fall was o.oi inch, at Edin- burgh. No rain fell at Glasgow, Dundee, Leith, or Paisley. The general mean fall was o.oi Inch. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. ^nqi] \uxxxt^. " He Viat giiesiioneih much sluiU learn rnrtc/i."— Bacon. " Floral Calendar," or " Register."— Your cor- respondent, Mr. Andrew Taylor, Edinburgh {Gardeners* Chronicle, vol. xxi., 553), informs us that the TransaC' tions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, vol. xiv., part 3, gives the Calendar for the fourteen years pre- ceding 1883. My bookseller, having made inquiry of his London correspondent, informs me that they cannot find the price in London of this part. Can any of your correspondents oblige me ? Diss. Answers to Correspondents. Advertisement : E. T. No ; it did not appear. Anthurium Scherzerianum : Mrs. Brightwen. It is a very fine bloom. Apple : C. B. S071. Not known. Aristolochia Sipho : C. IV. S. The colour of the flower is purplish-green, and they are sometimes found measuring 2 inches in depth of pitcher. The leaves are cordate, and have a width of 7 or 8 inches. Bees. — Apply to Mr. Fox Kenworthy, 55, Coleman Street, E.C., Secretary of the Middlesex Beekeepers' Association. Begonias: E. IV. T. Dreggi is a winter blooming white, small, but very free. B. manicata is also of the same colour, but more graceiul — both are easily grown. Book on Laying Out: A Young Gardener. Kemp's Practical Gardener m\\ give you all the information you require. Books ; B. Vine. Vines and Vine Cullurt {by Bairon). Published at 171, Fleet Street, E.C March 21, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 387 Cattleya Bloom : P, HilLit. Fine in form and sub- stance, but ia no respect belter than many others. Corrigendum. — In our report of the List meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society Messrs. W. Paul & Son's address was given at Walthara Cross, instead of the ** Old " Nurseries, Cheshunt. Crowea saligna and other fine New Holland Plants : B. These are still to be obtained at the leading nurseries, although but few make a specialty of them at the present time. We believe Messrs. Cut- bush, of Highgate, are paying some attention to this class of plants. Dressing for Peat Land : H. H., Bournemouth. Use stone lime, but not stacked. French Bean : J. S. You should send Beans a^d haulm, when in season, to our office, and ripe seed, if you have any. Insects : B. The small beetles are Aphodius scyba- larius ; a common dung-feeding insect. W, Insects on Gooseberry Shoots : C. IV. D. The extremely minute mites infesting the base of the buds are in a very juvenile condition, with only six legs, and are consequently not accurately determinable. They appear to belong to a species of Tetranychus, llkeT. Salicis, Koch, Cont. Panzer, F. I. G. H., 155, No. i8. /. a VV. Names of Plants : R. P. 1, Cupressus Lawsoniana aurea ; 2, Juniperus taraarisci folia ; 3, Biota orientalis aurea ; 4, Cephalotaxus pedunculata ; 5, Retinospora lycopodioides ; 6, Juniperus chinensis aurea. — W. y, Alitchison. Polygala Dalmaisiana and Doronicum dentatum. — Charles Sharpc kd' Co. Trifolium ochroleu- cum (but not an Egyptian species). — H. T. S. Populus tremula, the Aspen. — J. O. B. r, Dendro- bium transparens, approaching Dendrobium litui- flonim ; 2, D. fimbriatum. — C. C. F.. Dendro- bium Pierardi. — H. IVoodmaiisey. 1, Pachyphytum bracteosura ; 2, Echeveria acutifolia ; 3, Bryophyllum calycinum ; 4, Onychium lucidum ; 5, Gauliheria Shallon. Sulphide of Potassium. columns in this number. - See our advertisement CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Kevnes, Williams & Co., Salisbury — List of New Roses for 1885. Carron Company — Garden Furnishings. Lucombe, Pince & Co., Bedford Street, Exeter— Farm Seeds. Communications Received :— Mrs. Davidson.— H. H. D — W. B. Plowright. -R. G.-F. J. L.-\V. Napper (with Ihanks).— R. D.— A. D.— T. B— J. F.— J. R. J.-J. Smith. — C. W. B.— C. I. -Phillip R.— Diadematum.— A. B C— 2ela. -An Old Gardener.— Old Subscriber.— E. M.— Water- side (next week). arlvcts. COVENT GARDEN, March 19. Trade stagnant, with a fair supply of all classes of goods, both home-grown and foreign. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Cut Flowers. — Averagh Wholesale Prices. d. s. d. I s. d. s. d. 0-40 Marguerites, 12 bun. 30-60 0-50 Mignonette, 12 bun. 30-90 0-90 Narcissus, Paper- 0-60 white, 12 sprays . . 09-10 6-10 — French, 12 bun. 20-60 o- J 6 Pelargoniums, per 12 0-40 sprays . . ..10-16 0-30 — scarlet, 12 sprays 06-10 9-10 Primrohes, 12 bunch. 09-10 3-06 Primula, double, bun. 09-10 4-06 — sinensis, 12 bun. 40-60 0-60 Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60 — coloured, doz... 40-80 0-60 — French, per doz. 10-20 o- S o Sp'ucea. 12 bunches.. 60-90 6-10 Tropaeolum, 12 bun. 20-40 Tulips, 12 blooms .. o g- i o 0-90 Violets, 12 bun. .. 04-09 — French, bunch.. 03-10 0-30 — Parme, French, per bunch . . .. 30-50 0-20 Waliflower, 12 bun.. 40-60 g- I 6 White Jasmine, bun. 06-10 Abutilon, 12 bunches 2 Acacia, Fr, basket.. 4 Anemone, is bunch. 3 Arum Lilies, i2 blms. 3 Azalea, 12 sprays .. o Bouvardias, per bun. i Camellias, per doz .. x Carnations, 12 blms. i Cinerarias, per bun. o Cyclamen, 13 blooms o Epiphyllum, i2blnis. o Eucharis. per doz. .. 4 Euphorbia jacquini- flora, 12 sprays .. 3 Gardenias, 12 blms.. 4 Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o Hyacinths, Roman, 12 bunches .. 3 Lapageria, white, xa blooms . . . . 2 — red, xa blooms .. _ X Lily-of-VaI.,x2sprays o Plants in Pots. — Average Wholesalb Prices. s. d. s. d. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o Arbor-vitae (golden), per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o — (common), dozen 6 0-12 o Arum Lilies, dozen 9 0-15 o Azaleas, per dozen . . 18 0-^2 o Begonias, per doz 6 0-12 o Bouvardia, dozen .. 9 c-i8 o Cinerarias, per doz. . 9 0-12 o Cyclamens, per doz. 9 0-24 o Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o Dracsna terminalis. per doien . . . . 30 0-60 o — vindis, per doz. .12 0-24 o Epiphyllum, doz. ..iS 0-24 o Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o — Cavendishii, per dozen .. ..42 c-43 o — ventricosa, do2.42 0-60 o Euonyin.,invar.,dcz. 6 0-18 o ■ Evergreens, in var., per dozen . . . . 6 a-24 o s. d. I. d. Ferns, in var., dozen 4 0-18 o Ftcus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ..2 0-10 o Genista, 12 pots .. 9 0-18 o Hyacinths, per doz. 60-90 Lily-of- the- Valley, 12 pots .. ..15 0-24 o Marguerite Daisy, per dozen .. ..8 0-15 o Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Narcissus, 12 pots ..iz o-i3 o Pahns in variety, each .. ..2 6-21 o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ,. 40-90 Primula sinensis, per dozen . . ..40-60 Solanums, dozen .. 9 0-12 o Spiraea, per dozen.. 9 0-18 o Tulips, dozen pots .. 9 0-18 o Fruit. — .\verage Wholesale Pricks. s.d. s.d. Apples, J^-sieve . . 16-50 — Nov.i Scotia and Canadian, barrel 12 0-21 o Cobs, per 100 lb. .. 50 0-55 o Grapes, per lb. . . 50-80 s.d. s.d. Lemons, per case ..iz 0-18 o Pine-apjiles. Eng.,lb. 1 c- 2 o — Sl Michael, each 2 C- 8 o Strawberries, per oz. 06-09 Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. Globe, s. d. s. d. Artichokes, per doz 40-60 Ahparagus, English, per bundle .. 3 6-10 o — French, bundle 15 0-20 o — Perpignan, nat., per bimdle ..36-.. Beans, Eng., per 100 20-., Beet, per doz. Cabbages, per doz. . . Carrots, per bun. .. CauliHowers, Eng- hsh, dozen.. Celeriac, per root .. Celery, per bundle.. Cucumbers, each .. Endive, per dozen ., Garlic, per lb. Herbs, per bunch .. 10-,. I 6'> 2 o o 6- .. 20-40 04-.. 16-26 09-16 20-.. 06-.. 02-04 s. d. J. d. Horse Radibh, bun. 30-40 Lettuces, Cab., doz. i 6- .. — French Cos, each 09-.. Mint, green, bunch. . 09-10 Mushrooms, p. basUt. 10-16 Onions, per bushel.. 40-.. — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Parsley, per bunch., o 4- .. Peas, per lb. ..10-.. Potatos, new, per lb. 09-10 Radishes, per dor, . . 10-.. Rhubarb, bundle ,. 06- .. Salsify, per bund. .. 10-.. Seakale, per punnet 20-26 Small salading, per punnet . , ..04-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-.. Tomatos, per lb. ..20-26 Turnips, bun. .. 05- .. PoTATOS. — Magnum Bonums, 401. toyoj. ; Regents, 70^. to goj. Champions, 455. to 6or. per ton. ^Ia^kets have a down- ward tendency. SEEDS. London : March 18. — The seed markets are now characterised by a moderate amount of activity, and all varieties are offered somewhat less freely, without, how- ever, any quotable advance in values, extreme cheap- ness all round being still the order of the day. Some furtherjreshipments of American Clover seed have been made to New York. Alsike, White, and Trefoil all keep steady ; more money is asked for imported Italian. Spring Tares meet a fair inquiry. There is not much passing in either Canary or fiemp seed. In Linseed the tendency is downwards. John Shaw &» Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane ^ London^ B.C. CORN. At Mark Lane on Monday English Wheat showed an advance of is. per quarter, mainly attributable to the improved condition of tlie samples offered. Foreign Wheats in most cases lost the advance obtained in the course of last week, and went back to the rates of Monday se'nnight, Flour rates were quite up to those of the previous Monday. Barley, Beans, and Peas were without quotable change. Maize upheld an advance of 3t/., and Oats 31/. to 6d. advance on the week. — On Wednesday the Wheat trade was almost at a standstill, and quotations nominal. No quotable change occurred in Maize, and Barley, Beans, Peas, and Oats also remained at Monday's rates. — Average prices of corn for the week ending March 14 : — Wheat. 31X. 4;/. ; Barley, 31J. Bd. ; Oats, los. gd. For the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 37J. jd. ; Barley, 3rj. -^d. ; Oats, igr. Qd. CATTLE. At Copenhagen Fields on Monday supplies of beasts were not so heavy as on the previous Monday, but trade was no better. With a heavy supply, sheep declined 2d. per 8 lb., and sales moved slowly. The assortment of calves was not very good, and the trade was slack. Quotations: — Beasts, 31. 6d. to 4J. 6d., and 41. Zd. to 5^. 2d. ; calves, 3X. Qd. to 51, lorf. ; sheep, 4^. td. to 5^., and 5.r. 2d. to 5^- Sd. ; pigs, y. Bd. to 4s. j^d. — On Thursday there was ,no trade either tor beast or sheep, and prices tend in favour of buyers. Calves were steady, and Pigs sold at late prices. HAY. Tuesday's Whitechapel market report states that trade was fairly brisk for prime sorts ol Clover and hay, some of the top qualities of which, specially picked, were worth 2s. per load more, at loys. and 94^. respectively. Supplies short. Quotations : — Clover, prime, 85^. to joys. ; prime second cut, 855. to lo^s. ; inferior, 48J, to 75J-. ; hay, prime, 76J. to 94J. ; inferior, z^s. to 60^. ; and straw, 22s. to 355, per load. — On Thursday there was a short supply, and trade steady. — Cumberland Market quotations : — Clover, best, gos. to 105J. ; mlerior, 6qs. to 84J. ; meadow hay, best, Soj. to 90J. ; inferior, 6oj. to 14;. ; and straw, 29J. to 34J. per load. POTATOS. The Borough and Spitalfields Markets reports state that ihe demand continues Hmited, but prices are sup- ported. Quotations : — Scotch Regents, Zy. to g$s. ; Kent ditto, 75^. to 85^. ; Champions, 401. to 60s. ; Magnum Bonums, 60s. to 8oj. ; Victorias, 70.?. to gos. per ton. — The imports into London last week consisted of 755 bags from Hamburg, 3 Rotterdam, 126 Malta, and 20 from Harlingen. Government Stock.— Consols closed on Monday at 97/b to 97|i for delivery, and 97^;- to 97^^} for the account. Tuesday's prices were 98 to 981^ for delivery, and 98^',^ to 98y\ for the account. The closing figures for Wednesday were 98J to 98J for delivery, and 981^^1 *o 9^4 ^°^ the account. — Thursday's final quotations were 98 to gSj for both deUvery and the account. DANIELS BROS; LIST of CHOICE FLOEISTS' FLOWEES SPRING 1885. We have much pleasure in offering the following choice Florists' Flowers in strong healthy young plants, mostly from single pots, and guaranteed true to name. Carriage Free on receipt of Cheque or F.0.0. 3 c 3 6 3 6 N.B.^-Ordcrs will not be accepted at these prices after April 30. Per dozen — *. d. ABUTILONS.— In choice variety. Six for ^s. ., ,. .. . . . , ..36 AGATHA A ccElestis (The Blue Marguerite) . . , . . . . . ..50 BO U YARD I AS.— Beautiful varieties, our own selection to name six for as. CHRYSANTHEMUMS, Japanese.— Superb new varieties of 1884, si.v for 31. 6l WO[^KS,FAliKlRK,N.B. E(^vid ©owan.^KI^nagei^ ^ feet, 165. per 1000; 3 to s'a 'eet. \%s. per 1000. APPLE, Crab, 2-yr., fine, 3J. per 1000 DOG ROSE, i-yr.. fine, 61. per 1000. MANETTI STOCKS, aof. per 1000. IVV. Irish, strong. 60J. per icoa. HONEYSUCKLE, sempervirens, yellow. 251. per 100. LAURELS. Common, a-yr.. fine, 2jj. per loco. SEA BUCKTHORN, 2 feet. 10s. per 100. HYPERICUM CALYCINUM, I foot. \C5. per ico. CATALOGUES on application to OARLIES MITCHELL. Nurssr>man. Stranraer, N.B. CUCUMBER PLANTS.— Strong plants of Rollissoii's Telegraph, strain guaranteed, fine stuff, care- fu'ly packed and put on rail, f>s. per dozen. GIRLING, BUTCHER andCO.. Florists, Hanwell. ''PWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND LOBELIA JL " Emperor William " (from cuttings), bushy plants. 2J. f}d. per 100, or acj. per loco, carriage paid for cash with order from The PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Gravesend. SEAKALE.— Thousands of strong Crowns. GRAPE VINES. Fruiting and Planting Cane?. Special low quotations to large buyers. WILL TAYLER. Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. AGNUM BONUM POtTtO SEED at Reduced Prices. About 200 Tnns (Sutton's Stock), true to name, sound, bright, and hand-picked to one uniform sir-. Price Irom 5 cwt. upwards, carriage paid to any station in Eng- land or Wales, sent on application. A change of seed generally pri. duces 3 to 3 tons per acre more than home-grrown. J. T. S.vIITH, Potato Grower, Wisbech, Cambs. MTWELVE CAMELLIAS or AZALEA 1- INDICA, full of buds, 21 r., large perfect plants of either, in sH-inch pots, ali different named sorts ; or l dozen of each sent carnage paid nn receipt of 42J. E. VANDER MEERSCH, Queen's Nursery, Selhurst, S.E. s E B D S 71 TTl "P\ O " Qualitv. quantitv, variety and cheap- li JlLj \J O • ness." Weekly DhMtch, April 8, 1883. Sample collections, with directions for growing. List gratis. Sample No. 1 contains 20 packets of Flower Seeds, Hardy Annuals, easily grown. No. a. 14 packets of choice Hardy and Half- hardy Annuals. No. 3. 8 packets of Perennials and Biennials. No. 4. 16 packets of Vegetable Seeds for sowing now. Either po-^t-ftee for \ 3 stamps, or the 4 for 41- from the PLANT and BULB CO . Gravesend. Specialties for 18S5. LLUSTRATED LIST Of Choice New Seeds for Gardeners and Amateurs. Senlfrce to all Customers. E. J. J ARM AN, The People's Seedsman, CHABD, SOM£RSEISHIRE. vAll Want Flower Seedsi( (Where SHALL WE GET the; H.CANNELL&SONS ». THEHOMEOrrLOWERS SWAN LEY. KENT. ABIES DOUGLASII, \\ to 2 feet, z^s- per 100 : 2 to 1% feet, 33J. per icx> : 3 to 4 feet, fot. per ICO ; by the thousand, finely finished and rooted. ARAU* CARIA lMBRICATA,i8te soinches.Jii.perdojen; ■>\ai% feet. ^1S. per dozen ; each size by the Inoiisanf*. CEDRUS DEODARA, 4 to 5 feet, 301. per doren. CRYPFOMERIA ELEGANS, 1 to aS feet, (as. per ico; CUPRRSSUS LAWSONII, -iV- to 3 feet, 60!, per ico; C. GRACILIS, distinct. i'A foot, 12s. per dozen ; C. STRICTA. 1 to jji ''«>. the finest upright, nj. per dozen; C FUNEBRI3. scarce, I'A foot. 15.'. per dozen. PICEA NOBILIS, 3 to 4 feet, 6oj. per dozen ; P. NORDMANNl ANA, 1 foot, fine, 501. per 100 ; ij^to 2 feet. 15X. per dozen; 6 feet, extra, 84J per dozen. PINUS EXCELSA. 2 feet. 8s. per dozen; P. INSIGNIS, I foot, ys per Too ; 6 to 8 inches, i6j. per ico. THUIA LOBBIl, 10 to IS inches, special by the noo: the best substitute for Larch. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, I to 4 feet, each size in thousands. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer, N.B. FERNS A SPECIALTY. Hundreds of Thousands of FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS, for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries. ABRIDGED CATALOGUE of over laoo Species and Varieties free on application. LARGE CATALOGUE (Price It.), containing 75 IlIuMra- lions of Ferns and Selaginellas, valuable "Hints on Fera Culture/' and other useful and interesting information. w. & J. bYbTke n h e a d, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. _ Nov and Choice Chrysanthemums. ROWEN begs to call attention to his • choice collection, which compi ises only the best new and old varieties. Strong rooted cuttines, twelve vaiieties for 1885, 7J.6(/: ditto for 1S84. 3J td : best old varieties. 3j. 6/^. per dozen — cuttings, dd. per dozen less, post-free for cash. CATALOGUE me stam .. Mr. BOWEBMAN, Hackwood Park Oardeni, says :— " They are the best cuttings I ever had sent me." The Floral Nursery, Maidenhead. To Landed Proprietors, ftc. AMcINTYRE (late of Victoria Park) is • now at liberty to undertake the FORMATION and PI ANTING of NEW GARDEN and PARK GROUNDS and REMODELLING existing GARDENS. Plans prep>red. 115. Listria Park, Stamford Hill, N. COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. (TWO HTJNDBED AND FIFIY-SIXTH THOUSAND.) By the late SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Reprinted from the G"a;'flfe«^^'/ C/zr(7«zV/.?. Price 3d., Post-free 3H.; Twenty-five Copies, 5s. ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s. Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION From To W. RICHARDS, 4f, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON, W.C. coimnaicin Please send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle" for , foj- which I enclose P. O. O. 1885. Months, ^^^ Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance. THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months, £i ^.t.iori^; 6 Months, lis. lid.; 3 Months, 6s.; Post-free. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, ^i (>s. for Twelve Months. India and China, £1 Zs. 2d. P. 0.0. to be made payable at DRURY LANE, London, to IV. RICHARDS. Cheques should be crossed " DRUATMOND." 390 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 21, 1S85. SEEDS. E E D s The Plant and Bulb Co.'s "KITCHEN GARDEN" Collection of Genuine Seeds coatains 3 separate pints of Peas, % pint French Beans, J^piot Scarlet Runners, % pint Broad Beans, % pint Early LoDgpodBeans,icz, LongOrange Carrot. i oz. Horn Carrot, % oz. Cabbage. % 02. White Onion, M oz. James' Keeping Onion, 2 oz. Mustard, 1 oz. Cress, J^ oz. Parsnip, % oz. Savoy, i oz. Spinach, i oz. "Snowball" Turnip, and a packet each of the Co.'s White Lettuce, Cab- bage Lettuce, Red Celery, White Celery. Chilian Beet, Musselburgh Leek, Brussels Sprouts, Broccoli, Cauh- fl:>wer, Endive, Scotch Kale, Long Green Marrow,Custard Marrow, and 3 separate kinds of Tomato. Sent carriage paid, per parcels pjst, on receipt of P.0.0. 6a.i or half, 2S. 9d., payable to the PLANT AND BULB CO., Gravesend. Plants In Flower and Bud. HUGH LOW AND CO. offer, of fine quality, AZALEA INDICA, in vaiiety, in 4 sizes; ACACIA ARMATA, CRASSULA JASMINEA. white, deliciously fragrant, finely budded on 40 to 50 shoots ; DEUTZIA GRACILIS, in flower : ERICA MELANTHERA, ERICA C^NDIDISSIMA. ERICA PERSOLUTA ALBA: HY- URANGEA, THOMAS HOGG, white ; LAURUSTINUS, French-white: FAIRY ROSES, red; GARDENIAS INTER- MEDIA and RADICANS, ROSE PAQUERETTE, blooms in dusters ; ROSES, Hybrid Perpetual, in bud : PELARGO- NIUMS, Zonal, Single, and Double. Prices, each, per dozsn or 100, on application. Clapton Nursery, London, E. GARDEN REQUISITES. COOOA-NDT FIBRE EEFUSE. ^d. per bushel ; loo for i^s. ; truck (loose, about a tons), ^os. : 4-bushel bags, id each, LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. td. per sack; 5 sacks, 2sr. ; sacks, \d. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, s sacks 22J. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, is. 9i«iv-iiit GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST In tlie Market (All sacks included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous .. 41 6d. per sack; 5 sacVs for 205. PEAT, best black fibrous .. 35. 6d. „ 5 sacks for 15*, PEAT, extra selected Orchid 51. od. „ LOAM, best yellow fibious .. "X PREPAREDCOMPOST.bestI i, 1. , ^ ■ \ a a\ LEAF MOULD, best only .. f"' P" ^"='^' ^^''''^^ mcluded). PEAT MOULD „ .. J SILVER SAND, coarse, is. yi. per bush. » \is. half ton, 225. ton RAFFIA FIBRE, best only li. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported .. 8^. lb., 28 lb. i8j. TOBACCO PAPER .. (Sp^cialit^j 8^. lb., 28 lb. i8j. MUSHROOM SPAWN, finest Milltrack.. 51. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, al! selected is. per bush., ts. per sack. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, I J. each ; 10 sacks, 9^. ; 15 sacks, 13^. ; 20 sacks, 171. ; 30 sacks, 251. ; 40 sacks, 301. Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 231. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated, in sacks only, 2J. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., ■y^EST FEERY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E. H;0RTI CULT URAL PREPARATIONS. The best and most effectual yet introduced. FOWLER'S LAWN SAND, for destroying Daisies, Dandelions, Plantains. Ribbed Grass, Thistlest, and other weeds on Lawns, Croquet Grouods. Bowling Greens, Parks, &c.; at the sam^i time acting as a ferliliser. and improvn^ the growth and colour of the grass. Price in tins, u., is. 6i., and 51.; kegs, 20 lb. 10s.; 56 lb. igr ; 112 lb. 36J. GARDENER'S INSECTICIDE.for destroy- ing all the various Insects infesting plants and trees. It is easily applied either by dipping, syringing, or sponging ; wilt not injure the most delicate tljwer, fruit, foliage, or root. In jars, IS. til., y., 5J. 6i/., and loi. each; and ia kegs, 2S lb , 21s. ; 561b., 4 !i ; 112 lb. . 845. each. FOWLER'S MEALY-BUG DESTROYER, for the special eradication of this most troublesome of stovehouse plant pests. It is easily app.ied. is instant destruc- tion to both mseci and ova. and does not injure the foliage. In bottles, 15., 3s. 6d., 51. and los. ; half-galloD, zts. ', one gallon, 42.^. each. POOLEV'S WORM DESTROYER, for eradicating every kind of Worm from pots, lawns. &c. It is easily and cheajily applied, acd will not harm the most delicate plant. In bottlts. is., 7s, 6/., 7s., and 12*. 6d. each. E WING'S MILDEW COMPOSITION, for the prevention or destruction ol Mildew on all plants. In bottles, is. 6d. and 31, each. ELLIOTT'S IMPROVED "SUMMER CLOUD '■ Shading lor Greeohouses, &c. For eficacy, ccono/ny and lasting effects ihis arlicle remains uori vailed. CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Limited, SOLE MANUFACTURERS, LONDON. EUREKA! ! INSECTICIDE. Prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, Stockbrldge, Edinburgh. Higiusi Award, Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh. " Clovenfords, by Galashiels, N.B., July 25. 1883. " Mr. Smith, — Dear fair. — We have now tried your Insecti- cide on all the Insects we can find on any of our Plants, includ- ing Orchids, and used as directed by you we find it instant destruction to them all, while it neither siains nor tnjutei the tenderest leaf. We shall iti future use no Fir-tree Oil, or other Insecticide but yours, — We are, yours truly, "WILLIAM THOMSuN and SONS." WHOLESALE AGENTS:— COBRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., 18, FlBSbury Street, London, E.G. MEREDITH'S Vine and General Plant Manure. Uanufactttred by Josepb Meredltb, late of Ttie Vineyard, Garston. GREAT INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EX- HIBITION, held at Hambur? -The MASSIVE SILVER CUP given by Her Majesiy Queen Victoria for the Best Specimen of Grapes was awarded to JOSEPH MEREDITH. This and other famous successes largely attributahle to the use of this celebrated Manure. Used regularly In most ol the leading establishments in the United Kingdom. CIRCULARS, with price and full directions for use, free on application to JAMES MEREDITH, Seedsman, &c., 126, BRIDGE STREET, WARRINGTON. HOMSON'S VINE and PLANT MANURE. — This Manure is now solely manufactured by ud. ; sacks, 6rf. each. In trucks of 14 cubic yards, iij. per yard. For Rhododendrons and common purposes, \AS- per ton, not less than four tons ; samole sack, 3.r. f>d. LOAM, SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, &c. Sec Special List, also (or the Trade. Ringwood, Hants. MUdew and Other Hurtful Fungi, Red Siilder, fte , Extirpated by PHILIP HARRIS AND CO.'S specially prepared SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM, whirh i^ verf: soluble. See article bv E. Tonks, E^q., B.C.L.. iil Gardeners' Chronicle, February 38, p, 276, describing the great efiicacv of this preparation, with which hi^ succfssful .ejiperiment* weie made. So'd in Boitles, O.me Shilling Eack (pou.«frec). r .h- tainine sufficient to make 32 E=»llonB of soluiior*. by -the Sole Manufaciurer^, PHILIP HARRIS and CO.. .Whjicsa'e Chemists, 9. Bull Ping. Birminphim. \ * .c Special iptotations yjr laT^e qiumiities; .-. ■ t ECONOMY AND EFFICACY IN TBE.GARDE^I BY TUB USE or JEYES' "GARDENER'S FRIEND." One Gallon of ihis Fluid, di'uted with water according 10 directions, and applied with au ordiuary watering-can, Effectuallr Removes all Weeds. Moss, Worme, and Insects on Gravel Walka, Lawns, &c. Price, 3T. 6/. per gallon, including dinm; ^ogallon ca-ks .^4 \os. Carriage paid. JEYE3' SANITARY COMPOUNDS CO. (UnUted', 43, Cannon Street, Londpu, £.0. ROLL TOBACCO PAPER. Cloth, and Fibre for Fumigating. The best and strongest it is possible to nb'ain. 6 lb . 4* ^d. : 141b., loj. : aSlh.. 2m. Good strong TOBACCO PAtER «r CLOTH, 6 lb.. 3J (id. ; 14 lb., 8t. ; 28 lb. 155. Carriage pa'd to London or any Railw ly Station in Kent. All our articles cf-m:*?" the pure essence of Tobacco only. U.-^ed in Royal Nurseries t,l « Gardens of the Nobility, by Leading Men of the Profesaioi-, f c. PARCELS POST. Our celebrate 1 Best ROLL TOBACCO PAPER, CL< TH, and KIBRE, guaranteed satne quality as above, deliverer f»ee to any address in 'he United Kingdom, at the following latc- . — 2K ">., 2S. dd. ; iii lb.. 4'. : 61b. 5!. : 6), lb., jr. (id. Manufacturers, DABLINGTON BROS., CHATHATV. Old TOBACCO ROPE, very strong, for fumigating, 14 lb., is. fid. : 28 lb., ts. ; 55 lb , lej. : 1 cwt., I'is. Post-office I irder aiid Chen"" '^'■'l'-'""'' "'" '"''-■' ni- GISHURST COMPOUND, used by le: ding Gardeners since i8t;q against Red Spider. Mildew, Tbrip:;, Green Fly, and other BlighL i to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing fo' Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake gainst American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intei ced to supersede it. Boxes, i^., 35., and lOS. 6d, GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and s. ft on wet ground. Boxes, bd. and is., from ihe Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE CO^■PANY (Limited). London. J BLACKBURN and SONS, • Rt;ssiA Mat Merchants and Importkrs. ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG MATS of t\ery de- scription at wholesale prices for Packing. Covering, anc Tying, from 12S. per 105. Manufaruirers of SACKS and BAGS, ROPES. LINES, and TWINES. SEED BAGS ; II sizes, SCRIM and TIFFANY, for shading and covering, in a" widths; TANNED NETTING, TARRED TVVINK and TARRED YARN, RAFFIA FIBRE for tying. TOBACCO P* 1 ER and TOBACCO CLOTH. COCOA-NUr FIBRE REFl SE. and GARDEN SUNDRIES. Price List free on 3i plication. Special Quotations to large buyers. 4 and 5, Worm*-ond Street. T rvndi^n V f, DEANK & CO.'S "GEM" CONSERVATORY. (Pe ■I, Re(i,liiY.l, .\',.. 1,865.) .ii)B«^SSSi&^ :liiiimiimiii 10 ft. long, 8 ft. wide, 10 ft. 6 in. high. Price complete, with ^tagi^g, cjloured glass, gutter, and Loufihboiough Hot-water Apparatus, Elected complete within 15 miles of London Bridge, or delivered cariiage free to anjr station in England. OO F^ LARGER SIZES, complete as above, 12 ft. by 8 ft. 13 fl- by 9 ft. so (t. by 10 ft. 25 ft. by 12 ft. £28. £36 108. £44 IO3. £66. ILLUSTRATED SHEETS (,f C mvcrvatories. Green- houses, &c.. with Prices for Eiectinj; a»J Heating, FREE ON APPLICATION. Surveys tnade and Plans and Estimatfs Free. DEANE & CO., Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, ''st'J«f,E.c;""} LONDON BRIDGE. March ji, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 391 W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, EC. W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Esiimiles for every descriplion of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of chui^ and send competent sssisLints when nece^sary. BASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK mateiial in various colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at 121. Bunhill Row, and 35, Pt^ultry, Cheapside. E.C. Illustrated Lists of Wooden Iluildings, Greenhouses and Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, r-aths, and stages, sent pojt-free on application. ^^ Under tbe Patronage of the Queen •SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with KAlsKD BLACK-FACED LETTERS. The Giirdetttrs Magazine says :— " We must give these the palm before ail other plant labels, as the very hrst in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Slratford-on-Avon. PURE WOOD CHARCOAL FOR VINE BORDERS. FRUIT TREES. STRAWBERRIES, ROSES, FLOWER BEDS. POTTING PURPOSES. AND GHNHRAL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. HIRST» BROOKE, and HIRST, Manufacturers, Leeds. Vorkshire. The Original and only Genuine Trentham Riveted Boiler. Recently Improved and Reduced in Price. Also Makers of all other kinds of Boilers for Heating. HOT-WATER PIPES AND FITTINGS of every description for Heating Apparatus. THE LARGEST STOCK IN THE KINGDOM. HIGH and LOW PRESSURE and HOT-AIR HEATING APPARATUS ERECTED ard GUARANTEED. FRED. SILVESTER, Castle Hill Foundry, Newcastle, Staffjrdshire. ALL MACHINES SENT CARRIAGE PAID end A MONTH'S FREE TRIAL ALLOWED. THE WORLD. RANSOM ES' THE AUTOMATON LAWN MOV^^ERS THE *' WORLD" LAWN MOWERS are the best for cutting loDg grass, and are coDStructed on the American system with the specbl advantages of English materials and workmanship. 1 hey are made in nine sizes, 8 to 24 inches. Prices from 45s. to £10. THE ** REVERSIBLE" LAWN MOWERS aie suitable for small gardens and borders. They roll the grass as well as cut it, and can be used either side upwards. They are made in three sizes, 6 to lo inches. Prices from 27s. to 453. THE "AUTOMATON" LAWN MOWERS are the best machines for general purposes and gardeners' use. They leave no ribs in the grass but produce a perfect surface. They are made in eight sizes, 8 to 22 inches. Prices from 55s. to £8 lOs. THE HORSE-POWER MOWERS are the best for Large Lawns. Cricket and Lawn Tennis Clubs. They are used on the Cricket Grounds of the Ox'"ord and Edin- burgh Universities and numerous Collpges and Public Schools. They are made in six sizes, 26 to 48 inches. Prices from £14 lOs. to £32. Complete Price LISTS ?nay be obtr.oiedfrom any respectable Ironmonger, or RANSOMES, SIMS & JEFPERIES (Ld.), IPSWICH. EANSOMES' NEW PATENT EDGE CUTTER. § PATENT ''pHIS Machine is a light, simple, strong, and JL Useful substitute for Hand Shears, for trimming the edges of Lawns. It can be guided with the greatest ease either in a straight line or round the edges of il iwer beds, &c. The depth of cut can be vaiied to suit the depth of the edge by simply tilting the conical roller more or less. The knives can b-; adjusted to the fixed blade as they wear, and cin be readily removed for sharpening. Of coiifse, in th: first instance, the edj^es ilwulit be fitcfiured /or the Edge Cutter^ as no machine can work wh-ii ihe edges arc filled up with ditt, gravd, and leaves. After it h&s. br:eii Used a few times ^nd the ed^es get mto form, (he saving ifTected by the use of the imp'ement will be mai vellous ; iu fact, after a little practice, a man can trim the edges as fast as he can walk, thus doing from five to ten timei as much wurk as with the ordinary sh-ars. Price .. 353. Carji'ig^e Fijit to wiy A'l/.TCrif Station RANSOMES, SIMS & J£FFERI£3 (Limited), Ipswich. SILVER SAND, excellent, coarse, 7^. and 8*. per ton. PEAT, excellent. 6s., 8s. and loi. per cubic yard. LOAM, excellent, los. and 125. per cubic yarJ. Fiee on rail by truckloads. In sacks at moderate prices. W, SHORT, Horticultural Company, Midhurst, Sussex. JOHN CORBETT, Kot-water Engineer, CORPORATION ROAD, CARLISLE, Inventor and Sole Manufacturer of the RIGMADEN WROUGHT-IRON WATERWAY FIRE- BAR BOIIERS The best and most tcjnomical Boilers ever introduced. An additional heating power of fully one-third is obtained by ihe use of these Wroufiht-iion Watei way Bars. Chu*ches^ Schcols, and all Horticultural Buildmgs Heatei on the most approved princip'es by Hot U'ate". PLANS AND ESTIMATES FREE. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the most useful kind of Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a parden should possess one. The sashes turn right over one on the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid 10 any station in England, ready glazed and painted: — 6 leet long. 4 feet wnle, packing cases free jL.2 15 o 12 feet long, 4 feet wide, ,1 ,, t* 4150 6 feet long, 5 icci wiuc, „ „ .t 3 '5 ° 12 feet long, 5 feet wide, ,, ,. _ ■< 6 10 o 'i he glass is nailed and puttied in. B. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON MANCHESTER. HENRY ORMSON & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER HEATING ENGINEERS, STANLEY BRIDGE, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. Catalogues, Plans and Estimates free on application. Surveys made and Gentlemen waited on in any part of the Country 392 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 21, 18 IPiSSRglp -^ THE ONLY LAWN MOWER FITTED WITH DOUBLE £0££O SOt£ f IAT£ mABum THE CUTTINC PARTS Easily Worked' . --^^_ , f Makins the Lawn like Velvet B^ . Dobs not get out of order PR ICES. To CUT 10 INCHES WIDE, £3 10 OlTO CUTISIUCHESWIOE.ia 0 0 TOCUTIZINCHESWIOE, * 10 » To cuiJ2lucKj-;winE Bias TOCUTKIMCHESWIOE, 5 |o j '" '^'"22irreH£5WIDE, B 10 0 TOCUTI6INCHESWIDE, G 10 olTo CUrZI-INCHESWIOE. S 0 0, nUn^^iLLUSTRATEO LISTS of' THESE UNRIVALLED MACHINES POST FREE OF'A.UI- SIZE.S ALEX. SHANKS & SON DENS IRON WORKS ARBROATH ?< 27 LEADENHALL STREET, LONDON. E , C. A large Stook of Machines of all sizes always kept — at27Leadenhall Street — ■ r -WHERE REPAIRS CAN ALSO BE EXECUTED — T ^ . SMALL LAWN MOWERS , 61WCH B5f- , TiNcn 3S/- t BtwcM ^5/- ^ oil Faint no Longer Necesssirv. ILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH, for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone.. (Re^titered Trade Mark.) H This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on all outdoor woik, while it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and its genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most flattering testimonials have been received. Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at \s. 6d. per gallon, at the Manufactory, or is. Zd. per gallon carriage paid to any Station in the Kingdom. Unsolicited Testimonial. *'' Piercefield Park, June 21, 1876.— Sirs. — I have this day forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask, to be filled and returned with as good Varnish as the last we had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours re- spectfully, Wm Cox." CAUT/ON.^HiLL Si Smith would particularly warn their Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much advertised. H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ; and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article, Kvery cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered Trade Mark as abave, without which none is genuine. Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field and Entrance dales. &c . sent free on application 10 HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, S^a(rord^hire : J 18, Queen Victoria Street, London, E C. ; and 196, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. Russia Mat Merchants. ARCHANGEL MATS, I'ETERSBURG MATS, of ^>11 qualities and sizes. RAFFIA FIKRK, TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER, &c. For Wholesale Prices aopiv to the largest Importers and Manufaclurers — MAREN- DAZ AND FISHER, 9, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C. G _^ARDEN NETTING, HOTHOUSE -' SHADINGS &c. Before buying for the season send for Samples and Prices to RIGBV, WAINWRIGHT and CO , Manufacturers, Neptune Works, Manchester. JOHN SHAW AND CO., 31, Oxford Street, '" Manchester, Manufacturers of TIFFANY and NET- TING of every Description. Circular and Prices on application. Fishermen always buy new Netting, wear It very hard for six years, then sell it to the Gardener for haU its original cost, thus wearing a good article six years at the same price the r.ardener pays for the old nets that only last two year«. BUY NEW NETTING. 2 yards wide, 4^'., or4 yards wide, &d. per yard, tanned ; or the REPAIRkD FISHING NET, 2\ards wide, ics per loo yards ; 4 yards wide, 205. per 100 yards.— W. CULLINGFORD, Forest Oate. E. GARDE N N ETT i N G. S. A. SANDS (Successor to J. W, Haythorn), MANUFACTURER OF HEXAGON AND CHISWICK GARDEN NETS. Warranted to Protect Bloom from Frost, Winds, Hail, ard Fru t Irom Birds, Wasp*, &c. Pattern and Prices Free per Post. TANNED GARDEN NETTING. 1 yard wide.. K'^- per yard I 3 yards wide . . 2',^(f. per yard 2 yards wide . . 1 J^d. per yard | 4 yards wide . . 3,^. per yard. 50a yards and upwards delivered free to aoy part. GREENHOUSE SHADINGS. SCRIM, TIFFANY and COTTON NETTING. A set of samples, with prices, post-free. RUSSIA MATS, RAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPF.R, PEAT. SILVER SAND, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, GARDEN TOOLS, &c.. at the lowest possible piices. DcHiiplive CA TALOGUE poU-frce on afplicalion. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 149. Commercial Street, Shoredltch, London, E. TING 72.inch, 6%d. \ 72-inch, ^)^d.•, DINGS Address — S. A. SANDS, 20, CLUMBER STREET, NOTTINGHAM. GARDEN NET (each piece 30 yards long). No. 2 at J^y^d. per run 5 ard of 54 inches ; ico-inch, Z%d. No. 3 at ^\id. per run yard of 54 inches; ico-inch, \Q%d. HOTHOUSE SHA (each piece 30 yards 1 ng). Fine NETTING sM*^- per run yard of 54 inches ; 73 iiich,7i^inch. is. 6 f. No. 6 NETTING 10^. per run yard of 54 inches; 72-inch, IS. id.', I o inch, IS. 71/. No. 1 TIFFANY. 3.?. 6J. per piece, 20 yards X 38 inches wide. Nr. 2 TIFFANY, 45. per riece, 20 yards y 38 inches wide. P."-.— Neitinesand Shadings made up in blinds if required. RALPH WALLER and CO. (Limited), 45, Dale Street, Manchester. 55,000 OF THESE CELE- BRATED MACHINES IN USE. SENT CARRIAGE PAID. NO CHARGE FOR PACKING. PRICES firom ONE GUINEA EACH. A Month's Trial allowed, and If not approved of can be returned unconditionally, A^. B. — A/ach ines of any make repaired and made equal to new. Prize Medals awarded aa follows :— Birmingham, 1872 — Meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society. Priie awarded to F. & B.'s Machine in competition with aU the principal makers — ist Prize Medal. Parts, 1878 — International Exhibition — iit Prixe Medal. Vienna, 1873— International Exhibition — ist Prize MedaL Brussels, 1874 — International Exhibition — 1st Prize MedaL Melbourne, 1881 — International Exhibition — Diploma of Merit, ^ , Alexandra Palace, 1873 — International Lawn Mower Contest— The Q/ ^st Prize. [rst Prize Medal. ^> >/ Manchester, 1875— Society for the Promotion of Scientific Industry— "VV/*^ Manchester, 1874— International Show— ist Prize Medal. MedaL ^\^r Manchester, 1873 — Grand International Horticultural Exhibition— ist Prize / Liverpool, 1872 — Manchester & Liverpool Agricultural Society— ist Prize MedaL FOLLOWS AND BATE (Limited), beg to direct attention to the variety of LAWN MOWERS they manufacture, all of which are made of the best materials, and with due regard to those essential points necessary to ensure durability as well as perpbc- tion in working. The large demand that has existed for several years for their Machines (which are sold bv all respectable Ironmongers), together with the highest distinctions gained by them in various International Exhibitions and Public Contests — includmg Paris, Vienna, Brussels, LonJon. Birmingham. Manchester. Liverpool. Wigan. &c —sufficiently aitest their merits. Complete Illustrated Horticultural List now ready— Post-free. FOLLOWS & BATE (Limited), Dutton Street Worl their REPORT, say : — •■The ■ AROHIMEDEA.N ' did the EESr WORK of any Lawn Mower exhibited." ALSO AT Sydney Fxliibition, 1879-80 AND AT Melbourne Fxhibition/801 Opinions of the Frees : " Far superior to any of curi,"~ Vide The Fu'td. " Rt-marl'ahly easy to w )ik." — Vide GnrJencn' Mttgazitte. " Th*^ quickest, most simple, and most efficient mower ever used." — Vide Cardenos Ch'onich. " We feel bound to recommend it to ( ur readers as one of the best mowers we have as yet maHe acquaintance with."— Vide Floral World. PRICES FROM 25s. Delivered, Caniaee Frfp, »n all Rail- way Stations in deai Britain. WILLIAMS & CO. (Limited), Manufacturers and Patentees. SELLING AGENTS -JOHN C. ROLLINS & CO. an LONDON, E.G. AMERICAN HTED), MERCHANTS, Ogi:es—\oZ, UPPER THAMES STREET, XVtirehoiises—OLD SWAN WHARF, HOBTICULTUKAt STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED. WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES. TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, «5C. -1 o o 2 H > "58 - S HOT-WATEB APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS, HARNESS ROOMS, DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION. Wright & Holmes. Illustrated Price LIS T free on application to the Patentees, WRIGHT & HOLMES, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRIMINGHAM. GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Kaflia Mats, Bamboo Caoes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapei.t Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, go, Lower Thames St.. London. E.C. IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS, Iron and Wire Espalier, &c. CA T A LOGU E Fril. Please name this paplr. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON; And 3. Crooked Lane. King William Street, London. E.C. SPECIAL G LASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c. All sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application. T. & W, F A R M I L O E, Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W. B E LG I AN^ LASS for G RE ENHOUSES, 4c. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SON, 9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. E.C. B, & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by T2 in. , ao in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in , in i6-o<. and 2i-az. ; and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in 200-ft. and 100-ft, cases DOULTON & WATTS, LAMBETH POTTERY, LONDON, S.E. VASES, PEDESTALS. FOUNTAINS, QABDEN EDQINQS, &c., IMPERISHABLE '"terra COTTA. #«?S^ Tiles for Lining Walls of Conservatories. ART POTTERY, including JARDINIERES AND OTHER Table Decorations, and Vases. Fountains, &c., for the Conserratory, in DOULTON WARE, LAMBETH FAIENCE, AND THE NEW SILICON WARE. Show Booms, Albert Embankment, S.E. Bostier's Garden Edging Tiles. ■'HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS - are made in materials of great duiability. The plainer sorts are specially ,^„ suited for KITCHEN '-^ GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or In..ect=, take up little room, and, once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior fiuish, and in great variety of design F. KOSHER AND CO, Manufacturers, Upper Ground Sireet, Blacfcfriars. S.E. ; King's Road, CheUea, S.W. ■ Kingsland Road. E. Agents lor LOOKER'S PATENT" ACME" FRAMES. PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES: also for FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c , from 31. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Piain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copmgs, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement.&c. F. ROSHER AND CO, Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SILVER SAND, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK. BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N B —Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Whaive* A liberal Discount to the Trade, 394 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [March 21, 1885. THE GARDENERS;^ CHRONICLE. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING. Head Line c/iarg-ed as two. 4 Lines. ../o 1 0 15 Lines ...f,o S 6 5 „ ... 0 ,1 6 16 ... 0 q 0 6 „ ... 0 4 0 17 ... 0 9 6 7 „ ... 0 4 6 18 .. 0 10 0 « „ ... 0 S 0 19 ... 0 10 6 9 „ ... 0 ■; 6 20 ... 0 1 1 0 10 „ ... 0 6 0 21 ... 0 1 1 6 11 „ ... 0 6 6 22 ... 0 12 0 12 „ ... 0 7 0 23 ... 0 12 6 13 „ ... 0 7 6 24 .. 0 i"i 0 14 „ ... 0 S 0 25 .. 0 1.3 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EV ERY ADDITIONAL LINH. Use across columns, the lowest charge «M be ^M. Page ../,0 0 0 Half Page .. 5 0 0 Column .. 3 S 0 GARDENERS, and OTHERS. WANTING SITUATIONS. 26 words iJ. 6i/,, and 6d. for every additional lioe {about Q words) or part of a line. THESB ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BB PRBPAID. IMPORTANT NOTICE. — Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices^ as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities aiui returtied to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, sj, each insertion. Advertisements for the C7t7-rent -week must reach the Office &V Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. Thb United Kingdom : 12 Months, ^1 Ss, lOd. 6 Months, lis. lid. ; 3 Months, 6s, Foreign (excepting India and China) : including Postage, £1 6S. for 12 Months; India and China, £1 8s. 2d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at DRURY LANE, W.C. to W. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. London, W.C. LAWN MOWER REPAIRS. DEANE and CO. have SPECIAL FACILITIES for Grinding and Repairing Lawn Mowers of all makes, a large staff of EXPERIENCED WORKMEN being employed for lhepurp-)se. THOROUGHNESS in REPAIK and MODE- RATE CHARGES guaranteed. Early orders for repairs aie requested, as it is dif^cuU to insure prompt delivery if left till ihe beginning of the season. Estimates given in all cases before commencing the work. C\r\ PER CENT. FOR CASH /\\ off all lawn mowers, aJ \j carriaqe paid. All the best makes of La-wn Mowers in Stock. Lawn Mowers, Rollers. Barrows, Garden Seats, Spades. Forks, and Tools, Wirework, &c., &c DEANE AND CO.'S ILLUSTRATED GARDEN CATA- LOGUE tlhe most complete Catalogue of Garden Furnituie published) gratis aud post-free. DEANE & (■^■^-^), LONDON CO., BRIDGE. TAKE NOTICE OF WOOD & MILTON'S PATENT. The Future Boiler for Nurserymen and Gardeners, Healing any amount up to 15,000 (t. Advantages over all other inven- tions. Price List tree onapplicaticn. Please write your addre; sss plainly. T. WOOD, Hot-water Engineer, RUDGEWAY HOUSE, EASTVILLE, BRI.STOL. Gentlemen having Waste or TJnprofitable Ily, by letter only, to MALCOLM S. COOKE, 9, Old Broad Street, Lordon, E.C. WANTED, a FOREMAN, for the Houses, who thoroughly understands Plants, Forcing of Fruits, and the General Routine of Indoor Work. Wages 22^. per week with milk, extra for Sunday. No bothy. Good character required. — Apply, HEAD GARDENER, Elm Court, Mitcham, Surrey. W BALL AND CO. REQUIRE IMMEDl- • ATELY a respectable and pushing young man, 25 or 30 years of age, asGROWRER, Plant and Cut Flower SALES- MAN. One wli3 has a good knowledge of Wreath and Bouquet making, and has 611ed a similar situation. Must be possessed olan excellent character, and furnish good testimonials. — Apply by letter in own handwriting, Bedford Road Nurseries, North- ampton. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, TWO or THREE young MEN, well up in Growing Choice Plants and Flowers for Market, Florists, &c. None need apply who have not been in a good Nursery. State wages and all particulars. — W. JACKSON and CO., Nurseries, Bedale. WANTED, in a Provincial Nursery, a MAN to Propagate and Grow (under Glass) a General Collection of Plants. Wages to commence at 24^. Satisfactory references as to abilities, &c., indispensable. — F. F., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41. WeHington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a young MAN, with some expe- rience in Growing Ferns for Market. — Apply personally to J. WILLIAMS, The Nursery, 33A, Turner Road, Lee, Blackheath, S.E. WANTED, a young MAN, to take a leading part where Grapes. Tomatos, &c. , are grown for Market, also Plants and Cut Flowers for Retail Shop.— Apply^ stating full particulars, to W. E. CRUMP, Ranelagh Gardens, Leamington. WANTED, a young MAN for the Rose Trade. Must be well up in Budding and Varieties, and Staging. Will have charge of Outdoor and assist under Glass and General Nursery Work. — State age, wages, references and experience —J. MAYO, Rose Grower and Horist, St. Mary's Road Nursery, Bulhngdon Road, Oxford. WANTED, a young MAN, for General Nursery work. Must be a good hand at Grafting and Budding. — Apply, with references, to MARSHALL BROS. AND Co., Nurserymen, Barnham, Bognor. WANTED, a young MAN, for the Pleasure Grounds, wha thoroughly understands Mowing with Scythe and Machine. Wages iS^. per week and lodgmgs. — Send particulars to C. GOLDSMITH, Wickham Lodee, Kelsey, Beckenham, Kent. WANTED, TWO or THREE good SPADE HANDS, well up in Nursery Planting. Liberal wages for good hands — none else need apply. — CHAS. KERSHAW, The Slead Syke Nurseries, Brighouse. Yorks, WANTED, a Gentleman, to take the entire CHARGE of the COUNTING-HOUSE of a leadmg Nursery establishment, with a view to PARTNERSHIP or PURCHASE. Must be able to invest in the business a con- siderable amount of cash. Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 08, Cheapside, E.C. WANTED, in one of the Midland Seed and Nurseiy Hou-e=, an INVOICE CLERK. Must b« quick and accurate at fii^ures, and willing to make himself useful.— State salary expected, which (to commence) must be moderate, to ALPHA, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W C WANTED, an APPRENTICE to the Seed Trade. — An old-established Firm, having a large connec- tion in the Midlands, have a Vacancy for a well educated youth — M. N. O.. Gardrtiers' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. WANT PLACES. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers., and Others. — It is very important in Remitting by Postal Order that it should be /Hied in payable at DRURY LANE, to IV. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is knoivn, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may Jail from iiegoliating it. N.B. — The best andsojest means oj Remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER. BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he • has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register some excellent Men. competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities will be made.— Holloway. N, SCOTCH GARDENERS. —John Downie, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin- burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging from ^1^50 to ;{|ioo per annum, and he will be pleased to supply full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust- worthy and competent Gardener. P>ICHARD SMITH and CO. V beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. Journeymen and Foremen, Scotch. TOHN DOWNIE, Seedsman, 144, Princes ^ Street, Edinburgh, has at present on his Books a number of first-rate Young Men who wish to go to England.— Parti- culars on application. To LANDED PROPRIETORS, &c.— A. McIntvre (late of Victoria Park) is now at liberty to undertake Formation and Planting of New Girden and Park Grounds, and Remodelling existing Gardens. Flans prepared. 115, Listria Park, Stamford Hill, N. GARDENER (Head).— Understands Early and Late Forcing of Flowers, Fruits, and Veget.ibles. Fourteen years' character from late employer.- L. I'ANSON, Foxley, Hereford. GARDENER (Head) ; age 34.— A. Gates, the last four years Head Gardener to W. Roy, Esq. , is open to engage with any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical Gardener, — BYAMS, Marchwood, Southampton. GARDENER (Head).— Age 41, married, no family : understands Early and Late Forcing, Flowers, Fruits, Vines, Peaches, Vegetables.— E. TOUGH, The Almner's Lodge, Chertsey, Surrey. GARDENER (Head). — A. Gentleman wishes to recommend his Head Gardener to any one requiring a thoroughly trustworthy man. Well no in all branches. Leaving for no fault.— CHARLES LISTER, Esq , Agden Hall, Lymm, Cheshire. GARDENER (Head, where one or more are kept, or Second in a good est^iblishnrenl). — Age aS, married, no family ; understands the general routine of Garden- ing. Well recommended.— H. J., 13, Fleet Road, Hamp- stead. N.W. r:j.ARDENER(HEAD);'middle-aged,nofamiIy. VJ — Sir T. E. CoLHBRoOKE, Bart., M.P , wishes torecom- mend his late Head Gardener, who has served him tor many years. Active and industrious.— JAMES MANDERSON, 16, Vorley Road, Junction Road, Upper Holloway, London, N. GARDEDER (Head); age 31, married.— Mr. Ward, Gardener to Lord Windsor, Hewell Grange, Bromsgrove, can thoroughly recommend a first-cLiss man as above to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the serrvice^ of a thoroughly experienced Gardener in all branches. Good references. GARDENER (Head) ; age 37, married.— Mr. Tillvard, Gardener to Earl Varborough. Brocklesby Park,Ulceby, Lincolnshire, can with every confidence recommend a thoroughly practical man. High-class Fruit Grower, Sic, and one fully competent to manage a large establishment. In last situation eight years as Head Gardener. Highest references. GARDENER (Head), to any Lady, Noble- man, or Gentleman recjuiring the service'; of a thoroughly practical trustworthy man. — The Advertiser (Scotch), for the past hix years in the service of the late Karl of Wilton, leaving through the displenishment of the gardens. First-class refer- ence to .T titled lady; eleven years' first-clafs testimonials from previous employer.— W. M. BAILLIE, Healon Park, Man- chester. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40, three children (youngest, five years old). Twenty years* experience.— WM. CLARKE, (late) P. Caxenove, Esq., Claphnm Common, S.W, Makch 21, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 395 GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 3S, married, one child ; tmdcrstands the profession iu all its branches. Seven years' gond character. — J. P., ii, Fruet Street, Worth Village, Keighley. GARDENER^Head Working).— Age 37, married, no family ; thoroughly praciicil in every branch. L aviiie through death. Excellent character. — G. MuRRlSS, /^AKiJ£.AiLK i.HiiALJ WORKING), where "-^ more are kept, — Thorovighly understands Eaily and Late Farcin J of Fiuit. Cut Flowers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flowe- and Kitchen Gardening, Land and Steele. — A. C, B3, Salt-H„rv Ko.-»d, Upoer HoUnwav. London, N. GARut,i\iiK (_HE.VD Working).— Age 39, ma-'ied: understands Vinos, Melons, Cucumber-;, Stove and Greenh )use Plants, loniatos, P«aches,Ntctarines, Kitchen and Flower Gardeuing. Six ye^^rs with late employer. — GAR- DENER, 51 Kl'-T kmH. Hpmps'e.id. N,\V. GARD£iNi!-K (rtEAU working}.— Age 28, married ; thoroughly experienced ui Stove. Greenhouse, Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, and geneial Garden Work. Four years' character. — W. JONtS, Norihgate End, Bishop's Stortford. GARDENi!-K (Head Working). — Age 34, married; upwaids of twenty years* sound practical experience in some '>f the leading etablishmcots of the cjuniry. —HAROLD, Mr. Myatt, Hamber Lane, Preston, Wellington, Salop. C:j.ARDENER (Head Working), where two ^ or more are kep. ; age 4-', married, no family. — A Gentleman wishes to rejommenu his Gardener, who has been with him fourteen years, and is leaving f^r no fault ; thoroughly experienced in all bran;hes.— W. A. SMI 1 H-MASl EK.-, Camer, Gravesend. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married, no incumbrance. Abstainer. Thoroughly understands Grapes, Peaches. Melons, Cucumbers, Siov« aud Greeenhouse Plants, also Fruit, Flower, and Kitchen Gardening in all branches. Four and a half years' tirst-class reference from late employer. — G. K., 15, Woodford Road. Watford, Herts. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married, no family ; thorough y unde^^tands the Forcing of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables : niso of Flower and Kitchen Garden and Grounds. Wife as Cole or Dairywomau. Four years' good character from present situation, sixteen years' previous. — PETER STODDART, Hall Stteet, Long Meiford, Suffolk. GARDENER (Head Working, or good Single-handed). — A^c 2;, sinj^Ic; thoroughly expe- rienced in all branches ; firsi-claaS leferences.— G. W., Mr. Whittle, Currey Rivel, Someriet. GARDENER (Head, or good Single- handed), where help is given).— Age 25, single ; good experience in the Garden and Glass vVork. — E. KING, Purbrook, near Cosham, Hants. To Noblemen and Gentlemen. GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and BAILIFF (Working). — Age 44, niinicd; thoroughly practical in all branches, the Forcing of all kinds of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, als 3 % ood Flower and Kitchen Gardener, g-x>d Manager of Land and Stock, Electing New Buildings, energetic and trustworthy. Six and a halt years' good chiracter last place, highest tesiimoniaU previous. — F. A. HICKS, S, Gladstone Road, Maidstone, Kent. /^ARDENER, where one or two are kept. — V_J Age 27, single ; eleven year.-.' experience in the general routine of Gardening. — Apply, stating particulars to T. CAL- LINGHAM, The Gardens. South Villa. Regent's Park, N.W. GARDENER, in the Houses, under good Foreman, or woik Inside and Out, used to both. Good character. Bothy preferred. — J. PRGiSER, Porihkerry, Cowbridge, Glamorganshire. ARDENER, practical ; age 2S.— I have great satisfaction in recommending James Reeves as above, who has been Foreman here for the last two year?, — For particulars, Mr. S. BURGESS, The Gardens, Lesencss, Abbey Wood. Kerrt. G' ARDENER, where assistance is given, or ' SECOND where three or more are kept.— Age 23, single ; used to Indoors and Out, and Forcing Vines, Pines, Peaches, and Cucumbers. Over three years' good character from present situation. Bothy not objected to.— E. DAVIES, The Gardens, Sitverton Park, near Coliumpton, Devon. ARDENER, BAILIFF, and GENERAL ESTATE MANAGER, or otherwise, working.— J. Elliott, fcr the last fifteen years holding the above situation with B. St. John Ackers, Esq., ol Prinktiash Park, including the well known Herd of Shorthorn Cattle, begs to offer his services to any Lady or Gentleman in want of a thoroughly experienced man in each catjacily. Leaving through the estate being sold. — J. ELLIOTT, Gastrins Farm, Upton St. Leonards, near Gloucester. GARDENER (Single-handed or other- wist). — Age 27. married, two children. No objection to a cow. Good references.— JUHN GOLDSON, Manor House, Kingston, near Lewes. GARDENER (Single-handed), to any Lady cr Gentleman rxquiring a good practical and energetic man. — Age 27 ; five years in last situation. Excellent character. — E. C, Shakespeare Cottages, Byron Road, Margate. GARDENER (good Single-handed). — Age 3S, no family ; well understands all branches. Highest references; eight years" previous.— H. H., 88, Park Street, Camden Town, N.W. GARDENER (good Second or otherwise). — Age 26, married ; thoroughly understands the profession. Good Plantsman and Propagator, Table and other Decorations. Can be well recommended. — W. WATERS, The Grove, Church Street, Epsom. ARDENER (Second), where three or more are kept.— Age 22; over two years in present situation. Good character from present and previous situations. — F. SAN SOME, Rauceby HaU. Sleaford. GARDENER (Second, or under the Fore- man in the Houses, or Help Outside. )— Ageai ; abstainer Good ch.iracter from present situation.- J. FLETCHER, The Garden?, Aldershot Park, Hants. (^ARDENER (Second), or otherwise.— V>* Married; thorough knowledge of the profession in all branches. Can have a thorough recommendation. — W. M,, 35, Ririiwell Koad, Brixton, S.W. / ^ARDENER (Under), in a Nobleman's or V_J Gentleman's place. — Age 22; good character. — J. H., '7. Regent Street, Briton Ferry, Glamorganshire. C ^ARDENER (Under). — Age 22; four -^ years' experience Indoors and Out.— A. B., 150. Well- field Road, Streaiham, S.W. GARDENER (Under), where three or more are kept. — Age 20: has been seven years in his present place. and willbevery highly recommended.— A. HEMMINGS, Piccoit's End, Heinel Hempstead. IpOREMAN,— Age 24 ; good references ; two years in present situation.— WM. AMESBURV, The Gardens, Clareraont, Cievedon, Somerset. FORE^MAN, in the Houses.— Age 26 ; ten years' experience in all branches. Three years in present situation. Can be thoroughly recommended.— C. ROBER I'S, Rockingham, Leicester. C^OREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age ^ 25 ; nine years' good experience. Two years in present situation. Good character.- W. HARDING. The Garden?, Fenion Park, Andover, Hants. FOREMAN; age 27, married.— Mr. Rann, Handcnsi Park, Crawley, can highly recommend a thorough practical, energetic man as above, who has lived with him four and a half years, AUecquiries will be duly answered. FOREMAN ; age 27.— Mr. Stagg, Gardener to p. Rawson, Esq., Woodhurst, Crawley, Sussex, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, who has lived with him six years, to any one requiring a thoroughly trustworthy, energetic man. Eleven years' experience. ij^OREMAN, in the Houses.— Has had good experience in the <-ultivation of Vines, Pmes, Cucum- bers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. Eight years' characters from present and previous employers. — C. B , Tenri- pleton Gardens, Roehampton, Surrey, tj^OREMAN (Outdoor), in a good esta- -L blishment,— Age 25 ; thoroughly experienced in all kinds of Outdoor Work. Kitchen Garden, and Pleasure Grounds. Thoroughly recommended.— T. P. P., Houghton House, High Road, Tottenham, Middlesex. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN (Outdoor).— Twenty years' experience in the Progagation and Culture ol Roses, Fruit Trees, Conifers, and other Stock. Unexceptional references as to character and ability.— FOREMAN, The Nursery, War- minster, Wilts. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN (Indoor). — Fourteen years' practical experience with first-class firms ; unexceptional references as to character and abilty. — J,, 8, Seventh Avenue, Bush Hill Park, Enfield. FOREMAN, or SECOND, in a Gentleman'~s establishmem. — Age 26 ; well up in all branches of Gardening. Good references. — F. 6,, Mr. Tapsall, South Street, Westerham Hill, Kent. OREMAN, or SECOND, in Kitchen Garden or Pleasure Grounds.— Age 26 ; has filled similar situations ; can be highly recommended. Stven years' excellent character irom present situation. — G. A. B., i. Park Cottage, North Malvern, Worcestershire. FOREMAN, or good SECOND, in a large establishment. — Age 24 ; has had ten years' experience in Plants, Fruit, Orchids, &c. Steady, persevering. Nearly three years' good character from present employer.— G. WALLER, 66, Lowden Road, Heme HiU, S.E. OREMAN, or good SECOND ; age 27.— Mr. George Clinging, Head Gardener, Marden Park, Caterham Valley, Surrey, can, with a 1 confidence, recommend his second man as above, who has been with him four years. Total abstainer.— S. BIGWOOD, Marden Park, Caterham Valley, Surrey. To Nurserymen. GENERAL FOREMAN under Glass.— Age 42 ; one of the most practical men in the trade. Market or otherwise.- A. W. E,, 7, Mill Street. Altrincham, Cheshire. URSERY FOREMAN.— Age 27 ; well Jp in the Propagation and Growing of Plants, also Wreaths, Crosses, Bouquets, &c. Can be highly recommended from present and previous employers. — G. H., 4, Vigo Crescent, Bedford Roao, Northampton. PROPAGATOR and GROWER, GLASS FOREMAN.— Age 32 ; Plants, Cut Flowers. Cucumbers, Tomatos, Grapes, Market and Nursery experience. — T. D,, lA, Winslade Road, Upper Clapton, London, E. TOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, t' in a good establishment. GockI character from last situation.— F. W.,5r, Torrington Road, South Ashford, Kent. TOURNEYMAM (First), in the Houses, in f^ a large establishment. — Age 22; seven years' experience. Highly recommended by present and previous employers. — W. WELLS, Nostell Gardens, near Wakefield. TOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.— t/ Age 19 ; four years in the Houses. Good character from present and previous place.— Abstainer.— F. TALBOTT, 30, Elgin Terrace, Maida Vale, Paddington, London, W, JOURNEYMAN.— J. Dale, Gardener to W. t/ Gibbs, Esq.. Clevelands, Shanklin, Isle of Wight, can highly recommentl G. Aylwerd. Seven years' practical ex- perience, three and a half in present situation. Bothy preferred. 1 —Address as above. TOURNEYMAN, in a Nursery or good ^' garden.— Age 18; two years* experience.— C. R., Elm Cottage, Arundel, Sussex. TOURNEYMAN, in the" Houses, in a "good ^* establishment.— Age -n ; thoroughly experienced. C;ui be well lecommended. — W. H., Higher Lytchelt, Poole. D. rsf-t. TOURNEYMAN, in the "Houses,~[n' a" good " establishment. — Age ao: has had five years' experience Good character.— HENRY KtRR, Lady Gate, Breighlmei, Bolton. TOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment. ^^ —Age 19; two years' good character from present place. Bothy prtferred.— E. GLOVER, The Gardens, Wood Hall, Dulwich, S.E. TOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's Garden^ ^ —Age 21 ; has had six years' experience where Grapes, Peaches. Cucumbers, Melons, and Tomatos, have been grown in quantities, besides a general Collection o( Stove and Green- house Plants for Autumn and Winter Decoration.- GEORGE HUNT, Severn Stoke, Worcester. JOURNEYMAN (Second), in the Houses in a good establishment. — Age zi ; bothy preferred. Can have seven and a half years' good character.— G. JANES, Gaddesden Place, Hemel Hempstead. TMPROVER, or JOURNEYMAN, in a -*- Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden.— Age 18. Bolhy pre. fcired. Four years' good character. — R. blLK, Gardener, Whiteness, Margare. TMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age iS ; two J- years' good character, four years' previous.— T. CRANE, West Lodge. Barnet, Herts. TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's garden. — -^ Age 17; three years' experience in Gardening, Good references.-C. R.. i, Shaftesbury Terrace, Warwick Road, Kensington, S.W. TMPROVER (Outside), in a Gentleman's -*- establishment, where Fruit and Vegetable Growinu; may be 'thoroughly learnt in all branches, — Age 20 : excellent character; nearly two years in Nursery.— MACFARLANE, 15, Woodsome Road, London, N.W. To Head Gardeners and Others. TMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's -A- garden, where a thorough system of Gardening is carried out.— Age 18; two and a half years under glass. Good references — FLORIST, 5, Finsbury Road, Ramsgate, Kent. A PPRENTICE^Wanted to apprenti^Tli ■CX. youth (age 17) in a Genileman'a, GatdeD, ftemlum given.— C. PREKCE, Hindlip Hall. Worcester. npO GARDENERsT^Wamed, a situation as J- ^ FIRST, where two.orthree are kept, in the Houses.— Ten years' experience. First class testimonials. — Apply, with par- ticulars, to W. B.. Mrs. Albery, Carfax, Horsham, Sussex. nno MARKET NURSERYMEN.— ATyoung -t_ man, who has been employed in Public and in Piivaie Gardens, desires to meet with a situation in a London ^Lllket Nursery: where some Fruit is Grown for Market preferred. Good references. Premium paid if required, for good Nursery only. Please state full particulars.- J. JOHNSON, The Elms, Lytham, Preston. fyO NURSERYMEN, &c. — A youth (in J- eighteenth year) desires an engagement in a good Nursery, or under a Forester— In or Outdoor. Premium or Douceur i( required. Wages expeded.— S. S., Page's, lo?. Fleet Street, EC. f^rO SEEDSMEN.— A young man (age 26) -1- desires a situation in the Seed Business. Good knowledge of Vegetable, Flower, and Farm Seeds, Horticultural Sundnt-s. Book-keeping. Could Manage a Branch —R. h.^ Gardeners' Chronicle, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Seed Trade. SHOPMAN,or WAREHOUSEMAN.— Age 23; thorough knowledge of Farm and Garden Seed"^, Bulbs, &c. Nine years' experience. Good references. — G. W. COY, 54. Pemblett Street, Cheetham, Manchester. OANDY MAN wants situation ; Joiner, can •M-M~ do Painting. Glazing, &c. Wages moderate. Good character.— R. N., Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 4t. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GRATEFUL— COMFORTING. EP PS' S COCOA. BREAKFAST. " By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli- cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps has provided our breakfast tables with a delicately flavoured beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point. We may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Service Gazette, Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold only in Packets, labelled thus :— JAMES EPPS & CO., HomcBopatUc CliemlBtfl, London. OLLO WAY'S PI LLS.-In general debility, mental depression, and nervous irritability, there is no medicine which operates so like a charm as these famous Pills. A disordered stomach and a torpid liver are fertile sources of gloomy thoughts and dismal forebodings. These Pills elevate the spirits, and, in fact, make the patient sensible of a most delightful revolution in his whole system. They may be com- mended most unreservedly as the very best family medicine in existence. Though so powerfully efficacious, they are singu- larly mild in their operation, and may be given with perfect con- fidence to delicate women and young children. They contain no mercury, or any other noxious substance, and cannot do harm. Delicate females and alt persons of sedentary habits will find these Pills a blessing. 396 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. LMARCH 21, 1885. ^ LU I ildei inee H ^ ? __ CO gq^ q: 0 5 ■Sffi -J < q: 3 o H og ^ LU O < LU ^ f PQ CO 4* CO O " hi " U S O £ S -< o ?"« R -a z o H CO Hi CO LU CO CO CD CD u-l or ^o o o O -:fvO CO VO MD 'O t> ^ "cO NVO CO PI ^ Z - ■" is 3s — E UJ p. I- Z' p II •a Editorial CommunicatioDS should be addressed to "The Editor ; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office. 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed bv William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Fradburv, Agnrw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precmct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by tha said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Tatisb of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturtav. Match 31, 1885. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Cstaljlisijeti 1841. No. 587.— Vol. XXIII. {s^H^rj SATURDAY, MARCH 28. 1885. ( NOTICE to ADVERTISERS. Friday next, April i, being Good Friday, the "Gardeners' Chronicle" will be pb- lishtd on Thursday, April 2, at 2p.m. Adyertisements /or next week must therefore reach the Office not later than Wednesday Morning, April r. CONTENTS. Aplielaodra ciUtati . . 414 Badminton . . . , 405 Clianthus puniceus 416 CuvcLt Gardeu Lifcbjat ihe 412 D&ff.)dil Corgrei5, the .. 412 Daffodils, the doubhag of 411 Eisier Lily, the .. .. 408 Ediaburgh Botanic Gar- dens, plants in (lower at 414 Epidcndrum Pseudspi- dendrum . . 406 Eupatorium atro-rubrens 414 Excrescence on the stem of Cryptomeriajaponica 416 Farmers' Year Book, \\it 412 Filmy Ferns .. .. 406 Florists' flowers . . .. 415 Klower garden, the 410 Friendly lift, a .. .. 417 Fruits under glass 410 Fruit tree blossoms, pro- tection ot .. .. 4>5 Ji'riiillaria Sewerrzovi ,. 414 Fuchsias, feitilisiog aod raising seedling: .. 417 Haarlem, the Quinquen- nial Exhibition at .. 414 Ha^dine^s of plants, the 407 Hariiy fruit garden 411 Kuchen garden, the .. 411 Label", Palm-leaf .. 412 Leek, the Lyon ,. .. 417 Lilies at Mcssis. Beck- with's 41a I Linnean Society of Lon* don Melon, two good varie- ' ties of .. Metropnlit.in Boulevard I and Pldygrouod Asso- ciation Mushroom growing Obituary Orchids at Kosefield „ large masses of im- ported . , ., pruning Palms, garden Parcel Post, the .. Peas Pescatorea Klabochorum Phyllanthus mimosoidei Pine-appIe culture in moss Pinus Coulieri ,. Plants and their culture Rothamsted experiments Scotland, proposed For- esters' and Gardeners' Benevolent Institution for Societies : — Clifton Royal Botanic ., Royal Horticultural . " Scleroiiets,"ihe Potato TulipF, new early, at South Kensington Vanda Stangeaaa Weather, the 4<6 420 407 4,6 4'7 410 416 417 412 414 40S 05 ILLUSTRATIONS. Easter Lily, the Kider growiDg on Oak . . £xc/e;Ceace on the &teai of Cryptoroetia japoiuca . rious Coulteii 4c8 417 416 413 MOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at DRURY LANE. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE SPRING flower show. April IS and i6 Schedules. &c \^a be had by applying to ' ' c- -^ r^. ^. JAS. J. GILLESPIE, Secretary. Cross House Chambers, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Hyacinthus candicans. BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers. Hillegom, near Haailem, Holland. offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 50J. per 1000. JERSEY CHRYSANTHEMUMS.- All ihe best. Ne» and Old LIST free, from H. ELLIOTT, Springfield Nursery, St. Heliei's, Jersey Establiihed i3 !4. ■VTEW ROSES, BEDFORD^liELLE and >-^ gipsy (Laxton).— Full particulars of ihe-e dutinct and beauulul new Roses on application. Strong Plants in May next J Bedford Belle, ^s 6d. ; Gipsy, sj. ■ or of T. LAXTON. Bedlord. TIHORN QUICKi!^ine"sluff;Tt^^ifeI7 -L I5i. oer 100. HOLLY, iSs per ico. " ' W. JACKSON. Blaliedown. Kidderminster. TpOR SALE, at a Low Price, by Private Con- -*- tract, to effect a clearance, about 700 dozen MAR GUERITBS, FUCHSI.AS, St^le'ts, and va^iTus FlorUt stfc^ at Rose Nursery. Angel Road. Edmonton. Apply to F. HOWARD, at the Nursery. O V E L'S STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Price aj. W. per 100, loj. per 500. 17J. 6J. per io;o. m T «„,.. P'° 'S'' Pamphlet, post-free, ^d. W. LOVEL AND SOtJ Strawberry <:,nw^ DrlfE-ld HSeed Poutoa. ""1°, ^;- SHARPE have still in stock all oir.^„* .J! "'''°/ ^^ ?' ^^^^ POTATOS, and are now OSenug them at reduced prices to clear out. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Registered at the General \ Price 6d. Post-office as a Newspaper. jPosT-FKEE, 5 W. Tea Seed. Fr^T. ,.."'':":,'• '«"'llv arrived Irom India. OR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL in small or large lols to Gardeners willing to enter into an arrange- ment to supply ihe importer with Plants, at the rate ot it. each, by flpril, ia:6. Ihe names of ihe Gaideners successful in rearing the plai,ts will be du y notified in a conspicuous manner at the ».xtiibilion to which the plants will be transplanted next year.— tor further tarucular. apply, by letter, to E. F. L, C«ra,»e,^ ChronuU Office, 41. Wellington Street. ?trand, W.C. pARNATIGNS.-'Strong Seedlings, from a v^ splendid Collection of Choice Named Flowers. All 10 bloom this year. Per dozen, 21. 6'a'ieties, prices. &c., apply to CALDWELL AND SONS, Nurserymen. Knutsford, Cheshire. pARNATIONS, PICOTEES, CLOVES, V PINKS, PANSIES. in the very best varieties, strong vigorous plants. Special Trade Quotations SAMUEL HARTLEY, Headingley Nursery. Leeds. tTEATHS a SPECIALTY. - The finest .„ „ Collection of HEATHS, AZALEAS, and HARD- WOODED STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS gener- ally in the country. An inspection solicited T. lACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston-on-Thames. UERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.— r D ^"Z-^X^^i^V^.?. '° P'"' '^^ ""sure success. Write for R. H. VERTEGANS- Pocket CATALOGUE, and make your choice from his unrivalled Collection. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. C^ E D R U S DEODAR A.- V> Just arrived, guaranteed perfectly fresh seed. Price according to quantity on application to HY. CLARKE and SONS, Wholesale Seed Merchants. 39. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. pREEPEKS for Walls, Trellises, &c., in Vy great variety By planting what is suitable, an unsightly objtct may easily be made beaulilul. Descriptive LIST and advice on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester, T AING'S BEGONIA SEED.— GOLD , and bushy in proportion. THOMAS BURY, Arley Nurseries, Mellor, Blackburn. ■ Y\7 ANTED, TURF, 3 feet by i foot, per 100. prior A o = o/'-'i^fJi- ■'''St*' '"° 3 inches through ;-ELM5, POPLARS, PLANES SYCAMORES. ACAt,IAS. Send pnce delivered free at West Brighton Station. W. WILLETT'S Esute Offices, 61, The Drive Hove G^,^aS,',9c^^' PYRETHRUMS, and TrC-ri^o ■ *'.,"'° 's'^'^st collec.ions in Europe. CATA- LOGUES gratis^ELWAV^ANP SON. Langport, Somerset. PAUL'S, W A L T H A M~c"r O S S.— rflMK^MFi^r .I"*^^'^' EVERGREENS. SHRUBS. r4Lir^','^9/of,'?'S' ''■'"'T IREES. GRAPE VINES CAMELLIAS. BULBS. SEEDS, of . very description, of the L6G'lJEs''rre= b os't" """' ^" ^"""^ Descriptive CATA- WM. PAUL AND SON, Paul's Nu series. Waltham Cross. TTERBENAS.— Purple, Scarlet, White, and ' other best varieties, strong, well rooted cuttings, 6j. per 7n'ro^,°?- ^iW^-^ FUCHSIAS, 12 best varieties, it. M. ZONAL PELARGONIUMS, 12 best exhibition iarietier, S"i^o?. .'^'.^^ All post-free for cash with order. KlKJv ALLEN, The Nursery, Fen Drayton, near St. Ives Jtlunts. ' I^EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 1884-5.— -1- '' Our Descriptive Piiced LIST is now ready, and can be had free nn application to T. J' plants. 12 varieties, including rare Tunbridge Filmj , 3t..free. FIT ZPKET, Rathannv. Tralee. Kerry. lyrY PRICE LIST, for 1885, of ORCHIDS tlt'MiViS^l;^Si^,^S< ^y •» '">P"«' f°' directly, or from WERNER MEYER. Esq.. Hamburgh. _^ H. LIETZE. Rio de Janeiro. Caisa 644. Plants for the Season! nHARLES TURNER'S Descriptive y~ CATALOGUE, conlaining some line novelties as well as the choicest selections of established kinds, is now ready The present is the best time to procure plants of Carnations, Picotees Lloves, &c.. to ensure a good bloom. Plants are unusually fine this season. The Royal Nurseries. Slough. OURPLUS STOCK.-Beautiful Specimens of kJ ORNAMENTAL and EVERGREEN TREES, in pei- lect condition for removal, at extraordinarily low prices. o T,-u JS^A'^'cw^Ji J"'' published, on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. "RARR'S THAMES EMBANKMENT ■^ GRASS SEED, as supplied by us to the London Embankments and Parks 215. per bushel. TDARR'S lawn GRASS MIXTURE, for J-» Improving Old Lawns. Laying Down New ^es. Crcqaet Orounds and Bowlmg Greens. Per lb. 11. 4a'., 25,. per busBel. XJARR'S NEW MIXTURE "of DWARF -•-' GROWING GRASSES for very fine Lawns, ij. Id. lb. B B ARR'S GRASS MIXTURES contain NO CLOVER. ARR AND SON, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C. pAULIFLOWER PLANTS, Autumn-Sown, ^^Sf^^-"- 6r/. 120. i8x. 1200. CABBAGE PLANTS. LIST free ^r^'^^^CE, &c., PLANTS, cheap, carriage paid." FPWARD LEIGH, Ivy House. Cranleigh. Surrey. T'h, ^ZEWINNER'S PEA, LAXTON'S .-*- . E^ .ION.— The Premier Exhibition Pea of i88), described 1, .vlr. H. Marriott, the chief prizewinner, as "Ihe Everiasting, Sealed half.pinis. 3t. 6r/. T. LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford. RAPES THIS YEAR FRUITING CANES. PLANTING CANES. Leading kinds, pertectly ripent d without bottom-heat JAM ES DICKSON & SONS. - Newton " Nurseries. Chester A SPARAGUS.— A larf;e quantity to offer, of -i-^ very fine transplanted stulT, 2-yr. and 3-yr., is id and 3J. per loa, 2or. and 25J per 1000. Also 2-yr. from drills, lot per 1000. All packages free on rail. S. BIDE, Alma Nursery, Farnham, Surrey. \ SPARAGUS.— True Giant, 2, 3, and 4-yr -i--»- Fine sample too or icoo, with price, on application. JAMES BIRD. Nurseryman, Downham. Tf^ARLY PURPLE ARGENTEUIL ^A-' ASPARAGUS. -The earliest and finest which comes into Covent Garden. Strong plants, ^!. id. per lOo ; Seed, ir. td. per packet. T. LAXTON, Seed Grower. Bedford. A SPARAGUS.— A large quantity of strong -^^ plants, 2, 3, and 4-yr. old. Prices on application to J. CHEAL AND SONS Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley. SPARAGUS.— Strong 2-yr. and 3-yr. Con- nover's Colossal, zj. and 2f. 6d. per loo, 15J. and aoj. per ICOO. Bags included. Special quotations for large quantities, E. QUINCEY. Fulney. Spalding. 398 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. LMarch 28, 1885. SALES BY AUCTION. Important Sale of a Choice Collection of Carnations, PICOTEES and PINKS of fine groulh, 500 Standard and oiher ROSES, selected FRUI r TREES, HARDY CONIFER.-K, SHRUBS and AMERICAN PLANTS, GREENHOUSE PLANTS in variety, old dark CLOVES, white laced PINKS, Double P/EONIES, CHOICE SaEDP, DAHLIAS, UILIUMS, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the_ City Auciion Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C., on I UIlSDAV. March 3t, at 12 o'Ctock precisely. On view the morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers. 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G. Tuesdav Next ORCHIDS in FLOWER.— SPECIAL SALE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and f 8, Cheapside, E.G., on TUESDAY, March 31, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, 300 lots of ORCHlDSiu FLOWER from various well known collections, including Caltleya Triana;, fine dark lip variety, with over 100 bulbs; Dendrobium Ainsworthi, D. Falconeri (rare), Oncidium Mar- shallianum, fine plant ; Larlia anceps. splendid variety : Odon- toglossum Ruckerianum, Dendrobium chrysotoxum or suavis- simum, grand mass, with 15 spikes; Odontoglossum Alexandra:, and Cattleya Triana;. many fine varieties, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Kext.-To the Trade. 5000LILIUM AURATUM. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, 5000 e.xceedingty fine BULBS, just received from Japan, On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. LILIUM AURATUM, K03ES, and BULBS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G.. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, April i, at half-past t2 o'Clock precisely, 5C00 very fine Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, just received from Japan in splendid condition, and 30 lots of Japanese IRIS ; a con- signment of PANGRATIUMS and AMARYLLIS from the Westlndies, CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, PALMS, and FICUS from Belgium; English-grown AZALEAS and LILY of the VALLEY, all in bloom, for Easter decoration ; looo Standard and Dwarf ROSES from an E'lglish Nursery ; 2000 Double African TUBEROSES, 2000 GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEY- ENSIS. 2000 Berlin Crowns LILY of the VALLEY, and an assortment of Haidy LILIES and BULBS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Odontoglossum Rossi majus. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. F. Horsman & Co- to SELL by AUCTION, at iheir Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63 Cheap- side, E.C.. ihe SECOND WEEK in APRIL, an importatioD of ODONTOGLOSSUM ROSSI MAJUS. Messrs. Fred. Hors- man & Co have at great txpense succeeded in getting another i:iiporiauon of their superb strain (acknowledged to be the finest in Europe). All are in extra large masses. Ewell, Siirrey. Preliminary announcement of the Sale of the celebrated Gar- brand Hall COLLECTION of EXHIBITION PLANTS, which have won such high honours at the leading shows, MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above, on WEDNESDAY, April 22, at 11 for 12 o'clock precisely, this unrivalled Collection of Exhibition Stove and Greenhouse Plants, which are all in the most perfect health. Also a small but very valuable COLLECTION of ESTAB- LISHED ORCHIDS, amongst which will be found som- specimens which are perfectly unique. More detailed parti- culars will appear next week. No plants will be sold prior to the Auction. 67 and 68. Cheapside, E,C. Oaborn'a Nursery, Sunbury. Comprising 17 Acres of Land and several Greenhouses. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS beg to announce that they have now DISPOSED of the FREEHOLD of this Property, with the Glass Elections and Stock, all in one lot. Choice Established Orchids. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- lions from Mr, H. James, in consequence of his large boiler giving out, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King bueet, Govern Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY. April I, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, almost without reserve, a fine collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including, amongst many other fine things Afndes Larpentse, fourteen leaves ,, suavissimum, thirty leaves Angrjecum sesquipedale Dendrobium Ainsworthii ,. nobile nobilius Acrides Mendelii, fourteen leaves Phaius tuberculosus Cattleya Mendelii Selbomien- sis ,( Mossise alba Miltonia bicolor Oncidium lameligerum Cypripedium cordatum roseum Disa grandiflora, fine health Grammatophyllum Ellisi Cattleya Triansc Jamesianum Dendrobium Ainsworthii roseum Oncidium zebrinum Odontoglossum pardinum Cattleya Warscewiczi delicata Masdevalliatovarensis, seventy leaves ,, Chelsoni, sixty leaves Cypripedium htrsutissimum Dendrobium Pierardi gigan- teum Lycaste Lawrenclae (scarce) Schomburgkia tibicma Phalsenopsis Luddemanniana Sobralia macrantha Masdevallia trochilus, twenty leaves Cymbidium giganteum Cypripedium grandis, ilz. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6836.) 5000 LILIUM AURATUM, &c. MR. J. C STEVENSwiUincludein his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden. W.C , on THURSDAY NEXT. April 2, a consignmentofsoao LILIUM AURATUM, and 200 LILIUM LANCIFOLIUM(SPECIOSUM), just received from Japan; also a few Home-grown LILIES, FREESIAS. DISAS, and other Hardy ROOTS, from the New Plant and Bulb Company. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 6885.) ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT. April 2, about 50 lots good ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, includmg many fine things. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Saie No. esse.) VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3?. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. F. Sander, onTHURS- DAY NEXT, April 2. at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, grand importations of CATTLEYA MOSSI/E, and other ORCHIDS, in tine condition. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Market Gardeners or Retired Farmers. TO LET, or to be SOLD, compact and small ESTA'lE. at Bracebndge, about a mile from Lincoln, consisting of House, Garden, Barn, Cowsheds, Stable, &c., and 10 Acres of fertile Land. SMYTH BROTHERS, New Exchange Chambers, Lmcoln. To Florists, Market Gardeners and Otliera. TO L E T, at Fulham, S.W., \\ Acre of GARDEN GROUND with Ten Glass-houses suitable for the Business of a Florist or Seedsmin. For particulars apply to Messrs ROSE and JOHNSON, a6. Great George Street, Westminster, S.W., Solicitors. TO LET, from March 25 next, THE NURSERIKS, Mill Hill, near Heodon, Middlesex, late in the occupation of Mr. James Wright. There is a fair amount of Stock. &c., which would be offered on easy terms to a respectable Tenant. There is a cottage and about s Acres of Land. Application for terms, &c., to be made to C. DRUMMOND, Estate Agent, Hertford, Herts. Proposed Gardeners' and Foresters' BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION for SCOTLAND. At a Meeting of the Scottish Horticultural Association, held at Edinburgh, on the 6th of February, it was Proposed by Mr. John Downie, and Seconded by Mr. Joh« Methvsn. and unanimously agreed to, that an endeavour should bemade to start such an Institution. Gardeners' and Foresters' opinions for or aeainst the above are solicited. — (Signed) JOHN DOWNIE. JOHN METHVEN. HE GATESHEAD PARK COMMITTEE invite TENDERS for the ERECTION of a CON- SERVATORY and PROPAGATING HOUSE in Saltwell Park. , - ^ V ■ Persons tendering are expected to furnish their own Designs, which must include the means of Heating and all other details. The Conservatory will front the West, on a nearly level frontage, and to the South on a slight inclination. A Plan showing the proposed site, with particulars as to level and inclination of ground, will be furnished on application to the TOWN SURVEYOR, Town Hall, Gateshead. Tenders must be sent to the Town Clerk not later than APRIL 24. The Town Council do not bind themselves to accept the lowest or any tender, nor will they pay any expenses which any person tendering may incur in the preparation o' his design.-By order, j ^ SWINBURNE, Town Clcik. THARPHAM, PracitcalRock Builder • and General Horticultural Decorator (for many years leading hand with Dick Radclyffe & Co., London), 107, Church Street, Edgware Road, London, W. JOHN KE N N ARD'S Horticultural Sundries, Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Pottery Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisite. Swan Place. Old Kent Road. S.E. Established 1854. To Landed Proprietors, &c. AMcINTYRE (late of Victoria Park) is • now at liberty to undertake the FORMATION and PLANTING of NEW GARDEN and PARK GROUNDS and REMODELLING existing GARDENS. Plans prepared. ITS. Listria Park, Stamford Hill. N. ROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horticul- TURAL MarketGarden and Estate Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C., and at Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. TT'IGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS in -lli Pots, of all the finest double and single varieties (some of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white .to the darkest purple), for climb- ing and beddine. from I12/. to 24J. per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive LIST on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. Flowering Plants. HUGH LOW AND CO. offer, of fine quality : — AZALEA, single White. .. ,, „ ,. MADAME VAN DER CRYSSEN, semi-dotible Rose. I, INDICA, in variety, three sizes. DfcUTZIA GRACILIS. EPACRIS in variety ERICA MELANTHERA, E. CANDIDISSIMA, K. PER- SOLUTA ALBA. GENISTAS. LAURUSTINUS, French White. Clapton Nursery. London. E. LILIUM AURATUM.— Special Offer.— Now is the best time to plant. Splendid firm sound bulbs, just arrived. 6 to 8 and 8 to 10 inches in circumference, ■2%s. and 35r. per 100, 45. and 65. per dozen. The cheapest for quality ever offered. Samples 12 stamps, SEED POTATOS.— For Special Prices see former advertisements. „ , . „ ,:. « MORLE and CO., I and 2, and 162, Fenchurch Street. E.U YE NARCISSUS or DAFFODIL; containing its History. Poetry, and Culture, with Notes on Hyhridisation, and Illustrated with many Woodcuts. Price u. BARR AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. NEW ROSES of 1S85. The whole of those raided in England, includmg: — Mrs. CAROLINE SWAILES (H f.J, ELLA GORDON (H.P.), BEDFORD BELLE (Hybrid Tea): And all the best of those raised abroad, including : — GLOIRE LYONNAISE (ihe yellow HP.), ETENDARD DE LYON (H. P.). SOUVENIR DE MAD. GABRIEL DREVET(Tea) ; can now be supplied in very fine plants, fit for immediate working or for summer budding. CATALOGUES, g.ving rai:ers' descriptions of each variety, post-free on application to K EY N E S, WILLIAMS and CO.. Salisbury. ' Cheap Plants.-Speclal Oflfer. WILLIAM BADMAN offers as under from store pots, all healthy, well-rooted, and fit for present potting : — TRICOLORS— Mrs. Pollock, one of the best, st. oerdozen, iSJ. per 100 ; Lady Cullum, S. Dumaresque, Sir R Napier, 2J. dd. per dozen, 181, per 100. Twelve choice varieties Tricolors, for 5 J. SILVERS— May Queen (Turner's). Flower of Spring, Pnnce Silverwings, Little Trot and Bijou, 2J. per doz. , loj. per 100. GOLD LEAF— Crystal Palace Gem. 21. per doz«n, ioj. per 103 : Happy Thought. 2s. td. per dozen. BRONZE— McMahon, Black Douglas, Czar (best bedders), 21. per dozen, 15J. per 100. SCAR LET- Vesuvius, Jean Sisley, Col. Seely. u. dd. per dozen, 8i. per 100. PINK— Master Christine, Mrs. Levers (fioe), ix. 6rf. per doz-D, loi. per 100. WHITE— Madame Vauchcr and Virgo Mane. If. 6rf. per dozen, 10 J. per 100. CRIMSON — Henry Jacaby, 21. per dozen, 151. per 100; Waliham Seedling, u. 6rf per dozen, 8j. per ico. LOBELIA— Brighton, Blue Stone, Pumila magnifica, 3/. per 10-, 3o.f. per icor'. . T . . HELIOTROPE— Jean d'Amour, Miss Nightingale and Light, 6 . per ICO. AGERATUM — Imperial Dwarf Blue, Sf. per 100, 401. pericoo. C.^LCEOLARIA-Golden Gem and Dark Camden Hero, SJ- per 100, 40J. per 1000. COLEUS VerschafFelti and IRESINE Lindeni, sr. per 100. TROP/EOLUM— Vesuvius, dwarf, good bedded, 85. per loc. PELARGONIUMS— Show and Fancy, in single pois, 3^ per dozen, 20^. per 100. Packing included. Terms Cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. Hollyhocks. - Hollyhocks. CATALOGUE containing a splendid collec- tion of finest named Hollyhocks, all fully described aud priced, also probably the largest, mobi select, and best ollec- tions of all other Florists' Flowers, Perennials, &c., ever brought together, is now ready, and will be posted on application. It consists of eighty pages of closely printed matter, and forms a very handy reference book on flowers, which should be in the hands of all who cultivate a Garden or Greenhouse. JOHN FORBES. Nurseryman, Hawick. N.B. FECIAL OFFER. ASPARAGUS ROOTS, strong, two years in drills, is.M. per ICO, loi. per 1000. CURRANTS, white, strong. %s. per 100, t:>s. per 1000. BROOM, common, one year in drills, aj. dd. per 1000. GORSE or FURZE, common, i-yr., ts. 6d. per 1000. ,, ,, 2-yr., 4^. per loco. CABBAGE PLANTS. Drumhead Ox, ax. 6d. per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS AND SONS, 34, Drapery. Northampton. Special Offer for Ca&h JOHN STANDISH and CO. beg to offer the under-mentioned finely grown and well-rooted shrubs : — LAUREL, caucasicum, 2 to 2^ feet, 30^. per 100. „ (Common, 2 to 2J4 feet, 201. per 100. HOLLY, Common, 2 t0 2j4 'eet, 421. per 100. ,, Golden and Silver, 2 to 2J4 leet, 301. per dozen. PRIVET, Oval leaved, 2 to 3 feet, js. td. p=r 100. BERBERIS DARWINIF, 2 to 7% feet, 25J. per 100. YEWS, English, 2 to 2% feet, 50s per 100. AUCUBA, Green, 2 to 2j^ feet, 631. per 100. LIMES, Standard, stout, 5 to 7 feet stems, i8f. per dozen. SPRUCE, fine stout stuff, 2 to 3 feet, 4W. per 100. Royal Nurseries, Ascot. C GUINEA BOX of SPECIALTIES.— T We again offer a choice Collection of CARNATIONS and other POPULAR PLANTS, package and carriage free, for One Guinea, consisting of Six Pairs each choice Show Car- nations, Picotee, and Pinks to name ; twelve true old Cnmson Cloves, twelve border Carnations, twelve Pyrelhrums, double, named ; twelve Show and Fancy Dahlias (dry roots). Half the above, 11.S. „ „ , »» • ISAAC BRUNNING and CO.. Great Yarmouth Nurseries. EW RUNNER BEAN.— GIRTFORD GIANT (Laxton).— The finest and most prolific Scarlet Runner, has secured the highest encomiums and awards during the past season, including a jp:cial First-class Certificate at Shrewsbury. Should be grown by all Exhibitors. Gardeners, and Market Growers. A true selected slock of 1884, in my own sealed packets, ai. td. per half pint. T. LAXTON. Seed Grower. Bedford. N T H O N Y W A T E R E R has to offer : — BIRCH. 3, 4 and 5 feet. SPRUCE, 214. 3, 4, and 5 feet. LARCH, 4 to fi feet. All stout and well rooted. . , ANTHONY WATERER, Knap Hill Nursery, Wokiog, Surrey. ___^ .. Seed Potatos. T O S I A H H. BATH, O York Street, Borough Market, S.E^ Offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS :— ving 1 Rivers' Royal Ashleaf. Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf. White Elephant. Beauty of Hebron. Snow flake. Schoolmaster. Early Rose. Magnum Bonum< Forty fold. Scotch Regent. York Regent. Paterson's Victoria. Redskin Flourball, Reading Hero, Dalmahoy. Early Don. And other leading varieties. Prices on application. OR SALE, a large LATANIA BOR- BONICA, in Tub, too large for the conservatory of present owner. Address u r GARDENER, Clark's Library, 2, Coleherne 1 errace, fcari 9 Court, S.W. March 2S, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 399 pHRYSANTHEMUMS. — Specialty. — 420 V^ v.iricties, guaranteed true to name. One of ihe largest and cheapest Collections ia the Trade. Plants, purchaser's selection, is. 6J. per dozen, i6j. per loo ; cuttings, \s.6d. per dozen, \os. per ico ; W. E.'s selection, cheaper. For the new English and Continental vaiieties see CATALOGUE, wiih Essay on Cultivation, one stamp. W. KTHERINGTON. The Manor House. Swanscombe, Kent. New Kidney Potato. BIRD'S DOCTOR BOB. —This is the earliest Kidney variety in existence ; a very heavy crcpfver, as many .^s sixty tubers of all sizes have been counted at a root. It is a seedling from Early KinR. After a trial of several years it his never taken disease. Eyes very shallow ; a g3od cooker, and fine tlivour. 5;. per stone. JAMES BIRD, American Nurseries, Downham Market. Forcing Asparagus. RAND G. NEAL beg to offer the above • by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans- C tallied last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also eg to call the attention of Nurserymen, Builders, and others to their exc*tJUOnaUy fine stock of FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S.W. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and PINKS. — Having a large stock of strong, finely rooted plants of the above, we beg to offer them at the following low prices : — Choice Show CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, to name, our selection. 12s. per dozen pairs; purchaser's selection, 151. to iSf- ditto. PINKS, Show varieties, our selection, 45. 6d. to 6.r. p«r doien pairs. Old Crimson CLOVES (True). 35. per dozen. Mixed CARNATIONS, for borders, 3J. per dozen. PYRE- THRUMS, choice Double varieties, 3;. per dozen. Carriage and package free for cash with order. ISAAC BRUNNING and CO.. Great Yarmouth Nurseries. UAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist and *^ Seedsman', Prospect House. Helper, Derbyshire, begs to inform the readers of the Gardeturs' Chronicle that he is pre- pared to execute orders for the following p'ants, all of which have been grown on the Derbyshire hills, and are very hardy and strong stocky plants, and sure to succeed well. They are of the very finest strains that money can buy. They are carriage free for cash with order. Descriptive CATALOGUE of Florists' Flowers free. Established 16 years. PANSIES a SPECIALTY.— Probably the best collection in England. The cream only of the most noted raisers. The latest new sorts, and the winners at all the great shows. Good plants, correctly named. Show or Fancy, 12 for 3^ ; 95 for $3, 6d.; 100 varieties for 2cs. Postal Orders. BEAUTIFUL WHITE POLYANTHUS. — SlroDK Plants, full of Bloom-buds, 12 for is. 6J., S for ij. pARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES. V_^ —Yellow. Pliik, Scarlet, Dark Red. Pure White. He, beautifully Istnped, Spotted, and Selfs, 12 named varieties, all strong layers, for 41. CANTERBURY BELLS.— Unrivalled Col- lection, grand new Colours, Double and Single Tele- scop", Candelabra, and other new forms, 12 for is.; 12 extra strong for 11. 6d. Postal Orders. CARNATIONS and PICOTEES. — The new French Perpetual, a really grand new strain, most beautiful colours, twelve varieties, strong plants, to bloom well, for 2S., 6 for is. 2d. ; 12 extra strong for is. 6d. AURICULAS (Alpines). — Fine large Trusses and Blooms, most beautiful colours, strong planLs, to bloom well, 12 for 2s. ; 12 extra strong lor 3s, Postal Orders. AURICULAS.— The old-fashioned Single Yellow. Most deliciously scented. Soon bloom. 13 strong plants for 2s. 6d., 6 for is. 6d. POLYANTHUS.— The finest strain grown; fine large Trusses and Blooms, and splendid Colours- i» for IS., 25 for IS. gd. BEAUTIFUL PURE WHITE GARDEN PINKS, deliciously Scented.— Good strong Plants, to bloom well, 12 for is. ; 25 for js. gd. CARNATION.— The new German Scarlet Grenadin, a really fine decorative variety, early and free bloomer. Twelve strong plants, to bloom well, for 2f., 6 for IS. id.; 13 extra strong for 2s 6d. HOLLYHOCKS of Chater's very finest and most select strain, 12 varieties for 2s. 6d.; 6 for is. 6d.; 6 extra sttotg for 2s. Postal Order. DAISIES. — A fine Collection, three plants each of six distinct sorts, named, for is. ; Earl of BeacoDsfieldj the grand New Scotch Dark Daisy, 2 for is. CARNATIoTlS^and PICOTEES (Seedling), (rem Carter's celebrated strain. All Colours. Strong plants, to bloom, 12 for 11. arf., 34 for 2s., 12 extra strong for zs. 64. FOXGLOVES, Dean's grand new spotted varieties, very fine, 12 for is. 2d. ; 12 extra. 2s. FOXGLOVES, Dean's new Golden, very extra, 12 for 25. WALLFLOWERS.— The Covent Garden Dark, the Double German Dark, Cloth of Gold, all fine stocky plants, la for ts. QTRAWBERRY PLANTS, all Selected.— ^J Crowns, transplanted, warranted to Fruit well this Year ; Black Prince Improved, as early, as prolific, and much larger than the old sort ; Brown's Wonder, Alpha, Keens' Seedling, Exquisite, Early Crimson, Pine, and others, 100 for 3J. pELERY, FISHER'S No. i.— New Pink. KJ Warranted the largest, earliest, and best-flavoured Celery grown. Seed Packets, ir. SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist and Seedsman, Prospect House, Belper. EXTRACTS from our Seed Cataloi;ue of FLORAL GEMS ANARBHINUM BELLIDIFOLlTJflT. A rare and beautiful Biennial, which though allied to the An- tirrhinum, differs neveriheless m its fotmition of bloom from that family. Grows lYi foot high, and produces, June to August, most lovely blue (lowers ... It is perlectly hardy, and nny thus be sown in the open border, greatly delighting m a sandy loam. Price 6d. and is. per packet. ANGELONIA GRANBIFLOKA. A most lovely and sweet-scented Greenhouse Annual, producing fine spikes of beautiful blue flowers. Can highly recommend this to any amateur wanting an uncommon, pretty, and easily grown pot plant. Price per packet, -^d. and 6d. ANTIRRHINUM ('' SNAPDRAGON "). Magnificent Strain. The mixtuie we offer has been procured from three of the finc-t strains in the world, and which we have thoroughly mixed ; our patrons may therefore depend upon receivmg a strain such as cannot be equalled. Price per packet, is. 6i. and 3S. td. ASTER TENELLUS. This is a beautiful Biennial, and blooms in August, when it presents one dense mass of lovely blue fiowers ; is a splendid pot plant tor greenhnuse, or may be planted outdoors on a warm sunny border. Price per packet, (>d. or u. CHRYSANTHEMUM, POMPONE. We can now offer seed at is. and 2s. 6d. per packet. CLEMATIS GBAVEOLENS. A half-hardy Clematis, beating yellow flowers, and thus con- trasting most effectively with other weU-knovra varieties. Price per packet, is. and 25. 6d. CONVOLVULUS MINOR, **ROSEaUEEN" This is unquestionably a most valuable acqui>ition to the Annual family, being of a most enchanting soft rosy-btush, whilst each plant is smothered with bloom. Certain to create a grand impression. Price, per packet, 6d. and is. CONVALLARIA MAJALIS, " LILY OF THE VALLEY." We can offer seed of the well-known " Lily of the Valley," Price, per packet, -^d. and 6d. FORGET-ME-NOT, ** PIGMY REDDER." If any one requires a cheap, effective, and uncommon blue edging, obtain a packet of this and plant out with other bedding plants, when we can vouch ihat, if well grown, all visitors will say that ic puts all other Myosotis or Lobelia completely into the shade. Unlike the other known varieties this new species now offered presents no straggling appearance but one line of unbroken blue. Supply liraited. Price, per packet, is. td. and 2S. td. IPOMOPSIS ELEGANS. As the name implies (//a to strike forcibly, and opsis sight) this splendid bieimiat is extremely effective when well grown. If grown in pots, well crocked, watered carefully, and kept in any airy situation next the glass the amateur will find his labours amply repaid by an uncommon effective fl jwer. Our collection comprises an assortment of various colours, and will produce hues of from rose, canary, yellow to dazzling scarlet. Price, per packet, (>d. and is. MISTLETO. It is not generally known tha't Mistleto may be easily grown by rubbing the viscous seed upon the young wood of any Apple, Thorn, &?.. tree, when the wood is not too hard. Many growers where the wood is hard cut off a little of the outer bark. Du>t a little fine earth over to keep from view of birds. Price, per packet, td. and is. PALIURU3 ACULEATUS SYN. P. AUSTRALIS (CHRIST'S THORN) This, without question, is the plant from which "the Crown of Thorns which was out upon the head of Jesus Christ was composed " (Loudon. Ency. of Planls, p. 178). Many in sheer ignorance imagine the Crown in quest'on to have been formed of our common Hawthorn {Cratagus oxyacaniha). Besides its biblical interest the plant possesses such curious and ornamental qualities as should alone make it a resident in every English garden. It is a perfectly haidy ornamental deciduous shrub, and delights in any common garden soil. It attains a height of about 4 feet, and produces during June and July greenish- yellow fljwers, which are succeeded by curiously-formed fruit, "appearing something like a head with a broad-brimmed hat on " (Paxton). Grows readily from seed. Price per packet, 6d. STEPHANOPHYSUM LONGIFOLIUM. This is a most beautiful Greenhouse Annual, producing during autumn numerous graceful branches with enchanting scarlet blossoms, which open for a long period. Price per packet, IS. 6d. and 2s. 6d. VIRGINIAN STOCK. ** White Cluster." 1 his is a great improvement on the White variety at present known, being larger in the blooms, more compact, and alto- gether more effective as a border plant. Stock this year limited. Price per packet, is. and 2s. 6d. N.B. — All Seeds forwarded, p7st- free, upon same day as orders are received. VICCARS COLLYER & CO.. importers of New & Rare Plants, Seeds, &c., SEEDSMEN, NURSERYMEN, &c , CENTRAL HALL, LEICESTER, AND Central Nurseries, Glenfield, near Leicester. A. W. CREWS, Manager. To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced • LIST of the above-named Seeds is now ready, and may be had on application. It comprises all th» very finest varieties of 1884 growth. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. IVE THOUSAND PELARGONIUMS. Must be sold. Clean, large bushy stuff, to flower early. Established in 48-pots, including all the best named varieties, as Dr- Masters. Duchess of IJccKord. Bridal Bouquet. Kingston Beauty. Ac, ts. O.f. per dozen for cash. Also ditto in 60S", ready for 48-pots, at 4^ per dozen for cash. Address, MANAGER, The Hill Nurseries. Sandiacre. Notts. TTENDER'S BALSAMS^ WeTave only -*--»- from finest double Camellia-like flowers, and we are con- fident our strain is far superior to any other offered. Colours rich, beautifully mottled and striped. Eight varieties, sepaiate, as. 6d. HKNDER'S PETUNIA GKANDl FLORA, well known to be the finest strain ; flowers beautifully mottled and striped Single. 2S. per paclctt. RENDER AND SONS, Nursery, Plymouth. Nev and Choice Chrysanthemuins. ROWEN begs to call attention to his • choice collection, which comprises only the be^t new and old varieties. Strong rooted cuttings, twelve v.iiieiies for 1885, JS. 6d. : ditto for 1884. 3J. 6d ; best old varieties, 2s. 6d. per dozen — cuttings, 6et 100; 18 to 24 inches, 55T. per 100 ; 24 to 30 inches, 751. per 100. HYBRID PONTICUM RHODODENDRONS, 2 to 2^ feet. .^5 per 100. Choice named varieties, i}4 to 2 feet, wiih flower-buds, 27^. per dozen, ;^io per 100. Royal Nurseries, Ascot. VINES. — VINES. — VINES. V STRONG FRUITING CANES. 4^. 6d. each. STRONG PLANTING CANES, 3s. each. All the b«et varieties in cultivation. CALDWELL and SONS, The Nurseries, Knutsford, Chester. nABBAGE PLANTS I-CABBAGE V-> PL\NTS !— Extra fine stock and well-rooted plants of the following : -Early Enfield Market, Battersea. East Ham, Rainham, and Nonpareil ; the above, 3^. per rooo. Red Drum- head (true), ss. per 1000. Brown Cos, Hardy Green Cos. and Grand Admiral LETTUCE, 5^. per looo. Cash or reference must accompany all orders from unknown correspondents. W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, Guildford. MR. DODWELL'S" GRAND CARNA- TIONS. The finest grown. Two thousand Plants, including five sets of his Seedlings of last autumn, to be SOLD, for the BENEFIT of the Prize Fund of the OXFORD UNION CARNATION AND PICOTEE SOCIETY. Special terms to the Trade. Par- ticulars on application. Address HEAD GARDENER, The Cottage. Stanley Road, Oxford. O S E S. — Our Specialty. Cheapest yet offered both as to quality and price. STANDARDS and HALF-STANDAKDi, fine heads, 9;. to 12s per dozen. DWARFS or BUSHES, very fine, 6s. to 8s. per dozen. Packing included. Special price for large quantities. Our Roses, so widel/ known for their superior excellence, cannot be surpassed by any for vigorous and fibrous Roots. The uriiversal satisfaction they have given is asufficient guarantee for their superior quality. W. B. ROWE AND CO. (Limited), Barboume Nurseries, Worcester. U R P L U S STOCK. Special offer of Nursery Stock :— FIR, Scotch. 3 to 5 feet, 2-yr., 2-yr, „ Spruce, 2-yr., 3-yr. Larch, 2-yr., 2-yr., strong stuff. BIRCH, 2 to 3 feet. ALDER, il4 to 2 feet. ASH. Mountain, 4 to 6 feet, LABURNUM. 4 to 5 feet. WYCH ELM, 5 to 6 feet. SYCAMORE, 4 to 6 feet. Prices on appHcatior. JOS. TREMBLE and SON, Nurserymen, Penrith. IM'EW TOMATO. ~ LAXfON'S~ OPEN -^^ AIR. — The best for outdoor cultivation. A hardy disease-resistmg variety, which ripens very early, does nr>t crack, and is a free and continuous bearer. Fruit large, very hand- some, smooth, and of a brilliant vermilion scarlet colour, flavour excellent. Sealed packets, is. bd. T. LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford. s 400 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 28, 1885. NEW SPRING CATALOGUES. The following CATALOGUES are now ready, and may be had upon application : — HABDT PEBBNNIALS, ILLUSTRATED. Thoroughly revised, contains many Plants not pre- viously offered, and include;: nothing but leaXlyfirsi-c/ass showy plants. Also selections of Hardy Terrestrial ORCHIDS, PRIMULA SIEBOLDI. AQUATIC and BOG PLANTS, Ornamental GRASSES, BAMBOOS, HELLEBORUS, &c. HARDY FLORISTS' FLOWERS. Including Show. Border. Clove, Tree and Yellow ground CARNATIONS.DELPHINIUMS. PHLOXES, P.«:ONIES, VIOLETS, PYRETHRUMS, PINKS, &c. CHRYSANTHEMUMS. A most complete CATALOGUE, including all the really first-class varieties of each section, and the new ones of the present season, HARDY CLIMBERS. One of the most complete ever issued, comprising almost every Hardy Climbing, Creeping, or TraiUng Plant of real worth. THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FABU NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM. LONDON. SEEDS, VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM, Carefully Selected^ AHO FROM WHICH MA.V BE EXPHCTBD THE BEST RESULTS EVER VET ATTAINED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS and NURSERYMEN, WORCESTER. FERNS A SPECIALTY. Hundreds of Thousands of FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS, for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries. ABRIDGED CATALOGUE of over laoo Species and Varieties free on application. LARGE CATALOGUE (Price 1b.), containing 75 Illustra- tions ot Ferns and Selaginelias. valuable " Hints on Fern Culture," and other useful and interestlog information. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. SEED POTATOS Send for Descriptive Catalogue OF NEARLY ALL THE BEST AND NEWEST VABIETIES IN COMUERCE, EITHER FOR EXHIBITION PURPOSES, OR FOR GARDEN OR FIELD CULTIVATION. CARNATIONS. Strong Seedlings, from a splendid collection of choice named flowers. All to bloom this year. Per dozen, is. 6il.j per loo, 15^. DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. S U R P L US S TOOK. ROSES. Standard and Dwarf Hybrid Perpetuals, Bourbons, Tea-scented, &c., in upwards of 200 varieties, all fine plants, to be sold at very low prices. Special quotations will be given and CATALOGUE sent on application. Cranston's Nursery k Seed Co. (LIMITED). KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD. N.B -All the best of the NEW CONTINENTAL and ENG- LISH ROSES will be ready in Strong Plants early in April. CALADIUMS. SUPERB COLLECTION. Fine bulbs. Post free. 12 dis- tinct arid beautiful varieties, 6;f. and \is.\ t2 choice and rare varieties, 21J. ; 12 new and golden-leaved varieti«s, 42^. ; 50. choice collection, 50 varieties, 63J. ACHIMENES.— 12 distinct varieties, u. ^.\ i2do., scotms of each 4J.; 12 do., 6 corms of each, ^s.\ 12 fur exhibition, 12 cormsof each, 15^.; 100 coims in 50 varieties, 2ii.; loocormsin 25 varieties. 155. GESNERAS.— 12 varieties, 5.^. GLOXINIA. — 12 strong bulbs. 6j. ; 12 rare and beautiful, elected for exhibition, 10^. ^i. and 21J. BEGONIAS.— Strong bulbs, beautiful collection, aii. ; 12 unnamed, from choice strain, 6j., /5 -/9 5/- ./6 5/- il- .0/- >/- >/6 RHODODENDRONS. Standard, 4000 to select from, of finest named kinds, perfect specimens, from ij^ to 5 feet throueh the head 1 ., Bush.do., 5.6,7,and Sfeethigh.. ,, Dwaif and Sweet-scented, i to 2% feet high, consisting of K. fragrans, Wilsoni, Goveni- anum. &c. . . • • _ •■ ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA; fine plants, well set with bloom, i to 3 feet high . . AZALEAS, I to 2 feet high „••.„•■ A fine lot of P. NORDM ANNIANA. T LOBBII. WELLINGTONIA, CUPRESSUS. RKTINOSPORAS, THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, and many others in fine condition for removal I ic/6 ORNAMENTAL TREES— Fine speci- mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars.. Horse Chestnut. Scarlet Chestnut, Sorbus, Thorns of sorts. Maples, Fraxinus aucubxfolia. Scarlet Oalt, and Poplar. 6 to 15 feet high .. LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, « to 4 feet, per 100 ,. common, i to zja ffct LAUREL, common, i to 3 feet „ caucasica, I 10 zj^ feet .. ,, Portugal. 'H to 3 feet .. MAHONIA AQUIFOUA .. BRIIOM, White YEWS, Irish ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas, and Climbers CLHMATIS, fine stuff, in great variety ; Virginia Creepers, Ampe- lopsis Veilchii \ ILEX SHEPHERDI. a fine lot ol perfect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ; smaller, i to 3 feet. THUIA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet KETINOSPORA aUREA, 6 to 15 CUPr'eSSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA, a to 5 feet MAHoNIA AQUIFOLIA, la to cJucclions of SHRUns'and TREES (or genera! planting, a lo 6 feet hinh, 2SS to 751. per i o Extra larce Fru.ui>K APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, lo cle.ir. }S e;ich. SPIRJEA. PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. The Ur«cst stock 111 kvuope, 15J. and ics.6tJ. per too. ERICAS in v;iriety, tos. per mc. lAVENUKR, fine bii-hy Mufi". 31. per dozen, 15J. per 100. PEKIWINKLE. lor. per 100. Thomatuii of olht-r t/iinc^ teo nu me* out for an ndvr/isf- mfttt are on offtr^ and inquiries or a viiit wilt be found very advanttif^eous. Book to SunnlnKdale Station S.W. Raa CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. No reasonalile offer re fust d ; or quotations wiU be given. March 2S, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 401 WILD FLOWERS NORTH AMERICA. ««■ Our Moat Desirable PERENNIAL PLANTS for CiUtlvatlou— SEEDS, &c. ^1 Orchids, Ferns, Lilies, Aquatics, Alpine and Sub-Alpine Plants, Botanical and Common names given. Send for CATA- LOUUE. Epy^mp GILLETT. Southwkk, Mass., U.S.A. CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SP.WVN.— Too well known to require description. Pnce 6s. per bushel (if. extra per bushel for packa,;e), or fid. per cake ; free by Parcels Post, IJ. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our si,;nature attaclied. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON (Limited). Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highcate Nurseries, N. e:-S^ \ BIDDLES & CO. THE PENN Y PA CKE T SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE, Supply 3000 varieties of FLOWER SEEDS, in Packets, at One Penny each, including the choicest sorts, viz. :— Asters, Balsams, Calceolarias, Cyclamens, Pansies, Petunias, Phlox Drummondi, Primulas, Salvias, Stocks, Verbenas, &c. All seeds being of the best quality in small quantities, the packets must be regarded as economical, not cheap. \\*e recommend our various collections of twelve varieties for ii. All kinds of VEGETABLE SEEDS, of best quality, by weight, and also in Penny Packets. Send for CATALOGUE, gratis (500 Illustrations). Save expense and buy a large selection in small packets. 50,000 GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS to be sold off at 5X. per 100— grand bulbs. Martin's President Cauliflower la. 6d. per packet. For Present Sowing. The earliest in caltivation, dwarf and com- pact in habit, head firm and pure white, and well protected by the foliage. It stands dry weather better than any other variety. Mr. Gilbert says it turned out the best o/all he grew last season. Mr. E. Stephenson, Thorpanby Hall, says: — "Your 'President' Cauliflower is not only the earliest but the most useful I have ever grown ; we can plant it 3 or 4 inches closer than any other variety. The heads are very white and compact. I have grown it ever since it came out : I recommend it to all my friends," Post-free on receipt of postal order or stamps for i.r. 6rf, WILLIAM E. MARTIN, Seed Merchant, HulL All Want Flower Seeds! || Where SHALL WE get the H.CANNELL & SONS »: TH£H0M£OFre.OWefiS ^swanley:kent. I ARBOR-VIT/E, American, 2-yr., 2$s. per I030. Chinese ARBOR-VIT/E, i-yr. fine, lol. per 1000. SWEET BAY. 8 to g inches, transplanted, 105. per too. BU.\, Tree, 4 inches, 30J. per I030. GOLDEN JAPAN BOX, transplanted, 12J. per too. CorONEASl'ER MICRO- PHYLLA, 6 to 8 inches, 40J. per )ooo. CLEMATIS FLAM- MULA, . .and ayr., 30s. per 1000. CLEMATIS VITALBA, 2-yr., soj. per 1003. CUPRESSUS M ACROCARPA, i-yr. transplanted, 6oi. per iooo;CUPRESSUSLAWSONlANA, 410 6 inches, soj. per 1000. LAUREL, Colchic. i-yr. 30J. per 1000. Portucal LAUREL, i-yr. 251 per toco, PINUS INSIGNI3 I-yr., fine. 4i" per 100. PINUS EXCELSA. a-yr., 41. per ico. PICEA NORDMANNIANA. i-yr , 41. perioo. KEITNO. SPO RA PLUM03A, 6 to 8 inches, loi per ico : R. SQUAR- ROSA, 6 inches, loj. per too. THUIA TARTARICA, 6 to 8 inches, transplanted, loj per 100. THUIA COMPaCTA, 8 inches, 8j. per 100: THUIA LOBBU, 9 to la inches, Sos. per 1000. THUIOPS'S DOLABRAT.\, 6 to 8 inches, iij. per too. English YEW, a-yr., 3or. per 1000; 2-yr., transplanted, SC5. per 1000. GARLIES MITCHELL, Ntirseryman, Stranraer, N.B. R O S E S, 20 Acres, well-rooted, many shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, Zs. per dozen, dos. per loo. Standards, I5.f. doz,, 105J. 100. Packing and carriage free for cash with order. These World-famed B.OSES cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction, ROSES IN POTS ; all the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from iZs. to 36.?. per doz. Descriptive LIST free on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES and ROSES. A large and select stock is now oflered for sale. TIte lUmtrated attd Descriptive CA TALOGUE ofFR UlTS Post-free. The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & S O N, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. SEEDS. -SEEDS—SEEDS. CHARLES TURNE R'S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of New and Select Varieties of every Class of Seeds for the Garden, is now ready. THE ROYAL NURSERIES. SLOUGH. EXPIRATION OF LEASE WANTED AN OFFER For Thousands or any Smaller Number : — 0,000 SPIR^A PALMATA. ..coo Green HOLLIES. 0000 ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA and others. 0,000 RETINOSPORAAUREA and others. 0.000 Dwarf ROSES, finest kinds. 0,000 GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS. 0,000 MAHONIA (Betberis) AQUIFOLIA. 0,000 ERICA CARNEA, and sorts. ACERNEGUNDOVARIEGATA.afewhundreds. Maiden PEACHES, NECTARINES, and APRI- COTS, a few hundreds. Thousands of other iliings on offer. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. AMARYLLIS (SPREKELIA) GLAUCA. E. H. Krelage & Son, NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, AND FLORISTS, HAARLEM, HOLLAND, Have an extra large stock of this splendid bulbous plant, in very large bulbs, ready for sale just now. It is a parent of the well-known Jacobean Lily (Amaryllis formosissima), and has a similar brilliant red flower, which, however, is larger and less dark. It flowers easily and early, and the foliage usually is developed at the same time as the flowers. It can be cultivated in pots in the greenhouse or room, or in glasses, like Hyacinths. When planted in the open ground, in spring, it must be taken up before winter and kept dry and warm during its rest. In more temperate climates it can remain in the open ground during winter. We offer large flowering bulbs, delivered free to all the principal towns of Great Britain and Ireland, no charge for package : 25 bulbs, 7s. 6d. ; 50 bulbs, 12s. 6d. ; 100 bulbs, 20s. ; 250 bulbs, 45s. , 500 bulbs, 80a. ; 1000 bulbs, 150s. Discount to the Trade. Please send with Orders remittance in Post-bills or Cheques. DANIELS BROS; LIST of CHOICE FLORISTS' FLOWEES SPRING 1885. We have much pleasure in oflfcriDg the following choice Florists' Flowers In strong healthy young plants, mostly from single pots, and guaranteed true to name. Carriage Free on receipt of Cheque or F.O 0. N.B. — Orders will not be accepted at these prices after April 30. Per dozen — s. d. ABUTILONS.— In choice variety. Six for 2.1. . . . . . . . . . , ..36 A G A T H ^ A coelestis (The Blue MarEuerite) 50 BOUVARDIAS.— Beautiful varieties, our own selection to name six for sj. 3 6 CHRYSANTHEMUMS, Japanese.— Superbnew varieties of 1884, six for 31. 6 8 feet, „ Lawsoniana lutea, 3, 4, and s feet, hundreds of beautiful specimens. , , , THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 3, 4, and s feet, hundreds. RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, to 10 feet. The plants are covered with buds. AZALEAS. Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet high, thousands. JUNIPERS, Chinese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high. .. Chinese Golden. 3 to 6 feet JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA GLAUCA, 3 to 5 feet. ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 leet, hundreds. „ DOUGLASII. 3 to 5 feet, thousands. ,, „ GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. ORIENTALIS, 4, s, 6to lofeet, hundreds. „ HOOKERIANA, 3 to 5 feet. „ PARRVANA GLAUCA. iK to 2 feet, hundreds. PICEA CONCOLOR, z to 4 feet, hundreds. „ GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feel. „ LASIOCARFA, 3 to s feet, hundreds. „ MAGNIFICA, 2 to 3 feet, hundreds. ,, NOBILIS. i>i to 3 feet, thousands. „ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7. to lofeet. ,, PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. PUNGENS, iK to 2 f«<^^ *^°"S=*"^S' PINUS CEMBRA, 6 to 8 feet. CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds. , LI BAN I (Cedar of Lebanon). 3 to 5 feet. THUIA OCCIDENTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. THUIOPSIS BOREALIS, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. , PISIFERA AUREA(true), 3 to6 feet. ., PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to 5 feet. Knap HIU Nursery, WokJug Station, Surrey. V many thousands. CARTERS' IN VICT A LAWN CRASS SEEDS, CAUTION.-Caitera' Grass Seeds have never been beaten In any com- petition. The following Prizes bave been won With CARTERS' GRASS SEEDS, &c. :— ONLY PRIX D'HONNEUR Amsteroam, ONLY ONLY GOLD ONLY ONLY ONLV ONLY ONLY GOLD GOLD PRIZE GOLD PRIZE GOLD PRIZE PRIZE MEDAL MEDAL MEDAL MEDAL MEDAL MEDAL MEDAL MEDAL 1884. Amsterdam Healtherjes, 1884 Melbourne, 18S0 Paris, Sydney, Lima, London Paris, I ■■78. 1879. 1872. i8f4. 1867. Per Pound. Bu.hel. CARTERS' INVICTA LAWN SEEDS Carters' Grass Seeds. -' Cetrters' Grass Seeds. Carters' Grass Seeds. Carters' Grass Seeds. Carters' Grass Seeds. Carters' Grass Seeds. Sow s. d. ■ 25 for Town 1 ' \ Lawns I ( for Cricket ) ( Grounds f f for Tennis ) \ Grounds f J to repair ) \ Old Lawns I for under \ Trees ( for Pleasure 1 '( Grounds )" ' ^ 4 Bushels of Seed per Acre. ALL Parcels Carriage Free. For further particulars see Carters' Pamphlet HOW to FORM a LAWN and TENNIS GROUND," Gratis and Post-free on application. !: 25 25 25 25 ^ Seedsmen by Royal Warrant to His Royal Hlgbness the PRINCE OF WALES. 237 2381 High Holborn, London, W,C, NEW EARLY POTATO. — WHITE BEAUTY ol HEBRON.— A white-skinned selection from Beauty of Hebron, the finest of all the early American sorts. The selection is very early, of large size, and a great producer : quality excellent for early or late eating. Is being largely erown for market. ? lb,, is. ; 6 lb., 41., by Parcels Post ; 14 lb., 6j. 6d. : ^i per bushel. T. LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford. See "Book of the Farm">r jSSj. issued. Gratis &• PALMS. — Specially hardy grown, for Cool Greenhouses and Dwelling- houses. Lataoia boibDnicaaod Seaforlhia elegans, splendidly foliaged, 20 inches high, iw. per dozen ; sample plants, u, -\d. Same kinds, 12 inches high, 251. per 100 : sample twelve for 45. AH packages and parcels post- fiee. Postal Orders to GARDENEH. Holly Lodge. Stamford Hill, London, N. Lobelia Emperor William. TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND LOBELIA "EMPEROR WILLIAM "(from cuttings), best daik blue, dwarf vaiieiy, bushy plants, from store pots, is. 6rf. pir 100, or 10s. per icoo, carriige paid, for cash with order, payable to The Plant and Bulb Companv, Gravesend. DOG ROSE, i-yr., fine, 6j. per looo. MANETTI STOCKS, ^os. per looo. IVY, Irish, strong, 60J. per ico?. HONEYSUCKLE, sempcrvirens, yellow. 25J. per loo. LAURELS. Common, a-yr., fine, us, per 1000. SEA BUCKTHORN. 2 feet. 10s. per ico. HYPE- RICUM CALYCINUM, I foot, loj. per 100. ABIES DOUGLASII, 1^3 to 2 leei, 25J. per 100; itai% feet, 331. per 100; 3 to 4 teet, for. per ico ; by the thousand, finely rooted. ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA, ib to 20 inches, 24F. per dozen. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, 2 to aj4 feet. (oj. per ico; CUPRESSUS LAWSONII, 2ji to 3 feet, 601 per ico; C. GRACILIS, distinct. \% foot, \is. per dozen ; C. STRICTA, 2 to 2j^ feet, the finest upright, \is. per dozen ; C. FUNEBRIS. scarce, \% foot, is-c per dozen. PICEA NORDMANNIANA, 1 foot, fine, 501. per 100. PINUS EXCELSA. 2 feet. Zs. per dozen; P. INSIGNIS, i foot, 3c ^. per loo; 6 to 8 inches. i6j. per 100. THUIA LOBBII, 10 to 15 iDche5, special by the 1000 ; the best substitute for Larch. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, r to 4 feet, each size in thousands. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurserjman, Stranraer, N.B. Orchids a Specialty. The stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent. HUGH LOW & CO. very cordially and respectfully solicit an inspection by all lovers of this interesting and beautiful c'ass of plants, whether purchasers or not. CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E. HERBACEOUS And ALPINE PLANTS. CATALOGUE of fifty pages, containing full information as to colour, height, situation, time of flowering, &c., free on application. A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks, Slumps and Borders, from 2-^s. per 100, or 45. per dozen. Most of the plants being in pots may be despatched at any time, or by Parcel Post when fit. RICHARD SMITH & CO., NURSER-SMEN and SEED MERCHANTS, WORCESTER. MOW IS THE BEST TIME TO PliANT BOTH. PRICKLY COiMFREY.— We offer crown sets, which are superior to roots, at i\s. per 100. The root is said to be an excellent remedy for coughs and colds in horses and other animals. GIANT ASPARAGUS.— Splendid roots, from sandy land, in four sizes, 15^., 215., 30^. and 4C5. per loco. Trade prices on application. HARRISON & SONS, Seed Growers, LEICESTER. ^%1 Wome: aiiQ S^ee^. THE TWO NEW ZONAL PELARGONIUMS. QUEEN OF THE BELGIANS (Siogle), of the purest White under all conditions and seasons : size of individual (lowers nearly equal to the scarlet kinds. LE CYGNE (Double) —Both in habit, growth, and freeness of flowering is much the best White yet sent out. This and the above are great acquisitions. First-class Certificate from R. H. Soc. 3J, each. CARNATIONS AND PICOTEES. AH who wish to have the rare treat of enjoying the lovely true Carnations and Picolees, exactly such varieties that carry off" the prizes at our shows, should order at once. Ours is the largest and the most complete collection id the world. Splendid Plant5, from 85. to iSf. per dozen. CARNATION. HENRY CANNELL, raised and sent out by Mr. Dodwell, and which is considered tobethe most perfect, has received numerous prizes. Post-free, is, Dodwell's Hybridised Seeds, is. td. and s^. per packet. BEDDINQ CALCEOLARIAS. We have a vast quantity of the finest Plants probably ever seen, and of all the most useful kinds, 5^ . per 100. Special prices for large quantities. VIOLET, SWANLEY WHITE. (Erroneously called Count Brazza.) Lar^e s-yr. old clumps. lof. per dozen. Fine Flowering Plants, in 5-inch pots, 6f. per dozen ; in 4-inch pots, 51. per dozen. Rooted little Plants, is, td. per dozen ; Cuttings, sx. per 100. H. CANNELL & SONS, T#&+tom^:^^^-FL€W£Rs March 28, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 403 GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, ^d. per bushel ; loo for aSJ. ; truck (lixtse, about » tons), ^ar. : 4-bushel bags, id. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. iJ. per sack: 5 sacks, 3is. ; sacks, ^d. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, s sacks jaf. ; sacks, 4(/. each. COARSE SILVER SAND. 11. d. per sack ; s for 20J. ; 10 for 30J. Coarse Bedf<^rd Sand. is. 6d. per bushel ; x^s per JX-ton ; i^s. •per ton. SP£CIALITE TOBACCO PAPER, lorf. per lb.: 28 lb., ats. • cwt., JOS. Second quality, jd. per lb. ; :8 lb. its. Finest Tobacco Cloth, Zd. per lb. ; 28 lb. for 1S5. Leaf-Mould, 5^. per sack. Peat-Mould, 4J. per sack. Yellow Fibrous Loam, 31. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. 6d. per bushel. Bones, Guano, Sphagnum, &c. LIST free. .Special prices to the Trade for cash. W. HERBERT and CO.. Hop Exchangb Warehouses, Southwark Street, S.£. (near London Bridge), STANDEN'S MANURE. ESTABLISHED 20 YEAKS. This old-established Manure is acknowledged by most of the leading practical Gardeners in the United Kingdom and the Colonies to exceed all others in general fertilising properties and staying powers. It promotes a rapid, healthy, and robust growth in plants generally. It is a clean and dry powder, with very little smell, which renders it particularly adaptable for ladies interested in plant culture. TTic highly fertilising properties of this Manure render i money value, in comparison with other manures, at least double, as users will find that very small quantities will produce favourable results. Sold in TINS, Is., 2s. 6d., 6s. 6d . and 10s. 6d. each ; and In BAGS or KEGS, at reduced prices, 28 lb., 12s. 6d. ; 66 lb., 23a. ; 112 lb., 42s. each. May be obtained from all Nurserymen and Seedsmen in the United Kingdom and the Colonies, SOLE MANUFACTURERS, CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (LIMITED), i8, FINSBURY STREET, LONDON, E.G. Mildew and Other Hnxtful Fungi, Red Spider, &c., Extirpated by PHILIP HARRIS AND CO.'S specially prepared SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM, which is very soluble. See article by E. Tonks, Esq., B.C.L., in Ci^EN: SPEei?lLlS§GCOFl^EW!)ESIGn§mGRPlDEneHai[\SxlXpLiUE[\§ AT REDUCED PRISES PROIvi FORMER UISTS SiNGUECYUiNDEi^I^ObLEf^S. 16 x 16, 20 X 20 AND 24x24 DOUBLE D° Same Sizes. 5i" to R '... I5,UPPER THAMES ST- I ... 30, RED CROSS ST- • p h^.,.. 125. BUCHANAN ST- J^ Gai^l^O|vl W0I^KS,FAliKIRK,N.B. 0AV1D §owan,«I^nager3, March 28, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 405 ^EBBS' SEEDS OF BEAUTIFUL Flowers. AURICULA, Webbs' Defiance ASTER, Webbs' Victoria (Mixed) ASTER, Webbs' MlnlatuTe (Mixed) BEGONIA, Webbs' Tuberous-rooted . . BALSAM. Webbs' CamelUa-flowered .. BALSAM, Webbs' Rose-flowered CALCEOLARIA. Webbs' Superb .. CINERARIA, Webbs' Superb CINERARLA.. Webbs Double CYCLiMEN. Webbs' Perfection.. COCKSCOMB. Webbs' Dwarf Crimson CARNATION, Cboloe (Mixed) DAHLIA. Webbs' Premier Single GLOXINIA, Webbs' Excelsior MIMULUS, Webbs' Double MARIGOLD, Webbs' Gold-striped PANSY, Webbs' Show PANSY, Webbs' Fancy PETUNIA, Webbs' Brilliant PETUNIA, Webbs' New Prize POLYANTHUS, Webbs' Gold-laced PRIMULA, Webbs' Purity PRIMULA, Webbs' Scarlet Emperor . . PRIMULA, Webbs' Rosy Morn .. PRIMULA, Webbs' Exquisite (Mixed) . . PICOTIEE, Webbs' Choice PRIMROSE, Webbs' New Hybrid PHLOX DRUMMONDI, Webbs' Elegant STOCKS. Webbs' Large-flowering SWEET WILLIAM, Webbs' Invincible WALLFLOWER, Webbs' Canary Bird . -s. d. 2 6 Webbs' CHOICE COLLECTIONS. so Varieties of HARDY ANNUALS ditto ditto ditto HALF HARDY ANNUALS ditto ditto ditto BIENNIALS and PERENNIALS ditto ditto ditto All Flower Seeds Post-Free. 6 per Cent. Discount for CaslL THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE. Special Warrant to H.R H. the Prince of Wales. SUTTON'S I Post-free. CHOICE | Post-free. F FLOWER SEEDS CINERARIA. Per Packet— f. d. Sutton's Superb Mixed, t.s. 6d. and 5 o j Post Sutton's Tricolor ... ... ... 5 of free f-"^- r*^^-*-? 1 ^I^HKP r " 'HPISIM^'^ PRIMULA. Per Packet, Post-free— J. d. Sutton's Special Hybrid, Single 5 0 Sutton's Special Hybrid, Double ... 5 0 Sutton's Superb Mixed... 2s. dd. and 5 0 Sutton's Reading Blue (50 seeds) ... 5 0 Sutton's Princess Beatrice 2 6 Sutton's Snowdrift (Fern-leaved) 2/6 & 5 0 Sutton's Rosy Queen do. 5 0 Sutton's White do. 2 6 Sutton's Red do. 2 6 Sutton's Mi.xed do. 1/6 & 2 1 6 _ " The strain of Primulas you sent me in the Spring is the best I have ever seen ; they are beautifully fnoRed."— Mr. S. Psarce, Gardener to Captain Croihers, C^iew Magna. R oval Berks Seed Establishmen ^1 READING. THE SATURDAY, MARCH 28, 1885. BADMINTON. BADMINTON is best known, perhaps, from its sporting associations, and compara- tively few of your readers will know it as hav- ing a long and famous horticultural history. Bradley, in his quaint treatise, published in 1721, says, talking of " curious gardens of parti- culars," that " the chief in England are those at Badminton." This was in the days of the third Duchess, who was known and respected throughout the realm for her love of gardening and botany. Originally the grounds were laid out in the style fashionable in the days of William III. From the remnants left, a toler- ably accurate picture can be formed of the manner in which the house was surrounded with labyrinths, mazes, hedges, and other forms in Yew and Box. The kitchen garden was then at a consider- able distance from the house, on the eastern side, and the site is known to this day as the "old fruit garden." Between the two was a long chain of flower garden and lawn, conceived in the ancient Dutch mode. The fifth Duke, with an animosity worthy of a Jacobite, changed the site of the kitchen garden to one nearer the house on the west side, and gradually swept away the intervening pleasure ground. About 1829 Capability Brown appeared on the scene. But, ^race ^ Dieu, Badminton was a place he could only partially mar, not spoil. For the vast old timbered park around can boast the same motto as its ducal owner, Mutare vel tiinere sperno. Query — Was the first green- house in this country erected at Badminton ? Badminton has not been the home of the Beauforts since the Conquest, for they only came here after the levelling to the ground of the greater part of their massive castle of Raglan. Erudite John Timbs has a very inter- esting account of their " fair and pleasant castel, yn middle Venseland," and of its siege by Fair- fax. It was beleaguered in 1646. The Marquis of Worcester, a hoary warrior of eighty-five, when bid to surrender, " made choice (if it soe pleased God) rather to die nobly than to live with infamy." However, after a siege of seventy- seven days, he capitulated on very favourable terms, which terms were kept by the Round- heads with Punic faith, for he was arrested and put into prison. In confinement his health gave way. Just before his death — only a year after the gallant defence of Raglan Castle — he was informed 'that permission would be given for his body to be interred in Windsor Castle, whereat the brave old man exclaimed, " Why — God bless us all !— why then I shall have a better castle when I am dead than they took from me whilst I was alive." His descendants have certainly lost nothing by the exchange, for the truly ducal mansion, which they now inhabit, has so few equals, that an exchange would be almost out of the question. The Earl of Worcester is a famous title, for besides the inventor of the steam-engine, there is Caxton's pattern for humanity, John Tiptoft. 4o6 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 2S, 1885. The house is situated 9 miles from any rail- way station in the very south of Gloucester- shire. The nearest town is Chipping Sodbury, a cleanly old market town, but sleepy. The walk from it to Badminton is across some out- lying undulations of the Cotswolds, where the memory of byegone days is renewed by the sight of oxen between the shafts. This route brings the visitor to the foot of a long avenue pointing towards Bath, 14 miles away. At first it is but an avenue of comparatively young and bnshy Elms and Hollies, with fields beyond. After passing the lodge it is a drive through Beech woods, rustling with a murmur like unto that of the sea. The road is good, but has no formal, carefully-brushed everyday appearance. Here and there are open spaces, and wherever practicable there is an undergrowth of Box, Laurel, Yew, and Barberry. The approaches on the other sides are through avenues of older trees, and then through park land, the one leading to the Worcester Lodge being 3 miles The kitchen garden has a good aspect, and occu- pies a walled-in space of 11 acres. The walls are far higher than is usually the case, and a transverse one of the same stature arches over the broad central path. On both sides of this path is a well garnished herba- ceous border, and over the arch is trained a flourishing Wistaria. Thus, the beautiful has a place as well as the useful. Every plot is as neat as a new pin, and the wall trees evidence the closest attention. The Apri- cots are fine healthy trees, and although thirty years' old look far younger than the trees in most gardens. The way these trees repay the constant and loving care bestowed upon them must be very satisfactory to Mr. Nash, the gardener. The soil in the garden is a rich and easily worked loam resting on an oolitic brash. When the trees do not succeed in cold clayey soils, as is usually the case, surely this delicious fruit is worth the trouble of having a special border formed for its roots. Constant feeding is injurious, and the mulchings should be spare. There is no reason why Apricots should n)t grown well in nearly every garden. And jet how many, with a spirit of hissez-faiie, are con- tent every year to saw out the cankered branches, and blame climate, soil, and position. Healthy trees with rational treatment, are within the bounds of posi sibility nearly everywhere. A west wall is devoted almost entirely to dessert Apples. By this means large yields of fine and handsome fruit have been obtained in years of scarcity. The Nonpareils, especially the old Scarlet, are admirably adapted for wall culture. The Orange Pippin, not Cox's, is a great favourite. The north walls are planted with Morellos, red and white Currants, Gooseberries, and the Diamond Plum. This latter, one of the best kitchen Plums in cu lli vation, has never failed to bear abundantly. Other sorts, suitable for a north aspect, are Denniston's Superb, Guthrie's Late Green, Belle de Septembre, Gis- borne's, Orleans, both the late and early, and Victoria. Although oftener met with in the older gardens, the public, thanks to the efforts of many of your corre- spondents, are quite awake to the advantages of grow- ing Gooseberries and Currants on walls facing to the north. Among the Pears, Hacon's Incomparable, a Norfolk variety, which was raised near Downham Market, is planted to a lage extent. It is not good in all soils, but where it is there are few, if any, varieties of better quality. November is the month of ripen- ing, but it is a fairly good keeper. The fruit, more- over, ripens gradually without rotting at the core, and can be obtained till near the end of December. All vegetable produce is well grown here. The whole lout ensemble, with its iS feet walls and spic- and-span appearance, conveys to the senses the delight experienced at the sight of thorough and sub- stantial work. The herbaceous border was mentioned above. The flowers in it are chiefly the old garden favourites, including the cherished Lilies. The varie- gated Comfrey is by no means to be despised by its nfighbours, and contrasts well with the spiny Eryngiums. The glasshouses are nearly all old structures, and the Vines from which Mr. Nash has cut so many prize bunches are forty-live years old. One vinery, with a height of 12 feet, has the disproportionate breadth of 24. The Vines have been planted close together so that the laterals are short, but the long reach of rod counterbalances. The late varieties are very well grown, and although this year, owing to Iheir having had their roots lifted, they are not up to their usual standard, yet Badminton Grapes are too well known in the "west countrie" to need any bush. On the west and north sides of the garden is a drive called "the Verge," through alternate lawn and woodland ; by its side, too, are numerous specimen Conifers. The intervening space between the house and the garden is turned to practical purposes. Near the kennels, which are situated in this part, are some huge Elms, one 30 feet round 3 feet up the bole. Lower down, nearer the public road, are some tall Yews, relics of the old order of things. Notwithstanding its great size and its pilasters with Corinthian capitals, the mansion looks homely. The south front is very pretty ; close up to the windows is an old Cedar of Lebanon, with a tall Tulip tree for neighbour, standing on the broad walk : facing it, you have the village church and its Ivy-grown tower, which is contiguous to the mansion. Hard by is the comely village of Badminton, with the old hostelry so well known to hunting men. The west front faces a pleasure-ground of 16 acres, where are some fine old Chestnuts, and between them in the distance glistens Alderton spire. There is a flower garden on this side of the house, terminated on one side by a stone conservatory of the same archi- tecture as the house, and on the other, the north end, by an octagon library. The north front looks towards a goodly park, which is apparently boundless. In front of the entrance-hall is a large gravel space, large enough for two or three packs of hounds to meet on. It is sur- rounded by stone posts, through which are passed chains. Some little distance up the park is a small lake, and the broad Worcester avenue of Beeches and Elms. A cosy part of the pleasure-grounds is the " Old Orange Garden." It is of the Italian pattern. The orangery, not used now for its original purpose, for the trees have been done away with, is covered with Wistarias, Magnolias, and Jasmines. In the centre of the garden is a fine marble vase, supported b^ exquisitely carved lion claws. The inscription is as below : — Franciscus Zam Paleo N.V.S. Corieien MDLXXV. There is also a quaintly-shaped fountain, Around are some clipped Boxes, and near the centre two tall Salisburias, which harmonise very well with the scene. Strolling about this old-fashioned place was very pleasant, and I liked the gardener all the better for saying " New-fangled notions couldn't sit well here." C, A. AI. Carmicliael, [The reader may be reminded of an interesting catalogue of variegated plants drawn up in the 17th century, and presumably grown at Badminton. The paper is by Mr. Berkeley, and is contained in the jfoiirnal of the Royal llorti- eitUural Society, 1866, p. 22. Ed. J both a representation and a description. I feel now a little struck at the rather narrow leaves, which were taken from a sketch prepared by Mr. Stange, as is distinctly stated in the last line of p. 8. The leaf actually at hand is broad (m. 0.03), rather thin for a Vanda, compared by some with the leaf o( Vanda ccerulea. The leaves in the late Consul Schiller's collection were unequally bilobed at the apex ; the leaf now at hand has no apex. The lax inflorescence of four to five flowers is comparable to that of the blue Vanda Roxburghii. Sepals and petals inside at first greenish, afterwards ochre coloured, tesselate with dark purple-brown. Auricles of lip blunt, white with yellow and some mauve-blue spots. Mid-lacinia cordate, triangular, emarginate at the apex, white with mauve-blue, or wholly mauve- blue. Two gibbosities project at the entrance in the hairless compresso-conical spurs. If one considers the destructive razzias of Mr. Freeman in Assam, an idea of the rarity of this species may be gained, since I have reason to believe there never were more than ten plants imported into England, H, G. Rchb.J. EpIDENDRUM PSEUDEPIDENDRUM AURATUM, nov, var, A fine variety, having only the disc of the semi- quadrifid lip crimson, the broad borders deep orange. Leaves asusual. There is mauve on the midline under- neath, and some mauve on base above. It was kindly forwarded by Mr. W. Bull. //. G. Rchb. f. t\k\\ Maiti^. VANDA STANGEANA, Rchb. f. I WAS much puzzled when I read of " a new Vanda " of Mr. Freeman's in one of Messrs. Stevens' catalogues of a Sanderian sale. At length the new Vanda is at hand. A fine inflorescence was kindly given me by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M. P., Pres. K.H.S., and a single flower and a leaf were sent to me by Mr. F. Sander. The plant was published by me in Von Schlechten- dal and Von Mohl's Botanischc Zeitimg as early as 1S5S, p. 351, and dedicated to Mr. Stange, now the well-known grower of Disa grandiHora, Sarracenias, Darlingtonias, Catlleyas, Ferns, &c., at Hamburgh, at one time Consul Schiller's enthusiastic gardener. I gave, in 1S62, in Xcnia, ii., plate 102, and p. 8, * Vanda Stanf;eatia, Rchb. f. — Affiuis Vanda; Roxburghii, R. Br., et fiiscoviridi, Lindl. Labelli aiiiiculis semiovatis diver- gentibus, lamina a laasi lata utrinque semicordata sensim at- lenuata apice leviter bilobula, callis geminis parvis ante calcaris osliiim : sepalo dorsali tepaHs suhaiquali cuneato ovalo : sepa- lis Ial<-ralibus majoiibus. — I'aiula Stan^cana. Rihb. f., in Fthkchtd. and Vt.n Mthl's Ilolanisclu t'citunf;, -8,8, p. 356; Ac'tia Orchtitacca, ii., tab, 102, p. S. FILMY FERNS. Referring to the article on this subject which appeared in your columns at p. 310, I must acknow- ledge that the benefit derived by these lovely plants through the very different and more rational treat- ment to which, for nearly twelve months, they have been subjected, is certainly a matter upon which all lovers of that most interesting class will join in bestowing high praise upon the Ke* authorities. Every one interested in their culture will agree with " W, W." that the change has been marvellous, and certainly the greatest credit is due to the man who, during that time, has had them under his special care, for until lately, with the exception of the Todeas, which always were flourishing, the cultivation of Dearly all kinds of New Zealand Filmies was a failure in out great national institution. In out opinion no better results could have been anticipated, unless it be, indeed, that the same altera- tions which have taken place in regard to their improved condition should have been arrived at under a perfectly cool treatment ; for is it not somewhat misleading to apply that term to a culture where the winter temperatute is kept at about 50°? "W. W." says that "some anxiety was felt fot the success of the experiment ; " but he need not have been so astonished at the results brought on the condition of the Kew plants through the great change in their cultute, which alteration was, if I surmise aright, mainly due to the repeated advice of Mr. Coepet Forster, out best authority on the subject, who himself thinks it as unieasonable to expect those plants to thrive when subjected to great heat as it would be to see in a flourishing condition any shrub ot flowering plant native from compaia- lively cold latitudes ; for on the teport of many con- scientious travellets and plant collectois we know now that although some Filmy Ferns come from warm countries, they ate, almost eveiy one, found wild at high elevations, and the difficulty of intioducing them . alive into this countty is ptincipally owing to the cettain amount of watm climate through which they have to pass before reaching out shares. As Mr, Backhouse lighty says : — " The terms ' watm ' and ' cool ' tieatment ate too ambiguous unless the thetmomettic range is distinctly indicated, fot one person calls ' cool ' what anothet calls ' watm,' and t'ice ve/'siL" What is teally meant by cool tteat- inent is atempetaturc, keeping duiing thewintet a little above ftcczing point, and as Mt. Coopet Forstct's name has been prominently brought to notice in con- nection with this case, I may safely state that in his idea such treatment should be one in which the plants are kept quiet during the winter, and allowed to statt of their own accord the following summet. It is the way in which fot many years these plants have been treated in Upper Grosvenor Street, for it has often been my privilege to see in his unique Filmy Palace the thetmometet as low as 34°. Yet all the species Masch 28, 1S85.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 407 which it contains enjoy luxuriant health, as may be attested by any visitor having a taste for, and possess- ing a certain knowledge of the subject, making a call at the above address. This extreme choice, and I may venture to say, matchless collection comprises fifty-nine species and varieties, so that it is not limited to New Zealand kinds alone. Far from it, for in company with the Trichomanes radicans and varieties, the llymenophyllum tunbridgense and II. Wllsoni, all native from the British Isles, the numerous New Zealanders, one sees such reputed warm kinds as Trichomanes maximum, auriculatum, and Lusch- nathianum in the most perfect condition ; the latter not only thriving well but actually producing number- less fronds which in point of size greatly surpass even those previously grown in a warmer place. Now, that fernery is undoubtedly cool, as there are no means whatever of giving it any artificial heat, and it is situated at the back of the dwelling-house where there is no protection, and yet Tree Fern stems covered with a luxuriant vegetation of the lovely and most transparent Javanese Trichomanes auriculatum are there seen standing side by side with pieces of stone and pottery over which the numerous rhizomes of I he Brazilian T. Luscbnathianum form a most intricate network, and produce an abundance of beautiful fronds, some of which measure over i foot in lengih. The extremely pretty llymenophyllum cruentum and H. pectinatum, both of Chilian origin ; the equally attractive little Japanese Trichomanes parvulum, the grand Brazilian H. Forsterianum, undoubtedly the finest of all the known Hymenophyllums in cultiva- tion ; the hairy H. hirtellum and birsutum, both from the West Indies ; the delicate Trichomanes trichoi- deum, also from the same habitat ; the almost unique T. Bauerianum, from Norfolk Island ; the equally rare H. valvatum, and several other rare kinds, are in Mr. Cooper Forster's collection as so many vege- table gems, delighting in the companionship of the New Zealand sorts, such specimens of which do not exist anywhere in cultivation. Take, for instance, the rare and beautiful llymenophyllum pulcherrimum, which is there represented by several plants growing in hanging baskets and brackets (an entirely novel way of making use of Filmy Ferns, and one which originated with the fortunate possessor of this splendid collection), some of their lovely, delicate, and grace- fully pendulous fronds measuring over 23 inches in length ; the enormous specimen of Trichomanes reniforme, with its fronds counted by hundreds, and all in the grandest possible health. Besides the above enumerated we also notice masses of Hymenophyllum seruginosum, caudiculatum, crispatum, dilatatum, and scabrum ; Trichomanes angustatum, bilobiatum, mei- folium, which, although still very scarce in private collections and conspicuous by their absence even in the Kew establishment, are all subjected to one common treatment and deprived of all artificial heat. Thus we have the "cool" treatment system originating at Upper Grosvenor Street, and not as erroneously, though no doubt unintentionally stated by " W. W. " at the Vork Nurseries. " Render unto Cssar the things which are Caesar's " is a maxim most appropriate to this particular case, and while we are all so much indebted to Mr. Backhouse for first bringing Filmy Ferns into notice, and attempting to render them popular, it is only fair to acknowledge the right of priority belonging to Mr. Cooper Forster for advising others and himself practising the " cool " or unhealed treatment of these pet plants. S, ORCHIDS AT ROSEFIELD, SEVENOAKS. The collection of Orchids here is of recent forma- tion, and consists chiefly of such kinds as thrive in cool and intermediate temperatures. In the selection of kinds Mr, De Barry Crawshay seems to have steered clear of the mistake that so many beginners in the cultivation of these plants fall into of buying all plants that are met with— a course which soon crowds the houses with plants of little beauty hor- ticulturally, and entails a process of weeding out which is neither agreeable nor profitable. The Cattleyas and their near allies, the Lselias, are the leading feature in the collection ; they occupy a roomy curvilinear-roofed house standing east and west, the internal arrangements being conducive to the plants getting as much as possible of light and sun-beat. Their robust condition gives ample evidence of the suitability of the treatment, in the unusually thick broad leaves, borne on stout bulbs, which have the appearance of having been formed in their native habitats, rather than under cultivation. All the lead- ing Cattleyas are represented, the plants consisting of the finest forms of favourite species, and of imported plants, affording, as these last never fail to do, the pleasures of anticipation in a high degree, in marking the progress made till the open flower discloses a prize or a blank as the case may be. A number of the finest varieties of Cattleya Triance were in flower, conspicuous amongst them being the variety C. Triana: Rosice, a fine large flower with a splendid highly coloured lip ; another, d Triana; Crawshayi, a beautiful form of this favourite Cattleya, with broad petals and sepals, the soft tint of which aflbrds a striking contrast to the intensely deep rich crimson lip and orange throat ; C. Trianre Dawsoni, the true variety, was also in nice condition. Several other forms of this variable Cattleya, little inferior to those named, were likewise in bloom. These flowers were very different to the thin, washy coloured examples of this species that one used to meet when the over-heated, over-moist atmosphere it was generally subjected to obtained for it the character of being difficult to manage. A grand form of the fine Cattleya Warscewiczii superbissima was in bloom ; it is the finest variety representing this species I have met with ; the flowers are unusually large — 8 inches across — with an immense broad open lip, the colour of which is of the most lovely shade of lilac. Of C. Dowiana there are a large number, some of which have been recently imported, and are making good progress. C. gigas in quantity flowers here as freely as C. Mossise ; out of a dozen im- ported pieces four bloomed on the first growth they made. Of C. Gaskeliana one specimen was making a dozen strong growths, and numbers of other examples of this fine kind, somewhat smaller, but in equally satisfactory condition. Some of those im- ported last autumn have made growths as large as are often seen only in the second season. The fine dark variety of C. Gaskeliana, and the beautiful form of this species with white sepals and petals, both of which recived Certificates from the Royal Horticultural Society last summer, are doing well — the last-named has now seven leads. C. speciosissima Dawsoni, with three leads, is very strong. C. Eldorado is in fine order, as likewise C, Mendelii and C. Mossi%, both of which are still held in the estimation which their beautiful flowers and freedom of growth entitle them to. A grand lot of C. Warneri is in the best possible condition, the leaves which they bear are such as to give a forecast of the bloom that may he looked for after awhile. Most of these were imported in 1881. Some of the living roots which the plants had attached to them when they come over are itlll alive, showing for what a length of time they retain their vitality when the culture accords with their needs, One plant of C, lobata had nine stroug leads. Amongst many other fine kinds was noticed C. Mossise Marianse, a rare form, with pure white sepals and petals, in the way of C. Reineckiana, but paler in the lip. In Lxlias the collection is strong. Of L. purpur- ata, besides numerous large old established speci- mens, there are several that were imported last autumn and which deserve notice ; one mass of 120 bulbs is coming away with twenty-eight leads ; L. Russeliana, with six leads ; of L. elegans in its dif- ferent forms there are several specimens in vigorous condition, A good many other Orchids are grown along with the Cattleyas, including the specimen of Vanda suavis from which the illustration that appeared in the March number lor the present year of the Orchid Allium was taken. The variety as there represented speaks for itself. V. tricolor insignis was in flower ; Tricho- pilia suavis was coming on, with nine flower-spikes ; Epidendrum prismatocarpum, with fourteen leads ; Saccolabium giganteum illustre was nicely in flower. The treatment given to the Cattleyas does well for various Dendrobiums, including D. suavissimum, D. chrysotoxum, D. Wardianum, &c. In another span-roofed house there is a nice col- lection of cool Odontoglossums and other plants that thrive with like treatment. Of these several fine varieties of O. crispum were in bloom with many others with their flowers in different stages, some with flowers heavily spotted, others devoid of marking. O. Halli, O. ttiumphans, bearing a long four- branchedspike ; 0 hebraicum, 0. grande, which makes sound fair-sized bulbs under the moderalely cool tem- perature maintained ; Cattleya citrina is quite at home, making good growth ; also several Oncidiums, including O. oruithorrhynchum, O. concolor, and O. leucochilum, which, with many others, do much better in cool quarters than when subjected to a higher temperature. Mr. Crawshay and his gardener both seem really fond of Orchids, and where this unison of feeling exists and their cultivation is intel- ligently carried out the result is generally seen in the progress which tlie plants make. A Corresfonilent. THE HARDINESS OF PLANTS. The accounts given in late issues of the advantages accruing from unheated Tea Rose bouses, and also of the success attending the culture of Filmy Ferns at Kew under cooler treatment, is most significant, and touches closely upon a subject which Has been a source of very great experimental interest to the writer during the last fifteen years, viz., the amount of success to be attained in glass structures which are practically unhealed. By an unheated greenhouse is meant one in which there is no fixed apparatus of hot- water pipes, or flues or furnaces of any kind, but which may be so far heated by temporary devices as to exclude frost in severe weather. The subject is obviously one of great importance to the amateur, who, with limited means, both of money and labour, at his disposal, is yet desirous of keeping his green- house gay and in good order during the entire year. But, altogether apart from this aspect of the question, I venture to think that it also possesses some points of scientific interest. In the course of years instances of curious changes of habit and adaptation to circum- stances have from time to time come under my notice, and it is certain that when a plant can thoroughly acclimatise itself to a lower temperature than is natural to it, it not unseldom gains in vigour and heartiness. Converse instances are also not unfre- quent of thoroughly hardy plants luxuriating in the shelter afforded by glass and assuming a distinct character therefrom, Ferns seem to be specially capable of such adapta- tion to cool treatment, as shown in the case of the Filmies at Kew. I have myself a plant of Adiantum gracillimum which bore two or three winters ago 6° of frost without injury. A. cuneatum, though appa- rently less hardy in constitution, will, under proper care, grow into fine specimens in a greenhouse from which frost is only just excluded, under which condi- tions it also attains the advantage of lasting much longer when cut for bouquets. One of the most interesting of such cases, however, I met with last year in a species of /Eschynanlhus (probably grandiflorus, but of this I cannot at pre- sent speak positively), which bloomed throughout the summer in an unheated greenhouse, after having been wintered in a cold vinery, where a slow combustion stove — a most undesirable and clumsy mode of heat- ing, by the way— was only occasionally lighted to keep out actual frost. On comparing the flower of this with that of /E. grandiflorus grown in a hothouse, I could discover no structural distinction, though the apparent difference was great, but it was of a character quite compatible with difference of treatment. The individual flowers were the third of an inch shorter and slightly more slender, but the glowing scarlet of their colouring more than atoned for the reduction in size, and the healthiness of the dark green foliage left nothing to be desired. The plant was cut-in after flowering and has broken well, but as the tempera- ture of the house in which it has wintered has several times fallen as low as 37°, I am curious to see whether it will bloom as abundantly this season. I believe the genus has hitherto been treated as tropical. Mean- time, my plant seems to be in perfectly good condi- tion. Lasiandra macrantha is another beautiful plant which I have found to be amenable to cool treatment requiring open-air quarters during June and July to ripen it for strong autumn blooming. The whole system of hardy gardening under glass is distinct from ordinary warm greenhouse management, and runs parallel, as it were with hardy herbaceous gardening out-of-doors. It is especially suited to the amateur who does not disdain to give personal care and work to his plants ; and to those who like tu make a fair trial of this system of culture, I am per- suaded chat it will give a greater return of healthful interest and enjoyment than can possibly be attained in the enervating temperature of healed structures, 4o8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 28, 1885. It will also be found that the flowering plants at com- mand fof the purpose ate practically inexhaustible. K. L. D. THE EASTER LILY. This, which appears to be only a form of Lilium loDgiflorum, has been cultivated in the Bermudas for a long while, though the date of its introduction to those islands is not known. Professor Sargent, to whom we are indebted for the photographjwhence our illustra- tion (fig. 72) was taken, tells us that it is grown in Bermuda in immense quantities for the New York Easter market. The buds are cut three or lour days before their period of opening, packed in cotton wool. PINE-APPLE CULTURE IN MOSS AT FERRIERES. Pine-apple culture has always been costly, and that has prevented its being as general as might have been hoped, considering the beauty and goodness of the fruit. The culture of this fruit has been necessarily confined to royal gardens such as Windsor, or to those of wealthy amateurs. Pine-appleg require a great deal of top and bottom heat, hence an expenditure of a quantity of coke or coals ; they require houses, manure, and a lot of peat, rather a long time is neces- sary to bring the fruit to perfection, but when once cut the plant is of no further use. For the last few years we have managed to replace peat to a cer- lopes warmth by fermentation, hence it is necessary when planting with a thickness of 16 inches of moss not to put the whole of it on at once, as it might burn the roots ; moss even without artificial heat attaining a temperature as high as I15* Fabr., while for the good of the Pines from 75° to 78" Fahr., at the greatest, is all that is wanted. It is absolutely necessary always to have in the moss or beds several thermometers, and to look at them often to make sure that the temperature is neither too high nor too low. We take our suckers in January, and let them dry for a fortnight before potting off, for if they were potted off at once the juice escaping from the wound might make them rot. Suckers are better for propagation than the crowns. and sent by steamer to New York, where they are sold in the shops at a low price. The soil and climate of Bermuda seem admirably suited to this kind of Lily farming, and the crop is a valuable source of revenue to the islands. We would suggest to Mr. Dorrien Smith that it would be worth trying, as an experiment, in the Scilly Islands, though near London it is asserted not to do well out-of-doors. S*We first heard of this Lily in 1882 (see Gardeners' Chronicle^ July 29, 1882) ; and later on Messrs. Watkins & Simpson favoured us with specimens of the flower, which showed it to be a very distinct form of L. longiflorum. Newcastlk-on-Tynk. — We hear that the Spring Show at this town will be held on April 15 and 16, and should be a good one if there are many ex- hibitors there of Mr, Watson's calibre. tain extent by moss, thereby reducing the cost of planting out. The process of Pine-apple grow- ing in moss consists in using that instead of peat whenever practicable. The best moss is that gathered on lawns with an iron rake. The remainder of the culture difiers but little from that generally fol- lowed. With our culture in moss we have always succeeded well, our Pines varying in weight from 8 to 12 lb. Moss has the great advantage over peat of letting the heat through, which spreads evenly through all the mass of moss, up to the roots, which was not always the case with peat ; this latter after being heated and watered for some time became a solid body and did not allow the heat to ascend through it. The moss can be roughly gathered and if some leaves, pieces of wood, or soil, are left in it, they do not interfere in the least with the result. Moss deve- these last should only be employed for varieties giving few suckers, of which a number is wanted. The suckers when dry are potted into pots according to their various sizes with peat, they are then put into pits on a warm bed made of manure, and the pots are surrounded by a layer of moss instead of peat. After a short time the suckers will be well rooted. They are then planted out at the end of April, and left till October, when they are taken out, well shaken, and the roots cut back within an inch of the stock. They are then potted into what [are called, in France, Belgian pots of 6 to S inches diameter. They are again put into a hotbed in moss till April of the following year. This is the time to plant in the bouse where they are to fruit. The cultivation of Pines ■ planted out is only possible in houses with rows of ; hot-water pipes running under the stage, which latter is March 28, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 409 made of tiles on T ii^on- These tiles are better than wood, as they do not rot ; and if an inch is left between each tile the heat rises readily. A layer of crocks is then put on and peat on the top, so as to where we formerly used six cartloads of peat, one is now quite sufficient, and the fruits are finer. After a certain time a new layer of moss of about 6 to 7 inches is added. Plenty of water is wanted during about June or July, and ripen in December 01 January, that is to say, at a time when fruits in general are scarce, and, therefore, much in request. When once the fruit is cut, we think it best to keep % fotm good drainage ; then i. layer of moss of to inches in thickness. The Fines are then planted with two shoTelfuls of peat to each plant, and the moss is made firm round them. To give an idea of the saving of expenditure I may say that in one of our houses the growing season, but when flowering or the (tuit is ripening, syringing the crowns of the plants must be avoided, and moisture kept up in the houses only by watering the moss and on the pathways. Pines planted at the time mentioned above will flower the plant which has suckers found it, and to shift it only when it is in the way of replanting the house ; the suckers grow rapidly, and become strong much sooner after the fruit has been cut. If Pines are wanted all the year round, and if only 410 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. tMARCH 28. 