LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE n o .._L4.D.1S___ date _ krA8_l3. . ill^e,... I'uxids . . . . ^ TuiH Dec SOURC December 30, 18930 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE % Wwklg Ellustrattb Journal OF Horticulture and Allied Subjects. (ESTABLISHED IN 1841.) VOL. XIV.-THIRD SERIES. JULY TO DECEMBER, 1893. LONDON : 41, WELLINGTON STREET, CO VENT GARDEN, W.C. 1893. 1813 iomion : bradbury, agnew, & co. limd , prints s, whitefriars. The Gardeners' Chronicle.] 'December 30, 1S93. INDEX OF CONTENTS. JULY TO DECEMBER, 189 3. Abbeblbt Hall Gardens, 713 Abies Alcockiaua, 340 Abutilon vitifolium album, 783, 808 Acacia, hybridisation of the, 24U Acanthoriza aculeata, 98 Achillea, The Pearl, 554 Achimenes loDgiflora, 104; new variety of, 132 Acorn crop, the, 404 Acorn, poisoning by, 434 Ageratum, Bijou de Lyon, 403 Agaricus phalloides, 361 Agave potatorum, 743 Agricultural Hall, show at, 242/308 Agricultural returns, 1893 657 Ailanthuses, cut-back, 188 Albumen in plants, 530 Aleppo, Liquorice and Orange culture in, 97 Allotment gardening, 129 Allotments, 186, 725, 784, 809 Allotments in parishes, 688 Alonsoa linifolia, 428; A. Warsce- wiczii compacta, 428 Alpine garden, a new, 160 Amaryllis Belladonna, 371,468, 554 596 Amelanchier canadensis, 423; A. var. oblongi folia, 137 American Coniferous forests, 209, 558 American parks and gardens, 429, 502, 552, 585, 684 American Turpentine Tree, the wood of the, 334 Ames, F. L., 434 Ampelopsis Veitchii var. purpurea, 492 Amygdalus nana, 275 Anastatica hierocbuntina, 769 Andre, M. Edouard, 306 Anemone hortensis, fungus on tuber of, 75 Anemone svlvestris, the active prin- ciple of, 98 Anemonopsis macrophylla, 132 Angraecum O'Brienianum, 300 Anthracnose of the Vine. 3.3 Anthurium, hybrid, 216, 275; A. Wambeckianum, 557 Antibes, notes from, 299 Antigua Botanic station, 180 Antwerp Exposition Universelle, 497, 721 Aphelexis, culture of. 685 Apiary, the, 37, 95, 213, 303, 440, 527, 687 Apple, a heavy, 245 439; Baldwin, 559; Bedfordshire Foundling. 426; Cornish Gilliflower, 622, 684 ; Cox's Pc mona, 622 ; culture for farmers, 156; Ecklinville Seedling, 622; Emperor Alexander. 426 499 ; Gra- ham's Royal Jubilee, 426. 46S; Hambling's|, Seedling, 534 ; Stirling Castle, early bearing of, 404 ; trees, premature flowering of, 404 ; Peas- good'a Nonsuch, large specimen of, 308 Apples and Pears, the keeping of, 533. 753; a use for wind-fallen, 309; rearing of, from eeed, 151 ; second crop of, 532 Apricots, standard, ripening their fruits, 162 Arabia, collecting in south, 651 Arachnanthe Clarkei, 713; A. Lowii, 264 Aralia canescens, 302 Arauja sericifera, 436 Arbutus Unedo at Balcarres, 329 Architects and landscape gardeners, 130, 190 Aristolochia gigas, 190 Arsenites as Insecticides, 807 Art and botany, 138 Asa Gray, the letters of, 722. 781 Ash tree ready for removal, 87 Asparagus in Lanarkshire, 309 Aster puniceus pulcherrimus, 468 Aster the Comet, 629 ; Webb's White Queen, 361 Asters at Chiswick, 333 Attar of Roses, the production of, 99 Auricula, the, 59, 747 Austrian Briars, the. 328 Azalea indica, growth and culture of, 34,59 Azolla filiculoides, 42; in fruit, 209; pinnata (by erroi i 15 Bacteria, the chemistry of, 522 Bailey, Professor L. H., retirement of, 658 Balata industry at Paramaribo, 7-2 Baltet, Mr. Chas., 306 Bananas in Costa Rica, 138 Banksia collina, 744 Barham Court, fruit at. 207 Barkeria Lindleyana, 649 Barkerias from Highbury, 712 Baroda House, Water Lilies at, 301 Batavian Endive, 533 Bean, the Asparagus, 424; the Lima, 424, 621 ; the Soy, 424 Beans, late Scarlet Runner, 725 Bear Park, Wensleydale. 8 Bedding in Hyde Park, 183 ; plants for summer, 652; with yellow flowers, 460 Bee-keeping, technical lectures on, 590 Begonia, Gloire de Sceaux, 66 ; B. Tweedieana, 438 Begonias, bedding, 245 Belgian and English gardeners, 753, 784 Belgium and in England, Orchid cul- ture in, 650, 784 Belvedere, notes from, 619; Orchids at, 297 Benefit and Provident Society, United Horticultural, 00, 467, 500 Benevolent Institution, Gardeners' Royal, 16, 66 Berlin letter, 800 Bienonia Cherere, 438 Binrock Gardens, Dundee, 63 Birmingham Botanic Gardens, 502, 723 Bletchley Park, 534 Bletk Shepherdi, 264 Bones, as crocking for Chrysanthe- mums, 13,16; as drainage for Chrys- anthemums, 42 Books, Notices of:— Art out-of- doors (Mrs. Schuyler van Ecnsiclaer), 496; Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists (Jas. Britten and G. S. Boulger), 345 ; Birds of Michigan, 722 ; Book of Choice Ferns. 40 ; Botanical Magazine, 98, 336, 465, 594. 751; British Flies (F. V. TkeoMd). 160 ; British Fungi, 337 ; British Fungus Flora (Geo. Nance), vols, ii., iii., 774; Bulbs and Tuberous- rooted Plants (C. L Allen), 627 ; A Com- panion for the Queensland Student of Plant-life (F. M. Bailey), 402; Cottage Gardening, 627 ; Cottagers' Manual of Poultry-keeping (U. B. Tegetmeier), 774 ; Dendrobiums, a Synopsis of (H. J. Solmam), 465 ; Deutsche Dendrologie (Dr. Emil Kn, hne) 274 ; Dictionary of Birds (Prof. Newton), 273, 530; Diction- naire Pratique d'Horticulture, 130, 337, 721 ; Die Nafiirlichen Pflanzen Familien, 337 ; Elementary Text- book of Agricultural Botany (M. C. Potter), 724 ; E'ements de Botanique Agricole (E Schrihaux et J. Kanot), 724; Figures with Descriptions of Extra Tropical South African Orchids (H. Bolus. F.L.S.), 402; Flora Australiensis, 160; Flora Brasili- ensis, vol. xiii., Part 3. Orchidacfre (Alfred Cogniaux), 238; Flora of British India, 370 ; Flora of Kent (A. V. Webster), 721; Handbook of the Destructive Insects of Victoria ( C. French), 530 ; Handbook of Flora of New South Wales I Chas. Moore, F.B.S.), 165 ; Hooker's Icones Plan- tarum, 529 ; Hygiene, Essays on Rural Hygiene (G. V. Poore). 615; Index Kewensis, 304, 779; Irises, bulbous (Prof. Michael Foster), 14; Jamaica, Flora of (Wm. Fawcett), 498 ; Johnson's Gardeners' Diction- ary, 130,531 ; Journal des Orchidees, 807; Journal of Mycology, 129; Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, 272 ; Journal of Universal Information (Ed. Curtice^, 808 ; Kew Bulletin, The, 160,336, 432; Labour, A New Chapter in the History of (Keith), 594 ; La Fumure des Champs et des Jardins (L Grandeau), 219; Le Petit Jardin. 781 ; L'Horticulture Franchise (M. Ch. Baltet), 130 ; Lin- denia, the, 466 ; ^Manuel de Geo- graphic Botanique (M. Georges Poirault), 721; Mechanical Work in Garden and Greenhouse (Francis Chilton Young). 165; Meehan's Monthly, 780; Orchid Review, the, 97, 466, 627, 752 ; Plant - atlas to my Water-cure {Sebastian Kneipp), 165; Poultry for the Table and Market (W. B. Tegetmeier), 40; Revision des Champignons dans les Pays-Baa (Prof. Oudeman), 774 ; Revue de Viticulture, 780 ; Romance of Low Life amongst Plants (M. C. Cooke), 774 ; Semer et Planter (I). Cannon), 219; Shrubs of Noith- Eastern America (C. S. Ken-hall), 529; Species and Varieties of the genus Acer (Frit: Graf Von Schwerin), 807; Sylva of North America, 690, 720; (C. S. Sargent), The Orchards : Fruit Culture for Small Holdings (•/. Cranston), 436; Thistles common in Australia (Baron Sir Ferd. von Mueller), 337 ; The Grasses of the Pacific Slope, 189 ; Vine and its Culture, the, 807 ; Vorlaufige Nachricht von Emigen das Geschlecht der Pflanzen betref- fenden Versnchen und Beobachtun- gen (Kolrcuter), 130; Work of V-e Soil and its Nitrification (P. P. Veherain) 268 Bordeaux Mixture, formula for makiDg the, 12 Boronias, culture of, 558 Botanic Gardens, Birmingham, 723 Botanic station, Antigua, 180 Botanic stations, 208 ; in the colonies, 151 Botanical Magazine dedicated to Mr. Hanbury, 807 Botany and art, 138 Bougainvillea glabra, flowering out-of- doors, 726 Brassica show, a, 725 Briars, the Austrian, 328 Bricklehampton Hall, 802 Bridal bouquets at the royal wedding, 39 British Guiana, tropical gardening in, 337 Broccoli, heeling-in, 754 Brownea Crawfordi at Kew, 627 Brownleea cierulea, 188 Buckingham Palace, the decorations at, 39 Bud- moth, the, 434 Buds, the individuality of Chrysan- themum, 592 Buenos Ayres. 658 Bulb and seed trade employe*, 691, 785, 808 Bulbophyllum hirtum, 712 Burvenicb, M , Honour for, 807 Calanthe bella, 235 ; C. Burforc'i- ensis, 235 ; C. X Victoria, 235 Calathea allouya, 97 Calcutta, Royal Botanic Gardens, 3(7 California, Ferns and Begonias in, 472 ; fruit-growing in, 722 Californian fruit, 338 Californian Poppy, 752 Calla, the rose-coloured, 658, 659 Calpurnia aurea, 750 Camellia in the open air at Oaborne, 401 Camellia reticulata at Hong Kong, 523 Campanula excisa, 307; C.lactiflora,94 Companulas, eaten by dog. 68 Camphor trade in Formosa. 94 Canna. Q leen Charlotte, 658 Cannas, a paper by Mr. Geo. Paul, on, 647 Cannas, new dwarf, 189; C, proposed classification of, 432 Cannes, the gardens at, 620 Cannon, Mr. Geo., 467, 721 Cape Goofctberry, the, 424 IV The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 30, 1893. Cape, the Bower trade of the, 129 Capsicum, the, 424 Caraccas, Cedar-wood in, 14 Carbon, bisulphide of, 807 Cardiff. Botanic Garden for, 721 Cardiff Castle Gardens, 295 Carnation. Mrs. Leopold de R)tbs- child, 295 . Carnation, Souvenir de la MalmaisoD, 800 u , K I Carnation and Picotee. the, 154 Carnations, 129, 524, 747 Carnations one hundred years ago, 1JO Casimiroa edulis, 393 Catalpa speciosa, 216 Cattleya amethystoglossa, var. rosea, 35; C. X Chloris, 525; C. citnna, 425 • C. granulosa Dubuyssonii, 150; C. Gaskelliana,404; C. X Hardyana, 298 • C. Hardyana X Statter's form, 35 ; 'C. labiata, 490 ; C. labiata var. 584 742 • C. labiata Gaskelliana, 99 ; C. 'Leopoldi, 130; C Mendeli, Quorndon-house var., 235; C. Mos- sias, var. Mendeli, 35 ; C. Parthenia X.713; C. velutina,712 Cedar-wood in Caraccas, 14 Celeriac, 424 Celsia cretica, 301 Centropogon Lucyanus, 744 Cercidiphyllumjaponicum. 137 Cereus grandiflorus, 186, 245 Chemistry, abstract of a lesson in agri- cultural, by Prof. W. O. Atwater, 797 Chenopodium bonua-Henrjcus, 424 Cherkley Court, fire at, 131 ; rebuild- ing of, 562 Chervil, the turnip- rooted, 424 Chicago Exhibition, 119. 266, 501 ; Chrysanthemums at, 716 Chicago, horticultural congress at, 242 Chilian Strawberries, 683 China, frost in, 13 ; vegetable products in, 365 Chionodoxa Alleni, 404 Chiswick Asters at, 333 ; notes from, 152, 457, 553, 587; Phloxes at, 128; Sweet Peas at, 13 Chiswick, variegated Ivies at, 802 Chiswick show, the, 66 Chorizemas, the culture of, 771 Christmas, flowers and fruit for:778 Christmas trees, the trade in, 754 Chrysanthemum buds, the individuality of, 592 Chrysanthemum Exhibitions, how to improve, 584, 660, 726 Chrvsanthemum growers' terms, 592, 620 Chrysanthemum Gustave Giuaerwald, 328; Lady Fitzvygram. 240; Madame Theiese R^y, 718; Mrs. Alpbeus Hardy, 691 ; season, the 158, 560 ; season, prospects of the, 524 ; sports. 567 ; white Louis Boshmer, 718 ; verses on the. 602 Chrysanthemums, 155, 404, 658; at Chicago. 716; about London, 531, 563, 586, 619, 713; anemone- flowered, 718 ; expanding show- boards for, 754 ; for catting, 808 ; in the conservatory, 397; select deco- rative, 776; stopping, 747; taking the buds of, 7 16; treatment of, 396 ChryBogonum virginianum. 404 Chufa, the, or Rush-nut, 424 Cigarette smoking in Persia, 392 Cirrhopetalum ornatissimum, 553 Cistus, the genus, 88 Citrus and deciduous trees from seeds, 458 Citrus trifoliata, 556, 625 Clematis, a hybrid, 242. 275 Clematis graveolens, 435 Clematises, sweet-Bcented, 208 Clethra alnifolia, 494; C. tomentosa, 302 Cliveia miniata var. Miss Alice Rodigas, 130 Club, Botanical Exchange, 401 Cockscomb Vesuvius, 715 Coddling in gardening, 437 Coffee growing in Java 64 Ccelogyne pandura'a 235 Cole us tuberosus, 183 Colletia bictonensia, 438 Colocasia antiquorum, 207 ; C. eacu- lenta, 207 Colonial notes, 300 Coloured foliage, 754 Colouring of flowers and fruits, arti- ficial, 779 Colutea arboreecena, 398 Combermere Abbey, 14 Commerson's monument in Mauritius, 648 Commons.an end to unlawful enclosure of, 400 Conifer forests in America, 209, 558 Conifers and Taxads, 456 Conifers, blue, 275 Conifers, the rate of growth of, 438; the resin of, 327 Continent, a journey on the, 87 Continental novelties, 715 Cornus Spathi, 166 Coryanthes Wolfii, 424 Cosmos bipinnatus, 596 Costus igneus, 627 County Council Horticulture in Nor- folk, 753 Cover, Svmmes' vegetable-, 403 Crinum Kirkii, 69 Crocks to prevent the ingress of worms, 273 Crotalaria longirostrata, 98 Cucumber culture, 772 Cucumber diseases, 137 Cucumber tendrils, 161 Cupressus macrocarpa var. lutea. 188 Currant, Red, a new large, 39; the Crandall, 137 Cyclamens, hardy, 300 Cydonias, 682 Cymbidiumeburneum, 264 ; C. grandi- ftorum var. punctatum, 524 ; C. Lowianum,425 ; C. L. var. superbia- sima, 524 Cyperus esculentus, 424 Cvpripedium x Ianthe, 742; C. in- nigne Sanders, 490; C. Leeanum, 584 ; C. L. var. gigantea, 235 ; C. X L. varieties, 712 ; C. X Massai- anum, 267; C. Niobe, 742; C. X Schroderse, 683; C. sport, do., 753; C. X TennyBon.683; C. x venueto- Spicerianum, 742 Cypripediums, raisintr new varieties of, 42 ; Bporting of, 809 Cyrtanthua helictus, 69 Cytiaus elongatus, 435 Daiieocia polifolia, 240 Daffodils, 401 Dahlia Paragon, 365; the origin of, 438 Dahlias, 155 ; new varieties of, 364 Damage to trees at Dropmore, 753 Dampsba Melon, 340 Date-Palm, a new, 299 Davenham Bank, notes from, 240 Decorations, floral, 770 Dendrobium Dalhousieanum and allied sneciea, 33; D. den8iflorum, 122; D. fimbriatum oculatum, 96; D. Johneoniss, 235; D. PhaloeoopBis Schroderianum, 458, 490; D. P. Rothschildianum. 524; D. P. Stat- terianum, 458 ; D. auperbiens, 712 Derby, a horticultural society for, 66 Deutzia gracilis, 184; D. parviflora, 152 Dianthus gallicus, 360 Dibdin House, Orchids at, 684 Dictamnus gigantea, 458 Didymocarpns lacunosa, 211 Dimorphanthus mandshuricus, 492 Diospyroa Kaki at Kew 682 Dischidia RafHesiana, 366 Dolichos sesquipedalis, 424 Dominica botanic station. 152 Doryanthes Guilfoylei, 160 Dragons blood, 188 Dressing, a winter, 565 Dropmore, damage to trees at, 753 Dropsy in the Tomato, 138 Drought and watering, 42 Drought-enduring flowers, 341 Drought, the great, 753 Eabl's Court, Forestry at, 459 ; prize money at, 754, 784 Earwigs on lawns, 42 Economic plants in Tahiti, 269 Edelweiss, the sham, 273, 306 Edenhall, Penrith, 403 Education in horticulture, 728 ; in horticulture, technical, 408 ; in gar- dening, 720 Egg-plant, the purple, 424 Elaaagnua macrophyllus, 654 Electric light and vegetation, 273, 394 Emigration, 39 Endive, Batavian, 504 Epidendrum pusillum, 121 Epilobium latifolium, 5 6 Ericas, the culture of, 492 Escallonia Phillipiana. 60 Eucalyptus, and the Times, 104 Eucharis, the, 200 Eucryphia pinnatifolia, 165 Eulophiella Elisabethfe, how it was obtained, 14, 556 Europe with foreign plants, the peopling of, 210 Events of 1893, 804 Examinations in horticulture, 14 ; of the Royal Horticultural Society, 104 Fakadaya splendida, 87 Ferguson, C.M.G., A.M., 498 Ferns as art models, 359 ; deciduous, 365; of New Zealand, the, 177; Shield, as decorative plants, 267 Fertilisers on Peach trees, effect of, 629 Fibre Preparation in Zanzibar, 156 Fibres, vegetable, in upholstery, 208 Ficus elastica, 405 Figs, a second crop of, 530 Finochio, 191, 424 Flaxley Lodge, Orchids at, 684 Floral decorations, 770 Florence, the gardens at, 620 Florida, Orange-culture in, 166 Flower garden, the. 10, 37. 65 94, 127, 184, 212, 241, 271, 303. 335, 367, 399, 431, 462. 494. 527. 559. 591, 623, 655, 687, 709, 749, 777, 803 Flowering of plants, influence of exter- nal conditions on the, 807 Flowering plants, out-of-door, 652 Flower-rack, the Martin, 407 Flowers, drought-enduring, 341; in ice, 8 ; single and double on a stock, 130 Foeniculum dulce, 424 Foliage, ornamental, 754 Fonthill Abbey, 551 Forage plant, a new, 96 Foreign plants, the peopling of Europe with, 210 Forestry, 298, 373. 429, 459, 714, 774 Forestry, British, 743 Forest trees, insects injurious to, 373 Formosa, the camphor-trade in, 94 Foxglove, a campanulate, 98 Freylinia cestroidea at Kew, 650 Froet, early autumn, 691 ; in China, 13 Frosts, severe, 628 Fruit and the weather, liO Fruit crop and its results, the, 560 Fruit crop, the hardy, 492 Fruit crops, remarks upon the, 122, 152 Fruit crops, report on the condition of the, 89 Fruit farming, 340 ; growing at Ons- low Hall, 42; bardy at exhibitions, 426; home-grown, 85; packing, 807 Fruit-room, the, 628 Fruit trees, summer-pruning of, 68 ; the result of pinching and pruning, 235 Fruits and vegetables, rare, 469 Fruits, early, 15; for market, 438; improving the qualitv of 370 Fruits, under glass, 37. 65, 94, 127, 185, 213, 241, 271. 303, 335 366, 398. 431, 463, 494. 526 559. 591, 623, 654, 687, 718, 749, 777, 803 Fuchsia, Dunrobin bedder, 156 Fuchsias, dwarf, as bedders, 372 Fuchsias, two sports in, 722 Fulham recreation ground, 808 Fungi on Mushroom- beds, 299 Fungi, root, tested, 434 Fungus, a poisonous. 361 ; F. on Ane- mone HortenBis, 75 Furciiea fibre, 401 Galanthus Elweaii, 808 Galeandra Claesii,524 Gardeners and gardening on the Ri- viera, 47 Gardener's duties, a. 721 Gardeners, lady, 131 Gardeners, past and present, 464 Gardening, profitable, 14 Gardening, Sir Trevor Lawrence, on, 186 Genista setnenaia, 60 Geranium macrorhth year of Distribution. Williams' superb Straio. Is. tirf. per dozen ; 10s. per 100. CINERARIAS, same Price; also DOUBLE WHITE PRIM- ULAS, 6o\ each. Package and Carriage free for Cash with Order.— JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries. Coventry. ORCHIDS. — New and rare speoies, a speoial feature. Catalogue forwarded post-free on application. SEEGER and TROPP, Ltd., Orchid Nursery, East Dulwich, London, S.E. TO SAVE MONEY place your orders now.— ROMAN HYACINTHS, first size, 10s. 6d. per 100; Poeticus ornatus, early pheasant eye, 3s. 9 i. per 100 ; Camper- nelle Jonquils, 3s. per ion, for not less than 100. Trade Price on applicition.— WALSHAW and SON, Scarborough. To the Trade. RAPESEED and AGRICULTURAL WHITE MUSTARD. Hand F. SHARPE have to offer tine • samples of RAPESEED and WHITE MUSTARD, suitable fir Field Culture. Special quotations and samples on application. SEED GROWING ESTABLISHMENT. WISBECH. TO SPARE— 1000 strong plants of CHRYS- ANTHEMUMS, in 5-inch pocs, best varieties, of recent introduction. 10s. per dozen. Package Free. H.J. JONES. RyecroftNur,ery, Hither Green, Lewisham, 8. E. FW. BOFF receives for SALE, on CommiiT- • sion. all kinds of FLOWERS, especially White. 203. Upper Street, Islington, London ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden. To Growers. IGH CLASS FRUIT and FLOWERS BOUGHT or SOLD on Commission. G. MUNTON, 155, Ashford Road, Eastbourne. MESSRS. HURST and SON beg to inform their Customers that THEIR PREMISES WILL BE ENTIRELY CLOSED on the occasion of the ROYAL WEDDING on July 6.— 15.', Houndeditch, E. WANTED, CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS to SELL on COMMISSION. Boxes and labels suppliei. O. B. MEW, Earlswocd, Redhill. H 1 00 000 FREESIA REF. ALBA.— Pure -a-V/V/ ^ \J \J\J white, sweet-scented. Easy to grow, grand for cutting, 18s. to 26s. per 1000, 3s. 6d. per 100, carriage paid ; 5000 Amaryllis in sorts, tine large bulbs, sure to please, 10s. per dozen. Money returned if not approved. 6000 Nerines, in three sorts, 30s. per 100, 4s. per dozen ; 10,000 Pancratiums, in all the best sorts, from 25s. per 100, 4s. per dozen. J. JAMES, New Maiden, Surrey. Sow now for early flowering In Spring. ROEMER'S SUPERB PRIZE PANSIES. ty The finest strain of Pansies in the World. „fy Introducer and Grower of all the leading Novelties. CATALOGUE, free on application. FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS: Odontoglossum-, &e.,atl«. each. Guaranteed healthy plants. LI-iT grati- . — Vhe " Shilling Orchid " company, 181, Albion Street, Leed;. ( CARNATIONS FROM SEED.— Seed of my V_V own saving and hybridising, producing 75 per cent, uf Double Flowers, equal to the finest-named sorts, but with greater vigour of growth and abundance of flowers. 25 seeds, Is. ; 100 seeds, 3s. ; 500 seeds, 12s. 6d. Carnation Marguerita, flowering first season. Is. per packet, post-free. THOS. BUTCHER. Seed Merchant. Croydon. Stnw ItGrriesi WM. CUTBUSH and bON are now layering in small pots, for Forcing, all the best varieties, from young thriving plants, LIST, including several Novelties, post fiee upon application. Early orders t-pecially requested to secure good early plants. Highgate Nurseries, London, N.. and Birnet Nurseries, Herts. To the Trade. TMPORTANT NOTICE.— When you are in X London, it will be well worth your time to pay a vi-it tj Albert Nurseries, Pechham Rye, S.E, ; or F eet, Uauti, You can make your notes, and have a business look round, combined with an outing ; you will hot be worHe 1 to order. E. D. SHUTTLEWORTH and CO., Ltd. Awarded Silver-gilt Flora Medal by the Royal Horticultural Society; also Gold, Silver-gilt, Silver, and Bronze Medals, Prizes, and Certificates at other First-class Shows. Our specialty — really good stuff grown for the Trade. NICOTINE SOAP.— Effectually eradicates all Insect Pests, without injury to foliage. Price, Is. 6rf.. 3s., and 5s. id.; 14 lb.. 15s Sd ; 28 lb.. 25s. To he obtained through all Seedsmen and Florists.— CO RRY & CO.. Ltd.. 13. 15, and 16. Finsbury Street, London, EC. HORTICULTURAL SHADINGS, NETTINGS. TIFFANY, WADDINGS, COTTON WOOL for Packing Flowers, CANVAS, TWINES, &c, manufactured and supplied wholesale by JOSEPH COOKSON, 21, New Cannon Street, Manchester. " TT'ILLMRIGHT," J-V. For Destruction of all Insect PeBte and Mildew. THE STOTT DISTRIBUTOR CO. (Lmtd.), Barton House, Manchester. LAWN MOWERS.— The New Patent " EXCELSIOR " has the largest sale in the world, and is pronounced by all Gardeners to be the very be«t for saving labour. The Patent " NEW MODEL " is guaranteed to be the lightest working Mower ever made. Can be had of all Ironmongers and Seedsmen. Price Lists post-free from the Manufacturers, CHADBORN AND COLDWELL MANUFAC- TURING CO., 223, Upper Thames Street. London. E.C. The Largest Makers of Lawn Mowers in the World. J WEEKS & CO., Horticultural Builders • to Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, H.M. Government, Admiralty Dept.,War Dept., Royal Hort. Soc, Royal Botanic Soc., Parks and Public Buildings. Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. THOMSON'S MANURE.— The sale of this Manure is steadily increasing, and it can be had aa formerly of all the leading Nursery and Seedsmen in the United Kingdom. London Agent, Mr. JAS. GEORGE. 14. Redgrave Road, Putney. Agent for Channel Islands, Mr. J. H. PARSONS, Guernsey. S.ile Miners. WILLIAM THOMSON and SONS, Limited, Tweed Vineyard, Clovenfords. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 1, 1893. SALES by AUCTION. FRIDAY NEXT, JULY 7. GREAT ORCHID SALE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central 3ale Kooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, July 7. at half-past 12 o'clock, the largest and most valuable lot of IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS ever offered in one day's Sale. DENDROBIUM PHAL.ENOPSIS SCHRODERIANUM, THE KING OF THE DENDROBES. The Remaining Portion of our recent Splendid Importation. This is, without doubt, the very best time to import this gorgeous Dendrobe. The Plants offered are in grand order, aud will produce masses of blooms of every shade of pink, purple, crimson, rose, and whit« ; as many as 20 to 30 flowers on a single inflorescence. Each flower is as big as a Phalcenopsis amabilis. The New and Sensational EULOPHIELLA. ELISABETHS. In superb order. Plants breaking freely. We hold the entire stock, and guarantee every plant. Mr. R. A. RoLFE, of the Royal Gardens, Kew, the author and founder of this new genus, has examined our plants, and certified them true. Among the other new and splendid introductions offered, are : — The truly marvellous — f5£ HABENARIA GIGANTEA VAR. SUMATRANA (Sl*N. H. SUSANNA VAR. SUMATRAXA). A New and Handsome ONCIDIUM from VENEZUELA (Provisionally named Saxderianum), Bearing hundreds of rosy-red flowers, Pescatorei-shaped, in veritable bouquets. A distinct- looking and probably New CATTLEYA from beyond BOLIVAR, section of C. Mossise. The new and striking CYPRIPEDIUM NICHOLSONIANUM, from the Island of Palawan ; spike many-flowered ; sec- tion of Rothschildiaoum and Sanderianum . An ODONTOGLOSSUM sent home as WATTIANUM, but may be new ; a PHAIUS from Madagascar, with La?lia- like blooms; a BULBOPHYLLUM from Madagascar, dis- covered by M. Hamelin; also NEW ANGRjEJUMS, and other Madagascau ORCHIDS. Also a splendid Plant of the exquisite lemon-yellow and white CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE SANDER. V. , For beauty unapproached and unapproachable. CATTLEYA MENDELII BLUNTII, The finest white Meudelii in existence. CATTLEYA LABIATA ALBA. CATTLEYA SPECIOSISSIMA ALBA. CATTLEYA ACLANDIjK ALBA, &c. Every plant is guaranteed true to name and description. By order. F. SANDER and CO., St. Albans. On view morning of Sale, and catalogues had. Tuesday Next. FIFTY ESTABLISHED ONLY. RARE AND FIRST-CLASS ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 aud 68. Cheapside, London, E.C , on TUESDAY, July 4. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the above 50 rare and firstclass ORCHHIDS. Amongst them will be found :— TRICHOPILIA SUAVIS ALBA, with 7 bulbs, 4 leaves, 2 leads. DENDROBIUM SCHRODERIANUM (IlENSIFLORUM ALBUM). MASDEVALLIA SCHRODER/K, F.C.C.R.H.S. with 9 leaves. CYPRIPEDIUM ARGUS MOENSEI. CATTLEYA INTERMEDIA ALBA, very fine, healthy plant. CATTLEYA WALLISI, the white form of the El-Dsrado Cattleya. VANDA (RENANTHERA) STOREI, a fine specimen. SOBRALIA BEYERIANA (New), only two plants of this ore in culture ; the nearest ally is S. Luca^iana. ANGR/ECUM DITBUYSSONI. fine plant, with two growlhs. VANDA TRICOLOR CINNAMOMEA, with 8 pairs of leaves. PLEUROTHALL1S ROEZLII, the fintst of the genus. MASDEVALLIA DAYANA, the Window-bearing Orchid; fine plants, with 12 leaves. L^ELIA ANCEPS STELLA. „ DAWSONI. „ SANDERIANA. „ „ PROTHEROEANA, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday, July 11. An Importation o( S00J ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/E, of the finest Carderian type. Every plant in good health, just commencing their growths, a number already rooting freely. They will be sold in boxes to prevent injury to the growths and roots. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.C, on TUESDAY, July 11, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next, July 4. By order of Messrs. Walter Kemsley & Co. 5 00 PHALiENOPSIS GRANDIFLORA. For Unreserved Sale, MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their SALE on TUESDAY NEXT, Jul! 4. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. IMPORTED ORCHIDS. In splendid condition. ♦CYMBIDIUM DEVONIANUM. CYMBI1IIUM EBURNEUM. CYMBIDIUM MASTERSI. VANDA C0ERULEA. NEW fHAlUS. VANDA CATHCARTII. VANDA SPECIES. PLEIONE, NEW. tDEisDROBIUM NOBILE. * This has not been imported since its first discovery by Mr. Gibson in 1837. t From a district where the thermometer falls to 28°. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. on TUESDAY NEXT, July 4, at half-past 12 o'clock, the above-named grand IMPOR- TATIONS of various Species, collected and brought home by the personal care of Mr. Massmans. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. A Consignment just to hand consisting of 100 SACCOLABIUM GUTTATUM. 100 DENDROBIUM WARDEANUM. 101 „ NOBILE. 100 VANDA ROXBURGHII. In fine condition. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Rooms, on TUESDAY NEXT, July 4, at half-past 12 o'Clock. On view morning cf Sale, and Catalcgues had. Friday Next. CATTLEYA HARDYANA VAR. LAVERSIANA, with three flowers, named by Mr. O'Brien, aud described in Gardeners' Chronicle. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include this magnificent Plant in their ORCHID SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, July 7. On view morning of Sale. Friday, July 14. Important Consignment of PALM SEEDS. 32,000 KENTIA BELMOREANA. 141,500 „ FOSTERIANA. 8 000 ., CANTERBURYANA. S73O00 ARAUCARIA EXCELSA. 270 Clumps of TODEA MOOREANA. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at th< ir Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY', July 14, at half-past 12 o'Clock, Thursday, July 13. Two cases of CYPRIPEDIUM SPECIES, ORCHIDS IN FLOWER, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY", July 13, at half-past 12 o'clock pree sely, 2 cases of CYPRIPEDIUM SPECIES, in splendid condition, received direct. Without ;Re>erve. ORCHIDS IN FLOWER AND BUD, including several fine varieties and specimens. A1;0 a Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, in tine health, &c. 20,000 fre-h SEEDS of KENTIA BELMOREANA, 20,000 FRESIAS, 2000 Pearl and African TUBEROSES, &c, &.C. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. BY ORDER OF THE LIQUIDATOR. GREAT SALE OF THE ENTIRE STOCK OF ORCHIDS, TEA ROSES, FERNS, PALMS, And General Stock of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, GRAPE VINES, &c, THE PROPERTY OF THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan, Limited). The Company are now selling their entire Stock as above, at extremely low prices, and in addition to the low prices quoted in the Cata- logues, very large discounts are allowed. Inspection is earnestly invited. The Company are also offering, for the first time, their splendid NEW GRAPE VINE, HAMBRO-COLMAR. Descriptive and Priced CATALOGUE of the entire Stock will be sent, post-free, on applica- tion to the Company. THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. TO BE SOLD, capital NURSERY, FLORIST JL and SEED BUSINESS. Only small capital required. Long Lease, low rent, good connection. No agents. Apply to R. F., 41, Wellington Street, W.C. TO BE SOl.D AT ONCE, Old-established NUR^ERY BUSINESS, all home trade. Ten well-heated Houses, 400 feet Pits, part heated. Long Lease on Ground, £250. P., 6, Wabtdale Road, Forest Hill, S.E. FLORIST'S BUSINESS, old-established, in full working-order, situated in main thoroughfare, with good connection, six-roomed House, Stable. &c. ; seven Green- houses, all heated, well stocked with useful and valuable stuff. A Bargain, if sold at once. Rent moderate, or Freehold would be Sold.— WILSON, 148, Markhouse Road, Walthamstow. NURSERY for SALE, or to be LET, near Blackheath. S.E., in working order. Land, 442 feet by 150 feet (more or less), at low ground rent. Contains seven Glass Houses, about 100 feet to 123 feet long, heated by three Boilers ; three Cold Frames, about 100 feet long ; Planting Ground, &c. Stock at valuation, if desired. — Apply to THOMAS PEACOCK, Warwick Square, London, E.C. TO BE SOLD, a MARKET NURSERY; 420 feet run of Glasshouses, and about 70 feet of heated frames on two acres of laud clo^e to station, convenient for London or the North. S. W. DANBY, Leagrave, near Luton, Beds. T70R SALE— A good FLOWER, VEGE- -T TABLE, and FARM SEED BUSINESS, West of Eng- land.— Apply, B., care of Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Hounsditch, London, E.C. TO NURSERYMEN.— LEASE and GOOD- WILL of a capital Nursery Ground for SALE, a bargain, covering an area of two acres, adjoining Staliou in a hiirh-class neighbourhood. North of London. Owner retiring in conse- quence of ill health. Sir Greenhouses on ground. Lease 21 years. Rent, £75, Apply to Messrs. HARMAN BROS., Auctioneers, 75, Alder- manbury, Guildhall, E.C. City or Peterborough. To NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS, SEEDSMEN, and OTHERS. TO BE LET, with Immediate or Michaelmas Possession, the well-known, old-established Peterborough BUSINESS, comprising a NURSERY FARM of 25 acres, of which 13 acres are under cultivation, not heavily stocked ; the remainder in Pasture Land, with good House and Premises, Greenhouse, Pits, &.C. adjoining the Town. Also, a superior SEED SHOP and STORE, in a firstclass central position; and a FLOWER -STAND on the Great Northern Railway Station. The whole Business has for many years been carried on by Mr. John House, who is retiring on account of declining health, aud leaving a fine opportunity for an enterprisiug tradesman. Apply. FOX AND VERGETTE. Estate Agent", Peterborough. LARGE GARDEN, South of England, 16 acres, two Cottages, twenty large Green and Vine Houses, and Heated. Low rent.— ELDRIDUE, Portland Club, Southsea. TO LET.— A first-class FLORIST'S BUSI- JL NESS, in a fashionable Watering-place. Immediate possession. Stock and Fixtures about £.00. Bona-fide. Ex- ceptional opportunity. FLORIST, 2, Weston View, Parkend Road, Gloucester. C GREENHOUSE for SALE, at Great Yar- H mouth, nearly new, span-roofed, 51 ft. 3 in. by 15 ft. 2 in , with two glazed partitions, heated with Hot-water Pipej (334 feet); also fitted with six 6-gallon Galvanised Water Tanks, and Plant Stands, easily removed. Apply to— SAMUEL ALDRED, Auctioneer, &c, Great Yarmouth. Fifty Nurseries. Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti- culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. E WING'S MILDEW COMPOSITION.— The _ original, certain, and safe remedy. In bottles, Is. 6ULBS — BULBS. — Bargains in Bulbs. — > Special Cheap Offer for really good large Flowering Bulbs : — Pancratiums, all best sorts, grand bulbs, ready to burst into flower— P. fragrans, P. cariba:um, P. amoenum, P. zeylanicum grandiflora, some bulbs 12-inches round, 18s. to 40s. per 100; 2s. 6(i. to 6s. per dozen. Glorio'a superba, just imported, 25s. per 100, 4s. per dozen. Crinum Kirkii, very large plump bulbs. 50s. per 100, 8s. per dozen ; C. zeylamcum, and C. asiaticum, large white flower. 5s. to 8s. per dozen : extra large, 20-inch bulbs, 2s. 6d. and 3s. id. each. Ammocharis falcata, splendid bulbs, make fine Pot Plants, 3s. each. Znmias, for Table Plants, Vs. each, Amorphophallus campanulatus, or Stanley's Wash-Tub. flowers 2J feet a. ross, 6s. per dozen. Is. each. Babianas, in ten sorts, 12s. per 100. Ixias, in sorts, 10s. per 100. Freesia ref. alba, true. 18s. to 26s. per 1000. Above is Cheapest Offer ever made for first-class Bults. Terms, Cash with Order. All Bulbs warranted sound and freshly imported, or money returned. J. JaMKS, Importer, New Maiden, Surrey. July 1, 1893.] THE GARDENERS* CHRONICLE. TWOPENCE— Including Coloured Plate. Post-free, 2id. ROSE NUMBER, July i. Gardeners' Magazine. Contents :— Hedges of Japanese Roses, by G. F. Wilson. F.R.S. — Tea Roses: Past and Present, by Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain — Hybrid Perpetuate for Exhibition, by E. B. Lindsell — Polyantha Ro*es. by George Paul— Roses for Amateurs, by Charlfs J. Graham— Garden Roses, by Rev. J. H. Pemberton— Single Roses, by W. J. Grant— Roses in Ireland, by Alex. Dickson, Jun. —Preparing and Staging Blooms, by W. Hark n ess— Roses Under Glass in America, by Michael Barker— Mr. A. Hill Gray's Garden, by George Gordon. COLOURED PLATE OF A NEW TEA ROSE OFFICES : (EDITH BROWNLOW). 4, AVE MARIA LANE, LONDON, E.C. THE DROUGHT. GARDEN ENGINES, SYRINGES, AND WATER FITTINGS FROM HAYWARD TYLER & CO., EXHIBITIONS. 90-92, WHITECROSS STREET, LONDON, E.C. TELEGRAMS, " TYLECROX LONDON: MERRYWEATHERS' HIGH-CLASS GARDEN HOSE. Horticultural Exhibition, 1892. GOLD MEDAL AWARDED TO MERRYWEATHERS FOR Sphincter Grip Hose. Other Makers awarded Bronze Medal only. In NON-KINKABLE Red-Grey Hose. many cases preferable to Sphincter Grip Hose. Important Reduction In Prices, Quality maintained. SPHINCTER GRIP Armoured Hose. Made by Merry weathers, the original Introducers ami first makers of this Hose in England. ORDERS EXECUTED SAME DAY AS RECEIVED. WRITE FOR PRICE LISTS FROM THE OLD ESTABLISHED FIRM. MERRYWEATHER and SONS continue to guarantee all their High-class Garden Hoses to pass, the severe British Government Tests. The ends of the Rubber Hoses are sealed, thus preventing the water percolating between the canvas plies, and destroying same. IMPORTANT DECISIONS Re SPHINCTER GRIP HOSE, IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. Judgment in favour of Merryweathers, with costs in all actions. FIRE and GARDEN ENGINES, FOUNTAINS, SYRINGES, &c. WRITE FOR GARDEN CATALOGUE. ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, GARDENS Regent's Park, N.W. EVENING FETE and EXHIBITION of TABLE DECORA- TIONS and FLOWER PAINTINGS. WEDNESDAY NEXT. July 5. Gates open 8 P.M. to 12. The fo lowing Bands will play from 8 to 12:— The 2nd Life Guards, the Royal Hone Guards (by kind permission of their Commanding Officers), and the Ladies Pompadour Band. Tickets to be obtained at the Gardens only by Vouchers from Fellows of the Society, price 10s. each, or on the Day or Evening of the Fete, 15s. each. ^ Foreign and Country Visitors to London wishing to obtain Vouchers should apply to the Secretary. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE SUMMER FLOWER SHOW, a-nered to the Great Northumber- land Agricultural Show, JULY 20. 21, and 22, 1893. Entries close July 13. For Scheiules apply to J. I. GILLESPIE, Jun , Secretary. Cross House Chambers. WOLVERHAMPTON GREAT FLORAL FETE July 11, 12, & 13, 1893. In the Public Park. OPEN CLASSES for PLANTS, ROSES, FRUITS, &c. GOLD, SILVER, and BRONZE MEDALS for PANSIES and VIOLAS. OPEV AMATEUR CLASSES for ROSEj. GENTLEMEN'S GARDENERS' CLASSES for the Counties of Stafford, Warwick, Worcester, and Salop. MERRYWEATHERS, 63, LONG AGRE, LONDON, w.c. Open Air Space to Let for Horticultural Sundries. SCHEDULES, ENTRY FORMS, &c , apply— W, A. GREEN, Junr., Hort. Sec. Under the Protectorate of His Majesty King Albert of Saxony, INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION At LEIPZIG. From August 25 to September 5, 1893. All Nurserymen are Invited to Compete. For details, apply to — OTTO MOHRMANN, Leipzig - Lindenau. |70R ORCHIDS and GARDENERS L toGrowThem.applytoSANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World. — 30 minutes from St. Paneraa. FOWLER'S MEALY BUG DESTROYER effectually and instantly destroys thin most troublesome pest without stain or injury to the foliage. In bottles, 1*., 2s. 6rf., 5s., and 105. each. Sold by all Seedsmen.— CORRY and CO., Limited, 13. 15, and 16. Finsb'iry St., London. EC, BULBS. — Our special offer of Daffodils, and other Bulbs for early planting, is now ready. Lilium cindidum, 10s. and 12s. per 100 ; Lilium Harrisii, 5s. to 10s. 6rf. per dozen ; Roman Hyacinths, 12s. tod. and }Bs. per 100, very scarce; Narcissus (paper-white), 5s. per 100; Narcissus Double Roman, 5s. per 1U0; Gladiolus Colvilli (The Bride), lovely for cutting, 2s. 6d per 100 ; Iris hispanica (the poor man's Orchid), finest mixed, Is. &d. per 100. Every article the best procurable. .1. K. PEARSON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts. SPECIMEN CAMELLIAS, &c. FOR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL, And for which no offer will be refused, 24 Named Plants, best varieties. Also a few large PALMS. Sizes and sorts on application to R B. LAIRD & SONS, EDINBURGH. STUART & MEIN'S No. 1 Cabbage. The earliest and finest type of Spring Cabbage in cultivation, coming into use in April and May. The hearts are large and solid, and of the finest flavour. Our Seed of this famous Cabbage being the true stock, and as many inferior varieties are substituted for it, we strongly advise all to send to us direct for their supply. As a further inducement we offer £8 in Cash Prizes for the Three Best Cabbages Grown from Seed procured direct from us. Full particulars will be supplied with each packet of Seed sent out. Is. per packet, post-free, Is. 6d. per oz. STUART & MEIN, KELSO, SCOTLAND. Established upwards of Half a Century. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jols 1, 1893. r(\ AAA CELERY, Clayworth Pride Pink, '}\J*l\J\JVJ all transplanted, and extra strong, ts p. 1000. 11*0.000 Cauliflowers. Early Cabbage, Spring Broccoli. Aspa- ragus, Kail, Curled Greens, (is per 1000. Ox and Thousand- bead Cabbage, all strong and stout plants, 4s. per 1000. (Name paper.) Cash with order. G. YORKE, Seedsman, Retford. SPECIMENS of CAMELLIAS (First Prizes by Acclamation and unanimity in all the classes at the Ghent Quinquennial). Description and Prices sent on application. LOUIS EECKHAUTE, Nurseryman, St. Denis- Westrem, n»»ar Ghent, Belgium. VIOLA SEED.— Seedlings make a magnifi- cent display, and now is the time to sow for blooming i-ext. spring and summer. NEW SEED, guaranteed from the finest named varieties Id.. 1*.. and 2s. 6d. per packet, post-free. With each packet will b" sent gratis a copy of our little book on Violas and Vi'tia Cu ture. AH other seeds for present sowing can also be -np'ili *o> s -to e s Ho Ho g CD kj o o a. Over 10.000 Customers, Hundreds oj umolicited Testimonials. 10 Recent and Highest Awards at Principal Exhibitions. CAUTION.— No Metlal or Exhibition Award has ever been secured by any Firm except mis Company for Sphincter Grip Hose, exclusively and distinctively. Beware of Worthless Imitations and Foreign Importations, of which there are many, and of the goods supplied by any firm or firms making misleading statements. All this Company's Hose made from best Para Rubber, and English materials and labour only, to pass English Government Tests ; this last feature In itself a guarantee of quality. THE BEST, AND THEREFORE THE CHEAPEST. Orders Executed same day aa received. LARGER STOCK KEPT, and SALES GREATER than by any other Firm in the United Kingdom. Write for full Descriptive Price List of above, and of GARDEN PUMPS, HOSE, REELS, and FITTINGS. Post-free. SPHINCTER HOSE & ENGINEERING CO., LTD. 9, MO0BFIELDS, LONDON, E.C. (SOLE MANUFACTURERS.) July 1, 1893.] THE GAI? DENE I?S' CIIBONICLE BOULTON & PAUL, manufacturers, NORWICH. No. 304.-STABLE and SHED. For CricheL-Fielde, Hunting Districts, Paddock, &c. to* PORTABLE WOOD & IRON BUILDINGS. For leasehold Property. Cool in Summer; Warm in Winter. Can be inhabited the moment they are finit-hed ; DO possibility of damp. No. 330. Portable PAVILION. For Cricket. Tennis. Boating. and Shooting Clubs. REGISTERED COPYRIGHT. No. 333. - GARDEN HOUSE, Tool-hou e, Watchman's Hut, &c. REGISTERED COPYRIGHT. No. 336. PORTABLE GALVANISED IRON HOUSE. For CnVket Grounds, Potting Hju-p, Workshop, Outhouse, Ac. SHOOTING and FISHING BOXES. GENTLEMEN'S RESIDENCES, COTTAGES. STABLES. COACHHOUSES. 4c, GAME LARDERS, SHEPHERD'S HUTS, and PORTABLE IRON BUILDINGS REGISTERED COPYRIGHT. of every description. REOTBTBBED COPYRIGHT. THE ORIGINAL MAKERS of KENNEL and POULTRY APPLIANCES. Send for ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, free on application. *SS! BOULTON and PAUL, Manufacturers, NORWICH. HORTICDLTDML BDILDER. Every description of GREENHOUSES, LIGHTS, &o. PIT LIGHTS. I CUCUMBER HOUSES. Best quality and workmanship, 2 inches thick, 6 ft. by 4 ft., iron bar across, and very strong. 4s. rirf. each, 50s. doz.. £10 for 50 lights, free on rail in London. Cash or reference with order. Timber sufficient to build 100 feet by 12 feet house, Roof Ventilators, Door, &c. Put on rail in London. Price, £9 10s. Send for detailed specification, to W. DUNCAN TUCKER, HORTICULTURAL WORKS, TOTTENHAM. Send for Illustrated Catalogue* just issued. SANKEYSYdniousGARDENPOTS W BulwelkPotteries, NottingfemV * Messrs. Dlcksons, Limited, Chester, write:— "The Flower Pots you have so largely supplied us with are light, strong and well made, and in every respect highly satisfactory." Messrs. Richard Smith & CO., WoiceBter, write:— "We beg to say that we are highly satisfied with your * Garden Pots ; ' they are well made, light, yet strung, and we like them better than any other we have ever used," Mr. William Bull, 636. KlTg's Road, Chelsea, London, writes;— "For nearly thirty years I have been using your ' Garden Pots," and still tind ibem the beat and cheapest." Largest Manufacturers in the World, ICo Waiting. Millions in Stock. Carriage ai>d Breakage Free on £10 Orders. Half Carriage on £5 Orders, Samples Free. w. h. LASCELLES & co, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON. E.G. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free. POTTER'S WIRE-ARMOURED HOSE. Prices of (JO-feet lengths (ntted with brass Nuzzle, Branch Pipe, Rose, and Jet), PLUS. Unkinkabl« smooth iurfse« Po e, will not crack, in road* of j ure rubher and canvas. Qu&. d. i in. npecially cheap ... 19 3 ,, be*t quality ... ^l .S ,, extra stout quality 27 6 ,, best quality ... 28 0 ,, extra stout quality ,*W n . ,, best quality ... 33 0 \ ,, extra stout quality 40 1" Carriage paid, snd diepatched same day as ordered. A warde i 10 Gold and Silver Medals. Oldest and most reliable hoii** m the trade. Also maker of Hote for Delivery, Steam, Fire. Suction, Liquid Manures, &c. Over 3.O00.OU0 feet in u-e. Catalogues of above and all kinds of Beltiug, Roofi g Felt*, &c, post-free from— A. POTTER, Melbourne Wo— , Wolverhampton ; and London Works, Reading. Maker to Hi r Majesty the Queen, and H.R.H The Prince of Wales. ARMOURFT). Thp Ficelsior Wire-armoured Hose secures a TEKFRCT grip, will not uncoil when cut at sny part, f> tan Hit enormous pressure, an i wears for jeirs Diam. PRICES. s t*. •in. best quality ... 36 3 ,, extra stout quality 43 7 „ best qualitv 45 0 ,, extra stout quality ft2 0 „ best quality 52 0 extra stout quality 60 7 HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING !!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, Ac. Have the largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. BOILERS of the latest and most approved class, including the Patent HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY-END, &c. ; VENTILATING GEAR AND VALVES. AWARDED THE ONLY GOLD MEDAL & INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION, 1892, *, HOT-WATER APPLIANCES ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. PRICE LIST FREE. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIAR8, Telegraphic Ac'dress-" HOT-WATER. London." Telephone No. 4763. LONDON, S.E THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 1, 1893. J. WEEKS and CO., F.R.H.S., CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. CONSERVATORIES DESIGNED and BUILT SUIT ADJACENT BUILDINGS. ORCHID HOUSES WITH ALL LATEST IMPROVEMENTS. to PLANT AND FRUIT HOUSES PURPOSES. FOR ALL All Materials and Workmanship of the Best Quality. ALL KINDS of BOILERS, our Improved and other Valves, Hot-water Pipes, Castings, Connec- tions, and Fittings, at Lowest Retail Prices. The Patent "DUPLEX" Upright Tubular Boilers of all Sizes, conditionally Guaranteed for Ten Years. J. WEEKS & CO., F.RM, Horticultural Builders and Hot- Water Apparatus Manufacturers, CHELSEA. LONDON, S.W. EARL'S COURT EXHIBITION. Exhibition of GARDENING l FORESTRY THE GARDEN of LONDON. GREAT SHOW OF ROSES AND FRUIT, JULY 12. Classes (Open and Amateur) for Tea and Noi- settes, H.P. If oses, Bunches of Hoses, Table of Hoses arranged for effect, &c. Stove and Green- house Cut Flowers, Grapes, Melons, Peaches, Strawberries, Cherries, &o. Meritorious Exhibits Dot named in the Schedule will be recognised. Prizes, Medals, and Certificates awarded for every Show. AH applications for entries, schedules, regulations, and fur- ther information should b* addressed to Mr. H. E. Milner, the Chairman, at the Offices of the Exhibition, Earl's Court, S.W. EUOHARISLOWII (baker, h.sp.) HUGH LOW & CO. Beg to offer the above lovely Novelty, which received an Award of Merit at the Eoyal Horti- cultural Society's Meeting, April 11 last. Full description and illustration appeared in Gardeners' Chronicle of May 6. Price, 10s. 6d. each. CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N.E. Important to Mushroom Growers. CUTHBERT'S SPECIALITE MUSHROOM SPAWN. Always alike ; most productive. Hundreds of testimonials. Per bushel, 5s. B. and G. CUTHBERT, Seed. Bulb, and Plant Merchants, Southgate, N. Established 1797. sow now for mm FLOWERING. MYOSOTIS DISSITIFLORA l^„.™t„^w„t. MYOSOTIS DISSITIFLORA ALBA }-*°rKet-me-NOts. SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA. SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA ALBA. WALLFLOWER, Dicksons' Golden Beauty. WALLFLOWER, Dicksons' Selected Dark Blood Red. WALLFLOWER, Dicksons' Superb Mixed Single. WALLFLOWER, Choice Double German. STOCKS, Brompton and East Lothian. PAPAVER NUDICAULE ) PAPAVER ALBUM > The Favourite Iceland Poppies. PAPAVER MINIATUM \ PRIMROSE. Choice Hybrids. POLYANTHUS, Choice Mixed and Gold-laced. PANSIES, Choice Show and Fancy Strains. Per packet, 6d., Is., & Is. 6rf., post-free, or in larger quantities. By making sowings of above now, beautiful displays may be obtained next spring. For all other Flower and Vegetable Seeds see CATALOGUE, sent post-free, on application. DiCKSONSsSzsCHESTER ADMISSION to the Exhibition Building, Flower Show, and the Central and Western Gardens, Is. OPEN DAILY, from 11 a.m. to 11 p.m. Season Tickets £1 Is., To be obtained from the usual Agents and the Secretary. UTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Everyone can readily grow Mush- room?, and by using this Spawn will ensure success. All growers speak in high praise of the quality. Numerous Testimonials. None genuine unless in sealed packages, and printed cul- tural directions enclosed with our signature attached. Price. 6*. per bushel, Is. extra for package; or. Is. per cake, free per Parcel Post. SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, c STRAWBERRIES, JAMES VEITCH & SONS Beg to intimate that they will shortly he in a position to supply all the leading kinds of the above, either in pots, or prepared runners. SPECIAL LIST, just published, can be bad on application. J. V. & Sons especially direct attention to the following fine varieties sent out by them in 1892 : — EMPRESS OF INDIA) G-TJNTON PARK / Al1 °f which have weired First-class Certificates LORD SUFFIELD ..J from the Royal Horticultural Society. WM. CUTBUSH Hxhgate Nimeries, London, N., and Barnet, Herts. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. July 1, 1893.] THE GARDENER 8' CHRONICLE. GREAT ORCHID SALE. FRIDAY, JCJLY 7, 1893, at MESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS' ROOMS, 67 and 68, CHEAPSIDE, E.G. The Largest and Most Valuable Lot of Imported and Established Orchids ever offered by Auction in One Day's Sale. DENDROBIUM PHAUENOPSIS SCHRODERIANUM (THE KING OF THE DENDBOBES). The remaining portion of our recent splendid lot of imported plants. This is unquestionably the very best time to import this gorgeous Dendrobe. Plants are in simply grand order, with plump dormant eyes, and will produce masses of blossoms of all shades of pink, crimson, purple, rose, and white, in long arching racemes, with upwards of twenty flowers on a single spray. The flowers are as large as Phalsenopsis amabilis, lasting two months in perfection. For sprays, bouquets, table and all other decorations, this Dendrobe is unrivalled. THE NEW AND SENSATIONAL EULOPHIELLA ELISABETHS. Plants in superb order, growing freely. We acquired the entire stock, and guarantee every plant true to name. Mr. E. A. Kolfe, of the Eoyal Gardens, Kew, the author and creator of this new genus, has examined our plants and certified them true. The Gardeners' Chronicle says : — " It was decidedly one of the most remarkable Orchids, if not the most remarkable plant, in the last Ghent International Exhibition. Mb. W. Watson says: — This is a plant of extraordinary interest and beauty, with white flowers, a yellow lip, and rich crimson-purple soapes. The Gardening World says :— It took the Orchid fancy immensely. Orohid-growers went into raptures over this lovely novelty.'' The Gardeners' Chronicle says : — The flowers are as large as those of Odontoglossnm oitrosmum, white, with the outer surface purplish-red, callus of the lip orange-yellow. We earnestly recommend to purchasers this very free-growing and truly magnificent new Orchid. *#* To avoid useless correspondence, M. Hamelin desires us to state that every plant saved of his entire importations are in our hands, and no plants oan be acquired elsewhere, or from any other source whatever, and this zve can fully guarantee. Many New and Splendid Introductions will be included, AMONGt OTHEBS — ■ The truly marvellous fringed HA.BEXARIA GIGANTEA VAR. SUMATRANA (syn. H. Susannre var. Sumatrana). A new and gorgeous ONCIDIUM from Venezuela (provisionally named O. Sanderianum'), bearing hundreds of rosy-red flowers in bouquets. A distinct-looking and probably NEW |OATTLEYA from Bolivar, in the section of Mossi;e. Our Collector, who came home with the plants, declares this Cattleya to be new. The new and splendid CYPRIPEDIUM NICHOLSONIANUM from the Island of Palawan. Spikes many-flowered. Section of Ilothschildianum and Sanderianum. A grand new introduction. A fine lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM WATTIANUM (?), or a new one with large inflorescences. A new PHAJUS from Madagascar, with large Lselia-like flowers. A new VANDA from New Guinea, with red and mauve flowers. The new BULBOPHYLLUM HAMELINII, new ANGR^ECUMS, GRAMMATOPHYLLUMS, &c, &c. Together with— CATTLEYA MENDELII BLUNTII, the finest white Mendelii in existence. C. SPECIOSISSIMA ALBA, magnificent var. C. LABIATA ALBA, true white labiata. C. ACLANDLE ALBA, unique and fine. And a Splendid plant of the Unapproached and Unapproachable CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE SANDER*. Every Plant offered is guaranteed true to name and description. THE (Sardtnm' optnmkfe . SATURDAY, JULY 1, 1893. F. SANDER & CO., ST. ALBANS. PIERRE POIVRE (1719—1786). rPITIS naturalist was born in August, 1710, A at Lyons, where his father was engaged in business and commerce. Like many of his famous contemporaries, he owed his training to a religious community, having been educated by the missionaries of Saint Joseph, the Superior of whom was a friend of his family. The Jesuits, hearing of the great aptitude of young Poivre, attempted by means of the Archbishop, M. de Rochebonne, to