1^85. one house is devoted to their culture, the planting can be done at three different times; one-third of the house is planted in February, another in March, and the last in June : in that way fruits can be gathered at all times. If Pines are wanted to bloom, so to speak, artificially, a great deal of heat must be given to them, and watering and syringing left ofT for fifteen or thirty days then start anew, it is almost certain that they will bloom. The varieties we grow most successfully in nnss are Smooth-leaved Cayenne and Charlotte Roths- child. We have grown many others amongst the old and newer kinds, but we always find these two the best. Amongst the varieties we keep in our collection, and which do well in pots, we may note the following : — Moscow Queen, medium size, very good ; Ripley Queen, small, very sweet ; Comte de Paris, big and good ; Montserrat, medium, good ; Providence, very big, not good in quality ; Bracamorensis, enormou?, not particularly good quality ('^ee Kcvue Horlicole, p. 336, iSSo, where the description and culture of it is given) ; Lord Carrington, medium, very good, It is well to have in every collection, not for its fruits, but for the beauty of its foliage, Ananassa saliva variegata, which looks remarkably well amongst the others, and the plant is useful for house and table decoration. One of the essentials of Pine culture is to have the plants and fruits clean and healthy, so that a great deal of attention has to be paid to see that the plants do not get infested by insects. It is safest not to put sny o'her plants into the Pine-houses, especially plants liable to have thrips, scale, and mealy-bug on them. Ernest Bergman, GARDEN PALMS. {Continued from p. 338.) Chanuciiorea, Willd. — About sixty species are in- cluded in this genus, of which the small genera Nunnezharia and Morenia now form a part. They are mostly erect slender-stemmed Palms, a few species, such as C. Martiana, being dwarf and more or less procumbent. The genus may be separated into three distinct groups by means of the foliar and stem characters. (I.) Stems erect, varying in height from 6 feet to 20 feet ; annulated, crowned with a tuft of leaves, which are regularly pinnate, arching, the segments lanceolate and pointed, and varying in width from half an inch (C. elegantissima) to 4 inches (C. Arenbergiana). (2.) Stems erect, very tall and slender, and bearing a tuft of leaves at the top which are pinnate and plumose, as in Cocos plumosa. One of the finest of this group is C. glaucifolia, of which there is a specimen at Kew 20 feet high, the stem being' no thicker than a walking stick, (3.) Stems erect and slender, and varying in height from 2 leet (C. tenella and C. stolonifera) to I2 feet or more (C. Ernesti-Augusti) ; leaves tufted near the top, from 9 inches to 3 feet long, the blade more or less cuneate, with a deep sinus dividing the blade into two pointed lobes, the margins of which are sometimes dentate. The stems of some members of this group usually develope roots several feet above the ground. A distinct species from any of the above, in that its stems sometimes grow to a length of about 60 feet (see plant at Kew) is C. scandens. In this the leaves hang downwards from the stem and are pinnate, the pinnx being broad and widely separated from each other. All the cultivated Chamfedoreas are remarkable for their free-flowering character, and in fact owing to their flowering at a very early stage some ol them have been described as much dwarfer and smaller than they ultimately become. The spadices are graceful and ornamental, being either simple and erect, or freely branched and pendent. The flowers are generally very fragrant, t'lowering as they do when quite young, and producing flowers which are both graceful and fragrant, the Chamredoreas may be recom- mended as flowering plants, a character very rare amongst Palms. C. stolonifera is remarkable for its habit of producing lateral stems or stolons from its lower joints, which stems grow down to and along the ground, where they emit roots, and the point then assumes an erect position, and forms a distinct plant. In this way a Bamboo-like tuft of stems is formed ; C. stolonifera is the only known species with this habit. All the introduced Chauitedcreas thrive best when grown in a very moist and shaded stove ; in fact, they prefer more shade than almost any other class of Palms. Their seeds germinate readily in a warm house ; they are globose or oblong, pea or nut like, and are smooth and shining. Seedling leaves bipartite. The genus is limited in its distri- bution to the tropical forest lands of Mexico and Central and South America. C. ainazonica, Ilort. — Amazons River. C, Arenbergiana, Wendl. (C. latifrons and latifolia, Ilort.) — Guatemala, C Caspariana, Klotz, — Guatemala, C, toncolor. Mart. — Mexico, C. corallina. Hook. f. (Morenia corallina, Karst). —Venezuela. C. Pcckcriana, Wendl. (Morenia Deckeriana, Kl.). — Guatemala. C. dcsmoncoidt's^ Wendl. — Mexico. C, clatior^ Mart. (C. Karwinskiana, Wendl.) — Mexico. C. clematis, Mart,, Bot, Ma^., t, 4845. — Mexico, C elcganiissitna^ Hort, Lind. — Mexico. C. Erncsti-Augiisti, Wendl., Bot. Mag., t. 4831 — 4S37,— New Grenada, C.formosa, Hort, Bull.— Hab. ? C. fragrans, H, J, (Morenia fragrans, R. and P., Bol. Mag., t. 5492). — New Grenada and Peru. C, geottofimforinis, Wendl. (Nunnezharia geonom^e- formis, Hook, f., Bol. Mag., t, 608S). — Guatemala. C. glaucifolia, Wendl. (? C, crucifolia, Hort.). — New Grenada. C. grafttinifolia, Wendl. — Costa Rica, C. Litideniana, Wendl. — Mexico and Guatemala, C. Martiana, Wendl. — Mexico. C. mierophylla, Wendl. — Chiriqui. C. oblongata. Mart. (C. lunata, Liebm.), — Mexico, C. py^viiFa, Wendl, — New Grenada, C. Rtiisii, Wendl.— Peru, C. Sartorii, Liebm, (C. mexicana and Harlwegii, Hort.). — Mexico, C scandens, Liebm. — Mexico, C. stolonifera, Wendl, — Hab. ? C. tenella, Wendl. (Nunnezharia tenella, Hook, f., Bot. Mag., t. 65S4). — Mexico. C. Wendlandi, Wendl. (C, Tepejilote, Liebm., Bot. Mag., t. 6030), — Mexico, Chamicrops, Linn, — There are no less than six dis- tinct genera represented in the dozen or so Palms which are popularly known in gardens as Chamrerops, viz. :— Sabal (C. Palmetto, Mich.) ; Nannorhops (C. Ritchieana, Griff".) ; Raphidophyllum (C, hystrix, Fraser) ; Acanthorhiza (C, stauracantha, Hort.; C, Mocinni, Kth.) ; Trachycarpus (C, excelsa, Thunb. ; C, Fortune!, Hook. ; C, Khasyana, Griff. ; C. Mar- tiana, Wall.) ; and the two species now retained in Chamaerops, and enumerated here. C. humilis is particularly interesting as being the only Palm in- digenous to Europe. It is found in abundance in some parts of Sicily and Spain, "where it spreads over the uncultivated sandy tracts just as the common Brake Fern does with us." It is also met with in Western Asia and Northern Africa, There are several distinct forms of it in cultivation in English gardens, namely, what is considered the type, and characterised by a dwarf habit, seldom exceeding 6 feet in height, and forming a dense tuft of short leafy stems with stiff erect leaves, the petioles of which are about a foot long, the edges clothed with stiff spines, and the leaf blade from 9 inches to a foot in length, A variety known as elegans is distinguished by its graceful petioles, 3—4 feet long, the spines on which are scattered and rather small ; it forms a tuft of stems, and grows to a height of about 5 feet. The arborescent variety is represented at Kew by a specimen with a stem 15 feet high and 6 inches in diameter, naked half way up, the upper half being clothed with the persistent bases of the old foliage, and a he.-id of numerous leaves ; the petioles are about 4 feet long, very spiny, and the blade is a stiff fan composed of about twenty-four segments, each of which is split from the point down- wards some 6 inches, A mass of roots encircles the stem at the base, and through and beneath it numerous sucker-like stems are developing. This species is easily distinguished from all other Chamse- rops (so-called) by its stout spines and its habit of pro- ducing numerous lateral growths about the base of the main stem. The seeds are in size and form like the berries of a Black Hamburgh Grape, brown, smooth, and hard. Seedling leaves ensiform and entire. As a greenhouse Palm this species proves very serviceable. C, humilis, Linn, (C. elegans, arborescens, tomen- tosa, &c., Hort.).— South Europe and North Africa, or the variety tomentosa a good illustration' will be found at p. 601, vol. xix., May 12, 1S83. C, macrcocarpa, Tenore (kept up as a species by Sir Joseph Hooker ; but as repreiented at Kew, apparently only a form of C. humilis.) (To be continued.) mi\ flouiq wrttt. PROPAGATION. The stock required for filling the summer flower garden should now be complete, and the plants placed in frames or cold pits, to be hardened off pre- paratory to planting into the flower beds in May. However, such plants as Lobelias, Salvias, Coleus, Iresine, and Alternanthera, can still be propa- gated and kept growing, as they will not be required till the first week in June, when the carpet bedding is commenced generally. See that abundance of Pyrethrum aureijm, P. laciniatum, and P. sela- ginoides, are sown. These plants will be found indis- pensable with some for lining out all the principal designs. Those I sow in boxes, and place them in cold frames till they come up ; then remove them to a spot under a south wall, and as soon as the plants are large enough they are transplanted into the flower beds. They are easily managed, and form most distinct yellow lines, and are most effective when used in conjunction with the great varieties of tints seen in Alternantheras, Iresines, Coleus, Kleina repens, Echeveria glauca, Herniaria glabra and Mesembry- anthemum cordifolium variegatum. The Alternan- theras may be classed as the carpet bedding plants par excellence, and as they require to be planted very closely together, should be propagated in large quan- tities, the simplest and quickest way to increase them being to make up a slight hotbed, and place a frame on it, and about 4 inches of light sandy mould, making it firm, and then put in the cuttings 3 inches apart each way. They strike in about fourteen days, and make good plants by the first week in June, W. Smythe, Basing Park, Alton. ]Pf(UIT3 ^ND£F( 'QtAgg. > FIGS: SUCCESSION-HOUSES. In these the trees established in borders which were started at the beginning of the current year will be in rapid growth now. Attend to disbudding and pinching in the shoots and removing all that are not wanted whilst they are in a young state — the ter- minal shoots be let run unchecked, the side shoots be stopped at about the fifth leaf, and not be left too thickly together. Guard against the attacks of the red-spider by means of vigorously syringing the trees twice every day. The course of ventilating and heat- ing will be identical to that advised for the trees in pots, and watering must not be omitted whenever it is requisite. Fig trees in later houses, if not cleaned and prepared for starting, should have the necessary attention at once, or the young Figs will be liable to injury by this operation at an advanced period, as is now the case. Give regular attention to trees in pots in the way of watering, and be not hasty in putting them out-of-doors if they are expected to produce Figs this year. Pines : Young Stocic, The month of March is the customary time to go through the plants which have been matured in small pots, and to prepare them for starting into growth again. Presuming that preliminary operations in the preparation of the soil, pots, &c., have been attended to and a bed made up for their reception, they should at once — if the heat in the bed is of the right degree — be dealt with in the following way": —Take them out of the pots and remove all the soil from them, cut the roots off close to the stem, and strip off from it a few of the lower leaves, so that the new roots which will be formed may push forth freely into the new soil ; for this purpose that part of the stem must necessarily be kept beneath the surface-soil when potting takes place. In this process use 5 and 6.iach pots, drain k them properly, and cast some soot 01 wood-ashes March 2S, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 411 among the crocks to prevent the ingress of worms, and forthe sakeof checking their progressaftetwards should any enter. The soil used in potting should be the fibrous part of good calcareous loam only in a mode- rately moist state, which must be rammed down firmly and close to the stem of the plants. A bed to be in a proper stale for starting these plants should have not less than from So° to 90" of heat in it at about 9 inches beneath its surface, and I have found none is equal to those composed of fermenting materials, as they afiordheat most congenial to the requirements of such plants under these conditions. Treatment after Pottino. .\rier the plants are potted up they should at once be plunged into the bed prepared for them. No water, excepting that aft'orded in the course of syringing, should be applied until such time as they have made new roots, which will occupy about ten days. Syringing should be lightly done twice every day, and other available surfaces in the house be well mois- tened, in order to keep up a genial and invigorating state of the air constantly about the plants— a tempera- ture of 60° at night and 70° in the daytime, with 5° or 10° more by the aid of sunshine, with shading over the plants during the time it prevails. A close atmo- sphere is most suitable. No air should therefore be given except when the heat runs above So°, and then as little as is possibly required, until the plants have made new roots and growth has commenced, when more liberal treatment as regards heat and air should be supplemented. Shifting into Larger Pots. An occasional examination by turning a plant out will be requisite to find out its condition ; and before the roots become too much matted together the plants should be shifted again into 7 or 8-inch pots. Formerly I shifted those plants from the sucker-pots into the fruiting ones, but now I find It expedient to defer the final potting into the fruiting-pots until the last-named pots are filled with roots. When this is so, they are at once put into pots, varying in size according to the variety, of from 1 1 to 14 inches in diameter, in the same kind of soil, only using it in larger lumps, with an addition of a few i-inch bones and a little decomposed manure from a Mushroom-bed being intermixed. In all cases in potting Pine plants it is very essential to ram the soil into the pots very firmly. As these plants in general are partly grown in fer- menting beds, these will want attention sometimes; opportunities, such as when potting is going on, should be embraced for turning them over and refresh- ing them with some new stuff, which should always be ready at hand. Very little addition to the beds will be necessary during the summer months, or too much heat will be generated ; for Queen plants So° or 85°, and for coarser growing kinds 5° or 10° less will be a safe range ; with proper attention to airing, watering, and syringing. These plants will form the stock from which fruiting plants will be selected that will yield a supply of ripe fruit the subsequent year from the end of May until September — a period which above all others nowadays is when English- grown Pine-apples ate most required, G. T, Miles, IVycombe Abbey, |M |ai;«I]J |iiuit |ar(l({n. .STUXTED TREES. Orchard trees recently planted should be looked over and the soil pressed down firm round the roots. It will often happen that Prunes and Damsons will grow moderately well for a few years after being planted, then stop growing, and the leaves and shoots become smaller every year. The best remedy for this is to cut the whole of the shoots well back to within a few inches of the stem, then slightly fork over the surface of the ground round the stems of the trees and place on the surface a good dressing of rotten manure. A number of trees treated In this manner made shoots from 2 to 3 feet the first season : the season previous they did not grow so many inches. These trees have continued to grow in a most satisfactory manner, with every prospect of making fine healthy specimens, whereas a few left uncut for experiment are still mere stunted bushes, which must now be well cut back. Figs. Fig trees that have been covered up during the winter should now be partially uncovered ; it is not advisable to entirely uncover during the present cold weather, but if left covered up too long the small embryo Figs are sure to grow, and if exposed at once are as sure to drop cIT, It is very impoitant to try and preserve them, as when they can be saved they will ripen early, and so lengthen the succession of fruit. Pear Tkf.es. Such trees as were root-pruned during the autumn and winter should have a mulching of rotten dung placed over the roots, and when this cannot be spared, a good coating of long stable-dung may be used. Attention to this early in the season will save much watering later on. Grafting, Grafting of Apples and Pears should now be pushed on as fast as possible. This should always be done before the trees begin to grow. Old worthless trees of Pears and Apples should be headed back, and a number of grafts put on according to the size of the trees, I think it might be possible to effect an im- provement on some varieties of Apple by grafting a weak-growing variety on the strong-growing stock or old tree ; as, for instance, by grafting Cox's Orange Pippin on a young healthy tree of Blenheim Orange, with many other sorts that could be named, J. Smith, Mentmore, Bucks. deprived of a great portion of its nutriment, by reason of the extra amount of water that had to be given them during the dry weather. In late autumn potting it is absolutely necessary to exercise greater care in the watering, the failures will then be reduced to a minimum, y, Hudson, Gunnersbury iJoiisc, Alton, fllaitls and i\\n\ \}x\i)X\\i. GREENHOUSE HARD-WOODED PLANTS, The winter flowering Heaths, such as E. hyemalis, E. melantbera, and others, should now be pruned back to preserve them in a compact and bushy shape. The first named will need somewhat hard pruning, being free growers under good cultivation, whilst the more slender growth of the latter will not require more than a few shoots removed, such for instance as those that are disposed to be too vigorous. This work may have been done in some cases ere this, but we do not consider that any appreciable gain will result therefrom. Now that the daylight is longer the growth that is made will be sturdier and compact, aided as it will be by the free admission of air into the house. The greater portion of the winter and early spring blooming Epacrises will now be getting past their best. Where any clean and fresh spikes of bloom still remain, I would advise such to be cut for using at the first opportunity. They last in a cut state for a long period of time, but should be cut early in the morning before the sun's rays have much warmth, as they will then be found to keep fresh much longer. When these spikes are removed the stock should be gone over without delay, and all stray shoots cut back to make the plants as uniform as possible. The tendency of the plants is invari- ably towards an erect growth, and that of a good length too ; if these shoots are not therefore well shortened every spring, the plants will soon become more remarkable for their height than for any- thing else. I do not advise the bending of these shoots into a horizontal or downward direction for the formation of a trained specimen, as they are not at all adapted for this mode of culture. The varieties of E, miniata, generally represented by that, the best of its type, viz., E. Eclipse, are the most amenable for training into specimens. This process should not, however, be carried to such an extreme degree as some cultivators are disposed to do, the very character and habit of the plant being lost in the distortion of its shoots and branches in order to bring them under this severe rule-of-thumb practice, I departed somewhat from my usual course last autumn in the culture of the Epacris. They were not potted in the spring, which is the customary time for the work, for it was thought that they would stand over for another season. In the autumn, however, their appearance was not satisfactory, especially on the surface of the soil. After the hot weather was passed they were carefully gone over and repotted, and soon afterwards housed, and I am well satisfied with the result. The soil had undoubtedly become iifal^OT Sarki. CELERY. In most gardens this is considered an important crop, which indeed it is, when we consider the length of time the heads will keep in a sound and eatable condition after arriving at maturity, and how useful the heads are, not only for salad, but for other pur- poses, and it is well worth every attention. To obtain good crops considerable labour must be bestowed upon it, more especially on heavy land, but the best results are gained in well worked moderately light soil of a somewhat sandy character : the produce then is crisp and clean : and if plenty of good rich manure, properly prepared, be placed in the trenches the plants will always grow to a good size. In soil of this nature it will also keep sound for the longest period possible after it is fully developed. Where the soil is very heavy and clayey it is found necessary, in order to ensure the best results, to place light soil immediately around the plants when carrying out the operation of earthing-up. This will not only blanch the plants better than the natural stiff soil, but will also prevent the heads from rotting during wet and mild winters. Where this system has by necessity to be adopted the best drained piece of ground should be selected, and set apart always for this crop. By the annual addition of light soil for the earthings the plot would annually be improving, and would ulti- mately become light enough in itself to grow a crop to perfection. Good blanched heads may be had from September to April. Seed Sowing and Pricking Out, From the February sowing the young plants will soon be large enough for pricking out on a bed near the glass in a cold frame, the young seedlings being placed 3 or 4 inches apart. When preparing beds in frames or out-of-doors for pricking out the young seedlings, some material should be worked amongst the soil, such as old Mushroom-dung, leaf-soil, or well decayed manure, well broken into small pieces. To this the roots of the plants will cling well when lifted, and each plant can be removed to the trenches with a good ball of soil full of active roots. Keep the frame a little close and steady for a few days, until the young plants make a fresh start, after which time the lights should be drawn off in the daytime and re- placed on frosty nights. Frames or handlights not being at command, they can be pricked out-of-doors and protected with hoops and mats during frosty weather. The second or main sowing should be made from the middle to the end of April. This sowing will supp'y heads for the winter months. In each case it is bist to sow under glass either in pans or boxes, or on a raised bed in a frame. In the early stages of growth the young plants generally succeed best in a house which is syringed and damped several times a day, and the boxes or pans should be kept near the glass. The young plants from this sowing should be pricked out-of-doors when large enough in an open position. They will require shading and sprinkling overhead for some days after being removed from the boxes or pans, and during dry sunny weather successive waterings will be required ; the young plants will make no headway in dry soil, in fact, throughout the whole season of growth they should not receive a check for want of water at the root. The third and last sowing to produce heads for the spring months should be made from the first to the third week in May. I am in favour of making this sowing on a raised bed in a cold frame, keeping the latter quite shaded until the seed germinates. By this method a sufficient space of soil may be sown over to allow the seedlings to be thinned out, so that they will stand in the seed-bed until large enough to plant direct into the trenches : thus they only receive one check by removal, and this is a decided advantage should the weather be hot and dry at the time of transplanting. G, W, Richards, Sojiierley Gardens, Ringwood, 412 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 28, 1885. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. T„^^^^« tji.., ., f Special Sale of Orchids in Flower, at Pro- TUESDAY, Mar. 31 ^ \^„„^ 4 Morris' Rooms. I Sale of Lilium auratum, Roses, and Plants, ,,, _ . ., ) at Prothcroc & Morris' Rooms. Wednesday, Apr.l ■ ■( gale of Established Orchids, at Stevens' ( Rooms. r Meeting of the Linnean Society, at 8 p.m. THtmsDAY, April 2 X Sale of Imported Orchids, and Lilium } auratum, &c , at Stevens' Rooms. AN important epoch in the history of the ROTHAMSTED EXPERIMENTS was reached in 1883. In that year the fortieth crop of Wheat grown year after year on the same land was harvested, and in the current number of the Royal Agricultural Society's Journal, Sir J. B. L.\WES and Professor Gilbert record the results obtained during the last twenty years of this period — the first twenty years' investiga- tions having been given in the same Journal in 1864. Since the former publication much has been learnt respecting the action of manures on dif- ferent classes of soil and upon different descrip- tions of plants, which knowledge, our authors say, enables them to forecast with some degree of certainty — subject to the influence of climate — what will be the relative yield by the various manures applied to their experimental crops for some considerable period in advance. Coincident with the increase of knowledge a completely new branch of inquiry has sprung up — the sources of inherent plant-food, and the channel of unexhausted manure ingredients. These subjects are ably dealt with in the report before, us, and the investigations clearly show, that the soil itself, without external aid from manures, is capable of producing much more growth than it was formerly credited with ; it in fact not only contains more inherent fertility derived from the debris of pre-existing vegeta- tation, but holds it with a firm grasp, and gives it up very slowly unless stimulated by an additional supply of nitrogen in an easily assimilable form. Every year a certain proportion of the organic nitrogen of the soil becomes nitrified by the agency of organisms existing in the land, re- sulting in an annual unmanured Wheat crop of from 100 to 120 lb. per acre. Of the more important constituents of plant-food, there have been removed from the soil 17 lb. of potash, 10 lb. of phosphoric acid, and 20 lb. of nitrogen each year. A fact of considerable importance to gar- deners comes out in the report regarding the influence of weeds. When weeds are allowed to decay upon the soil which produces them, no loss of fertility takes place. But as weeds take up available nitric acid which should go towards the support of useful garden products, an immediate loss is the result. The nitrates taken up by the weeds revert again to the form of organic nitrogen, and do not become again available as plant-food until they have under- gone decay. If large crops of weeds are removed from the land, then a serious loss of plant con- stituents may be the consequence. Mineral manures alone, although requisite to build up the fabric of plant growth, gave but a small excess of Wheat over the unmanured land, amounting to an increased yield of not more than \\ bushel of grain per acre per annum, demonstrating the fact that the Wheat plant, at all events, obtains but little of its nitrogen from atmospheric sources. Potash and phosphoric acid, two important elements in mineral manures, appear to enter into very fixed combinations with the soil, and in this respect differ much from compounds of ammonia and nitric acid, which are extremely liable to be washed away by heavy rains unless taken up by means of growing vegetation. When large crops of Wheat have been grown by the application of nitrate soda or ammonium salts in combination with mineral manure, the Kothamsted soil does not seem to have either gained or lost fertility, the loss ot plant-con- stituents being, in fact, made good by the amount of nitrogen stored up in the stubble, decaying leaves, and under-ground roots of the large crops produced. This may serve to explain the value of certain luxuriant plants as restorative crops. When farmyard dung is applied to land much less growth is obtained from a given amount of nitrogen than from an equivalent in ammonium salts or nitrate soda. In dung the nitrogen which constitutes the stimulating ingredient is always in combination with carbon. In this form it is both insoluble and inactive, and for more crops only becomes available during the slow process of decay or nitrification. Carbon may be separated much more easily from the nitrogen of the urine and other animal secretions, which must form a large proportion of all good and well made dung, while it may take many years to nitrify portions of the nitro- genous organic matter ^of straw, especially in heavy land. The Rothamsted Wheat experiments further teach us that the soil of a well cultivated and properly manured garden should go on increas- ing in fertility, however much it may be cropped. The Daffodil Congress. — It is proposed to make a great display of Daffodils and Narcissi at the next meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, on April 14, at 3 p.m., in the conservatory, so as to enable the Nomenclature Committee, appointed at the Conference held last year, to consider what additions or changes in the Daffodil report are made desirable by the experience of the present season, with ^ the view to the publication of the report at an early date. Messrs. Barr & SON, Mr. Walker, and others, have intimated their intention of exhibiting largely, and it is hoped that the small amateur cultivators of these popular flowers may be well represented, Royal Horticultural Society.— The President has nominated the following gentlemen Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year, viz., Sir P, CuNLiFFK Owen, K.C.M.G., C.B., CLE, ; Robert Hogg, LL.D., F.L.S. ; Professor M. Foster, F.R.S. ; and G. F. Wilson, F.R.S. "LiNDENiA." — The publication of the first number of this new journal is deferred till May 15. MONSTERA DELICIOSA. — A plant of this Mexican variety of Monstera, at Messrs. Carter & Co.'s nursery. Forest Hill, is bearing at present two fine fruits. It is rather uncommon, as it is rarely grown in England. The (tuit is very luscious, with a Pine-apple flavour, but objectionable from the abundance of needle-like crystals, PiTCAiRNiA Maroni X. — A hybrid Brome- Had, of which a coloured figure is given in the Revue Horticok for March I. It has a tuft of bold lanceo- late spineless leaves, silvery-white on the under- surface, and surrounding an erect stalked spike of densely packed crimson flowers. It was raised between Pitcairnia Altensteinii and P. corallina. The Metropolitan Boulevard and Playground Association. — This praiseworthy Association, founded for the purpose of giving play and recreation spaces in the denser populated parts of the metropolis, and whose objects have often been advocated and noticed in these columns, has now commenced operations in Wilmington Square, Cletk- enwell. This oasis of slovenly keeping will be planned out anew, new gravel walks made, new turf laid, shrubs rearranged, and the whole area generally made presentable. Employment is given, by prefer- ence to the local unemployed labourers, thus helping much to relieve temporary distress, and to lessen the burden on the local rates. Miss Wilkinson, of 15, Bloomsbury, W.C, has given j^iooo towards the undertaking, and much interest is shown in the dif- ferent parishes, which expresses itself in various ways. Palm Leaf Labels. — We are indebted to Mr. Holmes (or specimens of plant-labels con- structed from the dried leaf of Corypba umbracu- lifera. They are not easy to write on with ordinary ink, but this difficulty might be got over by the use of Brunswick black. The durability of such labels would of course be very great. It has occurred to us, that if the name were scratched on the leaf, and then Brunswick black, or other staining fluid, allowed to penetrate the incised marks, a label would be pro- duced which for convenience and durability could hardly be surpassed. The labels were sent by Dr. Ondaatje from Ceylon, and could be supplied wholesale with brass eyes at about 31. dd. per 1000. Linnean Society of London. — A meet- ing of this Society will be held on April 2, at 8 P.M., when the following papers will be read: — I, **On the Coast Flora of Gapygia (Otranto), South Italy," by Henry Groves. 2, "Studies in Vegetable Biology : Observations on the Continuity of Proto- plasm and on Rosanoff's Crystals in the Endo- sperm-cells of Manihot Glaziovii," by Spencek Moore. The " Farmer's Year Book."— This useful publication, by Messrs. SuTTON & Sons, Reading, which combines cultural directions with excellent descriptions of farm produce, as grasses, Clovers, Carrots, Mangel Wurzel, Cabbage, &c., is quite apart, as an example of trade advertising ; the figures, profusely given, showing the habit of growth of the various plants, and the accurate appearance of many varieties of grass seeds used in permanent pastures and alternate husbandry, being especially interesting and instructive. Gardeners and amateurs who are frequently required to lay down lawns and cricket- grounds afresh, will find much assistance in deter- mining the quality of the seeds used by means of the figures of the sorts usually employed for this purpose, viz., Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata (useful in shady places, and standing drought well), Festuca duriuscula, F. tenuifolia, F. ovina, Poa trivialis, P. nemoralis. The cultural directions appended to each kind of crop are perfectly trustworthy, and are the results of wide experience ; but knowing the perti- nacity of the farmer in keeping to old safe if not over- intelligent practice, one may be inclined to ask what use these finger-posts in practice serve. Pescatorea Klabochorum. — It is remark- able what frail characters are sometimes made to serve the purpose of distinguishing genera, and Orchids are no exception to this finely dividing hair.splitting rule. The plant under notice is an apt illustration of this, and the Genera Plantarum has done good ser- vice in reducing many superfluous genera. The species of Pescatorea are reduced to Zygopetalum under the group Warscewiczella. The distinguishing features are one-flowered peduncles, and broad in- curved sepals and petals, which give the flower a somewhat globular appearance. These, in the pre- sent instance, are white, minutely tipped with green, while the curiously shaped alternately concave and convex lip is of a reddish-purple colour. The flower is of a thick and fleshy texture, emitting a powerful but agreeable perfume. A specimen is flowering, or was recently, in the warm division of the Orchid- house at Kew. ^— Lilies at Messrs. Beckwith's. — Forced Lilies have for some years been one of the features of Messrs. Beckwith's Tottenham Nursery, where they are grown in thousands. This season they promise to make a magnificent display. The comparatively little known L. Harrisii is the first to come into bloom ; this kind occupies a house 125 feet long, and begins to open its flowers before the middle of March. L. cximium fills three houses from 120 to 140 feet long ; the plants are as even as possible, just showing flower, although not more than 10 or 12 inches high. The great masses of Hyacinths in one house just coming into full bloom showed a picture in varied colours such as few kinds of plants afford. The even character of the large massive spikes standing well above the foliage of just the right length, would astonish ordinary growers of these bulbs. In addition to obtaining bulbs that are light in the matteis of age and strength, there is a good deal in knowing the kinds that will come into flower together early or late in the season, Covent Garden Life Boat. — A grand evening concert was held in aid of the support of the above boat on Tuesday evening last at St, James's Hall, passing off brilliantly, and judging by the numbers present we should say with great profit March 28, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 413 Fig, 74.— pinus coulteri, grown in Hertfordshire, (see r. 415.) 414 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 28, 1885. to the cause. The station, which is the most impoit- ant of all the stations belonging to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution, is at Caister, in Norfolk, and was founded in 1S58, since which lime its boats have been instrumental in rescuing over 1000 lives from a watery grave, of which The Covcnt Garden^ although it has only been stationed there seven years, claims the creditof more thanhalf, viz., 567, oran average of eighty- one per annum; thus gaining for itself the exalted po.'i- tion of having saved more lives in that time than any other boat in the fleet. The Ramsgate boat, we be- lieve, comes next, her numbers being 767 in twenty years. The gratifying intelligence reached the committee a few days berore the concert that their boat had again performed two good services, having been away fully twenty-four hours in making two journeys to ships in distress, their elTorts being rewarded by landing the crews of two vessels, numbering thirty souls in all, at Harwich. Nearly £\z. 26 M 20 u 26 M 10 .1 22 .. 19 Feb. 4 Jan. s6 „ 28 ,, 20 .. 23 The weather experienced has been very favourable for transplanting operations and outdoor work gene- rally. Eupatorium atrorubens. — Like its con- gener E. ianthinum, this is also a native of Mexico, and requires rather warm treatment to grow it to per- fection. When in flower or nearly in that condition, it may be removed to a conservatory, where, although a Composite, its unusual appearance cannot fail to be attractive. The flowers are of the same pale blue or violet colour as those of the better known species, but the leaves are several times larger and far more hand- some. The habit is more robust and less compact in the manner of branching ; but the most important and striking feature of the plant is to be found in the long reddish-purple hairs that invest the stems, petioles, and midribs of the leaves, giving them a shaggy appearance and suggesting the specific name. It is synonymoui with Hebeclinium atrorubens. Both the above mentioned species are well represented in the greenhouse No. 4, at Kew, The Quinquennial Exhibition at Haarlem. — We learn that Ihis exhibition, which was held at Haarlem, from March 20 — 24, was not only very large, but very successful. Hyacinths formed the staple of the exhibition, there being six exhibitors in the class for 100 Hyacinths in pots, eight in that for forty varieties, and corresponding numbers in other classes — twenty-eight in all. Mesers. Krelace ob- tained a Silver-gilt Medal for a new single Hyacinth, not in trade (Sophie Charlotte, red), Messrs. Kers- TEN, a Silver Medal for single white Corregio, and the same gentlemen for City of Haarlem, single yel- low. Messrs. G. C. Van Meeuwen, of Haarlem, gained a Silver Medal for a new double blue variety, Duke of Norfolk. There were twentyclasses for Tulips, five for Narcissus, three for Crocus, three for Fritillaria, and others for Galanthus, Scilla, Anemone, Ranun- culus, Chionodoxa, PKonies, Amaryllis, and Clivea, Kucharis, table decorations, and miscellaneous objects. The principal prize-takers were Messrs. J. II. Ker- STEN & Co,, of Haarlem, for a collection of one hun- dred Hyacinths in pots (eighty single, twenty double- flowered varieties). In the same class Messrs. BiJvOET, Krelage, Zocher, and Voorhelm. In the prin- cipal class, for a hundred Tulips, eighty single, twenty double, Messrs. L. Waveren cS; Co , of Uillegom, took first honours, Messrs. POLMAN MoOY and Krelage being also honoured. For Narcissus (Tazetta) Messrs. J. D. ZoCHER obtained first honours. Other prizes were taken by Messrs. Krelage, Polman Mooy, and Van Velsen. Messrs. G. II. Van Waveren obtained a Silver-gilt Medal for forced Fritillaria imperialis in pots, and which we learn were very effective. The white Scilla sibirica also attracted attention. The show was almost exclusively made up of bulbous plants, for although a few classes were allotted to other plants, they were not well filled, and " niet ini;ezonden" — equivalent to our "no entry " — had to be written against them. Phyllanthus mimosoides, — The cha- racters of the flowers of this species from a garden point of view are normal, that is, of the usual dimi- nutive and inconspicuous type. Notwithstanding the enormous number of species belonging to the order, the absence of showy flowers is notable ; and although a considerable number are cultivated in hothouses, it is their coloured bracts, or the beauty of their foliage, that gains them admission. The lateral branches of the present species, even upon close inspection, bear a remarkable resemblance to compound and twice pinnate leaves. They also mimic in no ordinary degree the leaves of some species of Acacia, such as A. lophantha, but of thicker and more leathery con- sistency. The presence of minute stipules, however, and the clusters of flowers in the axils of the ultimate divisions, show the latter to be the true leaves. The whole branch with its leaves are of a bright green colour, constituting the plant no mean object for decorative purposes. A specimen has been flowering for some time in the stove at Kew, and a figure may be seen in the Botanical Cabinet ^ 721. New Early Tulips at South Kensing- ton.— There was so much of an attractive character at South Kensington on Tuesday last that in all proba- bility the group of new varieties of early single and double Tulips shown by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons did not receive the attention they merited. Of the single varieties one of the best is Ophir d'Or, a deep coloured Chrysolora, of a bright deep canary-yellow — large, showy, of good form, and dwarf in growth ; Rose of Holland is one of the most distinct, and charm- ingly feathered with rosy-pink on a white ground— the flowers of good build and very pleasing ; Adeline is of a soft satiny-rose, in the way of Proserpine, and, being of dwarf sturdy growth, is admirably adapted for pot culture ; Prince of Austria is somewhat diffi- cult to describe. It is something in the way of Thomas Moore, but darker and differently marked : the petals are a kind of brownish orange-red, feathered with bright deep orange — very bright and effective. It is still more difficult to accurately describe American Lac, one of the most distinct of the new varieties. The principal colour is a kind of tawny-orange, feathered with delicate lavender and white — certainly very pretty and distinct ; Queen of the Netherlands is almost white : it has a white ground, very deli- cately suffused and flushed with pink — also pretty and distinct. Of flowers of crimson and scarlet shades there were Messcher, maroon-crimson, rich in colour, flowers large and well formed ; Moucheron — this may be described as something in the way of Couleur Cardinal, the dark shaded red petals are distinctly feathered with vermilion, dwarf and very showy ; La Grandesse has bright crimson flowers, leathered with scarlet, large and striking ; Queen Emma is of a semi-double character, the colour bright rosy-cerise, striking and showy, but the flowers small and wanting in form ; White Hawk is probably the purest white single Tulip in cultivation, large flowers, but as shown inclining to roughness ; Dandy is the last of the new single varieties— it has a pale rosy- purple ground, feathered with white ; the flowers small, and somewhat dull looking. The new double varieties certainly fall behind the single types for quality and attractiveness ; the best are Emmeline, deep rose, flushed with crimson — very bright and striking ; Vuurbaak, bright orange-crimson, distinctly feathered with orange, but with the green tips common to Rex Rubrorum ; and Raphael, white, suffused with pink, and flaked with rose — pretty and distinct. All the new varieties appeared to be of a dwarf yet vigorous growth, but this was, perhaps, mainly owing to the fact thit they were so admirably grown. Fritillaria Sewerrzovil— It is rather a comfort that Mr. Baker has reduced Regei.'s genus Korolkowia to Fritillaria. The combination of such a generic and such a specific name, however acceptable in Russia, is not very euphonious to English ears, and gardeners certainly will prefer the better known name Fritillaria to the less familiar Korolkowia. Technically it differs from most Frilil- larias in the absence of a circular pit at the base of the perianth segments. In place of the pit is a rather long, very shallow furrow, from the centre of which projects a yellowish ridge. As figured in the Gartenjlora, tab. 760, it forms a tall glabrous bulbous herb with sessile broadly lanceolate leaves and a leafy raceme of numerous pendulous green bell-shaped flowers, each rather more than an inch long with six recurved segments, dark, oblong obovate, and rather longer than the six stamens. Mr. Burbidge kindly forwards from the Trinity College Botanic Garden a specimen which he de- scribes as flowering out-of-doors. In Mr. BuR- bidge's specimen there is but a single flower, con- siderably larger than those figured by Dr. voN Regel, and greenish-yellow in colour, with the basal furrow bordered by a blotch of chestnut- brown. The six stamens are dull red in colour, and the filaments studded with numerous small purplish conical excrescences. The anthers are of a dull purple, not green as described by von Regel and Baker. In the specimen before us the ovary and style are completely absent, so that although there is little doubt that we have to do with the same species, yet we must as usual admit a considerable range of varia- tion in it. Perhaps, as the plants get stronger, the peculiarities we have noticed will disappear. The plant is a native of the mountains of Turkestan, where it was collected by Sewerzow. A greenish-yellow flower is not an attractive description, nevertheless the present flower, from the elegance of its form, is worthy of cultivation, and the peculiar tint would assort or contrast well with other colours in a group. In the February number of the Gartenflora, t. 1 181, is given a coloured figure of a variety (fl bicolor) with more robust habit and greenish-yellow flowers. Mr. Burbidge's specimen seems nearer to this variety than to the original species. Aphelandra cristata. — When this plant was introduced more than 150 years ago British gar- deners knew nothing of the highly decorative and valuable species of more recent introduction, important alike for their handsome foliage and large brilliantly coloured flowers. The flowers in this instance are of the same type as those of A. fulgens, but greatly enlarged, and altogether more ornamental, from their deep scarlet colour and much longer tube, with a rin- gent mouth. The most notable feature of the species, however, is its manner of throwing out lateral branches all round the termination of the cen- tral axis. These branches are four-sided, owing to the arrangement of their bracts in alternat- ing opposite pairs. The flowers are conse- quently arranged in four tows on each branch, and the whole inflorescence gives the plant a crested appearance, suggestive of the specific name. It flowers in a small state from cuttings, as may be seen in the Begonia-house at Kew. There is a coloured plate ol the plant in the Botanical Magazine, t. 1578. Publications Received.— ^/JiV^ffK of the Art of Laying Down Land to Permanent Tempo- rary Pastures. — One Hundred Years Ago, A paper read before the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture at the Centennial Meeting, February 4, 1885. By George ViI.KWT.— Electric Rfeleorotogy. What is Gas ? How the Theory was Worked ifp. By G. A. Rowell, Assistant in the Oxford University Museum. Gardening Apppointments. — Mr. 1!. AsHTON, late Head Gardener at Kirkham Abbey, York, has been appointed Head Gardener to Lord Howard of Glossop.— Mr. A. Stevens, formerly Gardener to Mrs. Fletciikr, Holywell Park, near Sevenoaks, Kent, as Head Gardener to J. Bateman, Esq., Moor Park, Farnham, Surrey.— Mr. S. White has been engaged as Gardener to G. B. Woodruff, Esq , High Hatch, Ilurstpierpoint, Sussex. MAKCH 28, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 415 riNUS COULTERI. This magnificent Pine is a native of the mountains of California {36^ N.), where it grows at an altitude of 3000—4000 feet. The specimen of which, through the courtesy of Mr. Rashleigh, we give a figure (Hg. 74), produced iis cones in the pinetum of W, K. Uaker, Esq., of Kayfordbury, The history and botanical features of the tree are well known, and may be found in readily accessible sources. We may, however, supplement the accounts by the following extract from Ravenscroft's Piuctum Britanniium^ and from our own note-book. In the Pinetum this tree (of which P. macrocarpa is a synonym) is described as — "A tree very nearly allied to P. Sabiniana, growing to the height of 80 or 100 feet, with large spreading branches, and a trunk 3 or 4 feet in diameter. It is perhaps of a straigliter habit and of a less glaucous hue. It produces the largest, heaviest, and most beautiful cone of any known species. The cone is like that of P. Sabiniana, with the scales terminating in large recurved hooks, but it is larger, longer, and the hooks of the cones more produced. Good specimens arc rarely to be seen, the projecting hooks of the scales being usually broken and injured before it reaches this country. Mr. W. Murray mentions that two magnificent specimens for long ornamented his drawing-room chimney-piece in San Francisco, and notwithstanding the occa- sional use of fires when these were needed, they never showed the slightest indication of opening, but seemed as if carved out of one solid block of wood — indeed, the common observation made by non- botanical visitors was what an exquisite piece of carving it was, the light colour like box-wood, and the sharply defined edges contributing to mislead those who had never heard or dreamed of Pine tree cones larger than a man's head. [In Mr. Rashleigh's specimens the scales show a tendency to separate.] The cone of P. Sabiniana is on the other hand easily opened, the scales separating of their own accord. The seeds of the two species are the converse of what one would expect, the species with the smaller cone (P. Sabiniana) having the largest seed. The cone takes about twenty months to come to maturity. In 1852 a tree in the Jardindes Plantes, at Paris, produced two cones in its eighteenth year. They grew at the top of the leading shoot : one dropped off, but the other remained ; at the end of the first season it measured about 3 inches in length and three-quarters of an inch in diameter. At the end of the second season it had reached its full development, and was about 16 inches in length, by about 9 inches in diameter." At Kew there is a fine specimen of this tree, of which the regularly pyramidal habit is very striking. The old bark flakes off in thin irregular smoky-brown plates. The branches are long and lithe, with the bud-scales markedly reflexed and rough. The buds are large, oblong-ovate acute, cinnamon-brown, ex- panding early in April (relatively late). The young shoots are glaucous-green, flushed with pink, and clothed to the base, or nearly so, with leaves. The leaf section is triangular, with thick wedge-shaped masses of bypoderm, resin canals surrounded by strengthening cells, and a central ovoid fibro-vascular bundle surrounded by endoderm. In germination two cotyledons only are produced, then a pair of pri- mordial leaves, followed after an interval by two decussating pairs. We have Mr. George Paul's authority for the statement that this Pine is one of the few that will thrive on London clay. Mr. Rashleigh, on the other hand, informs us that on his deep loamy soil this Fine does not do well. At Pampesford it grows on the chalk drift. PROTECTION OF FRUIT TREE BLOSSOMS. The present is an anxious period (or the cultivator of the various varieties of fruit trees, which expand their blooms earlier than our fickle climate renders quite safe. So much is this the case that an abundant promise of fruit is not unfrequently blasted by one of those sudden and sometimes unexpected depressions of temperature which are frequently experienced when the season is considerably advanced. To pre- vent as far as is possible injury to the fruit crop, various appliances are resorted to by way of pro- tection, more particularly in the case of such useful fruits as the Apricot and the Peach ; and for such there can be no doubt that glass in some form is one of the more effectual materials, but as this is not always available, the use of more rough and ready materials is frequently resorted to, such as hay or straw bands stre'ched upon poles placed at a short distance from the face of the walls on which the trees are trained j or curtains formed of " I'rigi Domo," or some similar material, suspended from temporary wood coping ; or the trees are sometimes thinly covered with twigs or small branches of the Spruce Fir or the common Yew ; and these, although not always elTectual, are nevertheless found in a majoiily of instances to be so. The petals of flowers, including the blooms of the Apricot and the Teach, &c., are possessed ol consi- derable protective power, and elTectu.-dly protect the more tender parts of the blooms from injury during even very considerable depressions of temperature, but the moment the petals are unfolded the most tender as well the most important parts of the blooms are exposed, and bereft of all defence against the frost. It is obvious that it would tend very much to the safety of the blossoms of such trees as the Apricot and the Peach could their expansion be retarded to a somewhat later period ; and it is quite possible that more than is generally attempted in this direction might easily be done. Such trees as the Apricot and the Peach are generally trained upon the south or south-east side of a garden wall, and they are conse- quently, .at intervals, subjected to a comparatively high temperature by the bright gleams of sunshine which occur during frosty weather in the month of February and the early part of March, and this circumstance has necessarily the effect of prematurely exciting the flower-buds, and inducing an earlier expansion than would otherwise be the case. Indeed, it may generally be found that in early spring, trees trained to south walls in the open air are in a more forward condition than the same kinds occupying an unhealed orchard-house, or similar glass structure, as in the latter case the cultivator may manage to keep the trees longer in a condition of rest by the free admission of external air, by night as well as by day, when the state of the weather will permit this to be done, and thus to a considerable extent retarding the blooming period, in order to secure a condition of weather more favourable to the fertilisation of the blooms, and when sudden and severe depressions of temperature are less likely to occur, as in early spring it has been found that a covering of glass is hardly a sufficient protection for Peach and Apricot trees in full bloom. In the case of trees trained to walls much might be accomplished by carefully shading the trees during those bursts of winter sunshine which tend to excite the blossom-buds and to induce them to unfold at an earlier period than is desirable or consistent with safety. This might no doubt be effected by the use of a curtain formed of " Frigi Domo," or canvas, and which should only be applied during sunshine, and will also be inreadiness to protect the expanded blooms from frost and cold winds at a later period of the spring. And such curtains, with proper care, will be found to last for many years. It has often been asserted that the bloom of fruit trees, and tender plants in general, suffer more in the process of thawing than they do in freezing ; that is, a belief that if plants when more or less frozen can be gradually thawed, the injury to them will be very much less than would otherwise be the case. It is possible that this assertion maybe somewhat mislead- ing. It may be asked, In what way does frost act injuriously upon tender vegetation ? I may be wrong, but I have always considered it to be its power of expanding fluids, and the consequent rupture of the tissues of tender plants, and the tender parts of the blossoms of fruit trees, &c. [It is the fluid between the cells which freezes, not that in the cells themselves : the practical result is the same. Ed.] If a bottle or other glass vessel be filled with water and exposed to the influence of intense frost during a winter night, it will in the morning be found to be fractured, and whether thawed gradually or otherwise, will when fairly thawed fall in pieces all the same. As another case in point, I have a distinct remem- brance of having a collection of seedling Cinerarias, a plant known to be impatient of frost. They were intended for winter flowering, but they still occupied a cold pit, and were placed close to the glass. One night, however, an early and unexpected frost occurred, and on the following morning it was evident that the plants were more or less frozen. The pit was in two divisions, and the plants in one division were at once well syringed with cold rain-water, and kept shaded with mats during the entire day. The plants in the other division were also shaded, but by way of experiment they were not syringed. On un- covering the pit on the following day the portion of plants which had been syringed certainly appeared to have suffered less than those which had not been so treated ; but before the end of a week there was no perceptible difference in the two sets of plants as regarded the irjuiy they had sustained. P. G. lapta' floMJ^rji. SEASON.\BLE NOTES ON HARDY FLORISTS FLOWERS: THE AURICULA. At p. iSS it was stated that the offsets should be taken off and potted in small pots. My own were done at that time. They were placed in a shady position in a cold frame, and have not yet been watered. At this season of the year water should be applied very cautiously to such delicate subjects. Last year we sowed the seed of the show Auriculas in January, plunging the pots in a gentle hotbed, but the seeds vegetated very irregularly, and the largest proportion of the plants appeared after the seed-pans were removed from the hotbed, and placed in a cold frame. This year the seed-pots were placed in the Auricula-house at once, and I have now a fine lot of young plants regularly placed over the surface of the soil in which the seeds were sown. I fancy the seeds of all these hardy and other alpine plants vege- tate most freely when sown in cold houses or frames. The flowering of the specimen plants is much later this year than it was last. At this date last year I had many choice named varieties and seedlings in flower, while this year there is practically no bloom at all. Unless the weather changes soon the season will be a late one. As the trusses are now push- ing up freely from the centre and sides of the plants, with the pips in course of expan- sion and formation, we are careful not to allow the cold east winds to blow directly on the plants, at the same time they must have a free supply of fresh air admitted daily. In frames the lights are tilled against the wind, and at night double mats are required to keep the plants from being frozen. Three nights ago the thermometer fell 9° below the freezing point. The plants, which up to this time have been placed very closely together, now require more room to prevent the leaves and flower-stems from being drawn. The Carnation and Picotee. Although the weather has been so cold the whole collections of plants have made signs of growth, and if they have not been repotted or planted out, no delay should take place now. The whole of mine have been potted into their blooming pots, they being protected in the meantime by glass lights. At one time I used to turn the plants out-of-doors as they were potted, but some of the more delicate varieties used to suffer if cold east winds or perhaps a fall of snow caught them before they became established. They do not receive any water at the roots for ten days at least after they are potted. I am planting out some named varieties, and two or three hundreds of seedlings in the open ground. It would have been much better to have planted out the seedlings in the summer, but I was unable to do this with the whole of them. Some that were planted out have made very strong flowering plants. Within a month the seeds should be sown over a gentle hotbed to produce plants to flower in 1886. Those who intend to raise seedlings with the object of producing new and distinct varieties should save their own seeds ; the flowers should be intercrossed with each other, and it is better not to mix the classes. The best varieties only should be selected for seed bearing. The young plants of the perpetual flowering type raised from cuttings in January have been potted off into large and small 6o-sized pots. They require to be grown on in a frame over a spent hotbed, where there is yet a slight heat in the plunging material be- neath. The plants very speedily fill the small pots with roots, and before they are root-bound in the least should be potted again into larger pots. They must be kept steadily growing under glass until the weather is favourable, about bedding-out time, when they should be placed out-of-doors. The Gladiolus. The main collection should be planted out now without any delay, except waiting until the ground is in good condition. Instructions were given as to 4i6 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 28, 1S85. planting them at p. 188. The early flowering species and varieties that are hardy enough to be established in the borders may now be lifted in the mass, and be divided and replanted. Some of them, such as G. Colvilleus and the variety alba, have made very con- siderable growth, but even now, if they are lifted with a mass of roots and carefully planted, they will grow on again without any apparent check. It is better not to part each root out separately, but rather part them into smaller clumps of from six to a dozen roots in each. Some roots that were purchased in the winter were potted, and as soon as they have grown suffi- ciently they will be planted out where they are to remain permanently. J. Douglas. Selections of Exhibition Dahlias. Show Varieties. — Undoubtedly the best twenty- four show Dahlias for exhibition purposes will be found to include Mrs. Gladstone, Lord Chelms- ford, Miss Cannell, Prince Bismarck, Joseph Ashby, Henry Walton, William Rawlings, Henry Bond, the Hon. Mrs. Percy Wyndham, Joseph Green, Prince Arthur, Georgiana, Canary, Con- stancy, Emily Edwards, James Cocker, Herbert Turner, Condor, Mr. Stancomb, Mr. William Dodds, Piince of Denmark, Vice-President, Earl Radnor, and Walter H. Williams. But in case a smaller selection of twelve of the best varieties might be re- quired, the following can be named with confidence ; — Mrs. Gladstone, Lord Chelmsford, Miss Cannell, Piince Bismarck, Joseph Ashby, Heniy Walton, William Rawlings, Henry Bond, the Hon. Mrs. Percy Wydham, Joseph Green, Prince Arthur, and Georgiana. The following are the very pick of the self coloured show Dahlias : — Imperial, Canary, Earl Radnor, Emily Edwards, Georgiana, Henry Bond, James Cocker, Joseph Ashby, Joseph Green, Lord Chelmsford, Prince Arthur, Prince Bismarck, Cardinal, Thomas Goodwin, Walter H. Williams, William Rawlings, Herbert Turner, and Vice- President. The self flowers are a rather more numerous Section than the edged or tipped varieties, and so a selection of the best twelve of the latter will be found in Henry Walton, Lady Gladys Herbert, Harriet Tetterell, the Hon. Mrs Wyndham, Miss Cannell, Mrs. Harris, H. W. Ward, Mrs. Hodgson, Mrs. John Downie. Picotees : — Royal Queen and Cremorne. Fancy Dahlias. — The best twenty-four fancy Dahlias should include George Barnes, Professor Fawcett, Flora Wyatt, Jessie Mcintosh, Rebecca, Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Fanny Sturt, John Forbes, Mrs. Saunders, Henry Glasscock, Gaiety, Frederick Smith, Charles Wyatt, Chorister, Parrot, Hercules, James O'Brien, Maid of Athens, Miss Annie Milsome, John Saunders, Madame Soubeyre, Mandarin, ^^Mrs. N. Halls, and Monsieur Chauviere. What varieties should be selected from this list to form the best twelve ? Clearly, George Barnes, Professor Fawcett, Flora Wyatt, Jessie Mcintosh, Rebecca, Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Fanny Sturt, John Forbes, Mrs. Saunders, Henry Glasscock, Gaiety, and Frederick Smith. The fancy Dahlias are dividable into two classes — the tipped flowers and the striped and flaked flowers. The best twelv: of the former are Fanny Sturt, Jessie Mcintosh, Maid of Athens, Miss Browning, Miss Rodwell, Mrs. N. Halls, Mrs. Saunders, Miss Annie Milsome, Pea- cock, Polly Sandell, Lady Antrobus, and Queen Mab. The best twelve striped and flaked fancies are Flora Wyatt, George Barnes, Chorister, Frederick Smith, Gaiety, Henry Glasscock, Hercules, John Forbes, Monsieur Chauvidre, Rebecca, Rev. J, B. M. Camm, and Professor Fawcett. R. D. J40]VIE 5^0RRESP0J>. nivea, P. obconici, P. marginata coerulea, P. Nelsoni hy- brida, and P. John Bright. For nine hardy herba- ceous plants, Mr. J. Douglas \v.-is also ist, with Narcissus bieolor Horsfieldii, white and blue Muscari, Sangui- nariii canadensis, Anemone ranunculoides. Hellebores, FritiUarias, &c. For six forced Roses (nurserymen) Messrs. Paul & Son, the "Old" Nurseries, Cheshunt, were 1st, with Souvenir d'un Ami, Marquise de Caslel- lane. Perfection de Montplaisir, Alba rosea, Duke of Teck, Catherine Soupert, all well grown handsome specimens. This firm also staged forty other pot Roses, all in the very best condition, for which they received a Large Bronze Medal. Six Deutzias (open).— Mr. |. Douglas was a long way ist here, with six splendid specimens, literally "smothered" with bloom ; Mr. H. Eason was 2d. with six well bloomed but con- siderably smaller specimens than Mr. Douglas' ; 3d, Mr. G. Wheeler. The classes for twelve pots of Cyclamen brought forth a grand dispkiy. In the open class Mr. H. B. Smith, nurserj'man, E.aling Dean, was ist, with twelve even, dwarf, well bloomed plants ; Mr. F. Hill, gr. to H. Little, Esq., Hillingdon Place, was 2d, with twelve good plants, but not quite so dwarf as Mr. Smith's. In the amateurs' class, Mr. F. Hill was ist, with a nice even lot ; and Mr. J. Wiggins, gr. to W. Clay, Esq., Grove Road, Kingston, was 2d with twelve plants very little behind Mr. Hill's. Six pots Lily of the Valley, in 9-inch pots (open), brought out some grand examples, which were much admired. Mr. W. J. Watson, nur- seryman, Newcastle-on-Tyne, was ist with six splendid fresh examples, especially when the distance they travelled is taken into consideration ; Messrs. H. Wil- liams & Sons, Fortis Green, Finchley, were 2d ; and Mr. H. R. Wright, florist, Lee, Kent, 3d. For twelve Hyacinths, single spikes, amateurs, Mr. H. Eason was ist. with magnificent examples of Koh-i-noor, Lady Derby, General Havelock, Grand Master, Baroness von Tuyll, Macaulay, Marie, Marchioness of Lome, King of the Blues, and Von Schilller ; Mr. J. Dougkas was 2d with fine examples of La Grandesse, Bird of Paradise, Ida, Von Schiller, Souvenir de J. H. Veen, and others. The class for twelve Hyacinths, dis- tinct, nurserymen, brought out a fine lot. Messrs. H. Williams & Son were ist, with magnificent examples of Czar Peter, Koh-i-noor, Grandesse, King ol the Blues, I,ord Macaulay, Marie, Morena, Lord Derby, Von Schil- ler, Grandeur 4 Merveille, and Kingof the Yellows. Mr. H. R. Wright was 2d, with fine examples of Grand Maltre, Rubra, and Maxima. Messrs. W. Cutbush & Son, Highgate, were 3d, with twelve fine spikes, mostly of the newer varieties, fine in colour, but deficient in size. Twelve pots of Tulips, three in a pot, amateurs.— Mr. J. Douglas was ist, with fine dwarf, highly coloured examples of Kaiser Kroon : white Joost van Vondel ; purple Joost van Vondel, Ophir d'Or, and Proserpine ; 2d, Mr. H. Eason, with rather taller plants of the same varieties. Twelve pots of Tulips, distinct. Nurserymen.— Messrs. W. Cutbush & Son were ist, with excellent examples of Hector, Proserpine, Kaiser Kroon, Fabiola, Van der Neer, Rose Gris de Lin, Ophir d'Or, Cottage Maid, Vermilion Brilliant, and Joost van Von- del. Messrs. H. Williams it Son were 2d, having, amongst others, several very well-grown plants, good e.xamples, of Hector, Nelly, Mercurius, Spaendonk, &c. ; Mr. H. R. Wright was 3d. Twelve pots of Polyanthus Narcissus, three in a pot, not less than four varieties (open).— ist, Messrs. H. Williams & Son, with a fiae even lot ol Grand Monarque, Bazelman Major, Newton, Gloriosa, Her Majesty, Balhurst, &c. ; 2d, Mr. J. Douglas, with similar varieties ; 3d, Mr. H. Eason. Twelve pots of Crocus (open).— ist. Mr. J. Douglas ; 2d, Messrs. Cutbush & Son. Twelve AmarylUs (open), —ist, Mr. J. Douglas, with twelve seedUngs ol Empress of India, all of them, more or less, showing thee haracler of the parent. Two of them were especially noticeable— an unnamed one with a fine white star, and very deep claret edging; and Sir Garnet Wolseley, fine hvely scarlet. Special prizes for Amaryllis.— For the best seedling, ist, Mr. J. Dougkis. with Helen Lodge, a fine bold flower, rich carmine, with small white distinct star ; 2d, Mr. F. J. Hill, with Mrs. H. Little, a good flower, deep crimson, white-tipped, small green star. For the best six named, Mr. f. Douglas was ist, with Great Gearies, light crimson, white distinct star ; Empress of India, J, Douglas (Veitch), Marcus Aurelius, fine bright crim- son, green star ; John Heal, bold flower, white, flaked claret, green eye ; and Madonna, white, flaked crimson, green eye ; 2d. Mr. R. Butler, gr, to H. H. Gibbs, Esq., St. Dunstan's, Regent's Park, with six of the Empress of India type. For the best dark variety, Mr. J. Dougks was ist and 2d. with Great Gearies and Empress of India respectively. For the best light variety, Mr. J. Douglas was again 1st and 2d, with J. Heal and Madonna. There were numerous miscellaneous exhibits of exceptional quantity and merit, which in no small degree contributed to the success of the exhibition. Mr. Bull, Chelsea, had a choice collection of plants, neatly arranged, several of which received Certificates. Messrs. Paul & Son the "Old" Nurseries. Cheshunt, had a fine collection of hardy plants and alpines, lor which they received a Certificate, while some of their specimens received a special Certificate. Messrs. H. t'anncU & Sons, Swan- ley, staged a fine stand of twenty bunches of Pelargo- niums and a basket of Primrose Harbinger. Mr. .\utliony Waterer, Knap Hill, received a Bronze Medal for a fine collection of hardy Primroses, &c. Messrs. B. S. Williams, Ilolloway, had a large stand of mis- cellaneous plants, which had a telling effect, and for which they received a Large Silver Medal. Mr. R. Clark, Twickenham, had a fine lot of Cyclamens. Mr. H. W. Price, gr. to P. M. Muntz, Esq., Malvern Lodge, Surbiton, showed a collection of Cinerarias, with very large heads of bloom, for which he received a Certificate. Mr. II. B. Smith, Ealing Dean, received a Large Bronze Medal for a magnificent group of Cyclamens. Mr. Janies, Farnhaiii Royal, Slough, received a Bronze Medal for a collection of Cinerarias of remarkably dwarf habit and striking colours. Mr. II. R. Wright, Lee, had a Large Bronze Medal awarded him for a collection of Tulips. Mr. J. Wiggins, gr. to W. Cl.ay, Esq., Kingston-on- Thames, received a Certificate for a collection of Cycla- mens. Messrs. \. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, had a fine collection of miscellaneous plants, including some of their famous Amaryllis, many of which received a Cer- tificate. Mr. F. ). Hill received a Certificate for a quantity of Lycastes in variety, and a fine example of Dendrobium crassinode, with very large blooms and well coloured, Mr. II. Eason also received a Certificate for a collection of flowering bulbs— Hyacinths, Tulips, &c. Messrs. Hooper & Co. exhibited a fine basket of Carna- tions. Messrs. Carter & Co., High Holborn, had a fine basket of Valotta purpurea, and pans of Primula spec- tabilis and Soldanella montana. Messrs. Collins Bros. & Gabriel had a showy collection ol Narcissi, Anemones, &c. , for which they were awarded a Large Bronze Medal. Mr. T. S. Ware, Tottenham, with a fine collection of hardy flowers, for which he received a Certificate. Messrs. Barr & Son, Covent Garden, were awarded a Bronze Medal for a fine collection of Narcissi, &c. Messrs. W. Cutbush & Son were awarded a Small Silver Medal for groups of Hyacinths, &c. Certificates were awarded as follows : — To Mr. W, Bull. Chelsea, for Hasmanthus Kalbreyeri maximus. Bentinckiana condapanna, tjreodoxa plumosa, Sarra- cenia ."^tkinsoniana, Masdevallia Wagneriana, Lycaste Skinneri alba, Dendrobium crassinode var. alba, D. nobile var. insignis, D. Ainsworthii, Odontoglossum Rossii concinnum, Selaginella amo3na, and Lo- maria heterophylla. To Mr. Hill, for Dendrobium crassinode var. gigantea. To Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, for Anemone Pulsatilla patens. To Mr. B. S. Williams, for Calanthe Sanderiana, Dendrobium nobile nobilis, and Camellia Commendatore Betti. To Messrs. Barr & Son, for Chionodo.xa sardensis. To Messrs. Keteleer, nurserymen, Sceaux, for Begonia Gloirede Sceaux. To Mr. J. Douglas, for Amaryllis Helen Lodge, and A. Great Gearies. To Mr. Hill, for Lycaste Skinneri magnifica. To Mr. James, for single- flowered Cinerarias, Mrs A. Sutton, Viceroy, Paragon, Mary Anderson, General Gordon, Dante, and Rob Roy. To Mr. Hill, for Azalea Madame J N. Verschafl'elt and Primula Tomkin's Queen. To Messrs. J. Veitch, for Amaryllis Basilisk, Ne Plus Ultra, Perfection, and Rho- dodendron Teysmanni. CLIFTON SPRING SHOW. The fifteenth spring show was held in the Victoria Rooms on the 18th inst.. and was in every respect an excellent one. The chief features were the spring flowering plants, but in addition there were also some choice collections of stove and greenhouse plants. Orchids. Ferns, and some capital dishes of hte fruit, consisting of Grapes, Pears, and Apples, all of which were in an excellent state of preservation. One of the most interesting exhibits in the non-competitive class was a very large and choice collection of Narcissi, sent from Tresco Abbey. Isles of SciUy. by T. A. S. Dorrien Smith, Esq. Prize offered by the Treasurer, Walter Derham, Esq.. for the best eighteen Hyacinths, distinct varieties ; twelve pots of Tulips, six single and six double. — Mr. G. Marsh, gr. to M. Dunlop. Esq.. was ist, with a very choice collection, comprising the following varieties :— Queen of Blues. General Havelock. Von Schiller, Fabiola. L'Innocence. King of Blues, Odalisque, Haydn, Lord Shaftesbury, Queen of Hyacinths, Mont Blanc, Pinerman, Lord Macaulay, De Candolle, Paix de I'Europe, Grand Maitre, General Pelissier, Lothair. Tulips : — White Pottebakker, Vermilion Brilliant, Murillo, Proserpine, Fabiola, Joost van Vondel, Tourne- sol. Kaiser Kroon, Imperator Rubrorum, Tournesol yellow. 2d. W. N. Lintem, gr. to Wm. Butler, Esq.. with some good examples of Queen of Hyacinths, General Havelock, Mont Blanc, King of Blues ; also some well grown "Tulips. 3d, Mr. W. C. "Taggett. Twelve Hyacinths, distinct varieties. — 1st, Mr. Gas- trell, gr. to W. A. Jones, Esq. ; 2d, Mr. H. Lintern, gr, to Wm. Butler, Esq. ; 3d, Mr. Wm. Fo.x. gr. to Mrs Harle. Six Hyacinths, distinct varieties.— ist, Mr. Josh. Gas- trell, gr. to A. Jones, Esq. ; 2d, Mr. W. Fox. Four pots, single TuUps,— 1st, Mr. W. Fox ; 2d. Mr. Lintern. Mr. Four pots double Tulips.— 1st, Mr. Fox ; 2d. Lintem. Four pots Vermilion Brilliant.— 1st, Mr. Lintern ; 2d. Mr. Fox. Banks of plants arranged for effect on a space 12 feet by 7 feet.— These were composed of Orchids, stove and greenhouse plants, interspersed with fine-foliaged plants and Ferns, and although somewhat flat and formal, had a very gay effect (open). 1st, H. C. Miles, Esq. (gr. Mr F, Perry) (Silver Cup) : 2d, James Derham, Esq. (gr. Mr. W. Rye), 4 guineas ; 3d, Messrs. M.aule & Son. Three pots. ^m.iryllis. —ist, Mr. C. Taggett. For the best bnnch of Grapes, Mr. F. Nichol, gr. to Mrs. Miller, was placed ist, with a good bunch of Lady Downu's ; and Mr. 1 .oosemore, gr. to W. Cooper, Esq., 2d, with the same variety, belter in colour than the former, but somewhat shrivelled. For the best dish of Pears, Mr. J. Marshall, gr. to Mark Whitwell, Esq., was ist with an excellent dish of E.isler Beurre ; Mr. [. Slaplelon, gr. to H. Mardow, Esq., 2d ; and Mr. W. Rye, 3d. For the best dish of Apples the isl prize was awarded to Mr. IC. T. Hill for a highly coloured plump dish of Blenheim Orange ; the 2d to Mr. II. Bannister, gr. to II. St. Vincent Ames, Esq. ; 3d, Mr. J. Marshall. For the best arranged vase of flowers there was a keen competition, as also for buttonhole bouquets. In the former class Mr. E. T. Miller was ist, with a well arranged stand, although the flowers were somewhat loo crowded at the base. Mr. E. S. Cole was 2d, and Mr. Mark Hutchings, 3d ; and for the boltonhole bouquets, Mr. E. S. Cole, gr. to VV. Pethwick, Esq., was ist. For the best specimen Orchid, for which a Banksian Silver Medal from the Royal Horticultural Society was awarded to Mr. E. Miller, for a nicely flowered Pliala;- nopsisSchillerianawith over sixty expanded flowers ; Mr. Rye being a good 2d with a nice pan of Coelogyne cristata, 3 feet in diameter ; Mr. Nichol being 3d with the same species. The ornamental foliaged plants were represented by some grand specimens of Crotons— Weis- manni, interruptus, Youngii and variegatus ; Latania borbonica, Areca sapida, Cycas revoluta, Alocasia metal- lica, Dracaena Morreana, and others- Mr. Rye being placed ist ; Mr. R. Morse, gr. to S. Budgelt, Esq., 2d ; and Mr. T. Edwards, gr. to J. Lysaght, l';sq., 3d. For the best collection of stove and greenhouse plants, there were some neat plants staged, consisting of Clerodendron Balfourianum, Clivea polygala— Mr. F. Perry being ist. , Mr. H. Hancock, gr. to A. W. Summers, Esq., 2d. ; and Mr. Fox, 3d. The Azaleas were not largely represented, although some neat and well flowered specimens were staged, the chief prizes being awarded to Messrs, F. Perry, H. C. Taggett, A. Hancock, H. Spry, gr. to J. Gibson, Esq., H. Lintem, and R. Morse, gr. to S. Budget!, Esq. For h!ind bouquets, Messrs. E. S. Cole, M. Bookings, and E. Miller, were awarded prizes for some very choice and tastefully arranged examples. Messrs. Parker & Sons also exhibited (not for competi- tion), some elaborate specimens of bridal and ballroom bouquets. Pots of Lily of the Valley, as well as Cycla- mens, were exceedingly well done, as were also Migno- nette and Primula. A few good stands of cut Roses were also well shown, especially those exhibited by Mr, Wm. Taylor, gr. to Alderman Chaftin, Esq., of Bath. I must not omit to mention the splendid display of Hya- cinths contributed by Messrs. Garaway of the Durdham Down Nursery, which comprised some magnificent ex- amples of all the leading kinds. A treble-spathed Arum was also shown by the same firm. In this instance two of the spathes were large and equally developed, while a third could just be distinguished between these. Advantage was taken at this large gathering of the lovers of horticulture to present to Mr. George Webley, who has jusf resigned the post of Hon. Secretary to the Society after sixteen years' hard and most successful work, an illuminated address, accompanied by a silver cake-basket, fruit-spoons, and album, as a mark of their sincere regard for him, and as a small acknowledgment of his valuable services. T. S. C. SIATB OP 7HB WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON, For the Week Ending Wednesday, MARctr 33, 1885. Hygrome trical I>e Barometer. Temperature op THE AlB. ductions from Glaishcr's Wind. < •labJes 6lh Q < c = b£ B z 0 U^rt « *^ *- s r, f/^-: = 'S^S ■3 f/S " ^ s « 5 III is Mar. In. In. .1.1. I.I . .1 In. 19 3992 +ai0 44.73i.oji3.7'36.s|- s.2|30.3J 79 N.W. 0.00 20 29.55 -0.2258.031.526.545,7 + 4.0(41. 1 [ 90 s.w. 0.00 21 29.69 -0.1146.040.5 5-5|-li.7 -O..J32.3| 70' 'n'I'n^Xv 0 00 22 2972 —0.0744.032.0 12.035.6 - 6.3I32.5 89 E. N.E. 0.C7 23 3013 -(-0.35 42.0 25.0 17. ©'33. 7 - 8.3J27.9, 80 N.W. N.E. 0.O3 2-J 30.11 -I-0.33J46. 2 ,7.5^,8 7^35.7 - 6 4,3<.8j 86 E.S E. '0.00 35 30.09 -Ho 31 47.4 3I.6IS.838.2 — 4.> 30 9 75{ E.N.E. "■"" Mean 29.80 -Ho. 10 6.9 3..3 S.6 J8.i - 3 8 32. 4 81 1 1 N.W. 1.67 March 19.— — 20 — 21 — 22.— — 23.- — 24. — 25.' ■Fine bright day and night. Dull, but fine. -Dull and windy. •Snow fell from early morning till 10 am, to the depth of 4 inches. Fine afternoon ; sun ihiawg at times. ■Fine bright morning, dull afterwards. -Fine and briebt mostly. -Very fine bright morning ; dull afternoon. 420 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 28, iS London : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week ending March 21, the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea decreased from 30 54 inches at the beginning of the week to 30.44 inches by 5 P.M. on the isth, increased to 30 59 inches by 9 A.M. on the i6lh, decreased to 29.60 inches by I P.M. on the 18th, increased to 30.09 inches by 9 A.M. on the 19th, decreased to 30.08 inches by I P.M. and increased to 30 13 inches by 5 p.m. on the same day, decreased to 29 72 inches by 5 p.m. on the 20th, increased to 29 90 inches by 9 A.M. on the 2 1 St, and was 29 87 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading of the barometer for the week was 30.05 inches, being 0.2S inch lower than last week, and o. 15 inch above the average of the week. Temperature. — The highest temperature in the shade in the week was 58°, on the 20th ; the highest temperature on the 19th was 44°. 7. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 50°. The lowest temperature was 26°, on the I5lh ; on the 2ist the lowest temperature was 40^.5. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 32°. 2. The greatest range of temperature in one day was 26°. 5, on the 20lh ; the smallest was 5°. 5, on the 2Ist. The mean of the seven daily ranges was 17°. 8. The mean temperatures were — on the I5lh, 37°. 3 ; on the l6th, 39°.4 ; on the 17th, 42°.3 ; on the iSih, 4I°.S ; on the 19th, 36°.5 ; on the 20th, 45°.7 ; on the 2ist, 4I°.7 ; and these were all below their averages (excepting the 17th and 20th, which were o".7 and 4° above) by 4'.!, 2°. i, o°.2, 5°.2, and 0°. i respectively. The mean temperature of the week was 40°. 