persuade him to join their college ; but the missionaries prevented this, and he was sent to finish his education at Paris, in the Congregation of Foreign Missions, where he also distinguished himself. Although going through the course of in- struction prescribed for Catechumens, he did not devote his whole time to philosophy and theo- logy, but successfully applied himself to drawing and painting as a relaxation, and also as a means of information in the foreign countries which he meant to visit. He was first despatched as a missionary to China, and soon after his arrival having been denounced as a dangerous foreigner, was imprisoned by the authorities at Canton. The viceroy of the province of Quantung, how- ever, was soon convinced of his inuocence, and afforded him his protection, and under his powerful influence, Poivre was enabled to pro- cure all the facilities for seeing the interior of the country, which were not easily procurable by foreigners. After two years' residence in South China, Poivre accompanied the French missionaries to Cochin China, where he spent two more years, returning again to Canton, where he remained in great favour with the Chinese viceroy for some years. Unfortunately, no exact dates of these occurrences are given by M. Dupont de Nemours, his biographer ; nor, indeed, are any of these dates to be found in the notice of Poivre's career given in the latest edition of the Biographie Universelle. In 1745, M. Poivre returned to France, in order to visit his family, and also to take holy orders. He embarked at Macao on board the Dauphin, which was attacked in the Straits of Banca by an English frigate of superior strength, one of a squadron under Admiral Barnet, whose flag was on the Deptford. M. Poivre fought among his countrymen, and was zealous in attending to the wounded on deck until he was struck on the wrist by a round shot, which shat- tered his arm. His first words, as soon as he could speak, were, " Je ne pourrai plus peindre " ("I shall not be able to paint any more ! '). Shortly after he fell, the ship was taken, and poor Poivre was placed in the hold, where he remained twentj-four hours without his wound being attended to. Gangrene supervened, and his arm was subsequently removed by an English surgeon. Curiously enough, this grave injury was, in the THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [July 1, 1893. ei.d, a blessing, as it prevented Poivre from eiiterirjg the Church, and enabled him to become a famous administrator, and to enjoy all the happiness of a married life, and the pleasures of a family man. Unfortunately for science, his journal and a large number of valuable drawings which he had made iu China fell into the hands of the English, and were never recovered. Perchance these interesting manu- scripts are still somewhere buried in the archives of the Admiralty, unless, like so many other valuable documents in our public offices, they have been " pulped," and destroyed as waste paper — a fate which has befallen many tons of interesting records in our benighted country. The English captors being short of provisions, landed their prisoners at Batavia, and set them free. Poivre made use of his enforced stay at the capital of the Dutch East Indian establishments to study and gain all the information possible on the culture of the precious spice trees, the plantations of which were at that period exclusively in the hands of the Dutchmen. This gave him the idea, which he after- wards realised, of enriching the tropical colonies of his own country by the introduction of spice culti- vation. Erom Batavia, Poivre proceeded to Mergui in Siam, where he spent the winter, and thence made his way to Pondichery. The vessel in which he made the voyage was ill-found and badly manned, consequently, it had to be constantly taken into various ports en route, and during these enforced intervals, Poivre had the opportunity of making himself accurately acquainted with tbe manners and customs of the Malay people and of the Siamese. Although only twenty-seven years of age, he had already learnt how to judge of the welfare and progress of races by the state of their agriculture. On arrival at Pondichery, Poivre found himself in the midst of the complications arising from the bril- liant expedition of Madras, and the consequent quarrels between Dupleix and De Labourdonnais. He divided the blame equally between these two famous chiefs, otherwise so able and illustrious, and in vain attempted to bring about a recon- ciliation. He accompanied De Labourdonnais to the Isle of France, and afterwards to the Cape and Mar- tinique, where their vessel was detained by the war for want of convoy. Poivre, however, who was anxious to place in the hands of the French Govern- ment some important information which he bad acquired in the East Indies, crossed in a canoe to the island of St. Eustache, where he obtained a passage to Europe in a Dutch vessel. However, misfortune seemed to pursue him, for he was again captured by a cor9air, which was retaken four days afterwards by an English frigate, which landed him at Guernsey, where he remained about a week, when the signing of the peace enabled him to return home. The curious observations and the grand ideas which Poivre brought back from Asia, together with the perfection of his Chinese, Cochin Chinese, and Malayan languages, soon brought him to the notice of the French East India Company (La Com- pagnie des lodes), and he was selected in the vear 1749 to represent France as Minister in Cochin China. The King of Cochin China, surprised to find a young French Minister at his court with whom he could converse in his own language, became very friendly and intimate, so that he was enabled suc- cessfully to combat all the intrigues and manceuvres of the crafty mandarins who formed the court of the despotic sovereign. Poivre returned to the Isle of France laden with rich presents from the Oriental despot, but he religiously handed them all over to the French authorities. During his stay in Cochin China, Poivre had taken immense pains to collect the most useful and economical plants, which he judged could be intro- duced and naturalised in the Isles of France and Bourbon. He brought these, and acclimatised, amongst others, the Pepper (Piper nigrum), a wild kind of which, Piper sylvestre, was known to occur in Madagascar and Mauritius; the Cinnamon (Laurus cinnamonum), the Litchi (Euphoria Litchi), the Jack-fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia), besides several species of dye woods, and trees producing gums, resins, and varnish. The most precious, how- ever, of all the plants which he introduced to the Mascarenes is the dry Rice, which was ex- tensively cultivated by the Cochin Chinese on mountain lands, at a considerable elevation, in a comparatively moderate temperature, and not re- quiring irrigation. Several crops of this species of Rice are obtainable, and it was successful in Mau- ritius as long as M. Poivre remained in the island ; but after his death (according to his biographer) the cultivation of this sort of Rice was neglected, and left to the negroes and slaves, who watered it as the ordinary rice fields, so that this description, which might have become a valuable article of food in the Mascarene Islands, was allowed to die out. The biographer advises the colonists in the Isle of France to send to Cochin China, and reintroduce the Biz sec to the colony. Shortly afterwards, M. Poivre was sent by the company to Manilla on a secret mission. His instructions obliged him to keep the object of his mission secret, even from the Fig. 1.— flowers in ice. employes of the company at Canton, where he pnssed on his way — although, as it subsequently appeared, these same < Hi ials had learnt tbe secret orders through another channel. In consequence of his reticence, these jealous officials put all sorts of malicious obstacles in his way, and it needed all his energy to carry out his task, which he could only accomplish partly owing to the machinations of his enemies. He was obliged to return to Pondichery and the Isle of France, but not before he had established friendly relations with the Spaniards and with the natives of the Philippines, with whom he came in contact ; and he at all events paved the way for a second happier and more successful visit. This journey was undertaken with the main object of acquiring and naturalising in the Mascarene Islands the finer and rarer species of spice trees, which were then almost wholly monopolised by the Dutch in Java and the Moluccas. S. Pasfield Oliver, Captain late Royal Artillery, Anglesey, Gosport, (To be continued.) New or Noteworthy Plants. LILIUM CROCEO-ELEGANS. Mb. Sprenoer, of the firm of Messrs. Dammann & Co. of Naples, has lately been experimenting in the hybridisation of Lilies, and I am indebted to him for fine specimens of one of the crosses he has been tuccessful in obtaining between the European cio- ceum and the Japanese elegans (Thunbergianum). The robust stem reaches a height of above 2 feet; the leaves are shorter and broader than is usual in croceum, the lowest being lanceolate, 2 or 3 inches long, without any bulbillrc in their axils; tbe inflo- rescence is a lax corymb of six or eight flowers, with cottony peduncles and small ovate bracts, and the flower is 3 inches long, inside light or deep scarlet, with copious small black dots, and many raised papilla.' towards the base, with outer segments under an inch, and inner a little over an inch broad at tbe middle. This hybrid is a fine plant for decorative purposes, and is interesting in throwing light upon the origin of L. umbellatum, Link, which is known in cultivation only, and is probably a hybrid between croceum and davuricum. J. G, Baker. FLOWERS IN ICE. At a recent meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, much interest was excited by the exhibition on the part of E. Herbert Fison, Esq., of Ipswich, of several truncated cones of ice in which were em- bedded various flowers. Each block of ice measured about 16 inches in height, and the enclosed flowers were those of common New Zealand plants. We need hardly say how much more acceptable they were than similar consignments containing Chrysanthemums, of which we see enough during the winter season. Among the flowers which showed to most advantage were those of Callistemon, Cordyline australis, Lep- tospermum scoparium, Arthropodium cirratum, Car- podetus serratus, and Statice latifolia ; but there were many others. Our illustration (fig. 1) shows the general appearance of one of the glacial blocks, which enabled us to see flowers frow New Zealand almost as fresh as on the day they were picked. They confirm our oft-expressed opinion that it would be well if our colonial friends turned their attention to their own flora instead of devoting their horticultural energies towards the reproduction of European fancies. They would thereby greatly extend the resources of horticulture, whilst from a scientific point of view, they would render valuable service. THE ROCK GARDEN, BEAR PARK, WENSLEYDALE. The number of visitors to the upper Yorkshire dales has enormously increased since the railway penetrated thence. It was in 1846 that the Great Northern began the railway from Northallerton to Bedale, which in February, 1855, was opened for traffic. Another company commenced to make an extension of the line from Bedale to Leyburn in 1853, and opened it in 1856. After this, for nearly twenty years no further extension was made till 1870, when a line was begun at Leyburn which was to run to Askrigg; this line was opened seven years later, and the next year 4.} miles of line was made to the town of Hawes. The whole of the railway from Northallerton to Hawes now belongs to the North- Eastern Railway, who run five trains each way daily. Passing the town of Bedale, with its picturesque church, then the station for Jervaulx Abbey, Ley- burn, and the pretty little village of Wensley is reached, which gives the name to the Dale which is supposed to commence here. Here tbe wildness and true character of the country begins to show itself; on the north, high above the stream and railway, is a huge but picturesque rampart of rocks, called " Leyburn Shawl." Passing Bolton Castle on our right, and Bolton Hall to our left (below tbe railway), another station — Redmire — is passed, when we notice a wild piece of undulating ground, covered thickly in places with Thorn, Holly, Wild Roses, &c. We have now reached our destination, Aysgarth station, which has become famous from the fact of being close to the falls of that name. The view even from this point is extensive and beautiful : up the valley we can see Wild Boar Fell July 1, 1893.] THE GA RDE NEBS' CHI? 0 NI CL 11. 2323 feet above the sea-level, and Cotter End over 2000 feet, and the intervening ridges and valleys ; while to our right— north— is a long high ridge, the watershed of the Wharfe and the Yore ; to our left— south— are lower ranges of hills, penetrated by minor streams, and here are Bishopdale, Walden- dale and Coverdale ; then, looking south-east, Pen- hill stands boldly out — a fine broad massive fell nearly 2000 feet high. There is a village on either side of the dale— Carperby on the north slope, and Aysgarth on the south, immediately above the river. Mr. J. G. Baker, in his North Yorkshire, writing of this particular spot, says : — "At Aysgarth, in a deeply excavated rocky channel, with a wooded bank rising steeply Irom it upon either side, the river begins to form a series of picturesque rapids, flora of this district is doubtless the variation in the rock formation, there being several forms — limestone, slabstone, shale, and on the summits gritstone. In this charming spot, surrounded and embracing some of the finest of Yorkshire bill and dale scenery, is situated the Bear Park estate. It is divided into three portions, from the fact of the river and rail- way passing through, the latter running almost parallel with the former, but separated from it by a Pine wood and other trees. Bear Park House is an old residence, which dates back about to the thirteenth or fourteenth cen- turies, and was formerly the residence of the Metcalfes, previous to the building of Nappa Hall. On the north side of the house, inserted in the wall, is a large atone, on which is chiselled the sacred if some of the rocks which lie about in his fields and abounding in the vicinity were used, it would make the garden harmonise more with the surrounding country. It may be well here to remark that the lie of the garden is to the south ; the sic \>i of the lawn is very considerable, falling towards the railway, and as the line virtually passes through, it forms quite a pleasant surprise and attractive feature for the passengers as they pass. In addition to the herba- ceous borders round the garden, on this slope a number of rocky beds have been formed and taste- fully planted with permanent subjects, such as dwarf Rhododendrons, Ericas, Sedums, Saxifrages, Arme- rias, Lithofpermum, &c. The large bed, which iy the lower one, and nearest the railway, has mans tons of rock in it, and is richly planted. We Fio. -BOCK SUMMER-HOUSE, BEAR PARK, WENSLEYDALE. which are continued for about a mile ; fed by the waters of the wide branching dales, which one after another have poured their contributions into it, the stream is now a fine river. " Magnified by the long winding scars of the lower mountain limestone and interpolated slate beds, it flows down the pleasant Aysgarth glen, its dark peat- stained waters hemmed in upon both sides by shel- ving reaches of MoBS-fringed grey limestone rocks, and above them there rises a steep bank covered thickly with aboriginal trees and bush-wood, Hazel, White Thorn, Brambles, and Roses of multiform specific types; and on the south are the broad Heathery slopes of Penhill, its peak 1200 feet above the stream. " The main fall, which is over a limestone pre- cipice about 20 feet in depth, is exceedingly fine in the impression of irresistible force which it gives when the river is swollen." One fact which accounts for the rich and varied monogram which, Sir George Gilbert Scott says, is probably the retabulum of a side altar, dedi- cated in honour of the Passion. The inscription is : 'Sit nomen domini ihm benedictnm " (Blessed be the name of the Lord Jesus), supposed to have been brought from Coverham Abbey at the dissolution in the time of Henry VIII. For many years it was used simply as a farm- house, before the present proprietor purchased the estate. Mr. Bradley at once commenced to renovate the building, but was careful to retain as much as possible of its ancient characteristics. After making some good roads, &c, Mr. Bradley gave his attention to the garden. When commencing this, Mr. Joseph Cheal, of Crawley, was consulted, who changed the aspect of the whole place, and laid the foundation for a beautiful though not large garden. After the kitchen garden was formed, the lawns made, and some planting carried out, both in the garden and the park, it occurred to Mr. Bradley that noticed here masses of the brilliant blue Gentian- ella (Gentiana acaulis), Campanula pusilla, C. Hen- dersoni, Backhouse's large white Campanula, which is one of the finest border plants we know, Pinks, Phlox snbulata and its varieties, Azalea mollis, some of the best of the Flag Iris, such as I. pallida, I. dalmatica, and the pure white I. Attrac- tion. In addition to these, a choice collection of Narcissus is cultivated. The Scillas and Chiono- doxas, with their brilliant blue and white flowers, grow well. Another pretty feature in this rocky bed is the large rocks, covered with Cotoneaster rupestris and C. congesta. A few paces away from this bed is an isolated specimen of Young's Weeping Birch, 15 or more feet high, and branched to the ground, its graceful whipcord-like branchlets resting upon the grass. Not