6, being 3°.3 higher than last week, and 1° below the average. The highest reading of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was 112°, on the 15th and 17th. The mean of the seven readings was 96°. 3. The lowest reading of a minimum thermometer with its bulb placed on grass was 21°, on the I5ih. The mean of the seven readings was 26°. 3. Rain, 0.05 inch fell on the i8th. England : Temperature. — During the week end- ing March 21, the highest temperatures were 59°.2 at Cambridge, 58° at Blackheath, 57° at Plymouth ; the highest at Preston was 49°, at Liverpool 49°. 3, at Bolton 49°. 8. The general mean was 53°. 8. The lowest temperatures were 24°. 5 at Cambridge, 25°. 6 at Wolverhampton, 26° at Blackheath ; the lowest at Liverpool was 32°. 4, at Brighton 31". 3, at Bristol 30°. 5. The general mean was 29^. The greatest ranges were 34°. 7 at Cambridge, 32° at Blackheath, 29°. 9 at Wolverhampton ; the small- est ranges were l5°.9 at Liverpool, iS° at Preston, I9°.4 at Brighton. The general mean was 24^.8. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Sheffield, 53°.3, at Cambridge 52°.9, at Truro 51°. 6 ; and was lowest at Bolton and Sunder- land, 45°. 8, at Liverpool 46°. The general mean was 49°- 3- The mean of the seven low night temperatures was highest at Liverpool and Preston, 36. i, at Truro 36°; and was lowest at Cambridee, 30°.5, at Wol- verhampton 31, at Hull 3i°.6. The general mean was 33°. 9. The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge, 22°. 4, at Wolverhampton I9°.3, at Sheffield I9°.2 ; and was least at Hull, 9°, at Liverpool 9°.9, at Preston Io°.5. The general mean was 15°. 4. The mean temperature was highest at Truro and Sheffield, 42°.7, at Preston 42^.2 ; and was lowest at Bolton, 37°.8, at Wolverhampton 39°, at Sunderland 39°.3. The general mean was 40°. 6. Rain. — The largest falls were 0.90 inch at Bolton, 0,81 inch at Brighton, 0.58 inch at Preston; the smallest (alls were o.oi inch at Plymouth and Bristol, o 05 inch at Blackheath. The general mean fall was 0.26 inch. Scotland : Temperature. — During the week end- ing March 21, the highest temperature was 59°, at Glasgow ; at Paisley the highest was 51°. 3. The general mean was 53°'*^" The lowest temperature in the week was 20°, at Greenoc't ; at Leith the lowest temperature was 3 1*. 7. The general mean was 27°. 9. The mean temoerature was highest at Edinburgh and Aberdeen, 42°.! ; and lowest at Greenock, 40°. I. The general mean was 41°. 5. Rain, — The largest fall was 0.65 inch, at Greenock ; and the smallest fall was 015 inch, at Dundee, The general mean fall was 0.30 inch. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. ©ijituats. We regret to hear of the death of Mr. F. W. Wilson, at the comparatively early age of fifty-one. He was for many years superintendent of the shows at the Crystal Palace, and all who knew him at that time will remember how indefatigable he was, and the wonderful good temper he displayed in moments of worry and anxiety. arktls. Answers to Correspondents. ^*.^ Correspondents are informed that, owing to the arrangements for Easter %veek all comviuni cations intended for publication must be sent not later than March 31. Camellia Leaves Diseased : Waterside. We are unable to offer any satisfactory explanation of the numerous brown spots on the Camellia leaves. We have seen like spots caused by a fungus named Pesta- lozzia Guepini. In your case, however, we cannot detect any fungus spores. For a description of a very similar disease in Palms, with illustrations of species of Pestalozzia, see the Gardeners' Chronicle for October 4. 1884. In default of a full knowledge of the ailment, we can only recommend the removal and burning of the leaves as soon as the disease-patches begin to show. W, G. Smith. Diseased Peach Tree . Arbre. Apparently a case of gumming, but from what cause is not evident. Lawn Tennis Court : M. There is no harm done by the ground having been much trodden, rather good if the land be light and well-drained. It can be best laid with turf from an old pasture, as free as it can be got from weeds. Lawn Sand applied after the turt has begun to grow will encourage the grasses, thereby choking the other vegetation, which will then gradually die out. For the mixture of grass seeds suited to your soil and requirements, apply to a respectable nurseryman, but do not purchase the Rye-grass with the other seeds, as this is best sown by itself first and hoed in lightly ; the other seed can then be sown and lightly raked in, and the ground rolled evenly after- wards. The Rye will cover the ground and shade the weaker grasses for the first year, after which it will die out, leaving the perennial grasses to form the sward. Names of Plants : F. C. T. Camellia pseoniflora rosea.— G. K. Gude. Eucalyptus globulus ; Cytisus racemosus ; Carex, next week. — A Chapinan. i, Scilla sibirica ; 2. S. bifolia ; 3, not recognised.— W. M. B. Gaultheria Shallon. ~ \V. Lcighton. ^schynanthus splendidus.—- I'K Collett. Grevillea Manglesi ; Rhododendron, perhaps Countess of Had- dington. — J. Willis. Dendrobium chrysotoxum, Epidendrum Stamford ianum. The seed-pod of your Odontoglossum grande will be engraved, and figured in our columns shortly. Prize Schedule, &c. : G. C. i. Unless the schedule states that no hardy plant may be shown as a green- house plant, you should be able to put up Clematis Miss Bateman. 2, Not later than six weeks in ad- vance of the date. Quotations from Books, &c. : C. Ford. If you fully acknowledge the source from which the quota- tions are taken, that is all that is required, unless you quote in a wholesale manner, when, unless you have obtained permission, your acts would become unlaw- ful. The rule to follow is " Do unto others," &c. "Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh " (vol. xiv., part 3) : Diss. This can be obtained through the Treasurer, Mr. P. Neil Fraser, Old Fishmarket Close, Edinburgh. Window-box Plants to Bloom from April to June : John M. G. Pansies, fancy and selfs ; Lo- belia erinus in variety ; Regal Pelargoniums ; zonal ditto ; shrubby varieties of Calceolarias ; Azaleas, Indian, Ghent, and mollis species ; early-flowering Pinks ; Wallflowers in variety, single and double ; Ivy-leaf, sweet-scented, and tricolor Pelargoniums ; Mignonette ; the old single yellow Auricula, and alpine varieties ; Cinerarias ; Dactylis procumbens ; Lysimachia nummularia ; Saxifraga sarmentosa. All of these are best obtained from a florist's, in a forward state, just about to bloom. Dwart coniferous and evergreen plants, to mix up with the flowering plants, if desired, can be obtained in great variety from the same source. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. V. Lemoine, Nancy, Ruede I'Etang— Catalogue and Price Current. James Yates, 29, Little Underbank, Stockport— Farm Seeds. Thibaut & Keteleer, 107, Rue Houdan, i Sceaux, Seine — Plants. John Downie, Edinburgh— Florists' Flowers. Hooper & Co., Covent Garden— Cereals, Roots, Grasses, Clovers, &c. Charles Turner, Slough— General Spring Catalogue. COVENT GARDEN, March 26. Prices almost without alteration, supply being quite equal to demand. Good Grapes coming short, with a rise in prospect. 'James Webber^ Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Pricks. t.d. s.d. Apples, J^-sieve .. 16-50 — Nova Scotia and Canadian, barret i3 0-21 o Cobs, per 100 lb. . . 50 0-55 o Grapes, per lb. . . 50-80 s.d. s.d. Lemons, per case ..12 0-18 o Pine-apples. Eng, ,1b. 1 o- a o — Sl Michael, each 26-80 Strawberries, per oz. o 6- o 9 Vegetables.— Ave RAGB Retail Prices. s. d. s. d. Artichokes, Globe, per doz. . . . . 4 c^ 6 o Asparagus, English, per bundle .. 3 6-10 o — French, bundle 15 0-20 o — Perpignan, nat.> per bundle . . 20- .. Beans, Eng., per 100 20-.. Beet, per doz. . . 10- . . Cabbages, per doz. ,. 16-30 Carrots, per bun. .. o 6- ». 1 CauliHowers, Eng- [ lish, dozen.. .. 30-40] Celeriac, per root ..04-.. | Celery, per bundle., i 6- a 6 j Cucumbers, each .. 09-1 6 ' Endive, per dozen ... a o- .. 1 Garlic, per lb. —06-.. Herbs, per bunch .. o a- o 4 Potatos.— All markets 55. a bad I. d. I. d. Horse Radish, bun. 30-40 Lettuces, Cab., dor. i 6- „ — French Cos, each 09-.. Mint, green, bunch. . 09-10 Mushrooms, p. baskt. 10-16 Onions, per bushel.. 40-.. — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Parsley, per bunch.. 04-.. Peas, per lb. ..10-.. Potatos, new, per lb. 09-10 Radishes, per doz. . . 10-.. Rhubarb, bundle .. 06-.. Salsify, per bund. .. 10- .. Seakale. per punnet 2 o- a 6 Small saiading, per punnet .. ..04-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-.. Tomatos, per lb. ..30-26 Turnips, bun. .. 05- .. to 105. per ton lower, with trade. Cut Flowers. — Average Wholesale Pricks. i. d. t. d. AbutiloD, 13 bunches 30-40 Acacia, Kr., basket.. 40-50 Anemone. 12 bunch. 30-90 Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 30-60 Azalea, i a sprays ..06-10 Bouvardias, per bun. 10-16 Camellias, per doz .. 10-40 Carnations. 12 blms. 10-30 Cinerarias, per bun, 06-10 Cyclamen, 12 blooms 03 06 Epiphyllum, 12 blms. 04-06 Eucharis. per doz. ,. 40-60 Euphorbia jacquini- flora. 12 sprays .. 30-60 Gardenias, la blms.. 30-60 Heliotrooes, 12 sp. ..06-10 Hyacinths, Roman, 12 large bunches. .13 0-18 o Lapageria. white, 13 blooms . . ..30-30 — red, 13 blooms . . _. I o- 2 o Lily-of-VaI.,i2sprays o 9-16 *. d. t. d. Marguerites. 13 bun. 30-60 Mignonette, 12 bun. 30-90 Narcissus. Paper- white, 13 sprays., o 9- r o — French, 13 bun. 20-60 Pelargoniums, per 12 sprays .. .. i o- i 6 — scarlet, 12 sprays 06-10 Primroses, 12 bunch. 06-10 Pnmula. double, bun. 09-10 — sinensis, 12 bun. 40-60 Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60 — coloured, doz... 20-60 — French, per doz. 10-20 Spiraa. 12 bunches.. 60-90 Tropseolum, 12 bun. 30-40 Tulips, 12 blooms ..09-10 Violets. 12 bun. .. 04-09 — French, bunch.. 03-10 — Parme, French, per bunch . . ..30-50 Wallflower, 12 bun.. 40-60 Wbite Jasmine, bun. 06-10 Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Pricks. s. d. s. d. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 0-24 o Arbor- vitae (golden), per dozen .. ..6 0-18 o — (common), dozen 6 0-12 o Arum Lilies, dozen 9 0-15 o Azaleas, per dozen.. 18 0-42 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouvardid, dozen .. 9 0-18 o Cinerarias, per doz.. 9 0-12 o Cyclamens, per dor. 9 0-24 o Cyperus, per dozen 4 0-12 o Dracaena terminalis. per dozen .. ..30 0-60 o — vindis. per doz. . 12 0-24 o Epiphyllum. doz. ..18 0-24 o Erica, various, doz. 9 0-18 o — Cavendishii, per dozen .. . .42 0-48 o — ventricosa, doz. 42 0-60 o Euonym , invar., doz. 6 0-18 o Evergreens, in var., pet dozen . . . . 6 0-34 o s. d. I. a. Ferns, in variety, per dozen . . ..4 0-18 o Ficus elastica, each 16-70 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ..a o-io o Geniita, 12 pots .. 9 0-18 o Hyacinths, per doz. 60-90 Lily-of-the- Valley, 12 pots .. . .12 0-18 o Marguerite Daisy, per dozen .. ... 8 0-15 o Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 o-ia o Narcissus, 12 pots ..13 0-18 o Palms in variety, each .. ..3 6-ai o Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen .. 40-90 Primula sinensis, per dozen ..40-60 Spircca, per dozen . 9 0-18 o Tulips, dozen pots .. 60-90 SEEDS. London : March 26. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, of 37, Mark-Lane, report that an active sowing demand now prevails for field seeds, but the business passing this season is not so large as usual. Prices all round show no improvement, however, every description continuing exceedingly cheap ; available supplies are meantime feeling the inroads made upon them, and values generally, it is thought, have seen their lowest point. Clover seed maintains the firm tone previously noted. Ther cis an improved inquiry for Italian and perennial Rye grasses. Canary and Hemp seed are without variation, the busi- ness passing being sniall. Spring tares offer more freely. Good black Rape seed is in short supply. POTATOS. The Borough Market report stales that supplies are more than adequate to demand, which is dull. Quota- tions :— Scotch Regents, 851. to 95J. ; Kent ditto, 75J. to 90^. ; Champions, 45r. to 6oj. ; Magnum Bonums, 60s. to 80J. ; and Victorias, jos. to 90X. per ton, — The imports into London last week consisted of 27 bags from Boulogne, 755 from Hamburg, and 55 from Rotterdam. Communications Received. — W. R. Lee.— M.D.— J. Haigh. — R. Barton West.— B. T. L.— J. W.-C. W. S (next week). -Thomas.— G: S. Boulper.— J. C— E. R.— R. S.— J.Calder. — C. H.-H. J. C.-J. F.— W. Fyfe.-E. J.— H. S.-Capt. v.— G. M.— Prof. Sargent. — Hon. and Rev. J. T. B.— E. M. H.— F. W. B.— W. H. T. -H. M. J.— Carl Hansen, Copen- hagen.— Chevalier de Monteiro. Almeira. Qovemment Stock. — Consols closed on Mt nday at 97^ to 97S for delivery, and 97^^ to 97^,5 for the account. Tuesday's figures were 97^ to 97! for delivery and the account. The closing quotations on Wednesday were 97 to 974 for both account and delivery. Thurs- day's final figures were 96J to 97 for the double quotation. March 28, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 421 NATIVE GUANO. Extracts from the Ninth Annual Collection of Testimonials from persons who have used this Manure for Farm and Garden Crops ;— HOOTS, OKAIN, GRASS, &c. GEORGE %10^%^C(iskio Bridge Farm irat/ord. February ig, 1885. " Used for 'Swedes on plants at ihe rate of about 6 cwt. per acre. Results : I was very welt satisfied, considering the long lime we were without rain ; the Swedes were quite as good or better than some in the same field with more e,\pensivc manures. I have used your Native Guano for Swedes and while Turnips, and have a very good crop for the season. Kindly send me 3 tons at your earliest convenience, and oblige." JAMES KITLEV. Farm Ste-.vtrd to the Right Hon. Lord Derby, ly^itiey Park, Haslemere. January 24. 1885. " U&ed for Tares, at the rate of 4 cwt. per acre. Results : Very good." ROBERT CRAWLEY, Chelveston war Higham Ferrers. January -i^. 1885. " Used for Wheat, Oats, Barley, Clover, and grass, at the rate of from 1% to 5 cwt. per acre (according to the condition of the land, which was cold clav), with good results ; had quite 5 cwt. o( hay more per acre. Your manure, if as good as last year's, is the best I have ever used, except guano. All other manures are land damagers — they doctor the land for a time, afterwaids they require a physician." WM. GEO. "S-IAAOTT^ Aston Abbotts, Ayleibury. February 5, 1S85. '* Used (or Oats grown after seed Tares at the rale of 7 cwt. P'r ac»e. Results : Very good ; about i2j4 qr. per acre. lacing grown against the road, it was generally remaiked what a fine piece of corn it was, and I have no doubt will be the cause of several of my neighbouis using it this season." JAMES SOMES, Bathf, Yelden Eitate. Hie/tarn Ferrers. February 3, 1885. " Used for Oats and roots, at the rate o( 4 cwi. per acre for mots, and 2 cwt. for Oats, with farmyard manure. Results : y xceedingly good for crops. I was very pleased with your manure, and we intend using it largely this year." JOSEPH FRANKLIN, Scots^cve, Thame. Ftbntary 18, 1885. *' Used for grass and Mangel Wurzel, at the rate of 6 to 8 cwt. per acre. Results : Very good." A. C. HILLS. Marston, Oxford. February 7, 1885. *' Used for Mangel Wutzel, at the rate of 5 cwi. per acre, with plenty of ash. Results: A splendid crop. I think a lot of ash with the Guano does a deal of good." J. SHRIMPTON, Cr^a^/Z.w^/j', Tetiworth Oxford. {•el-ruary 5, 1885. " Used for Swedes and Turnips, without farmyard manure, at ihe rate of 4 cwt. mixed with ashes. Results : Gave good yatisfaclion, the Turnips being a very good crop indeed. The Swedes were a good plant, but owing to the dryness of the season and severe attacks ol blight did not finish up so well. I shall be a customer again this season." C. BP'ESON', Glory Farm, Amersfiam. February 9, 1885. '* Used for Mangel at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. Results : Very good. I have given my opinions on your manure pre- viously," JOHN A. WILLIAMS, Alderminster Ledge, Stratford on- Avon. January 26, 1885. " My first experience with your manure has been confiimed during the past vear. It seems especially valuable and econo- mical when used for roots." POTATOS and KITCHEN GARDEN CROPS. G. WHEELER, Bourne End. February 3. 1885. " Used (or Potatos at the rate of 16 cwt. per acie. Results: Tubers much finer and quantity considerably larger than any other manures I ever tried. I consider your manure the best possible, as it supplies the tubers when most needed, without a tendency to rot them." JACOB ROBINSON, Beyton Green^ Bury St. Edmunds. February 9, 1885. " Used for Potatos at the rate of 10 cwr, per acre. Results ; Most satisfactory : no other minure whatever used. My method of applying is to sow broadcast immediately in fiout of the hands engaged in mou'ding up." J. SMITH, Head Gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Rosebery, Mentmore, Bucks. January 28, 1885. " Used for Peas, Onions, Lettuce, Cabbages, Potatos, Turnip^;, and fruit trees. Results ; Onions, a splendid crop ; other crops, where used, most satisfactory. As a surface-dressing I con- sider your Native Guano most useful. Peas seemed to derive much benefit from the dressing." JAMES DART, Gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Carltn^- ford. K.P.. Ihe Friory, Chexvton Mendip, Bath, Ftbruary g, 1885. "The Native Guano I received from your fitm in 1884; instead of using it dry I used it as liquid in large tubs to p'ants o( many sorts in pots', also Roses, Cucumbers. Marrows, and many other things, and I was quite satisfied with ii." THOMAS HAMILTON, Gardener to the Right Hon. Viscount Hood, Lynwood, Sunningate. Ascot. January i^Z, 1885. " Used for Toraatos, Cucumbers, and soit-wooded plants in genera'. Results: Very good. As we had only a 2 cwt. bag, can- not bear testimony on a large scale ; but have no doubt for general purposes is very good." THOMASHENRYHILL, TheGardcHS,Diirwards, IVitlmm. January 24, 1885 " Used for Potatns, Onions, Beet, and Cairols, at the rate of 8 cwt. per acre. Results : Very good indeed. I can report again on the excellency of your Native Guano. I us4 no other artificial maoure. All I used it for did very well, considering the diy season we had." H. CAKEBREAD. Head Gardener to Sir Philip Rose, Bart., Rayners, Btuks. January a8, 1885. "Used for Potatos, Peas, Beans, and all kinds of winter Greens, Vines, Peache«, and Pot Plants Results : Satisfactory in all cases. Without doubt your Native Guano is a very stimulating manure, and especially for all green crops. I am of opinion, to thoroughly prove any kind of artificial manure on the same piece of ground, one row should be manured and the next left, i.e., every alternate row only done." JAMES S-W^KS. Gardener to Frank Snood, Esq., T/te Firs, Old Charlton. Kent. January^ 26, 1885. '*Used (or Peas, Beans. Potatos, Cabbage, Cauhflawers, Celery, Lettuce, Radish. Endive, Cucumbers, Tomatos, &c., and Fruit Trees, also Stove, Greenhouse, and Conservatory. Results: Very satisfactory. I consider it a first-rate manure for all these purposes. I think the Native Guano only requires to be better known to be much more largely used," E. S. WILES. The Gardens, Edgerote, Banbury. January 26. 1885. '* Used for Melons, Cucumbers, Peas, Onions, and Pot Plants. Results: Good on all — Melons, Cucumbers, Peas, and Pot Plants in particular. The Native Guino supplied to me last year was very good, and as a cheap manure I highly recommend it." VINES, STRAWBERRIES, LAWNS, FRUIT TREES aud FLOWERS. ISABELLA MECHI, The Ltmes, Earls Coin*. Essex, February, 1885 " Used for all kinds ol vegetables, and voung truit trees, with satisfactory results. On pot plants the effects arc very mwked, producing a brilliant green foliage, and enabling them to resist greenfly. I have no doubt whatever of the fertilising qualities of Native Guano." Dr. CHAS. A. BURGHARDT, Delamere, Alderley Edge, Cheshire. Febntary q. 1885. " Used for Peas, Cauliflowers, Strawberries. Cabbiges, and grass, (^^uantity used; well dusted over .'iurface fjr grass; we'l dusted over surface and forked in for other cops. Results : The Strawberries were excellent in quality and larger in size than usual, the Peas and other vegetables were much improved by this manure, in fact the Brussels Sprouts were earlier and finer than I have seen them for some years. No other manure used on grass, ordinary farmyard manure on Strawberries, as I always have used it. I consider the mmure you sent me most excellent for grass, lawns are much improved by the use of it. the grass growing much quicker and having a much better colour than before." Col. the Hon. W. P. TALBOT, Glenhurst. EJter. January ^T, 1885. *' Used for all sorts of fliwers, fruit, and vegetables, in Aid out of houses. I have used it principally on sn.all patches of ground and in the houses in pots, but my gardener tells me he supposes about to cwt. to the acre, kesuks ■- Very good : won a great numbtr of prizes at South Kensington, Richmond, ard other shows with fruit, fl jwers, and vegetables grown with it " General ^OWJ^KM, Bo^nor. January i\, 18S5. " Used for almost all garden croos, Pe^s. Beans. Lettuce, Asparagus, Tomatos, Carrots, Turnip-, Sa'sify, &c.. Straw- berries. Results : Very good, with all vegetables, fiuit, &c." WILLIAM APPLETON, Sipton, Slough. Feb. 5, 1885. " Used for Strawberries at the rate of half a ton per ac-^e. Results: Season very dry: not a fair trial; where used the Strawberries were more free from mildew," J. E HAINSWORTH, /JcTyi^Kry. January 2^, xZ%s. '■ Used for Vines. Results : Great improvement. I think the manure good for many kinds of things— Roses, Geraniums. I have used it for Camelllias that have not bloomed for a long time without repotting. Crops this year good : Peaches, Figs Nectarines. It muit be used with reason." W. PATERSON, Beech Groz'e, Syden/tam Hill. February 9 1885. " Used for lawns, vegetables, Vines, flowers ; grass thinly covered with the Guano (probably at half a ton per acre). Result* : Very satisfactory. Having used your Guano for twelve years, I have no hesitation in saying that it has always answered well, and that my gardeners say they could not do without it, more especially for my grass slopes and lawns." C. L- NICHOLSON, ThatcJud House Club, St. James's, London. January ^4, ie85. " Used for lawn. Results: Excellent. Marking out the area over which I used the manure, the crop of fine new grass com- pared most favourably with that portion of the lawn over which ordinary manure was applied. Our gardener desires a larger supply this season." A. MARGETSON, Victor Road, Teddingion. January 31, 1885. •'Used for Beet, Onions, Lettuce, Celery, Turnips, Endive, Roses, Pelargoniums. Primulas, Cinerarias. Tomato>. The results have been greatly to my satisfaction, especially in cases of Roses. Beet, and Celery. I have tried all other manures, but, considering the price you charge, I shall recommend it to all my friends." At the Birmingham Show, 1884, Nineteen Prizes were taken by Exhibitors who used Native Guano. PRICE £3 10s. PER TON, i^^B^gs, at the RAILWAY STATION, AYLESBURY. Pamphlets of Testimonials and all other particulars may be obtained on application to the Secretary of the NATIVK GUANO COMPANY, LIMITED, 29, NEW BRIDGE STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, E.G. HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION S ERECTED and HEATED. UESSENGEB & CO.'S GREENHOUSES are constructed so as to obtain, wltb the least obstruction to llgbt and sun, che greatest Strengtb and Rigidity. The best Materials and Workmanship, at prices which, owing to their facilities, defy competition. Three Medals awarded to Messenger & Co. by the Boyal Horticultural Society, 1882. Flans and Estimates free on application. Illustrated Catalogues free. Richly Illustrated Catalogue, containing over 60 Plates of Winter Gardens, Conservatories, Vineries, Plant Houses, Forcing Houses, &^c., recently erected by M. Sf Co., for 24 stainps. MESSENGEK & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. 422 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Makch 28, 1885. ^y^ at 2 id. per foot ^^ 16, iS, 20, 22 and 24 Inches Long, By 12, 14, 16 and 18 „ Wide. BOX SIZES, as above. BOXES FREK. CARRIAGE PAID on Orders of looo feet and more. Special OpfORTUNiTV. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, WEST SMITHFIELD, LONDON, E.C. Please Qurte C'ironicle, 105,000 Accidents. For which Two M illion? have been paid as Compensation by the RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE Company. ^4, Comhiil. Accidents of all kinds. Paid- UD and Invested Funds, ;£2'o.oco ; Premium Income, i^?35.oco. Chairmam. Harvie M. Faiquhar. Ejq. Apply to the Cietks at the Railway Stations, (he Local Agents, or West-end Office, 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, Charing Cross ; or at the Head Office, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. Farms. Estates. Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Reside-nce, or Purchasine an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed "Midland Coutties H eraid Oi^ct, Birmingham." The Midland Counties Htrala always contains large numbers of advertisements relatitg to Farms. Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. ALL MACHINES SENT CABRIAOE PAID and A MONTH'S FREE TRIAL ALLOWED. THE WOELD. THE AUTOMATON. RANSOMES' LA^VN MOVv^ERS THE "WORLD" LAWN MOWERS are the best for cutting lorg grass, and are constructed nn the American system with the specie! advantages of English materials and workmanship. They are made in nine sizes, 8 to 24 inches. Prices from 458. to £10. THE "REVERSIBLE" LAWN MOWERS are suitable for small gardens and borders. They roil the grass as well as cut it, and can be used either side upwards. They are made in three sizes, 6 to to inches. Prices from 273. to 45s. THE "AUTOMATON" LAWN MOWERS are the best machines for general purposes and gaideneis* use. They leave no ribs in the grass but produce a perlect surlace. They ars made in eight size?, 8 to 22 inches. Prices from 5Ss. to £8 lOs. THE HORSE-POWER MOWERS are the best for Large Lawns, Cricket and Lawn Tennis Clubs. They are used on the Cricket Grounds of the Ox''ord and Edm- bur^h Universities and numerou* Colleges and Public Schools. They are made in six sizi^s, 26 to 48 inches. Prices Arom £14 10s. to £32. Co7nplete Price LISTS may be obtained from any respectable Ironmonger^ or RANSOMES, SIMS & JEFFERIES (Ld.), IPSWICH. COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. (TWO HXJNDBED AND FIFTY-SIXTH THOUSAND.) By the late SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. 'R&^vmi&d ivom xht Garde?iers' Chrontck. Price 3d., Post-free 3M.; Twenty-five Copies, 5s. ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s. Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered. Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION From TO w. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Str.and, LONDON, W.C. 1885. Months, Please send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle" for commencing ^^^ _-, for which I enclose P.O.O. . Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Of&ce must be paid for in advance. ^^^^ THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, £1 y. lod. ; 6 Months, lis. iid.; 3 Months, 6s.; Post-free. (FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, £\ 6s. for Twelve Months. India and China, £\ Zs. 2d. ^P.0.0. to be made payable at DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. Cheques should be crossed "DRUMMOND." March 28, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 423 JOHN SHAW AND CO., 31, Oxford Street, ff Manciiestbr, Manufacturers of tiffany aiij NET- TING of every Description. Circular and Prices on application. W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121. BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. W. H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of chars^. and send competeat assistants when necessary. LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill Row, and 35, Pf ultry, Cheapside. E.G. Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages, sent po M r> ri M "C n Warehouses— OLD SIVAN WHARF, \ J- "-^ IN iJ '-' iN , Ii.<^. R. S. DUNBAR & CO. (Late of the THAMES BANK IRON COMPAMY), No. 4x, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. 2-inch. IS. od. 3-inch. IS. i,d. 4-inch. \s. gd. per yard. HOT-WATER PIPES ELBOWS ••• IS. 2d. ... is. ()d. ... 2s. -i^d. each. SYPHONS ••• i-f-9^- ••■ ^s.dd ... 3J. 6a?. each. TEES ••• i-f- 9^- ••• 2.f. 61/. ... 35. 6d. each. Boilers in great variety in stock. A Discount for Cash to the Trade. II II II II II I) BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS HEATING ENGINEERS. AND Conseivatories, Orchid Houses, &c. Designed in appropriate style to suit any posi- tion or requirements, with curved or straight glass as required. Vineries, Greenhouses, &c. With all the latest improvements, best materials, ventilation without draughts, and perfect glazing. Estimat es and Lists post-free. Gentlemen waited upon in any part of the kingdom. References to every county in England. Surveys made. Plans and Estimates prepared for any description of Horticultural Building. Hothouses of any design estimated for, and built of the best material and workman- ship, with strict regard to economy in price. New Catalogues post-free 12 stamps. SAVE YOUR FHUIT CROP BY USING RICHARDSON'S WALL-TREE PROTECTOR, The Cheapest Made and Tboroughly StroDg. 3 ft. wide, ij^. lod, per ft. run ; 3 ft. wide, 2j. (id. per ft. Carriage paid for Orders over l^^, PRICE LIST FREE. W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders & Hot-Water Engineers, DARLINGTON. DOULTON & WATTS, LAMBETH POTTERY, LONDON, S.E. VASES, PEDESTALS. FOUNTAINS, GABDEN EBQINQS, &c., IMPERISHABLE TERRA GOTTA. Tiles for Lining Walls of Conservatories. ART POTTERY, including JARDINIERES AND OTHER Table Decorations, and Vases, Fotmtalns, &c., for the Conservatory, In DOULTON WARE, LAMBETH FAIENCE, AND THE NEW SILICON WARE. Show Booms, Albeit Embankment, S.E. 424 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 28, 1885. (^ARDEN NETTING vJ (each piece 30 yards long). No. a at ^y^d. per run yard of 54 inches; 72-inch, ej^t/. ; loo-inch, ZYzd. No, 3 at sM'^- P**" run yard of 54 inches; 72-Inch, 7j4<^-» 1 co-inch, \o%d. HOTHOUSE SHADINGS (each piece 30 yards 1 ng). Fine NETTING '~>%d. per run yard of 54 inches; 72 inch,7^^ii'. 100-inch. •io%d. No. 6a netting <^yid. per run yard of 54 inches ; 72-inch, \s. o%d. ; loinch. is. (yd. No. 6 NETTING \od. per run yard of 54 inches; 72-inch, \s. id.; lo-inch, is. yd. No. I TIFFANY, 3J. 6d. per piece, 20 yards X 38 inches wide. No. 2 TIFFANY, 41. per piece, 22 yards x 38 inches wide. P.S. — Nettings and Shadings made up in blinds if required. RALPH WALLER and CO. (Limited), 45, Dale btreet, Manchester. TANN£D QABDEN NETTING. 1 yard wide . . i^J. per yard I 3 yards wide . . 2% J. per yard. 2 yards wide . . ij^d. per yard I 4 yards wide . . 3^. per yard. 500 yards and upwards delivered free to any part. GREENHOUSE SHADINGS. SCRIM, TIFFANY and COTTON NETTING. A set of samples, with prices, post-free. RUSSIA MATS, BAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER, PEAT, SILVER SAND, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, GARDEN TOOLS, &c.. at the lowest possible prices. Dtscriptivi CATALOG UE post-free on application. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 149. Commercial Street, Shoredltch, London, E. GARDE N N ETT I N G. S. A. SANDS (Successor to J. W. Haythorn), MANUFACTURER OF HEXAGON AND CHISWIGK GARDEN NETS. Warranted to Protect Bloom from Frost, Winds, Hail, and Fru t Irom Birds, Waspe, &c. Pattern and Prices Free per Post. Address— S. A. SANDS, 20, CLUMBER STREET, NOTTINGHAM. Made of prepared Hair and Wool, a / * perfect non-conductor of heat or /^^/ cold, keeping a fixed tempera- /.O ture where it is applied. /^^ I have just laid out about 14,003 / ,^^ plants, and keep the greater part / ^^^/ ($y/ To be had aS^/ 2 yards, >0// 3 yards and 4 yards wide, of all Nursery- men and Florists, or from the Sole Proprietor and Maker, ^ / BENJAMIN EDGINGTON (^/ 2, DUKE STREET, ^/ LONDON BRIDGE, S E. i,^y / Ask for "Frlgl Dome," and see that It Is stamped "Prlgl Domo," Registered Trade Mark. under your * Frigi Domo,' and have done so for the last three years, and every one who sees my plants is astonished to see how healthy and well they are without the use of glass." • — From a — GARDENER, October 32, r ^^■ 1856. / o m Under tlie Patronage of the Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. 'I he Gardener's Magazine says :— " We must give these the palm before alt olher plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon. U^~ NO- K+^L AT NOTICE. H E and FRET SAWS. 160 varieties. Easy Terms of Purchase, List contai7ting Prices of Parts, 6d. BRITANNIA CO., COLCHESTER. Special Designs in Garden Tables. SHANI^lBffEHf 1 r»£ ONLY LAWN MOH/£R FITTED WITH DOUBLE £0C£0 S0t€ f LATE Etmuuc THE cuTTINC PARTS MACHINE MOINES Easily Worked Making the Lawn like Velvet 1^ . Does not get out of order To CUT 10 INCHES WIDE, £3 10 0 TOCUTIZINCHESWIDE, 4 10 0 TQCUTI4INCHESWIDE, 5 10 0 T0CUTI6INCHESWIDE, 6 10 0 PRICE S. T0CUTI9INCHESWIDE,"£s 0 0 To CUT22)NCKESWIDE, 8 10 0 To CUr241NCHESfflOE. 9 0 0. LLUSTRATED LISTS OF "^«ltJi THESE UNRIVALLED MACHINES POST FREE HORSE AND POMY THESE UNRIVAL OF- AL-L. 5 ALEX.SHANKS&SON DENS IRON WORKS ARBROATH ?( 27 LEADENHALL STREET.LONDON. E . C. A larde Stook of Machines ol all sizes always kept — atE7Leaoemhall Street — ■ f -WHERE REPAIRS CAN ALSO BE EXECUTED — ' bv SMALL LAWN MOWERS Vl 6l«eiiai/- , JmcnSS/- , Bmt., fSl- «_ ELEVEN SILVER iSh <<& ^ MEDALS AWARDED TOHN MATTHEWS, The Royal Pottery, '" Weston-super-mare, Manufacturer of TERRA- COTTA V/fSES. FOUNTAINS, ITALIAN BASKETS, BORDER TILES. GARDEN POTS of superior quality, from I to 30 inches tiiameter, stand the frosts, and seldom turn creen; ORCHID, FERN, SEED, and STRIKING PANS RHUBARB and SEAKALE POTS, &c. Price LIST post-free. Book of Designs, is. 6d. BoBber's Garden Edging Tllea. HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great dui ability. The plainer sorts are specially ^ suited for KITCHEN '^ GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and, once put down, incur no further labour or expense, ~^ ^ as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper, GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO., Manufacturers, Upper Ground S reel, Blackfriars. S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S,W. : Kingsland Road. E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT'* ACME" FRAMES, PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING HOXES • also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c, from 31, per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Gro'tved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement,&c. F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and TUe Merchants. See Addresses above. SAND, SILVER fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. THOMAS GREEN & SON (Limited), Smlthfield Ironworks, Leeds, And Surrey Works, Blackfriars Koad, London, S.E. Horticuhural Engineers to Her Majesty the Queen, CALL SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THEIR PATENT WROUGHT - IRON TUBULAR HOT-WATER BOILERS, And others with SHELVES. and Hol'ow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS ; SABBLE BOILERS. With WATERWAY BACKS, and WELDED BOILERS, which are Specially adapted for Healing Greenhouses, Conser- vatories, Churches, Chapels, Schools.Public Buddings, Entrance Halls, Warehouses, Workshnps, &c. They are the neateit, cheaf'est, most fffective, and durable o/any extant. The Tubular ones are remarkable for their great heating power, slow combustion, and the length of time the fire will burn without requiring attention. This pattern Had the First and Highest Prize, a Silver Medal, Aw.irdedtoitat the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibit un, South Kcn\in^tojt, London, on "June 3 188 '. n X 1 ^ ■w^ 1 1 i m The youmal of Horticulture of June 9 says : — " Heating Apparatus — A great number of boilers, valves, &c , were exhibited by eijdht competitors, and considerable in- terest was manifested in the verdict of the judges, and much discussion was brought to bear on the merits and shortcomings of the difierent boilers. The apparatus for which the Silver Medal was awarded was a wrought-iron saddle boiler, with a series of intersecting tubes, somewhat in the form of a letter X, but the tubes in ogee form, in the crown of the boiler. Most gardeners who examined the boiler expressed a favourable opinion of it. It is no doubt a quick and powerful boiler with- out being complex, the latter condition having, no doubt, had weight with the judges." The Gardcjt of June 11 says :— " The premier prize, a Silver Medal, was taken by Messrs, Green & Son for their new patent tubular saddle boiler. It is a modification of their original patent, the boiler being longer and not so high. It is found to be a powerful and efficient boiler, and heats a large quantity of water quickly with a small consumption of fuel." Descriptive Illustrated Price List may be had free on application. Estimates given for all kinds of Heating Apparatus, and Hot- water Fittings of every variety supplied on the shortest notice. Galvanised Iron Cisterns, from ^d. to if. td, per gallon. JOHN CORBETT, Hot-water Engineer, CORPORATION ROAD, CARLISLE, Inventor and Sole Manufacturer of the RIGMADEN WROUGHT-IKON WATERWAY FIRE- BAR BOILERS. The best and most economical Boilers ever introduced. An additional heating power of fully one-third is obtained by the use of these Wrought-iron Waterway Bars. Churches, Schools, and all Horticultural Buildings Heated on the most approved principles by Hot IVater. PLANS AND ESTIMATES FREE. IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS, Iron and Wire Espaliers, &c. MATERIAL for WIRING GARDEN WALLS. GALVANISED. EYES, ^d. perdoz. HOLDFASTS, with Winders, js. per dozen. WIRE, af. per ico yards. C A T A LOG U E free. Please name this fafer. BAYLISS, JONES &~BAYLISS, VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON. And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street. London, E.G. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SON, 9. LOWER THAMES STREET. LONDON, E.C B. & Son have always a large stock in London of ao in. by tain., aoin. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., aoin. by 18 in., in 16-01. and 2t-oz. ; and also large sizes in all qualiti&s for cutting-up purposes, in 200-ft. and -^oo-ft. cases SPECIAL G LASS KOR CONSERVATORIES, VINERlES,&c. AU sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application. T. & W. F A R M I li O E, Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S. W. March 2S, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 425 Russia Mat Mercbants. ARCHANGEL MATS, PETERSBURG MATS, of all qualities and sizes. RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER, &c For Wholesale Prices apply to the largest Importers and Manufacluters— MAREN- DAZ AND FISHER, 9, James Street, Covcnt Garden, W.C. /^ARDEN NETTING, HOTHOUSE VT SHADINGS, &c. Before buying for the season send for Samples and Prices to RIGIiV, WAINWRIGHT and CO , Manufacturers, Neptune Works, Manchester. PRICES from ONE GUINEA EACH. Prize Medals awarded aa follow 8 :— Birmingham, 1872 — Meeting of the Royal Horiiculiural Society. Prize awarded to F. & B.'s Machine in competition with &iJ the principal makers — ist Prize MedaL Paris, 187S— InteroatioDal Exhibition — ist Prize Medal. Vienna, 1873— International Exhibition — ist Prize MedaL BrusGcIs, 1874— International Exhibition — ist Prize MedaL Melbourne. 1881 — International Exhibition — Diploma of Merit. ^^ ^ , Alexandra Palace, 1873 — International Lawn Mower Contest — The O/^ ist Prize. [1st Prize Medal. ^yy Manchester, 1875— Society for the Promotion of Scientific Industry — '^>'/ Manchester, 1874— International Show — ist Prize Medal. MedaL J^^y^ Manchester, 1873 — Grand International Horiiculiural Exhibition — ist Prize ' Liverpool. 1872 — Manchester & Liverpnol Aericultural Society — i*t Prize MedaL FOLLOWS AND BATE (Limned), bee to direct attention to the variety of LAWN MOWERS they manufacture, all of which are made of the best materials, and with due regard to those essential points necessary to ensure durability as well as pbrfbc- TiON IN WORKING. The large demand that has existed for several years for their Machines (which are sold by all respectable Ironmongers), toeeiher with the highest distinctions gained by them in various International Exhibitions and Public Contests — including Paris, Vienna, Brussels, Lonjon. Pirmingham. Manchesrer. Liverpool. Wjgan. &c —sufficiently artest their merits. Complete Illustrated Horticultural List now ready— Post-free, FOLLOWS & BATE (Limited), Dutton Street Works, Manchester, 3 « « d. ; Annual Subsciiplton, 411, Floral plates, beautifully coloured by Hand, 6d. and is. each. List of over 1000 varieties, one stamp. BOTANICAL PLATES, or Plant Portraits, beautifully Coloured by Hand, 6d. each. List of nearly 3500 varieties, three stamps, L. REEVE & CO., 5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W C. Works for the Possessors of Gardens. HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING. A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation of all Vegetables. By William Earlev. Author of " How to Grow Mushrooms." "How to Grow Asparagus." &c., &c. Crown 3vo, with Coloured Frontis ce. Price 4J. 6a. MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COM- PANION to the FLOWER GARDEN. A com- plete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens o( every size. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth. Price ys. ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF- DOORS. By Rev. O. Fishbr. Fourth Edition. Price u. HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By WiLiiAM Earlbv. Price it. stitched. HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture. By William Earlev. Price ir. stitched. London : BRADBURY, AGNEW and CO.. Bouverie Street, E.C. Vol. I (743 Illustrations), 15s., Mootly Parts. 15. DICTIONARY of GARDENING ; a Scientific and Practical Encyclcpn-'dia of Horticulture for Gardeners and Botanists. Edited by GEO. NICHOLSON, of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. London : S. UPCOTT GILL, 170. Strand. W.C. Belgian. BULLETIN d'ARBORI CULTURE, de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. Burve- NiCH. F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle, Professors at the Horticultiwal School of the Belgian Govern mentat Ghent. Post-paid, loj, per annum. H. I. VAN HULLE. Botanical Gardens. Ghent, Belgium. PARTNER WANTED, with a capital of ;£4oo or Z500, to take the entire control of the Seed De- partment of a recently established Seed and Floris't Business. Capital opening for an energetic man.— Communications in the first instance to E. B., Gardenerf Chronicle Office, 41, We.hng- ton Street, Strand, W. C. ANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, without children ; Wife to take care of Lodge. — Addres?, by letter, stating full particulars, L., Howard's Printing Office, High Street. Sydenham, S.E. WANTED, for a large Nursery, a very first- class man, as HEAD FOREMAN or MANAGER. No one unless thoroughly efficient and capable in every way need apply. — Address in own handwiiting, with all particulars as to age, experience, references, salary expected, and when disengaged, to C. W. C, Gardeners' Chrcnicle Office, 41, Welllneton Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, an experienced FOREMAN.— Plants, Cut Flowers. Grapes, Cucumbers, Tomatos, &c. Only those used to Market Work need apply. — Mr. JAMES, Horeham Road, Hawkhurst, Sussex. (Letter only ) WANTED, a ^ood all-round MAN to look after a Small Nursery, and to go out Jobbing when re- quired. A permanent situation for a trustwotiny and encr^ictic man, — Apply, stating abilities, and experience, &c , to jAMb.b BROOK, Nurseryman and Seedsman, Clark Green, Batley, WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a steady MAN, as Cucumber and Tomato Grower principally. Must have a thorough knowledge of his business, and one who has been ussd^to Growing for the Trade. Will be required tj take sole charge. State all particulars, where last employed, wages expected, &c., in firAt instance to Mr. GRIBBLE, 11, Basuto Road, Poole Park. Fulham. S.W. WANTED,~^t'ONCE, a young MAN, iS to 20, who has had some experience in Plant Growing for Market. Place small.— Apply, enclosing character and state wages required, with board and lodgings, to ROBINSON, Villa Nursery, Greatham, via West Hartlepjol. WANTED, a young MAN for the Rose Trade. Must be well up in Budding and Varieties, and Staging. Will have charge of Outdoor and assist under Glass and General Nursery Work. — State age, wages, reference*, and experience to J. MAVO, Rose Grower and Florisr, bt. Mary's Road Nursery, Bullington Road, Oxford. ANTED, SEVERAL competent YOUNG MEN, in the Stoves, and one for Chrysanlhemums. — WILLIAM ICETON, Putney ParV Line, Rochamptou, S.W. WANTED, in one of the Midland Seed and Nurseiy Hou.e?, an INVOICE CLERK. Must b» quick and accurate at figures, and willing to make liunself useful.— State salary expected, which (to commence) must be moderate, to ALPHA, GardejLers' Chronicte Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, a young MAN, about 20, to take charge of the arrangement of Florist's Ship and Conservatory. Muit have good taste in Setting-up and well understand Plants. Ote accustomed to the Trade and a total abstainer preferred. Wages 225.— BOURNE and UNDER- WOOD, 52. High Street, Camden Town, N.W. ANTED, an APPRENTICE to the Seed Trade. — An old-established Firm, having a large connec- tion in the Midlands, have a Vacancy (or a well educated youth. — M. N. O.. Gardtners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, an efficient young LADY, to make Bouquets, &c., for Manchester. Comfurtable apirtments. — Apply by letter, and enclose photograph, to J. COPELAND, 299, Great Clowes Street, Higher Broughion, Manchester. WANT PLACES. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. — // is very important in Remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at DRURY LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may Jail from negotiating it. N.B. — T/ie best andsajest means oj Remitting is by POST-OFFICE ORDER. Journeymen and Foremen, Scotcb. JOHN DOWNIE, SEEDSMAN, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on his Books a number of ftrst-rate Young Men who wish to go to England.— Parti- culars on application. C O T C H GARDENERS. —John Downih, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin- burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging from ;Cso to ;Cioo per annum, and he will be pleased to supply full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust- worthy wid competent Gardener. ■piCHARD SMITH AND CO. 7! ^.*S *° announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeoers seeking situations, and -that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c.— St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. To Noblemen and OeuUemen requiring Land Agents STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. TAMES CARTER and CO. have at all tJ times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter.— Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn, W.C. TO LANDED PROPRIETORS, &c.— A. McIntvre (late of Victoria Park) is now at liberty to undertake Formation and Planting of New Girden and Park Grounds, and Remodelling existing Gardens. Plans prepared. 115, Listria Park, Stamford Hill. N. GARDENER (Head). — Middle-aged, no incumbrance ; thoroughly competent. Good character.— J. COLE. 4 Essex Road, Chadwell, Romford. Essex. ARDENER (Head).— Understands Early and Late Forcing of Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables. Fourteen years' character from late employer.— L. TANSON, Foxley, Hereford. GARDENER (Head) ; middle-aged, no family.— Sir T. E. Colebrooke, Bait.. M.K, wishes to recommend his late Head Gardener, who has served him for many years. Active and industrious.— JaMES MANDER- SON, 16. Dorly Road, Junction Road, Upper Holloway. N. GARDENER (HEAD).— Age 39, married^ thoroughly understands Early and Late torcingol Vines, Pines, Peaches, &c ; Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Stove atd Greenhouse Plants; thirteen years Head Gardener, seven years in last situation. Can be highly recommended —I W SEDGLEY. Ottery St. Mary, Devon. TTaRDENER (Head); age 31, married.- V_^ Mr. Ward, Gardener to Lord Wmdsor, Hewell Grange. Bromsgrove, can thoroughly recommend a hrst-clasi man as above to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the serrvices of a thoroughly experienced Gardener in all branches. Good references. /:i ARDENER (Head); age 34. _ Chas. V^ Ford, for ih; past nine years Head Gardener to T. B. Forwood, Esq., J. P.. seeks re-cngagement through death of employer. Weil up in all branches; good refeience; holds Honours Certificate in Princip:es of Agriculture.- C. FORD, Thornton Manor, Nesion, Cheshire. /.^ARDENER (Head), to any Lady, Noble- V-^ man, or Gentleman requirmg the services of a ihuroughly practical trustworthy man.— The Advertiser (Scotch), for the pait SIX years m the service of the late Ea. 1 of Wilion, is leaving through the displenishment of the gardens. First-class refer- ence to a titled lady ; eleven years' first-class testimonials from previous employer.— W. M. BAILLIE, Healon Park, Man- chester. r^ARDENER (Head Working). -Age 38 ; V-* thoroughly understands the profession in all its branchej. Nine years in present situation. Excellent character —G PRELCE, Hamell's Park. Ware, Herts. /^ARDENER (Head Working)^— Age 40, V-^ three children (youngest, five years old). Twenty years' experience. — WM. CLARKE, (late) P. Cazenove, Esti.. Ciapham Common, S.W. (:j.ARDEN£R (Head Working).— Age yj, V-^ married, no family ; thoroughly praciical in every branch Leaving through death. Excellent character.— GEORGE MORKISS, Elmwood, Bridgewater. (^ARDENER (Head WoRKiNG).-Age 34, y~^ married, one child (eight years) ; understands the pro- fession in all us branches. Wife as Cojk or Dairywoman.— F. S., r, Lynton Place, Goate Road. Enfield. f :jARDENER (Head Working), in a good V^ establishment.— Age 36 : thoroughly understands the management of large gardens. Disengaged April 25. First- class character.— HEAD GARDENER, Dunster Castle Gardens, Dunster, Somerset. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married, one child ; understands Vines, Stove and Greenhou'C Plants, FJower and Kitchen Gardening. Twenty-three years' ex- perience. Seven years" good character.— J. P., i [, Fruit Street Worth Village, Keighley. * ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married, no children ; abstainer. Thoroughly efficient and interested in all kinds of Garden Work. Has some know- ledge of Land and Stock. Testimonials and excellent character —GARDENER, Harnage House, Shrewsbury. (^ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, V_J married ; upwards of twenty years* sound practi(.al experience in some of the leading establishments of the country — HAROLD, Mr. Myatt, Hamber Lane, Preston, Wellmgton. Salop. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 39, married ; understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Tomatos. Peaches, Neciarines, Kitchen and Flower Gardening. Six years with late employer.— GAR- DENER. sr, Fleet Road. Hampstead. N.W. ARDENER (Head Working); single, Scotch.- E. M Browkll, Esq., highly recommends the Advertiser as a practical trustworthy man in all branches of the professson. Two years' highest reference.— J, CAMPBELL, Feltham, Middle.sex. C|ARDENER (Head Working).— Married, ^ no family ; thoroughly understands the Forcing of Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables ; also Flower and Kitchen Garden and Grounds. Wile as Cook or Dairywoman. Four years* good character from present situation, sixteen year," previous — PETER STODDART, Hall Street. Long Melford, Suffolk. r:t ARDENER (Head Working, or good V>* SiNGLB-HANDKo).— Age 27, Single ; twelve years' expe- rience in all branches of the profession. Four years' Head in last situation. Highest reference*.- C. BURNELL, Compton, Shet borne, Dorset. March 28, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 427 G GARDENER (HEAD WORKING, or good Single- handed). — Age 27, single ; thorough! v ex- perienced in all branches. First-class reference.— G. W., Mr. Whittle, Cutry Rivel, Somerset. GARDENER (Head, or Singi.e-h.^nded). — Age 2g, married ; good practical experience. Three ai.d five and a half years' good recommendations. — R. GODDARD, 14, Church Street, Lee. Kent. ARDENER (Head), or good FOREMAN. — Age 27 ; thirteen years' practical experience in the general routine of Gardening. First-class certificates from present and previous places —-C. BREEZE, The Gardens, Caversham Park, Reading. Berks. ARDENER, BAILIFF, and GENERAL ESTATE MANAGER, or otherwise (Working).— J. Elliott, for the last fifteen yeats holding the above siiualion with B. St. John Ackers, Esq.. ol Prmknash Park, including th« well known Herd 01 Shorthorn Cattle, begs to oflTer his services to any Lady or Gentlem jq in want of a thoroughly ex- pirienced man in each capacity. Leaving through the estate being sold.— J. ELLIOTT, Gasirills Faim, Upton St. Leonards, near Gloucester. GARDENER, in the Houses, or in a good Single-handed place, or where help is given. — Age 25, single : good experience in ihe Garden, and with Glass work. &c. — Mr. E. KING, Purbrook, near Cosham, Hants. To Noblemen and Gentlemen. GARDENER.— Married ; a thorough Work- man and Manager. Fourteen years in last situation, which is one of the largest Fruit and Plant Gromng Establish- ments, with extensive Flower Gardens and Pleasure Grounds, and a good collection of Orchids. Has grown largely for Covent Garden Market. Skilful in Laying-out and Renovating Pleasure Grounds. Could manage Land, Plantations, &c. Good references. — F. DAVEY, 33, Montague Hill, Kingsdown. Bristol GARDENER (PRACTiCAL)7age28.—rhave great satislaciion in recommending James Reeves as above, who has been Foreman here for the last two years. — For pirticulars address Mr. S. BURGESS, The Gardens, Leseness, Abbey Wood, Kent. GARDENER (good Single-handed, or otherwise) — Age ^o, married, three children. Nine years' character. Wife could assist in house or take small laundry.— L. M.. ija. East Street, Horsham. GARDENER (Single - handed), to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good practical and trust- worthy man.— Age 27 ; five years in last situation. Good cha- racter.—E. C. Shakespeare Cottages, Byron Road, Margate. ARDENER (Single-handed, or good -^ ^ Undbb).— Age 21, married when suited; abstainer. Six years' experience in good establishments. Good references. — F. W. F.,a4. King's College Road. South Hampstead, N.W, GARDENER (Under), to assist in Houses or Kitchen Garden. — Age 21 ; good character. — O, HARVEY. The Hall, Great Thurtow, Suffolk. GARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; six years' character from present employer.— A. CROWSLEY, 40. Castle Hill, Bedford. C;J.ARDENER(Under).— Age2o; thoroughly •* experienced. Inside and Out. Good character. Cause of leaving through death of master.— H. REMNANT, 4, Queen's Terrace, St. Hughes Road, Anerley, S.E. GARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; two and a half years' good character. Good knowledge of the various branches of Gardening. — H. P., 2, Boston Cottages, Fourth Cross Road. Twickenham, GARDENER (Under), to Assist Inside and OuL— Seven years' experience. Good character. Bothy preferred.— State full particulars to A. B., 2, West Street, Ewell, Epsom, Surrey. ARDENER (Under). ^Age 21 ; under- stands both Flower and Kitchen Garden, with a know- ledge of the Houses.— J. H. COLEMAN, Poulton Pnory, Fair- ford, Gloucestershire. ARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's establishment.- Age 21, single ; been with present employer ten years. Has been Indoors and Out, latter part in the Houses. Good character.— G. A. BULL, Houghton, Huntingdonshire. FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age 29, single ; twelve years' experience in all branches of Gardening. Can be highly recommended by present and previous employers. — W. SMITH, The Gardens, Highfield Hall, Leek, Staffordshire. "POREMAN ; age 25. — Mr. J. Bowler, J- Caldecote Gardens, Nuneaton, can twnfidently recom- mend his first Journeyman as Foreman in a first-rate establish- ment Ten years' practice in good places ; four years in present situation. FOREMAN, in a good establishment — Age 26 ; can be highly recommended from last and previous places. Good experience in all branches. 'Two and four years' food character. Total abstainer.— W. TUCK, z.Acton Cottages, .inkheld Place, Isleworth. W. IpOREMAN ; age 27.— Mr. Stagg, Gardener to p. Rawson, Esq., Woodhurst, Crawley, Sussex, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, who has laved with him six years, to any one requiring a thoroughly trustworthy, energetic man. Eleven years' experience. Tj^OREMAN, in the Houses.— Has had good J- experience in the Cultivation of Vines, Pines, Cucum- bers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. Eight years' character firom present and previous employers. — C B. Templeton Gardens, Roehampton, Surrey. ' Tf OREMAN in a Gentleman's establishment. L w ■'^^* *^' ^^S'e : understands Vines. Peaches. Cucum- bers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Pines, and the general routme of Gardening. SUteen years' experience. Good character from previous and last situations.— W. GREASLEY 14, Graham Street, Radford Boulevard, Nottingham. I^OREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 25 ; three years' character as Second. Ten years experience. Good references.—W. POTTLE, The Gardens, Hackwood Park, Basingstoke, Hants. FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 26 ; ten years' experience in good places. Four and a half years' good character from present situation. — G. WATSON, The Gardens, Tyringham, Newport Pagnell, Bucks. I^OREMAN, in a good establishment ; age 26. — W. Sutton, Gardener to J. S. Sassoon, Esq., Ashley Park. Walton-on-ThameS| wishes to recommend his Foreman, G. Harris, as a thorough good practical man. Twelve years' practical experience in good establishments, two years in present place. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN (Outdoor).— Twenty years' experience in the Propagation and Culture of Roses, Fruit Trees, Conifers, and other Stock. Unexceptional references as to character and ability. — FOREMAN, The Nursery, War- minster. Wilis. OREMAN, or GROWER, in a Market Nursery. — Fifteen years' experience ; five years with the firm of Messrs. Gregory & Evans, Sidcup, to whom reference can be given as to character and ability. — F. C, 15, Albert Terrace, Skyme Comer, Bromley Common, Kent. FOREMAN, or good SECOND, in a Gentle- man's establishment. — Age 23 ; nine years' experience in Fruit, Plants, and Gardening generally. Good references.— C. SNO^, Caversham Park, Reading. OREMAN, or good SECOND.— Age 25 ; eight years' experience in all branches. Thoroughly trustworthy and energetic. Good character. — FOREMAN, The Gardens, Shirburn Castle, Tetsworlh. Oxon. OREMAN, or SECOND.— Age 24 ; ten years' experience in Plants, Fiuits, Orchids, &c. Nearly ihree years' good character.— HEAD GARDENER, Dulwich Hill House. Denmark Hill, S.E. OREMAN, or SECOND, in a good estab- lishment— Age 27; eight years' experience, four years in Plant and Fruit Houses at Lockerby Hall. Can be well re- commended by present and previous employers for sobriety, &c. —WILLIAM BOWLING, Lockerby HaU, near Romsey, Hants. To Rose Growers. FOREMAN (Outdoor, or Second).— Age 29 ; German. Ten years' practical experience with first- class firm? in Germany. France, and England. Nearly four years Foreman in a large Rose growing establishment in Eng- land. Good references from all employers. — E. M., Myrtle Cottage, Epsom, Surrey. URSERY FOREMAN.— Age 27 ; well up in the Propagation and Growing of Plants, also Wreaths, Crosses, Bouquets, &c. Can be highly recommended from present and previous employers. Pleast stale wages.— G. H , 4. Vigo Crescent, Bedford Road, Northampton. To Florists, Nurserymen, &c. FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER (Indoor). — Age 30, married : fifteen years' practical experience with all kinds of Plants for Market, choice Cut Flowers, Cucumbers. Toraatos. Grapes, &c.—G. L., i. Rose Cottages, Banstead Road. Caterham, Surrey. ROPAGATOR (General Foreman).— Thoiough knowledge of the Propagation and Cultivation of Roses, Cyclamens, Bouvardias, &c. Accustomed to act as Salesman; also Wreaths, Bouquets, &c.— T. L., Gardeners* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To Florists and Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Twelve years' experience. Used to Cut Flowers. Good references. — W. C, II, Lewis Terrace, Chapel Road, Stamford Hill, London, N, JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in a good establishment. — Gool character from last situation. — F. W,, 51, Torrington Road, South Ashford, Kent. JOURNEYMAN (FIRST), in the Houses.— ^ Age 27 : good testimonials from previous and present situations. Bothy preferred.— J. LUNN, Dorington Manor, Lincoln. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in ^' a large establishment. — Age 22 ; seven years' experience. Highly recomended by present and previous employers. — W. WtLLS, Nostell Gardens, Wakefield. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses. — Well recommended.— F. H., Kendall Hall, Elstree, Herts. JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— f Age 20; good references. -W. PHILLIPS, The Grove, Amwell, near Ware, Herts. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good ^ establishment. — Age 21 ; thoroughly experienced. Can be well recommended.— W. H., Higher Lytchelt, Poole, Dorset. JOURNEYMAN, in a Nursery or good ^ garden.— Age i8 ; two years* experience.— C. R., Elm Cottage, Arundel, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Ten yearl' experience In and Outdoors. Six years' good character from present situation.— R. C, The Gardens, Shean House, Mortlake, Surrey, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good t/ establishment. —Age 20; six years' experience m the Genera] Routine of Gardenmg. Good character. — W JEFFRIES, Caversham Park. Reading. JOURNEYMAN an^ IMPROVER under t/ Glass and in Garden.— Age 20 ; three years in present place. Highly recommended by his clergyman.— HARRY ANDREWS, Westmill Rectory. Buntingford. OWMAN and GARDENER. — Middle- aged, married, no family. Wife can undertake Dairy and Poultry. Good character.— G. LEAMAN, Richardson^ Cottafcs, BandoQ Hill, Croydon, Surrey. IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden or Nursery. — Age 18: two years' good character.— G. C, 8t. Abbey Foregate, Shrewsbury. IMPROVER, in the Houses, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden. — Age 19 ; bothy. Can be well recommended.— A. H., Percy Cottage, Calne, Wiltshire. To Head Gardeners and Others IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden, where a thorough system of Gardening is carried out. — Age 18 : two and a half years under glass. Good refer- ences.—FLORIST, 5. Finsbury Road, Kamsgate, Kent. '■JIO NURSERYMEN, &c. — A youth (in J- eighteenth year) desires an engagement in a good Nursery, or under a Forester — In or Outdoor. Premium or Douceur if required. Wages expeced. — S. S., Page's, io3, Fleet Street. E C rpo MARKET NURSERYMEN.— A young -1- man (age 34), desires a situation in a Market Nur-ery. Has been in a large nursery. Wages 2^- per week. — J, RIEL, I ■, Park Lane, Tottenham. Londoj. '■PO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted in -L the Houses, under the Foreman, in a good Nursery. Ten years* experience in ihe trade. Can be well recommended. Age 24.— J. SAUNDERS, Jun., Apethorpe. near Wansford. ^rO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted, in -L a Nursery, where Cut Flowers and Plants are grown extensively for Market. Three and a half years' gcol character. Please state wages.— R. BRADSHAW, Tansor, near Oundle, Northamptonshire. TO NURSERYMEN and MARKET GARDENERS.— Situation wanted in a Nursery or Market Garden — any work with opportunity of improving pre- ferred. Age 23, single ; good character. Three years' experi- ence in private gardens outdoors. — H. MOSS, Charlton, New- bottle Banbury. TO HEAD GARDENERS. — J. CoOK, Gardener to J. Floyer, Esq . M.P., StaflFord, Dorchester, wishes to recommend a strong and willing Boy, age 16. Has been in the gardens here fifteen months. To the Seed Trade. MANAGER or FOREMAN, in the Trial Ground Department. — Wanted, by a respectable young man {thoroughly acquainted with the Seed Trade) a situation as above. Understands Stocks and Dressing of Seeds. Highest references given. — X., Gardeners' Chronicle ORice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. MANAGER, in a Seed and Florist Shop. — Age 37 ; willing to Assist with Books. &c. Good knowledge of Nursery Stuff, &c. First-class testimonials. — JOHN WATKINS. Byford. Hereford. FLOWER SALESMAN, or any place of Trust — Has had good experieace. — Apply, stating wages, &c., to W.'T., Rouse & Son, Florists. Twickenham, Middlesex. '■pO SEEDSMEN.— A young man (age 26) ■^ desires a situation in the Seed Business. Good knowledge of Vegetable, Flower, and Farm Seeds, HorlicuUural Sundries, Book-keeping. Could Manage a Branch. — R. h. , Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TO FLORISTS, &c.— Situation wanted by a young Lady ; thoroughly expeirenced, and able to take Management. Undeniable references. — T., 10, Saunder's Terrace, Kensal Green, W. PAINTER and GLAZIER, in a Nursery or Nobleman's Garden. — Married ; practical; understands Hot-water Work. Can fill up time in Houses, having had practical experience in the profession. — STEADWALL, Worthen, Shrewsbury. " .. ' ~*i GRATEFUL— COMFORTING. EP PS' S COCOA. BREAKFAST. " By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful appli- cation of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps has provided our breakfast tables with a delicately flavoured beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point. We may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame." Civil Setvice Gazette. Made simply with boiling water or milk. Sold onlyio Packets. Ubelled thus : — JAMES EPPS & CO., Homoeopathic ChemlBts, London- Further proof (this week) that Consumption and Asthma are always relieved by DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS. Mr. Pkarce, M.P.S., 217, Athol Street, Liverpool, ■writes:— Pi. lady stated to me that Dr. Locock's Pulmonic Wafers were the only thing that gave ease to her daughter, suffering from Consumption. This is only one case of many I could men- tion." Dr. Locock's Wafers instantly relieve and rapidly cure Asthma, Consumption, Brochitis, Coughs, Coldf, Shortness of Breath, Phlegm. Pains in the Chest, Rheumatism, and taste pleasantly. Sold at is. il4d., 2/. ^d.^ 41. 6d., and ii.r. per box by all Druggists. OLLOWAY'S PILLS.— These admirable Pills caimot be too highly appreciated for the wholesome power they exert over all disorders of the stomach, liver, bowels, and kidneys. They instantaneously remove impurities and steadily work out a thorough cure, and in its course dispel headache, biliousness, flatulence, and depression of spirits. _ It is wonderful to watch the daily improvement of the complexion as Holloway's Pills purify the blood and restore plumpness to the face which had lost both flesh and colour. These PUls combine every excellence desirable in a domestic remedy. The most certain and beneficial results flow from the occasional use of this medicine ; even persons in health, or when foUawUE sedentary occupations, will find it an invaluable aperient. 428 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Maech 28, 1885. EXTRACTS. From the " Daily Telegraph " of March 20, 1885. Folkestone Winter Garden. — The South-Eastern Railway Company's Hotel at Folkestone has been greatly improved by the construction of a well-appointed winter garden, which will be open (or the use of visitors on the 1st of next month. With a frontage of 168 feet, a width of 51 feet, and constructed on the " ridge and furrow " principle, the building cojisists of seven spans, the centre one being surmounted by an octagonal lantern rising to a height of 43 feet. Along the ridge of each roof an iron cresting is placed, finished at the ends with an ornamental finial. The front and one end consist of moulded pilasters with orna- mental transon and cornice, the former being relieved at each pilaster, while shaped consoles are placed on the mullions between the cornice and the transon. The bottom portion is filled with sashes sliding on brass rollers, and the top with fan-lights. There are three entrances, each with a vestibule. One of these is directly connected with the hotel by a glass corridor, thus enabling visitors to enter the winter garden without exposure to the weather. A bed for plants, with moulded edging, runs all round the building, and the heating apparatus is so regu- lated and arranged that an even temperature can be always maintained. From the "Standard" of March 19, 1885. Winter Garden at Folkestone. — A spacious " Winter Garden " has just been erected for the South-Eastern Railway Company at their Royal Pavilion Hotel, Folkestone. The building, which is now completed, has a frontage of about i68 feet, and a width of 51 feet. It has three entrances, each of which has a vestibule, one being con- nected to the hotel by a glass corridor, enabling visitors to enter the Winter Garden from the Hotel without exposure to the weather. A bed for plants, with moulded edging, runs all round the building. In front of the bed and through the centre of the building are hot-water pipes, laid in four brick chambers, covered with ornamental gratings. In each of these chambers there are six 4-inch pipes, running the whole length of the building and across the two ends, the apparatus being so arranged that the heat can be regulated at pleasure, thus enabling an even temperature to be maintained in any weather. The Garden will be open for the use of residents in the Hotel on Wednesday, the ist of April. From the " Daily Chronicle " of March 20, 1885. A Winter Garden at Folkestone.— A spacious Winter Garden has just been erected for the South-Eastern Railway Company at their Royal Pavilion Hotel, Folkestone. The building, which is now completed, is a spacious one, having a frontage of about :68 feet and a width of 51 feet. It is built on the " ridge- and-furrow" principle, and consists of seven spans, two of 16 feet each, four of 22 feet each, and a centre span of 31 feet, surmounted by an octagonal lantern, running to a height of 43 feet. All the roofs are hipped back at each end, and an iron cresting runs along the ridges, finished at the ends with an ornamental finial. The whole of the work has been carried out by Messrs. Weeks & Co , Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, of Chelsea, about no tons of prepared wood, glass, and ironwork having been sent from their works for its con- struction. The gardens will be open for the use of residents in the hotel on Wednesday, April I. This Winter Garden was designed and has been erected by J. WEEKS & CO., Horticultural Engineers, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W., and will be opened on April 1, 1885. THK FRUIT OF THE FUTURE. NEW MAGNIFICENT BLACKBERRY, "THE WILSON JUNR." In spite of the fact that Blackberries will grow " anywhere " in reason, and evervbody likts them, ii is yet a puzihng reality that it is only with great difficuliy and at a high figure that we can purchase them in our markeis. Surely, then, it must be apparent to all farseeing " fruitgrowers " that instead of glutting the markets with Gooseberries, Currants, &c.. ihey have here a fruit which, if planted upon any given area of land, will prove far more profitable than any other hardy Iruit that could be grown. AiiU why? Simpiy because for half-a-dozen years ahead, at least, the stock throughout the country will not have time to become so great as to exceed the demand. Landowners, Stewards, and Gardeners, who have each year to show a balance-bheet " of profits," have here a very simple, safe method of for s me years obtaining highly profitable results. Planted 3 feet by 8 feet requires at the rate of 1815 plants to an acre. GaTdeneri also who grow for house consumption will find this fruit a valuable assistant. It will stand any treatment, and do well where other Iruits would fail. Whilst, however, we have the matter under consideration, do not let us fall into the mistake of planting OJiy variety so long as it it a " Blackberry. " Why not, lor the sake of a slightly additional first expense, obtain the very " cream " of the family ; or in other words, procure stocks of the hardiest, largest, most delicious, and most productive? By pursuing this procedure the result repays the grower tenfold for the sliuhtly additional first expense incurred. It was this reasoning that caused us to give the subject our most care- ful study ; the result of which is, we offer a variety, the grandest of the group, producing enormous berries, measuring on an average •i% inches around, lenethwise. and the same dimensions crosswise. (This will give an idea of the profit 10 be derived from itk culture as a market com- mridity ) The berries are also glossv black, very early, of exquisite rtivour. and fnntmniisiy productive— the heavy load 6f fniit often bending ihe canes to the very ground. We can offer plants of this grand variety at la. 3d. each, 12s. per dozen, 85s. per 100, carriage paid. We can offer other v.irietics as follows :—" LAWTON," " KITTA- TINNY," "PARSLEY-LEAVED (Rubus fruiicosus laciniatus), WIL'^ON'S EARLY," at 9/. eauh. 8j. td. per doziii, 63J. per 100. SS" A'ter this date (March 12) we advice our numerous Patrons fur the " Wilson Junior Blackberry " to give us the option of Autumn Delivery. We have, however, every reason to believe that there u a Certainty of delivery in time thi$ spring. VICCARS~COLLYER & CO., NURSERVMEN. SEEDSMEN, &-c., CENTRAL HALL, LEICESTER (where all Lelters are to be addressed), and CENTRAL NURSERIES, GLENFIELD, near LEICESTER. A. W. CBEWS, Manager. Editorial Communications should ht addressed to "The Editor :" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Oftce. 41. Wellin([ton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Pnnted by William Richards, at the Office ol Messrs. Pradbuey, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precma of Whitefriars, City ol London, m the County of Middletei, and Published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 4>, Wellineton Street. Pariih of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Satujdav. March "i.Ms- Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mbnzihs & Co., Edmburgh and Glugow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Cstablisljeti 1841. No. 588.— Vol. XXIII.{s^Rirs.} SATURDAY, APRIL 4, 1885. {Registered at the General ? Price 5d, Post-office as a Newspaper. JposT-FREE, jjif. CONTENTS. Peach trees under glass . 440 I Peas Pears from the Cape 446 ; Philippine Islands, the .. 444 , Plants and their cul- 445 I ture ! Potato, the culture of .. 448 Prizes of the Royal Hor- 448 ticukural Society 440 , Pruning Orchids .. 446 Rosery, the 452 Shoreham Place, Seven- 443 ^ oaks 443 Societies : — 439 Bath Early Spring 444 Show 446 Crystal Palace Spring 438 Show .. . . 450 443 Glasgow and West o( 439 ; Scotland Horiicul- 45* tural 451 448 Liverpool Horticultural 450 Massachusetts Horli- 448 cultural Royal Caledonian Hor- 444 ticultural . , 450 Sprekelia glauca . . 449 443 Tea Roses at Harefieid Grove 446 442 Vinery, the .. .. 443 Weather, the .. .. 453 nes .. .. 442 Winchester ,. .. 437 ILLUSTRATIONS. Chrvsanthemum I^ Nymphe 441 Eucharis Mite, the 440 Homes of Early American Botanists .. .. .. .. 449 Impatiens Hjokeriaoa .. .. .. 415 Chr>'S3nthemum La Nymphe Cinerarias at Woodside, Farbham Royal Daffodil Committee Doubting of Daffodils . . Earliest American Bo- tanic Gardens, the Eucharis disease . . „ mite, the Euonymvis japonicus Florists* flowers . . Flower garden, the Forestry ,. .. .. Oarden Palms Rjarlem Bulb Show ImpacicDS Hookeriaaa .. Iris Vartani Kitchen garden, the Lycopodiaceac Manures ,. Melon canker Methods of Starting Japan Lilies Orchid Conference, pro- granune . . Orchids at Kingsbury House, Shortlands „ at Lake House, Cheltenham „ at the York Nurse- 440 449 444 447 443 439 444 449 447 446 451 45a T Nov Ready. In clotb, 16s. 'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Volume XXII., JULY to DECEMBER, 1884. W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. q^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, ■I IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $6.35 for Twelve Monlhs. Agent for America :— C. H. MAROT, 8(4. Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent. OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S SHOW of VEGETABLES and POTATO CON- FERENCE, October 27 and 28. SPECIAL PRIZES ffftr,d bji Mr. C. FIDLER, Friar St*eet^ Re AND G. NEAL beg to offer the above -^^» by the hundred or thousand (own growth, and trans- planted last spring). Samples with Price on application. Also beg to call theattention of Nurserymen. Builders, and others to theu- exctjiiionally line stock ol FRUIT, FOREST, and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. ^ • '" The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, S. W. ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS, CUCUMBERS. TOMATOS, FRENCH BEANS, Gros Colmar and Alicante GRAPES. C QU E LC H AND B A R N H A M, k— ' LongMaxket, Covent Garden. London, W.C. REQUIRE a quantity of fine Muscats, for which they can offer good prices. also hne Black Grapes. Tomatos, Cucumbers, choice Flowers, &c. Q QU E LCH 7^ B A R N H A M, *~J givuig personal attention to all consignmenU, they are thus enabled to obam the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. QU E LC H 1^ B A R N H A M. ACCOUNT SALES sent daily, and CHEQUES forwarded weekly BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES BASKETS and LABELS supplied. WANTED, a FORDHAM'S SALTING » T MACHINE (or other Boiler on wheels, with Dis- tributor), for Pouring Hot Brme on Garden Walks to Destroy Weeds. Apply with description and price to Mr. T. B. WINTER, Broomfield, Caterham, Surrey. LAING'S BEGONIA SEED.— GOLD MEDAL STRAIN, from our Prize Plants. Sealed packets CHOICE MIXED, from single varieties, is. and aj. 6(/. per packet ; 5^. extra large packets. We refiret to say we ate sold out of Seed of Double varieties. COLLECTIONS, 12 named varieties, separate, js. td. ; ditto, 6 named varieties, separate, ^s. LAING AND CO., Seedsmen. Forest Hill, S. E. (CREEPERS for Walls, Trellises, &c., in V^* great variety. By planting what is suitable, an unsightly object may easily be made beautiful. Descriptive LIST and advice on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymeti and Seed Merchants, Worcester. HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.— Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write for R. H.VERTEGANS' Pocket CATALOGUE, and make your choice from his ururivalled Collection, Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. EATHS a SPECIALTY. — The finest Collection of HEATHS, AZALEAS, and HARD- WOODED STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS genet- ally in the country. An inspection solicited. T. JACKSON and SON, Nurseries, KinEston-on-Thimes ARNATIONS, PICUTEES, CLOVES, PINKS, PANSIES, in the very best varieties, sirong, vigorous plants. Special Trade Quotations, SAMUEL HARTLEY, Headingley Nursery. Leeds. ARNATIONS.— Strong Seedlings, from a splendid Collection of Choice Named Floweis. All to bloom this year. Per dozen, 2r. 6rf. ; per 100, rsr. DANIELS BROS., Town Close Nurseries. Norwich. JERSEY CHRYSANTHEMUMS.- All the O best. New and Old LIST free, from H. ELLIOTT, Springfield Nursery, St. Heliet's, Jersey. Established 1834. Hyaclnthus candlcans. BUDDENBORG BROS., Bulb Growers, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 50J. per 1000. PRING CLEARANCE SALE, to avoid planting. LILIUM AURATUM, SINGLE DAHLIAS, IRIS, GLADIOLI, BEGONIAS, and many other Bulbs, with some choice Seeds, at greatly reduced rates. Send for our Special Clearance LiST, No. 73. NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Lion Walk, Colchester. WELVE CAMELLIAS or AZALEA INDICA, full of buds, 21J. , large perfect plants of either, in sJ^-inch pots, all different named sorts ; or 1 dozen of each sent carriage paid on receipt of 42J. E. VANDER MEERSCri, Queen's Nursery, Selhurst, S.E. CABBAGE PLANTS !— CABBAGE PLANTS ! — Fine autumn sown plants. Early Battersea, Enfield Market, Rainham, and Nonpareil, 3^. per 1000; Red Drumhead (true), 55. per 1000. Sprouting and Spring BROCCOLI of sorts, BRUSSELS SPROUTS and SAVOYS, 3.S. 6(/. per looc. 1 he above are healthy and well-rooted. Delivered fr;e on rail. Cash or reference must accompany all orders from unknown correspondents. W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, Guildford, Surrey. IVE THOUSAND PELARGONIUMS. Must be sold. Clean, large bushy stuff, to flower early. Established ,in 48-pots, including all the best named varieties, as Dr. Masters, Duchess of Bedford. Bridal Bouquet. Kingston Beauty, &c., 7J. (>d. per dozen for cash. Also ditto in 6o's, ready for 48-pots, at 4J. per dozen for cash. Address, MANAGER, The Hill Nurseries, Sandiacre. Notts XpiGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS in J— J Pots, of all the fine;.! double and single varieties (some of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb- ing and beddine, from i2(. to 24J, per dozen, strong plants Descriptive LIST on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. VINES. — VINES. — VINES strong FRUITING CANES, is, (,d. each. STRONG PLANTING CANES, 31. each. All the btst varieties in cultivation. CALDWELL and SONS, The Nurseries, Knutsford, Chester Seed Fotatos. HAND F. SHARPE have still in stock all • the leading kinds of SEED POTATOS, and are now offering them at reduced prices to clear out. Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech. "VTEW RUNNER BEAN.— GIRTFORD -L^ GIANT (Laxton).— The finest and most prolific Scarlet Runner. Special First-class Certificate at Shrewsbury, 1884, 2r. dif.per half pint. T. LAXTON. Seed Grower. Bedford. Gardenias.— Gardenias. JOHN STANDISH and CO. have to offer a splendid lot of GARDENIA PLANTS clean, bushy, and well set, at the undermentioned prires for Cash with order : — In 5-inch pots, i8f. per dozen : in 6.inch pots, 37J. per dozen ; in 8-inch pots, 401. per dozen. Royal Nutseries, Ascot. 430 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 4, 1885. SALES BY AUCTION. Wednesday Next.— Sale No. 6888.) HARDY PLANTS and BULBS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. \%. King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, April 8. at half-p.v;t 12 o'clock precisely, 1200 first-class Dwarf, Climbing, and Pot ROSES, including all the leading varieties; RHO- DODENDRONS to name: VINES, CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, PINKS, and other BORDER PLANTS; FICUS ELASTICA and LAURUSTINUS from Ghent ; LILIUMS, GLADIOLI, and other HARDY BULBS and ROOTS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 6880.) VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS. MR. T- C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King St.eet, Covent Garden, W.C . by order of Messrs. Shuttleworth. Carder & Co., on THURSDAY NEXT, April 0. at half-past ta o'clock precisely, a splendid importation of ONCIDIUM TIGRINUM, in grand masses and splendid bulbs: ODONTOGLOSSUM INSLEAYI LEOPARDINUM. extra grand masses and fine bulbs: White L.liLtA ANCEPS, and ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (Alexandra;), of the very best type, and fine masses: ONCIDIUM KRAMERIANUM, &c., all in the best possible condition. On view mcrning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thvirsday Next.