far from this is a sunken wall of rough stone, almost concealed by shoots of Cotoneaster microphylla, Ivies, Clematis, and Hcneysuckle. Alpine 10 THE GARDENERS7 CHROA'ICLE. [July 1, 1893. plants, which like limestone, are abundantly planted, and some of the rarest plants from the Swiss Alps, Pyrenees, the Tyrol, are made use of, Saxifraga longifolia was in splendid style, almost better than it can be seen in its native haunts, the rosettes fully 10 inches in diameter. The masses of Alpine Rhododendrons, K. interme- dium, E. hirsutum, and R. ferrugineuro, are excellent ; Primula marginata, P. viscosa, and P. Auricula mar- ginata, are apparently thoroughly at home. Some forms of Saxifraga oppositifolia and S. Burseriana are as fine as when seen growing in their natural habitats. Lithospermum graminifolium makes fine large tufta ; it is here, at 500 feet altitude, perfectly hardy. It is one of the rarest and most beautiful of the Borrageworts, forming large tufts, which consists of the woody root-stocks and grass-like foliage, only a few inches high, from which arise in summer arching clusters of pendulous flowers of a brilliant blue colour. Pinus pumila and P. cembra, two very suitable species, are used with good effect. Juni- perus sabinoides and J. tripartita have also proved of value in this high situation. Mention may also be made of Elymus glaucus, which is planted on high ground in front of some dark Juniperus and other subjects ; its deep glaucous-blue, ample grassy foliage, contrasts so well during the summer months, and for such positions it is an admirable plant to use. A piece of land on the east side of the house was to be furnished with rockwork, and to this spot massive pieces of limestone were brought from the hills, and formed into rocky buttresses or mounds, which the garden path cuts in half, and on one side of which the lawn comes right up ; while on the other the rocks are backed by a collection of trees and shrubs, and the crevices and slopes are well clothed with alpine and other plants. At the west part of the garden, it was at one time contemplated to erect a summer-house ; but as the rockwork in other parts had proved satis- factory, it was considered possible to use the same kind of rocks, and to form a cave or rock summer- house, which would serve at the same time for pro- tection to the garden. Accordingly, a considerable quantity of very large pieces of rock were brought down, at the cost of much heavy labour. Amongst these rocks a great quantity of suitable soil was placed, and in this way the rock-cave as seen in fig. 2, was constructed. Although the position is very bleak, still, most of the trees, shrubs, and other plants have thriven ; and in the crevices of the rocks themselves, mossy and Lichen-covered alpines, dwarf species of Ivy, Erica carnea var. rubra, and other Ericas have become established. At the time of my visit the garden was in excel- lent order, and bespoke good management and in- dustry on the part of Mr. Shannon, the gardener. I cannot close these remarks without expressing my sense of the courtesy of Mr. Bartley in allowing me to look over this charming place. The photographs from which our engravings were taken are the work of Mr. T. A. Cotton, Ullswater, Green Lanes, Fins- bury Park. The rockwork in the gardens is the work of Mr. R. Potter of Messrs. Backhouse's Nur- sery, York, R. P. doubt, cause a sensation. It is figured in the Botanical Magazine, tab. 4605, under the name of Browallia Jamesoni. Riviera. The Week's Work. Foreign Correspondence. STREPTOSOLEN JAMESONI. Of all flowering plants grown on the Riviera this is one of the most effective, and at the same time most useful, flowering as it does during the whole winter and spring months. As it may be seen growing here in a bush, sometimes about 4 or 5 feet high, and loaded with its beautiful orange-scarlet flowers, it is a sight that one would delight to see in our greenhouses in England, and it is a wonder that it is not met with more often. It delights to grow in the full sunshine, with abundance of water during the growing season. The gardener that first exhibits a specimen plant as large as described, and well flowered, at one of our English shows, will, without FRUITS UNDER GLASS. By M. Temple, Gardener, Carron House, Falkirk, N. B. CUCUMBERS. — Those plants which are freely fruiting should be afforded liquid-manure, and a mulch of half-rotted manure. Remove deformed fruits, frequently stop the growths, which is prefer- able to cutting out large quantities of bines and foliage at long intervals of time ; and when the soil is watered, wet every portion of it. Under- watering, especially if the water be less warm than the soil, conduces to crippled fruit, and a bitter taste. The present is a suitable time for planting Cucumber plants, on beds with a mild bottom-heat, for autumn supply; Rollison's Telegraph is still a leading favourite, and Monroe's Duke of Edinburgh is a short-fruited variety, and a great cropper. TOMAT08 for latest crops may now be propa- gated by cuttings, or seed may be sown. We had some fine crops of Trophy last winter from plants sown at this season. Cuttings put singly into small pots, and potted on as may be necessary, are very fruitful, and not likely to grow so rank as plants from seed ; they fruit freely in pots plunged in mild bottom-heat, but growth ehould not be rendered weakly from absence of air and a too high temperature. PEACHES AND NECTARINE8.— The past few weeks of bright sunshine have brought on Peaches and Nectarines rapidly ; they are high coloured (not where foliage is poor and overcropping been practised), and quality good. They should be gone over every morning while the fruit is ripening, and carefully pulled when they move freely from the trees, handling them as little as possible, and they should be kept in an airy cool dry place till they are wanted. If they are to be sent to a distance, the fruit should be packed before they are quite ripe. Much water will be required by borders which are well drained ; mulching is of much service to the maintaining of healthy root- action. Keep growth thin, and allow sun to have full power on the fruit. Give liquid manure liberally to late crops, and syringe freely. VINE8. — Grapes which are ripe, and will have to remain on the Vines for some time longer, will lose colour rapidly in bright weather, and should be shaded, but to shade foliage in full health is objec- tionable, so that pieces of blue or dark-coloured paper placed between the bunches and the glass is the better way. It is well known that Grapes when bottled and kept quite dark are kept in much better condition than those which are exposed to much sunlight. We still have Lady Downes' Grapes of last year in good condition. At this season Black Hamburgh and Black Muscat suffer very soon after ripening. The surface of borders in the vinery, where Grapes are hanging, may be sprinkled with water during the early part of the day, which will help fruit and foliage alike ; but the vinery must be free from damp during the night. If the weather should become rainy, a small amount of fire would be unobjectionable in houses with ripe fruit hanging. White Muscat Grapes require all the light possible when ripening, and many good growers tie back any leaves which exclude it, and place a piece of tissue- paper over the bunches to prevent scorching. Early ventilation is of much moment to all ripening fruit, and a close sultry atmosphere should be avoided, especially if Grapes are for winter and next spring supplies. Lady Downes' must have special attention with regard to affording air and moisture. No variety of Grape needs to have a higher temperature than 85° to 00° if there are means to ventilate freely, and it should always fall 10° or 15° during the night. STRAWBERRIES. — Young plants for early forcing should have liberal treatment till the pots are well filled with roots. All runners should be pinched off as soon as they appear, and roots should not be al- lowed to grow into the substance on which the pots are stood — a firm surface of bricks or pavement pre- vents all trouble. Plenty of water is required by the young plants just pegged in the small pots. Young plants put out in rich deep soil last August are supplying capital runners, while older plants are doing the reverse. The soil should not be allowed to crack on the surface of the pots, and no weeds should be allowed to exist. While in southern parts Strawberries do well when potted towards the end of July, three weeks earlier is not too soon for the far north for first crops. Early in March, Black Prince and John Ruskin are favourites. Viscountess Thury, President, and Sir Joseph Paxton for main crops are generally much valued. Many fill the fruiting pots with soil (chiefly strong loam), and place the runners in them at once. I gave up that practice some years ago, preferring to use 3-inch pots first. THE FLOWER GARDEN. By T. H. CRASP. GENERAL HINTS —In the flower garden the prin- cipal part of the planting will be finished, and now the endeavour must be to obtain free growth in the plants by keeping the surface stirred and the soil moist. Avoid dribblings of cold water, which only retard growth. It will be well to take advantage of the first heavy shower to make the final sowings of biennials, either by sowing the seed on prepared ground, where the plants are to remain, or on beds for future transplantation. The only draw- back to the first is, that birds prey upon the seed with impunity, although by putting black thread crosswise over the patches they are greatly deterred. Sow seed of Brompton Stocks under hand-lights, keeping it shaded and uniformly moist till germina- tion takes place. Another sowing of Sweet Peas and Mignonette may yet be made if a late bloom is required. Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks, will now strike readily from pipings, if placed under a hand- light or bell glass containing good sandy soil, placed in a shady position, and kept close till growth begins, but the surest way for the first two is by means of layers when the plants have nearly finished blooming. Stools of choice Pansies which have ceased blooming, and are looking shabby, may be cut down, placing a mulching of decayed manure around them, thus encouraging fresh growth, which will flower in the autumn ; or the shoots may be taken off, made into cuttings, and inserted in sandy soil. Do not delay to cut back overgrown shrubs, or those which are encroaching upon each other or on the walks and turf; when pruned at this season, new growth is soon made. Privet hedges should be clipped, and Holly and Laurel hedges may be cut back with the knife, although in the case of the former the shears are more generally preferred. Box edgings should now be clipped hard, with a view of obtaining the neatest edge for the longest possible time. Owing to the showers, bedding plants have begun to make free growth ; and zonal Pelar- goniums, which were early planted are forming seed-pods very freely, and these should be removed or growth will be arrested, and the beds will not be filled up satisfactorily. The [surface of the beds should be hoed, and left in a neat state without having recourse to the rake, 'spent flowers removed, grass edges clipped, lawns mowed, and the walks rolled after rain. Where edging plants of Cerastium tomentosum, Antennaria, &c, have finished bloom- ing, they should be trimmed into shape with a pair of shears. The different varieties of Armeria or Thrift should receive the same kind of attention, cutting the flower-stems as close to the leaves of the plants as possible. Attention should also be given to keeping low, by pegging, the shoots of Verbenas, Petunias, Ivy-leaved Pelargoniums, and plants of similar growth, thereby affording the beds a neat appearance, DAHLIAS. — These plants, now growing rapidly, should have all the weak and flowerless side-shoots removed entirely, and the fastenings added to as may be required. The various plants in herbaceous borders should be kept free of decaying foliage and flower-stems, and the sub-tropical plants made secure against wind and rain by staking and tying. This is the time to sow the seeds of Brompton and Queen Stocks for next season's blooming. These plants, when well grown, are beautiful border plants, which none exceed in fragrance. THE HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. Btj T. TURTON. Gardener, Maiden Erlegh, Beading. SWEET CHERRIES.— Trees from which the fruit is gathered are often infested with black aphis at this season, and should have the tips of the shoots dipped in diluted tobacco-water or other preferred insecticide, and the entire tree syringed with the same ; and if no doubt is entertained as to the non-injurious quality of the insecticide, it need July 1, 1893.] THE GABDENEES' CHRONICLE. 11 not be syringed off, thus adding to the defence of the trees against future attacks. Whilst the soapsuds and tobacco-juice are safe insecticides, those which largely consist of petroleum should always be fol- lowed with a heavy washing of clean water, applied with the garden-engine or powerful syringe, or the hose, before the mixture dries on the trees. BUDDING. — The budding of Cherries, Plums, Peaches, Pears, and Apples, should be commenced if the sap flows readily, the kinds being taken in the above order. Budding is a simple operation, the employment of which is sometimes more conve- nient than grafting, and may be commended in par- ticular to the amateur, and it is advisable if suitable scions cannot be obtained. The budding is similar in its method to that adopted with Roses, and the budded shoots are left at full length till the winter- pruning, thereby avoiding the risk of the buds starting this season, and of a check to the growth of the stock. AMERICAN BLIGHT (Schizoneura lanigeia). — Never before have I known this pest to be so troublesome as this year, which has led me to conclude that heat and drought are favourable to its propagation. The pest, if allowed to infest young trees, causes serious, and often permanent injury to them. Therefore, no pains should be avoided in dressing them with Gishurst Compound-soap, or an insecticide consisting of soapy-water and petroleum, the latter ingredient not being applied stronger than one wineglass to the gallon of water. Whatever is used should be well rubbed into all crevices of the bark with a stumpy painter's brush, and where this cannot be got, the syringe must be made use of. The insect sometimes infests the roots, and these should be laid partly bare, and watered with soapsuds. HINTS ON GENERAL WORK.— Finish the layering of Strawberry runners, remembering that the earlier they are planted out the heavier will be next season's crop. Finish the thinning of Apples, Pears, and Plums, and the pruning of Plums and Pears on walls, and continue to afford root waterings unless rain has been sufficiently heavy to thoroughly moisten the soil to a good depth. If Raspberries are afforded a heavy watering, the canes will con- tinue in bearing for some time longer. Place a good mulch, of litter, grass, &c, over the roots of Doyenne d'Kte, and other early varieties of the Pear, which are best when ripened on the trees, bo that those fruits which may fall will not get bruised. The same applies to very early Apples, of which Copeman's is the earliest I know of. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. By H. C. PRI.V3EP, Girdensr, Biuted Park, Uckfield. 8UCCE8SIONAL CROPS. — The unusual drought greatly checked the growth of most vegetables, and even now, in the south, if rain in quantity does not soon fall, the Potatos and other root-crops will be light. It is seldom that Cabbage, Cauliflowers, &c, have suffered so much as during the present season, and it was difficult to keep plants alive. The gar- dener Bhould not fail to plant good breadths of Kale, Broccoli, and Savoys, especially the first-named. Particular attention should be paid during the next few weeks to getting these plants well established by heavy waterings, and keeping them shaded till fully established. CARROTS. — The crops of these roots are poor in most gardens, and the growth of those sown early is almost at a standstill. Another sowing should be forthwith made, so that there may be no break in the supply, the intermediate varieties making useful- sized roots by the autumn, if the weather be at all favourable. The roots of these varieties may be allowed to remain in the ground all winter, if a slight protection be afforded them in severe weather. BROAD BEANS.— Attention will now be needed to keep the plants free from the species of aphis which harbours at the ends of the stems, preventing free growth. For this purpose, boil 1 lb. of Quassia chips for half an hour in 2 gallons of water, adding 2 oz. of soft-soap to each gallon whilst it is boiling, and before the mixture is quite cold dip the ends in it ; a second application may be needed two or three days later. Mulching and watering must also be attended to, or growth will be slow. PEA8. — The late sowings will now be ready for staking. After staking, mulch with cow-shed manure 4 inches thick, and water heavily. If aphis infests the Pea plants treat as for Beans. The secret in growing good Peas in hot weather is to sow thinly, heavily water the plants, and destroy aphides. RUNNER BEANS.