— {Sale No. 6880V IMPORTED ORCHIDS from MEXICO. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, by order of Mr. G. Marriott, on THURSDAY NEXT, April 9. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a splendid importation of MEXICAN ORCHIDS, including 50 plants of the white-lipped variety of Odontoglossum bictoniense, Mormodes pardinum, finest variety of Odontoglosium Rossi majns, Cattleya citrina, Epidendrum vitellinum majus, Lvcaste Lawrenceanum, Laelia anceps, L. albida, &c., all in splendid health. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tliursday Next.— (Sale No. 688g.) 6ooo LILTUM AURATUM from Japan in grand condition. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent (Jarden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, April 9 On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had^ Flo'weriiiB Orclilds. MR. I. C. STEVENS begs to announce that his NEXT SALE of FLOWERING ORCHIDS will lake place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, April 15. at half-past 12 o'C;lock pre- cisely. Gentlemen desirous of entering Plants for this SALE will please send particulars not later than THURSDAY NEXT. Caversham Park. Reading. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from the Executors of the late Mrs. Crawshay, to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above, EARLY IN MAY, without reserve, the collection ol STOVE and GREEN- HOUSE PLANTS, consisting of Crotons, Draczoas, Marantas, Palms. Alocasias. Camellias and Azaleas, Ferns, &c. ; also 12,000 BEDDING PLANTS, of all the best varieties ; a small collection of ORCHIDS, including seveial nice plants of Dendrobium nobile, Cypripediiim insigne, C. venustum, C. barbatum, Cattleyas of sorts, Anthurium Scherzerianum, and other species ; a quantity of IMPLEMENTS, comprising 3 Rollers, Water-barrows, Cans, Tanks, Mowing Machines, Farm and Spring Carts, together with a Cart-horse, Cob, &c. Date of Sale will shortly be announced. Important Sale of a Choice Collection of Carnations, PICOTEES and PINKS of fine growth, 500 St.andard and other ROSES, selected FRUIT TREES, HARDY CONIFER/E, SHRUBS and AMERICAN PLANTS. GREENHOUSE PLANTS in variety, old dark CLOVES, white laced PINKS, Double P.1iONIES, CHOICE SEEDS, DAHLIAS, LILIUMS, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.G., on THURSDAY, April 9, at 12 o'clock precisely. On view the morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G. Tuesday, April 14. ODONTOGLOSSUM ROSSI MAJUS, The finest strain Europe. ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM. The beautiful dark, spring-flowering type, well leaved. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Chcipside. E.G., on TUESDAY, April 14, by order of Messrs. Fred. Horsman & Co., the above, representing the finest type of each species. Also other CWDICE ORCHIDS. Ewell, Surrey. By order of the Trustees of the late George Torr, Esq. IMPORTANT SALE of the celebrated Garbrand Hall COLLECTION of EXHIBITION STOVE and GREEN- HOUSE PLANTS, which have been exhibited at the leading Shows with such unprecedented success by Mr. f. Child. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Garbrand Hall, Ewell, Surrey, on WED- NESDAY, April 22. at rr for 12 o'clock precisely, the whole of the VALUABLE COLLECTION of EXHIBITION STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including a large number of thriving young specimen Azalea indica, in grand order for successful exhibition ; also fine examples of white Lapagerias. Stephanotis, Dracophyllum and other New Holland Plants ; Tree, Filmy and other Ferns : the best Collection known of specimen "ruberous-rooted Begonias, a large assort- ment of Redding Plants, likewise a few unusually fine specimen ORCHIDS, amongst which may be specially mentioned Cypripedium Stonei (the charming Garbrand Hall variety, believed to be the only plant extant), 4 feet across. Acrides Fieldingi floribunda and A, Lobbi, both well- known plants. ,. Also Two One-horse Exhibition VANS, complete. May be viewed the day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, of Mr. CHILD : and at the Auction and Estate Offices, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G. Two Oncidium ampliatum majus. fine variety, each 3J4 feet through. Dendrobium Farmeri (true) splendid variety, upwards of forty bulbs. Vanda suavis Veitchii, some grand pieces. Friday Next.— Mexican Orchids. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr, F. Sander to S E LL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, April 10. at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, a very grand lot of MEXICAN ORCHIDS, con- sisting of the beautiful dark-flowered form of Laslia autumnalis atro-rubens, a fine lot of La;lia anceps. dark variety ; a superb Barkeria, OdontoElossum nebulosum, Cattleya ciirina. Epiden- drum nemorale, Barkeria Barkeriola, Lselia albida, Mormodes luxatum, Oncidium tigrioum— the whole in superb order ; also the beautiful Oncidium nigratura and Zygopetalum Burkei, many Cattleyas, and other Orchids, On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. TO BE DISPOSED OF, a WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEED BUSINESS. A splendid going concern. One of the finest in existence, doing a large and profitable trade. An unusual opportunity. Apply (by letter only) to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London. E.G. Market Gardeners or Retired Farmers. TO LET, or to be SOLD, compact and small ESTATE, at Bracebndge, about a mile from Lincoln, consisting of House, Garden, Barn. Cowsheds, Stable, &c., and 10 Acres of fertile Land. SMYTH BROTHERS, New Exchange Chambers, Lincoln. To" 1. E T7"from IWarch 25 next, THE NURSERIES, Mill Hill, near Hendon, Middlesex, late in the occupation of Mr. James Wright. There is a fair amount of Stock. S:c., which would be offered on easy terms to a respectable Tenant. There is a cottage and about 5 Acres of Land. Application for terms, &c., to be made to C. DRUMMOND, Estate Agent, Hertford, Herts. THE GATESHEAD PARK COMMITTEE invite TENDERS for the ERECTION of a CON- SERVATORY and PROPAGATING HOUSE in Sahwell Park. Persons tendering are expected to furnish their own Designs, which must include the means of Heating and all other details. The Conservatory will front the West, on a nearly level frontage, and to the South on a slight inclination. A Plan showing the proposed site, with particulars as to level and inclination of ground, will be furnished on application to the TOWN SURVEYOR. Town Hall, Gateshead. Tenders must be sent to the Town Clerk not later than APRIL 24. The Town Council do not bind themselves to accept the lowest or anyTender, nor will they pay any expenses which any person tendering may incur in the preparation of his Design.-By order, j ^ SWINBURNE, Town Clerk. Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full particulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C. To Landed Proprietors, &c. AMcINTYRE (late of Victoria Park) is • now at liberty to undertake the FORMATION and PLANTING of NEW GARDEN and PARK GROUNDS and REMODELLING existing GARDENS. Plans prep.^red. IIS. Listria Park, Stamford Hill. N. OHN KENNARD'S Horticultural Sundries, Peat, Loam, Sand, and Berkshire Pottery Depot. Catalogue post-free of every Horticultural Requisite. Swan Place. Old Kent Road. S.E. Established 1854. HARPHAM, Practical Rock Builder • and General Horticultural Decorator (for many years leading hand with Dick Radclyffe d. per dozen, 155. per 100. RHODODENDRONS, choice named varieties, i to 1J2 foot. 17^. per dozen, laor. ner TOO ; do., \% to 2 feet, 245. per dozen. 160.'. per ico ; PONTI- CUM and HVBKIDS, \\i to 2 feet, 401 per 100 ; i to 1 J4 foot. 25 J. per 100 ; g to 12 inches, 15'., and 6 109 in.hes, 131. ptr too ; 2-yr. Seedling', 4^, td. per 1000, .^16 lOJ. per 100, coo ; 3 yr, do , ts. 6d. per 1000, ^25 10s. per 100,000. IVV, maculata latifolia, i-yr. cuts, 45, per 100, 35^. per icoo ; Silver Queen, in pots, 71. per dozen. SAMUEL AND JAMES SMITH, Tansley Nurserle:, nea Matlock. EW EARLY POTATO. — WHITE BEAUTY of HEBRON.— A white-skinned selection from Beauty of Hebron, the finest of all the American sorts. Very early, and a great producer: quality excellent. Largtly grown for market. 2 lb., 2s. ; 6 lb., 41., by Parcel Poit ; 14 lb., 6s. 6d. ; £1 per bushel. T. LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford VERBENAS.— Purple, Scarlet, White, and other best varieties, strong, well rooted cuttings, 6s. rer 100, 5or. per 1000. FUCHSIAS, 12 best varieties, is, 6/, ZONAL PELARGONIUMS, 12 best exhibition varieties, strong plants. 31. All post-free for cash with order. KIRK ALLEN, The Nursery, Fen Drayton, near St. Ives, Hunts. T' iORN QUICKS, good, 2 to 2* feet, 151. per 1000. HOLLV .8s per ICO. laTj rels, good 2 to 3 feel , £5 per ICOO. W. JACKSON. Blake down, Kidde r minster. H. CANNELL & SONS, mfe+tomi^^'V'-owsK, GERANIUMS of sorts for Bedding, e.xtra fine plants, from single pots, from Ss. per 103. Gera- niums for pots, the cream of several well-known collectionf, from single pots, extra fine, priced LIST free. CALCEO- LARIA Golden Gem, extra fine, au umn sirnck, 6s. per ico. Trade LIST on application. Cash, package free. B. R. DAVIS, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil. All AcTQ of COMMON PRIMROSES on Sale, at 2i.f. per ICOO : 2S. 6J. per loo ; eood flowering Roots. Cash with orders -EDWIN HILLIER, Winchester. SPARAGUS and SEAKALE for Forcing and Planting. Price on application. JAMES DICKSON and SONS, Newton Nurseries, Chester. E W' ROSE S "of 1885. The whole of those raised in England, including: — Mrs. CAROLINE SWAlLES (H.P.}, ELLA GORDON (H. P.), BEDFORD BELLE (Hybrid Tta) ; And all the best of those raised abroad, including: — GLOIRE LYONNAISE ( he yellow H P.), ETENDARD DE LYON (H. P.). SOUVENIR DE MAU. GAURIEL DREVET(Tea) ; can now be supplied in very fine pbnts, fit for immediate working or for summer budding. CATALOGUES, giving rai-ers' desctiptions of each variety, post-free on application to KEYNES, WILLIAMS AND CO., Salisbury. To the Trade. SPANISH BROOM, strong 2-yr., £i per 100. CURRANTS Red GRAPE and Mixed, strong 2-yr. and 3-yr., los. perioo. ASPARAGUS, Eitly Purple Argen- teuil, a fine stock : retail, 7s. 6d. per too. Trade liberal termf* T. LAXTON, Seed Grower, Be-ford. HolIyhoclEa.-Hoilyhock3. CATALOGUE containing a splendid collec- tion of finest named Hollyhocks, all fully described and priced, also probably the largest, mo^t select, and best collec- tions of all other Florists* Flowers, Perennials, &c., ever brought together, is now ready, and will be posted on application. It consists of eighty pages of closely printed matter, and forms a very handy reference book on flowers, which should be in the hands of all who cullivate a Garden or Greenhouse. JOHN FORBES, Nurseryman, Hawick, N. B. Nev and Choice ChryBanthemums. ROWEN begs to call attention to his • choice collection, which compi ises only the best new and old varieties. Strong rooted cuttings, twelve varieties for 1885, 7J. 6rf. : ditto for 1884. ^s.6d; best old varieties, af. 6(/, per dozen — cuttings. 6d. per dozen Icis, post-free for cash. CATALOGUE one stamp. Mr. BOWERMAN, Hackwood Park Gardena. says:— "They are the best cuttings I ever had sent me." The Floral Nursery, Maidenhead. CARLET RUNNERS, quantityof, for Sale. good samples, for cash, at 12s. per bushel* carriage paid to London. Sacks found at is. each. EDWARD WARNER, Seed Grower, Xelvcdon, Essex. April 4, 18S5.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 431 „ ,, I looi 4 incnes, xs.'&a. each. lor. tor lo, X4 41. per 100. " . grafted m spring 18S4, 10*/. each, s J. for 10. L^ aj. per 100. A Af. C.JONGKINDT CONINCK. Totteoham Nui series, Dedemsvaart. near Zwolle. NMhcrl^nHc s _ Novelty. i^UPRESSUS LAWSONIANA ^-^ ROBUSTA. For description see my CATALOGUE, spring 18S5. Plants of 3 feet 4 inches. 6r. each, £\ lar. for 10. ., ., 3 feet, 5j. each. £,\ 51. for 10 .,1 fool S inches, is. 6Y. each, \i,s. for 10, £(-, per ico. , i^foot 4 inches, u. 81/. each. lor. for 10, X-f 41. per 100 "t, r- '-- «.. 1.1. v.. _/'_»iioi\.it\u 1 t-uiNiivCK Dedemsvaart. near ZwoIIe. Netherlands U R P L U S STOCK. Special offer of Nursery Stock : — FIR, Scotch. 3 to 5 feet, 2-yr., a-yr, ,i Spruce, a-yr., 3-yr. LARCH, 3-yr., 2-yr., strong stuff. BIRCH, 3 to 3 feet. ACDER, iK to a feet. ASH, Mountain, 4 lo 6 (eel. LABURNUM. 4 to j feel. WTCH ELM, 5 to 6 feet. SyCAMORE, 4 to 6 feet. Prices on application. _ JOS. TREMBLE AND SON, Nurserymen, Penrith. T ILIUM AURATUM— SpeciaTofferT-^J^ -i— ^ IS the best lime 10 plant. Splendid firm sound bulbs, ust arrived, 6 to 8 and 8 to 10 inches in circumference, a&r. and 3Sr. per 100, i,s. and 6jl per dozen. The cheapest for quality ever offered. Samples 12 stamps. SEED POTATOS.-For Special Prices see former dveitisements. MORLE AND CO., I and g. and 162. Fenchurch Street, E.G. DOG ROSE, i-yr., fine, 6j-. per 1000. MANETTI STOCKS, aor. per 1000. IVY, Irish strong, 60!. per 1003. HONEYSUCKLE, sempervirens' yellow, lis. per 100. LAURELS. Common, a-yr., line, aat. p;r 1000. SEA BUCKTHORN, 2 feet, aor. per ico. HYPE- RICUM CALYCINUM, , foot, .oj. pir roo. ABIES DOUGLASH, 114 to 2 teet, 251. per 100; 2 to 2j4 feet, 335. per I03 ; 3 to 4 leet, for. per 100; by the thousand, finely rooted. ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA, iS 10 20 inches 24/ per dozen. CRVPTOMERI A ELEGANS, 2 to M feet, 60s. per ico; CUPRI ^SUS LAWSONII, i\t. to 3 feet, 60/ per 10? :C. GRACILIS, distinct, rj^ foot, i2r. per dozen ; C. STRICTA. a to ^l'. feet, the finest upright, tis. per dozen ; C. FUNEBRIS. scarce, \% foot, rsr. per dozen. PICEA NORDMANNI.\NA, i foot, fine, 501. per 100 PINUS KXCELSA, 2 (eet. 8r. per dozen ; P. INSIGNIS, i foot, 3cj per 100 ; 6 to S Mches. i6r. per loo. THUIA LOBBII, ro to 15 inches, special by the 1000 ; the best substitute for Larch. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, i to 4 feet, each size in thousands. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer, N.B. To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. XT AND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale Priced -*--■-• LIST of the above-named Seeds is now ready, and may be had on application. It comprises all iha very finest varieties of 1884 growth. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Seea Potatos. JO S I A H H. B A York Street, Borough Market. S.E., Offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS :— Rivers" Royal Ashleaf. 1 Fortyfold T H, Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf. White Elephant. Beauty of Hebron. Snowflake. Schoolmaster. Early Rose. Maenum Bonum. Scotch Regent. York Regent. Paterson's Victoria. Redskin Flonrball. Reading Hero. Dalmahoy. Early Don, And other leading varieties. Rices on application. ANTHONY WATERER -^-^ has lo offer : — BIRCH. 3, 4 and 5 feet. SPRUCE, 2K, 3, 4, and s feet. LARCH, 4 to 6 feet. All stout and well rooted. ANTHONY WATERER, Knap HiU Nursery, VVolung, W Cheap Plants.-Speolal Offer. ILLIAM BADMAN offers as under from store pots, all healthy, well-rooted, and fit for present potting ; — TRICOtORS-Mrs. Pollock, one of the best, ir. per dozen, 151. per 100 ; Lady CuUum, S. Dumaresque, Sir R. Napier, 2r. id. per dozen, i8s. per loo. Twelve choice varieties TntMlors, for 5J. SILVERS— May Queen (Turner's), Flower of Spring, Prince Silverwings, Little Trot and Bijou, 2j. per doz., loj. per 100 GOLD LEAF— Crystal Palace Gem. 21. per dozen, loj. per 100 ; Happy Thought. 2i. bd. per dozen. BRONZE— McMahon, Black Douglas, Czar (best bedders), 21. per dozen, 155. per 100. SCARLET- Vesuvius, Jean Sisley, Col. Seely, 11. f,d. per dozen, 8j. per 100. PINK— Master Christine, M15. Levers (fine), 11. M. per dozen, loj. per roo. WH ITE — Madame Vaucher and Virgo Marie, ij. 6^. per dozen Tor. per 100. ' CRIMSC^N- Henry Jacoby, is. per dozen, 15s. per loo - Waltham Seedling, rr. id. per dozen, 8r. per 100. LOBELIA— Brighton, Blue Stone, Pumila magnifica, 3r. per 10?, 2or. per icoo. HELIOTROPE— Jean d'Amour, Miss Nightingale and Light, 6/, per 100. r??r'?^,?r",'1,T!°''S",^ Dwarf Blue, 51. per too, 40J. per 1000. CALCEOLARIA-Golden Gem and Dark Camden Hero, ss per Tco, 40f. per 1000. ^Skl'^^^Yr';??*??'" ='"'' IRESINE Lindeni, ss. per 100. rROP.^;0LUM— Vesuvius, dwarf, good bedded, 8i per too PELARGONIUMS-Showand Fancy, in single po^sj^per dozen, los. per loo. Packing included. Terms Cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. (iUINEA BOX of SPECIALTIES. - J ^' ?.^^iS,9^." ^ '^^°''=' Collection of CARNATIONS and other POPULAR PLANTS, package and carriage free, lor One Guujea, consistmg of Six Pairs each choice Show Car- nations, Picotee, and Pmks to name : twelve true old Crimson Uoves, twelve border Carnations, twelve Pyrethrmns, double named ; twelve Show and Fancy Dahlias (dry roots). Half the above, us. ISAAC BRUNNING and CO.. Great Yarmouth Nurseries. EXTRACTS from our Seed Cataloe^e of FLORAL GEMS ANARRHINTJM BEIiLIDIFOLIUM. A rare and beautiful Biennial, which though allied to the An- tirrhinum, differs nevertheless in its formation of bloom from that family. Grows ij4 foot high, and produces, June to August, most lovely blue flowers ... It is perfectly hardy, and may thus be sown in the open border, greatly delighting in a sandy loam. Price 6d. and is. per packet. ANGELONIA GRANDIFLORA. Amost lovely and sweet-scented Greenhouse Annual, producing fine spikes of beautiful blue flowers. Can highly recommend this to any amateur wanting an uncommon, pretty, and easily grown pot plant. Price per packet, "id. and 6d. ANTIRRHINUM (** SNAPDRAGON "). Magnificent Strain. The mixture we offer has been procured from three of the finest strains in the world, and which we have thoroughly mixed ; our patrons may therefore depend upon receiving a strain such as cannot be equalled. Price per packet, is. dd. and IS. 6d. ASTER TENELLUS. This is a beautiful Biennial, and blooms in August, when it presents one dense mass of lovely blue flowers : is a splendid pot plant tor greenhouse, or may be planted outdoors on a warm sunny border. Price per packet, 6d. or is. CHRYSANTHEMUM, POMPONE. We nan now offer seed at is. and -^s. dd. per packet. CLEMATIS GRAVEOLENS. A half-hardy Clematis, bearing yellow flowers, and thus con- trasting most effectively with other well-known varieties. Price per packet, is. and 25. dd, CON VOL VULUS MIN OR . * ' ROSE aUEEN " This is unquestionably a most valuable acquisition to the Annual family, being of a most enchanting soft rosy-blush, whilst each plant is smothered with bloom. Certain to create a grand impression. Price, per packet, dd. and zs. CONVALLARIA MAJALIS, " LILY OF THE VALLEY." We can offer seed of the well-known " Lily of the Valley," Price, per packet, 3^, and (id. FORGET-ME-NOT, *■ PIGMY REDDER." If any one requires a cheap, effective, and uncommon blue edging, obtain a packet of this and plant out with other bedding plants, when we can vouch that, if well grown, all visitors will say that it puts all other Myosotis or Lobelia completely into the shade. Unlike the other known varieties this new species now offered presents no straggling appearance but one line of unbroken blue. Supply limited. Price, per packet, ii. td. and 2s. 6d. IPOMOPSIS ELEGANS. As the name implies {Ifio to strike forcibly, and ofisis sight) this splendid Biennial is extremely effective when well grown. If grown in pots, well crocked, watered carefully, and kept in any airy situation next the glass the amateur will find his labours amply repaid by an uncommon effective flower. Our collection comprises an assortment of various colours, and will produce hues of from rose, canary, yellow to dazzling scarlet. Price, per packet, 6.^. and is. MISTLETO. It is not generally known that Mistleto may be easily grown by rubbing the viscous seed upon the young wood of any Apple, Thorn, &c. . tree, when the wood is not too hard. Many growers where the wood is hard cut off a little of the outer bark. Dust a little fine earth over to keep from view of birds. Price, per packet, 6d. and is. PALIURUS ACULEATUS SYN. P. AUSTRALIS (CHRIST'S THORN). This, without question, is the plant from which "the Crown of Thorns which was put upon the head of Jesus Christ was composed " (Loudon, Ency. of Plants, p. 178). Many in sheer ignorance imagine the Crown in question lo have been formed of our common Hawthorn {Cratsegus oxyacantha). Besides its biblical interest the plant possesses such curious and ornamental qualities as should alone make it a resident in every English garden. It is a perfectly hardy ornamental deciduous shrub, and delights in any common garden soil. It attains a height of about 4 feet, and produces during June and July greenish- yellow flowers, which are succeeded by curiously-formed fruit, " appearing something like a head with a broad-brimmed hat on " (Paxton). Grows readily from seed. Price per packet, 6d. STEPHANOPHYSUM LONGIFOLIUM. This is a most beautiful Greenhouse Annual, producing during autumn numerous graceful branches with enchanting scarlet blossoms, which open for a long period. Price per packet, i^. 6d. and 3.;. 6d. VIRGINIAN STOCK, ** "White Cluster." This is agreat improvement on the White variety at present known, being larger in the blooms, more compact, and alto- gether more effecrive as a border plant. Stock this year limited. Price per packet, is. and 2s. 6d. N.B. — All Seeds forwarded, post-fret, upon same day as orders are received. VICCARS COLLYER & CO., Importers of New k Rare Plants, Seeds, &c,, SEEDSMEN, NURSERYMEN, &0 , CENTRAL HALL, LEICESTER, AND Central Noraerles, Glenfield, near Leicester. A. W. CREWS, Manager. SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist and Seedsman, Prospect House, Belper, Derbyshire, begs to inform the readers of the Gardeners' Chrtnn'cle that he is pre- pared to execute orders for the following plants, all of which nave been grown on the Derbyshire hills, and are very hardy and strong stocky plants, and sure to succeed well. They are of the very finest strains that money can buy. They are carriage free for cash with order. Descriptive CATALOGUE of Florists' Flowers free. Established a6 years. PANSIES a SPECIALTY. — Probably the best collection in England. The cream only of the most noted raisers. The latest new sorts, and the winners at all the great shows. Good plants, correctly named. Show or Fancy, 12 for -^s.; 35 for 5^. 6d.\ 100 varieties for 2cs. Postal Orders. BEAUTIFUL WHITE POLYANTHUS. — Strong Plants, full of Bloom-buds, 12 for if. Gd. 8 for IS. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES. —Yellow, Pink, Scarlet, Dark Red, Pure White, &c., beautifully Striped, Spotted, and Selfs, ic named varieties, all strong layers, for 41. CANTERBURY BELLS.— Unrivalled Col- lection, grand new Colours, Double and Single Tele- scopes, Candelabra, and other new forms, 12 foru. ; 12 extra strong for is. 6rf. Postal Orders. CARNATIONS and PICOTEES. — The new French Perpetual, a really grand new strain, most beautiful colours, twelve varieties, strong plants, to bloom well, for 2^., 6 for is. id, ; 12 extra strong for is. 6d. AURICULAS (Alpines). — Fine large Trusses and Blooms, most beautiful colours, strong plants, to bloom well, 12 for 2i, ; 12 extra strone lor 3^ Postal Orders. AURICULAS. —The old-fashioned Single Yellow. Most delicicusly scented. Soon bloom. 12 strong plants for qs. 6d., 6 for is. 6d. POLYANTHUS.— The finest strain grown ; fine large Trusses and Blooms, and splendid Colours. 12 for 15., 25 for is. gd. BEAUTIFUL PURE WHITE GARDEN PINKS, deliciously Scented.— Good strong PI mts, to bloom well, 12 for i^. ; 25 for i.t. gd. (CARNATION.— The new German Scarlet V^* Grenadin, a really fine decirative v..i .. ■ tjrly and free bloomer. Twelve strong plants, to bloom w^ll, for zs., 6 for IS. id. ; 12 extra strong for is dd. HOLLYHOCKS of ChateHs very finest and most select strain, 12 varieties for is. 6d.; 6 for is. 6d ; 6 extra strong for is. Postal Order. DAISIES. — A fine Collection, three plants each of six distinct sorts, named, for is. ; Earl of BeacoDsfield, the grand New Scotch Dark Daisy, 2 for is. CARNATIo'NsTand PICOTEES (Seedling), from Carter's celebrated strain. All Colours. Siroi g plants, to bloom, 12 for is. ad., 24 for 21., 12 extra strong for IS, 6d. FOXGLOVES, Dean's grand new spotted varieties, very fine, 12 for is. id. ; 12 extra, is. FOXGLOVES, Dean's new Golden, very extra, 12 for is. WALLFLOWERS.— The Covent Garden Dark, the Double German Dark, Cloth of Gold, all fine stocky plants, 12 for is. STRAWBERRY PLANTS, all Selected.— CrowTis, transplanted, warranted to Fruit well this Year ; Black Prince Improved, as early, as prolific, and much larger than the old sort ; Brown's Wonder, Alpha, Keens' Seedling, Exquisite, Early Oimson, Pine, and others, loo for 35. CELERY, FISHER'S No. i.— New Pink. Warranted the largest, earliest, and best-flavoured Celery grown. Seed Packets, is. SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist and Seedsman, Prospect House. Belper. YE NARCISSUS or DAFFODIL; containing its History, Poetry, and Culture, with Notes on HvbridisatioD, and Illustrated with many Woodcuts. Price is. BARR AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Rhododendrons.— Rhododendrons. JOHN STANDISH AND CO. have to offer tf many thousands fine bushy Plants of PONTICUM RHODODENDRONS, exceedingly well grown and well- rooted, from I to 2/^ feet in height, suitable for covert planting, 9 to 12 inches, at 301. per 100 ; 12 to 15 inches, 42J. per too iS to 24 inches, 55J. per 100 ; 24 to 30 inches, 751. per 100. HYBRID PONTICUM RHODODENDRONS, 2 to I'A feet, ;is perioo. Choice named varieties, i}^ to 2 feet, with flower-buds, 271. per dozen, ;Cio per 100. Royal Nurseries, Ascot. ARBOR-VITyE, American, 2-yr., 25J. per looo. Chinese ARBOR-VIT^, i-yr. fine, loi. per 1000. SWEET BAY, 8 to 9 inches, transplanted, loj. per 100. BOX, Tree, 4 inches, 305. per 1000. GOLDEN JAPAN BOX, transplanted, iss. per 100. COTONEASTER MICRO- PHYLLA, 6 to 8 inches, 401. per loao. CLEMATIS FLAM- MULA, I and 2-yr., 201. per 1000. CLEMATIS VITALBA, 2-yr., 2or. per iood. CUPRESSUS MACROCARPA, i-yr. transplanted, 6oi. pet 1000: CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 4to 6 inches, sor, per 1000. LAUREL, Colchic, i-yr. 3or. per loco. Portugal LAUREL, i-yr. 251. per 1000. PINUS INSIGNI5 i-yr.. fine, 4J, per 100. PINUS EXCELSA, 2.yr., 4s. per ico. PICEA NORDMANNIANA, i.yr,4J. per 100. KEI'INO- SPORA PLUMOSA, 6 to 8 inches, loj. per ico : R. SQUAR- ROSA, 6 inches, lor. per 100. THUIA TARTARICA, 6 to 8 inches, transplanted, loi. per too. THUIA COMPACTA, 8 inches, 8j. per 100 : THUIA LOBBII, 9 to 12 inches, 8at. per 1000. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 6 to 8 inches, s2s. per joo. English YEW, 2-yr., 301. per 1000; 2-yr., transplanted 50s. per 1000. ^ GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer, N.B. 432 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 4, 1885. Orchids a Specialty. The stock at the Clapton Nursery is of such magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception oi its unprecedented extent. HUGH LOW & CO. very cordially and respectfully solicit an inspection by all lovers of this interesting and beautiful c'ass of plants, whether purchasers or not. CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E. ASPARAGUS. This delicious vegetable does not require half the expense often incurred ; for direc- tions see SEED LIST, free. Strong roots IS. 6d. per loo ; extra strong ditto, 2-yr., 3i. (id. per loo ; forcing, 12S. 6d. per loo. RICHARD SMITH & CO., NURSERVME.V ayul SEED MERCHANTS, WORCESTEB. CALADIUMS. SUPERB COLLECTION. Fine bulbs. Post-free. 12 dis- tinct and beautiful varieties, 6s. and 125. ; 12 choice and rare vaTJeties, 2ir. ; 12 new and golden-leaved varieties, 42J. ; 50, choice collection, 50 varieties, 63J. ACHIMENES.— 12 distinct varieties, is. 6d.\ i2do., 3corms of each. 4*.; la do., 6 corms of each, js.; iz for exhibition, 12 cormsof each, 15J. ; 100 corms in 50 varieties, 21J.: loocormsin 25 varieties. 155. GESNERAS.— 12 varieties, 5s. GLOXINIA.— 12 strong bulbs, 6r. ; 12 rare and beautiful, selected for exhibition, 10s. 6d. and us. BEG *^ IAS. — Strong bulbs, beautiful collection, 21J. ; 12 unnamed, from choice strain, 6s., gs. E. G. HENDERSON & SON, PiNF-APPLE NURSBRV, MaiDA VaLE, LonDON, N.W. PRIMROSES-PRIMROSES. DOUBLE. White. 2.1. per dozen, izi. per 100. „ Vellow, eaily, 4s. per dozen, 30J. per 100. ^, Yellow, late, 2s. per dozen, i2i. per lOo. ,, Lilac, 2S. per dozen, 141. per 100. ,, Red, 45. per dozen, 301. per 100. ,, Purple. 6s. per dczen. (» ■) Crimson, 65. per dozen. ,, Crimson, i8i, per dozen. ,, Croussi, tSs. perdoztn. ,, Cloth of Gold, i8s. per dozen. „ Blush, gs. per dozen. ,. platypeiala, 6j. per dozen. SINGLE. White (Purity), is. per dozen, 6j. ptr ico. ,, Yellow, \s. per dozen, 6s per 100. „ Hose in-Hcse, gs. pei dozen. POLYANTHUS. GOLD- LACED, named varieties, gs. to iSs. per dozen. ,, Border varieties, 15 per dozen. 6s. per 100. CCERULEA, 0:d Blue, 91. per dozen, HUSE-IN-HUSE, in variety, ss. per dozen, 14J. per 100. DOUBl E BLACK, Theodore Rex, gs. per dozen. ,, Gold-edged, new, iqs. per dozen. JACK IN THE GREEN, as. per dozen. GIANT, Yellow and While, 6t. per dozen. AURICULAS. ALPINE, named varieties, 6s. to 125. ptr dozen. ,, mixed. 6s. per dozen. BORDER StjRTS, Yellow and Puiple, 15. perdoz., 64. per 100. GREEN EDGED and WHITE EDGED, 31. per dozen, 20s. per loo. PURE WHITE (P. nivalis), 3J. per dozen, 20s. per 100. LARGE DARK PURPLE, 6i. per dozen. GRAND TURK, black with white centre, beautifully fringed, iSf. per dozen. DOUBLE YELLOW, i8i. per dozen. DOUBLE BLACK (OthelIo>, 30J. per dozen. PRIMULA DENTICULATA, 6s. per dozen. „ FARINOSA, gs. per dozen. „ JAPONICA, 2J. per dozen, 14^. per 100. ,, ., ALHA, 6s. per dozen. „ M UNROI, 6s. per dozen. ,, PULCHERRIMA. 6j. per dozen. ,, ROSEA, 6s. per dozen. „ SIEBOLDII, of sorts. 7s. per dczen, 125. per 100. „ SPECTABILIS, 6s. p^r dozen. „ VISCOSA, 6r. per dozen. Delivered free to any address in the kingdom for cash with order. When orders are not prepaid, carriage and pickige will be charged on. MORRISON BROTHERS, NURSERIES, ABERDEEN. NEW HARDY SWEET-SCENTED WHITE PASSION FLOWER, "CONSTANCE ELIOTTl' Firsts-class Certificate, R H S , 1884. LUCOMBE, PINCE and CO., The E.xeter Nursery, Exeter, will be prepared to send nut this Novelty in the Spring of 1885. They have purchased the while Stock from the raisers, Messrs. Fuller & Son, of Newton AbboU. Price 59. each. A few extra-sized Plants, lOs. 6d. eacli. Terms to the Trade on applkatton. CARTERS' IN VICT A LAWN CRASS SEEDS. J^a/ite?ui^ CAUTION.-Carters' | ^C^^^ Grass Seeds bave never ^^i been b %W\IV-PTli!' petitlo eaten in any com- n. The following ff'^/xi With bave been won CARTERS' GRASS seIds"^ ^^™^ &c. :- ONLY PRIX D'HONNEUR Amsterdam, 1884. | ONLY GOLD MEDAL . Amsterdam. 1884. I ONLY GOLD MEDAL . Healtheries, 1884 GOLD PRIZE MEDAL . . Melbourne, )88o ONLY GOLD MEDAL Paris, I'yS ONLY PRIZE MEDAL . . Sydney, 1879 ONLY GOLD MEDAL . Li.MA. 1872 ONLY PRIZE MEDAL . . London, 18^4 > ONLY PRIZE MEDAL . . Paris, 1867. Per Pound. Bu-hel. CARTERS' INVIOTA LAWN SEEDS. Carters' Grass Seeds . . -I Carters' Grass Seeds. Carters' Grass Seeds.. | %^^,}^l^ r ' ■= .. =« » Carters' Grass Seeds.. -j 'Gj,^°ar f ' ° ■■ =' ° i to repair ) ( Old Lawns I ' 3 .• '5 o Carters' Grass Seeds.. ■[ %"ees" } ' ^ ■ =5 o Carters' Grass Seeds.. { %f^^X''} r 3 •• »s o Sow 4 Bushels of Seed per Acre. All Parcels Carriage Free. For further particulars see Carters' Pamphlet '■ HOW to FORM a LAWN and TENNIS GROUND, " Gratis and Post-free on application. ^C 237 2381 High Holborn, London Seedsmen by Royal Warrant to His Royal Higliness the PRINCE OF WALES. w.c. /CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and PINKS. V--' — Having a large stock of strong, finely routed plants of the above, we beg to offer them at the following low prices : — Choice Show CARNATIONS and PICO TEES, to name, our selection, i2.f. per dozen pairs ; purchaser's selection, 151, to \is. ditto. PINKS, Sho'w varieties, our selection, 4.S'. 6d. to 6s. per dozen pairs. Old Crimson CLOVES (True), 31, per dozen. Mixed CARNATIONS, for borders, 3^. per dozen. PYRE- THRUMS, choice Double varieties, 3s. per dozen. Carriage and package free for cash with order. ISAAC BRUNNING and CO.. Great Yarmouth Nurseries. Special Offer for Casb JOHN STANDISH and CO. beg to offer t/ the under-mentioned finely grown and well-rooted shrubs : — LAUREL, caucasicum, 2 to i^A feer, 30^, per 100. ,, Common, 2 to ■2'% feet, 201. per 100. HoLLY, Common, 2 to 2J4 feet, 421. per 100. ,, Golden and Silver, 2 to 2^ teet, 30J. per do2en. PRIVET, Oval-leaved, 2 to 3 feet, 71. 6d. per 100. BERRERIS DARWlNir, 2 to 2>i feet, 251. per 100, YEWS, English, 2 to -2% fee', 501 per 100. AUCUtJA, Green, a to 2^ ^eet, 631. per 100. LIMES, Standard, stout, 5107 feet stems, i8f. per dozen. SPRUCE, fine stout stuff, 2 to 3 feet, 4,01. per 100. Royal Nurserie.';, Ascot. EXPIRATION OF LEASE. 'SEVEN ACRES OF NURSERY, containing a VALUABLE STOCK, continues to be offered at a nominal price. The lease cannot be renewed. See CHARLES NOBLE'S full Advertisement, Gardeners' Chronicli', March 28 and April 11. R O S E S, 20 Acres, well-rooted, many shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, Zs. per dozen, 60s. per 100. Standards, \$s. doz., 105^'. 100. Packing and carriage free for cash with order. These 'World-famed HOSES cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction. ROSES IN POTS ; all the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from \i,s. to 36.f. per doz. Descriptive LIST free on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. HERBACEOUS And ALPINE PLANTS. CATALOGUE of fifty pages, containing full information as to colour, height, situation, time of flowermg, &c., free oa application. A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks, Stumps and Borders, from 25^. per 100, or 41. per dozen. Most of the plants being in pots may be despatched at any time, or by Parcel Post when fit. RICHARD SMITH & CO.. NURSER-XMEN and SEED MERCHANTS, WORCESTER. EXPIRATION OF LEASE WANTED AN OFFER For Thousands or any Smaller Number . — lo.coo SPIRAEA PALMATA. lo.coo Green HOLLIES. 10 000 ANDROMEDA FLORI BUND A and others. lo.coo RE IINOSPORA AUREA and others. 10.000 Dwarf ROSES, finest kinds. 10,000 GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS. 10,000 MAHONIA (Berberis) AQUIKOLIA. 10,000 ERICA CARNEA, and sarts. ACERNEGUNDOVARIEGATA,afe«hundreJ". Maden PEACHES, NECTARINES, and APRI- COTS, a few hundreds. Thousands of other things on oflfer. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES and ROSES, A large and select stock is now offered for sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive CA TALOGUE ofFR UlTS post-free. The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridge'worth, Herts. SEEDS. -SEEDS. -SEEDS. CHARLES TURNE R'S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of New and Select Varieties of every Class of Seeds for the Garden, is now ready. THE ROYAL NURSERIES. SLOUGH. 10,000 PELARGONIUMS, "Very fine healthy plants, in 5 inch pots, 501. and 7,w. per ico in bud, icos. per 100 ; in bloom, l(ts. per dozen, packing free. Cash with order, or reference, from unknown Correspondents TURNER BROS., Nurserymen and Florists, GREEN HILL NURSERY, ALLERTON. LIVERPOOL NOW IS THE BEST TIME TO PLANT BOTH. PRICKLY COMFREY.— We offer crown sets, which are superior to roots, at 21s. per 100. The root 1. said to be an excellent remedy for coughs and colds in horses and other animals. GIANT ASPARAGUS.— Splendid roots, from sandy land, in four sizes, 15J. , 215., 30^. aiid ^cj. per loco. Trade friers on application. HARRISOtf & SONS. Seed Growers. LEICESTER. HORTICULTURAL SHOWS. HARRISON & SONS Have purch.ised the entire stock of a grand new Pea, a selection from the Ne Plus Ultra, and a great improvement, having larger and better filled pods, containing Peas of an im- mense size, it having taken the Ist Prize at; every Show where it has been exhibited. We have named it HARRISON'S EXHIBITION MARROW, and highly recommend it for AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER SHOWS. Pint Packets post-free for 28. HARRISON & SONS, SEED GROWERS, LEICESTER. NOTK. — Seedsmen likely to require a few bushels next season can have a trial packet '% free on receipt of 3^. for postage. Afril 4, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 433 THE FRUIT OF THE FUTURE. NEW MAGNIFICENT BLACKBERRY, "THE WILSON JUNR." In spite of the fact that niaclcberries will grow " anywhere " in reason, and everybody likes them, it is yet a puzzling reality that it is only with great diflRcuUy and at a high figure that we can purchase them in our markets. Surely, then, it must be apparent to all farseeing " fruit growers " that instead of ghuiinp the marlccts with Gooseberries. Currants, &c., they have heie a fruit which, if planted upon any givtn area of land, will prove far more profitable than any other hardy Iruit that could be grown. And why? Simply becatise for halfadozrn years ahead, at least, the stock thronghrut the country will not have time to become so great as to exceed the demand. Landowners. Stewards, and Gardeners, who have each year to show a balance-sheet "of profits," have here a very simple, safe method of for some years obtaining hit;hly profiiable results. Planted 3 feet by 8 feet requires at the rale of 1815 plants to an acre, Gaideners also who grow for house consumption will find this fruit a valuable assistant. It will stand any treatment, and do well where other fruits would fail. Whilst, howtver, we have the matter under consideraMon, do not let us fall into ihe mistake of planting any variety so ling as it is a " Blackberry." Why not. for ihe sake of a slightly additional first expense, obtain ihe very '' cream " of the family ; or in other words, procure stocks of the hardiest, largest, most delicious, and most productive ? By pursiung this procedure the result repiys the grower tenfold for the sliehtly additional first expense incurred. It was this reasoning that caused us 10 give the subject our most care- ful study ; the result of which is, we offer a variety, the grandest of the group, producing enormous berries, measuring on an average 3^^ inches around, lenethwise. and the same dimensions crosswise. (This will give an idea of the profit to be derived from iti culture as a market com- modity.) The berries are also glossv black, very early of exquisite flavour, and enormously productive— the heavy load Of frull Often bending the caue3 to the very ground. We can oflfer plants of this grand variety at la. 3d- each, 12s. per dozen, 85b. per 100, carriage paid. We can offer other varieties as follows :—" LAWTON," " KITTA- TINNY," "PARSLEY-LEAVED (Rubus fruticosus lacinialus), WILSON'S EARLY," at 9V. each, 8j. 6rf. per dozen, 63J. per loa. B^ A'ter this date (March 12) we advise our numerous Patrons for the " Wilson Junior Blackberry " to give us the option of Autumn Delivery. We have, however, every reason to believe that there is a certainty of delivery in time this spring. VICCARS COLLYER & CO., NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, b-c, CENTRAL HALL, LEICESTER (where all Letters are to be addressed), and CENTRAL NURSERIES, GLENFIELD, near LEICESTER. A. W. CREWS, MaDa^er, — t=^i .5 TO BE HAD FROM ALL iRONtvlONGERS Si NuRSElRYIViE SPGeiaL Issue OP NEwf)ESi6n§tnGAi^DEn.eHaif\§sF^uuERS AT -KEDUeCD' PRIGES- PROW FORMER UISTS .;_ / §INGLrE eYLilNDEI^I^ObUER,S, 16x16,20x20 and 24x2+ DOUBLE D? SaME SiZES. ^ »■ s ■a V^^J25, BUCHANAN ST-^^ 0ai^I^O|\l W0I^KS,FALKIRK,N.B. EIavid ©Swan.^M^nagepo COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. (TWO HTJNDBED AND FIFTY-SIXTH THOUSAND.) By the late SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. Price 3d., Post-free 3id.; Twenty -five Copies, 5s. ; fifty, 10s. : and one hundred, 20s. Parcels of not less than 25 delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than 100 Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain, W. RICHARDS 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C 434 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [April 4, 1885. ANTHONY WATERER Invites attention to the following LIST of well-grown and properly rooted NURSERY STOCK :— HOLLIES, Common Green, 3, 4, s. 6, 7, 8 to' ,, laurifolia, ditto. [10 feet high. „ Hodgins", 3, 4, 5 to 8 feet. , ,, myrtifolia, ditto. ^many thousands. ,, Scoltica, 3 to 8 feet. ,, yellow-berried, altaclarense and others. ,, Variegated, of sorts, 3, 4, 5,6, 8 to toft. „ Waterer's splendid plants, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet, 8 to 15 feet in circumference. „ Golden pueen, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 10 feel, hundreds o( bciutilul specimens. „ Perry's Weeping Holly, on straight stems, with beautiful heads, ten to fifteen years' growth, hundreds, „ new Golden Weeping, a large number of very beautiful plants. BOX. Green and Variegated, 3, 4, 5, etoyfeet, many thousands. YEWS, Common, 3. 4, 5, 6 to 10 feet, thousands. ,, Golden, of all sizes up to 10 feet. We have many thousands as Pyramids, Globes, Standards, in point of variety and size unequalled. ,, Irish, 5 to 10 feet, hundreds. [thousands. CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, 3, 4, 5. « to 8 feet, „ Lawsooiana lutea, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds of beautiful specimens. THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, 3, 4, and 5 feet, hundreds. RHODODENDRONS, many thousands, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, to 10 feet. The plants are covered with buds. AZALEAS, Hardy, the finest varieties known, 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet high, thousands. JUNIPERS, Chmese, 7, 8, and 10 feet high. ., Chinese Golden, 3 to 6 feet JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA GLAUCA, 3 to 5 feet. ABIES CANADENSIS, 4 to 7 feet, hundreds. „ DOUGLASII, 3 to s feet, thousands. „ „ GLAUCA, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds. „ ORIENTALIS, 4, s, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ HOOKERIANA, 3 to 5 feet. „ PARRYANA GLAUCA, \\i to 2 feet, hundreds. PICEA CONCOLOR, 2 to 4 feet, hundreds, „ GRANDIS, 5 to 7 feet. „ LASIOCARPA, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. „ MAGNIFICA, 2 to 3 feet, hundreds. ,. NOBILIS. iM to 3 feet, thousands. „ NORDMANNIANA, 6, 7, toiofeet. ,, PINSAPO, 6 to 10 feet, hundreds. „ PUNGENS, iM to 2 feet, thousands. PINUS CEMBRA, 6 to 8 feet. CEDRUS DEODARA, 6 to 9 feet, hundreds. „ LIBANI (Cedar of Lebanon), 3 to 5 feet. THUIA OCCIDENTALIS LUTEA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. THUIOPSIS BOREALIS, 3 to 5 feet, hundreds. RETINOSPORA OBTUSA AUREA, 3 to 6 feet, hundreds. ,, PISIFERA AUREA (true), 3 to 6 feet. „ PLUMOSA AUREA, 3 to s feet. Knap Hill Nursery, WoMng Station, Surrey. NEW CATALOGUE FOR 1885. Bcaiidjul Flowefs/ar Indoors, selected from an immense stock. Our Glasshouses ccn>er nearly 2 actcs. Wm. Clibran & Son's New List (90 Pages Double Column) Of the mwest and finest varieties of all classes of Plants for Geei'lijuse*., Stoves, S:c., may now be had for two stamps. It includes only the best varieties of their respective classes. Every season new sorts are added. Comparisons of the varieties when in bloom carefully made, and the inferior kinds discarded. Inlendinj; pui chasers may rely when selections are ordered as u ider on liew J Mtpplied with varieties of merit only. The following che.ip Collections of finest named kinds consist entirely of our selcL-ti'.K. Purchasers may select from the Lists It Pr CI s as per C VTALOGUE, which please see before order- ing elsewhere. ■ ■ "' - .- -- 12 Geraniums of any or all classes, Zonals for pots or beds, Ivy-leaf, Doubles, &c., 3J. SO „ all classes, a lovely selection, izt. 6ci. 12 Gloxinias, 12 sorts, 6^, 12 Greenhouse Plants, 12 sorts, 91. 12 Heliotrope, 12 sorts, ^s.dd. 12 Lantanas, 12 sorts, 2s. 6d. 12 Liliums, 6 sorts, 12^. 12 Palms, 6 sorts, 18s. 12 Pelargoniums, Show, French, Fancy, &c., gj. 12 Roses, 15s. 12 Salvias, 2s. 6d. 12 Stove Plants, Flowering, 9J, 12 ,, ,, Foliage, 9,^. 12 Tropseolums, 2s. 6d. 12 Tree Carnationf, gs. 12 Verbenas, 2.J. 6d. 12 Atutilons, 12 sorts, 3^. 12 Achimenes, 12 sorts, 2s. 6d. 12 Begonias, Tuberous, 12 sorts, 6s. 13 ,, Ornamental, 12 soits, . 4S, I 6 ,, Evergreen, 6 sorts, sj. 1 12 Bouvatdias, 12 sorts, 4s. 12 Caladiums, 12 sorts, 6s. 12 Camellias, 12 sorts, 24J. 12 Chrysanthemums of any or all classes, Large Flowered, Pompon, Anemone, or Japanese, 2s. 6d. 50 ,, ,, lOS. 100 ,, ,. i8j. 12 Coleus, 12 sorts, 3s. 12 Ferns, 12 sorts, gr. 12 Fuchsias, 12 soris, 3i. 25 ,. 25 sorts, 51, 6d. 50 ,, 50 sorts, 1 2 J. 6d, 100 ,, i8r. W. CLIBRAN AND SON'S NEW CATALOGUE (free for two stamps) of Hardy Plants and Florists' Flowers for out- doors, is a list of the finest Collections in the Country of Low Priced Plants, and includes only varieties which are annually tested and compared to ensure the weeding out of all inferior plants. The followiog cheap Collections are of our selection only, all named sorts lor Garden or Exhibilion : — 12 each of ANTIRRHINUMS, PENTSTEMONS, PHLOXES, for gs., or 12 of any separate for 3*. 6d. 12 PYRETHRUMS. 55 ; 12 P0TENTILLAS,5i. ; 12 DEL- PHINIUMS, js.6d.\ 12 P^EONIES, 9J. ; or 12 of each, zaj, 6d. 13 CARNATIONS, f^.^. ; 12 PICOTEES. 6s. ; 12 PINKS, 3^. 6d. ; 12 Show or Fancy PANSIES, 3J. ; or 12 of each for 1 js. 6d. 12 DAHLIAS of any class, Show, Fancy, Bedding. Bouquet, or Single, 3J. ; 50 varieties, 121. 6d, ; 100 vaiieties, 25^, 12 lovely IRIS, 3^. : 12 beautiful MIMULUS, 35 12 lovely PRIMROSES, Double, 6s. : 12 SAXIf'RAGAS, 31.; 12 SEDUMS, 35. 12 Sweet VIOLETS, 2^. 6d. ; 12 VIOLAS. 2s. 6d. ; or 100 in four colours, i2r. 12 beautiful Siedling HOLLYHOCKS, 41., 50 for izs. 6d., 100 for 211. 12 beautiful PRIMULAS SIEBOLDII, 12 sorts. 65. 40 Acres fine NURSERY STOCK. 5 .. HERBACEOUS PLANTS. 2 ., GLASS HOUSES. The 01d6eld Nurserie?, AUrincham, Cheshire, and the S«ed and Bulb and Cut Flower Depot, 12, Maiket Street, Manchester -7< Farm Seeds delivered Carriage Fre Purity ^Sn Germination of Seeds Guaranteed. CARNATIONS AND PICOTEES. THOMAS S. WARE Has much pleasure in drawing attention to his very fine collection of the above, including SHOW VARIETIES, BOEDER VARIETIES, YELLOW GROUNDS, CLOVES, &c. Priced List may be had upon application. HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, MIDDLESEX, WILD FLOWERS OF NORTH AMERICA. iBT Our MoBt Desirable PERENNIAL PLANTS for Cultivation— SEEDS, to. .ss Orchids, Ferns, Lilies, Aquatics, Alpine and Sub-Alpine Plants. Botanical and Common names given. Send for CATA- LOGUE. EDWARD GILLETT, Soulhwick, Mass., U.S.A. LAING'S BEGONIA TUBERS. All Good Tubers, just starting into Growth. Free by Parcel Post. CATALOGUES Gratis. Our own Unrivalled Varieties. Named Sorts, per dozen, Singles: — A, 42^. ; B, 36^. ; C, 30J. ; D, 245.; E. iZs. ; F, i2j. Named Sorts, per dozen, Doubles : — R, 63J. ; S, 48s.; T. 42J. Unnamed Sarts, per tlozen, Singles ;—G, 21J. ; H, i8j. ; J., 15J. ; K, 12s. ; L, gy. For Bedding, per too:— M. 401. ; N., 30s, ; O, 245. Unnamed Sorts, per dozen, Doubles :— W, Zos. ; X, 24J. ■ Z, i8j. LAING AND CO.. Nurseries, Forest Hill. S.E. PUTBUSH'S MILL- V^* TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require description. Price 6s. per bushel {is. extra per bushel for package), or 6d. per cake ; free by Parcel Post, is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and iwintcd cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON (Limited), Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Highgate Nurseries, N. A SPECIALTY. Rhododendrons and other American Plants, Grown in Sandy Loam. A superb Collection of all the leading varieties in cultivation. Also thousands of RHODODENDRON PONTICUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverts, A Sample Dozen of well-budded Plants of the best vsirtetles for 24s. Larger Sizes, from 30s. to 42s. per dozen. Priced LISTS on application. JOHN CRANSTO KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD. SEED POTATOS N, Se7td for Desc^npiive Catalogue OF NEARLY ALL THE BEST AND NEWEST VABIETIES IN COMMERCE, EITHER FOR EXHIBITION PURPOSES, OR FOR GARDEN OR FIELD CULTIVATION. LIBERAL TERMS to TRADE BUYERS. JOHN WATKINS, Fruit and Potato Grower, POMONA FARM, WITHINGTON, HEREFORD. FERNS A SPECIALTY. Hundreds of Thousands of FERNS AND SELAGINELLAS, for Stove and Greenhouse Cultivation, and Outdoor Ferneries. ABRIDGED CATALOGUE of over laoo Species and Varieties free on application. LARGE CATALOGUE (Price 1b.), containing 75 Illustra- tions of Ferns and Selagioellas, valuable " Hints on Fern Culture," and other useful and interesting information. W. «& J. BIEKENHE AD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. SEEDS, VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and FARM, Carefully Selected^ AND FROM WHICH MAV BE EXPECTED THE BEST RESULTS EVER YET ATTA.INHD. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS and NURSERYMEN, WORCESTER. NEW SPRING CATALOGUES. The following CATALOGUES are now ready, and may be had upon application ; — HABDY PERENNIALS, ILI.TJSTBATED. Thoroughly revised, contains many Plants not pre- viously offered, and includes nothing but really y?rj/-cA7jj showy plants. Also selections of Hardy Terrestrial ORCHIDS, PRIMULA SIEBOLDI, AQUATIC and BOG PLANTS, Ornamental GRASSES, HAMBOOS, HELLEBORUS, &c. HARDY FLORISTS' FL0WER3. Including Show, Border, Clove, Tree and Yellow groundCARNATIONS.DELPHINIUMS, PHLOXES, PEONIES, VIOLETS, PYRETHRUMS. PINKS, &c. CHRYSANTHEMUMS. A most complete CATALOGUE, including all the really firsi-class varieties of each section, and the new ones of the present season. HARDY CLIMBERS. One of the most complete ever Issued, comprising almost every Hardy Climbing, Creeping, or Trailing Plant of real worth. THOMAS S. WARE,' HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, HIDDLESEZ I ArRiL 4, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 435 SWEDES, TURNIPS, MANGELS. » _ _ ~ — " ~~ — ■ As ive arc carrying a large Stock, all of our oivn contract grozvth, ivc shall be pleased to quote Special Prices and send Samples on application. HOWCROFT & WATKINS, Wholesale Seedsmen, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. SPECIAL NOTICE. ,% B. S. WILLIAMS' EXHIBITION CYCLAMEN, "aMABYLLIS, IMANTOPHYLLUMS, AZALEAS, RHODODENDRONS, &c., IS NOW ON VIEW. The ORCHID HOUSES arc gay with flouer, and ate well worth a visit, B. S. W. begs to invite his Patrons and those interested in Horticulture to an inspection of the above. VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. 55,000 OF THESE CELE- BRATED MACHINES IN USE. SENT CARRIAGE PAID. NO CHARGE FOR PACKING. PRICES (t'om ONE GUINEA EACH. A Month's Trial allowed, and If not approved of can be returned unconditionally. A'. B. — Machines of any make repaired and made equal to new. Prize Medals awarded aa follows :— BirratDgham, 1872 — Meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society. Prize awarded to F. & B.'s Machine in competition with alj the priucipal makers — ist Prize Medal. Paris, 1878 — International Exhibition — ist Prii« Medal. Vienna, 1873— International Exhibition — ist Prize MedaL Brussels, 1874 — International Exhibition — ist Prize Medal. Melbourne, 1881 — International Exhibition — Diploma of Merit. Alexandra Palace, 187a — International Lawn Mower Contest — The .^ ist Prize. [ist Prize Medal. '^V -/ Manchester, 1875 — Society for the Promotion of Scientific Industry— ^^^>V^ Manchester, 1874 — Intemational Show— ist Prize Medal. MedaL j^Jyr Manchester, 1873 — Grand Intemational Horticultural Exhibition— ist Prize Liverpool, 187a — Manchester & Liverpool Agricultural Society — ist Prize Medal. FOLLOWS AND BATE (Limited), beg to direct attention to the variety of LAWN MOWERS they manufacture, all of which are made of the best materials, and with due regard to those essential points necessary to ensure durability as well as pbrkbc- TiON IN WORKING. The large demand that has existed for several years for their Machines (which are sold by all respectable Ironmongers), together with the highest distinctions gained by them in various Intemational Exhibitions and Public Contests — including Paris, Vienna, Brussels, London. Birmingham, Manchester. Liverpool. Wigan. &c. — sufficiently attest their merits. Complete Illustrated Horticultural List now ready— Post-free. FOLLOWS & BATE (Limited), Dutton Street Works, Manchester. WORKS FOR THE POSSESSORS OF GARDENS. HIGH CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING, a Handy Manual for the improved Cultivation of all Vegetables. By William Earley, Author of "How to Grow Mushrooms," "How to Grow Asparagus," &c., &c. Crown 8vo, with Coloured Frontispiece, price 4j. 6J. MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. A complete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth, price "js. THE ART OF GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. o. Fisher, Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged. Price is. HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Earley. Price i^. stitched. HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A popular Explanation of the best Method of Culture. By William Earley. Price is. stitched. London : BRADBURY, AONEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G. (CHOICE NEW and GENUINE FLOWER V^ SEE I IS, One Farthing a Packet I Parcel containine 48 packets, IS., post-free. is. ilid., comprisitic new Giant MIG- NONEITE, Black Sweet PEA, new GODETIA (Princess of Wales), Giant SUI^FI.OWER, and lortyfour other packets all difTerent. Address The GARDENER, Hillside, Loudwater, High Wycombe. Special Offer to the Trade. ARALIAS; AZALEAS INDICA, MOLLIS, and PONTICA ; CITRUS, CLIVEA, DRA- C/ENAS, FERNS, FICUS, PALMS, and RHODODEN- DRONS. JULES DE COCK, Ornamental Plant Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium. PABBAGeTlANTS.— Early Rain ham "and V^ Enfield Market, 2s. 6d per looo ; Red Dutch, 3s. per looD. ASPARAGUS ROOTS, 3-yr. old, 141. per 1000. Forcine SICAKALE, splendid crowns, qj. per 100; planiing out, 3i. per loo. Cash with orders. RICHARD WALKER, Market Gardens, Biggleswade, Beds.. LO V~E L' S ~s"t1i A W B E R R Y PLANTS. Price 2S. 6d. per 100, los. per 500, 17^. 6d. per 1000. Sample and Pamphlet, pobt-free, ^d. W. LOVEL AND SON. Strawberry Growers, Driffiald. "DALMS. — Specially hardy grown, for Cool -L Greenhouses and Dwelline- houses. Latania horbonicaand Seaforlhia elegans, splendidly foliaged, 20 inches high, laj. per dozen ; sample plants, is. yi. Same kinds, 12 inches high, 25J. per 100 ; sample twelve for 4J, All packages and parcels post- free. Postal Orders to GARDENER, Holly Lodge. Stamford Hill, London, N. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, 4«yj*»rv. January i^,\^%\. '* Used for Vines. Results : Great impr.vement. 1 think the manure good for many kinds of things— Roses, Geraniums. I have used it for Camelllias that have not bloomed (or a long time without repotting. Crops this year good : Peaches, Figs Nectarines. It muil be used with reason." W. PATERSON, Beech Groz-e, SydenJiam Hill. February 9 1885, "Used for lawns, vegetables, Vines, flowers: grass ihiuly covered with the Guano (probably at half a ton per acef. Results : Very satisfactory. Having used your Guano (or twelve years, I have do hesitation in saying that it has always answered well, and that my gardeners say they could ro do wiLhoui it, more especially for my grass slopes and lawns." C. L. NICHOLSON, ThatcJud House Club, St. James's, London. January 74. 1^85. " Used for lawn. Results : Excellent. Ma^. The results have been greatly to my satisfaction, especially in cases of Roses. Beet, and Celery. I have tried all ether ma ures, but, considering the price you charge, I shall rec ■mmend it 10 all my Iriends." At the Birmingham Show, 1884, Nineteen Prizes were taken by Exhibitors who used Native Guano. PRICE £3 10s. PER TON, in Bags, at the RAILWAY STATION, AYLESBURY. Pamphlets of Testimonials and all other particulars may be obtained on application to the Secretary of the NATIVE GUANO COMPANY, LIMITED, 29, NEW BRIDGE STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, E.C. CONTBACTOR3 TO HER MAJESTY'S WAB DEPARTMENT. THE Thames Bank Iron Company, UPPER Special Certificate, awarded May 22, 1883. FJue and Terminal-end Saddle Boiler. GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.B. Have the Largest and moet Complete Stock in the Trade. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, and all Castings for Horticultural Purposes. Illustrated CATALOGUE, i^tk Edition, price \s. Price List on application Free. Hot-water and Hot-air Apparatus erected Complete, or the Materials supplied. Patent Reliance Rotary Valvea. April 4, 1S85 ] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 437 SEASON 1885 Is now offered to the Public for the tenth year, and the Manu- facturers have again much pleasure in stating that it is still increasing in popularity. They are, however, sorry to find that it is still necessary to CAUTION the Public against, under any circumstances, accepting it, unless in their PACKETS or SEALED BAGS, as they will not be responsible for its genuine- ness under any other conditions. Where no Agent resides in the neighbourhood they will forward a Sample Bag, carriage paid, on receipt of Cheque or Post-office Order. Sold in Packets, ONE SHILLING each, and in Sealed Bags, 71b. 14 lb. 281b. 56 1b. 1 owt. 2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/- CLAY & LEVESLEY, TEMPLE MILL LANE, STRATFORD, LONDON, E. Clay hibiiion varieties .. .. ,,40 i> >> Popular sons tn name .. .. ,. ..30 CHRYSANTHEMUMS.Iarge-flowered ii curvtd and rt flexed, — Splendid exhibi- tion vaiietie!; ., .. six for aj, 31/. 4 o ,. ,, Goi d siai dft'd varieties . , , . ..30 CHRYSANTHEMUMS, Pompon — 111 beaut fill variety .. 5ix lor li. (>d. 3 6 COLEUS. — New and select varieties. SIX for 3f. 3 6 DAHLIAS, Single-flowered. — Very choice sorts, injluding new vaTielies of 1884 -■ •• •• six for 31. fid. 6 o „ ,, Beauiiful sort=, in S) l<^ndtd variety, to name 3 6 DAHLIAS, Double-flowered. — Show and Farcy. Vety choice sorts, including new varieties of 1884 .. . . , . ..60 ,, ,, Choice S01 IF, our selection . . . . ..36 DAHLIAS, Bouquet. — Our own selec- iton, including; new varieties of 1884 ..36 DAHLIA JUARFZI (The Cactus Dahlia). — Brilliant scarlet, splendid, each 9(/., three for a.r. DAHLIA, Constance (White Cactus Dahlia), — Pure white, splendid for cut fl.>*ers each 61^. 5 o DAHLIA, Glare of the Garden.— A dwarf growing, double-flowered variety, producing a wonderful profusion of its in- tensely brilliant, neat, scarlet blooms, each y''., three for 2J. FUCHSIAS, — Very choice sorts from our fine collection, including the most beau- tiful varieties .. .. six for a. td. 4 6 ,, Good sorts, to name 30 FUCHSIA corymbiflora. — Splendid species, with immense clusters of hand- some scarlet fljwers, three for aj. 6d., each IS. GERANIUMS, Single-flowered Zonal. — Twelve new varieties of 1884 (Pearson^) maenificent set .. .. six for 6^. 10 6 ,, ,, Superb exhibition sorts, our own selection. six for 2s. 6d. 4 6 ,, ,, Choice sorts, to name 36 GERANIUMS, Double-flowered Zonal. — New varieties o( 1884, superb, six for 5/. 9 o , ,, Beautiful sorts for pot culture . . ..46 ,. ,, Choice sorts, to name a 6 GERANIUMS, Ivy-leaved.- Splendid for hanging-baskets, stumps, &c., six new varieties of 'S84. 5^. II >i Single and Double, our own selection, ia beautiful variety .. .. six for sx. 3 6 HELIOTROPE, White Lady. — Fine for buquets, dehciously scented each 4^. 3 o ,, In variety, good sons .. six for is. bd. t t MARGUERITES, or Parisian Daisies. — Ill variety six for 25. 3 6 IMPATIENS Sultani. — Splendid for greei,house, perpetual bloomer, each gd.,. three lor 21. MUSK, Harrison's Giant. — Finely scented six for \s. hd. 3 6 PHLOX, Herbaceous.— A highly im- proved and splendid race of hardy pla- ts. Our own -'election, including the most beautiful sorts six for 2/. 3 6 PENTSTEMONS. — In beautiful variety six tor 31. 3 6 PETUNIAS.— Double-flowered, beau- tiful sons six for 2j. 3 6 CATALOGUE Free. DANIELS BROS., NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS, NORWICH. THE SATURDAY, APRIL 4, 1885. WINCHESTER. VENERABLE Winchester, with its long history and ancient building5, its trees and gardens, encircled by the bare downs, its river lichen, Isaac Walton's trout siream, which the Danes ascended from Souihamptoij' to the main street, where St. Swithin's Bridge stood ! The life of the country was for ctrn. turies centred in Winchester, as it is in London now. Times past have seen it successively a Briti-h cjmp, a Roman city, a Saxon capital, and the burial place of Egbert, the first of the Snxon kings — of Alfred the Great, of Canute ihe Dane, and of many princes of lesser note, whose collected bones now fill six large chests, which are carefully preserved in the cathedral. The story of St. Swithin, Bishop of Win- chester, builder of its earliest cathedral and bridge, has been often told. He lived in the eighth century, and was buried, by his own desire, in the open churchyard of his own church. About a hundred years later his suc- cessors, wishing to do him honour, and having built a new cathedral, with a gorgeous shrine over the intended tomb of the saint, attempted the removal of his body. A heavy downpour arrested their proceedings during forty days, and then the raindrops ceased their pleading, and the body of St. Swithin, the benefactor and improver, which had lain for a century where- the Daisies blossomed, was exhumed and walled up in its new shrine. The life of the saint is now involved in muclL- obscurity. It is pleasant to read of him sitting by the river's margin, at the building of his bridge and quay, for the purpose of encouraging the workmen by his presence ; and much in- terest was felt, some years since, when some stones of this ancient quay were discovered bearing marks due to the friction of the ropes by which the boats were moored to them a thousand years ago. The removal of the dust of King Canute,., from the older to the newer building, was. efFected at the same time as the sacrilege just noticed. Here, in his own church, rests that, greatest of worthies and Bishops of Winchester, William of Wykeham, the builder or restorer of the present cathedral, of Winchester School, of New College, Oxford ; and the restorer of Windsor Castle, and of many of the palaces and granges wiihin his diocese. The Bishop's origin and advancement were similar to those of Selden. Both these great men rose from humble life, and both won high social rank, and still higher public estimation. Each owed his education, as many poor lads have done, to the generous patronage of the squire of the parish. John and Sybil Long were a simple country couple of the village of Wyke- ham ; and their son William, pre-eminent as' his talents were, must have remained an obscure villager but for the education ob- tained for him by Sir Nicholas Uvedale, lord of the manor of Wykeham, and Governor of Winchester Castle. This excellent man, observing the youth's abilities, sent him to_4 438 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 4, 1885. school standing then on the present site of the famous college which the grateful Bishop him- self founded. Those were days of great eccle- siastical splendour, and the immense posses- sions of the see of Winchester supported several palaces and manor-houses which William of Wykeham repaired and restored, such as Wolvesey, Farnham, Southwark, and Bishop's Waltham — all palaces ; with the manor-houses of Merewell, Sutton, High Clere, Esher, War- grave, and Taunton. The first sfone of William of Wykeham's famous school, known as St. Mary's College, was laid in Ottetbourne Mede in 1387 ; New College, Oxford, having been commenced earlier. The cathedral was restored and the high road to London repaired after long neglect by the same improver, a man of great actions, admirable as bishop, statesman, and Christian. He died at the palace of Bishop's Waltham, and men still look with reverence on his recumbent effigy and noble features, knowing how great he was who lies in dust below. We must pass on to later times with some abrupt- ness. Several kings connected with Winchester have been already mentioned. In later times Charles 11. was a frequent visitor here. He brought Nell Gwynne to Winchester, and when Thomas Ken, of this cathe- dral, refused to lodge the lady in his house, Charles had one built for her, which stood as lately as 1S78 in Colebrook Street, near the cathedral. And after- wards, when the See of Bath and Wells fell vacant, Charles inquired, " Where is the good little man who refused poor Nell his lodging ? " and Ken became a' bishop. He was brolher-in-law to Isaac Walton, and, like him, takes rank among the worthies. The verses inscribed on a tablet near Isaac Walton's grave in the north transept of the cathedral were written by him. The noted angler lived some time here at Wolvesley Palace with his friend Bishop Morley, and then moved to the house of his son-in- law, Prebendary Hawkins, in the Close, where he died, old and honoured, after a life devoted to inno- cent pursuits, and to such sweet retirement as all men love to dream of. Gilbert White, of Selborne, led just such a life, unnoticed, but well employed, and therefore happy. In spite of Byron's gibe, the excel- lent angler of the Itchen and the Dove was kind to all created things except worms and fishes t He died in extreme old age, beloved by numerous friends. " His well spent life did last," we read in his epitaph, "full ninety years and past." Returning to Charles II., that chief saunterer among our kings, besides the house already noticed another was built for another of his female friends, the Duchess of Portsmouth, partly remaining in Peter Street. Charles himself was entertained on several occasions by one or another of the greater clergy, by Ken more than once. He liked the place, he enjoyed the healthful downs ia the neighbourhood where he rambled, and the fishing in the Itchen ; ships amused hfm too, and he was always partial to Portsmouth, both the town and Duchess, and Southampton was another place where he enjoyed himself, and both were easily reached from Winchester. Charles there- fore purchased the ruins of the old castle and eight acres of land, and on this site Sir Chris- topher Wren was commissioned to erect a palace, and he had commenced the building when Charles died and the project was abandoned. I cannot refrain from mentioning among many interesting recollections of Winchester that Bishop Patleson, who nobly met his death at the hands of the savage men for whom he had given up country, friends and home, says in his Life^ " I know no such associations as those of Winchester Cathedral." As a little boy he had stopped at the Deanery, where he loved to play in the Dean's garden, known as " Para- dise," within the buttresses of the old grey choir ; and here he sometimes paused in his play and listened with awe and wonder to the solemn chant within. These memorials may not be unfitted to a column where we have often maintained that the giniii! loci forms a heritable feature of every place of interest. Among the notabilities who were buried here, and whose tombs or memorials may be seen in the cathedral, are Cardinal Beaufort, whose capped effigy is in the presbytery with Norman nose and high, proud face, son of John of Gaunt, grandson of Edward III., brother of Henry IV., who died in Winchester at Wolvesley Castle, in 1447, At the im- pressive deathbed scene of the ambitious prelate, a reference to his bad life drew from the king, according to Shakespeare's Henry K/., a well known rebuke and just refieclion. ** So bad a death argues a mon- strous life," says Warwick. The king replies, " For- bear to judge, for we are sinners all. Close up his eyes and draw the curtains close ; and let us all to meditation." Others among the eminent that lie here are William Wayneflete, Bishop of Winchester, Lord Chancellor of England, founder of St. Mary Mag- dalen's College, Oxford ; who died at the same palace at Bishop's Waltham where William of Wykeham expired ; Stephen Gardener, Bishop, Henry VIII. 's Chancellor in the period of his trusting youth, died 1555 ; Miss Mitford of Alresford, authoress of Our yi//ai^^, and her still more eminent con- temporary, Jane Austin, died in 1817, aged 41, having, at that early age delighted tens of thousands, in- cluding Sir Walter Scott, and merited her epitaph, which is as follows: — " She openeth her mouth with wisdom, and in her tongue is the law of kindness." Having omitted Hardicanute he must come in here among the ladies. His grave is at the extreme east end of the cathedral. It might be said of the relentless Cardinal Beaufort, who made no sign when the king implored — " Make signal of thy hope " — that if he had been a gardener and had read the lesson of the spring when the vegetable world resumes its life, he might have felt such faith as shone undimmed in the last moments of John Knox, who as he lay dying, was asked, " Hast thou hope ? " He was past utterance, but he raised his finger, pointed upwards, and so died. I/, E. i^MJ IRIS VARTANI.* I HAD intended to leave the description of this plant to my friend, Mr. J. G. Baker, who has done so much to extend and correct our knowledge of this as of many other genera. But the flower which I purposed to send to him unfortunately failed ; and as blooms may also fail next season I have thought it best, with his approval, to describe the plant myself, while the image of it is still fresh on my mind. The bulbs have reticulate coats, like those of I. reticulata and I. Histrio, but are in shape a longer, more pointed oval, and those bulbs which proved flowering bulbs were smaller than flowering bulbs of I. reticulata. In colour they seemed to be not so silvery-white, but more distinctly of a brownish hue. A flowering bulb produces two leaves, each guarded at its base by two vaginal sheaths, the lower of which is colourless, the upper marked with faint green parallel veins. The leaf itself is about i foot or more long at full growth, 8 or 9 inches or less at flowering time, dark green, tetragonal, with concave sides and sharp angles, the inner side being the smallest, and the outer the largest ; it is twisted once on itself in a long spiral, and ends in an opaque-white sharp point. One of the two leaves is at flowering time 2 or 3 inches shorter than the other. The bud appears between the above two leaves, guarded by a vaginal sheath, which is pointed and colourless, or marked near its apex with a few faint green lines only. The spathe valves, about i^ — 2 inches long, are pointed and colourless, except for a few green veins in their upper part ; one (the lower) is shorter than the other. Tube about 2\ inches, colourless, or faint yellowish- green, slightly constricted below the short perianth funnel. Whole (lower about 3 inches across, not fragrant. Fall, with narrow claw, suddenly enlarging into an ovate-lanceolate blade. In the middle line of the hinder part of the lamina is the crest, which, begin- * Iris Vartani, sp. nov. — Bulbi ovato-acuti, tunicis 6broso- reliculatis : foliis i — 2, flore loDgioribus, tetragonis, faciebus concavit inequalibus : spathx unifloras valvulis linear! acutis : floris sessllis, tubo exserto, limbo pallide lilacino ; perigonii segmenti exteroi lamina ovato-lanceolata lactea, venis pallidis lilacinis crebris, uneue Iineari, cri'-ta (lava, .".pars*? nigro-punciaia obsi;a ; S'-gmenti iiiterni, lamina lilacina lineari-Ianceolata, ungue Imeati. camculata, briiniieo-fl ivj ; slyli cristis, Inngis trian- piilarihus acuiis, mnrglne scirala, Vfnif.que lilacinis con.' I'^^^^^^SB ^SSsBS^^^^^W^^s^^iU^k^^fmm ^b^H^j^ImmIK/ v^^^^i^^^gnn ^^mSS^^fSiM:i:^^M^^''^m^m^^-^^ ^v^^^I^I^HH ^SiUU^^v^WKmiP^^^SmMi^^f^^Sml^^'- ' <^F^\^^iS«^'^aJH7/K: ^■ff|^|^!n,t^^|^K/^^^ ' >sJf ^^•^^HJiOMMttyr ^^^^^I^B^BB ^^Sf^^SMmTU^^^^^Sfi^^^^r'^ > V^vwHrf^^^V^^^Si:^ ^ ^^iWiy^G^ rC^^^^SmiL ^^lEJg^EBSIBB^^Py ^^^^MUSlB^B^^^^MiiM^lS^^'''^- ''^ij^Smti ^^sS^^^^I ^ f^lBM^ ^^^^^BBi ^^^i^flB^«RSN^^^^k!i@^)^^^'^^^^^^ '^-''''^^^iliv^I'^nHHPV^A^Sb'iKwB^TQS H^^^I^^^^H ^^^^H^^^B l^amSS^e^SSiif0W^y'r^f'^KZ^.^^^t-L. ; •CP^^^^MJE'J'^^'^BBtfc^ftijWiijjC J Li IH^HI^^^^^B/ 1 '^^S^^S^^^^S^^^sl^9i^i^BB^M^mK^m^^i'^^^^S^''--^^-^^^Mdi^^^m r Fig. 79.— chrysanthemum la nymphe. (see p. 440.) or other similar material, should be fixed to the rafters, and which should be the exact thickness of the lap, it., ij inch. The weight of glass should be fully 21 oz. to the foot, and if the position be a particularly breezy one, 26 oz. to the foot will not be any too stout. In purchasing the squares, which should be exactly 24 inches long by iS inches wide, care should be exercised to select those only whose edges are perfectly straight and even, and in arranging them on the roof the convex side of the squares should always be placed uppermost, nor should the junction of any two squares be in an exact line with that of the two immediately below them. The wire or other metal clips are usually secured to the purlins by } inch screws, but for many reasons I would recommend flat-headed copper tacks of the same length, as being equally secure and more preferable. I am well aware that many good authorities condemn these dry glazed properly fixed, there need not be any doubt about them answering perfectly. They possess a few important advantages over sashed houses or such as are glazed on to the rafters, inasmuch as there is a gentle stream of air passing through the roof at all times, which effectually prevents the possibility of a stagnant atmosphere, even when the ventilators are closed ; this in Peach forcing is most beneficial. Much less wood is required in forming the roof, the light is consequently greatly increased. Repairs are almost nil, and as there is but little wood exposed to the weather, painting is reduced to a minimum. Ventilation. The internal arrangements have now to be con- sidered. In the first place ventilation should be ample, not only at the apex of the roof, but also along the front of the house, and two 4-inch along the back and ends, so as to ensure a sufficiency of heat in the severest weather without the necessity of having the pipes too hot. Trellises. The form and method of arranging the trel- lises will also have to be considered ; longitudinal ones, describing an arc from the front to the back path and immediately below the glass, are generally preferred, and doubtless when heavy rafters and small squares were in use this was the only arrangement calculated to ensure sufficient light for their successful growth. Since this objection need no longer exist, there is no reason why this form of trellis should be used, as in these modern built houses there is more light admitted at their base than there was in the former ones immediately under the roof. 442 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 4, 1885. This being the case, transverse trellises placed under each rafter at intervals of about 5 feet 6 inches, extending from the front to the back wall, leaving an arch over the back path, not only give an increased surface for training, but by this arrange- ment another great advantage is gained, as the light on the back wall is in no way obstructed, while experience has proved that the fruit at the base of the trees not only swells, but colours and ripens to perfection. Double trellises under each rafter placed about 6 inches apart, and where the trees are placed back to back, have also been tried with the best results, and without any ill effects being perceptible. This of course gives double the amount of training space, a greater number of varieties can be planted, thus ensuring a greater variety, and a much longer succession of fruit. Two shelves can be arranged to the full length of the house along the front, one at the base of the sashes and one imme- diately under the rafters, while two more can be arranged over the back path near the ventilators, and one on the back wall. These five shelves will be exceedingly useful for forcing Strawberries, or for the growth of any other plants needing an intermediate temperature. The preparation of the borders next demands attention, and as this is perhaps the most difficult work to perform, at least to amateurs and young gardeners with but little experience, I must take another opportunity to describe the method of preparing them. T. .i. C ot£8 and llfianinp. ORCHIDS AT LAKE HOUSE, CHELTENHAM. G. Nevile Wyatt, Esq., has a model collection here, which, while containing no failures, can boast of having obtained a great number of victories over subjects which are generally wont to be troublesome, and several of which are now in bloom. Among these may be noted well-floweied plants of the beautiful Oncidium Phalsenopsis, with flowers 2 inches in length and snow-white labellum over \\ inch across — lovely and marvellous sprays of flowers for such tiny plants to bear. One of them has flowers with the petals and base of the labellum heavily blotched with violet, and another is simply dotted over with the same colour. It, as well as all the other of the O, cucuUatum section, is a fine plant for a cold house. O. cucuUatum giganteum, with its large rose-coloured lip, and other fine forms of it, are in bloom and doing equally well. Lrelia harpophylla, too, is a blaze of orange-scarlet, some of the flowers being 3 inches across, and nine on a spike ; they arrange very effec- tively with the beautiful Dendrobium Jamesianum and the magnificent varieties of the snowy waxlike Odontoglossum pulchellum majus. L. harpophylla receives special treatment at Lake House, and as under it weak plants grow into strong ones it may be well to note it. The plants are grown in a still shady corner of the north side of the intermediate-house, where they are liberally watered when growing, and not allowed to get dry when at rest. Want of water and too much sunlight is here supposed to be the commonest causes of failure with this plant. Odonto- glossum Edwardii, which is supposed to be a diffi- cult plant to grow, is producing its heavy sprays of violet-coloured sweet-scented flowers under similar treatment to that given to L. harpophylla, but in a cold house. The principal range is divided into four compart- ments, the first being for East Indian plants, the second for those requiring intermediate temperature, such as some Cypripediums, BoUeas, Pescatoreas, Odontoglossum vexillarium, O. Roezlii, O. Phalre- nopsis, Cymbidiums, &c. ; and the third and fourth to cool Orchids, of which a very sound and clean lot are there established. Among the warm-house plants Aetides Leeanum, Phalasnopsisviolacea, P. grandiflora, P. Schilleriana, and AngrKCum sesquipedale are fine. In the next division the massive white blooms of Cymbidium eburneum, 5 inches across, are superb, and tell well in the contrast with Lselia harpophylla, Odontoglossum pulchellum majus, Cypripedium vil- losum aureum, C. Boxalli, C. Lowii, C. SedenI, C. concolor, C. l«vigatum, and C. insigne and barba- lum varieties. The cool-houses have fine spikes of Odontoglossum Alexandra varieties, O. Andersonia- num, O. bictoniense, O. cirrosum, O. gloriosum, O. Halli (one a grand yellow-lipped variety, with eighteen flowers on a spike), O. Hallii, leucoglossum, O. Insleayi, O. roseum, G. Rossi majus and rubescens, O. Oerstedii, O. Pescatorei, and the beautiful O, Sanderianum, with its fine branched spike of sweet- scented flowers, which are like a good odoratum, with blandum lip. The Oncidium cucuUatum varieties, O. dasytyle, many scarlet Sophronitis, Masdevallia ignea, M. ignea rubescens, M. chimsera, and well- flowered Lycastes are also in excellent form. Another span-roofed range, 43 feet by 13 feet, in two compartments, contains the Dendrobes ; in the warmer half among them, well in bloom, being many good D. Wardianum, D. nobile, D, Fytchianum, fine forms of D. infundibulum, and D. Jamesianum, D. cretaceum, D. Findlayanum, D. fimbriatum, D. crassi- node, D. luteolum, and D. chrysotoxum. In the cooler division, Vandas, Lslias, &c., are grown. In it Cymbidium Lowianum has four fine spikes of eighteen to twenty flowers each, and the Coelogyne cristata, Trentham and Chatsworth vars., are very fine, some of the flower-spikes of the latter bearing seven flowers. The Cattleyahouse, 35 feet long, has some fine forms of C. Trianse, C. Percivaliana, and C. Walkeriana in flower and a good show of buds, sheaths, and clean healthy foliage. The plant-houses and vineries at Lake House also contain various Orchids, including Dendrobium bigibbum and D. BensoniK. and nt one end of the Melon and Cucumber-house, over a tank of water, Dendrobium Dalhousianum thrives wonder- fully well, having growths on it about 6 feet high. Peristeria elata (the Dove Orchid) also grows and flowers well in the same. The Azalea-house is used for resting Dendrobes, &c. Everything which comes into Mr. T. Simcoe's (the gardener) hands seems to be so sensibly and skilfully treated that it at once settles comfortably down, and in due lime gives its flowers in more than usual profusion as a reward for the care bestowed on it— as witness the grand speci- men of Dendrobium Falconeri growing on a tree Fern stump which sometimes bears nearly 300 of its large showy flowers ; the superbly bloomed D. superbiens, D. bigibbum, D. Fytchianum, D. Jamesianum, Epi- dendrum bicornutum, and many other things which certainly want good culture to grow and flower well. Orchids in Flower at the York Nurseries. When walking through the houses at the Messrs. Backhouse's lately, I was particularly struck by the fine display of flowers of Cattleya Trianae in the large Cattleya-house, which has been described in your columns on several occasions. The plants are grown, as has been aforetime stated, on the non-shading system. I am informed the percentage of bloom- sheaths is larger than usual this year, thus proving that the late hot summer has not in any way injured the plants, as was feared by some orchidists who visit these nurseries in the summer season. It is perhaps only right to mention that the plants are much further from the glass than is general in smaller houses that do not let in such a flood of light and that an abun- dance of air is given when the weather is at all favourable. There were about 800 flowers open when I was in, amongst them were some very fine varieties, one named " magnifica " being especially so. It is a fine bold flower, with pinkish-rose petals and sepals, and a splendid magenta-purplish coloured lip with a handsomely frilled white margin, the flowers were fully 8 inches across, and the plant had nine flowers open in an Sinch pot. Amongst other Cattleyas there were fine varieties of venosa, aureum, and citrina, the latter growing on small blocks hung up near the glass in an intermediate-house, and here Lselias of sorts were in good health. In the same house were also a fine batch of Cymbidium eburneum in bloom. In the Odontoglossum-house I noticed some very fine varieties of O. crispum and Pescatorea, and the plants generally were in a good healthy state. H. 7. C. Orchids in Flower at Kingsbury House, Shortlands : E. Harrison, Esq. A grand display of Cattleyas is now in flower in the houses here — between 200 and 300 expanded flowers in one house — the greater part of which are of the Triana; section. The innumerable varieties vary considerably, some having the fine form of C. chocoensis, one particularly noticeable being a white form, very fine ; C. Warscewiczii also is open, some C. Mossite also ; amongst others, several fine forms of Cattleya citrina, Lycaste Skinneri, Tricho- pilia suavis, Odontoglossum Roezlii and pulchellum, Bletia hyacintha and Coelogyne cristata. In the cool house some fine varieties in great number of Odontoglossum Alexandrje, O. Rossi majus, some very good, deep, well-marked varieties ; good O. gloriosum and O. triumphans, and a fine form of O. Andersonianum. There area great many spikes showing, and a good display will be kept up for some time. This collection is doing remarkably well, and of late years has been very much increased. Great credit is due to Mr. King, the head gardener, for the practical manner he handles this collection. A. 0. FOf\ESTr\Y. —t — NURSERY WORK FOR APRIL. The present month may be considered that in which the annual routine of forest work should be wound up for the year, but as, in all probability, there will be arrears in various departments, no effort should be spared to get these attended to before com- mencing the important operation of bark stripping. Nursery work will still demand great attention to finish the sowing of seeds, the transplanting ol seedlings, and grafting of ornamental trees. As a guide to seed sowing we may state that about 1000 seedling plants to the square yard is considered ample nursery space ; also that a sample of coni- ferous seeds of average quality under favourable circumstances produces about two-thirds of good germinating seeds. The number of seeds contained in I lb. each of the different kinds is about as follows :— Larch, 64,000 ; Scotch Fir, 69,000 ; Pinus austriaca, 24,000; P. Strobus, 31,000; P. Pinaster, 11,000. Pruning. The pruning of all evergreens should be completed as soon as possible, and, as has been before stated under this heading, every precaution ought to be taken to pervent cattle, horses, or sheep, getting access to the prunings. Yew and Laurel or Rhodo- dendron trimmings are especially dangerous, more particularly when in a half- withered state, and should be burned as the work of pruning proceeds. Remove Ivy from trees, walls, and other objectionable places, and where an annual trimming or pruning is given, the present will be found the best time to proceed with the work. Prune off dead and twisted branches, and paint the wound, after being carefully dressed with an adze or sharp knife, with tar or one of the several compositions specially prepared for the pur- pose. All rival leaders on coniferous and other trees should now be removed, as well as straggling side branches, so as to produce a well balanced head. In the nursery management of trees pruning is too often neglected, but this should not be so either as regards branch or (in the case of several hard- woods, notably the Oak) root. Fencing. The duties of the fencers will now be many and varied, such as the guarding of newly planted trees and shrubs against the attacks of hares and rabbits, staking or wiring of recent transplants, reparation of tree-guards, and attending to plantation fences gene- rally. Rabbits and hares have a particular relish for trees when newly transplanted from the nursery border, and it requires the utmost vigilance on many estates to guard against their depredations. Surrounding the clumps or single trees with wire net- ting is certainly the most effectual preventive against injury by game, but where extensive planting is engaged in from year to year this method is both troublesome and expensive. In the case of shrubs, we find it a good plan to stick a few branches amongst them, which are painted with tar every week, the smell being a powerful agent in keeping these pests at bay. Tariing the stems of trees and shrubs is highly objectionable, not only as regards the injurious effect on the plant's system, but from a point of appearance as well. Hedging. Hedges of various kinds may still be formed, but the Hawthorn, being of early growth, should not now be disturbed. Holly, where care is taken in the removal, may now be planted with success, as well as Yew, Box, Privet, Berberis of various kinds, the Ma- honia, Laurustious, and American Arbor-vita:. For lawn or nursery purposes we find the Yew and Arbor- vitse of great value, but the former should never be ArRiL 4, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 443 planted wilhin access of farm stock. Neglected or overgrown fences may now be cut over with advantage, but the sooner the better. Clean by hoeing or slightly forking over the sides of existing fences, which will materially assist in the producing of strong useful hedges. A. D.lVcbskr, Fciirhyn Casilt, Nurth IVala. }i\ mmt\ .