— The last sowing should now be made, and when staking runners, so place the stakes that light may readily reach the plants. When poles are used, they should be at least a yard apart at the top. Attend to mulching the plants well, and supplying them with liquid or artificial manure. When in bearing and in hot weather, syringe them late in the afternoon, which will assist the setting of the blossoms and swell the pods. THE ORCHID HOUSES. By W. H0LME3, Gardener, Pickering Lodge, Timperley . CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA AND C. G. ALBA are just about to open their first flowers, and will there- tore succeed C. Mossise and C. Mendeli at a useful time. Give them a good supply of water until the flowering period is over, when they should be gradu- ally dried off. The old Cattleya labiata pallida is a very near relative to C. Gaskelliana, but is a little later to flower. It will require the same treatmentas C. Gas- kelliana as regards water, &c. C. gigas and its freer flowering variety Sanderiana, along with C. Warneri, are now making a grand display ; when these finish flowering they should be carefully watered until the pseudobulbs become properly matured. Any requiring potting or rebasketing should be seen to at once, so that they get well rooted before they become in- active ; any plants not needing potting will be better if they are removed after flowering to a cool and airy part of the house. If left where they have made their growth they often start a second growth, and I find a cool treatment answers best in this case. We give plenty of air about the plants, and water them once a week for a time until the pseudobulbs are properly ripened, when the water is withheld until such time as we think they require it ; all Orchid-growers must in this case use their own judgment. Push forward the potting of any Cattleya Mossioe or Mendeli that have not been done, as these are now making roots, and they may get injured during this operation, if delayed. It is a good practice to have the plants sponged in soft- soapy water, to clean the dust off the leaves, also to rid them of white scales which harbour on the pseudobulbs and the underside of the leaves. When potting a Cattleya, always make the plant firm, so that there be no rocking about if moved. One stake may hold the plant firmly if in a small pot, but two or three will be required for a plant in a 10-inch pot. Always press the compost firmly with the hand round the plant. Less water will be needed after potting, until such time as the roots take hold of the new compost. Keep the plants fairly shaded, and a moist atmosphere around them until more water can be given. Ltelia purpurata will now need looking over, and the potting attended to ; the same compost suits these as for Cattleya Mossioe, always using clean pots and crocks. Lalia tenebrosa should be seen to as well. Keep Lrelia Boothiana or Catt- leya lobata on the dry side, as this is apt to make a second growth, which has not time to get properly ripened. Cattleya Schilleriana may be top-dressed now, and watered sparingly. This is one of the Cattleyas which often makes a secondary growth, but will make up and flower later on ; however, if they can be kept quiet after making one growth, they flower all the better for another season. Catt- leya Trianosi, C. Schroderoe, and C. Lawrenceana in full growth must now be well attended to with regard to watering, shading, and giving air, so as to make up well-matured pseudobulbs. Besides watering the plants, it is a good practice to syringe well between the pots twice a day during the very dry and hot weather. Dendrobium in full growth must be given plenty of water, syringing, and a high temperature, closing the house up early in the afternoon so as to get a good, clean, and quick growth. Keep a sharp look-out for thrips and red-spider, as the weather we have had has been all in favour of these pests. Temperature for Dendrobium-house should read 70° to 75° by night, 80° to 85° by day, closing early in afternoon, to allow the temperature to run up to 90° or even 100,° which will do no harm. PLANTS UNDER GLASS. By Bailey Wadds, Gardener, Birdsall Gardens, York. SOUVENIR DE LA MALMAISON CARNATIONS, AND OTHERS. — The present is a suitable time to layer these plants, choosing those that have done flowering, and not required for growing on to make larger plants. The best place for layering them is a Cucumber-pit or frame with slight bottom-heat remaining in it ; or failing that, a bed in a cool-house will do very well in a season like the present. Not having either of these, a sheltered border in the open air will do ; but layers root much quicker and make stronger plants on an old dung-bed. The old plants in pots, if dry, should be well watered and plunged to the rims in a bed of soil, or into the fermenting materials with a piece of slate beneath, and a mixture of sandy loam and leaf-soil in about equal parts should then be spread all over the top of the bed to the depth of 4 inches. The pots should not be placed too close together, but afford sufficient space for each layer to be taken up when rooted with a good ball of earth. The best plan is to start at one end of the bed or border, plunge one plant, say the best growths, and then proceed with another, and so on till all are done. Stout bracken or wooden pegs are the best ; metal peg 8 sometimes cause canker. Care should be taken in cutting half-way through, just below a joint, to cut upwards to the next joint or node, and in bending the shoot, not to ■break it off. After having layered the required number, afford the bed a good watering, but do not keep it too wet afterwards, or the plants will turn yellow. Slight shade from bright sunshine, and a moist growing temperature, are necessary points to attend to ; and greenfly must.be killed by fumigation, or syringing with Quassia-water, or a solution of nicotine-soap. Plants in 6] or 8-inch pots that have passed out of flower, and which are intended to be kept for another season, should be re-potted into pots of a larger size — say, 10 and 12-inch pots, if care be taken with the watering at first, and to keep them clean. The pots should be well-drained, and the compost consist of turfy-loam, leaf-mould, and silver-sand, with the addition of some decayed dry cow-dung or fertilising moss, a good portion of which may be placed over the crocks. The leaf-mould used should be dry, and well-prepared from leaves several years old. The varieties, Madame Arthur Warocqu<§, scarlet, and the red variety, are more hardy and easier of culti- vation than the larger-growing varieties. The crim- son, the pink, and rose-coloured, and Lady Middle- ton, are very beautiful varieties just at present, the weather having been suitable for them. Most of the tree varieties may be layered out-of-doors, and the layering should be done as soon as the bloom has gone over. Useful varieties are Germania, Countess of Paris, Miss Joliffe, Purity, and Winter Cheer. Cuttings of Mrs. Sinkins, and the double varieties of the old white and other Pinks, should be put in, in quantity, the plants to be grown in 5 and 6-inch pots for forcing in the winter and spring. Five or six cuttings put into a large 60-pot, and placed in a moist place, will soon strike root. It should be borne in mind that all Carnations and Pinks when grown in pots, to be objects of beauty, should be afforded liberal applications of plant-food. I find that a change of plant stimulants to be the best in practice, and I never allow any greenfly to remain on the plants. Afford abundance of air night and day. For the destruction of wire-worms and eel-worms, dissolve \ lb. of nitrate of soda in 4 gallons of soft- water ; let the plants get a little dry, then stand the pots in it up to the stem of the plants for ten minutes— use a pail for the purpose. CHRYSANTHEMUMS. — For the production of Btout useful plants for decoration or for cutting from, cuttings 4 or 5 inches long should be taken from the leads of strong young plants, and struck singly in 5 or 6-inch pots in a cold frame. The pots should be clean, with good drainage, on which some turfy-loam should be placed, and the pots filled to within 1 inch of the rim with sifted soil, with half- an-inch of silver-sand put on the top. Place the cold frames on a bed of coal-ashes, shading the cuttings with a thin wash of lime. Having pots and labels ready, take them to the plants, one man writing the names on the labels, and another taking the cuttings and inserting them in the pots. There is no need to plunge the pots, but after having watered them close the frame, which must be shaded with mats, as well as limewash for a time during bright weather. The cuttings must not flag at any time, and should be watered well, and at times sprinkled with a fine- ros9 pot. Keep close till rooted, then ventilate gradually at first, and apply less shading until full exposure becomes safe. Plants struck at this time and in this way are very useful, and the plants from which the shoots were taken will soon start anew, when one or two breaks should be selected from each. 12 THE GAIi DENE ItS' CHRONICLE. [July 1. 1893. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. WEDNESDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SATURDAY, TUESDAY, MEETI N G S. j Royal Botanic Society : Fete, 8 to 12 p M. JULY 5-j July 7— Dundee Horticultural Society, July 8— Royal Botanic Society, Evening July 4 SHOWS. . ( Great Rose Show, National Rose i Society, at the Crystal Palace. t Rose Shows at Canterbury, Glou- ( cester, Bagshot, and Diss. IYork Florists third Show at York (two days). Croydon Horticultural, Hereford Rose, Farnham Amateur Rose and Horticultural ; Lee, Blackheath, and Lewisham Horticultural (two days) ; Ealing Horticultural. Rote Shows at Bath, Farningbam, r Manchester, and Norwich. b<; Chichester and West Susser Horti- cultural. THURSDAY, FRIDAY, July 7— Ulverston Rose. TUESDAY, FRIDAY. SALES. ,„.-.,,( Imported Orchids at Protheroe ft JULY 14 ^ Morris' Rooms. , ,i Great Sale of imported Orchids at J uly / -j protheroe ft Morris" Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 63°. The effects on the orops conse- ™et9SLestoDn3!nd quent °n the advent °f rain after the prolonged heat and drought, will be watched with intense interest both by physiologists and gardeners. In the case of fruit trees, we may well anticipate that the crops will be light. On all sides we hear of the flowers drying up and falling almost ere they were set, except in some cases where the precaution was taken to mulch early and heavily, in which cases it is possible to tell exactly how far the influence of the mulch extended. The heat and drought that were so detrimental to the flower- buds seem to have been thoroughly appreciated by many insects, who haVe completed the devas- tation brought about by unfavourable climatic conditions. The growth of trees in general has been severely checked, the shoots formed have been contracted, the leaves are stunted, and in many cases they have shrivelled and fallen before their time, particularly in the case of old trees of diminished vitality, and specially when growing on dry, gravelly or sandy soil. Flowers are small, and those produced on the young wood of the year, such as Roses, have been checked or rushed into bloom weeks before their proper time. These are general, but perhaps not universal, results. Variation must have occurred according to local conditions, and those gardeners who have had the happiness to have had command of an adequate water supply, have managed to keep up their supplies of vegetables and Strawberries, and other fruits, in a manner which their less- fortunate brethren must have envied. As to strawberries, we have heard several complaints about the non-production of runners ; but there is still time for this. In addition to these sources of differences, there must have been similar variations conse- quent on the different constitutional endowments of particular varieties. Some varieties must have maintained themselves against adverse conditions much better than others. What are those varieties ? This is a question which we trust our readers will give us an opportunity of answering. As to the Roses, the forthcoming shows will, no doubt, afford some, indications, but it is obvious that the resulvs so obtained must be balanced against the pains which the enthu- siastic rosarian takes — pains which others, less enthusiastic, or with fewer opportunities, can- not rival. The eager controversy which last year agitated the minds of rosarians as to the number of trees grown by amateurs desirous of exhibiting, and the consequent balancing of means and opportunities might now be extended, and cognisance be taken of the supply of water available to rival competitors, the leDgth of their hose, the capa- city and the number of their water-pots ! The requisite adjustments could then be made, and the decisions of the judges be based on more equitable conditions. But imagine the heated discussions that would take plaoe — those which occurred in reference to the proposal to alter the date of the shows would be trifling in compari- son. It would be interesting at this period, and in this very exceptional season, to know the present views of the gentlemen who were so anxious to alter dates to suit the presumed general convenience. If we oould but know, say, only six months in advance what sort of weather we were likely to enoounter, it is evident we oould make our Rose and other shows movable feasts ; but as things are, it seems best to con- tinue to select some medium date when the greatest amount of perfection may, on the average of years, be anticipated. It is desirable not only to gauge the effects of the drought and heat as we see them now, or in the immediate future, but also to look ahead and consider what are likely to be the consequences of the warm moist period upon which we seem to be entering. No doubt ia many cases trees and plants which have been undergoing a forced period of rest will start afresh, as if a second spring had come, and we shall have an abun- dant development of new shoots, and a crop of autumnal blossoms. The autumnal Roses stand a good chance of being more numerous and of better quality than their summer sisters. All this will be interesting to the physiologists, but, as a rule, it will not be of much value to the gardener, for it will simply discount, on dis- advantageous terms, the produce of the next spring. The farmer, however, who has been so severely tried, may now reasonably hope for a lattermath, and there is time for the development of a good root-crop. The relation of the abnormal season to practice is also a most important thing to note. Is it necessary this season to indulge in much pinch- ing and summer pruning beyond necessary thinning ? Has not Nature herself afforded a sufficient check to development already? This is a point upon which experienced practitioners might profitably enlighten their juniors. Another oonsequenoe of the present weather to which we may look forward is, the advent of the Potato-rot. A moist warm atmosphere favours the growth and development of the fungi which prey on the Potato plant, set up fermentation in its tissues, and engender rot. As we have so often pointed out, we are not so powerless against this pest as onoe we were. The Jensen system of high-moulding, or the judioious use of carefully-prepared Bordeaux Mixture, may certainly be relied on to diminish and palliate the evil to a very large extent. For cottagers and small growers the high- moulding system is probably the most desirable method, as it does not involve any dabbling with chemicals— a dangerous matter to trust to un- scientifio labourers. All that has to be done is to mould-up the haulm so that it shall not be, as now, in a furrow at the top of a ridge, but that the ridge shall be sharp at the top, and the haulm project, not from the top, but from one side of the ridge, a little below the top. The ridge will require banking-up once a fortnight or so, till lifting time, and it demands no more skill than is involved in handling a spade. Even when the disease has been very far advanced, and all prospect of a crop seemed ruined, we have seen excellent results follow. For growers on a large scale, who can easily procure the necessary materials and apparatus, and who can rely on the services of some compe- tent supervisor, no doubt the spraying the haulm and both sides of the leaves with Bordeaux Mixture affords the best results. It may be well to repeat the formula whioh has been found most generally useful, and to counsel those who make use of it to do so in the first instance ten- tatively, and to begin with a dilute solution ; but even if the haulm is injured by the mixture, the tubers will not be affected. In the prepara- tion of the mixture, so far as we have seen, the great point is to seoure the due action of the lime. If that is of inferior quality, or defioient in quantity, the results are correspondingly unsatisfactory. Better too muoh than too little lime. Technioal educators oould not do better service just now than in instructing their hearers how to mould their Potatos, or how to prepare and how to use the Bordeaux Mixture. Bordeaux Mixture.— The simplest formula is the following : — Sulphate of copper, freshly- slaked lime, of each 5 lb. ; water, 50 gallons. Dissolve the sulphate of copper (blue vitriol) in water in a wooden tab. Mix the lime to the consistence of cream in another vessel. Add the lime-water gradually to the copper solution, keeping it well stirred. Lime should be added till the solution ceases to hare a blue colour when looked at through a depth of 2 to 3 inches. The object is to neutralise the acid of the copper- ■ulphate, and to obtain a neutral oxide which does not burn the leaves. The reader is referred to the communication to the Scientific Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in July last (see Gardeners' Chronicle, August 6, 1892, p. 162). The properly- prepared Bordeaux Mixture may be used with a fine-rosed water-can, but it is much better to use a spray-pump. Care must be taken to put the copper-salt in the first instance into a wooden tub. When the mixture is properly made, and the acid neutralised by the lime, the solution may then be placed in metal cans or pumps without risk of injuring them. The Albert Medal of the Society of ARTS for the present year has been awarded to Sir John Bennet Lawes, and a like Medal to Dr. John Henby Gilbert, "for their joint services to scientific agriculture, and notably lor the researches which, throughout a period of fifty years, have been carried on by them at the experimental farm, Rothamsted." ROYAL WEDDING.