\ N N U .\ L S . This is the best time to sow seeds of all the many kinds of hardy and half-hardy annuals. Many of these are so beautiful, especially the many improved and new varieties, but far too numerous to mention in this notice ; nor is it necessary, as they can be readily ascertained in seedsmen's catalogues. Of such things the tenderer kinds should be sown in pans or boxes, and placed in gentle heat, and when large enough they should be pricked off into other boxes or frames. The border kinds may be sown thinly in cold frames, and afterwards singled out, or they may also be pricked out. Many hardy kinds may be sown in the open flower-beds or borders at once. Some Varieties of Annuals. Amongst the most beautiful of the hardy annuals are the Clarkias, C. pulchella, C. integripetala, and C. marginata. These either sown now and carefully pricked oft', or sown where they are to stand, make fine telling plants. Thus grown they look far better than when dotted all over the herbaceous and shrub- bery borders in little patches, where the effect is frittered away by endless and unmeaning repetition. Salpiglossis variabilis, in many fine varieties, is well worth growing. They are rather tall, and the mark- ings of the trumpet-shaped blooms make them very beautiful additions to any garden. Scabiosa in many varieties should not be forgotten ; these are good also for late autumn and winter in pots in the greenhouse. Verbena hybrida make pretty small beds, where masses of one colour are not required, the plants being very floriferous, possessing a more robust constitution than those from cuttings. Acroclinium album, Alonzoa Warscewiczii, the several varieties of Anagallis, of charming blue, lilac, and scarlet, are useful for rock- work and small beds ; Browallia elata, either for pots or groups ; Eucharidium grandiflorum, a miniature Clarkia, growing about 9 inches high, dark red, use- ful for margins and small beds ; Cosmidium Burridgea- num, like brown velvet, with a golden edge ; Eschscholtzia, in white, yellow, and rose, are useful things for beds and borders ; Tagetes patula nana, T. lucida, T. signata pumila, the latter very floriferous, and well adapted for margins and small beds. General Work. The weather has been most favourable for com- pleting all necessary work in this department ; if any still remains to be done no time should be lost in com- pleting it. Shrub pruning, turf laying, the sowing of grass seeds, edging and gravelling the walks, should now be finished, mowing being now at hand, which will leave but little time for the execution of such without neglecting the usual routine work. No- thing tends to enhance the beauty of a garden more than well kept lawns and walks. All recently planted trees and shrubs should be carefully looked to, and if loosened by the late gales they should be securely staked and fastened, and if not already mulched this should be done at once. W. Smylhe, The Gardens, Basing Park, Alton. m\\i% and i\^\\ ^^ultuiif. BoRONiA megastigma wiil now be opening its deliciously scented flowers. Do not let this plant be exposed, particularly at this period, to currents of cold air. As soon as it is past its flowering stage and has been slightly rested it should be pruned, similarly to Epacris. A little later on Aotus gracil- limus will need the like treatment. As soon as all of these plants that we have advised to be cut back are fairly broken into fresh growth the potting of such as need it should be seen to at once. Sound fibrous peat and silver sand should form the chief materials in the mixture used for them, and firm potting must always be practised. I always keep the plants at this season of the year in a late vinery, which will now soon be closed, the treatment given to the Vines suiting these plants for the next few weeks. Later on, when the temperature has become higher, they must be removed, to prevent weak growth. Retarding Greenhouse Plants. It will often happen about this season of the year that a large quantity of flowering plants wil! advance more rapidly than is desirable, causing for a while an overabundance of flower. In order to obviate this, some of the hardier plants should be retarded by as cool a course of culture as is safe in each respective case, Indian Azaleas will be secure in any place where the frost can be just excluded. A late batch of these is always welcome at the end of May and the early part of June. A north house or cold pits having the jame aspect are useful for such purpos^^s. In the latter a late batch of Cinerarias could be kept back, along with various other things. Having an extra good number of Lachenalia tricolor this season I have transferred a portion to a cold frame, finding this beautiful bulbous plant very durable as well as being suitable for our conservatory. The latest of the Dutch bulbs, Spirrea (Hoteia) japonica, Dielytra spectabilis, and other early spring blooming plants should likewise be kept in check as much as possible, as a late batch is frequently the most useful. It is not safe, however, to retard Deutzia gracilis, as this useful early shrub does not develope such fine spikes of flower if kept too cool. Azalea mollis, and the late flowering Rhododendrons can always be kept in check with safety, and a few pot Roses are also useful when allowed to bloom just before those of outdoors. Soft-wooded Greenhouse Plants. Many of these will now need extra attention, the Pelargoniums in various stages particularly so. These should have all the light possible and be kept near the glass, but this cannot always be done, and in such cases it is therefore best to keep them on the shelves as long as they do not touch the glass. When they are seen to be knoling for flower a liberal amount of manure water will be of much service. Fuchsias, if not already started into growth and repotted, should be seen to at once. Aphides will now become more troublesome among the greenhouse stock ; a sharp watch need be kept against their increase. It will be found far better for the plants to give occasional doses than to leave this work till the enormous increase of the pests compels strong fumigation, &c., to be resorted to for their destruction. James Hudson^ Gunnersbury House Gardens, Jhe ^\nzR^. THE BORDERS IN THE EARLY HOUSES. The Grapes in early started vineries will now be near the time when they will take the final growth ; before this proceeds it is very important to be well assured that the inside borders are in a proper state, and especially as regards moisture ; therefore without unnecessarily disturbing many roots this should be ascertained. As Vines at this period need even more nourishment and support than at almost any other time, unless this matter is duly attended to it cannot reasonably be expected that they will perfect the fruit in the way desired — in fact, it is a customary practice to give liberal supplies of much diluted guano or other stimulants in water in a tepid state at this period every year, and no harm can possibly ensue if the drainage of the border is perfect and permits the excess to pass away freely. By this time the surface- dressing of manure ought to be well permeated with the feeding roots ; if this is so, the material should be moderately watered as often as necessary, to prevent it becoming-at all dry. Ventilation. The slate of the weather will, at this season, often render a considerable amount of fire-heat indispensable — so much so that at certain times the heat at night would be excessively high, which should be avoided as far as possible during the time the Grapes are colouring, and counteracted by means of a chink of air being left on throughout the night when the thermometer will not fall below 60° at daybreak, when the ventilators should be closed until such time as the temperature regains 70° ; at this point it should be put on again, and be gradually increased as the tempera- ture rises to 85° or 90°. At this point a little air should be admitted at the front ventilators ; as the heat declines the quantity of air should be reduced in like manner, and the house be closed at 80°, when all suitable sarfaces in it should be sprinkled over, but not in a way to overcharge the atmosphere with moisture. Succession-houses. In these the Vines, aided by solar heal carefully economised, will push forth leaves and make growth rapidly. In order to secure a sturdy habit with com- pact br.inches the houses should be freely ventilated. We strive to keep a little air on constantly at the apex of these houses, and do so unless the thermo- meter goes below 55°, when it is better to close for a time, and at 65° have all the ventilators opened. These consist of openings in front and at the top of about iS inches square, which are gradually shut as the day declines, and the front ones entirely closed in the evening at about 6 o'clock. As soon as the Vines come into flower we keep the houses considerably warmer, and later apply the same treatment as recom- mended for early vineries, only giving more air con- siderably at all limes when it can be done without ill effects. Attend regularly to stopping the shoots before they become strong. We pinch these at the second leaf above the lowest bunch, and remove the laterals entirely below it, and slop those above at the first or second leaf according to the vigour of the foliage, and to fill up any vacant space over the trellis; These, as well as the terminal shoots, are allowed to extend further where space admits. Give timely attention to thinning, which should be begun at the earliest moment possible in order to keep the matter well in hand, and to promote a sturdy growth in the foot-stalks of the berries. Moderately sprinkle over the borders about twice every day, and see that those inside borders do liot want for water. G, T. Miles, IVycomhc Abbey, ASPAR,\GUS PLANTING. The roots will soon be commencing growth, which should determine the time of transplanting and form- ing new beds. When moving them spread the roots out well in their new position before placing on them any soil, which should be well worked amongst them with the hand, making it quite firm immediately around each plant as it is placed in its new position, then cover the roots to a depth of 3 or 4 inches. A good mulch of rotten manure should be given before the shoots come through the soil. Finely crushed bones is a capital manuring, and should always be applied above the roots as a lop-dressing. Beetroot. A few rows may now be sown for early autumn use, but the main crop to supply roots for use throughout the ensuing winter and spring should not be sown till the first or second week in May. To obtain proper sized roots for salad purposes a somewhat poor piece of ground is best, which should receive a dressing of soot and salt, applied a short time before the seed is sown. It is difficult during rainy seasons, even after late sowing, to prevent the roots getting loo large. Large coarse roots, usually the result of early sowing, are generally light in colour and stringy. French Beans. A sowing should be made about the middle of this month, in a sunny position. Allow plenty of space between the rows, to secure room for moving between them when fully grown to gather the crop. One yard is none too much for varieties such as Canadian Wonder, A larger sowing should be made at the end of the month. G. H. Richards, Somerley Gardens, Kingwood, The Trumpet of Judgment. — According to the Monileur d" Horticulture, Datura arborea is called in France, *'Trompette du jugement dernier,'' in allusion to its large white flowers. Of the two, w<| prefer the Latin name. 444 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 4, 1885. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Wednesday, r Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society's ' lays). and Bulbs, at Stevens ( Royal Caledonian Hor a-,11 rJ ^P'inE Shnw (two day '^P"' °1 Sale of Hardy i'lants an t Rooms. f Sale of Carnations, Picritees, Roses, &c., at the City Auction Rooms 31* and ^o. Grace- , I, J church street, E.C., by Protheroe & TbUKSDAV, April 9.^ Morris I Sate of Importeti Orchids, at Stevens' I, Rooms. . ., f Sale of Valuable Imported Orchids, at FmuAV, April 10 | p,otheroc & Morris' Rooms , ., I General Meeting of the Royal Botanic So- SaiURDAV, April II I ^.^ly^ J, 3 ,5 l^ THE schedules of prizes offered by the Royal Horticultural Society at the series of exhibitions of plants, flowers, fruits, and vegetables, arranged to be held in the great conservatory at South Kensington during the present year, have been distributed, and doubt- less have bt;en scanned with no inconsiderable interest in many a gardener's home. That many othtrr societies hold much larger exhibi- tions is indisputable, but no other society holds at least so many shows in the season, nor do any other shows create so much national interest, or secure higher average quality in the exhibits. Apart from the fact that these shows are held in connection with the Royal Horticultural Society, they derive special interest and pres- tige from the place in which they are held, and their association with those remarkable and truly international exhibitions now being held annually at South Kensington, and which are visited by such numbers of the people. Thus it happens that the garden produce exhibited in competition or otherwise at South Kensington during the summer months is seen by such myriads of visitors that even in that respect alone horticulture should derive stimulus and benefit from the Royal Horticultural Society's exhibitions. Last year, without doubt, the series of exhi- bitions held in the conservatory under the control of the Council, but really through the liberality of the Healtheries' Committee— of which that e.xcellent amateur gardener, the Duke of Buckingham, was chairman- pre- sented on the part of South Kensington, a new departure, the which, it is satisfactory to find, is this year to be well maintained- In some respects the shows of the present year will prove to the gardener more interesting, because Ihey are not so entirely as last year laid in familiar lines. Then, to be en rapport with the Healtheries, it was largely essential that the hor- ticultural products should be in the form of food ; hence, many of the shows displayed monotony in the exhibits. This year more variety is introduced, as, for instance, one show— that of June 9, is entirely devoted to those aristocratic exotic flowers, Or- chids i and no doubt the liberal prizes offered will be instrumental in bringing together some beauti- ful collections. Some of our readers, perchance, will remark with surprise that the anticipated Orchid Conference of two days' duration is to be held a month earlier, and not on the date of the Orchid show, but there may be good reasons for such an arrangement— amongst others, perhaps, the instructive fact that the Conference will doubtless create an attractive exhibition without much pecuniary aid. The shows of the Auricula and Carnation Societies come in as in previous years, and to the latter is added a number of attractive prizes for Begonias and other allied plants, so that these now exceedingly popular summer flowers may then be looked for in fine form. We have yet to see what Begonias can produce in the way of specimen plants, and hope then to have the desire to some extent gratified. The National Rose Society also holds its London show again at South Kensington this year, so that the queen of flowers will reign supreme in the conservatory for one day at least. A cot- tagers' show is also fixed for August 25, and remembering the remarkable success which attended last year's display of such garden produce, can but rejoice the cottagers of the country are to have another chance. Probably some who saw last year's show thought that if this is the product of cottage gardens our pro- fessional growers must look to their laurels. It is to be hoped that in all cases the exhibitors really were what they professed to be, and that their produce was genuinely home-grown. To gardeners generally, however, there can be little doubt that chief interest will centre round the three last shows of the schedule, and specially to the one of September S and 9, which is devoted to Crapes and Dahlias. Curiously enough— and the departure is one to rejoice over in this case— there are no collec- tions of Grapes, therefore there are no special gifts for the few big growers. There are no less than twenty-six classes for named kinds of Grapes, and one other for " any other variety " after the twenty-six kinds have been staged. Well, some other kind may be produced, it is true, but we fancy the compilers ot the schedule were, in arranging this latter class, indulging in a quiet chuckle anticipatory of the ''other varieties " proving to be one or other of those previously scheduled. Perhaps exception will be taken to thus giving, as it were, tacit en- couragement to so many kinds of Grapes, not a few of which are of no great merit. It is obvious, however, that the classes are intended to have an educational result, and it is hoped may lead to much needlul revision in Grape nomenclature. In some classes, no doubt, the competition will be large, in others indifferent. According to the list of prizes good classes and bad ones are to fare alike, but it is hoped that, should some fail 10 fill well, the savings will be beslowed in the form of extra prizes where the compe- tition is large and good. The show of October 13 and 14 is devoted to Apples and Pears, and, having regard to the present fruit prospects, a really grand display of these serviceable fruits may be looked for. Ihat there are fifteen single dish classes in each section of fruits shows that the compe- tition will be varied, and produced from a wide area. The other October show, devoted chiefly to vegetables, is to be associated wiih a Potato Conference, of which more perhaps is expected than will be realised, in any case this snow of edible garden produce will fitly close the season, and will doubtless not be the least popular one. Thk Royal Horticultural Society has issued the following programme of the Orchid Conference, to be held [in ihe Conservatory] at South Kensington on Tuesday and Wednesday, May 12 and 13, 1885 :— The Exhibition. Programme of the Exhibition (open to Fellows at noon on May 12, and at 10 a.m. on May 13)— Class I. Collections of Orchids in flower. With a view to economy of space, exhibitors are requested to show duplicates as little as possible. Class II. 1. Species and varieties ot the genera Catlleya and Lselia, 2. ,, ,, genus Odonioglossum. 3. ,, ,, ,> Masdtivallia. 3. .1 >> -I Cypripcdium. Closi III. 1. Species and varieties of the genus Oncidium. 2. ,, II .. Epidendrura. 3. I, ,, II Dendrobium. 4. ,, ,, ,1 Vanda. Saccola- biumi Aerides, and Slanhopea. Class IV. — Single plants of any Orchid. Class V. Hybrid Orchids — i. e. , those raised by cross fertilisation. It is hoped that the parents will be shown, if possible, with the hybrid. Class VI.— Orchids in fruit. Class VII. 1. Orchids indigenous to Great Britain. 2. Hardy Orchids from any other countries. 3. Cut flowers of Orchids. In order to ensure uniformity and accuracy, it is requested that the plants exhibited bear the labels which have been specially prepared for this Conference, and with which, through the kindness of Mr. PoUelt, the Society is prepared to provide the exhibitors. Exhi- bitors are requested to apply for these at the Society's office on or belore May r, giving the exact name of the plants which they intend to exhibit [on a form to be had on application to the Secretary]. Class VIII. Materials, such as sphagnum and other mosses, peat and other soils, baskets, rafts, pots, pans, labels, &c., used in the cultivation of Orchids. The Conference. Programme of the Conference, Wednesday, May 13, at 10.30 a.m. : — • Introductory remarks by the President. 1. Communication Irom Professor Reichenbach. 2. Discussion on the Hybridisation of Orchids. Open- ing paper by Mr. Harry Veitcb, F.L.S. 3. Discussion on the Culuvation ol Orchids. Opening paper by ]. O Brien. 4. Discussion on the Nomenclature of Orchids. N.B.— Two Veilch Memorial .Medals will be awarded at the Conference on the recommendation ol the com- mittee. The following gentlemen are members of the Orchid Conference committee : — Colonel Beddome, Hon. and Rev. J. T. Boscawen, J. C. Bowring. W. E. Brymer, M.P., The Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P.. |ohn Day, W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.RS., Sir Nathaniel De Rothschild, Bart.. M.P., Professor Michael Foster, F. R.ti., Holbrook Gaskell, George Hardy, E. Harvey, ]. S. Hirst, Sir Trevor Lawrence, bart., M.P., William Lee (of Downside), Major F. Mason, Rev. John B. Norman, Alexander Paierson, M.D., Frederick A. Philbritk, Q.C., Baron Schrodet, W. Thompson. The Dinner. The Conference Committee have arranged for a dinner in connection with the Conference, to take place at the " Albion," Aldcr.'gate Street, 00 Tues- day, May 12, at 6.30 for 7 o'clock piecisely. Gentle- men wishing 10 be present are requested 10 send iheit names to W. Lee, Eq., Downside, Leathctbead, on or belore Friday, May S. The Daffodil Committee.— In order that the Daffodil Cuminutee, at its mctting at the Royal Horticultural Society, on Tuesday, April 14, may have an oppoitunity of examining as many new forms of Dalfudil as possible, it is hoped that amateuis and others will not be Inghiened by ihe larger collections ol the growers, but will send up any loiins which they think to be new, even if they arc able to send one form only. Mr. Bakkon will take care that all luch sendings are duly attended to. The Haarlem Bulb Show.— We have received the following letter iium Messrs. BwoET: — " We felt much surprised at reading ihe report of the Quinquennial lixhibition at Haarleui, in No. 587 of the Gjrdeiiers' Chronicle, p. 4r4, and iully trusting to your impartiality in such matters, we take the liberty of requesting you to insert the lollowing rectification in the next number o( your paper. "Not Messrs. ]. H. Kersten & Co. were the prin- cipal prize-takcrs, but Messrs. UtBKOEDEKS BvvotT. " The highest prize was not awaided lor cUss No. I of the schedule, but lor class No. 9, being a Gold Medal and so fl. ; and the Hyacinths wherewiUi Gebkoedf.rs BvvuET got the ist prize in this class were universally pronounced the best of the entire exhibition. " Excepting one class, in which Messrs. KERSTEN were 1st, Messrs. BVVOET secured the ist prizes (seven Gold Medals) in all the principal classes for Hyacinths, and obtdined the Gold Champion Medal given by the ' Gartenbau.Verein,' at Hietzing, near Vienna, to the highest prize-taker for Hyacinths at this exhibition. " Gebroeders Byvoet." We regret the occurrence of the errors in question, which are attributable to our scanty knowltdge of the Dutch language. We trust that on another occasion an abstract of the schedule and prize list be given in French or English. Pears from the Cape.— This fruit is being consigned to our markets now, some of it in fairly good condition, so that the seasons for Pears will pro- bably overlap each other, or nearly so. We are indebted to Mr. Webber, of Covent Garden, lor this information, that gentleman having brought for our inspection fiuits of htani Supertin and Glou Mor. April 4, 1885.) THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 445 Fig. 80.— lMPATIE^s hookeriana : fluwers white, with crimson spots, (see t, 446.) 446 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [April 4, 1885. 9eau. The former Esa been sent in rather too tipe a state, and, being unskilfully packed, had suffered in consequence. The latter, not nearly ripe, was almost unhurt by the long journey, and both were of fair size, with clear healthy rind. Cinerarias at Woodside, Farnham Royal. — It is not too much to say that in the work of improving the Cineraria, extending over the last twelve or fifteen years, Mr. J. James has made a mark beyond all contemporary florists. As a leading and successful exhibitor of Cinerarias some years ago Mr. James found the tall growing types then in cul- tivation somewhat inconvenient for the purpose, as there was a necessity for so much tying down and out in order to secure a symmetrical shape. It is true we were then getting from the Continent a dwarf strain of Cinerarias, but they were not suited for exhibition purposes, as the fiowers were by no means up to the standard of form then prevailing among our home strains. Mr. James had already made some head- way in the direction of procuring better formed and stouter flowers, and it occurred to him that if he could add somewhat to the dwarf and then almost pigmy growth of the Continental strains, but keeping it reasonably short and at the same time vigorous, and also develope in plants of this character flowers of the finest form, texture, and brilliant colours, he would attain to something of a highly valuable nature. That he has succeeded even beyond his most sanguine expectations was shown at the last meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society by the presence of a large batch from Woodside. Nothing was wanting in point of habit ; the flowers were very large, remarkably stout, brilliantly coloured, and produced in what must be considered wonderful heads of bloom. For market and decorative pur- poses the strain can scarcely be improved upon ; but the florist — that somewhat troublesome person who may be old-Iashioned and far behind in the march of progress in a certain direction — could not look upon this strain with satisfaction, for with size had come coarseness and roughness, the presence of which is apparent to no one in such a pointed manner as it is to Mr. James himself. He deserves great credit for what he has done, but he regards it only as an earnest of what he hopes to do in the future. A recent visit to Woodside enabled us to see not a few of the seedlings both of last and present year. No spot could be more appropriate for the culture of this valuable spring-flowering greenhouse plant. There is a pure air pregnant with breezy influences drawn from the woods and open fields, with not a taint of smoke to rob it of an atom of fitness ; and high up near to the verge of the famous Burnham Beeches, from which one may be said to look down upon Windsor Castle lying some 8 miles southwards, no fog or damp can scarcely come. There is an abundance of turf from the gravelled country road sides, so gritty as not to need any admixture of sand ; there is the best of leaf-mould from the beechen woods, and from the domain of Dropmore, lying a short distance off. Tea Roses at Harefield Grove. — How largely these are grown by Mr. J. Gough for cutting purposes is evidenced by the fact that at the present time there may be seen in two houses some 3000 plants in pots in 24 and 32-sizes, and all in the very best condition. About 1000 of this number consists of the following varieties : — Isabella Sprunt, Niphetos, Madame Falcot, Perle des Jardins, and Safrano. In addition there are all the leading varieties of Tea Roses. Etoile de Lyon, beautiful as it is, is of little value for indoor culture. Cutting commences early in January, and it is continued for about eight months in the year. In March the plants are top-dressed with some rich soil, and later on liquid manure is occasionally given. These Rose-houses appear admir- ably adapted for the culture of Tea Roses, and the plants are well attended to at all stages. On the back walls Mar^chal Niel is planted out, where it grows and flowers with great freedom, Shoreham Place, Sevenoaks— The houses in the above gardens ate now looking remarkably well. TheOrchid'house contains many good plants in flower, notably some good Cattleya Trianx var., Ccelogyne cristata, various Calanthes, a grand wcU-flowered piece of Dendrochilum glumaceum, suspended from the roof ; Dendrobium nobile, Wardianum, and heterocarpum ; Lycaste Skinneri, Lselia albida, Odontoglossums in variety ; these, with some well- flowered Anthurium Scherzerianum, and various foliage plants mixed with Ferns, beautifully arranged, produce a nice effect. At this time of year the green- houses are very gay with Cinerarias, Azalea indica and mollis. Ericas, Epacris, Primulas, and some well- flowered Cliveas, and other plants, well arranged, and looking remarkably well. The Rose-house is showing a fine crop of flowers, the other various departments being likewise well done. Peaches, Vines, &c., promise to repay Mr. BuRT, the Head Gardener, for his pains in a very satisfactory manner. Gardeners' and Amateurs' Mutual Improvement Society, Westerham. — The spring show of the above Society was held at the King's Arms Hotel, Westerham, on Thursday, March 26, the various plants and flowers exhibited reflecting great credit upon the exhibitors. It is a great pity the Society could not find a more convenient place, as the exhibits were far too much crowded — in fact, the show is well worthy of being held in a much better place. Hyacinths, Narcissus, and Tulips, were shown well, and a keen competition took place. The Cinerarias were very fine, as were also the Deutzias and Cyclamen ; cut flowers were also well represented — in fact, the only drawback was the want of space to show things off better, Euonymus jafonicus. — We have frequently had occasion to note this shrub as one of the best, probably the best evergreen shrub for the sea coast, but till this year we had no idea of the extreme brilli- ancy of a particular variety, the young shoots and leaves of which are at this season of a brilliant golden- yellow colour, but which later on assume the deep rich green colour characteristic of the species. The gardens and plantations at Folkestone are at this moment resplendent with the golden radiance of this variety, which, when mixed judiciously with the ordi- nary kind, produces a splendid eftect. Another fine golden shrub which will thrive in similar situations is Spiisea opulifolia aurea. Mr. B. S. Williams' Nursery. — There is a capital show of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, and Cyclamen to be seen at this nursery. The plants are arranged on the side benches in the big show- house, and consist mainly of tried old kinds, with a few new ones intermingled. Amongst the Poly- anthus varieties of Narcissi, Jaune Supreme was specially good. The Amaryllis at this nursery are coming into bloom in great numbers, exhibiting much variety in tint and form, and the display of Orchid bloom will be very abundant, judged by the great numbers of spikes appearing on Cattleyas, Vandas, &c. Harefield Grove, Uxbridge : Dinner to Employes. — A large number of workmen being em- ployed in adding materially to the already extensive glass erections of this place, these, together with the gardeners of all degrees engaged on the place, were entertained at dinner by George Webster, Esq., on the 25th ult., about 140 persons sitting down to an admirable dinner provided in the grounds. Mr. E. Bennett, of Potters Bar, was in the chair, Mr. J. Gough, the Head Gardener at the Grove, being Vice- Chairman, Thecompanyincludedsomevisitors, among them being Mr. B. S. Williams, Ilolloway ; Mr. W. Dean, Walsall ; Mr. J. C. Mundell, Moor Park'; Mr. G. J. Brush, High Grove ; Mr. R. Dean, Ealing ; and others. Testimony was borne to the liberality of Mr. Webster, and also to the admirable manner in which the gardens are managed by Mr, Gough. During the past year considerable additions have been made to the glass erections, and further additions are contemplated. It is already one of the most extensive places of the kind in the county of Middlesex. Frost in the North. — A correspondent informs us that on the morning of March 31, the thermometer registered 9° of frost at Ulverstone. Gardening Appointments. — Mr. John Lane, of the Loughborough Old Nurseries, as Gar- dener at The Brand, near Loughborough. — Mr. Hamsher, late of The Brand, Loughborough, as Gardener at Beau Manor Park, succeeding Mr. Maclean, who is resigning after forty years' service, and is liberally provided for by the family he so faithfully served. IMPATIENS HOOKERIANA. The flowering of this very handsome species— perhaps the largest flowered of all — is so rare, that a note of the culture of the plant in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, which produced the specimen here illustrated (iig. So), may be of in- terest. It has lately flowered at Kew, but from the fact that it may grow and flourish in leafage for years without flowering, it has probably been the subject there of special culture. From Cambridge experience I find that it is by no means easily flowered, for last year we had a fine plant which produced buds only, that failed to reach any considerable size, and it, like our specimen of this year, was the recipient of every care and attention. We have now a plant 4 feet across and 2 feet high which has produced about forty flowers, during a period of about three weeks — sixteen flowers being the largest number open at one time. The cutting was struck in February and the plant was grown on till May, it was then rested in a greenhouse and kept fairly dry until September, when it was started, without repotting, on a shelf near the glass in the warm Orchid-house. When shifted the last time it was potted rather low down, so that the lower branches might root into the soil, which they had shown inclination to do ; and now from this lowering in the soil the specimen presents the appearance of being made up of several plants. The main features of successful culture appear to consist in a period of thorough rest, and the giving of that liberal treatment which all Balsams love, during the season of growth. The reason why the buds of our plant did not mature last year is probably that culture in the spring was not commenced early enough. The result above described has been attained by the special care and attention devoted by Mr. A. Cowan, the foreman of these gardens. Impatiens Hookeriana was introduced to Kew by seeds from Ceylon, sent by the late Dr. Thwailes. It was flowered at Kew in 1S23, and a figure was published in the Botanical Magazine, t. 4704. The umbels are described as producing from four to six flowers, but in no case had we more than five. The flowers are chiefly white, but spotted and clouded with blood-red on the lower part of the flower towards the orifice leading to the spur. Including the spur the flowers are 3 inches in vertical diameter ; without that addition they measure 2 inches, and they are 1 4 inch across. Our illustration shows their fine character. R. Irwin Lynch, FRUIT NOTES. King of the Pippins Apple.— I, like your corre- spondent Thos. Jones, was surprised that the Apple Congress should decide by such a large majority in favour of the above Apple. I take great interest in Apple culture, and have had great opportunity of testing the quality of Apples grown in the Midland Counties, and am of opinion that King of the Pippins as a dessert Apple is quite third-rate; its principal point is appearance, but even in that it is distanced by many, among others Wyken Pippin, which is superior in appearance, aroma, sugar, and market value. Cox's Orange Pippin is certainly one of the very best dessert Apples all round in this locality for crop, shape of fruit, and flavour. John Pope. Frontignan Grapes. How seldom one sees our old friends, Grizzly Frontignan, Chasselas Musque, and Purple Con- stantia, at horticultural shows ; and yet in flavour they are simply exquisite. Many country gentlemen will not allow any other Grapes to appear at dessert whilst the Fronlignans are in season, as they prefer perfume and flavour to mere size. The new Grape, Dr. Hogg, and Purple Constantia, are, like all the Frontignans, well adapted for pot culture, and do not crack, but they are little known in the country. The Frontignans are very fruitful, come into bearing early, and some of them will thrive in any sunny corner of greenhouse or vinery. Purple Constantia is worthy of the Muscat-house. The writer has backed his opinion by offering special prizes for the best collections of Frontignan and Round Muscat Grapes. See schedule of the Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington, for 1S85. \V, R, Pear, Beurr^ Flon. On p. 30S we figured this Pear, which, according to all we can learn about it, appears to be a synonym of Bonne Antoine. The description of this latter i& Leroy's Dictionary differs from that of the former but slightly, and these variations are such as might be induced by climate or season. April 4, iSSj.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 447 THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The Philippine Islands are well known as the home of several beautiful species of ThalKnopsis and Cypripedium, of the superb Vanda Sandeiiana, and of several other handsome Orchids which ornament our gardens ; and also some of those marvels of the vegetable kingdom — the Ralllesias. Consequently we should anticipate that an outline of the vegetation of the islands generally would reveal some interesting particulars. Until recently very little reliable in- formation on this point has been available, beyond that contained in Blanco's Flora a'e Fili^inas, and in various scattered publications. The late Mr. Bentham wrote, in the Flora (?/" //(?«_^-A'ow^.*—" Looking to the Philippine Islands, it is very difficult to obtain any definite notion of their vegetation. We have no serviceable general Flora of the Philippines, for Blanco's species require re-identification." A new edition of Blanco's work has recently been published, with a Latin translation, and 46S chromo-litho- graphed plates, both of which materially enhance the value of the work. An appendix to this work con- tains an enumeration of the plants believed to grow in the islands, with an attempt to re-identify Blanco's plants. The work is well conceived, but unfortu- nately it falls far short of the ideal ; for the species are identified from book descriptions only, without com- parison of specimens, and the result is that a large number of plants are included which there is good reason to believe do not grow in the islands at all. In a recent number of the Journal of the Linnean Society is a paper by Mr. R. A. Rolfe, of the Kew Herbarium, "On the Flora of the Philippine Islands, and its probable Derivation," from which we condense the following ; — The Philippines form a large group of volcanic islands, situated between Formosa and Borneo, and extending over 9^ of latitude and 14° of longitude ; or, if the Sulu Archipelago be included, which now, in common with the rest of the group, belongs to Spain, they extend over 16° of longitude. They are for the most part surrounded by deep sea, though with several submerged banks, which indicate former connections with neighbouring islands. One of these banks stretches northward in the direction of Formosa, a second from near Manila by a long chain of islands to the northern point of Borneo ; a third by way of the Sulu Archipelago from the southern point of Mindanao to north-east Borneo ; and a fourth from the south-eastern point of Mindanao to the remark- able island of Celebes, The two largest islands, Luzon and Mindanao, are each of about the same extent as Ireland, [and each contains a number of high volcanic peaks, where a few Rhododendrons, Vac- ciniums, and other tropical mountain plants are found ; while the lower elevations are clothed with dense forests of tall vegetation. The fauna has been pretty well worked out. The terrestrial mammalia are very limited — twenty-one species, but of these nine-tenths are peculiar to the islands. Of land birds two-thirds are peculiar to the islands, and of water birds one-tenth ; a larger proportion of peculiar species than is found on any of the Malayan islands. This would lead us to infer that a study of the vegetation would reveal some equally interesting facts, A set of about a thousand plants was brought to Kew by Don Sebastian Vidal, conservator of forests in the islands, and it fell to Mr. Rolfe to assist this gentle- man in the elaboration of the plants, the outcome of which is the aforementioned paper. After an outline of the various works dealing with Philippine plants we find a census of genera and species, with a column showing the endemic element in the flora. This table shows the number of flowering plants to be 3466 species, belonging to 1002 genera, of which six genera and 915 species are peculiar to the islands, or a pro- portion of over one-fourth endemic. The number of Ferns growing in the islands appears to be 467, of which fifty-two are endemic — a fact which stamps the islands with a marked individuality, as Ferns gene- rally have a wider range than most plants. The Orchids are estimated at 460 species, of which no are endemic. The small number of endemic genera, as compared with some of the neighbouring islands and with the large number of species, is pointed out as a remarkable feature. The affinities of the flora with neighbouring coun- tries is next pointed out. The general features are decidedly Malayan, many of the genera having a wide range in the Indo-Malayan region, while some have a more limited range. On the other hand, a very large number of typical Malayan genera do not appear to reach the Philippines. The same thing holds good with respect to the Philippine animals — a fact which is attributed by Mr. Wallace to extinction by submersion, of which there is abundant evidence in the presence of raised coral reefs in various direc- tions. One of the most striking features in the flora is the presence of a few plants of decidedly Australian type, as Osbornia octodonta, a remarkable monotypic genus of Myrtaceas, hitherto only known from Aus- tralia ; Xanthostemon Verdugonianus, a new species of a genus formerly thought to be confined lo Aus- tralia and New Caledonia ; Slackhousia muricata, a representative of an order otherwise limited to Australia and New Zealand, besides others of less importance. A slight connection with New Guinea and with some of the smaller Pacific islands is also traced. Next to the Australian the northern element in the flora is, perhaps, the most interesting. We find a Lilium, a Pinus, a Viburnum, a Scutellaria, and a Privet ; all endemic species, outliers of these typical northern genera which are well represented in the opposite Chinese region. Three endemic species of Carex are also mentioned. There is a second Pinus, P. Merkusii ; but this occurs also in Sumatra, In comparing the plants with those of surrounding islands it is pointed out that a few Philippine plants occur also in Borneo, a few others in Celebes, and others in Java, Sumatra, and the Moluccas, respec- tively, though not yet known from elsewhere— a con- dition of things pointing to connections with these islands in the past. Between the different islands of the Philippine group themselves there seems to be a certain amount of individuality, owing to long isola- tion, for no less than six of the smaller islands are mentioned as having endemic species growing upon them. Future research will, no doubt, extend the area of some of these supposed endemic plants, but while so many new species keep turning up it is quite likely that some will ultimately prove to be extremely local, as is the case elsewhere, A new genus and several new species are described ; the former, belong- ing to the Rubiaceae, is illustrated with a plate, and is named Villaria, in commemoration of the labours of Father Fernandez Villar in the production of the third and much improved edition of Blanco's Flora, The one remaining point to be noticed is the pro- bable derivation of the existing flora. The conclu- sions of Mr. Wallace respecting the Philippines, and which were largely based on a study of their fauna, were, that they are truly insular, while the Malay islands are really continental in the essential features of their natural history. This opinion was afterwards somewhat modified, for in his Island Life he says : — " It is evident that the Philippines once formed part of the great Malayan extension of Asia, but that they were separated considerably earlier than Java. The reason of their comparative poverty in genera and species of the higher animals is that they have been subjected to a great amount of submersion in recent times," It is the former of these two conclusions which Mr. Rolfe considers best supported by a study of the flora, for it is suggested that submersion sufficient to have caused such wholesale extinction of the animals would have probably destroyed many of the plants which still survive. His contention is, that as the Philippines are almost entirely volcanic, and as nearly all the genera have their headquarters else- where, that the flora has reached its present location by migration. He also attempts to trace the lines of migration, the principal one, comprising the bulk of the flora, from the Malayan region ; a second from the Australian region, through the Moluccas— a few of the plants extending even to China ; and a third from the Chinese region, southward ; which latter may have taken place during the cold of the glacial period. The large number of endemic species is held to indicate that the migration took place at a suffi- ciently remote period for the species to have become differentiated under changed conditions. However this may be it is certain that some interesting facts of distribution are coming to light, and more yet remains to be done. The future may have something to say on this point ; indeed, we believe that an additional collection of Philippine plants has recently been received at Kew, which, when worked up, may yield Additional information; - ^\t S0i§ir^. WORK IN THE ROSE GARDEN IN MARCH OR APRIL, Tins is an important month to the Rose grower, whether he be an exhibitor or simply a lover and grower of the flower for his own special delectation and that of those who come to visit him in his garden, and a good deal of the work to be done will depend as to the manner of doing it— as lo whether the person who operates be an exhibitor or not. Take now, for example, the dressing and arranging of the beds. A person who intends to exhibit will not con- sider whether his beds look very tidy or not, and will at this season give them a good mulching of stable manure or cow-dung, as it may be at the owner's dis- posal. A Rose garden thus treated is not an xsthetic object, however good it may be for the plants, and when blackbirds have their "wicked way " over it and scratch it all about to find worms and grubs it requires a little extra care to keep it in anything like condition ; yet the Rose exhibitor will feel that above all things he must feed his pets, and everything else must give way to this. He will rake off all the mulching which has served for a winter covering (the longer^ part of it will do excel- lently for putting under Strawberries), will fork the beds lightly over, and then put on his supply of fresh manure for the spring and summer feeding ; but the non-exhibitor feels he shall get good, nay, beautiful Roses — some of them, indeed, fit for an exhibition stand— without this ; and so he, too, rakes off the longer portion of the litter, and then forks them over, but in so doing goes a little deeper and forks the manure in, adding nothing more for the summer sup- ply. The beds are then marked out afresh, the walks looked over, and all then looks neat and tidy, requir- ing only to be carefully watched and weeded as the summer goes on. This is the way my own are treated, and I am very well satisfied with the blooms that I obtain. But there is more important work than dressing the beds to be considered, and that is pruning, about which there is so much difference of opinion that we may apply to it the Latin saying," Tot homines, lolidem sententia." The great bugbear, the terror, the Old Man of the Mountain to the Rose-grower, is the treacherous spring frost ; if we could fix his coming — if, as in America, we could know to a day when the change would come — it would be all right ; but it is its uncertainty that makes it so dangerous. For some years we had a cold wave about May 20, and most disastrous it was. Last year we had one about April 24, and sad havoc it made ; those who had pruned early found that all the young shoots of their Roses which had freely pushed and were some inches in length were completely blackened, and the pruning had in many cases to be done over again — those who pruned late escaped completely free. If the frost comes at the end of May the earlier pruned trees have more stamina in their shoots, and are better able to resist frost than those which were pruned late and would be in the same condition as the earlier pruned ones would be with an April frost. Here then one must say " Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind," let him study his climate, his situation, and soil, and then act according lo what he thinks best ; no hard and fast line can be laid down, but I suppose, taking Rose growers in general, nineteen out of twenty prune in the month of March. And now as to pruning. There are some who advo- cate what is called hard-pruning and some more gentle treatment. Here I think a good deal will depend on whether a person is an exhibitor or not : in the former case he is looking simply for the quality of the bloom totally irrespective of the quantity — if each plant will give him three or four show blooms he is satisfied, and as he believes this is effected better by hard pruning he adheres to that. The non-exhibitor has 448 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 4, 1885. more thought for the blaze of beauty and colour in his garden than for super-excellent blooms, although he is glad to get these when he can, and so he leaves his (boots longer, looks to a greater number of heads on them and consequently to a larger number of Roses. There is one thing which each class of grower may do with advantage, that is, cut out all the weak and spindly wood. Last year's wood may, in the case of Roses that have grown well, be safely cut »way. Two or three good healthy shoots have come away from the bottom, and on these dependence must be placed for this year's blooms ; and in this way it is that dwarf Roses are so valuable. Atten- tion must be, of course, paid to the individual habit of each plant, and, however tedious it may be, it is justified in principle, and amply repaid in the end ; the pruning that would be suitable for Marie Baumann would be utterly unsuitable to Etienne Level. It may be taken for granted that when a Rose is of a delicate habit it will require more pruning than a vigorous growing variety. As a rule a good pruning knife is the best im- plement to employ, it makes a clean cut and does not hurt the bark ; but the secateur is useful in getting at the interior of the bush and cutting out the more weakly shoots. Some people are very much afraid of bleeding and of the injury it does to the plant ; I cannot say that I have seen any bad effects from it, and certainly the dread of it would not prevent my putting off pruning if I thought all other circumstances were favourable to so doine. Wild Kcse. THE EARLIEST AMERICAN BOTANIC GARDENS. To the series of descriptions and illustrations of botanic gardens in various countries which we have been enabled to give from time to time we are now enabled, thanks to the courtesy of Prof. Sargent, to add illustrations of the two earliest gardens of this kind in the States (figs. So, 81.) The interest attach- ing to them is mainly historic, and in the memorials of J. S. Bartram, and Humphry Marshall, published by the late Dr. Darlington, in 1849, and dedicated to the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, we find many mteresting details respecting these pioneers, from which we condense the following particulars. About 1730 John Bartram began to make collec- tions of American plants for his friend, Peter Collin- son. He probably detected more undescribed plants than any of his contemporaries. "He was perhaps the first Anglo-American who conceived the idea of establishing a botanic garden for the reception and cultivation of the various vegetables, natives of the country as well as exotics, and of travelling for the discovery and acquisition of them. The Bartram Botanic Garden, established in or about the year 1730. is most eligibly and beautifully situated on the right bank of the river Schuylkill, a short distance below the city of Philadelphia." Bartram's travels in search of plants were extensive, and in those days dangerous. Bartram was appointed Botanist and Naturalist to the King, at the instigation of Peter Collinson, in 1765, with a salary of ^50 per annum. From Bartram's correspondence with Collin, son we learn that Bartram had proved by experiment the nature and office of the pollen in a species of Lychnis. In reference to this matter Collinson writes as follows (1740), giving the history of the mule Pink :— The Mule Pink. " My experiment of the usefulness of the farina is very curious and entertaining. Where plants of a class are growing near together they will mix and pro- duce a mingled species. An instance we have in our garden, raised by the late Thomas Fairchild, who had a plant from seed that was compounded of the Car- nation and Sweet William. It has the leaves of the first, and its flowers are double like the Carnation, the size of a Pink, but in clusters like the Sweet William. It is named a mule— per analogy to the mule produced from the horse and the ass." Bartram, in 1763, anticipated the scarcity of timber, which Darlington, writing eighty years after, repu- diated, but which the experience of the present day tends to justify. Daffodils. Referring to the white double DaSodils, Collinson writes with enthusiasm to Bartram, " I wailed almost all my lifetime to get tbii rare flower. I read of it and saw it figured in books, but despaired of ever possessing it. But about seven years agone my botanic genius carried me into a garden where I ex- pected to find nothing ; on a sudden my eyes were ravished with the sight of this flower, and my heart leaped for joy that I should find it at last." To this Bartram replies, October, 1763, "If I had known the white double DaSbdil had been such a rarity with thee, I could have sent thee large quantities thirty years ago. Our first settlers brought them with them, and they multiply so that thousands are thrown away." In 1773 the second botanic garden within the British provinces of North America was established by Humphry Marshall, a cousin of Bartram's, in the township of West Bradford, Chester County, Penn- sylvania, he having previously collected and cultivated useful and ornamental plants, In 1785, Humphry Marshall published his Arbus- turn Americamtm, a description of the forest trees and shrubs, natives of the American United States. This is believed to be the first strictly American botanical work, that is to say, the first treatise on American plants, written by a native American. Marshall's house and garden have remained in the family until last year, when they were sold, and will doubtless be destroyed. Bartram's garden is now pretty well surrounded by the city of Philadelphia, and must soon go, unless arrangements can be made for its preservation. In Marshall's garden there still remains, or did till recently, a noble specimen of Magnolia acuminata, while the great feature of Bar- tram's garden is a grand Taxodium distichum, and which Bartram brought with him from the lower counties of Delaware in his saddle-bag. J4ojVlE jIl0RRE3P0JN(DE|. C, Powtll, Methods of Starting Japan Lilies when Received. — I am sure it must have often amused, if not surprised, you as to how opinions and methods differ on almost every conceivable subject. The dis- cussion which you have permitted in your columns in reference to the treatment of the Eucharis is an illustration, and if another were wanting your readers have had it in the above. Some months since in the Gardeners^ Chronicle, I believe for the first time, I drew attention to what I considered a fungus in newly imported bulbs. Whether cause or effect I was not prepared to say, nor am I yet, though Mr. Rogers, of Southampton, confidently asserts bruising in packing and transit is the cause, and the fungus or rot merely an effect. This opinion Mr. Dean seems to agree with in your last issue. Dr. Wallace, of the New Plant and Bulb Company, thinks the contrary, and clinches the discussion by announcing that he and his Company have found a remedy, which they apply before serving their customers. I certainly cannot think "bruising" the explanation, for then some would escape, or the bulb mercbaats and Japanese April 4, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 449 growers would long since have found a remedy. But the methods of treatment^ which is after all the most important, differ most of all. One would pot imme- diately when received, but this is no remedy. Another uses peat-mould to plunge in temporarily, and with raore reason. A third would treat much like Hya- cinths and Tulips, and after potting cover with coal- ashes for months until flowers appear. All these methods mean to allow the fungus and rot to do their worst. Mr. Shepherd's proposal (p. 370), to scrape away decayed parts and dress with charcoal and lime is far better, but I submit your advice to me more than a year ago — to plunge in cocoa-fibre and examine at short intervals until roots appear — with our present information — is the best of all. W. J, Murphy^ C ion me I, Sprekelia glauca. — On reading the advertisement in a recent number respecting the dozens, hundreds, thousands, of bulbs of this plant which Messrs. Krelage & Son had for sale, I was a little puzzled when I came to the words, *' It (S. glauca) is a parent of the well known Jacobean Lily (S. fornnosissima)." Some errors we set down to the errors of the press, in other cases we see the right meaning peeping from behind, whilst a few, occurring now and again, are allowed to pass un- in 1593, figured by Parkinson in 1629, and placed by him among the DafTodils. According to Curtis this plant is not kept in good health unless cultivated under glass. He says, "Stoves and greenhouses were then unknown ; no wonder, therefore, it did not thrive long." Vet in these days of acres of glass the Jacobean Lily is cultivated satisfactorily in a sheltered border out-of-doors, such as, for instance, the Bella- donna Lily thrives in. Planted about 6 inches below the surface inawarm sunny border against agreenhouse or stove, if possible, the Jacobean Lily will be quite at home, growing all the summer and flowering afterits winter'srest in about the month of May. Thecuriously contracted arrangement of the lower flower segments of this plant distinguish it from all its relations. S. glauca was considered a good species by Lindleyfrom its having smaller flowers and distinctly glaucous foliage, which characters, however, Bentham thought insufficient to justify its being retained as a species. A note by Dean Herbert on the treatment that he found this and the type throve under is worth quoting. He says: — "The bulbs are perfectly hardy, and appear to like a low temperature, but they will not flower willingly unless they have a season of drought. They succeed well against the wall of a stove in the open ground, flowering in the spring and sometimes sensational podders to the neglect of some prolific, well-flavoured, trustworthy kinds. Ed] Mr. Gilbert's suggestion as to a Congress of Peas is, like most of the thoughts which emanate from Burghley, original, but which, I fear in this case, is scarcely practicable. In this particular case it is so very unlikely that the suggestion will be acted upon, and even if it were who would accept as conclusive any results arrived at ? The best practical Congress of Peas is a trial in growth side by side, for there are other important features in Peas to be tested than mere flavour, size of Pea, or number in a pod. We want to know more about synonyms first, then of classification into sections, and the best of those sections ; then of height and average cropping qualities, and finally of flivour. It is very doubtful whether even the most exhaustive trial of this kind in any one place would sufiFice. We want half-a-dozen in diverse parts of the kingdom, all impartially and intelligently conducted ; and ihen the results, tabulated and compared, might be productive of valuable and reliable informaiion. A. D. Pruning Orchids. — Without waiting for the already pruned plants to be shown at South Ken- sington, as suggested by " T. B.," could not every Fig. 81.— baktram's house, (see v. ^a.--) corrected because they are of little consequence. But when M. Krelage, one of the chief bulb growers in Holland, or in the world, which amounts to the same thing, writes that the old Jacobean Lily owed its origin to the skilful manipulation of a hybridist who practised before the time of Parkinson, we pause to wonder how it comes that we never heard of this before we see it in an advertising column. The mystery was beyond my power to unravel, so I went for an explanation to Mr. Baker at Kew. On stating my case he at once blamed the printer [too bad], but when he read the advertisement he at once saw where the flaw was. " It's Krelage's English : he has used the word " parent" in its French signification, which is simply that of relation, and of course he is in that sense quite right, though in any other totally wrong." No doubt Mr. Krelage will pardon me for presuming to set him right, seeing how much is involved in the meaning I gave his advertisement ; and at the same time English bulb growers will be glad to learn what Mr. Krelage means when he calls Sprekelia glauca a parent of S. formosissima. Mr. Bentham considered these two plants so closely related that he makes only one species of them, to which the genus Sprekelia is now limited. We find three plants figured under the name Sprekelia, viz., S. formosis- sima, Heisl., Bat, Mag.^ t. 47; S. glauca, Lai., Bot. Reg.^ 1841, t. 16 ; and S. cybister. Herb., Boi* Mao.^ t. 3872. The first of these is a native of Mexico, according to Linnxus, first known in Europe again in the autumn, if the summer has been very dry. They rarely blossom if watered through the winter in a greenhouse ; but if kept dry and warm for a few months, they will flower as soon as they are watered in the spring." The third Sprekelia, so called by Herbert, is now referred to the genus Hippeastrum, although so far as I can see this plant has many characters in common with the recently introduced Callypsyche aurantiaca, lately figured for the Botanical Magazine. IV, IV, Peas. — I for one shall be pleased to assist in getting at "the fact as to which is the best Pea." Here Peas are highly valued, and I may say I have grown some hundreds of bushels of fine pods. It would be strange if I did not, seeing that I serve one of those noblemen who cares not what Pea is grown, or what its name is, so long as it is a good one, neither am I expected to go to the Stores, but can pay a good price for a good article ; therefore I should be glad to know if I am growing the best or not. It often puzzles me to understand why people do not pay more attention to varieties, and also to culture, for to my mind there is nothing looks worse than a miser- able lot of Pea-rows, and there is decidedly nothing that gives better results in all quarters than well- grown good Peas. G. M, IK [Our correspondent really assumes too much ; for we believe gardeners pay much attention to the sorts of Peas they pur- chase, but there is perhaps too much running after Orchid grower who has a score or two of plants or upwards put the matter to a practical test for himself, and thus obtain actual and not ex parte evidence one way or the other? The pruning treatment naturally infers that certain Orchids are purely herbaceous, and that the old bulbs are but stems that, having per- formed their required functions, may be cut away as useless. Non-pruners, on the other hand, hold that these old and perhaps decaying bulbs do serve some not merely useful, but important purpose, in Orchid plant life, but in what way or form nothing clear is shown. Do these old and exhausted bulbs in decay- ing give back to the plant something which they have abstracted, and thus furnish nutriment and strength to newly forming bulbs? If that be the case, then the position of the non-pruners is proved up to the hilt. If it be not so, then wherein lies the use or value of old bulbs ? A, D, In reply to " T. B." on p. 417, asking why the correspondent who has Dendiobium nobile with growths 3 feet long cannot send them to the Royal Horticultural Society's meeting at South Kensington, I beg to inform him I shall have great pleasure in doing so provided my employer does not object, and if " T. B." will undertake to pay all expenses connected with the same, and make good any damage to the plants in transit. To show that what I say is correct, I send herewith a growth for you to see, which has twenty- eight flowers on it. Though this is by no means one 450 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 4, 1S85. of the finest growths I have, I think it will be quite sufficient to convince any one (even *' T. B. ") that D. nobilecaa be grown withtheold growths— the pseudo- bulbs— cut away far better than by leaving them on the plants. The plant from which I cut this one has more than 300 expanded blooms on it, and some of the growths I have measured exceed 2 feet 10 inches in length. On some of these I counted as many as forty- two flowers. My plants have not *' been pruned for the occasion," but all the growths have been cut away annually exactly as the one I send you. A large quantity of my D. nobile have to be cut for Easter decorations ; they will have to travel about 150 miles byrail ; so by the lime this reaches you the best of them will have been cut ofV the plants. However, I shall still have some plants uncut, and if '*T. B." would really like to see them, I shall have great pleasure in showing them on the conditions named. D. N, [A beautiful spike, more than 2 feet 3 inches long, leafy for a fourth of its length, and with thirteen racemes, with two to three flowers in each, twenty-nine in all, each flower about 3 inches across. Ed.] CRYSTAL PALACE SPRING SHOW. An exhibition of spring flowers was held at the Crystal Palace on Friday, March 27, in the north transept. A large marquee was erected, or, rather, suspended, and in this an excellent array of flowering and foliage plants was very tastefully arranged ; the colours of the flowers showed to belter advantage in the soft light of the marquee than they would have done if e.xposed to the full light of day. Sloping benches were provided, and on these the exhibits were staged to great advantage, besides dispensing with the "fearful and wonderful" contrivances exhibitors in other instances have to resort to in order to " show off" their specimens satisfaclorily. The general arrangement was, as usual, all that could be desired, and reflected great credit on Mr. Head, the able Superintendent, and his staff". The classes were for the most part closely contested, and the exhibits generally of a high order of merit. The awards were as follows : — In the open class, for thirty-six Hyacinths Messrs. H. Williams & Son, Foriis Green, Finchley, were ist, with a well grown lot, good in size of pip and truss ; Gran- desse, Lord Macaulay, Ida, Grand Mailre, Voltaire, Rubra Maxima, Mont Blanc, Moreau, King of the Blues, Czar Peter, Baroness von Tuyll, Lord Derby, Grandeur i Merveille, Marie, Vuurbaak, L'Innocence, Von Schiller, Gigantea, and King of the Yellows being his principal varieties. Mr. H. R. Wright, Lee, Kent, was 2d, very little behind, with good Grand Maitre, Rubra Maxima, Von Schiller, Mont Blanc, and others. Messrs. W. Cutbush & Son, Highgate, were 3d. For thirty-six Tulips Messrs. W. Cutbush & Son were isl, with a splendid lot, including Van der Neer, while Pottebakker, white and purple joost van Vondel, rose Gris de Lin, Or d'Ophir, Proserpine, Globe de Rigaud, Kaiser Kroon, Vermilion Brilliant, Cottage Maid, Hector, Fabiola, &c. Messrs. H. Williams & Son were 2d. with a good collection of similar sorts. Mr. H. R. Wright, Lee, Kent, was 3d. For twenty-four Narcissus, Messrs. H. R. Williams & Son were ist, wilh a dwarf, compact, well-flowered lot of the usual show varieties ; Mr. H. R. Wright a close 2d, and Mr. W. ], Watson, Newcastle-on- Tyne, 3d. The class for ihirty-six Cyclamens made a fine display, Mr. H. B. Smith, Ealing, carrying off 1st honours with a fine teUing lot, including some very distinct types ; Mr. R. Clark, Twickenham, was 2d, with slightly smaller but very bright coloured examples; Mr. F. J. Hill, gr. to H. Little. Esq., Hillingdon Place. Uxbridge, was 3d. For twelve Amaryllis, Messrs, Paul & Son, The "Old" Nurseries, Cheshunt, Herts, were ist, wilh Venus, very bright claret, flaked white ; Roderigo, flaked deep crimson, green star; Albion, small bright crimson flower, while star ; Pallas, deep claret, white star ; Minima, good flower, white, flaked with claret ; Cupid, bright scarlet ; Bendigo, a flower of good substance, velvety dark crimson, green star ; Vulcan, scarlet ; Robert Browning, a starry flower, deep claret, white tipped, distinct, green eye ; President Grevy, very bright scarlet ; and Merry Maid, small, white, flaked with claret and ereen eye ; 2d, Mr. F. J. Hill, with a small lot, Mrs. H. Little being the best. For twelve Cinerarias, Mr. J. Ford, gr. to J. C. Lanyon. Esq., Eirdhurst, South Croydon, with twelve fine plants, having large hends of bloom and fine dark green foliage ; Alessrs. T. Todman & Son. Rose Park Nursery, Upper Tooling, were 2d. and Mr. F. J. Hill was 3d. For twelve 8-inch pots of Lily of the Valley, Mr. H. R. Wright was ist, with a fine lot ; Messrs. H. Williams & Son, were 2d ; Mr. W. J. Watson. New- casile-on-Tyne, was 3d. For twenty-four Auriculas. — Mr. C. Turner only staged a collection which was worthy the ist prize allotted to it— Royal Purple, Dr. Horner (Read), Lord Beaconsfield, Privateer (Grimes), Eliza Sarah (Turner), Thetis, The Prince, Mrs. Llewellyn, Charles Perry (Turner), and the rest fine seedlings. Messrs. H. Lane & Son, Berkhamslead, were the only competitors in the class for twenty-four Rhododendrons, the collection being also considered worthy the premier award ; the varieties were Mrs. Russell Sturgis, Marchioness of Lansdowne, Cynthia, The Queen. The Maroon, Mr. John Penn, Wm. Milton, Earl of Shannon, Mr. G. Brown, Bianchi, Baroness Rothschild, The Star, Snowflake, Geo. Peabody, Mrs W. Hankey, James Bateman,Mr. T. Longman, Roseum Piclum, Mrs. Home, and Lord Eversley. For twenty- four greenhouse Azaleas, Mr. C. Turner, Slough, was 1st wilh an excellent lot of well flowered specimens, in- cluding Jean Vervaine, Apollo. Borsig. Comtessede Flan- ders, Lady F. Hastings, Charles Enke, Duchesse de Nassau, Roi d'Holland, Mademoiselle Marie Lefebvre, Madame Van der Cruyssen, Sigismund Rucker, Mrs. Turner, Stella, Jules Verne, Cordon Bleu, Ceres, and Furstin Bariatinski ; nd, Mr. H. James, Lower Nor- wood, who had amongst others, Vittata crispiflora. Comie de Flandres, Charles Enke, Ceres, John Gould Veitch, &c. For eighteen pots of Mignonetie, grown in the usual market style, Mr. H. B. Smith. Ealing, was isl wilh a fine dwarf lot with very large heads of bloom ; Mr. ]• Wiggins, gr. to W. Clay, Esq., Kingston-on-Thames, was 2d, and Miss Clay, Kingslon-on-Thamcs, was 3d. For nine plants ot Tree Mignonette, Mr. J. R. Bird, Lodgemore, Alleyne Park, West Dulwich. Two fine groups of stove and greenhouse foliage and flowering plants were staged by Messrs. J. Laing & Co., Forest Hill, and Mr. H. James, Lower Norwood, the former receiving the premier award, and the latter 3d ; both groups were very tastefully arranged, and the same class of plants for the most part were used by each, and con- sisted princi]ially of Palms, Crotons, Azaleas, Drac:?snas, Caladiums, Ericas, Orchids in variety, and Cyclamen. &c. In the amateurs' class for twelve Hyacinths, Mr. John Horsley, 6, Selwood Place, South Kensington, staged the only collection, and was a 3d prize. For six Lily of the Valley Mr. W. Monk, gr. to W. N. Cheeseman, Esq., The Hall, North Dulwich, was ist. For twelve Cvclamens, Mr. J. Wiggins was ist with a nice lot ; 2d, Mr. F. J. Hill. For twelve Cinerarias Mr. F. J. Hill was 2d, no ist being awarded. Extra prizes were awarded to Messrs. Paul & Sons, The "Old" Nurseries, Cheshunt, for a magnificent bank of pot Roses, conspicuous amongst them being Souvenir d'un Ami, Duke of Teck, Marquise de Cas- tellane, Catherine Soupert, La France, and others ; and also for a fine group of alpines. Mr. H. P. Wright, Lee, for a fine collection of Tulips. Mr. H. B. Smith, lor a large collection of Cyclamens. Messrs. J. Laing & Co., Forest Hill, for a n;oc collection of -decorative plants. Messrs liarr ol Son, Covent Garden, for a large collection -ui Narcissi, &c. Mr. R. Clark, Twickenham, for a collection of Cyclamens. Mr. C. Turner, Slough, for a stand of four dozen Carnations. Mr. J. R. Bird, Lodgemore, West Dulwich. for a collection of Tree Mignonette ; and to W. J. Watson, Newcastle-on-Tyne, for thirty-six Hyacinths and thirty-six Tulips respec- tively. Miscellaneous exhibits were staged by Messrs. Hooper & Co., Covent Garden — hamper of Carnations ; Mr. J. James, Farnham Royal, Slough — ■ two boxes of fine blooms of Cinerarias ; Messrs. J. Carter & Co., Holb-jm — Valotta purpurea, Sempervivums, &c, ; Mr. C. Turner, Slough — Violet Wellsiana. Certificates were awarded to Mr. H. B. Smith, for Cyclamen The Major, a fine bold flower, creamy-white, deep purple tip ; and Miss Nightingale, rosy-purple ; Messrs. Barr & Son, for Chionodoxa sardensis. Nar- cissus pallidus pra^cox, and N. Barri conspicuus. THE ROYAL CALEDONIAN HORTI- CULTURAL. This old-established Society has recently issued its prize list for the present year, which contains some features of improvement, and a more ambitious pro- gramme than anything it has yet attempted in the way of a season s ordinary work. The Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society was instituted in 1809, and Incor- porated by Royal Charter on August 18, 1824, and con- sists of ordinary, honorary, corresponding, and foreign members. The affairs of the Society are managed by an Executive of nineteen members, consisting of Presi- dent, four Vice-Presidents, twelve Councillors, Secre- tary, and Treasurer. Two of the Councillors and all the other members of the Executive are elected annually at a general meeting of the Society held on the first Thursday of December. Every person interested in horticulture is eligible for election as an ordinary member on payment of a lo-guinea fife subscription, or i guinea annually, which secures to the members certain extra privileges in connection with admission to the shows — a payment of half a guinea annually entitling a member to half those privileges. Pass tickets, admitting to all the shows of the season, are issued to professional gardeners on pay- ment of 2J, 6(/.— a valuable privilege considering that four shows are now held in the season, and each open for two days. Such liberality to the profession might be followed with advantage by more of our horticultural societies. The prizes offered by the Society are open free to all, British or foreign, who choose to compete, and who comply with the regulations of the Society. For new productions of special merit the Council awards the SoDiety's Certificate at all the shows. The foregoing particulars are gathered from the second page of the Society's prize list (or 1B85, now before us, and are followed by an excellent code of regulations for competitors and exhibitors — new features in the schedule which will be much appreciated by the members of the Society as well as by the horticultural public in general. The arrangement or regulation which has been in vogue with the Society for some years, by which the prizes won by competitors are paid the same day, is one of special advantage to exhibitors, and where it can be carried out is worthy of general adoption. The Society is under the special patronage of the Queen ; with the Marquis of Lothian, K,T., President ; John Stewart, Esq., Secretary ; and P. Neil Eraser, Esq., Treasurer. For the first time we believe for many years, the Society has decided upon holding four regular exhibitions in the course of the season, each of two days' duration. They are to be held, as usual, in the Waverley Market, Edin- burgh— a spacious covered area of nearly 2 acres, adjoin- ing the Waverley Railway Station, and affording unrivalled facilities for the holding of horticultural exhi- bitions. On ordinary occasions this capacious hall is used as a vegetable market— the Covent Garden of Edin- burgh—and attended by all the market gardeners ol the district wilh their vanloads of produce. On the occasion of a flower show the exhibitors drive their plant vans alongside of the stages, both when selling down and removing their plants, which entirely saves ihe laborious work of lifting, and the long carry of heavy plants by men, so prevalent at most flower shows. At the ensuing spring show in Agril, ^^339 is offered in prizes for 141 different articles, distributed as follows :— 98 for plants, 18 for cut flowers, 9 for fruit, and 16 for vegetables. The summer show in July has ^256 offered in prizes for 142 articles— Plants, 62 ; cut flowers, 49 ; fruit, 14 ; and vegetables, 17. At the autumn show in September, /283 is offered for 175 articles— Fruit, which leads at the autumn show, 54 ; plants, ^-^^ ; cut flowers, 33 ; vegetables, 23 ; and bees and honey, "12, At the new winter show, in November, ^^232 is offered for 198 articles— Plants, 95 ; cut flowers, 31 ; fruit, 42 ; and vegetables, 30. Two prizes are offered for all articles, and for most of the leading exhibits three prizes are allotted. In all there is offered ^^iiio in prizes in 1885 for 656 articles, as follows :— Plants. 308 ; cut flowers, 131 ; fruit, 119 ; vegetables, 86 ; and been and honey, 12— a programme extensive enough to satisfy the appetite of the keenest exhibitor. Ten years ago, in 1874, the prizes offered at the three shows amounted to ^^259 14J. dd. for 200 articles. The finances of the Society are apparently in a pros- perous condition, and the funds at the disposal of the Council are quite equal to carrying out the programme set before it. Previous to 1878 the Society held its exhi- bitions in the Music Hall, and the "abstract of accounts of the Society " for the year 1877— the last year in which all the shows were held in the Music Hall— shows the state of its funds in that year to have been— Receipts, ^713 14J. \d.\ payments, ^697 6/. lojt/.; and the total reserve funds of the Society ^534 lu. qd. For the vear 1884 we observe that the receipts are £\SS^ i\s.'^d.\ the payments, /i54o 2^.9^.; and the Society's reserve' funds, ^1^1249 oj. srf.