— Messrs. Wills & Seqar have received the royal command to supply the wedding bouquets on the occasion of the marriage of H.R.H. the Duke of York and H.S.H. the Princess Mary of Teck. The same firm has also received instructions to decorate the breakfast table at Buckingham Palace on the occasion of the wedding. The Ghent Quinquennial.— We have received a series of photographs of this Exhibition, a report of which was given in our previous volume. Since that time, the great Paris Show and the Temple Show of the Royal Horticultural Society have taken place. These, it is true, are annual exhibitions ; but when we look at the extent, the variety, the interest, and specially the grouping, at the Ghent Show, as evidenced in the photos before us, we feel how very much better our Temple Show ought to be. A grand opportunity is afforded to the Royal Horticultural Society to make a really fine, well-arranged, and Jult 1, 1893.] THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. 13 instructive show at the Agricultural Hall ; and though it is too early for a Special Fruit Show, we yet hope the Society will rise to the occasion, and not put the public off with the worn-out, stereotyped arrangements — or want of arrangement. Great York Gala, June 14. 15, and 16 — In our report of this exhibition, mention was made of an Alpine Girden designed and planted by Messrs. James Backhouse & Son, York, and on the recom- mendation of the judges, a Gold Medal was awarded by the committee to this very artistic floral work. Bones in the Crocking of Chrysanthe- mum POT8. — A correspondent writes, warning growers of the Chrysanthemum who may have used broken bones, to turn out the plants, and ascertain poisonous symptoms, in a few instances ending in death, have been caused by preparations of Male Fern. Hitherto the active constituents of the Male Fern root, on which its poisonous properties depend, have not yet been absolutely determined ; but in the Archiv.f. Exp. Path., ifc, xxix., p. 7, a recent issue, these constituents are carefully described by E. Podlsson. He succeeded in isolating amongst them two substances, namely, filicin and filicic acid, which he considers to be the main causes of poisonous symptoms arising from taking pre- parations of Male Fern, and upon these the ver- mifuge properties of the root when given in medicine depend. The Frost in China— In connection with the severe cold experienced in Hong-Kong during just before the autumn Rice harvest, severe cold and rain spoiled a large portion. One-third was lost, and Chinese speculators are said to have lost no time in buying up and shipping to Hong-Kong, Hainan, and Pakhoi, all the available stocks at Wandiuh, the great Kxe centre. Sweet Peas at Chiswick.— Visitors to the Chiswick Gardens on the occasion of the show there on July 11, should not miss the collection of Sweet Peas which will be then in full perfection. They are grown in rather an out-of-the-way corner, and might be overlooked. The varieties are chiefly from Mr. Eckford, who has done so much towards popularising the flower and adding to the store of good kinds already in the trade. The large number of varieties will be thoroughly inspected by the com- FlO. 3. — VIEW IN GARDEN, BEAR FABK, WEN6LETDALE. (sEE P. 8.) the condition of the crocking and the roots, as some bones are on the market which turn putrid after being in the pots a short time. If the plants, he says, are put in clean pots supplied with sweet drainage materials, not much barm will be done. In one month from the time of putting them in the pots, the bones have become putrid. Those who have not yet finally potted their plants should test the condition of the bones they intend to use before putting them into the pots. Newcastle-on-Tyne Summer Show— From onr advertisement columns it will be seen that the Newcastle Summer Show will be held in July, in conjunction with the great show of the Northumber- land Agricultural Society, and with the attractions doubled we have no doubt it will be a success. The Poison of Male Fern.— During the past ten years several cases have occurred in which last winter, and noticed recently in onr columns, the following extract from a report by Mr. Acting- Consul Fbasee to the Foreign Office, dated Kiung- chow, March 22, 1893, will be of interest. Tne value of imports from outside China was lessened in 1892 by £3300 as compared with 1891, for 614 tons less rice was imported from abroad. This indicates bountiful harvests in 1892. This port and Hainan in general are not visited with the extremes of heat and cold which sometimes afflict their near neighbours, and are so injurious to agriculture. During the winter, when Hong- Kong, Swatow, Pakhoi, and other tropical places near were in ice and snow, the thermometer at Kiungchow only went down to 37° Fahr., which was for Hainan an unprecedented cold, and did a considerable amount of mischief. The Sweet Potato- fields presented a remarkable appearance with their graceful leaves blackened, as if fire had passed over them. The Sugar-cane also suffered. In Tonkin, mittee, and the best singled ont. From what we can see, there is need of considerable sifting, but many very beautiful varieties are in the collection, the flowers ranging from pure white to scarlet. Con- sidering the dryness of the spason, they are in good health, and constitute a " trial " of more than ordinary interest. A GIGANTIC PEA.— A correspondent, H. Bob- janovitz, nurseryman, Ada, in Hungary, sends us some well-filled Pea-pods, which are of enor- mous size, i.e., they are \% inch broad at the middle, and 6 inches long, without parchment or thread, sweet and excellent in flavour. The haulm grows to a height of 4£ feet, and it is very prolific, ripening in Hungary in June, therefore an early variety. It was found in the possession of a farmer-gardener in Servia, who had cultivated it for thirty years. We are promised a supply of new seed in this conntry next year. 14 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 1, 1893. Horticultural Examinations.— The follow- ing are the questions put at the recent examination under the auspices of the Royal Horticultural Society, and the results of which were announced in our pre- vious issue. The candidates were of all ages, from 15 to 40, and almost equally varied as to their attain- ments and their means of obtaining information : — Higher Grade. Eight Questions OSLY to be answered ; any eight the Candidate prefers. 1. Explain the mode of formation of the soil. 2. What evils arise from stagnant moisture in the soil ; and ■why is access of air necessary to the roots of plants ? 3. In the selection of a site for the formation of a garden, what are the principal conditions to be observed ? Describe those of most importance. 4. Describe the usual system of rotation of cropping in the kitchen garden, and what are the advantagesderived therefrom? 5. Mention a few common weeds which usually grow— (1) on clay soils ; (2) on sandy soils; (3) on limestone soils. 6. Explain the ill effects which arise from too deep planting. 7. How may a successfon of vegetables be obtained during every month in the year? 8. Explain the process of grafting, and state what objects are served by it. 9. By what circumstances is the work of the leaves impeded? 10. Why is a combination of various substances in manure generally preferable to the application of one substance alone ? 11. Describe the method of preparing the ground for Straw- berries ; the preparation of the runners ; also the best time and method of planting. 12. Give some illustrations where fungi, so far from being injurious, contribute to the welfare of the plant on which they grow. 13. What are the relative advantages of training fruit trees on the espalier system, and on walls? 14. What variations occur in the mode of growth of a cutting? Lower Grade. Eight Questions only to be answered ; any eight the Candidate prefers. 1. On what circumstances does the productiveness of the soil depend? 2. Describe the method of preparing the ground for fruit trees, and the method of planting standard, pyramid, and bush trees on free, aud on dwarfing stocks. 3. In laying out a garden, what are the first operations to be performed ? Describe them in detail. 4. What do plants derive from the soil, and how do they take up nourishment from it? 5. What purposes are served by digging and hoeing? 6. What are the best manures for fruit trejs? Describe the best way of applying them. 7. Describe the method of preparing the ground for such crops as Carrot9, Beet, and Parsnips. 8. What are the circumstances favourable to Ihe germination of seed ? 9. What is understood by wireworms, and what are the best methods of dealing with them ? 10. What are the conditions most favourable to the grow th of Asparagus? 11. Why is blanching required in the ca9e of Seakale, Celery, and some other crop9? 12. Some plants produce their flowers from the old, others from the new wood. Mention the method and 9eason of pruning adapted to both circumstances. 13. At what season of the year does the Celery-fly attack the plants ? How may it be prevented ? 14. Describe the system of culture by which Cucumbers can be grown out-of-doors in England at a profit. COMBERMERE ABBEY. — Messrs. E. & H. Lumley, of St. James's Street, in conjunction with Messrs. Osbohn & Mebceb, have received instruc- tions from Viscount Combermere to sell tha Com- bermere Abbey Estate, in Cheshire and Shropshire, and the sale will take place at the Mart on July 11. This estate comprises about 9000 acres, chiefly old pasture used for dairying purposes, and the rental is about £16,500. The abbey is said to have been built in 1133, and, although the exterior has been much altered, parts of the interior remain in their original condition, and some of the walls are 5 feet in thickness. After 400 years in the possession of the Benedictines, the estate was granted by Henry VIII. to Sir George Cotton. The abbey stands beside a natural lake, about 2 miles long and 134 acres in extent, and is Burrounded by 1000 acres of finely-timbered park. The abbey is situated about 3 miles from Wrenbury Station, which is on the estate, and 112 miles from Crewe. Early Harvesting of Peas, Etc.— We gather from the Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette of June 27 that, during the week ending June 24, at Axminster, Messrs. Veitch harvested 3 acres of their new garden Pea Exonian, and sowed a few rows of them again, thus making two crops of Peas in one season. Some days ago, Mr. Veitch picked some Royal Apricots from an open wall, which had received no protection of any kind. BULBOUS IRISES. — Professor Michael Foster has republished, in an extended form, the lecture on this subject which he delivered before the Royal Horticultural Society. It is illustrated with numerous woodcuts, and a descriptive list of species, with an artificial key to facilitate their determination, is given. We need hardly say that this is a publication which all lovers of bulbous Irises will yearn to possess. It may be had by Fellows for 2s. 6d„ by non-Fellows at 5s., from the offices of the Society, 117, Victoria Street, S.W. Proliferous Strawberries. — From Lord Richard Browne and from Mr. Dawes we have received specimens of Strawberries in the condition Fill 4. -A PROLIFEROUS STRAWBERRY. figured above. The explanation is simple. The edible portion of the Strawberry is the top of the flower-stalk, which dilates and becomes succulent. The true fruits or seed-vessels are what most people call the seeds. They do, indeed, contain the seed, but are in reality carpels. Carpels, as all botanists know, are modifications of leaves. It is, therefore, not surprising that the carpels, as in the case before us, develop into miniature leaves. Again, as the receptacle is a modification of the stem, it is not wonderful that it should, as in this caBe, produce buds and little branches, some of which even produce a flower at the extremity. The cases are interesting in relation to the famous Plymouth Strawberry alluded to on various occasions in our columns, and once thought to be extinct, but which is now widely diffused under the name Fragaria muricata. We have specimens growing received from Canon Ellacombe and Mr. F. G. Wilson. Cedar-wood in Caraccas.— The wood of the so-called Cedar, apparently Cedrela odorata, seems to be an important article of export from Caraccas to La Guaira, where Consul Boulton, in his report to the Foreign Office, tells us enormous quan- tities are stored as compared with the requirements of Caraccas, where all the Cedar is used. Prices, how- ever, were well sustained during the year, because the cost of the Cedar is constantly increasing on account of the greater difficulties experienced in bringing it to market. The places where Cedar is cut are very distant already, and in consequence a considerable amount of money and labour has to be spent on the sometimes almost impassable roads, and often the Cedar has to remain a whole year where it is cut, if rain does not fall sufficiently to provide the small rivers with water, to take it down to the lake. Profitable Gardening.— The question of cottage gardening, says Reynolds' Weekly Newspaper, is becoming one of increasing interest and importance with the growth in the number of allotments and small holdings. The extensive ignorance as to the proper mode of cultivating simple vegetables, and on such subjects as poultry and bee-keeping, is appalling. It is as disgraceful to this country as the ignorance with reference to simple cookery. What can be more disheartening than to find the villager of England buying eggs, bacon, Potatos, Onions, honey, and such like things, imported from abroad, when, by a little industry, knowledge, and intelligence, they could be produced in his own back garden. It is as easy to grow a Strawberry as a Cabbage, when one knows the easily -understood separate treatment. Special attention ought to be paid to lessoDs in agri- culture in the elementary schools in the rural dis- tricts, and the technical schemes of the various county councils ought always to embrace lessons iu planting, sowing, cottage-gardening, and cookery— not elaborate scientific schemes, but plain, simple practical directions such as anyone could easily understand. EuLOPHIELLA ElisabetH/E.- Commerce has its romance as well as Science. If any doubt be enter- tained upon the point, let the reader cast his eye upon the enclosed paragraph from a circular announcing the sale of a consignment of this very beautiful and remarkable Orchid, at the instance of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., on July 7, at Messrs. Pro- theroe & Morris' Rooms. Astonishing as the statement is, there is no reason to doubt its veraciousness : — "Respecting Eulophiella Elisabeths, M. Hamklin, in a recent letter to us. says: — ' Excepting young and very small plants, no more Eulophiella are to be found, and the plants left will be guarded by my brother-in-law until they may be wanted by me. At lea9t eeveral years must elapse before these small plants are large enough to gather. Amateurs of this superb Orchid may be sure that no plants can or will be imported. I can guarantee that no man can collect them. My brother-in-law's will is ab- solute in the country of the Eulophiella, and from three years' exploration I do not believe this plant exists anywhere else in this terrible country. The difficulties of travel and the expenses are enormous. I have had great dangers to encounter, although I had at my command hundreds of men. If an amateur pays 1005. for a plant of Eulophiella, he owns a great prize for a trifle of cost— if consideration is taken of the great mortality among my plants, and the loss of many of my packages in a terrific storm at sea, and could one only know the sacrifice in human life that this plant alone has cost. We were constantly harassed. by night, especially by the Proto- cryptoferox madagascariensis ! (the Madagascar lion), which lives in trees, ana preys on all living things. It is ferocious in the extreme, and one of its favourite haunts was among the tufts of the Eulophiella. It is to this animal I owe my rela- tion to Moyambassa. This chief sent his brother-in-law with me as a guide and protector, but in an encounter with a lioness, this brave young chief had the flesh torn from his shoulders and back, and died. I was offered the alternative of marrying his widow, or being greased and burnt; but I chose to marry the widow, atd ate salt with the man whose slightest wishes are immeiiately executed I" Public Garden at Hackney.— The Metro- politan Public Gardens Association have been the means of securing for the people of Hackney the opening of the garden in St. Thomas' Square, Hackney. The garden is about li acre in extent, and belongs to the trustees of St. Thomas' Hospital. As they have, at the present time, live wards un- July 1, 1S93.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 15 occupied for want of funds, it will be seen they had no money to expend on beautifying the garden in St. Thomas' Square. Nevertheless, they willingly handed it over to the Hackney District Board of Works for the purpose specified. On Thursday afternoon, June 15, the formal opening took place by the Countess Brownlow, who was accompanied by the Earl. A Botanical Garden. — Messrs. L. Ricketts and J. Cameron have, states the Madras Weekly Mail, visited the Nundydroog Hills, with the object of establishing a botanical garden, as a branch of the Lai Bagh. Nundydroog is 4,856 feet above the level of the sea, or about 1,82(3 feet higher than Bangalore, the thermometer ranging during the hottest part of the year, 65° in the early morn- ings, while in Bangalore it ranges from 76° to 90°. During the hottest part of the day, the thermometer in Nundy is reported to have ranged no higher than 77°. The climate, consequently, is far superior to the Shevaroyi, and very nearly equal to that of Coonoor. Grammatophyllum Sanderianum.