— a state of affairs in these times reflecting credit on the management of the Executive, and which, for the sake of horticulture, we hope will continue. LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION : March 24, 25. The spring show of this Society was held on the above dates in the St. George's Hall, and all the circumstances connected therewith were of a most pleasing and gratify- ing character. The weather was favourable and the company attending on both days was numerous, and so far the committee are to be congratulated. To the show as a whole, and of the details in their varied parts, we must award unstinted praise and commendation to all concerned in the magnificent collection of plants and flowers gathered together under the roof of this fine hall. It would perhaps be difficult to get in one hall a finer lot of colour than was here presented. The large speci- men Azaleas, Orchids, forced Rhododendrons, masses of Azalea Mollis, Ghent varieties, wilh bulbs (of which there was a fine display), contributed to make this show as it was generally admitted, the finest floral display ever got together in Liverpool in early spring. The schedule was divided into fifty-one classes, and in almost every instance there was strong competition. In some of the classes six and even eight competitors entered for the prizes offered ; added to this were many extra groups and subjects not stated in the schedule. We will take the classes somewhat in order as they appear in he official list. Open Classes. For a group of miscellaneous plants, arranged for effect, to occupy a space of 50 feet, the ist prize was awarded to W. H. Walls, Esq., Wavertree (gr.. Mr. A. R. Cox) ; 2d, C. W. Neumann, Esq. (gr., Mr. W. Mease): and 3d, F. H. Gossage, Esq.. Woolton (gr.. Mr. J. Jellicoe) ; these each in their way made up their groups with flowering plants nicely contrasted wilh Palms, Crotons, and Ferns. For ten hardy herbaceous and bulbous plants the collections staged were each admitted to have been deserving of a ist prize ; after considerable care and attention had been bestowed upon them the prizes were awarded, ist. to J. Dickson & Sons, nurserymen, Chester ; 2d, to W. B. Bowring, Esq. (gr., J. Hurst) ; 3d, C. W. Neumann, Esq. In the ist prize group were splendid plants of Narcissus Sir Watkin, with thirty-six flowers ; N. Emperor, with twenty-five ; Tulipa retroflexa, with nine of its bright yellow bios, soms ; a large Dielytra spectabilis, well bloomed ; Nar- cissus moschatus, and good pans of Primula rosea and Aubrietia— a very showy and effective group. In Mr. Bowring's group were fine plants of Iris germanicus, Telemachus, and The Beauty ; Muscari botryoides, with fifty spikes ; Primula cortusoides lilacina marginata, and Narcissus bulbocodium. with thirty flnwers. Mr. Neu- mann's group also contained N. .*-ir Watkin, N. Hors- fieldi. Primrose Harbinger (very fine), and Iris reticulata with several blooms. For six Azaleas, C. W. Neumanr, Esq., was ist, having good plants of Grandis, Iveryana, Flower of the Day, Souvenir de Prince Albert, Dieudonne, Spa, and Madame Vervaene ; 2d. Mrs. Lockett (gr., Mr.W. Evans) ; 3d. J. Lewis, Esq. /gr,, Mr. W. Bustard), For one bouquet, T, Robinson, Mossley Hill, was xst ; April 4, 1885] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 451 G. Downes, Lodge Lane, 2d ; and B. Hall, Waverlree, (gr,, .\. Crosbie), 3d. The excellence of the Liverpool bouquets is well known, these and also others in the amateur classes were exceedingly well done. Pass- ing now to the amateur classes, the isl and only prize for Iwenty-four Hyacinths was awarded to R. Singlehurst, Esq., Aigburth (gr., Mr. J. Kelly). This was the only bulb class where only one ex- hibitor put in an appearance, and the remarks here applied may be taken as referring to the bulbs as a whole — they were well done, spikes st.inding well up, not drawn out and so detracting from the beauty, but just nicely up above the erect foliage, w liieh in the majority of cases was of a stout and vigorous character. In tliis group. Lord Derby, Grandillora. Koh-i-noor, La Grandesse, Mi- mosa, B;\roness \'on Tu\n. Van Speyk, La Franchise, Ida, Prince of Wales, Biondin, \'on Schiller, Mrs. B. StOtte, and tjueen of the Blues, were prominent. For eighteen Hyacinths the ist priae was taken by R. Singlehurst. Esq. ; 2d, R. Cornelius, Esq. (gr., Mr. T. Stephenson) ; 3d, W. B. Bowring, Esq. Twehe Hya- cinthf.— 1st, W. H. W.atts, Esq. ; 2d, Mrs. Aitken (gr., Mr. C. Waring); 3d, ]. Woollright, Esq. (gr., Mr. E. Green), For six Hyaciintis, W. P. Sinclair, Esq., was a^-arded ist. Fur six pols of Hyacinths, three ina pot, — a very effective way of showing them — the ist prize was tiken by Mrs. Birnsley (gr., Mr. P. Barber) ; 2d, Mrs. Locketl. Narcissus were well shown, the ist prize being awarded to Mr. W. P. Sinclair ; 2d, Mr. S. S. Parker ; 3d, Mr. R Cornelius. The Tulips, both single and double, were numerous and good : Mr. R. Cornelius was 1st for twelve pots of single, among which we noticed Chrysolora, Vermilion Brilliant, Proserpine, white and yellow Pottebakker as very effective ; the 2d, prize went to H. Nash, Esq. ; 3d, J. Woollright, Esq. For six pots, single Tulips, the ist prize fell to S. S. Parker, Esq., who had La I'recieuse, Kaiser Kroon, and Canary Bird, in tine form. Ten pots, double Tulips. — ist, T. S. Rogerson, Esq. ; 2d. S. S. Parker, Esq. Here we metTournesol. Iniperator, and Rex Rubrorum, Raphael, Duke of York, very good ; Princess Beatrice, and Purple Crown. Six pots of Crocus were shown by Messrs. C. W. Neumann, J. Woollright, and H. Nash, and prizes awarded in the order named. For six stove and green- house plants, C. W. Neumann, Esq., was ist : here we noticed Chorozema cordata splendens, Clivea miniata maxima, Croton Disraeli, .Arecalutescens, and a fine Aza- lea ; 2d, F. H. Gossage, Esq. ; 3d, W. H. Watts, Esq. Orchids. The Orchids staged were remarkably fine. .Such plants are not often seen at a spring show, and associated here with so much that was good, they were much admired and deservedly so. For four Orchids, C. W. Neumann, Esq., was ist, with Phalasnopsis .Schilleriana, with two branching spikes ; Dendrobium Wardianum, with twelve flowering bulbs ; Coelogyne cristata, a yard across, a mass of flower ; and Dendrobium crassinode, with four good flowering bulbs ; 2d, Dr. Walker Rodney (gr., Mr. J. Edwards) ; in this group was a plant of Dendrobium Wardianum, with twenty-four flowering bulbs well covered with bloom ; Vanda suavis, with three spikes ; D thyrsiflorum.andCattleyaTrianas. W. Holland, Esq. , Mossley Hill (gr., Mr. W. Moss), was 3d, having Phalas- nopsis Stuartiana, with a fine branching spike ; Angrsecum sesquipedale, with two spikes ; Vanda tricolor and a Cattleya Trianas. For one Orchid, E Harvey, Esq., Aigburth (gr. Mr. T. Worth), was ist, with Dendrobium Ainsworthii with nine flowering bulbs ; 2d, C. W. Neumann, Esq., with Phalsenopsis Schilleriana, a spike 3 feet long, with five laterals and several sub- laterals — flowers of good size, form, and colour ; 3d, Dr. Walker, with a nice piece of Dendrobium Ains- worthii. A Cultural Certificate was awarded for a Den- drobium fimbriatum giganteum to Sir J. A. Picton (gr. , Mr. G. Blackmore). This was a fine piece, with growths 5 and 6 feet long, with about Ihirty-si.x spikes of its bright orange coloured blossoms. Ferns were shown by Mrs. Horsfall (gr., Mr. G. Rhodes), who staged Dicksonia squaiTosa and D. antarctica, Cyathea medullaris, and a large Gym- nogramma, to which the ist prize was awarded. The 2d went to F. W. Medley, Esq. (gr,, Mr. C. Jones), who had Adiantum Cardiochlsena, very fine ; Davallia dissecta, Nephrolepis exaltata. and Also- phylla australis. For one Fern Mrs. Lockett was ist, with Goniophlebium subauriculatum, with about sixty fronds 5 feet long ; Mrs. Horsfall 2d, Mr. T. S. Roger- son 3d. Three Azaleas were shown by S. S. Parker, Esq., who was 1st ; C. W. Neumann, Esq., 2d ; and H. Cunningham, Esq., 3d. For one greenhouse Rhodo- dendron H. Cunningham, Esq., was ist, with Countess of Haddington, a plant only 3 feet high, but with fifty trusses of bloom; 2d, A. Tate, Esq. (gr., Mr. R. G. Waterman), with a nice plant of R. Taylori ; 3d, Mr. W. Holland. Forced Rhododendrons were numerous and well flowered, whilst of .\zalea mollis and its varieties many good plants were shown. For four plants Messrs. C. W. Neumann, S. S. Parker, and J. Lewis competed, and prizes were awarded in the order named. The six forced hardyplants again brought C. W. Neumann, Esq., to the front; 2d, W. B. Bowring, Esq. ; 3d, B. Hall, Esq. Primulas, Cinerarias, Lily ol the Valley, Mignonette, Cyclamen, and table plants were numerous, and gene- rsdly good. The stands of cut flowers, in which class five competitors entered, were very good for the season. C, W. Neumam, Esq., was 1st, in whose stand we noticed good bunches of Dendrobium Wardianum and nobile, Cattleya Trianas, .\nthuriums Andreanum and ferrierense, Rhododedron Gibsoni, Amaryllis, Cliveas, Clematis in- divisa lobata. Camellia Lavinia Magi, &c. ; the 2d prize fell to S. Smith, Esq., M.P. ; 3d, Mr, W. H. Watts. Bouquets were shown by Mr. T. Robinson, Mr. B. Hall, and Mrs. Walls, and were awarded prizes in order as the names appear. Certificates or Merit. These were awarded to Messrs. T. Davis & Co., for a collection of plants and bulbs ; to R. P. Ker & Son, for Azalea James Veitch, A. Phoibus, Mathilde, Madame Herman Seidel, and also for a collection of miscellaneous plants, bulbs, &c. Cultural Certilic.ites were also given to Messrs. J. Dickson & Sons for some gr.ind pots of .Narcissus Sir Watkin ; to Messrs. R. P. Ker & Son. for Choisya ternata ; Mr. G. Blackmore, for Den- drobium fimbriatum oculatum giganteum ; also to Mr. Elsworlhy, for splendid bunches of Black Alicante Grape ; to Mr. J. Jellieoe, for Mushrooms ; and C. W. Neumann. Esq., for Amaryllis, in which were included Junius, Achilles, and Empress of India. The Liverpool Horti- cultural Company showed a fine lot of useful plants, including Cinerarias, Hyacinths, Azaleas, and Orchids. GLASGOW AND WEST OF SCOTLAND HORTICULTURAL. The spring show of this Society, which took place in the St. Andrew's Hall on March 25, was a great success. Of late years the Society has been playing the game of the rolling stone, but now a well meant effort is being made to re-establish and popularise it, the number of plants sent both for exhibition and competition being a decided advance upon those of recent years. The tables of plants furnished by Messrs. Austin & McAslan and Messrs. Smith & Simons were effective arrangements of spring blooming plants. The Ijtler firm had some good Palms, and the former a great variety of Japanese Acers, these elegant foliaged plants being deservedly admired at this season. A large table of plants was also sent by Mr. Peter McKenzie, nurseryman. Paisley, but this exhibit was almost confined to bulbous plants, for the cultivation and exhibition of which Mr. McKenzie has been celebrated for years, also a few Orchids, and eight enormous bouquets, which col- lectively brought out all the hues of the rainbow, but in- dividually were made up of two or three colours only, Fern fronds being sparingly used in each case, and were much admired by the ladies. His Cypripediums and Ccelogyne cristata were shown in large, round, very shallow, teak-wood tubs, with a neat wooden handle on each side: the plants were well elevated above the surface, and although about 3 feet across could be easily carried by one man. They are very durable, and well suited to plants of that nature. From Lady Campbell, of Gars- cube (Mr. R. Fleming, gr.), came one of the finest and best bloomed plants of Dendrobium speciosum seen in Glasgow for many years, most of the twenty-two spikes having perfectly developed flowers. Two bridal bouquets exhibited along with other floral decorations by Messrs. J. & R. Thyne, were especially noteworthy. Hybrid seedling Azaleas of the amrena type were extensively shown by J. B. Mirlees, Esq. (Mr. G. Russell, gr.) ; the best of those in commerce being shown alongside of Mr Russell's seedlings, proved the general superiority of the latter, one large hose-in-hose, a cross between A. amcena and A. Victoria, named General Gordon, being of special merit. For the collection of stove and greenhouse plants to fill a table 12 feet by 6 there were only two competitors. The ist prize was awarded to Messrs. J. & R. Thyne] nurserymen, Glasgow, who arranged a very effective group, conspicuous amongst which were some splendidly coloured Crotons of the leading varieties, and for which this firm is justly celebrated. Their Dracaenas were also equally well grown. Their best flowering plants were some fine forms of Cattleya Trianas, Cypripedium Bo.xalli and C. Lawrenceanum, the latter a grand variety with a large and deeply coloured dorsal sepal. John L Henderson, Esq., West Bank, Partick (Mr. John Mathi- SOD. gr.). was a good 2d, with much larger plants, which were shown to disadvantage owing to the restricted width of the table ; some of the .\zaleas were also a little coarse ; but the collection contained the best managed Palms and Cycads in the hall ; his plants of Dracaena indivisa (the true broad-leaved form) and D. Massangeana were much admired. The 1st prize for six stove and greenhouse plants, distinct varieties was easily won by John Gordon, Esq., of Aikenl head (Mr. Thos. Hogg, gr.), with fine plants of Gleichenia speluncae. Rhododendron Countess of Haddington, Cypripedium Boxalli and C. villosum, and two good Azaleas. The 2d prize was awarded to a much smaller collection from R. Ramsay, Esq , Lang- side House (Mr. James Clatworthy, gr.) ; this latter exhibitor, however, carried ist honours for three stove or greenhquse plants, with fine plants of Tremandra ericoides, Eriostemon pulchellum. and Azalea Ceres- Morris Carswell, Esq., Murcia House, Pollokshields, being 2d : in this collection there was a large and highly - coloured variety of Clivea miniata. R. B White, Esq., of Ardarroch (Mr. Thomas Leslie, gr.), was 1st for three Orchids, exhibiting Dendrobium nobile D. thrysifiorum, and D. Wardianum— the latter species being particularly well bloomed. In the classes for Azaleas and Rhododendrons there was nothing worthy of special notice except a well grown and splendidly bloomed plant of Azalea amoena ; and the 1st prize col- lection of Azaleas, restricted to pots not exceeding 8 inches : these came from the Aikenhead Gardens and reflected great credit on Mr. Hogg, the gardener. Plants for table decoration were a great feature of the show, the entries being numerous, and the collections all good. Mr. John Sutherland, Victoria Nursery, Lenzie was 1st with twelve plants (distinct varieties) in 6-inch pots, and which for beauty and symmetry of the indivi- dual plants could not be excelled ; Ale.xander Raeside, Esq., Yorkhill, was 2d. The gardeners' and amateurs' classes were equally well contested. Ferns were good, but the numerous other plant and cut flower classes con- tained nothing of special merit, except those confined to bulbs, and certainly these were in great numbers, and very good. The leading prize in the open class for eighteen Hyacinths (distinct varieties) was awarded to Mr. John Sutherland, nurseryman, Lenzie. In the gar- deners' classes ist honours were awarded to J. Young, Esq. (Mr. J. Buchanan, gr.), his spikes of bloom being of great size, very uniform, and of fine colour ; this exhi- bitor also staged Polyanthus Narcissus, splendidly bloomed. The Tulips shown by Mr. James Heron, Po!lockohaws Gardens, were also very meritorious. Prizes are offered by this Society in many classes of one, two, or three plants, cut flowers, bouquets, &c. , to encourage small amateur growers, and it is pleasing to note that many of the prizes were well contested, but I am aware that your space is too valuable to admit of any attempt at further enumeration. R. D. BATH EARLY SPRING SHOW. On the 2Slh ult., at the Assembly Rooms, the Floral Fete and Band Committee made their first venture in holding an early spring show, and judging from the number of exhibits, as well as their exceptionally fine quality generally, the enterprising gentlemen who form this committee, as well as the exhibitors, have abundant cause to be satisfied with the result, as it was in every respect a splendid exhibition. It is to be hoped such a signal success to commence with will be an inducement to them to continue these early spring shows, which are so deservedly appreciated by every one. T. A. S. Dorrien Smith, Esq., of Tresco Abbey, Isles of Scilly, exhibited a magnificent collection of Narcissi (not for competition), which, although not ([uite so numer- ous in variety as that exhibited on the 18th at Clifton, was in much better condition and proved most attractive to the visitors. Messrs. Cooling & Son, also Mr. James Cypher, of Cheltenham, contributed some choice miscel- laneous plants, consisting of early spring flowering plants, Roses, and other plants ; the latter firm con- tributing some good Orchids, for which it is becoming jusUy noted. The whole of the exhibits was pleasingly arranged in two large rooms. For eighteen Hyacinths. — ist, Mr. Wm. Taylor, gr. to S. P. Budd, Esq. ; 2d, Mr. G. Marsh, gr. to M. Dunlop, Esq.; Certificate of Merit, Mr! W. Dobson. For twelve Hyacinths, Mr. Taylorwasagain ist ; 2d, Mr. W. Thomas. Six Hyacinths.— Mr. Taylor again carried the ist prize ; 2d, Mr. Dobson ; Certificate of Merit, Mr. W. Thomas. For six Hyacinths, grown in glasses.— ist, Mr. Taylor ; 2d, Mr. G. Caraway. For twelve potsof Tulips.— ist, Mr. Marsh; 2d, Mr. D. Dob- son. Four pots of Tulips, single. — ist, Mr. Taylor ; 2d Mr. W. Thomas. Four pots of Tuhps, double.— isl,' Mr. Thomas ; 2d, Mr. Dobson. For si.x pots of Poly- anthus Narcissus.— ist, Mr. Thomas ; 2d, Messrs. Geo. Cooling & Son. Six pots of Crocus.— ist, Mr. Dobson • 2d, Mr. Drummond. Three sorts of Lily of the Valley.' —ist. Messrs. Cooling & Son ; 2d, Mr. W. K. Wait ; Certificate of Merit. Mr. Drummond. For three pots of Amarylly.— ist, Mr. F.J. Walker ; 2d, Mr.T. Jolly, For four hardy Rhododendrons. — ist, Messrs. Cooling & Son ; 2d, Mr. Drummond. For three Azaleas. — rst Mr. E. Bryant ; 2d, Col. Landon. Six Azalea mollis^ or Ghent vars.— Equal, Messrs. Cooling and W. c! Drummond. For a specimen Azalea. — ist, Mr. T.' Jolly ; 2d, Mr. Drummond. For three Orchids.— ist,' Mr. James Cypher ; 2d, Col. Landon. Specimen Orchid.— 1st, Mr. Cypher ; 2d, Col. Landon. Six Roses in pots.— ist, Gen. Doherty ; 2d, Mr. Taylor. Six Cinerarias.— isl, Mr. Jolly ; 2d, Mr. H. Pictor. For twelve Cyclamens.— ist, Mr. Taylor ; 2d, Miss Charies. Collection of plants arranged for effect. — ist, Mr. Geo'. Cooling ; 2d Mr. Drummond. Collection ditto by amateurs.— ist, Mr. E. Bryant ; 2d, Gen. Doherty. For six ornamental foliaged plants.— ist, Mr. E. Bryant'; 2d, Mr. Drummond. For four ornamental foliaged plants.— ist, Mr. R. B. Cator. I'or four stove and greenhouse plants in flower. — 1st, Mr. Bryant ; 2d, Gen. Doherty. Six exotic Ferns or mosses.— ist' Mr. Bryant ; 2d, Gen. Doherty. For six plants for table decoration.— Mr. W. K. Wait ; 2d, Messrs. Cool- ing & Son. For six Primulas.— 1st, Mrs. Counsell ; 2d, Col. Grant. For twenty hardy herbaceous plants.— ist' Messrs. Cooling & Son. For six pots of Violets —ist' Mr. Jolly ; 2d, Mr. Drummond ; extra, Mr. S, Tredwell' Bouquet for the hand.— 1st, Mr. W. H. Mould ; 2d' Mr. W. Pethwick. Three buttonhole bouquets —1st' Mr. H. Cooper ; 2d, Mr. W. K. Wait. Spray' for i lady's dress.- ist, Mr. Pethwick ; 2d, Mr. Bryant. Vase of flowers for table decoration. — ist, Mr. Pethwick ; 2d Mr. W. Mardon ; Certificate of Merit, Mr. Cypher' Twelve cut Roses.— ist, Mr. J. Mattock ; 2d, Mr w' Taylor, gr. to Alderman Chaffin, Esq. ; Certificate of Merit, Messrs. Cooling & Co.. Fruit, Best bunch of Grapes.— ist, Mr. W. Cooper Best dish of Apples.— 1st, Mr. F. J. Walker ; 2d, 'Mr S Butler. Best dish of Pears.— 1st, Mr. R. Hoo'perl Taylor ; 2d, Mrs. W. J. Smith ; Certificate of Merit Mr. S. Butler. Best dish of Strawberries, Mr. Cator. ' Vegetables. Brace of Cucumbers. — ist, Mr. G. Caraway ; 2d, Mr. F. J. Walker. Dish of Mushrooms. — 1st, Mr. James Stucky ; 2d, Mr. G. Caraway. Dish of Seakale.— ist, Mr. Caraway ; 2d, Mr. Landsdown Daubeny. Dish of Asparagus, fifty heads.— 2d, Mr. H. Mardon. Basket of Salad. — ist, Mr. Caraway ; 2d, Mr. Mould. Dish of Beans.— Certificate of Merit, Mr. S. P. Budd. T. S. C. 452 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [April 4, 1885. MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL : March 7. The exhibition of flowers, &c,, was excellent. John B. Moore & Son again showed some fine hybrid per- petual Roses. Jackson Dawson and William H. Spooner also brought hybrid perpetual Roses, and Delay & Meade a collection of Tea Roses. Mrs. Francis B. Hayes con- tributed a collection of Camellias. Azaleas, Rhododen- dron Veitchianum, and R. Veitchii laevigalum, Dendro- bium nobile, &c. C. M. Hovey had a large Azalea plant in flower, also a collection of cut Azaleas and Camellias. Miss S. W. Storey exhibited a variety of cut flowers. Gratuities were awarded by the flower com- mittee for all the above. James Cartwright showed a specimen of the Bourbon Rose Mme. Isaac Pereire. A Correipondent. MANURES. The following, for which we are indebted to our correspondent, Mr. De Mar, is a paper which was read at a meeting of the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society, and will be of interest to many of our readers resident near the great 6shing stations and 6sh markets of this country. The Hon. James J. H. Gregory was introduced to the meeling, and read a paper on " Nitrogen." After an introduction, showing the very small quantity of mineral matter in plants — a cord of wood, that might require two yoke of oxen to draw it and would be of the bulk of loo bushels, yield- ing but a bushel of ashes, which the driver might carry on bis shoulder — and the sources of this matter, he passed to the consideration of nitrogen, which makes up about four-fifihs of the air mass that sur- rounds the earth for a depth of about 50 miles, the other fifth being oxygen. This gives unnumbered thousands of tons of nitrogen, right at hand, but never available, for human knowledge has not yet discovered a way by which nitrogen can be economically got from it for plant food. We have to depend for our supply wholly on what plants and animals have incor- porated into their structure, using their waste in the form of manure, dead remains, either from land or sea, for our supply. The ammoniated liquor from the gasworks is but the waste produced from the remains of ancient forests which we burn as coal. When nitrogen is combined with hydrogen in the proportion of three parts of hydrogen to fourteen parts of nitrogen, we have ammonia, one of the most com- mon forms in which, from the waste of both animals and plants, nitrogen is fed to our crops. The other most important source of nitrogen is nitric acid. This is a combination of nitrogen with oxygen ; and nitrates, of which we see frequent men- tion in all works on manures, are a combination of nitric acid with soda, potash, and other materials called bases. It is well to fix in the mind that, in changing nitrogen to ammonia in any manure analy- sis, we must add about one-fifth to the quantity given. It appears to be the settled conviction among men of science, as the result of many experiments, that plants cannot take up pure nitrogen directly from the air. The theory is that they are able, in a greater or less degree, to get their supply through the water that carries it in some form in solution into the soil, and also from the air indirectly by the soil first separating it from the air that permeates it. Still another source of natural supply for plant growth is nitrogen in a latent condition, that has accumulated in the soil, set free by the action of such substances as lime and plaster. There is a general belief among agriculturists that plants have ways of collecting still but little known, while some extremists have gone so far as to declare that there is no nececessily of feed- ing nitrogen to our crops, for they can of themselves collect from natural sources all they require. There is a growing belief that their power to supply their wants from natural sources is greater than has hither- to been credited to them. It is found also that different kinds of plants have different capacities for taking up nitrogen. Clover is an example, for though nitrogen enters largely into its composition, it has such a capacity to help itself to the good things which surround it, that it needs but very little artificial help from the manure pile, while Wheat, though it needs but little nitrogen, is so dainty a feeder that it insists on a large artificial supply from which it may pick out that little. In regard to the sources from which the practical gardener can obtain nitrogen, Mr. Gregory first con- sidered hen manure, which has by some been compared in value to guano, but he regarded this as an over- estimate. He laid down a grand principle, that no more nitrogen, phosphoric acid, or potash can be ob- tained from the manure of any animal than is contained in its food. An ordinary hen will eat about 2 bushels of maize a-year, and the larger breeds about one-half more. From this they must take the material for about 125 eggs annually, a change of feathers, keep up the animal heat, and make up the growth of the body, besides performing the various functions on which life depends. Now, subtracting what is re- quired for these purposes, the waste element in our 2 bushels of maize shrinks to very small proportions. We must also take into account the fact that the droppings which we save are confined almost wholly to those made during half of the twenty-four hours. By analysis 2 bushels of maize contain, in nitrogen, potash, and phosphates, 46 cents in value. From this standpoint it will be seen that the droppings of a hen for a year cannot contain nearly the value sometimes claimed for them. For many years the essayist collected hen manure at a cost of I dol. per barrel, but afterwards reduced the price to 75 cents, and thought it at the latter price a cheap manure until he tested it side by side with an equal value of guano. Moreover, it is a sticky mass, difficult to handle, and it is worth any one's while to experiment, if it were only to realise the advantage in the handling of any commercial fertiliser over hen manure even in its finest state. It is generally com- posted with muck or dryish soil — three parts of muck to one of manure — and the compost should be made as fine as possible. A rake is the best tool to do this with, if it is sticky, and it should be turned over in three or four days, and a six-tined fork is a good implement for this purpose. Sulphate of ammonia, a by-product where coal is used for the manufacture of gas, is one of the principal sources of nitrogen. It looks like rather coarse salt, and is often sold in huge casks weighing 1000 lb. or 1500 lb. It is readily soluble in water, but does not waste in the air. Nitrate of potash (saltpetre) is usually too costly a source of nitrogen to make it available. Nitrate of soda is a remarkably stimulating fertiliser, but if there is much rain it will waste before plants can take it up. In dry seasons, however, it is better and cheaper than sulphate of ammonia, as the latter needs a degree of moisture to make plant food ; yet, on the whole, the latter is considered the better investment, for, first, it is not likely to be lost in the atmosphere ; second, it is not too soluble ; and, third, it has the power of clinging to the ingredients of the soil. Clay will hold it persistently, and even pure sand, when washed with water, will retain a large portion of it. Its ammonia is easily changed into nitric acid by ingredients in the soil. Nitrate of soda is very liable to be adulterated with white sand or broken quartz, and with common salt or the cheap potash salts. The purchaser should see that it dissolves entirely in water and does not taste distinctly of salt. Castor oil pomace affords a supply of nitrogen, but it must be kept from animals, as it is poisonous, and in spreading it care must be taken to go with the wind, as it is very disagreeable to the eyes or mouth. Cotton seed meal is better fed to stock, and the manure used, which will be n^^arly as rich as the meal before feeding. Occasionally spoiled meal can be found in the market, and this is as good for manure as the best, and is a very cheap source of nitrogen and phosphoric acid. Wood and horn shavings and leather are very rich in nitrogen, but it are not readily available, and therefore they have a low value as market articles. The last is excellent for mulching, and in time will decay and fertilise the ground, but if worked into tillage land it becomes a nuisance. The waste of the fisheries is one of the principal sources from which manufacturers obtain the ammonia in their fertilisers. The largest portion is from the fish called menhaden, hardheads, moss bunkers or fat backs. They are caught in immense quantities in nets, and boiled to secure the oil, in which they are rich. After pressing, the pomace or chum is packed in barrels or dried and ground. When a surplus of fish is caught they are sold to farmers, who put them directly on the grassland, where the effect is very stimulating for a few years, but the final result is that the soil becomes hard and the fish have less and less effect, and finally the crop is almost nothing. The fish are deficient in potash, and the result is what always comes from continuous manuring with any substance that is deficient in any one of the three essentials of plant food. The land can be restored by using potash. Other fish wastes are found in the form of spoiled fish, and the heads, sound bones, and entrails of fish which accumulate at fishing ports. So immense was the waste of heads, bones. &c., of fish at the Isles of Shoals that the harbour had to be cleared twice by dredging them out. The essayist left a standing offer wiih a fisherman, a few years ago, of 25 cents per 100 lb. for all surplus pollock ; the result was that 20,000 lb. of fine large fish, weighing from 8 lb. to 15 lb. each, just out of the water, was hauled to his manure heaps. Ail these substances are, however, very disagreeable and difficult to handle, re- quiring a vast quantity of soil to compost them. Where bay fishing is carried on on a large scale, liver or blubber chum can sometimes be found, and furnishes a very cheap source of nitrogen. It should be cut with sharp sand before composting, to make it fairly fine. Halibut chum is the refuse from the heads of halibut, which are cooked under high pressure to extract the oil, and the bones are left in such a state that they can easily be crumbled. It is especially rich in phosphoric acid. The skin, bones, and fins of salted fish, stripped and sold free of bone, are another form of fish waste, and the waste of herring and mackerel at the fishing stations is some- times made up into chum. Dogfish, a small species of shark, are caught in immensequantilies.and are very rich as manure, their muscles being very firm. The shells and other refuse of lobsters at canning factories are ground up and sold as plant food, and are especially rich in nitrogen. All fish waste must be composted with a large quantity of soil, or the crops will be burned ; and the compost, owing to its great richness, should be spread broadcast rather than used in the hill. Fish chum may be used broadcast or composted wiih poor manure to enrich it, or with soil, muck, or sawdust. It is surprising how penetrating is the ammonia from fish compost, and, therefore, in making a heap, the bottom layer of soil should be a foot or more in thick- ness. Cases have been seen when the fish was mixed liberally where the soil was full of ammonia for several feet below the surface. The layer of fish should be thick enough to just hide the soil, and the next layer of soil about 3 inches, and so on, scattering raw ground plaster over each layer of fish before covering with soil, at the rate of 50 lb. of plaster to 300 lb. of fish. The heap should be on level ground, with a little embankment around to catch the liquid that sometimes runs from it when the fish begin to decom- pose, or may be washei out by heavy rains, and it will be handy to fill up the holes that are apt to show on the top as decomposition progresses, letting out bad odours unless closed. Fish containing much oil are better composted with stable manure, and plaster should be scattered as before directed. If decompo- sition is slow to start, unleached ashes or lime may be mixed with the mass ; but be sure to cover the heap with several inches of soil. flaiitsis' Ikuf^rsi. SELECTIONS OF BOUQUET DAHLIAS. The best twenty-four bouquet or pompnn Dahlias will be found in Lady Blanche, white ; E. F. Jungker, amber ; Fanny Weimar, yellow, with slight edge of crimson ; Isabel, bright orange-scarlet ; Nemesis, dark maroon, occasionally tipped with white ; Rosetta, purplish-magenta ; Golden Gem, pure yellow ; Little Prince, deep crimson, distinctly tipped wiih while ; Mabel, lilac ; Favourite, dark maroon, edged with ciimson ; Gem, intense rich scarlet ; Little Duchess, white, edged with crimson ; Guidmg Star, white ; Hedwig PoIIwiz, red, distinctly tipped with white ; Little Bobby, rich crimson ; Pure Live, hiight lilac ; Rougier et Chauviere, bright blush, dashed with white ; Sappho, dark crimson ; Mdlle. V.ilentine Falconet, white, striped with purple; The Khedive, deep crimson, sufiFused with white at the base of the petals ; Wilhelm Nitschi, red, tipped with white ; Brunette, shaded red, blotched and lipped with white ; and Dora, pale primrose and white. The best twelve varieties would be Lady Blanche, E. F. Jungker, Fanny Weimar, Isabel, Nemesis, Rosetta. Golden Gem, Little Prince, Favourite, Gem, Little Duchess, and Mabel. Little Prince must not be confounded with Little Princess, they are quite distinct. Selections of Single Dahlias. There is some difliculty in dealing with these because there are now so many raisers of new varieties, and sucb an enormous number of the latter, that in sketching J April 4, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 453 a representative group of select varieties some raiser or the other will be likely to feel aggrieved on the ground that certain of his flowers are left out. I cannot do better than fall back upon a selection of twenty-four varieties made at the Dahlia Exhibition held last year at the Crystal Palace, viz., Admira- tion, dark maroon, edged with lake, medium sized, distinct and striking ; Alba, or White Qaeen, pure white ; Aurata, pure yellow ; Coccinea, bright orange-scarlet ; Dorothy, while, suffused with rosy- peach ; Duchess of Westminster, white ; Ellen Terry, pale peach ; Evening Star, bright crimson ; Falcon, deep crimson, edged with bright purple ; George Clarke, light purple, banded with deep crimson ; Harlequin, deep rose, with purple stripe down each petal ; Juno, rosy-lake, margined with silvery-rose ; Harold, dark velvety-maroon ; Lucy Ireland, rich magenta, sulTused with crimson ; Magnificence, pale silvery-pink ; Mauve f^ueen, pale lilac ; Mrs. Gold- ring, rosy-pink, rich and very pleasing; Mrs. Bow- man, bright purplish- magenta ; Negress, dark maroon ; Nora, bright pink ; Paragon, rich maroon, with purple edge ; Rob Roy, bright scarlet ; Sunbeam, deep yellow, very fine ; and Terra Cotta, creamy- yellow, suffused with pale brown. A select twelve would comprise Alba. Coccinea, Ellen Terry, Falcon, Harlequin, Juno, Lucy Ireland, Mauve Queen, Negress, Paragon, Magnificence, and Sunbeam. R. D, S7ATB Oy TUB WEATHER AT BLACKH BATH, LONDON, For the Week Endcng Wednesday, March 31, 1885. Hygrome- tncal De- Temperature op ductions Wind. i Glaisher's Tables 6th a Edition. ■J L § u E S. 2 0 Sua eSE si S . ,s Q e oj.? u d X 1 IF Q S|ll Mar. In. In. e ■ • 1- lln. '3 30.og -foji 47-4 3>-6 15.838.2 — 4-1 30,9 75 E.N.E. !°°° * »9 8j +006 50.9340 i6.94i.a — 1-3 37.0 85 ^^:K«> »7 29.80 +0-04 48.538.9 9.6 4».7 — 0.0 34.5 73 W.NW° °7 38 30 »5 +o3g 48.S3».4 16. 1 39.8 - 3-' 33.9 77 N.W. 3.00 "J 39.85 -foog SI.63J.3 19.4 41.9 - 1-4 36.7 84 S.E. 3 00 30 33.05 +030 53.6:36,3 17.3 47.3 + 3-5 37.9 71 E. 3. 00 31 30.(8 -4-0.33 55.031.024.0 43.4 — 0.6 3».7 66{ E. N.E. 3. 00 Mean 2998 +aaa 50.8,33.817.0 4».> — I.O 34 7 76 variable 1 007 March 25. — Very fine day ; dull tiight. — 26. — Fine morning ; dull afternoon. — 27, — Dull morning ; fine afternoon. — i8. — Very fine day. — ?9 —Fine day ; very fine night. — 30 —Very fine day and night. — 31.— Very 6ne day ; deep blue sky. LoN'DOV : Atmospheric Pressure. — During the week ending March 28, the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea was — decreased from 29 87 inches ai the beginning of the week to 29.82 inches hy 9 A.M. on the 22d, increased to 30.33 inches by 9 A M., decreased to 30,30 inches by i P.M., in- creased to 30.32 inches by 5 p.m. on the 23d, decreased ta 30.28 inches by 9 A.M., increased to 3047 inches by i p.m., and decreased to 30.13 inches by 5 p.m. on the 24th, increased to 30.31 inches hy 9 AM. on the 25th, decreased to 29 93 inches by 9 a m. on the 27th, increased to 30.30 inches by i p.m. on the 28th, and was 30,28 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading of the barometer for the week was 2986 inches, being 0.19 inch lower than last week, and o 20 inch above the average of the week. Temperature. — The highest temperature in the shade in the week was 50°.9, on the 26th ; the highest on the 23d was 42°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was 46'. 8. The lowest temperature was 25", on the 23d ; on the 27th the lowest temperature was 3S^9. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was 3i".6. The greatest range of temperature in one day was 1 8°. 7, on the 24th; the smallest was 9°. 6, on the 27th. The m.ean of the seven daily ranges was ij^.j. The mean temperatures were — on the 22d, 35°. 6 ; on the 23d, 33°. 7 ; on the 24th, 35".? ; on the 25ih, 3S°.2 ; on the 26th, 4i\2 ; on the 27th, 42°.7 ; on the 2SEh, 39°.S ; and these were all below (excepting the 27th, which was the same as its average) by 6''.3,S'', 3, 6\4, 4°. I, i°.3, and 3°. 2 respectively. The mean temperature of the week was 38°.!, being 2". 5 lower than last week, and 4°.2 below the average of the week. The highest reading of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo placed in the full rays of the sun was io5°.6, on the 2Sth. The mean of the seven readings was 99°.7. Kain fell on two days to the amount of o 74 inch, of which o 67 inch fell on the 22d, and 0.07 inch on the 27th. England : 7Vw/t';^a/«rt\^During the week end- ing March 28, the highest temperatures were 55° at Truro and Plymouth, 54°.5 at Cambridge ; the highest at Wolverhampton was 48". i, at Preston 48^5, at Nottingham and Bolton 49°. 7. The general mean was 51°. 2. The lowest temperatures were 25" at Blackheath, 25°.3 at Cambridge, 26''. 2 at Wolverhampton ; the lowest temperature at Plymouth was 33°. 5, at Liver- pool 33°. 4, at Nottingham 31°. 7. The general mean was 29°. 7. The greatest ranges were 29*. 2 at Cambridge, 26° at Hull, 25*. 9 at Blackheath ; the smallest ranges were 17". 2 at Liverpool, I7''.5 at Preston, 18° at Nottingham. The general mean was 21". 5. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was highest at Truro, 51*, at Cambridge 50". 2, at Ply- mouth 50°. I ; and was lowest at Sunderland, 44°. 7, at Wolverhampton 45''.2, at Bolton and Bradford 45°. 5. The general mean was 47°. I. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was highest at Plymouth, 38°.3, at Liverpool 37'^. 6, at Truro 37°. 3 ; and was lowest at Hull, 30^3, at Cam- bridge and Wolverhampton 31°. 3. The general mean was 34°. 3. The mean daily range was greatest at Cambridge, l8°.9, at Hull i6°.8, at Blackheath I5°.2; and was least at Liverpool, 9°.4, at Sunderland 9°. 8, at New- castle 10°. 8. The general mean was 12°. 8, The mean temperature was highest at Plymouth, 43", at Truro 42°,9, at Liverpool 41°. I ; and was lowest at Wolverhampton, 37°, at Hull 37*.5. at Brighton 37°.9. The general mean was 39°.5. Rain, — The largest falls were 0.74 inch at Black- heath, 0.53 inch at Bristol, 0,52 inch at Bolton; the smallest fall was 0.07 inch at Cambridge, o. 10 inch at Nottingham. The general mean fall was 0.25 inch. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. ©ijttuarfi. We have to announce the death, on March 30, ol Mr. Edward Rowe, at the age of forty-six year?. He was formerly gardener to the Viscountess Clifden, was a man of undoubted energy, a successful exhibitor of the Chrysanthemum and many other horticultural productions. His death occurred from consumption, at Northampton, in which town he had established himself as a florist. @nqui:rits. " Ht that gutstionetk muck sJtall learn much." — Bacon. Notice To Quit.— I took a few acres of land and a cottage on April 6, 1881. I have no written agreement, only a verbal arrangement that I was to use it as a nursery. I planted a portion of it with Quick, Syca- more, and other trees. In April last year my landlord gave me twelve months' notice to quit. I paid a small amount on entry for ploughing, digging, and for Peas and Beans, to my landlord, who now refuses to pay me for anything except for ploughing. Am I entitled to compensation for trees, &c. ? Ernest. [Consult a solicitor. Ed. J Answers to Correspondents. Blighted Laurel : G, Buchanan. The plants are evidently affected by a disease common to Rosaceae. There is no known cure for this mysterious malady, in which the skin is, as it were, lifted from the leaf. No iungpis or insect has as yet been discovered to account for it ; but by cutting back the wood severely, and by so doing getting a new growth entirely, the vigour of the tree or bush can be renovated. Boulevard and Playground Association. — We are requested by Miss Wilkinson to correct a mis- statement which appeared in our last issue, in reference to her having given ^^looo to the Association. The lady states ttiat, although she is desirous of helping that body in any way i-he can, the sum above named came from an anonymous donor, and not from herself. "Chemistry of Manuki-:.s :" R. B. Dr. Voelcker {not Faulkner) did not publish .such a book ; his papers are contained in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society. Climhing Plant: W. Mount. Ipomoea putpurea in many colours ; I. grandiflora ; L Nile, coerulean blue ; 1. violacea vera (rubro cosruleaj ; L violacea vera flore albo. Glass-house Shading: 7«/« IVitderQk, St. Nicolas. Dissolve plasterers' size in water ; suflicienl o( ttic lormer to be used so as to make the liquid sliglitly adhesive. Then mix into it as much Brunswick Green as will give the amount of shading you UMy desire, and if it should prove of too dark a lint on trial, put in a little powdered whitening. Mushrooms : E. C. The sample was that of very superior Mushrooms, the flesh being close, fine- grained, and juicy, and without that thick and coari^e appearance of the skin often seen in large examples. Mushroom, doubled : A. R. L. This occurrence is by no means rare. Names of Fruit: E. Thomas. Beurre Ranee. — T. Taylor, jean de Witte. Names of Plants : G. N. Gude. Carex, probably the Japanese C. Mounowii ; would be easier deter- mined if in fruit. — T. S. Thomasia solanacea, Frilil- laria Sewerzowii. Thanks for the Narcissus, of which we shall give a figure. — W. S. C. Sinivill. Saxifraga decipiens, Veltheimia viridifolia, Muscari conicuni, Fuchsia fulgens. — C. E. J. i. Acacia obliqua ; 2, A. armata ; 3, Aristotelia racemosa. — J . J. IV. This Cirrhopetalum we cannot venture to name specifically from the material. It is near C. Wightianum, &c.^ A. Brookes. Cornus mas. "On the Cultivation, Harvesting, Preserva- tion and Duration of the Vitality of Seeds :" F. C. Heinemann. There is no such book in English, but you have several in German. Peaches not Swelling : W. O. You must wait with patience till the stone is formed. Potato The Thorburn : J. M. Thornburn &=• Co., New York. Potato received. We will get it tried here, and report in due season. Vines and Roses : F. O. S. The Vine leaves were much eaten by thrips ; with the roots there seemed but little the matter. The tissues of the Rose leaves were very thin — evidently the result of hard forcing and bad ventilation ; a breath of cold air would cauoe the appearances noticed. •»* All communications intended for publication should be addressed to the *' Editor," and not to the Publisher, or to any member of the staff personally. The Editor would also be obliged by such communications being written on one side only of the paper and sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editor to see. Communications Received. —" West Wilts, "—J. N. Thor- burn.-J. R.-J. M.— T. S.— Sir T. L.— W. E. G.-W.-j. S.— C. K.— F. W. B.— C. S. S.— H. Correvoo, Geneva.-( . H , Copenhagea — J. D. — The Secretary of the Inierioi, WashioRtor.— E. Crump.— R. D — G. Malcnim —Hon. Mr . Bo>le.— H S.-A.-J. F.- J. J. W.— Paisley Flower Shov. — W.C.P.-M. Sullivan.— J. D.-R.H Evan^.-J Hu^h. . MARRIED, on Saturday, March 28, Pietro Ta- cagni to Edith, only daughter of Worthington G. Smith. mkzi^. CO VENT GARDEN, April i. No alteration to quote, the holidays checking London trade. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit. — Average Wholesale Prices. s.d. t.d. Apples, J4-sieve . . 16-50 — Nova Scotia aod Canadian, barrel 12 0-21 o Cobs, per 100 lb. ., 50 c-55 o Grapes, per lb. . . 50-80 J. d. s d. Lemons, per case ..la 0-18 o Pine-apples. Eng. .lb. 1 o- z o — Sl Michael, each 26-80 Strawberries, per 0£, 06-09 Vegetables— Average Retail Pricks. . d. s. d. Artichokes, Globe, per doz. . . ..40-60 Asparagus, Eoglibh, per bundle .. 3 6-10 o — French, bundle 15 0-20 o — Perpignan, nat., per bundle .. 20- .. Beans, Eng., per too z o- .. Beet, per doz. .. z o- ,. Cabbages, per doz. .. 16-20 Carrots, per bun. .. 06- .. Cauliilowers, Eng- lish, dozen.. .. 20-40 Celeriac, per root . . 04- . . Celery, per bundle.. 16-26 Cucumbers, each ,. 09- i 6 Endive, per dozen .. 20- .. Garlic, per ib. ..06-.. Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04! t. d. s. d. Horse Radish, bun. 30-40 Lettuces. Cab., dot. 16-.. — French Cos, each o g • . . Mint, green, bunch., o g- i o Mushrooms, p. ba&kt. 10-16 Onions, per bushel ■ 40- .. — Spring, per bun. 06-.. Paisley, per bunch., o 4- .. Peas, per lb. ..10-.. Potatos, new, per lb 06-10 Radishes, per doi. .. 10-.. Rhubarb, bundle .. o 6~ .. Salsify, per bund. .. i o- .. Seakate, per punnet 20-26 Small saladitig, per punnet . . ..04-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-.. Tomatos, per lb. ..20-26 Turnips, bun. .. 05- .. .Potatos.— All markets 5^. to los. per ton lower, with a bad trade. 454 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 4, 1885. Cut Flowers. — Average Wholbsalb Prices. s. d. s. d. Abutilon, i3 bunches 20-40 Acacia, Fr., basket.. 40-50 Anemone, 12 buDch. 30-90 Arum Lilies, la blms. 30-60 Azalea, la sprays ..06-10 Bouvardias, per bun. 10-16 Camellias, per doz .. 10-40 Carnations, 12 blms, 10-30 Cinerarias, per bun. 06-10 Cyclamen. 12 blooms 03-06 Epiphyllum, 12 blms. 04-06 Eucharis, per dot ,. 4 o- 6 0 Euphorbia jacquini- flora, 12 sprays .. 30-60 Gardenias, 12 blms.. 20-60 Heliotropes, izsp. .. 06-10 Hyacinths, Roman, 12 large bunches.. 30 0-48 o Lapageria, white, 12 blooms . . ..30-30 — red, 12 blooms .. ,.1 fr- 2 o Lily-of-Val.,i2sprays o 9-16 *. d, I. d. Marguerites, 12 bun. 30-60 Mignonette, 12 bun. 30-90 Narcissus, Paper- white, 12 sprays.. 09-10 — French, 12 bun. z o- 6 o Pelargooiums, per 12 sprays .. ..10-16 — scarlet, 12 sprays 06-10 Primroses, 12 bunch. 06-10 Primula, double, bun. 09-10 — sinensis, 12 bun. 40-60 Roses (indoor), doz. 20-60 — coloured, doz... 20-60 — French, per doz. 10-20 Sptrxa, 12 bunches.. 6 o- g o Tropxolum. 12 bun. 20-40 Tulips, 12 blooms .. 09-10 Violets, 12 bun. .. 04-09 — French, bunch.. 03-10 — Parme, French, per bunch . . ..30-50 Wallflower, iz bun.. 40-60 White Jasmine, bun. o 6- I o ,* Tlu prices ofiutJl 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 Inches Long, By 12, 14, 16 and i8 ■WiH. Wide. BOX SIZES, as above. BOXES FREF,. CARRIAGE PAID on Orders of looo feet and more. SrEClAL OptORTUNITV. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, WEST SMITHFIELD, LONDON, E.C. Please Qorte ChrtnticU. BEESON'S MANURE Is the best for all Horticultural Purposes. Sola In Tins at Is.. 2s. 6d., and lOs 6d each ; also la Sealed Air-tight Bags, containing 1 cwt , 138. The los. 6d. Tins setve as a strong substantial receptacle to rejill from the 1 c7t'(_ bags. Supplies can be obtained throuah all respectable Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists in the Kingdom ; cr, in distiicis where no Agents reside— Carriage Paid for Cash with Otdc: — direct from the manufacturer, W .H , Beeson, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. Testimonials from the Rev. Canon Hole, and moit of the leading Gardeners, free on applicatio.i. Pure Crushed Unboiled BONES, any siz-^, for Vine Bordeis, &C. WHOLESALE AGENTS IN LONDON, CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO (Limited). EUREKA! ! INSECTICIDE. Prepared by WILLIAM SMITH, Chemist, Stockbrldge, Edinburgh. HigJiest Awards Forestry Exhibition, Edinburgh. " Clovenfords, by Galashiels, N.B., July 25, 1883. " Mr. Smith, — Dear Sir, — We have now tried your Insecii- cide on all the Insects we can find on any of our Plane*, includ- ing Orcbids, and used as directed by you we find it instant destruction to ihem all, while it neither siains nor injuie. the tenderest leaf. We shall in future use no Fir-tree Oil, or other Insecticide but yours. — We are, yours truly, "WILLIAM THOMSON and SONS." WHOLESALE AGENTS:— COURT, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., 18, Finsbury Street, London, E.C. ECONOMY AND EFFICACY IN THE GARDEN HV THE USE OP JEYES' "GARDENER'S FRIEND." One Gallon of ihis Fluid, diluted with water according to direction.', and applied with an ordinary watering-can, Effectually Removes all Weeds, lUoss, Wormr, and Insects on Gravel Walks, Lawns, &c. Price, 31 6 /, per gallon, including drum ; 40-gallon ca^ks, ,£4 icj. Carnage paid. JEYES' SANITARY COMPOUNDS CO. (Limited), 43, Cannon Street, London, E.C. 12- oz. Sample Packets, free by post, 12 siamps. FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, &c — BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best q.ialiiy f..r Orlids, Stove Plants. &c , ;£6 6s. per Truclt. BL AC K FI B ROU S P F AT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas. Heaths. Amencan Plant Bed-, 15J. per ton per Truck. Sample Bat:, gi ; s Bags, 2:.>t f-ff. ; lo Bags. 4SS. Bagsincluded. Fresh SPHAGNUM, los 6rf. per Bag SILVER SAND, Coarse or F"ine. 51s. per Iruck ol 4 tons. WALKER AND CO.. Farnbcirnnah Sl.aiinn. Han's. EMON OIL INSECTICIDE (Registered). — Soluble in water. The cheapesr, safest, and most effectual Insecticide extant. Harmless to flower and loliage. Instant death to Mealy Bug, Scale, Thrips, Red Sp der. Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Mildew, Ants, &c As a winter dressing unequalled. See circulars, with testimonuilst from many of the leading Gardeners on its behalf. Sold by most of the leading Nurserymen, Seedsmen, andCardea Manure Manufacturers, in tins — perpint, \s.bd.', quart, ;x, ^.: half gallon, 5s. ; gallon, qs. Directions for use with each tin. Wholesale, J. W. COOKE, Ma.ket Place. Winsford ; and A, LAING, Kawcliffe, Selby, Yoiks ; also Messrs OSMAN AND CO., 15, Windsor Street, Bishopsgate, London ; and W, FRASER, i2j, High Street. Perth. Mildew aud Other Hurtful Fungi, Red] Spider, &g., Extirpated by PHILIP HARRIS AND CO.'S specially prepared SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM, which i^ very soluble. See article by E. Tonks, Esq., B.C.L., in iia* dtntn' Chronicle, February 28, p. 276, describing the great cll'icacy of this preparation, with which his successful experimci ts were made. Sold in Bottles. One Shilling, Each (post-fr NT r> O M T7 /- lVarehouses~OLD SWAN ]VHARF, \ i- '^ i n L* U IN , t.L.. ^ . ! ! Wright & Holmes. Illustrated Price LIST free on application to the Patentees, WRIGHT & HOLMES, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COMBINED. WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTING LODGES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &o. 1 1(3 I a s = i & •S -g HORTICULTURAL PREPARATIONS. The best and most effectual yet introduced. FOWLER'S LAWN SAND, for destroying Daisies, Dandelions, Plantains, Ribbed Grass, Thistles, and other weeds oo Lawns, Croquet Grounds, Bowling Greens, Parks, &c.: at the same lime acting as a fertiliser, and improving the growth and colour of the grass. Price in tins, if., aj. f>d., and 5J.: kegs, 20 lb. tor.; 56 lb. iijr : 112 lb. 36J. GARDENER'S INSECTIClDE.ior destroy- ing all the various Insects infesting plants and trees. It is easily applied either by dipping, syringinE, or spongioE ; will not injure the most delicate flower, fruit, foliage, or root. In jars, \s. td.. 3J., IS. 6d.. and loj. each ; and in kegs, 28 lb., 21 j. 56 lb., .\is ; 112 lb., 845. each. FOWLER'S MEALY-BUG DESTROYER, for the special eradication of this most troublesome of stovehouse plant pests. It is easily applied, is instant destruc- tion to both insect and ova. and does not injure the foliage. In bottles, ij., 2j. 6d., Si. and xos. ; half-gallon, sis. ; one gallon, 47s. each. pOOLEY'S WORM DESTROYER, for -L eradicating every kind of Worm from pots, lawns, &c. It is easily and cheaply applied, and will not harm the most delicate plant. In bottles, ts., 75. 6d., ys., and i2j. 6if. each. Tj^ WING'S MILDEW COMPOSITION, for -LJ the prevention or destruction of Mildew on all plants. In bottles, IJ. 6d. and 31. each, ELLIOTTS IMPROVED "SUMMER CLOUD '■ Shading for Greenhouses, &c. For efficacy, econotny and lasting elffuts this article remains unrivalled. In Packets, is. ; 141b., 285. ; 28 lb , soj. HOT-WATER APPAEATU3 for WARMING CHURCHES. SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MANSIONS, HABNESS ROOMS, DRTINa ROOMS, HOTHOUSES and BUILDINGS of EVERY DESCRIPTION. COKRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Limited, SOLE MANUFACTURERS, LONDON. ■pPPS'S SELECTED PEAT— Forty sacks, J— ^ 2J, 6d. per sack ; 30 ditto, 21. gd. : 20 ditto, 3J. 6d, ; 10 ditto, 4s. 6d. ; sacks, 6rf. each. In trucks of 14, cubic yards, 11.1. per yard. For Rhododendrons and common purposes, 14.1. per ton, not less than four tons ; sample sack, 2s. 6d. LOAM, SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, &c. See Special List, also for the Trade. Ringwood, Hants. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight, i to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, is., 35., and 10s. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, bd. and is., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. ILVER SAND, excellent, coarse, ys, and 8j. per ton. PEAT, excellent, 6s., 8j. and los. per cubic yard. LOAM, excellent, ms. and 12J, per cublcyard. Free on rail by truckloads. In sacks at moderate prices. W. SHORT, Horticultural Company. Midhurst, Sussex. ROLL TOBACCO PAPER, Cloth, and Fibre for Fumigating, The best and strongest it is possibi- tonbiain. 61b. 4* 6d. 141b., los. : 281h., 20s. Good strong TOBACCO PAPER or CLOTH, 6 lb., 3i 6d. -. 141b., 81. : 28 lb. 151. Carriage paid to London or any Railway Staiion in Kent. All our articles contain the pure essence of Tobacco only. Used in Royal Nurseries the Gardens of the Nobility, by Leading Men of the ProfesMor, f^c, PARCEL POST. Our celebrated Best ROLL TOBACCO PAPEB, CLOTH, and FIBRE, guaranteed sime quality as above, delivered free tn any address in ihe United Kingdom, at the following rates ; — sH lb., 2S. 6J. ; 4ji lb., 4r. ; 6 lb , 5s. ; 6U lb., 51. 6J. Manufacturers, DARLINGTON BROS., CHATHAM. Old TOBACCO ROPE, very strong, for fumigating, 14 lb., 4f. 6iJ. ; 28 lb., 8s. : 56 lb , icf. : I cwt., 285. Post-office Order and Cheques Darlinylor. I'.rn^ , rin.i, m^ HOTHOUSE SHADING. SPECIAL LOT. Good, useful, open, and strong texture, suitable either for Netting or Shading, 72 inches wide, 50 yards long, price 6d per yard. Also Special Lot, Commoner quality, 42 inches wide, 88 yards long, price i^d. per yard. Also same cloth, 48 inches wide, price 2d. per yard. TIFFANY, ssinches wide, extra strong, price 4 J^^. per yard. Write for Patterns to MANAGER, Albert Mill, Swinton, Lancashire ; or to Mr. G. C. GILLESPIE, 12A. Bread Street. London, E.G. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c. Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities of BETHAM & SON, 9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. E.G. B. & Son have always a large stock in London of 20 in. by 12 in., 20 in. by 14 in., 20 in. by 16 in., 20 in. by 18 in., in i6-oz. and 21-0Z. : and also large sizes in all qualities for cutting-up purposes, in 200-ft. and ^00-ft, cases. SPECIAL G LASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c. All sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application. T. & "W. FARMILOB, Rochester Row, Westminster, London, S.W. 456 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 4, 1885. FlBhermen always buy new Netting, wear It very hard for six years. lh=» sell U to the Gardener (or half «f ""Einal cost, thus wearing a good article six years at the same price the Gardener pays for the old n.ts that only last mo years. BUY NEW NETTING, 2 yards wide, Ad; or 4 yards wide. 8i per yard, tanned : or the REPAIRtD FISHING NET. 2 yards wide. ici. per .00 yards ; 4 yards wide, =oi per ■«. yards! -W. CULLINGFORD, Forest Gate, E. GAR D EN N ETTI N G. S. A. SANDS (Successor to J. W. Haythorn), IVIANUFACTURER OF HEXAGON AND CHISWICK GARDEN NETS. Wairanted to Protect Bloom from Frost, Winds, Hail. and Fru.t Irom Birds, Wasp', &c. Pattern and Prices Free per Post. Address— S. A. SANDS, 20, CLUMBER STREET, NOTTINGHAM. TANNED GARDEN NETTING. t yard wide . . Y^d. per yard I 3 yards wide .. -^^.(1. per yard. J yards wide . . i^d. per yard I 4 Va'ds »"de . . -id. per yard. 500 yards and upwards delivered free to any part. GREENHOUSE SHADINGS. SCRIM TIFFANY and COTTON NETTING. A set of samples, with prices, post-free. RUSSIA MATS, RAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER, PEAT. SILVER SAND. COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, GARDEN TOOLS, &c., at the lowest possible prices. Ducriptivc CA TA LOGUE post-free on application. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 149. Commercial Street, Shoredltch, London, E. ROBher'B Garden Edging Tiles. i:il«iii|il!f jSJiiS^^ made ^HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS in materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially ^^^ suited for KITCHEN — ^ GARDENS, as they har- bour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and, once put down, incur no further labour or expense, grown " Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS. &c.. in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design F. ROSHER AND CO, Manufacturers, Upper Ground S reel, Blacltlriars. S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ■ Kingsland Road. E Agents lor LOOKER'S PATENT" ACME" FRAMES. PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price LISTS Free by Post. The Trade supplied. /^RNAMENTAL V^ for Conservatories, Halls, PAVING TILES, Corridors, Balconies, &c , fnm 3i. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheet of Piaiu or nived and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles o all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates. Cement, &c. F. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. s I Oxford Street, FANY and NET- TING of every Description. Circular and Prices on application. TOHN SHAW AND CO., 31, *f Manchester, Manufacturers of TIFFANY and NET- tJnder the Patronage of the Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. LVER SAND, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price, by post, per Ton Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct fioin ts 10 any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. B'LlNTSand BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. ICENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any I uititieade Mark.) H LAWN MOWER REPAIRS. Tiles for Lining Walls of Conservatories. ART POTTERY, including JARDINIERES AND OTHER Table Decorations, and Vases. FountalnB, &c., for tlie COQbervatory, In DOULTON WARE, LAMBETH FAIENCE, AND THE NEW SILICON WARE. DEANE AND CO. have SPECIAL FACILITIES for Grinding and Repairing Lawn Mowers of all makes, a large BtaiT of EXPERIENCFD WORKMEN being empir^yed for Ihepvirpnse. THOROUGHNESS in REPAIR and MODE- RATE CHARGES guaranteed. Early orders for repairs are requested, as it is difficult to insure prompt delivery if left lili ihe beginning of the season. Estimates giveu in all cases before commencing the work. r\ r\ PER CENT. FOR CASH )\\ OFF ALL LAWN MOWERS L^ \J CARRLAGE PAID. AIJ ihe best makes of Lawn Mowers in Stock. Lawn Mowers. Rollers Barrows, Garden Seats. Spades. Forks, and Tools, Wlrework. &c.. &c. DEANE AND CO.'S ILLUSTRATED GARDEN CATA- LOGUE (the most complete Catalogue of Garden Furniture published) gratis and post-free. Show Booms, Albert Embankment, S.E. This VARNISH is an excellent sub-^titute for od paint on all outdoor woik, while it is fully two-thirds ch-aper, It was introduced upwards of thirty years ago by tl e Advertisers, .ind iis genuine gocd quality, nntwiihstanding a host of unprincipled imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It may be applied bv an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing or thinning, and is used cold. It is used in the grounds at Wii)dsor (Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most flattering testimonials have been received. Sold in Casks of abnut 30 gallons each, at \s. 6rf. per gallon, at the Manufactory, or i.r. %d. per gallo.i C-irriage paid to any Station lu the Kingdom. Unsolicited Testimonial. *' Pierct field Park. June 21, 1876.— Sirs.— I have this day forwarded from Chep^tow ti your address a black varnish cask, to be filled and reiurned with as good Varnish as the last we hid, which I canoidly admit was the best we ever had. Address Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow.— I am, Sirs, yours re- spectfullv. Wm Cox." CA UT10N,— W\\ I. & Smith would particularly warn their Customers against ihe various cheap Varnishes now so much advertised. H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ; and iheir constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article. Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered Trade Mark as ab .ve, without which none is genuine. Large illustrated CATALOGUE of I'Vncing Hurdles, Field and Entrance Gates, 8:c , sent free on application to HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire: n8, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.G.; and 196, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. DEANE & {t^lf). LONDON CO., BRIDGE. IRON HURDLES, GATES, TREE GUARDS, Iron and Wire Espalier, &c. CATALOGUE Free. Please name this paper. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, VICTORIA WORKS. WOLVERHAMPTON; And 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London. E.C. W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. W H. LASCELLES and CO. will give Estimates for every descripiion of HOKTICULTURAL WORK, free of char".', and send competent assistants when necessary. LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWOKK. material la various coluurs. Samples can be seen and prices obtained al 121. Bunhill Row. and 35, Poultry. Cheapside. E.C. Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs (or walls, jvaihs. and stages, sent pon-free on application. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the most useful kind of Frame for Plant Growing, and every one with a garden should possess one. The sa.shes turn right over one on the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. S'zcs and prices, carnage paid to any station in England, ready glazed and painted : — b Icet long. 4 feet wide, packmg cases free ;ta 15 o 12 feet long, 4 feet wide, „ ,. *, 4 »5 o 6 feci long. 5 icei wiue, „ „ .t 3 '5 <> 12 feet long, 5 leel wide. ,, .. _ .» 6 10 o 'Ihe glass is nailed and puttied in. R. HAL LID AY Sc CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDPI.ETON "^ MANCHESTER. April 4, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 457 ALL MACHINES SENT CABBIAOE PAID and A MONTH'S FREE TRIAL ALLOWED. THE WORLD. THE AUTOMATON. RANSOMES' LAV/N MOW^ERS THE 'WORLD" LAWN MOWERS are the best for cutting long grass, and are constructed nn the American system with the special advantages of Knglibh materials and workmanship. They are made in nine sizes, 8 to 24 inches. Prices from 45s. to £10. THE ** REVERSIBLE" LAWN MOWERS are suilable for small gardens and borders. They roll the grass as well as cut it, and can be used cither side upwards. They are made in three sizes, 6 to 10 inches. Prices from 27s. to 45s. THE "AUTOMATON" LAWN MOWERS are the best machines for general purposes and gardeners' use. They leave no ribs in the grass but produce a perfect surface. They are made in eight sizes, 3 to 22 inches. Prices froni 65s. to £8 10s. THE HORSE-POWER MOWERS are the best for Large Lawns, Criclcet and Lawn Tenuis Clubs. They are used on the Cricket Grounds of the Oxford and Edin- burgh Universities and numerous Colleges and Public Schools. They are made in six sizes, 26 to 4S inches. Prices from £14 10s. to £32. Complete Price LISTS may be obtained from any respectable Ironmonger^ or RANSOMES, SIMS & JEFFERIES (Ld.), IPSWICH. THE MOST SUfTABLE FOR SHADING ORCHIDS, FERNS, Palms and Stove and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. ^ It is a strong, durable Coiioa /^CjO y^^^T^^' Netting, woven in squares so y^ \.\D^/^ sUnds the close as to exclude the >^.r>\> >^weatherbetter direct rays of the sun, y< ^CXS^ jT ^^^^ any othei y\\Sr ji< class of Shading, OiNj ^^ and may be ben«fici- o( light attain- /l.»\ ^ y^ '*"!' "^*"^ °" account of able through /^ 0\* / '^ thickness of its texture, shading. y^ ^l^V y during cold weather, to keep Xf^ ^ /^ thefro'tout. R, Warner. Esq., fc^ y^ Broomfield, Chelmsford, has em- »^s^ y^ ployed this m.uerial for some years, Vy*.^ /"^ and speaks very highly of it, pronounciriE I ^ y it to be the very best material for Orchids he has ever used. Blinds made ufi and fixed cempUte. Sold in pieces, 30 yards long by \% yard wide. Price 45i. each. Sample submitted. B. S. WILLIAMS, VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. 4^y Russia Mat MeTChants. A RCHANGEL MATS, PETERSBURG -t^ MATS, of all qualities and sizes, RAKFIA FIHRK, TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER, &c. For Wholesale P lets applv to the largest Importers and Manufactuters — MAREN DAZ AND FISHER, 9, James Street, Covent Garden, W C. GARDEN NETTING, HOTHOUSE SHADINGS, &c. Before buying for the season send for Samples and Prices to RIGBY, WAINWRIGHT and CO., Manufacturers, Neptune Works, Manchester. HENRY ORMSON & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HOT-WATER HEATING ENGINEERS, STANLEY BRIDGE. KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. Catalogues, Plans and Estimates free on application. Surveys made and Gentlemen waited on in any part of the Country. S. OWENS & CO., HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS, WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.C. \ THE IMPROVED SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAM. This useful Seli-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to any height or distance without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is suited for supplying Pubhc or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations &c DEEP WELL PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power. x,. ._ ^ „ PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or Steam Power. .^, , „ No. 46a. IMPROVED DOUBLE-ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering No. 49a. GALVANISED SWING WATER CARRIERS, for Garden use. No. so and 542. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description. No. 38. PORTABLE LIQUID MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction. No. 37. No. 63. No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in Oak or Galvanised Iron Tubs. No. 545. THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for the Right Hon. the Earl of Essex. No. 44. WROUGHT.IRO.M PORTABLE PUMPS of aU sizes. No. 4. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or STABLE PUMPS. 3». rut^l^t^L.^ l^iguiD MANURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction. ^"^ '''■ ''■''' """SSFn S°^^ '"'''^ '" "^"'""^ "^ ^"^ '''"°"' °' ""^ '"' WATF^^SIfi"? S$?A^-?r°T'i',%"Tr,?,"?„^/S.=','=''^'^ description of Hydraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES, S^f A7M^« Hn^ m4^=^^<.^° APPARATUS, BATHS, DRYING CLOSETS, G.ASWORKS, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution, FIRE MAINS, nYL)K.A«1^5, tiUisb. pipes, &c., &c. Particulars taken in any part of the Country. Plans and Estimates furnished ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION. 458 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 4, 1885. DEANE & CO.'S RANGE OF HOUSES. _No. 9. — A very useful range of three-quarter-span houses, divided into three parts, the centre part projecting 2 ft. more than the ends. It can be varied in form to almost any extent. Designs and estimates for ranges of Houses, including Coi- servatory, Peach-houses, Vineries, &c., prepared and furnished free. ESTIMATES.— The prices givenare for ERECTING COM- PLETE, by our own men, within 15 miles of London Bridge, including building dwarf wall, 2 ft. high, in 9 in. brickwork, at front and ends, two divisions on 4J^-in. brickwork, and erecting, painting, and glazing in the best style. HEATING APPARATUS— No reliable price can be given for this off-hand, as the heat required in the different divisions varies so much, but estimates will be forwarded when informa- tion is obtained as to the purpose for which the various divisions are to be used. Length. Width, ^^^^t,. P"«- 34 ft. . . 8 ft. . . 10 ft. . . {,\^ \o 30ft. .. lolt. .. 12ft. .. 55 10 ESTIMATES 36 ft. .. 12 ft. .. 14 ft. .. 6710 FOR 48ft. .. 12 ft. .. 14ft. .. 8310 HEATING 60ft. .. 12ft. .. 14ft. .. 100 o APPARATUS 72 ft. .. 12 ft. .. 14 ft. .. 118 o ON 84ft. .. 12ft. .. 14ft. .. 135 o APPLICATION. 96 ft. .. 12 ft. .. 14 ft. .. 151 o PROPORTIONATE PRICES FOR OTHER SIZES. AND ERECTED IN ANY PART OF THE COUNTRY. SURVEYS MADE IN ANY PART OF THE COUNTRY, FREE OF CHARGE. Ladles and Getitlemen waited upon at their Residences, and DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES for Conservatories. Greenhouses, and Horticultural Buildings of every description PREPARED AND FURNISHED FREE. ILLUSTRATED SHEETS of Conservatories, Greenhouses, &c., with Prices for Erecting and Heating, FREE ON APPLICATION. DEANE & CO., Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, ^\^i»"E.c"""| LONDON BRIDGE. BOULTON & PAUL NORWICH. SMALL, HANDY, LEAN-TO FRATttES. TWO-LIGHT FRAMES, 6 feet by 4 feet, painted three coats, and glazed with 2i-oz. English glass. Carriage paid, price £2 28. If with hinges, set-opes and prop, as shown, price £2 lOs. 6d. Packing 3s., allowed in full if returned. THREE-LIGHT FRAME, largest size made, 9 feet by 4 feet, price £3- If with hinges, set-opes, and prop, as shown, price £3 lOS. Packing 4s,, allowed in full if returned. No. 74.— Three-quarter Span-roof Garden Frame. REDUCED CASH PRICES, Carriage Paid. Si7e. Length. Width. Price. Packing Case. No. 2 .. 8 feet .. 6 feet .. ^4 12 6 ., jj. No. 3 . ■ 12 feet . . 6 feet . , 6 5 o . . 6j. No. 4 .. 16 feet .. 6 feet .. 8 o o . . 7* , Height in front 11 inches, back 22 inches, centre 32 inches. Lights made to turn over. Set-opes for ventilating. Carriage paid to any Railway Station in England and Wales ; also to Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dublin and Belfast. Prici Lists post-free. Illustrated Catalogues 12 stamps. ARDEN REQUIsfxEST— SticksTLabeis, Virgin Cork, Raffia Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames St.. London. E.C. ShaNKSS PATENT rH£ ONLY LAWN MOIVER FITTED WITH DOUBLE £0€£a 50t€ ftAT£ WMsmc THE CUTTING PARTS MACHINE Easily Worked^ r. Making the Lawn like Velvet k;^ .. . Does not get out of order PRICE S. TOCUTIOIKCHESWIDE, £3 10 OITo CUTI9INCKESWIDE,lS 0 0 To CUT 14 lUCHESWIDE, ; |o 0 ' '""^'""^"'^"'"'^' ° '" "■ TOCUTIeiNCKESWIDE, G 10 olTo CUr24INCHESWI0E. 9 00 t. J ||Ui»^^ ILLUSTRATED LISTS of" THESE UNRIVALLED MACHINES POST FREE OF" AL-L SI2E:.S ALEX.SHANKS&SON DENS IRONWORKS ARBROATH ; Z( 27 LEADENHALL STREET, LONDON. E.G.' A larde Stook of Machines d all sizes always kept atZ7Leadenhall Street — • r-WHERE REPAIRS CAN ALSO BE EXECUTED — "I SMALL LAWN MOWERS . VC 6 INCH as/. , TiNCM «/- , SlNCH tS/- t—tM k . EANSOMES' NEW PATENT EDGE CUTTER. THIS Machine is a light, simple, strong, and useful substitute for Hand Shears, for trimming the edges of Lawns. It can be guided with the greatest ease either in a straight line or round the edges of flower beds, &c. The depth of cut can be varied to suit the depth of the edge by simply tilting the conical roller more or less. The knives can be adjusted to the fixed blade as they wear, and can be readily re- moved for sharpening. After a little practice with this Machine, a man can trim the edges as fast as he can walk, thus doing from five to ten limes as much work as with the ordinary shears. Price .. .. 35s. Car*i'ige Pait to ntty Railioay Station, RANSOMES, StMS & JEFFERIES (Limited). Ipswich. X TAKE NOTICE OF X WOOD & MILTON'S PATENT. The Future Boiler for Nurserymen and Gardeners. Healing any amount up to 15,000 ft. Advantages over all other inven- tions. Price Listtree on application. Please write your addressesplainly. T. WOOD, Hot-water Engineer, RUDGEWAV HOUSi:. EASTVILLE, BRI.STOL. rSave your Coal by Heating with UBULAR SADDLE '' RED ROSE." On view near Orient.-il F.iir, Alexandra Palace. For par- „ ticulars.&c, apply to JOSEPH WITHERSPOON Red Hose i> Vinenes, Chesterd. per piece SHADING BLINDS made up any size. RICK CLOTHS. TARPAULINS, Corn and Potato SACKS, FLAGS, TENTS, &c., for Sale or Hire. From HY. VAN and CO. (the oldest London House in the Trade, esUblished 1780), 17, Tooley Street, London Bridge. S.E. O R THE FARM. RICK CLOTHS. S yards square, to cover 18 loads, No. i quality .. j£6 o o ti ditto „ ,, 2 „ ..540 8 ditto ,, ,, 3 II . . 2 lo o Q ditto ,, 34 *) I >i ..880 9 ditto ,, ,, 2 ,, ..67a 9 ditto ,, ,, 3 It ••300 10 ditto ,, 32 ,, '11 •■ 9 7 ^ JO ditto ,, ,, 2 ,, ..826 10 ditto ,, ,, 3 »» . . 3 10 o T[ ditto ,, 40 ,, In .. II o o 11 ditto ,, ,, 2 ,, .. 9 12 o 11 ditto ,, ,, 3 .t •- 4 5 o 12 ditto ,, 50 11 I (. •■ 13 10 o 12 ditto ,, ,, 2 ,, .. II 14 o 12 ditto ,, ., 3 .. ■ • 4 '5 o ROPES and BLOCKS, Sand 9 yards, clolh-each.. 250 Ditto ditto 10 „ ..,,.. 2 18 o Ditto ditto II ,, 12 ,, .. ,, .. 3 IS o POLES .. .. 8 ,, 9 „ 1 12 6 Ditto . . . . .. . . 10 ., .. ,,..276 Ditto II and 12 ,, .. „ .. 315 o H. VAN AND CO.. 17, Tooley Street, London, S.K. ARDEN NETTING (each piece 30 yards long). No. z at ^Y\d. per run jard of 54 inches ; 72-incb, (i%d, \ loo-inch, SJ^i/. No. 3 at sJ^t^. per run yard of 54 inches; 72-inch, ^y^d.\ ico-inch, io%d. HOTHOUSE SHADINGS (each piece 30 yards long). Fine NETTING 'i%d. per run yard of 54 inches ; 72-inch, 7!^(/. 100-inch, \o'%d. No. 6a NETTING gj^rf. per run yard of 54 inches ; 72-inch, IS. o%d. ; loD-inch, is. ^d. No. 6 NETTING rod. per run yard of 54 inches; 72-inch, IS. jd,\ loinch. \s. yd. No. I TIFFANY, 35. 6d. per piece, 20 yards X 38 inches wide. No. 2 TIFFANY, 41. per piece, 20 yards x 38 inches wide. P.S. — Nettings and Shadings made up in bimds if required. RALPH \VALLER and CO. (Limited), 45, Dale Street, Manchester. J BLACKBURN and SONS, ^ • Russia Mat Merchants and Importers. ARCHANGEL and PETERSBURG M ATS of every de- scription at wholesale prices for Packing, Covering, and Tying, from I2i, per loa. Manufacturers of SACKS and BAGS, ROPES, LINES, and TWINES, SEED BAGS all si;e=, SCRI M and TI FFAN Y, for shading and covering, in all widths ; TANNED NETTING, TARRED TWINE and TARRED YARN, RAFFIA FIBRE for tying, TOBACCO PAPER and TOBACCO CLOTH. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, and GARDEN SUNDRIES. Price List free on application. Special Quotations to large buyers. 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C. WANTED, a PARTNER, or to PUR- CHASE one of the best concerns in the Trade, enjoying a fine and rapidly increasing business. An altOEClher excep- tional opportunity for a capitalist. Amount rea.uired from an Incomer, not less than .£5000. Arrangements could probably be made to retain the services of the Managers and Foremen.— Apply to Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, City, E.C. ANTED, a PARTNER (either sleeping or active), with Capital, for an old established Nursery and Seed Business io one of the best districts in England, 60 miles from London, or the Business may be purchased on easy terms.— Communications, in first instatice, to JOHN LAING and CO., Forest Hill, S.E., who »ecommcnd this as a good opportunity. ANTED, a PARTNER, with a small Capital, single or married, with no family. — Apply, by letter, to G. ROUSE, Florist, The Green, Twickenham. WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR- DENER ; Early and Late Forcing.— Apply, with full particulars, to JOHN ECCLES, Faiinglon House, near Preston, Lancashire. WANTED, an "under GARDENER who specially understands the Cultivation of Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine PlantF.— Apply, by letter, J. B. W.. Messrs. Pottle & Son, Royal Exchange, London, E.C. WANTED, a FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Flowers and PLinls for Market, &c. Good character indispensable.— JOHN HOUSE, Eastgale Nurseries, Peterborough. WANTED, a thorough practical MAN, in a small Nursery. Must understand Growing for Market all branches State experience and wages expected.— NURSERY, 131A, Holloway Road, London, N. WANTED, a young MAN, for General Nursery work. Must be a good hand at Grafting and Budding.— Apply, with references, to MARSHALL BROS. AND CO.. Nurserymen, Barnham, Bognor. O HEAD GARDENERS.— H. Jac"kson, Steward and Gardener to the Right Honourable the l.ady Rolle, Bicton, Devonshire, has an openiiie for a youth, 16 years of age, where he will get good practical kiiowlcH^je and a thorough routine of Gardening. Stamped envelope in reply. WANTED, a Gentleman, to take the entire CHARGE of the COUNTING-HOUSE of a leading Nursery establishment, with a view to PARTNERSHIP or PURCHASE, Must be able to invest in the business a con- siderable amount of cash, Apply to Messrs, PROTHEROE and MORRIS, O7 and 68 Cheapside. E.C. April 4, 1S85.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 459 WANTED, a younjr MAN, used to Potting and Tying Plants for Market.— Mr. W ORPWOOD, Bol! Bridge Road, South Acton, Middlesex. Traveller. WANTED, one well acquainted with the North-West and North Country Trade, to Represent an Old-established L-iodon Seed House. — Communications by letter only, which will be strictly confidential, to A. B., W. Neely, i, George Street, Mansion House, London, E.C. WANTED, a capable MAN, to take charge o( the Packing Department. — Apply, givuig reference and staling salary, to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTU- RAL CO (John Cott-an), Limited, Garston, near Liverpool. WANTED, a young WOMAN, for a Florists' Business. Must be ihoroufihly competent to Make-up Boigueis. vS:c , and Arrange Flowers. — Address, with references, FLORIST, W. Poiteous& Co . Glasgow. WANT PLACES. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscrihers, and Others. — // is very important in Remitting bv Postal Order that it should be filled in fiaya'ble at DRURY LANE, to IV. RICHARDS, as, unless the Number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may Jail from negotiating it. N.B. — The best andsajest means of Remitting U by POST-OFFICE ORDER. RB. LAIRD AND SONS (successors to the • late Firm of DowNiE & Laird) can at piesent recom- mend with every confidence several first-rate SCOTCH GAR- DENERS, whose character and abihties may be thoroughly de- pended upon, either for Large Establishments or Single-handed Situations; also FOREMEN, UNDER GARDENERS, and FARM BAILIFFS.— 17. Frederick Street, Edinburgh. BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he • has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD G.ARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN. or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N. IC HARD SMITH and Ca beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c.— Sl John's Nurseries. Worcester. C O T C H GARDENERS. —John Downie. Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edin- burgh, has at present on his list a number of SCOTCH GARDENERS, waiting re-engagements, at wages ranging frotn A50 to ;£ioo per annum, and he will be pleased to supply full particulars to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a trust- worthy and competent Gardener. Jonmeymen and Foremen, Scotch. JOHN DOWNIE, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on his Books a number of first-rate Young Men who wish to go to Engbad.— Parti- culars on appUcatioiL To LANDED PROPRIETORS, &c.— A. McIhtvre (late of Victoria Park) is now at liberty to undertake Formation and Planting of New Garden and Park Grounds, and Remodelling existing Gardens. Plans prepared 115. Lisuia Park, Stamford Hill, N. ARDENER (Head).— Understands Early and Late Forcing of Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables. Fourteen years' character from late employer.— L. I'ANSON, Foxley, Hereford. i /^ARDENER (Head).— Age 35; twelve yj years' character. Leaving through reduction in estab- lishment. Thoroughly understands Gardening in all branches. Carpet Bedding, &c.— GEORGE FISHER, Rowtown Chertsey, Surrey. ' (^ARDENER (Head) ; age 36, married.- D , , *''■• TiLLVAlir., Gardener to Earl Yarborough Erocklesby Park, Ulceby, Lincolnshire, can with every con- fidence recommend a thoroughly practical man : high-class Fruit and Vegetable Grower, &c., and one fully competent to ^nagealarge establishment. In last situation five years as Head Gardener. Good references. Q.ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40, V- « three children (youngest, five years old). Twenty years' expenence. — WM. CLARKE, (late) P. Caienove, Esg Clapham Common, S.W. (^ARDENER (Head Working), where two v^ or three are kept.— Married ; fifteen years' experience Can be well recommended.- G. THOMAS, Florist, Oakleigh, Whetstone, N. • s , (^^ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37, ^^-* married, no family ; thoroughly practical in every *r^^^x J'^^°S through death. Excellent character.— GEO. MORRISS, Elmwood, Bridgewater. r^ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, v-* married, no family ; thoroughly experienced in Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Fruit Growing, Indoors and Out: also Management of Pleasure Grounds and Kitchen Garden — W. H., Langford Park, Maldon, Essex. /^ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, V^ married : thoroughly understands the profession in all its branches. Leavmg through breaking up the establishment. Ihree and a have years' good character.— L. W. T COOK Flonst, Oak Hill, Becken&m, Kent. V-UUK.. C:j.ARDENER (Head Working), married, no ^ family.— C. W. Arlhihald, Esq., wishes to lecommend his He.id Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a competent and trustworthy man. Six years in preserit situation.— H. LITTLE, Rusland Hall, Ulverston. GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 32, married, one child.— H. Baldbrson, Esq., wishes to lecommend his Gardener, who has been with him seven years, lo any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good practical, trust- worthy man. Understands the Cultivation of Orchids.— W. PIGGOTT, Corner Hall. Hemel Hempstead. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or mote are kept.— A-^e ^S, married ; thoroughly under- stands the profession in all its branches ; twelve years" expe- rience. Can have first-class references from previous and present employers.— W. KEARY, The Gardens, Shrubland Parle, Needham Market, Suft'jik. To Noblemen and Gentlemen. GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and iiAILIFF (Working).— Age 44, married; thoroughly practical in all branches, the Forcing of all kinds of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, also good Flower and Kitchen Gardener, good Manager of Land and Stock, Erecting New Buildings. Energetic and trustwoithy. Six and a half years' good character la-st place, highest testimonials previous.— F. A. HICKS, 8, Gladstone Road, Maidstone, Kent. GARDENER, BAILIFF, and GENERAL ESTATE MANAGER, or otherwise (Working).-J. Elliott, for the last fifteen years holding the above situation with B. St. John Ackers, Esq., ot Prinknash Park, including the well known Herd ot Shorthorn Cattle, begs to offer his services to any Lady or Gentleman in want of a thoroughly ex- perienced man in each capacity. Leaving through the estate being sold.— J. ELLIOTT. Gastrills Faim, Upton St. Leonards, near Gloucester. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Young, repectable. Six and a half years' good character.— Mr. JOHN BOWER. Goring, Oxfordshire. /^ARDENER (Single-handed), or where v.-* others are kept.— Age 41, married, no family; under- stands Vines, Cucumber-houses, &c. Wife, if required, can attend to Dairy and Poultry. Eight years' character.— W. P., 3, Buckingham Terrace. Havelock Road, Southall, Middlesex. ARDENER (Under), to assist in Houses or Kitchen Garden.— Age 22 ; good character. — O. HARVEY. The Hall, Great Thurlow, Suffolk. /^ARDENER (Under), in a Nobleman's or V-^ Gentleman's place, — Age 22; gcod character. —J. H., 17. Regent Street, Briton Ferry, Glamorganshire. ARDENER (Under). — Age 21; under- Stands both Flower and Kitchen Garden, with a know- ledge of the Houses.— J. H. COLEMAN, Poulton Priory, ■Fairford, Gloucestershire. (^ARDENER (Under).— Age 19; can have V-^ one and a half years' character. Total abstainer.- GEORGE DRIVER, Mr. Pearson, The Nurseries. Derby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, (^ARDENER (Under), Private House, or in V-^ Glass Nursery.- Age 20 : good experience and references. Wages moderate.— C.CAhELTON, Holly Nursery, Northend Eriih, Kent. POREMAN, in a good establishment— V ,i^^^ *^ ■ ^^^ years' experience m good places. Four and a half years' good character from present situation.— G. WATSON, The Gardens, Tyringham, Newport Pagnell, Bucks. "C^OREMAN, in a good establishment— Age -L 25 ; trustworthy and energetic. Eight years' experience and well recommended.— W. GRACE, The Gardens, Shirbum Castle, Tetsworth, Oxon. T^OREMAN, in a good establishment— Age -L 25 ; can be well recommended from last and previous places. Has had experience in all branches.— G. T. CAST Calcutta Terrace, Tamworth. ' Tj^OREMAN, in the Houses, in a Gentleman's J- establishment.— Age 25, single: eight years' experience, two and a half years in present situation. Good character — T. VAGG, The Gardens, Ball's Park, Hertford. "POREMAN ; age 29.— Mr. Robert.s, High- J- field Hall, near Leek, Staffordshire, would be pleased to recommend his Foreman, W. Smith, who has acted in that capacity at Highfield for the past thirteen years, to the entire satisfaction of Mr. Glover and myself.— Address as above. Tj^OREMAN ; age 27.— Mr. Stagg, Gardener -^ toP. Rawson, Esq.. Woodhurst, Crawley, Sussex, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, who has lived with him six years, to any one requiring a thorough trustworthy energetic man. Eleven years' experience. "POREMAN, in a Gentleman's establishment. J- —Age 28, single ; understands Vines, Peaches. Cucum- bers. Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Pines, and the general routine of Gardenine. Sixteen years' experience in good places. Good character from previous and last situations. — W. GREASLEY, 14. Graham Street, Radford Boulevard, Nottingham. To Rose Growers. FOREMAN (Outdoor, or Second).— Age -L 39 ; German. Ten years' practical experience with first- class firms in Germany, Frarce, and England. Nearly four years Foreman in a large Rose growing establishment in Eng- land. Good references from all employers.— E. M., Myrtle Cottage, Epsom, Surrey, To Nurserymen. "O ORE MAN (Outdoor). — Twenty years' J- experience in the Propagation and Culture of Roses Fruit Trees, Conifers, and Stock. Unexceptional references as to character and ability. — FOREMAN, The Nursery Warminster, Wilts. XpOREMAN, or SECOND, in a good estab- -*- lishment.— Age 24 ; good experience in all branches of Gardening. Good character.— W. R., Hookfield Park, Epsom Surrey. T^OREMAN (General, or Departmental). -~ — Age 27 ; ten years' experience in Noblemen's and Gentlemen's Gardens, inside and out. Has a knowledge of House Decorations. Well recommended from past and present place. Total abstainer. State wages, &c.— GARDENER, Mr. Worral, Queenscote Place, Harborne, Birmingham. Xf'OREMAN, or good JOURNEYMAN in -*- the Houses ; age 26.— Bhnj. G. Stone will be pleased to recommend his present Foreman, Charles Hill, as above.— BENJ. G. STONE, Elkington Hall Gardens, Lomh, Lincolnshire, To the Seed Trade. TV/TANAGER or FOREMAN, in the Trial -^"-*- Ground Department, — Wanted, by a respectable young man (thoroughly acquainted with the Seed Trade) a situation as above. Understands Stocks and Dressing of Seeds. Highest references given. — X., Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, WelUngton Street, Strand, W.C. PROPAGATOR and GROWER, GLASS J- FOREMAN.— Age 3a ; Plants, Cut Flowers, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Grapes ; Market and Nursery experience.— T. D., lA, Winslade Road. Upper Clapton. London, E. JOURNEYMAN (Fir.st), in the Houses, in t/ a good establishmetn. Good character from last situation. — F. W., 51, Torringto Road, South Ashford, Kent. JOURNEYMAN (First), in tie Houses in a Y good establishment.— Age 23 ; three years' good character from present situation. Bothy preferred.— E. KIRBY. The Gardens, Orton Hall, Peterborough. JOURNEYMAnTfirst), in the Houses, in f a good establishment.— Age 25 : ten years' good practical experience. Good testimonials from large places.— J. M. H Rose Cottage, Alrewas. near Lichfield, Staffordshire. JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good estab- ^ lishment, Fruit Department preferred. — Advertikhr wishes to thoroughly recommend a young man (age 22) as above. Seven years' excellent practice in good Gardens, three in present place. I shall be pleased to answer any enquiries respecting him — D. WHITEMAN, Gardener, Ewell Castle. Surrey. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good *J establishment.— Age 21 ; thoroughly experienced. Can be highly recommended.— W, H , Higher Lytchett, Poole. Dorset. ' JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good " establishment.- Age 23 : seven years* experience. Can be well recommended.— J. WELLER. Denne Park Gardens, Horsham. JMPROVER.— Age iS ; two years' good J- experience ; can be well recommended. Total abstainer. —J. R. T., Avenue Road, Grantham. 'yO MARKET NURSERYMEN.— A young ^ man desires a situation in a Large Nursery where Cut Flowers and Plants are Grown extensively. Near London pre- ferred. Experienced in Potting. Watering. &c.— Please state particulars and wages to R., Mrs. Dodd, Cross Street, Ashton- on- Mersey. Jj^STATE MANAGER, or FORESTER.— -L^ Thoroughly qualified. Life experience in Estate Management. Planting, Thinning, Fencing, Sawmill and Nur- sery Work, Draining, Road Making, Farming, &c. References. —Apply SCOTSMAN, C(trq. Enton Park, Whitley, Suriey F Jackson, Esq., Macclesfield, E, H. Nicholson. E^q . Beech Hill. Londonderry. A. J Cholmley, Esq., Newton, Rillington, Yoiki. James Chadwick, Esq , Hints Hall, Taniworth. Walter Briscoe, Esq , Neach Hill, Shifnal. St. John Blacker- Douglas. Esq., Elm Park. Killyl*a, Armagh. The Rev. I. Cardwcll-Gardener, Butlrr's, Marston John Godber, Esq., Whyburn Farm, Hucknall, Nutts. Edward Lister, Esq., Swarthdale, Ulversione. R. Griffiihs, Esq , Stafford J. H. Bath. Esq., Manor Farm, North Cray, Kent. The Staveley Coal and Iron Company. Limited. The Rev. Canon Raynal, St. Michael's Pnory, Hetcfutd. R. Phipps, Esq., Buckenhill, Bromyard. E. A. I.ee. Esq . Welham, Malton, Yorks. Ihos, Hudson, Ejq.. Pannal. Harrowgate. W. B. Turner, Esq , Ponsonby Hall. Carnforth. J. Marsden & Co.. Burnden Bleach Works, Bolton. J. S. Law, Esq., Cross Hills, Brampton. JOHN BLAKE, ENGINEER, ACCRINGTON, LANCASHIRE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ; *' Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street, Covenl Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Pari&h of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.—SATURDAV. April 4, 1885. Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood. Agents lor Scotland— Messrs. J. Mbnzibs & Co., Edinburgh ud Glasgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Cstaljlisfteti 1841. No. 589.— Vol. XXIII. {sSf.Es.} SATURDAY, APRIL 11, 1885. { Registered at the General \ Price 6d. I Post-office as a Newspaper. JPosT-FREE, jjrf. CONTENTS. Alstt0meria5 479 American forests 476 Badminton 48? Botanical Society of Bel- gium, the 478 Books 482 Brussels Sprouts . . 48 s Cai berry VTower . . Cowper'srcountry 473 469 Daffodils 470 Disease of Spuiach 480 Eucbaris mite, the 482 Florists* fiowcrs . . 48>-> Flower garden, the 474 Fruit notes 48 1 Fruits under glass 473 Hardy fruit garden, the 475 Hoya globulosa .. 481 Imported Orchids 481 Itis letxulata var. so- pbenensis 470 King George's dessert ftuil 48^ Kitchen garden, the 473 Lily-gi owing in Sicily .. 481 Mangifera indica 478 Masdevallia Wallisii var. stupenda 473 Matthews' combined Strawbeiry tile and &nail trap 481 Narcissi 4 78 Naicissus Doubling Com- mittee, the 487 ,, Tazettavar. Trew- lana . . 481 Naiiooal Chrysanthe- mum Society .. 478 Nurates 478 Notes from a Bucking- hamshire garden . , Odontoglossums Ander- sonianum and hebiai- cum Orchard-house trees Orchards on fruit-sick soils Orchid fruits Orchids at Westbrock . . „ at the Woodlands . ,, for amateurs Ornithogalum gracile . . Pseonia arborea in pots .. Phloxes, herbaceous Phylloxera, the .. Plants and their cultui-e Potato disease : Wilson's Scleroiioids Propagation and cultuie of Atocasias, the Proposed Fr.restera' and Gardeners* Benevolent Institution for Scotland Pruning Orchids Ranunculus Lyalli Rosemary . . . . . . 472 Societies : — Caledonian Horticul- tural 485 Paisley 484 Swansea . . . . 485 Torquay Horticultural 483 Sparmannia africana The Dew from the Roses in the Gardens of the Poets Vinery, the Weather 47t 470 486 481 ■f7i 474 474 480 480 479 48.J 478 475 472 479 483 483 479 473 475 486 ILLUSTRATIONS. Carberry Tower 477 Disease of Spinach, the. Peronspora effusa 480 Fruits of Orchids ., .. 472 Matthews' Combmed Strawberry Tile and Snail Traps .. 4S1 N arcissus Tazetta var, Trewiana . , . . . . ..431 Masdevallia Wallisii var. stupenda .. 473 NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at DRURY LANE. OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, South KensiDgtoQ, S.W. NOTICE ! — COMMITTEES' MEETINGS, Fruit and Floral, at 11A.M., in llie Conservatory ; Scientific at I p M, in the Library. GENERAL MEETING for the Election of Fellows, &c , at 3P.M.. on TUESDAY NEXT, April i,. Promenade and Small Band of the Royal Horse Guards from halr-past 3 p.m. Admission 2i. bi. N.B. — Entrances. N.E. Orchard House, Exhibition Road ; and Exhibitors' Entrance west side of Royal Albert Hall. BERDARE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY and COTTAGERS' SHOW. The ANNUAL FLOWER, FRUIT, and VEGETABLE SHOW will be held on THURSDAY, August 6 next. President; Right Hon. Lord Abhrdare For Schedule of Prues and full particulars, apply, on or after May 9. to D. DAVIES, ) Aberdare. April 2, 1885. C. KENSHOLE. I - Hon. Sees. THE BURTON- X CI UPON -TRENT CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY will hold its ANNUAL SHOW on NOVEMBER rS and 19. For Schedules, &c, apply to p g BARRATF, Secretary. Hominglow Street, Burton-upon- Trent. ELARGONIUMS. — 10,000 fine, healthy, bushy plant*:, in s-inch pot^, leading market varieties, 5. J. and 7sr. per loQ ; in bloom, is per loo. Cash with order or reference from unknown correspondenti. Mr.^srs. TURNER BROS , Nurserymen and Florists, Green Hid Nursery, Allerton. Liverpool. EW RUNNER BEAN.— GIRTFORD GIANT (Laxton) — The tiLebi and most prolific Scarlet Runner. Special First-clasa Certificate at Shrewsbury, 1884, 3 . 6(/. per half pint. T. LAXTON. Seed Grower. Bed ford . Seed Fotatos. HAND F. SHARPE have still in stock all • the leading kinds of SEED POTATOS, and are now offering them at reduced prices to clear out. Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech. Special Offer. WW. JOHNSON AND SON offer a few • Tons of Sutton's Early Ashleaf Kidney POTATOS, good sample*, true, and in fine condition. Price £6 per ton, free on rail at Boston Station. (CAULIFLOWER PLANTS, Autumn-sown, V_/ hardy and vigorous, wintered under wall. Specially fine this season. 15^. per 1000 on rail : is. yl. per rco p:>st.free. JAMES WILSON, Florist. Si. Andrews, N.E. . Orchids. pHAL.'ENOPSIS (the Moth Orchid), &c.— J- Healthy, Specimen, and Smaller Plants, from 4 guineas a dozen. Offered through want of room. Address, A. BRIDGES, Adon Park, Dulwich, Surrey. "p'iGHTY THOUSAND CLEMATIS in -■— ^ Pots, of .ill the finest double and single varieties (some of the flowers of which become lo inches across, and are of every !.hade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climb- ing aiid beddine. from izr. to 24J, per dozen, strong plants. Descriptive LIST on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. Tj^IVE THOUSAND PELARGONIUMS. -L Must be sold. Clean, large bushy stuff, lo flower early. Established in 4S-pots, including all the best named varieties, as Dr. Masters, Duchess of Bedford. Bridal Bouquet. Kingston Beauty, &c., 7r. 6d. per dozen for cash. Also ditto in 6o's, ready for 48-pots, at 4J. per dozen for cash. Address, MANAGER, The Hill Nurseries. Sandiacre, Notts. IRISH IVY, strong, established in pots, 501. per 103. LIGUSTRUM, 3 ft ; English VE.W, 5 to 6ft ; LILAC, 2 10 3 It. , and COTo N E AS TEK. Prices per 100 to W. J. CHRISTIE, Leaiherhead. Grand New Yellow Hybrid Perpetual Rose of 1885 : GLOIRE LYONNAISE. T HOUSE begs to oflfer splendid Plants of ^ • the above Novelty at 401. per dozen. Cash with order from unknown correspondents. JOHN HOUSE, Eastgate Nurseries. Peterborough. Q PRI NG CLE ARAN CE SALE, *^ to avoid planting. LILIUM AURATUM, SINGLE DAHLIAS. IRIS. GLADIOLI, BEGONIAS, and many other Bulbs with some choice Seeds, at greatly reduced rates. Send for our Special Clearance LIST, No. 73. NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Lion Wall:, Colchester. Hyaclnthus candlcans. T3UDDENB0RG BROS., Bulb Growers, -L* Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland, offer the above, splendid white flowering bulb, at 50J. per 1000. ERSEY CHRYs'aNTHEMUMS.-AII the best. New and Old LIST free, from H. ELLIOTT, Springfield Nursery, St. Heller's, Jersey. Established 1834. pARNATIONS.— Strong Seedlings.^from a Vv splendid Collection of Choice Named Flowers. All to bloom this year. Per dozen, zj. t>a. ; per loo, 15J. DANIELS EROS., Town Close Nurseries. Norwich. ARNATIONS, PICOTEES, CLOVES, PINKS, PANSIES, in the very best varieties, strong, vigorous plants. Special Trade Quotations SAMUEL HARTLEy, Headingley Nursery, Leeds. ERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS.— Now is the season to plant and insure success. Write for R. H. VERTEGANS* Pocket CATALOGUE, and make your choice from his unrivalled Collection. Chad Valley Nurseries, Edgbaston, Birmingham. /CREEPERS for Walls, Trellises, &c., in V.^ great variety By planting what is suitable, an unsightly object may easily be made beautilul. Desctipiive LIST and advice on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchant.^, Worcester. VTERBENAS— Purple, Scarlet, White, and » Other best varieties, strong, well rooted cuttings, 6f. per ICO, 5of. per 1000. Poitfree for cash with order. KlKK ALLEN, The Nursery, Fen Drayton, near St. Ives, Hunts. J LAING'S BEGONIA SEED.— GOLD MEDAL STRAIN, from our Prize Plants. Sealed packets, CHOICE MIXED, trom single varieties, u. and 25. ed. per packet ; Si. extra large packets. We regret to say we are sold out of yeed of Double varieties. COLLECTIONS, 12 named varieties, separate, ^s. td. ; ditto, 6 named varieties, separate i,s. LAING AND CO.. Seedsmen. Forest Hill, S.E. C'J.RAPE VINES, well ripened, and SEA- •* KALE. Low quotations to large bu>ers. WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hamptor, Middlesex. SQ U E L Cll AND B A RN H AM, Long Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C., REQUIRE a quantity of fine Muscats, for which they can ofi'er good prices, also fine Black Grapes, Tomaios, Cucumbers, choice Flowers, &c. QU E L C H and B a R N H A M, giving personal attention to all consignments, they are thus enabled to obtain the HIGHEST MARKET PRICE. Q U E LC H AND B A R N H A M. account sales sent daUy, and CHEQUES forwarded weekly. BANKERS and TRADE REFERENCES. BASKETS and LABELS supplied. ISE AND RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS, CUCUMBERS, TOMATOS, FRENCH BEANS, Gros Colmar and Alicante GRAPES. s UTTON'S PRIZE LAWN GRASS SEEDS. DIPLOME D'HONNEUR, AMSTERDAM, s UTTON'S PRIZE LAWN GRASS SEEDS. Special Gold Medal, Melbourne, t88o. s s UTTON'S PRIZE LAWN GRASS SEEDS. Prize Medal, Paris, 187S. UTTON'S GRASS SEEDS for GARDEN LAWNS. Per bushel, 251.; per gallon, 35. -^d. s UTTON'S GRASS SEEDS for TENNIS LAWNS. Per bushel, 221. dd.; per gallon, 31. BUTTON'S GRASS SEEDS for CRICKET kJ GROUNDS Per bushel, i->s. id. ; per gallon, 3s. s UTTON'S PAMPHLET ON LAWNS, their Formation and Improvement, gratis and post.free. SUTTON AND SONS, Seeds.men, by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen, and H.R.H, the Prince of Wales, Reading. 'TlROP/EOLUM SPECIOSUM. — Strong -L Tubers. To ensure success now is the lime to plant. Per dozen, 8j., post-free. Cash. HOWDEN AND CO.. The Nurseries. Inverness, N.B. ^OEXHIBITORS.- A Bargain. — Two extra fine -L large ANTHUKIUMS to be Sold cheap, condition. THOMAS BURY, Arley Nurseries. Mellor. near Blackburn. Card enlas. — Gardenias. JOHN STANDISH and CO. have to offer ^ a splendid lot of GARDENIA PLANTS clean, bushy and well set, at the undermentioned prices for Cash with order :— In 5-inch pots, 185. per dozen ; in 6-inch pois, 275. per dozen ; in 8-inch pots, 40J. per dozen. Royal Nurseries, Ascot. LADIOLI, PYRETHRUMS, '^d. DAHLIAS, the larg-est collections in Europe. CATA- LOGUES gratis. -KELW AY and SON, Langport, Somerset. PAUL' S^^ aTt ham C R O s's!^ ROSES, TREES. EVERGREENS, SHRUBS CLIMBING PLANTS, FRUIT TREES. GRAPE VINES CAMELLIAS. BULBS. SEEDS, of tvery description, of the best quality, and low in price. See Priced Descriptive CATA- LOGUES, free by post. WM. PAUL AND SON, Paul's Nurseries. Waltham Cross. Plants for tbe Season. pHARLES TURNER'S Descriptive V> CATALOGUE, containing some fine novelties as well as the choicest selections of established kinds, is now ready. The present is the best lime to procure plants of Carnations, Picotees, Cloves, &c., to ensureagood bloom. Plants are unusually line this season. The Royal Nurseries. Slough. "TVWARF ROSEsVon the SeedlinYBrierTTn -*-^ leading Tea, Bourbon and Hybrid Perpetual Sorts, strong, well-grown plants at 20J. per 100. or i8jj. per 1000. FREDERICK MtLLER, Pinneberg. near Hamburg, Germany. "DArS^S THAMES E^MBANKMENT JL* GRASS SEED, as supplied by us to the London Embankments and Parks 7.\s. per bushel. "DARR'S LAWN GRASS MIXTURE, for J—' Improving Old Lawns, Laying Down New ones, Crcquet Grounds and Bowling Greens. Per lb. ts. 4;e on rail. Cash or reference must accompany all orders from unknown correspondents. W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries. Guildford, Surrey. s Surplus Stock of Pelargoniums. SHOW. SPOTTED. FRENCH, and FANCY. N LAWRENCE and SON have to ofler • a very fine stock of the above, in 48's, ai the following low price for cash with order, including package free on rail ; very fine bushy stuff, now full of flower-buds and ready to ( p>;n, at r2J. per dozen, two dozen for i8j. ; 50 for 30J. ; sample half- dozen. 7^. ; ditto, very good, to flower later, <)S per dozen, 14X. far two dozen, and 25s. for 50 ; sample half-dozen for 6s , seh c* lion left to N. L. & Son. Much cheaper by the ico or lofo. Their stock, upwards of 200 varieties, includes alt the be;t Covent Garden and Show varieties. Send for samples. The Burnsfield Nurseries, Chatteris, Cambs. Seed Fotatos. T O S I A H H. BATH, fJ York Street, Borough Market, S.E., Offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS :— Rivers" Royal Ashleaf. Fortyfold. Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf. i Scotch Regent. White Elephant. , York Regent. Beauty of Hebron. ' Paierson's Victoria. Snowflake. ! Redskin Flourball. Schoolmaster. ' Reading Hero. Early Rose. Dalmahoy. Magnum Bonum. ' Early Don. And other leading varieties. Prices on application. LILIUM AURATUM.—SpecialOffer.— Now is the best lime to plant. Splendid firm sound bulbs, just arrived, 6 to 8 and 8 to 10 inches in circumference, 281. ai-il 351. per 100, 4^. and 6s. per dozen. The cheapest fur quali y ever offered. Samples 12 stamps. SEED POTATOS. — For Special Prices see form ,, Dwaif and Sweet-scented, i to 1]'^ \ feet high, consisting of K. fragrans, Wilsoni, Govern- anum, &c. ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA ; fine plants, well set with bloom, i to 3 feet high AZALEAS, I to a feet high A line lot of P. NORDMANNIANA. T. LOBBII. WELLTNGTONIA, CUPRESSUS. RETINOSPORAS^ THUIOPSIS DOLABRATA, and i manyoiher^; in fine condition for removal 10/6 5/- ORNAM ENTAL TREES— Fine speci- mens of Limes, Laburnums in vars.. Horse Chestnut, Scarlet Chestnut, Sorbus, Thorns of sorts, Maples, Fraxinus aucubxfolia, Scarlet Oak, and PoDlar, 6 to 15 feet high .. .. 10/6 3/6 5/- 1/6 LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM. 2 to | 4 feet, per 100 . . . . 20/- . . 10/- ,, common, i to 1% feet LAUREL, common, 1 to 3 feet „ caucasica, 1 Xo 1% feet .. ,. Portueal. »J^ to 3 feet ,. MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA .. BROOM, White YEWS, Irish ROSES, Dwarf, Moss, Teas, and Climbers .. CLEMATIS, fine st iff, in great variety ; Virginia Creipers, Ampe- No reasonablo lopsis Veitchii v offer refused ; or ILEX SHLPHERDI. a fine lot off quotations will perfect specimens, 6 to 9 feet ; be given. smaller, i to 3 feet. THUIA LOBBII, 3 to 4 feet RETINOSPORA AUKEA, 6 to 15 inches , . CUPRESSUS ERECTA VIRIDIS, I to 3 feet WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA, 3 to 5 feet MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, 12 to 18 inches .. .. . - •-) Collections of SHRUBS and TREES for general planting, 2 to 6 feet high, 25^. to 75J. per n:o Extra large Fruiting APPLES, PEARS, and CHERRIES, to clear, ij each. SFIRJEA PALMATA, fine forcing clumps. The largest stock in Europe, 155. and ics.fid. per 100. ERICAS in variety, 20J. per 100. LAVENDER, fine bushy stuff^, 31. per dozen, 151. per 100. PERIWINKLE. lof. per 100. Thouiandi of other things too nutnetous /or an advertise- ment are on offer^ and inquiries or a viiit will be found very ttdvantageous. Book to Sunnlngdale Station 5.W. Rail. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES and ROSES. A large and select stoclc is now offered for sale. Tkt Illustrated and Descriptive CATALOGUE ofFR Ul TS post-free. The Descriptive CATALOGUE of ROSES post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. EXPIRATION OF LEASE "WANTED AN OFFER For Thousands or any Smaller Number : — 10 coo SPIRyE\ PALMATA lo.coo Green HOLLIES. 10 000 ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA and others. lojooo RETINOSPORA AUREA and others. 10 000 Dwarf ROSES, finest kinds. 10000 GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS. 10,000 MAHONIA (Heiberis) AQUIFOLIA. 10,000 ERICA CARNEA, and surts. ACER NEGUNDOVARIEGATA, a few hundreds. Maden PEACHES, NECTARINES, and APRI- COTS, a few hundreds. Thousmds of other things on offer. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. HERBACEOUS And ALPINE PLANTS. CATALOGUE of fifty pages, containing full information as to colour, height, situation, lime of flowering, &c., free on application. A CAPITAL COLLECTION for Rocks, Stumps and Borders, from 351, per 100, or 41. per dozen. Most of the plants being in pots may he despatched at any lime, or by Parcel Post when fit. RICHARD SMITH & CO., N0B,SER"XMEN and SEED MERCHANTS, WORCESTER. w Cheap Plants.— Special Offer. ILLIAM BADMAN ofters as under from store pots, all healthy, well-rooted, and fit (or present potting : — TRICOLORS— Mrs. Pollock, one of the best, 2s. per dozen, \$s. per 100; Ladv CuUum, S. Dumaresque, Sir R Napier, vs. 6d. per dozen, iZs. per 100. Twelve choice varieties Tricolors, for 51. SILVERS— May Queen (Turner's). Flower of Spnng, Prince Silverwings, Liitle Troi and Bijou, is. per doz. , los. per 100. GOLD LEAF— Crystal Palace Gem. 21. per dozen, lOf per 100: Happy Thought, is. 6d. per dozen. BRONZE-McMahon, Black Dougla?, Czar (best bedders), 21. perdnzen, j$s, per 100. SCARLET- Vesuviu?, Jean Sisley, Col. Seely, u. 6d. per dozen, 8j. per 100. PINK— Master Christine, Mrs. Levers (fine), is. 6d. per dozen, lot. per too. WHITE— Madame Vaucher and Virgo Marie, ts. 6d. perdozcD, Toj. per 100. CRIMSON — Henry Jacoby, zr. per dozen. 15*. P" 100; Waltham Seedling, if. 6d per dozen, 81. per 100. LOBELIA— Brighton, Blue Stone, Pumila magnihca, 3J. per 100, 10s. per looc. HELIOTROPE— Jean d'Amour, Miss Nightingale and Light, 6s. per ICO. AGERATUM — Imperial Dwarf Blue, 5J. perioo, 405. per icoo. CALCEOLARIA— Golden Gem and Dark Camden Hero, 5^. per 100, 4or. per 1000, COLEUS Verschaffelti and IRESINE Lindeni, 55. per 100. TROPi^OLUM-Vesuvius, dwarf, good bedded. 8s. per 100. PELARGONIUMS— Show and Fancy, in single pots, 3s. per dozen, 201. per 100. Packing included. Terms Cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. NEW CATALOGUE FOR 1885. Beautijul Fld. I! DAHLIAS of any class, Show, Fancy, Bedding. Bouquet, or Single, 35.; 50 varieties, i2r. 6d. \ 100 vaiicties. 25J. 12 lovely IRIS, 31. : 12 beautiful MIMULUS, 3s 12 lovely PRIMROSES, Double, 6i, ; 12 SAXIKRAGAS, 3!-; 12 SEDUMS, 31. 12 Sweet VIOLETS, 21. 6d. \ 12 VIOLAS, 21. id. ; or 100 in four colours, I2J. 12 beautiful Seedling HOLLYHOCKS, ^s.. 50 for 121. bd., 100 for 2IJ. 12 beautiful PRIMULAS SIEBOLDII, 12 sorts, 6j. 40 Acres fine NURSERY STOCK. % . HERBACEOUS PLANTS. 2 ,, GLASS HOUSES. , c. j The Oldfield Nnrserie?, Alttincham, Cheshire, and the Seed and Bulb and Cut Flower Depot, 12, Maiket Street, Manchester. SEEDS.-SEEDS.-SEEDS. CHARLES TURNER'S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of New and Select Varieties of every Class of Seeds for the Garden, is now ready. „,,„„ THE ROYAL NURSERIES, SLOUGH. CARNATIONS AND PICOTEES. THOMAS S. WARE Has much ple.isure in drawing attention to his very fine collection of the above, including SHOW VARIETIES. BORDER VARIETIES, YELLOW GROUNDS, CLOVES, &0 Priced List may be had upon applicat:"t. HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, MIDDLESEX. SURPLUS STOCK.— Beautiful Specimens of ORNAMENTAL and EVERGREEN TREES, in perfect condition for removal, at extraordinarily low prices. Special LIST, just published, on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. EW LILIPUTIAN PELARGONIUM ZONALE— the dwatfest and best flowerbg of all Pelargoniums. PRINCESSE STEPHANIE ) 6r. per doien, 101. per ARCHIDUC RODOLPHE ) dozen of each sort. COMTE DE FLANDRE > These novelties COMTESSE DE FLANDRE at 2J. 6^ each, COMTE DE HAINAUT l-iot. \(^. the set, REINE MARIE HENRIETTE I 40s, for six plants SOUVENIR DE LOUIS VAN HOUTTEJ of each sort. Free for cash with order. ED. PYNAERT. Ghent, Belgium. TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND LOBELIA "Emperor Wiiliani " (from cuttings), hushy plants. 25. 6d. per 100, or 201. per 1000, carriage paid for cash with order from The PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Gravesend. SEED POTATOS Send for Descriptive Catalogue OF NEARLY ALL THE BEST AND NEWEST VABIETIES IN COMUERCE, EITHER FOR EXHIBITION PURPOSES, OR FOR GARDEN OR FIELD CULTIVATION. LIBERAL TERMS io TRADE BUYERS. JOHN WATKINS, Fruit and Potato Grower, POMONA FARM, WITHINGTON, HEREFORD. A SPECIALTY. Rhododendrons and other American Plants, Grown in Sandy Loam. A superb Collection of all the leading varieties in cultivation. Also thousands oi RHODODENDRON PONTICUM and HYBRIDS for Plantations and Coverts. A Sample Dozen of well-budded Plants oI tlie best varieties for 243. Larger Sizes, from 30s. to 429. per dozen. Priced LISTS on application. JOHN CRANSTON, KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD. "GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NITT FIBRE EEFUSE, ^d. per bushel ; loo for asr. ; truck (loose, about a tons), 4or. : 4-bushel bags, id each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, ss. id. per sack 5 sacks, 25r. ; sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, is. per sack, s sacks jar. ; sadts. id. each. , , , u ,r COARSE SILVER SAND. ii. grf. per bushel : ISJ. per half ton, 26j. per ton. in a-bushel bags, id. each. , „ . „ YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, iJ. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack. MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK. TO- BACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Free Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, at. Goldsmith's Stieet, Drury Lane (lately called 17A. Coal Yard). W.C. ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens.— Fresh Cocoa-Nut Fibre Refuse, 4 bushel bags, is. each ; 30 for as«-— baps included. Two Ton Truck, fteo on Rail. ass. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat 51 per sack ; 5 lor aas. fid. ; 10 for 35s. : 30 for 60s Best Black Fibrous Peat, 4s. td. pet sack ; s for aoi. ; 10 for 30s. Coarse Bedf-^rd Sand, ii. fid, per bushel : us per ^4 ton ; >5S. per ton. SPliCIALITe TOBACCO PAPER, lorf. per lb ; as lb., IIS. : cwt., 70s. Second quality, id. per lb. : aS lb. 16s. Finest Tobacco Cloth, id. per lb. : a8 lb. tor 18s. l.eaf-Mould, 5S. per sack. Peat- Mould, 45- P" sJck Yellow Fibrous Loam. \s per sack. Charcoal, as. td. per bushel. Bones, Guano, Sphagnum, &c. LIST free. Special prices to the Trade lor cash. W. HERBERT and CO.. Hop Exchange Warehousrs, Southwark Stbbrt, S.E. (near London BridRe). PPS'S SELECTED PEAT.— Forty sacks, as id. per sack; 30 ditto, ts.tjd.: 20 ditto. 3s. 6rf. ; .0 ditto is.id.: sacks, 6,^. each. In trucks of 14 cubic yards, lis per yard. For Rhododendrons and common purposes, t..s" ner ton not less than four tons ; samole sack, as. id. LOAM SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, «c. See Special List, also lor the Trade. RinBWOod, HanU. MUdew and Other Hurtful Fungi, Red Spider, &c., Extirpated by DHILIP HARRIS and CO.'S specially -L prepared SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM, which is ver)r soluble See article bv E. ToNKS, E-q., B.C.L, in G.^rd^ers Chronicle February 28, p 276, desciibmg the great elhcacy 01 this preparation, with which his successful experiments were made. Sold in Boltles. O.nk Shillinc; Each (poM-free). con- taining sufficient to make 32 gallons of soliuion by the bo e Manufacturers PHILIP HARRIS AND LO., Wholesale Chemists. 9, Bull Ring, Birmingham. special quotations for large quantities. April ii, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 465 mnj)K(»v->*M . per bush, (sacks included). GARDEN REQUISITES. _ Two Prize Mbdals, Quality, THE BEST In tlio Market. (All sacks included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous . . a,s M. per sack ; 5 sacks for aoj. PEAT, best black fibrous . . 3^. 6./. ., 5 sacks for 155. PEAT, extra selected Orchid s^. od. „ LOAM, best yellow Rbious .. "^ PREPARED COMPOST.besif LEAF MOULD, best only .. i "' PEAT MOULD ,. .. J SILVER SAND, coarse, js. 3d- per bush., i2j. half ton, aw. ton RAFFIA FIBRE, best only li. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, finest imported . . SJ. lb., 28 lb. 18s. TOBACCO PAPER ., (Spccialue) 8, E.C. WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY. SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History, and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical Terms. Medium 8vo, cloth, price 25^. BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 31. bd. LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY. A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for students, &c. With 400 Illustrations. 8vo, cloth, price 51. dd. LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY, with illustrations. Svo, doth, price gj. LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND CECONOMICAL BOTANY, with numerous iiiustra- tions. 8vo, cloth, price 5^. LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price IJ. sewed. London : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.C. GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since \^'.<) ag3iIl^6 Red Spider, Mildew, Thript, Green Fly, and other blight, t to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water ; 4 lo 16 ounces ns winter dre^su^(; for Vines and Orchard-house Tiees *, and in lailicr from the cake jigainst American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Hoxes, u. , 31., and loj. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet Rronnd. Hoxe*., td. and u., from the 'I'radp. Wholesale from FKICfc-'S PATENT CANDLK COMPANY (Limited), London. ROLL TOBACCO PAPER, Cloth, and Fibre for Fumigating, The best and strongest it is possible to oh ain. 6 lb , 41 6rf. ; 141b., loj. : 38 Ih., 20J. Good strong Tard of 54 inches; 72-ioch, IJ. id.; I o-inch, is. -jd. No. I TIFFANY. 3^. 6d. per piece, 20 yards - iS inches wide. No. 2 TI FFANY, 41. per t'iece, 20 yards ■ :t8 n c'les wide. P.S. — Nettings and Shadings made up in blinds if required. RALPH WALLER and CO. (Limited), 45, Dale Street, Manchester. Made of prepared Hair and Wool, ^ / ±, perfect non-conductor of heat or / ^^ cold, keeping a fixed tempera- /S^ ture where it is applied. / S^ " I have just laid out about 14,000 / j^^^ plants, and keep the greater part / '^^ j$^ / To be had under your ' Frigi Domo,' and have done so for the last three years, and every one who sees my plants is astonished to see how healthy and well they are without the use of glass.' — From a — / ^N GARDENER, ^ ^ October 32, y ^^- jQ\^/ Proprietor and Maker, ^ /BENJAMIN EDGINGTON ■J^/ LONDON BRIDGE, S E, '/^ / Ask tor " Frlgl Domo," and «ee that It Is stamped "Frlgl Domo,' Registered Trade Mark. 2 yards, 3 yards and 4 yards wide, of all Nursery- men and Florists, from the Sole Russia Mat Mercliants. ARCHANGEL MATS, PETERSBURG MATS, of all qualities and sizes. RAFFIA FIBRE, TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER, &c For Wholesale P.ices apply to the largest Importers and Manufacturers — MAREN- DaZ and fisher, 9, James Street, Covent Garden, W C. /^ARDEN netting, HOTHOUSE VT SHADING";, &c. Before buyioe send for Simples and Prices to RIGBV, WAINWRIGHT and CO . Manufaclurer>, Neptune Works, Manche-ter, 466 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April ii, 1885. THE MOST SUITABLE FOR SHADING ORCHIDS, FERNS, Palmfl and Stove and y GBEENHOaSE PLANTS^^^ <$ i,1CI,l.lUgl nu-—" — -1 J- /->^V\' close as to exclude the / vVN^-* direct rays of the sun- but admitting the greatest amount v- of light attain- >/\>\ able through /^vCNi* shading. / \^^ <^: It is a strong, durable Coiioa /^c5C' y^^^A^!h' Netting, woven in squares so /\^\V^ y^ ^Jr°u .. ' *! J ^-1 ^^_ / r\\3 /weatherbetter than any othei class of Shading, and may be benefid- ally used on account of the thickness of its texture, during cold weather, to keep the frost out. R. Warnhr, Esq., Broomfield. Chelmsford, has cm- ployed this m,uerial for some years, and speaks very highly of it, pronouaang , , .^ , it to be the very beiit material for Orchids V^S'X^ ^^ ^^ ^^^"^ used. ' ^^ y^ Blinds made up and fixed complete. Sold in pieces, 30 yards long by \% yard wide. Price 45i. each. Sample submitted. B. S. WILLIAMS, VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES. UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. UKOTECTION for FRUIT IT and FLOWERS. GARDEN NETTING, z yards wide, \%d., or per 100 j^rds. \os. ; ditto. 4 yards wide, 3*/., or per 100 yards, 20.1. SCRIM CANVAS, i yard wide, 3^/. ; 1% yard, ^%d. ; and :; yards 6d. per yard. TIFFANY, 38 inches wide, in 20 yard pieces, 35. 6d. per piece SHADING BLINDS made up any size. KICK CLOTHS. TARPAULINS, Corn and Potato bACKS, FLAGS, TENTS, &c.. for Sale or Hire. From HY. VAN and CO (tlie oldest London Hou=;e in the Tiade, established 178c), 17, Tooley Street, London Bridge. S.E. FOR THE FARM. RICK CLOTHS. S yards square, to cover j8 loads, No. i quality . . £6 o o a ditto ,, ., 2 .. •■540 8 ditto „ ., 3 .. .. 2 10 o g ditto ,, =4 I. I M ..880 9 ditto ,, I. 2 .. ..670 9 ditto ,, ,, 3 I. ..300 lodit'O „ 3^ ■» I M •■976 10 ditto ., ,, 2 ,, ..826 10 ditto ,, ,, 3 1. .. 3 10 o 11 ditto ,, 4^ " I >. .. 11 o o II ditto ,, ,, 2 „ .. 9 12 o 11 ditto ,, ., 3 .' •■450 12 ditto „ 50 ,, I ,, .. 13 *o o 12 ditto ,, ., 2 1. ■• II >4 o 12 ditto ,, ., 3 •• .. 4 15 o ROPES and BLOCKS, Sand 9 yards, cloth— each .. 250 Ditto ditto 10 ,, .. „ .. 2 18 o Ditto ditto II ,, 12 ,, .. ,, .. 3 15 o POLES .. 8 „ y „ .. „ .. I 1.: 6 Ditto 10 ,, .. .,..276 Ditto II and 12 ,. 3 *5 o H. VAN AND CO.. 17. Tooley Street, London, S.E. JOHN SHAW AND CO., 31, Oxford Street, '' Manchester, Manufacturers of TIFFANY and NET- TING of every Description. Circular and Prices on application. TANNED GARDEN NETTING. 1 yard wide . . ^d. per yard I 3 yards wide . . 2}id. per yard. 2 yards wide.. i>^d. per yard 1 4 yards wide . . 3d. per yard. 500 yards anJ upwards delivered free to any part. GREENHOUSE SHADINGS. SCRIM TIFFANY and COTTON NETTING. A set of samples, with prices, post-free. RUSSIA MATS, RAFFIA, TOBACCO PAPER, PEAT, SILVER SAND, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, GARDEN TOOLS, &c.. at the lowest possible prices. Descriptive CA TALOGUE post-free on application, JAMES T. ANDERSON, 149. Commercial Street, Shoredltcli, London, E. GARDE N N E TT 1 N G. S. A. SANDS (Successor to J. W. Haythorn), MANUFACTURER OF HEXAGON AND GHISWIGK GARDEN NETS. Wairanted to Protect Bloom from Frost, Winds, Hail, and Fruit trom Birds, Wasps S:c. Pattern and Prices Free per Post. Address— S. A. SANDS, 20, CLUMBER STREET, NOTTINGHAM. HOTHOUSE SHADING. SPECIAL LOT. Good, useful, open, and strong texture, suitable either for Netting or Shading, 72 inches wide, 50 yards Iodr, price M per yard. Also Special Lot, Commoner quality, 42 inches wid^,88 yards lone, ptice \yid. per yard. Also same cloth, 48 inches wide, price -id. per yard. TIFFANY, 55 inches wide, extra strong, price 4^^^'. per yard. Write for Patterns to MANAGER, Albert Mill, Swinton. Lancashire ; or to Mr. G. C. GILLESPIE, 12A, Bread Street, London, E.C. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. SMALL, HANDY, LEA.N-TO FRAMES. TWO-LIGHT FRAMKS. 6 feet by 4 feet, painted three coats, and cl■l^?d with 21-oz. English glass. Carriage paid, price £2 25. If with hinge?, set-opes, and prop, as shown, price £2 10s 6d. Packing 3a., allowed in full if returned. THREE-!. IGHT FRAME, largest size made, g feet by 4 feet, price £3. If with hinges, set-opes and prop, as shown, price £3 lOs. Packing 45., allowed in full if returned. No. 75.— Melon and Cucumber Frame. REDUCED CASH PRICES, Carriage Paid. Size. Length. Width. Price. Packing Case. No. 2 .. 8 feet .. 6 feet .. .£3 5 o .. ^s. 6d. No. 3 .. 12 feet .. 6 feet ., 412 6 .. 5s. od. No. 4 .. 16 feet .. 6 feet .. 600 .. $s. 6d. Depth in front 13 inches, hack 24 inches, lights 2 inches thick, strengthened with iron rod. One handle to each light. Lights only, 6 feet by 4 feet, unglazed and unpainled, 6s. each. Glazed with 21-oz. sheet glass and painted 4 coats, i6j. each. The Frames carriage paid to any Railway Station in Eng- land and Wales ; also to Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dublin and Belfast. Price List post-free. Illustrated Cataiagues 12 stamps. W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW LONDON, EC -2' '-"tM^ 1 W H LASCELLES and CO will give Estimates for every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge, and send competent assistants when necessary. LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill Row, and 35, Poultry, Cheapside, E.C. Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses and Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for walls, paths, and stages, sent port-free on application. Cucumber Frames. RH A L L I D A Y and C O. desire to • draw special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, leady glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered to any station in England ; — £, s. d. 2-liEht frame, 8 feet by 6 feet ^ Packine f 3 »o « 3-light frame, 12 feet by 6feet Vp f^ ■( 5 5 *> 6-Hght frame, 74 feetby 6feet) *"*''"^^""^^ ( 10 o o The glass is nailed and puttied in. Lights and framing for brick pits at proportionately low prices. R. HALLIDAY AND CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester. SPECIAL G LASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, VINERIES,&c. All sizes in stock. Price and List of Sizes on application. T. & W. F A B, M I Ii O E, Rochester Row, Westminster, London, b.W. OU Patot no Longer NeceBsary. HILL AND SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH, for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. (Registered Trade Mark.) This VARNISH is an excellent substitute for oil paint on all outdoor work, whi'e it is fully two-thirds cheaper. It was introduced upwards of thirty years ago by the Advertisers, and iis genuine good quality, notwithstanding a host of unprincipled imitators, is fully attested by its constantly increasing sale. It may be applied by an ordinary labourer, requires no mixing or thinning, arid is used cold. It is used in the grounds at Windsor Castle, Kew Gardens, and at the seats of many hundreds of the Nobility and Gentry, from whom the most flattering testimonials have been received. Sold in Casks of about 30 gallons each, at u. 6d. per gallon. at the Manufactory, or \s. Sd. per gallon carriage paid to any Station in the Kingdom. Unsolicited Testimonial. *' Pierce/ield Park, Jwte 2(, 1S76. — Sirs. — I have this day forwarded from Chepstow to your address a black varnish cask, to be filled and returned " ih as good Varnish as the last we had, which I candidly admit was the best we ever had. Address Varnish to Piercefield Park, Chepstow. — I am, Sirs, yours le- specifully. Wm Cox." CA UTION, — Hill & Smith would particularly warn their Customers against the various cheap Varnishes now so much advertised. H. & S.'s Varnish has been an article of common use on most of the large estates in the kingdom for upwards of thirty years ; and their constantly increasing trade in it, and the numerous Testimonials they receive, stamp it as a truly genuine article, Every cask is legibly marked with their name and Registered Trade Mark as above, without which none is genuine. Large illustrated CATALOGUE of Fencing Hurdles, Field and Entrance Gates. &c , sent free on application to HILL AND SMITH, Brierley Hill Ironworks, Staffordshire: 118, Queen Victoria Sueei, London, E.C; and 196, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. BUY ONLY ENGLISH THREE-QUARTER PLATE WATCHES. ENSON'S NEW PATENT (No. 4658) " LUDGATE " WATCH, B SILVER, GOLD, .t£12 12s. a "Special Strength" Silver English Lever, my beil London make, wiih Three-quarter Plate Movement. ye-.rcHed throughout. Chronometer balance, ivit/i damp and dust-proof Patent ringhatui, and extended barrel, in Afasiive i tfrlin^ silver dome cases With crystal glass front. JCinds, set hands and opens at back. The superioity in value, accuracy, and durability of (he " Ludgate " Watch over the Swiss and American Keyless and Non-Keyless Watches, made in Imitation of and 80ld as English work, and the ordinary Full-plate English Watch is enormous. The " Ludgate" Watch is compact, strong, hand- some, and durable. Being Three-Quarler Plate, it is iuperior in value and appearance to any C\o Watch sold, and, being compensated, it keeps perfect lime ; fitted with oi-ystal front, it combines the strength of the Hunter, and convenience of the open face. Of my best LondOn make, it will last a lifetime, stand rough usage of all and every kind without damage, and, being made in three sizes, it is for the above reasons .suited for Home, Indian, and Colonial use by Gardeners, Worlouen, and Gentlemen- The '"Ludgate" ICatrh ts far superior To atiy Watch at th-- price yel made, and IViii be sentjree and iafe at our rii.i- To all parts of the ivorld for £ ^ is.. Cash or P. 0.0. : or in hunting cases, £6 ts. Price in 18-Carat gold, crj'stal glass cases. Twelve uulneas SPECIALLY NOTE that J. W. Bbnson is the only Muker of a Three-Quatter Plate English Watch for £$ ji in Silver, or £i7 i3s. in Gold, and that our Patent "Ludgate" Watch cannot be had through or of any Watchmaker in the King- dom. Any infrineement of the Patent Kighls will be proceeded against, A BOOk explaining the adv.»nrnges of this Watch over the FulUpIalc English Watches sold by all other makers, will be sent Post-free on application to J. W. BENSON. Watchmaker to Her M;ijcsty the Oueen. The Steam Factory, 62 and 64, Ludgate HIU, E C. Illustrated Pamphlets ot Watches from /ia to/ 500, Gold and Silver Jewellery, Clocks (House, Chime, and Turret), and Musical Boxes, free on application. April ii, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 467 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE (Established 1841) CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS O I' GARDENING, PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC, REPORTS OF EXHIBITIONS, REVIEWS of BOOKS, and NOTICES of all HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of CURRENT INTEREST, HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. ALPINE PLANTS. ARBORETUM— The. BEDDING PLANTS. BEES. BOTANV. BULBOUS PLANTS. CHEMISTRY OF PLANTS. CONIFERS. DISE.A.SES OF PLANTS. EVERGREENS. EXHIBITIONS.— FERNS. FLORISTS' FLOWERS. FLOWER GARDENS. Special attention is given to the following subjects :- FORCING. FORESTRY. FRUIT CULTURE, GREENHOUSE PLANTS. HERBACEOUS PLANTS. IMPLEMENTS.— INSECTS. KITCHEN GARDENING. LANDSCAPE GARDENING. LAWNS— LILIES. MACHINES. MANURES— Analyses of. MARKET GARDENING. NEPENTHES. ORCHIDS — including a com- plete List of those in culti- vation. PALMS. PLANTING. PLEASURE GROUNDS. POMOLOGY. POTATOS.— POULTRY. RHODODENDRONS. ROCKERIES. ROSES. SHRUBS and SHRUBBERIES. STOVE PLANTS.— SOILS. SUCCULENT PLANTS. TOWN GARDENING. TRAINING. TRAVEL— Notes of. TREES — Deciduous and Ever- green. VEGETABLE- CULTURE. VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY VINES. WALKS.— WALLS. WEATHER.— WEEDS. WINDOW GARDENING. WOODS, &c., &c., &c. Illustrations by IV. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., IV. J. WELCH, and Others. Among the Contributors to recent Volumes may be mentioned ;— ABBAY. Kev ANDERSONU.) ANL)RE(E.). Paris ANTOINEtF), Vienna.. ATKINS (J.) BADEN POWELL(H.) BADGER (E. W.) BAINES(T.l BAKER(G.) BAKER !J. 0), F.R.S BALFOUK (the late Professor) .. BALL (J). F.R.S BANCROFT (G.). M.D. BARRON (A. F.), Chiswick BElJERINCK.Dr., Waeeningen BENNET (H.), M.D, Mentone BENNETT (A. W.) BENNETT (G), M.D., Sydney EENTHAM (the late G.), F.R.S. BERGMAN (E.), Paris .. BERKELEY(Rev.M.J,),F.R.S. BLACKMORE (R. D ) .. BLAIR (T.), Shrubland Gardens BLOWir. B.) BOISSIER(E.), Geneva BOSCAWEN (Hon. & Rev. J. T.) BOULGER (G. S.), F.L.S. BRIGHT (the late H. A.) BRI'1'EN(J.), British Museum BROWN (N. E), Kew .. BULLEN (R.), Botanic Garden, C 'lasgow BURBIDGE (F. W.), Botanic Garden. Dublin CARUEL (Professor). Florence.. CASf ARY (Prof.), Kcenigsberg . . CHA .LIS(T.) CLAI ;KE (Col. TREVOK) .. CLAI:KE(C. B.), F.R.S. COBHOLD(T. S), F.R.S. COLEMAN (W.), Eastnor (iistle Gardens . . COOKE (M.C.) COOMBERd ). The Hendre .. COOMBER (W.). Regent's Patk COOPER (Sir DAN.. Bart.) .. CORREVON (H ). Geneva COX(J.), RedleafGaidens CREWE (the lae Rev. H. H.) . . CROSSLING (R.), St. Fagan's Castle Gardens CROUCHER (J.) DARWIN (the late CHARLES) DEAN (A.) DEAN (R.) DECAISNE(thelate Prof.), Paris DE C * N DO LLE (A ), Geneva . . DEHERAIN (Professor), Paris . . DE MARR, Boston, U.S.A. .. DOD (Rev. C. W.) DODWELL(E. S.) DOUGLAS (J.). Great Gearies, Ilford DOWNIE U-). Edinburgh DRUDE (Professor), Dresden .. DUCH ARTRE (Professor), Paris DUTHIE (J. F.), Saharunpore.. DYER(BERNARD) .. DYER (Rev. T. F.) DYER (W. T. T.), F.R.S. EARLEY(W.) EICHLER (Professor), Director Imperial Bot. Garden, Berlin ELLACOMBE (Rev. H. N.) .. Coffee-leaf Disease. Orchids. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Forestry. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. G.irden Botany. Garden Botany. Alpine Plants. Queensland Correspondence Fruit Culture. Diseases of Plants. Foreign Correspondence. Vegetable Physiology. Australian Correspondence. Garden Botany. Foreign Correspondence. Diseases of Plants. Pomology. Practical Gardening. Bees. Garden Plants, Landscape Gardening. Vegetable Physiology. Notes from a Lancashire Plant Lore. [Garden. Garden Botany. Orchid Notes. Garden Botany. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Practical Gardening, (jarden Botany. Garden Botany. Diseases of Plants. Practical (Jardening. Fungi. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Australian Correspondence Alpine Plants. Practical Gardening. Garden Plants. Practical Gardening. Succulent Plants. Physiology of Plants. Practical (jardening. Floriculture. Garden Botany. Garden Botany, &c. Vegetable Chemistry, Foreign Correspondence. Garden Plants. Florists' Flowers. Practical Gardening. Practical Gardening. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Colonial Notes, Chemical Analyses, Flower Lore, Garden Botany. Practical Gardening. Foreign Correspondence. CJarden Botany. ELWES (H, J.) Garden Botany. ENGELMANN (the lateG,), St. Louis EVERSHED (H.) EW B AN K (Rev, H,), Ryde , . EYLES(G) FELLOWES (Rev. E) .. FENZI (E,), Florence ,, FISH (D. T,), Hardwicke Gardens FISHF,R(Rev. O.) FITCH (W, H), F,L,S. FLE M I NG (the late J. ), Cliveden Gardens FOSTER (Dr, M.), F,R,S. FROST (P.), Dropmore Gardens Practical Gardening. GIBSON (WM.) Town Gardening, Conifers. Garden Literature, Practical Gardening, Landscape Gardening, Roses, Foreign Correspondence, Practical Gardening, Roses, Illustrations, Practical Gardening, Plant Physiology, Vegetable Chemistry, Meteorology, Garden Botany, Plant Culture, Practical Gardening, Garden Literature, Foreign Correspondence. Colonial Notes. Vegetable Physiology. Garden Botany. Florists' Flowers. Cinchonas. Flower Gardening. Colonial Notes. Practical Gardening. Economic Botany. Foreign Correspondence. GILBERT (J. H.). F.R S. GLAISHERd). F R,S GRAY (Prof, ASA). Boston GREEN(CHARLES) .. GRIEVE (P). Bury St. Edmunds GRINDON(LEO) HANBURY (T.), Mentone .. HART (J.). Jamaica HEMSLEY (W. B.) .. .. Garden Botany HENRY(thelatel.ANDERSON) Garden Plants. HENRIQUEZ (Prof.), Coimbra Foreign Correspondence, HENSLO\V(Rev. G.) .. .. " ' ' "' ' HOOKER (Sir J. D.). K.C,S,1, HORNER (Rev, F. D,) HOWARD (the late J, E, ). F, R, S, HUDSON 0). Gunnersbury Gardens IM THURN (EVERARD), British Guiana INGRAM (W,). Belvoir Gardens JACKSON (J. R.), Kew Museum JOLY(C.). Paris JULIAN(RCHD.G.), F.R.I. B.A. Garden Architecture. KING (Dr.), Calcutta ,, ,, Colonial Notes, KNIGHT (H,) Practical Gardening, KOLB (MAX), Munich ,. Foreign Correspondence, KRELAGE (J, H,), Haarlem ,, Foreign Correspondence, LANGE (Prof,), Copenhagen ,, Foreign Correspondence, LAVALLEE (the late ALPIL), Paris Garden Botany. LEES(E,). F,L,S Tree Lore. LEICHTLIN (MAX), Baden Baden (iarden Plants. LINDBERG (Prof.), Helsingfors Foreign Correspondence LOWNE, (B. T.), F.R-C.S. .. - - • LYNCH (R. I). Cambridge Botanic Garden MACLACHLAN (R.). F.R,S, ,. MACOWAN (Prof), Cape Town MANGLES(thelateJ.H.),F.L.S. MARIES (C.) .MARTINS (Prof.). Montpellier.. MAW (G.), F.L.S MEEHAN (T,), Philadelphia .. MELVILLE (D.), Dunrobin (gardens MICHIE (C. Y.), Cullen House, Banff Forestry. MILES (G. T.), Wycombe Abbey Gardens., ,. ,, .. Practical Gardening. Amateur Gardening. Garden Botany. Insects. Colonial Notes. Rhododendrons. Japan Plants. Foreign Correspondence. Crocus — Garden Plants. American Correspondence. Practical Cjardening. MILLER (W,), Combe Abbey , MONTEIRO(Chev,). Lisbon ,. MOORE (F. W.), Glasnevin Bo- tanic Garden . . MORREN (Professor), Liege .. MORRIS (D.), Jamaica . . MUDD (C), South Africa Practical (gardening. Foreign Correspondence. Practical (gardening. Foreign Correspondence. Cxilonial Notes. Colonial Notes. Australian Plants. Colonial Notes. Foreign Correspondence. MUELLER (Baron FERD. V.), Melbourne MURTON (H. J.), Siam NAUDIN (C), Antibes ,. NELSON (C, J,), Orange Free State , , . . . . . . Foreign Correspondence. NESFIELD (the late MARK- HAM) .- .. .. .. Landscape Gardening, NICHOLSON (G.), Kew .. Arboretum. O'BRIEN (JAMES) .. .. Orchid Culture. O'BRIEN (T.) Propagation. OLIVER (Capt. S.) .. .. Foreign Correspondence. OLIVER (Prof.), F.R.S Garden Botany. OLIVEIRA (|. D'). Oporto . Foreign Correspondence. OLLERHEAD (J.), Wimbledon Park Gardens . . ORMEROD(Mi5s) OUDEMANNS (Professor), Am- sterdam . . PAGET (Sir James) PAUL (GEO KGE) PAUL(WM.) PEAKE(the late A, W.) PFITZERfProf.), Heidelberg PHILIPS (W.) Fungi-Plant Diseases. PLANCHON (Prof.), Montpellier Foreign Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Insects. Foreign Correspondence. Diseases of Plants. Floriculture. Floriculture, Vegetable Chemistry. Orchids. PLOWRlGHT(C. B.) PRESTO (H.). Trinidad.. PYNAERT(E ). Ghent .. REGEL (E.). St. Petersburg . REICHENBACH (Professor) . RICHES (T.), Chester .. RIVERS (F.). Sawbridgeworth. ROBERTS (J.) ROBINSON 0- F.) RODIGAS, (E,), Ghent , Fungi— Plant Diseases. Colonial Notes. Foreign Correspondence. Foreign Correspondence. Orchids. Practical Gardening. Fruit Culture. Practical Gardening. Bees. Foreign Correspondence. RUST (J.) Practical Gardening. SARGEANT (C. W.), Boston SAUL (M.). York SCHOMBURGK (Dr.). Adelaide SCHUBELER (Prof. I.Christiana SHEPPARD (J.), Wolverston Gardens American Correspondence. Practical Gardening. Colonial Notes. Foreign Correspondence, Practical Gardening SlEMENS(thelateSirW.).F.R.S. Electric Light. Foreign Correspondence Illustrations — Fungi, Diseases of Plants. Foreign Correspondence. Orchid Culture. Colonial Notes. American Correspondence. Colonial Notes, Garden Botany, Colonial Notes, Practical (Jardening. SMITH (A.). Hyijres SMITH (W. G,). F.L.S. SURAUER (Prof.), Proskau .. SURINGAR (Professor), Leyden SWAN (W.), Fallowfield.. SYME (G.). Jamaica THURBER (G), New York .. TI D M A RS H , Graham's Town . . TODARO (Baron), Palermo TRIMEN (H), Ceylon WALLIS (J.), Keele Gardens .. WARD (H. W), Longford Castle Gardens . . . . . . Practical Gardening. WARINGTON (R.) .. .. Vegetable Chemistry. WATSON (SERENO), Boston, U.S Garden Botany. W.4TS0N(W-), Kew .. .. Practical Gardening. WEBSTER . i6-in. 60s. 70s. 90s 110s. 130s. Side Delivery. i8-in, 20-in. 24 in. loin. 16 in. 42-10. 150s. 170s. 190s. £28 £26 £30 Sole Makers: JOHN CROWLEY & CO., Sheffield. V^^RiGHT & Holmes. Illustrated Price LIST free on application to the Patejitees, WRIGHT & HOLMES, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM. ( i ARCHIMEDEAN" AMERICAN LAWN MOWERS. AWARDED HIGHEST PRIZE AT THE Paris Exhibition, 1878 j and the JURY, in their REPORT, say : — Tbe ' ARCHIMEDEAN ' did tba BEST WORK of any Lawn Mower exliiblted." ALSO AT SycinfyExhibition,1879-80 AND AT Melbourne Fxhibition/80-1 opinions of the Press : ' Far superior to any of curs." — Vide The Field. ' RemarVably easy to work." — Vide ( irdencrs' Magazinf. ' The quickest, most simple, and most elTicient mower ever used " — Vide itardeners Chronicle. *' We feel bound to recommend it to our readers as one of the best mowers we have as yet made acquaintance wiih."— Vide floral H'orld. PRICES FROM 25s. Dehvered, Carriage Free, to all Rail- way Stations in Gteat Britain. WILLIAMS & CO. (Limited), Manufacturers and Patentees. SELLING AGENTS american (Limited), merchants, -JOHN C, ROLLINS & CO. Offices— \o?,, UPPER THAMES STREET, ) T r> M n n NT T^ r Warehouses- OLD SIVAN WHARF, ( J- <-» iN JJ U IM , r..^^. COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post Free 3jd. W. RICHARDS, 41. WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C- April ii, 1885.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 469 B. 8. WILLIAMS' CHOICE Flower Seeds, POST-FREE. Per Packet. ASTER, Double Quilled German, mixed „ Dwarf Chrysanthemum, mixed ... „ Reid's Quilled, extra fine, mixed ... „ Victoria, mixed AURICULA, Alpine, mixed BALSAM, Williams' Superb BEGONIA, Hybrid, mixed CALCEOLARIA, Williams' Superb ... CAPSICUM, Williams' Little Gem ... CARNATION, extra choice, mixed ... CHRYSANTHEMUM frutescens grandiflorum „ segetum grandiflorum CINERARIA, Williams' extra choice ... COLEUS, finest mixed COCKSCOMB, Williams' Prize CYCLAMEN giganteum, mixed „ persicum, Williams' Superb Strain DAHLIA, single, choice mixed DIANTHUS chinensis Heddewigi Brilliant FUCHSIA, finest mixed GLOXINIA, finest erect varieties HOLLYHOCK, choice mixed IMPATIENS Sultani MIMULUS, finest mixed PANSY, Fancy or Belgian PELARGONIUM PENTSTEMON, extra choice mixed ... PETUNIA, striped, extra choice PHLOX Drummondi, choice mixed ... PICOTEE, extra choice mixed PINK, extra choice mixed POLYANTHUS, Williams' Prize Strain PRIMULA sinensis fimbriata, mixed, red and white „ sinensis fimbriata, 6vars., mixed ... PYRETHRUM aureum selaginoides ... STOCK, Williams' Superb Large- flowering German Ten-week, collection of three varieties „ East Lothian, collection of three varieties ... „ large-flowering Dwarf German Ten- week, mixed VERBENA, finest mixed WALLFLOWER, Double German, mixed „ Single, mixed ZINNIA elegans. Double, mixed SPLENDID ROOTS. GLADIOLUS brenchleyensis, per doz. IS. yl., per 100 „ Seedling, extra fine, per doz. 3^., per 100 21 7 6 Illustrated Seed Catalogue for 1885, Gratis and Post-free on application. DANIELS BROS/ LIST of CHOICE FLORISTS' FLOWERS SPRING 1885. We have much pleasure in offiriog the following choice Florists' Flowers in strong healthy young plants, mostly Ttom single pots, and guaranteed true to name. Carrlago Free on receipt of Cheque or P.0.0. N,B. — Orders will not he accepted at these prices after April 30. Per dozen — j. d. ABUTILONS.— In choice variety. Six for aj 36 A G A T H ^ A ccelestis (The Blue Marguerite) .. .. .. ., ..50 BOUVARDIAS.— Beautiful varieties, our own selection to name six for 2f. 3 6 CHRYSANTHEMUMS, Japanese.— Superb new varieties of 1884, six for 3J. 6(/. 6 o ,, ,, Fine exhibition varieties 40 ,, „ Popular sorts to name 20 C H RYS AN TH E MUMS, large-flowered incurved and reflexed. — Splendid exhibi- tion varieties .. .. six for 2J. 31/. 4 o ,. ,, Good standard varieties 20 CHRYSANTHEMUMS, Pompon. — In beautiful variety .. six for u. 6fl'. 2 6 COLEUS. — New and select varieties. six for 2f. 3 6 DAHLIAS, Single-flowered. — Very choice sorts, including new varieties of 1884 six for 3.r. 6rf, 6 o ,, „ Beautiful sorts, in splendid variety, to name 3 6 DAHLIAS, Double-flowered. — Show and Fancy. Very choice sorts, including new varieties of 1884 . . . . . , .,60 ,, ,, Choice sorts, our selection 36 DAHLIAS, Bouquet. — Our own selec- tion, including new varieties of 1884 ... 3 6 DAHLIA JUAREZI (The Cactus Dahlia). — Brilliant scarlet, splendid, each 9(/, , three for 2 j. DAHLIA, Constance (White Cactus Daiilia). — Pure white, splendid for cut flowers . . each 6rf. 5 o DAHLIA, Glare of the Garden.— A dwarf growing, double-flowered variety, producing a wonderful profusion of its in- tensely brilliant, neat, scarlet blooms, each 91/., three for 25. FUCHSIAS. — Very choice sorts from our fine collection, including the most beau- tiful varieties .. .. six for is. 6d. ^ 6 „ Good sorts, to name 20 FUCHSIA corymbiflora. — Splendid species, with immense clusters of hand- some scarlet flowers, three for 2s. 6d., each TS. GERANIUMS, Single-flowered Zonal. — Twelve new varieties of 1884 (Pearson's) magnificent set . . . . six for 6s. 10 6 ,, ,, Superb exhibition sorts, our own selection, six for 2S. 6d. 4 6 ., „ Choice sorts, to name 26 GERANIUMS, Double-flowered Zonal. — New varieties of 1884, superb, six for 5s. 9 o , ,, Beautiful sorts for pot culture .. ..46 ,. ,, Choice sorts, to name .. 26 GERANIUMS, Ivy-leaved.— Splendid for hanging-baskets, stumps, &c., six new varieties of 1884, 5^. „ ,, Single and Double, our own selection, in beautiful variety . . . . six for 2j. 3 6 HELIOTROPE, White Lady. — Fine for bouquets, deliciously scented each ^d. 3 o ,, In variety, good sorts .. six for ij. 6ar. 3 6 MARGUERITES, or Parisian Daisies. —In variety six for 2s. 3 6 IMPATIENS Sultani.— Splendid for greenhouse, perpetual bloomer, eachg^/., three for zj. MUSK, Harrison's Giant. — Finely scented six for is. 6d. 2 6 PHLOX, Herbaceous. — A highly im- proved and splendid race of hardy plants. Our own selection, including the most beautiful sorts six for 2j. 3 6 PENTSTEMONS. — In beautiful variety six for 21. 3 6 PETUNIAS.— Double-flowered, beau- tiful sorts six for 21. 3 6 CATALOGUE Free. DANIELS BROS., NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS, NORWICH. THE SATURDAY, APRIL ii, 18S5. COWPER'S COUNTRY. AMONG the numerous homes and haunts of English poets none have attracted so many visitors as Cowper's red brick house in the High Street at Olney, and " The Lodge " at Weston Underwood. At one or other of the dwellings, surrounded by friends and neigh- bours, he wrote The Task and Table Talk, described his garden and greenhouse, " Warm and snug, while the winds whistle and the snows descend." And here he described the fireside pleasures of a winter evening in this simple verse : — " Now stir the fire, and close the shutters fast. Let fall the curtains, wheel the sofa round, And while the bubbling and loud-hissing urn Throws up a steamy column, and the cups. That cheer but not inebriate, wait on each, So let us welcome peaceful evening in." The Americans, having but a short history and few shrines at home, are particularly fond of coming on pilgrimage to England, and especially to the home of Cowper, the poet of Nature and of rural life. They come by rail in haste, spring-heeled travellers as they are, doing England in a few jumps. I entered Olney after slow tramping through the mea- dows, the spire long in sight, reaching it by the bridge of many arches, " That with its wearisome but needful length, Bestrides the wintry flood." Here in Olney and its lanes " Of grassy swarth, close cropp'd by nibbling sheep," pilgrims to the spot discover the " local habita- tion " of the muse. Here stands the Apple tree planted by the poet ; here grew the ' ' Rose just washed in a shower ; " and here the most truthful of observers sketched " Yon cottager that weaves at her own door, Pillow and bobbins all her little store." In Cowper's summer-house, at the end of his garden, he spent a large part of his leisure, wrote most of his letters, and several of his popular poems, and thus he sang of it — " Oh, bless'd seclusion from a jarring world, ***** Had I a choice of sublunary good. What could I wish that 1 possess not here ? Health, leisure, means to improve it, friendship, peace !" In this same summer-house Cowper and Mr. Newton wrote those exquisite and simple verses of the " Olney Hymns." On entering the village, after passing through a level tract of country on the banks of the oft- flooded Ouse, the native home of ague and " rheumatics," one naturally recalls that old rhyme which Cowper introduces in one of his minor poems — " Sle slay, slud, stuck in the mud, Oh, it is pretty to wade through a iiood." 470 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [April ii, 1885. Cowfer's celhr, in the winter, we are told, was often filled with water— poor liquor for a cellar — and in the same season of the year a damp and fishy fume pervaded the locality, breathing of marsh miasma. The "trunk drainage" was defective, and the river flowed down the meadows slowly with many windings. The distance from Olney to St. Neots as the crow tlies is 20 miles, but the "far wandering" stream, as Drayton called it, that " In labryrinlh-like turns and twinings intricate Through these rich fields doth run," measures 70 miles in its tortuous course. "A good view of the Ouse and its meadows is obtained from the * cliff,' a short distance from Olney on the road to Weston Underwood, The poet and Mrs. Unwin walked to this spot almost daily, during many years, before they removed to Weston, and it was here that their companion and favourite, the spaniel " Beau," earned such immortality as a poem may confer, when he plunged into the river and brought a Water Lily ashore and laid at his master's feet. A mile further on we reach Weston and ** the Lodge," where Cowper spent many happy days and wrote his pleasantest poems, nearly the whole of "The Task "and "Table Talk," and many of the short poems. Many persons must have experienced disappoint- ment in visitmg the sites of interesting events or the homes of great men. The battle of Hastings was an event of no small interest in English history ; you visit the spot, refresh yourself— weather being hot — with ginger or other ale at an ordinary inn, and stroll out to the rear of the houses in the street of Battle. It would be useless asking, *' Please where was the Battle of Hastings fought?" so you consult Mr. Freeman's map, and then look around. And this is all you see — pastures, a Hop garden, and the backs of the houses with clothes hanging out to dry. But poets are greater than conjurors, and they leave deeper marks. These you will find where Cowper rambled, and where we, following his footsteps with The Tail- as our guide, feel our affections and our sympathies moved as his were, and by the same incidents and scenes. "The sheep fold here," he says, "pours out its fleecy tenants o'er the glebe." How simple and how apt ! We stand at the field gate and behold this same hurried movement of the " silly sheep " just as the poet did sixty years ago, and we feel that such inimitable descriptions must remain for all time. At the end of a rural lane that he tells of, we may meet the " boorish driver " and his " loaded wain," as in these verses : — " There from the sunburnt hayfield homeward creeps The loaded wain ; while lightened of its charge, The wain that meets it passes swiftly by, The boorish driver leaning on his team." Not less attractive is the minutely drawn picture of a woodland scene diversified with trees, "alike, yet various," I believe the closest observer will find the following description accurate : — " No tree in all the grove but has its charms, Though each its hue peculiar ; paler some, And of a warmish grey ; the Willow such And Poplar, that with silver line5 his leaf, And Ash far stretching his umbrageous arms ; Of deeper green the Elm ; and deeper still Lord of the woods, the long-surviving Oak. Some glossy-leaved, and shining in the sun, The Maple, and the Beech, of oily nuts Prolific ; and the Lime, at dewy eve Diffusing odours ; nor unnoted pass The Sycamore, capricious in attire, Now green, now tawny, and ere autumn yet Have chiUiged the woods, in scarlet honours bright." I shall not venture to supplant a poet who has so minulely described the scene of his daily walks, in sketches like these. The guide-book to Weston is "The Task," where the scenes around his home are all described, from the humble dwelling which Cowper named the "peasant's nest " (now a farm- house) to his favourite resort, the park and shrubbery of Sir John Throckmorton (known as " Benevolus " in " The Task "), who provided the poet with a key of his grounds. The Manor House, which was then attathed to the small estate of the old family of Throckmorton, was pulled down half a century ago, but the outbuildings, park, and " pleasauncc " remain, awaiting the restoration of the ha!!, In this "wilderness" you will find a bust of Homer out in the cold among the evergreens, with an insciiption in Greek, "done into English" by Hayley, thus : — " The sculptor, nameless, though once dear to fame ; But this man bears an everlasting name." In this same "wilderness," close to the Baronet's roof-tree, on the very spot where the hounds broke in and killed the fox in the presence of the family and of Cowper and Mrs. UnwIn, who were walking there, a couple of urns, green with moss, and inscribed with Cowper's playful verses were placed by Sir John over the graves of " Neptune," his favourite pointer, and "Fop," his lady's spaniel. Two representative insti- tutions in the village, of course, remain — the church, and " Cooper's Oak " — " Time made thee what thou wast — King of the Woods, And time has made thee what thou art— a cave For owls to roost in ! " These verses, however, refer to Yardley Oak, a tree known in the country by the name of " Judith," a niece of William the Conqueror, and elsewhere known as "Vardley Oak," from the name of the Chase in which it stands. The "Oak" in the village, now called " Cowper's Oak," is the inn in which, with its successors, will probably stand as long as thirst remains in the land, and "accommodation for man and horse " shall be required at Weston — longer, we may hope, than the pyramids of Egypt. "The Lodge," which was the gift of Cowper's cousin. Lady Hesketh, is a cheerful looking house, having the aspect of a country vicarage. It looks like the residence of people who are happy, and here amid cheerful scenes, among dear friends, in the constant society of his old friend, Mrs. Unwin, well employed and well amused, with bis books, and bis pets, and bis best thoughts, the heavy clouds that beset him elsewhere cleared away. Bui we are told that "coming events cast their shadows before," and on a shutter in Cowper's bedroom we mark the shadow of impending evils. In July, 1795, he left Weston for ever, and on the shutter we read this couplet, written by himself, in pencil — " Farewell, dear scenes, for ever closed to me ! Oh ! for what sorrows must I now exchange you ! " The prophesy fell true. At East Dereham, where he spent his last days and was buried, small joy awaited him. //, E^ JttJ IRIS RETICULATA VAR. SOPHENENSIS. In October last Mrs. Barnum, of the Mission, Kharput, Asia Minor, kindly sent me bulbs, gathered from the sides of the hills near Kharput. The bulbs themselves did not seem to me to be in any essential respect different from those of ordinary I. reticulata, but their flowers, which appeared on February 14, proved that I had obtained a new and distinct variety of the species. The form is not very different from that of the type, but the claw of the fall is distinctly narrower than the lamina, instead of being nearly as wide, and the lamina is elliptical, ending broadly and obtusely instead of being pointed. The standards are relatively to their length broader than the type in the lamina, which also ends obtuse!)', and the claw is more distinctly canaliculate. The style is more decidedly triangular, with crests more divergent than in the type. The (alls are more spreading than in the type, making an angle of a few degrees only with the horizontal, whereas in both the type and the Kre- lagei variety this angle is one of nearly 45". The standards instead of being vertically erect diverge somewhat outwards ; and the whole flower is small, and especially dwarf, reaching only about z\ or 3 inches from the gound, the tube and spathe-valves together being about \\ inch long. In colour the plant is very distinct both from the blue-purple type and the red-purple Krelagei. The lamina of the fall is of a light reddish-purple, marked in the median line by a low ridge of an orange-yellow hue, not so bright or full as in the type. Along the claw this ridge or signal is continued as a low wavy yellow crest, marked by dark spots. On each side of this crest is a yellow band marked with dark purple spots, and from this band veins diverge, bluish- purple at first, but becoming redder near the edge where they are confluent into a reddish-purple ground. The standards are of a reddish-lilac, with hardly visible veins. The styles have a very peculiar colour. The upper surface for about the median half is a blue with a peculiar metallic sheen ; this on each side gradually changes into a light reddish-purple. Veins of a similar blue are seen on the median side of the upper surface of the crests, which are otherwise of a reddish-purple. The under-surface of the styles is similarly blue in the middle and reddish-purple at the edges. The anthers and pollen are of a dead white. The leaves are tetragonal, quite similar to those of reticulata ; but these either do not appear until after the flower, which thus arises naked from the ground, guarded by the spathe valves and sheath only, or acquire at most the height of an inch or so at flower- ing time, whereas both in the type and in Krelagei the leaves are several inches high at flowering time, generally overtopping the flowers, and in I. Histrio they are higher still. The differences of form mentioned above do not seem to be very great, yet they — especially with the differences of colour, the short stature and the ab- sence of leaves — suffice to give the plant so distinct an appearance that every one on seeing it would say it was something new. Still, for reasons which I will give in a subsequent note on the whole reticulata group, I conclude that the plant ought not to be con- sidered as a new species, but as a new and distinct variety, or at most a subspecies ; and I propose accordingly to call it I. reticulata var. sophenensis, from Sophene, the old name of the district around Kharput. As a garden plant viewed with regard to its beauty, it is distinctly inferior to the type, and inferior even to the better forms of the Krelagei variety. And it is not at all fragrant. Still its peculiar colour- ing, its dwarf habit, and even the absence of foliage at flowering time, give it a charm of its own. Odontoglossum Andersonianum, Rchh. /., AND HEBRAICUM, Rchb,J» I have before me a rich inflorescence kindly sent by Mr. W. Lee. Among the numerous flowers of the first is one of the second, and this gives a fair idea of the value of these differences we have to consider, and which would have been multiplied ad infinitum if the wishes of certain correspondents had been fulfilled. It is after all as great a satisfaction to obtain such fine specimens as this was, as it is shocking to get a single crushed flower where well preserved flowers should be the basis of operations. It is just impossible to name with certainty miser- able scraps, whatever may be their origin. I could not help refusing the other day to receive a Con- tinental box, as I knew beforehand that it would con- tain once more single flowers in miserable condition. H. G. Rchb. f. DAFFODILS. N. OBVALLARIS. FL.-rL.— I send herewith a flower of the double Tenby Daffodil, the first example I have seen, although many spurious double Tenbys have been offered in florists' catalogues. I send three ex- amples, which will, I hope, be examined, with reference to the report on the doubling of Daffo- dils, for the Conference Committee. The first is a wild Tenby Daffodil, having the usual six perianth segments, six stamens, and one three-lobed pistil. The second is what I take to be the first stage of doubling. It has eight perianth segments, eight stamens, and the stigma is four-lobed. The crown also has eight notches. It is a remarkably sturdy flower, and the ovary is very full, so that it would evidently have produced a very strong crop of seedlings, of which some might possibly have been doubles. The third is a full double Tenby Daffodil, an exact double, there being evidently a double set of perianth segments, and a double set of crowns, broken up into a rose Daffodil. All these occurred wild In the neighbour- hood of Tenby, and are, I consider, a very interesting set of examples of the passage from the single to the double in a wild state. The full double occurred on the site of an old garden, where a college stood some twenty years ago ; but the whole place is now a field. APtIL II, 1SS5.] THE GARDENERS' CH ROM CLE. 471 Perhaps the good soil of the old garden bad some- thing to do with the doubling, but the specimens show that the single Tenby produces a double Tenby of the same character. From my point of view I see herein also a further confirmation of my theory that doubling is produced by seeding, although I am quite open to admit that doubling may also come by other favourable circumstances. In the GarJiiurs' Chronicle for May 10, 1SS4, p. 606, I gave an account of the doubling of the white N. moschatus in the gardens of Mr. Elwes and Mr. Dillwyn Llewellyn, in both of which cases the single wild form and the double occurred in close proximity, and I advanced reasons for thinking that the doubling came by seeding. Dr. Browne, of Hull, gives a very interesting account in the Garden (p. 265) of the raising of his double N. nanus. He says that he grows some hun- dreds of N. nanus, and every year collects seeds, which he sows in spare beds. The seedlings are lelt to take care of themselves until they are large enough to transplant, and that the Howers sent by him to the Conference last year were the produce of one of these bulbs, and that he has two or three more bulbs which he expects will turn out to be doubles. Here we have direct proof that doubles come as seedling varieties. Double D.\ffodil Seeding. Your columns for 1SS4 contained many notes upon this subject, after I had raised it, at the Conference, and on reading them afresh it is interesting to note the progress which has been made in proof of it since that time. Mr. Barr challenged me to show ripe seeds of the double Telamonius, and this was in due time accomplished. We have now a nice little crop of seedlings grown from seeds of this double Daflfodil. Mr. WoUey Dod (Garden, March 21, p. 232) reports that Mr. Tyerman 5nds that his double Telamonius produce seed freely, and he finds that they produce doubles like themselves by seeding. I think therefore we may consider this part of the question settled, so there only remains the further one, which may be said to be Mr. Wolley Dod's query — Does our wild Pseudo-Narcissus, by cultivation, become Telamonius plenus ? For the solution of this we must wait the result of the labours of the committee. \Vm, Brock- iank, Broikhtint, Didsbiiry, March 28. NOTES FROM A BUCKINGHAM- SHIRE GARDEN. March 12. — I waste my time just now in observing from the window a pair of little blue titmice. They mean to build in the Ivy and Roses that cluster round the old Stone Pine ; not, I think, in the rustic back mansion placed ready for them in a Yew tree hard by. These titmice are the gracefallest little things imaginable : flitting about like airy living leaves, their colour a lovely grey-green flashed with blue. One never tires of following with the eye their pretty graceful movements while they are on the hunt in and out of the branches. Nothing can exceed their animation and grace as they turn and twist upon a small square of bacon-fat made fast to the end of a long string. This dainty hangs all the winter from the tree lor the tomtits' especial benefit. They are tame also, and, like all very little birds, are seemingly not able to take in the idea of a large human being. Quite unlike this small fearlessness of titmice is the impudent effrontery of our little ne'er-do-weels — the sparrows. Their familiarity seems to have no touch of kindliness in it. I do not blame them. It is the shape of their blunt coarse beaks that affects their whole nature ! The sparrows'perverseness increases, and the friendlier we are to them the worse they behave. They tear up into shreds our beautiful yellow Crocuses, but mainly the yellow. The white and the lilac are left comparatively unmolested, and they seem to attack only the beds in full sunshine. Crocuses, I feel sure, never before suffered from sparrows as they do this season. The Sea Purslane also, which luxuriates in our warm soil, has been persecuted all the winter, and is now stripped nearly bare of leaves. I believe this ferocity (for it is nothing less) of our sparrows is to be attributed to the unusual dryness of the weather following the extreme dryness of last summer. Want of food it cannot be, for all our beloved birds have been fed throughout the winter. Moisture is sought by them in the honey-drop within the Crocus flower, and in the rather fleshy foliage of the Sea Purslane. In the spring the sparrows will amply pay for the sorrows they cause us now, and the more sparrows' nests the fewer grubs there will be to plague us. The spar- row's eye for colour (one would guess that flaunting yellow would be their chosen colour) is not the same ns the hive-bee's. Bees seem to avoid the yellow Crocus, while they love the while, the purple, and the striped. I have watched them of late when the sun has been warm and bright. I do not know if hive-bees carry on into the summer their objection to yellow : it is certain, however, that in Sunflower time the yellow Sunflowers are visited by humble-bees only. One division of our Crocus enemies has been parlly checkmated by the simple plan of putting in the bulbs very deep ; the mice do not quite so easily get at them. Numbers have also been successfully trapped. Hares, on the other hand, have annoyed us more than usual. A long row of line young Wallflowers have been devoured by them, besides scores of Carnations in the Boccage — the hares and I agreeing in our love for Wallflowers, only their fancy is for the leaves, not the flowers. (Poor hares! It is little consolation for our loss to remember that they were all shot and roasted for dinner, after they had done the mischief!) Charming as masses and lines of Crocus are in the borders and parterres, to enjoy them thoroughly they must be growing in the green grass, and they must be spreading themselves wide open to the sunshine at mid-day. The orchard is gay with broad patches of yellow Crocus — remnants torn from the field of the Cloth of Gold ; and the banks of our tiny watercourse is a long green cloth laid out with services of amethyst and silver cups. Within the garden pure white and golden Crocus sprinkle the turf round trees and elsewhere, where their leaves need not be mown olf too soon. AH this should be in the past tense, for the Crocus has already seen its prime, and the remaining few look pinched under the East Wind's bane. How strangely vivid, with how great tenacity, will some very little unimportant scene or feeling sometimes cling to the memory through all the years. Thus, with Feb- ruary's first purple Crocus for me unfailingly arises in a far-ofl tender light the vision of some forgotten garden wilderness, enclosed with trees, beyond the town, where my mother and I once walked together. There, as we rested under the trees, appeared before us a solitary purple Crocus, shining on the grassy lawn I After years, whose number one scarcely cares to count, that moment's joy is in sober truth recalled as the most exquisite of a whole long life-time. On the old brick south wall of the kitchen garden our only plant of Pyrus japonica is arrayed in finer bloom than usual. Hardly an inch of brown wood shows between the clustering red of a thousand rich and brilliant blos- soms. Last autumn the fruit ripened — or, to be truer, hardened — upon it in large green apples of a Pippin shape. What an old-fashioned shrub it is ! and how seldom seen but in old gardens ; and how, in these days, one never thinks of planting a new one. About the roots of the Pyrus japonica, and along the narrow border at the foot of the wall, is a delicious tangle of Iris, Violets, and Rosemary, Narcissus of the less common kinds, with many a sweet Soulh-lQving plant that has got there one knows not when nor how. Amongst them is a Star of Bethlehem, and in the wall itself grow bunches of yellow Fumitory (Cory- dalis lutea) just coming into flower ; and there is a seedling Holly, and a little starved Yew niched in a cranny near the top, and thereare patterns in grey lichen scrawled upon the red brick. The Polyanthus Nar- cissus under the wall — ^roots that ^have been turned out of the greenhouse after flowering in days gone by — are luxuriantly beautiful this season. Their petals are the clearest yellow, and the cups deep orange, most richly scented. The orange centres seem to gather in and hoard all the sunshine that has ever shone upon them, giving it out again in living sun- gold even in dull weather. The delicate lilac flowers of Iris cristata, sheltered among the thick-growing bushes of dark green leaves, are blooming abundantly. There have been been hundreds of blossoms, and we have never been without them since December, for we had them under glass all January till February, when we began to perceive a lilac glow among the leaves in the open air. These Irises bloom here at precisely the same time with those of the same kind in their own warm sun steeped land. They could not flower here so early but for the sheafs of sheltering leaves which almost hide them from sight. Few things look more charming for the table than the tr