— One of the sights of the Victoria-house at Kew at the present time is the monster plant of this Orchid, presented to the Royal Gardens, Kew, by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., by whom it was imported. The gigantic pseudobulbs or stems, which are 7 to 8 feet in height, and 3 inches in diameter, have no slight resemblance to so many snakes. From the base of the stems rise above the surface of the soi!, cr of the dtbris in which the plant is growing, a forest of slender roots, which give oft' short branches at right angles, and each of which ends in a sharp spine. It is possible that these up- ward growing roots are associated with the habit of feeding on decaying vegetable matter, and that the plant is thus a " saprophyte." On p. viii., vol. xiii., we give a reduced figure of the plant, and fig. 5 is a representation of some of the roots of natural siz>. Publications Received.— List of Works on Gardening and Horticulture, Forestry, Landscape Gardening. Orchids, $o. (John Wheldon & Co., 58, Great Queen Street, London, W.C.)— Art Out of Doors, by Mrs. Schdyleu van Rensseiaer. (T. Fisher Unwin.) very interesting to the botanical student, and have been dealt with by Strasburger, and in the June number of the Annals of Botany, just to hand, by Prof. D. H. Campbell, of the Leland Stanford PLANT PORTRAITS. Diuc.t;na thalioides, fol. var., Illustration Horti- cole, t, 175. — This is the Draciena Sanderiana of English gardens. What its true name and position may be is not at present known with certainty. Eucalyptus gomphocephala, Revue Horticolc, June 16. Genista Andkeana, Revue de V Horticulture Bcl^c. Nelombiom speciosom, Garden, June 3. Saintpaulia ionantha, Garten Flora, t. 1391 ; Gardeners' Chronicle, June 10, 1893. Thoniserqia grandiflora, Garden, May 27. AZOLLA PINNATA. (Fig. 6.) We have received from Mr. Greenwood Pirn, and from Mr. Burbidge, a copious supply of fruiting specimens of this elegant little aquatic. We may, perhaps, best describe its general appearance as that of a diminutive and floating Selaginella, its small crowded overlapping leaves having much the appearance of those of that genus. Their surface is velvety, and as they become old they assume a pink, and ultimately a brown appearance, which is very charming. The capsules, which nestle in the axils of the leaves, are of two kinds. The males are flask-shaped, more or less flattened, and pointed, with numerous globu- lar-stalked sporanges in the interior, and which contain the male spores. The female capsules are smaller, ovoid conic. The life-history of the two sets of Bpores, and the resultant fertilisation, are FlO. 5.— AERIAL ROOTS OF ORAMMATOPHYLLl'M SANDEKIANL'M. (Kealsize.) For figure of the plant we refer our readers to p. viii. of tin Index to Vol. XIII , published with this issue. University, California. The female capsules in the specimens sent are barely ripe. We may have another opportunity of examining them later on. In the mean- time, we append Mr. Pirn's letter : " I enclose herewith specimens of Azolla pinnata (qy., caroliniana), which :Jm Fig. 6.— azolla pixxata. are fruiting abundantly, an occurrence which is, I believe, rare in Great Britain and Ireland, though not uncommon abroad. The plants have been in the open air for a couple of years, at Mr. Walpole's garden, at Mt. Usher, co. Wicklow, and increased so much as to become quite a nuisance. A quantity of it was placed two or three months ago in a shallow peaty pool, which is now almost dry, there being only a few inches of water. In this the plant is produc- ing fruit on almost every fully-developed individual. Greenwood Pirn." Home Correspondence. GARDEN PINK8. — Mr. Douglas mentions in the Gardeners' Chronicle, vol. xiii., p. 71-1, that he has managed to strike Pink cuttings without the aid of glass. So have I, many times; indeed, it is doubtful whether the glass covering is of material use, provided the situation in which the Pink cut- tings are inserted is a shady one. and the soil sandy and porous. In such a position I have not found it at all difficult to root cuttings of Pinks of many varie- ties. It is so very easy to obtain stocks of these by talcing the precaution to make the cuttings at the right time. The best seems to be just when the flowers are dying oft", as it may be in other cases too soon, and the cuttiDgs too sappy or too late, and the wood too hard. However, from the end of June till the middle of July is an excellent time, although this j ear, Pinks like everything else, are earlier rather than later. Pink cuttings will need very little making, if sharply pinched off; that is frequently enough ; but it is very little additional trouble just to trim off the base of each with a sharp knife, and dibble them into sandy soil so fast as made. If the position be beneath a north wall, other shading is not required ; but if the position be sunny, then some artificial shading should be furnished during the heat of the day, until roots are being made. We have now such a large number of sweet and beautiful Pinks, that a good collection may easily be had in any garden, not the large bursting flowers of the Mrs. Makins' type, but smaller and very profusely- borne ones, which are by far the best. Ordinarily, gardens furnish at the most two or three varieties. There should always be found from a dozen to twenty varieties. Pink plants the first year from cuttings, sometimes disappoint in not pro- ducing much bloom. They are engaged in establish- ing themselves then, but the second year they will bloom grandly. It should be the aim of gardeners not to foster old ragged clumps, but to have eveiy year several scores of two-year-old plants to bloom profusely. A. I), early FRUITS.— When at Nettlecombe Gardens on the 19ch, Mr. Elworthy told me he had gathered Peaches from trees of Alexander on the open wall — a thing he had never before been able to do. The flavour of the fruit was excellent. At the village of A'.combe, near Minehead, on June 24, Apricots and Citron de Carmes Pears have been gathered in a ripe condition. Everything thereabouts is very early, but the vegetation is suffering from the con- tinued drought. Minehead is naturally an early place, and large quantities of Potatos are grown there for shipping to Wales. T. H. Slade. It may interest you to hear that I picked a full-sized and quite ripe Alexander Peach yesterday (.June 25) from a tree five or six years old on an open south wall, and there are several more very nearly ripe. T. Woodham Mott, Much Hadham, Herts. ROOT-PRUNING.— What are the results of root- pruning in a season of drought like the present ? During the last few years I have planted some 200 Apple trees, and carefully tended them, so far as my ability went, on the newest principles — the result this year — failure of crop. In February I was congratulating myself on a magnificent crop, the trees showing bud wherever they could, and the bloom was thick and strong. Owing to the hot, sunny, dry days that we had, a good deal of this failed to set, but if even one- quarter bad set there would have been plenty of thinning to do. Much of the bloom dried up and shrivelled before setting ; nevertheless a fine set was secured, and I looked forward to a grand crop. For some time these trees, which are now six or seven years old, had, when the growth was over luxuriant, been root-pruned, and the roots shortened back to about 2 feet from the stem, and the ground made up with good loam and brick- rubbish, so as to encourage good fibrous roots, thus checking over - growth and encouraging fruit- bearing ; but the drought set in, and as I was not prepared to treat all these trees as pot-trees, and give copious supplies of water continually, the result has been dropping the fruit, and a plentiful crop of red-spider. Now, would not the result this year have been much better if I had left the roots to Nature, and allowed them to extend and gather 16 THE GAEEENEES' CHRONICLE. [Jolt 1, 1893. moisture from a larger extent of the surrounding •oil? Are we gettiDg too artificial in the culture of fruit for such a season as this ? I should be very glad to hear the experience of others on this subject, but from the result of this year I think root-pruniDg may be carried too far, and that the result may be loss of crop, unless one is pre- pared to treat the trees as pot trees, and water as such. For, of course, if the roots are cut back to, say, 2 feet from the stem, the tree is practically in the tame position as in a 4 foot pot or tub, as the roots have not bad time to push out into the new soil ; and if these trees bad been in such pots, they would have required copious watering at least twice a week duriDg such weather as we have had the last three months, which, of course, would not be pos- sible in a large orchard. I think this is a matter in which some of our fruit-growing experts should give ns their opinions. [We think so too. Ed.] Philip Crowley, F.L.S., F.H.H.S., IVaddon House, Croydon. VINEYARDS IN SOUTH WALES.— Reading an account in the Gardeners' Chronicle of June 24, p. 748, from the Wine Trades Review, about the earliness of the French Grape crop, I am reminded of the Castell Coch and Swanbridge vineyards belong- ing to the Marquis of Bute, which I saw lately. These vineyards are cultivated according to French methods, and give one the idea of a Hop garden. The Vines are very healthy, free from disease, and heavily cropped. Should we get autumn weather favourable to the ripening of the Grapes, the result will doubtless prove very satisfactory. The wine made here is excellent, as one may assume to be the caBe by the priceB obtained for some of it at recent sales. The management of the vineyards by Mr. A. Pettigrew leaves nothing to be desired. T. H. Crasp. BONES AS DRAINAGE FOR CHRYSANTHEMUMS IN POTS. — A few days since, a member of the National Chrysanthemum Society wrote to say that the plants of Chrysanthemums he was growing for exhibition appeared to be quite ruined, the broken bones he bad employed as drainage to the pots at the time of the final potting, three weeks previously, having become rotten and putrid, alive with mag- gots, and emitting a most noisome stench. He had taken the precaution to procure the bones from a well-known firm, and when received and in a dry Btate, they appeared to be an excellent sample. His object in writing to me was to get the fact ol his mishap made public, in the hope that It would deter others who bad not finally potted their plants from making a similar experiment. The matter appeared to be one of so much im- portance that I sent the letter on to an expert, Mr. Norman Davis, of Camberwell, and asked him if he could BuggeBt a remedy. In his reply, Mr. Davis said that such experience is unfortunately by no means uncommon, as he is continually hearing of plants of Chrysanthemums being spoilt by the inju- dicious use of compounds or material totally unfitted for the purpose for which it is recommended they should be employed. There is no doubt but that in this case the bones had been imperfectly prepared, or they would not have so soon become putrid. So far as the presence of maggots is concerned, they would cease to exist, but it is imperative that the bones be got rid of. There is no better remedy than to repot the plants, replacing the bones with a mix- ture of broken charcoal and old lime-rubbish, such as old plastering, as the presence of these in the soil will have a tendency to sweeten it. In addition, Mr. Davis advises watering the plants as soon as they are re-potted with luke-warm water, dissolving in each gallon employed half an ounce of common washing soda; this operation will tend to clear away any particles of sour fatty substance which may be adhering to the roots ; and then there is every pro- bability the plants will start into a healthy growth. Bones should never be used as crocks for drainage ; as, even when they have been properly prepared, they are liable to ferment, and foster the development of maggots. When mixed with the potting-soil, they are likely to prove advantageous. It is well to remember that many of the compounds sold as artificial manures need to go through a process of fer- mentation before the gases they contain can be made useful to the plants, and especially is this the case with the various preparations of fish, erroneously termed guano. Mr. Davis regards the proper crocking of pots as a matter of great importance, and he points out there is a tendeEcy in growers of Chrysanthemums in the present day to utilise the space hitherto occupied by crocks with some material which will act as drainage and supply plant food at the same time ; but without experience of their action, they should not be employed, lest they may seriously injure the plants. Mr. Davis considers charcoal as sometimes dangerous, inas- much as it will store up in itself some substances which, when liberated, may seriously injure the roots. Ii. Lean. THE 8EASON AND FRUIT.— May I send you a few dates and notes on Iruit and weather, now the most remarkable drought which I remember has come to an end, and the earliest season for fruit ripening, a month earlier than usual. A dish of William I. Peas, pods well filled, was gathered on April 16 in the open ground, sown January 19. A ripe Juneating Apple (ell on June 10 from an old tree which bears almost every year. The wind has now shaken down most of the remainder. First ripe, 1892, July 15 ; ditto, 1891, July 27. The first ripe fruit on a DoyennS d'Ete Pear, an oblique cordon on Quince, on a south wall, fell June 19 ; there are still some left on the tree. On June 21 a fruit of the Alexandra Early Peach was ripe on south wall without any protection. Lucombe Seed- ling Apples were a good size on June 12, and made a very good tart. The only frost in April was 23 (April 15), there was no frost in May. Monday, June 19, thermometer stood at 88° in the shade, and BARON SCHROHEK. Saturday 24, it had fallen to G6°. There has been no steady rain here between February 24 and June 25, but slieht showers fell on March 1, 6, 16. and 17; April 1 and 22; May 2 slight showers ; May 16 to 23 some nice showers — one night, a heavy shower fell, which refreshed the gardens and enabled ns to prick-out some seedling Broccoli and Sprouts. June 23 to 25, showers ; it rained in the evening of the 25th ; since which some nice rain has fallen, and there is now a tinge of green in some parts of the field. Cows have for many weeks had as much tub- meat as they have in winter. The ground in the garden is still as dry as dust at 1 inch below the surface. H. if., Plymouth. GARDENERS* ROYAL BENEVO- LENT INSTITUTION. On Thursday, June 22. there took place at the Whitehall rooms of the Hotel M&ropole, the fifty- fourth annual festival of the Gardeners' Royal Bene- volent Institution, Baron Sir Henry Schroder in the chair. The guests present numbered some 120 gentle- men, and included Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Lord Teynham, Rev. W. Wilks, Master of the Gardeners' Company, Mr. H. J. Veitch, Treasurer of the Institution, Mr. P. Crowley, Mr. John Lee, the oldest member of the Executive and auditor of the Institution, Mr. Schlusser, Mr. W. Bull, Mr. 0. Thomas, Mr. G. Paul, Mr. J. Cheal, Mr. H. Laing, Mr. G. Munro, Mr. Rivers, Mr. A. Turner, Mr. Moss, Mr, N. T. Sherwood, Mr. Adams, Mr. P. Crowley, Dr. Hogg, Mr, T. F. Peacock, and Mr. A. W. G. Weeks. The dinner over, the loyal toasts were proposed in graceful terms by the Chairman, who alluded to the fondness of the Royal family for flowers, and to the approaching Royal marriage. The toast of the evening, " Continued Success to the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution," followed. The chairman said that at first be had been inclined to eschew the honour of taking the chair that evening, as he felt he was no orator ; however, he was greatly interested in, and always had the goodwill of the Institution at heart, and resolved to give his testimony on its behalf. He took a great deal of interest in everything connected with horticulture. Despite the number of hospitals in that vast metropolis and its innu- merable charities, there was none that spoke so much to the heart as this one. He pitied the man who was not fond of flowers. They were man's companions alike in joy and sorrow, and the asso- ciations of flowers went with them through life to the end. He knew people who discarded diamonds, but not flowers. If this was their regard for flowers, what ought to be their feelings with regard to those who tended those flowers with loving bands night and day at the risk of their health — the gardeners ! Ought they not to do everything that lay in their power for them in their day of distress, and alleviate their necessities ? They ought to be thankful that such a society existed as the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution, which gave them an oppor- tunity of showing their gratitude. At the present time there were 150 pensioners and 1300 subscribers. One noticeable feature of the Institution was the encouragement that it gave to those gardeners who in their prosperous days subscribed .to its funds. A rule lately adopted gave a gardener who had been a subscriber for four years, fifty votes at an election, and subscribers for a longer period received proportionately a larger number of votes. The Chairman coupled with the toast the name of Mr. H. Veitch, the treasurer. The toast was most heartily received. Mr. Veitch, in his reply, spoke with much feeling, and alluded to the progress of the Institution, which, if sometimes slow, never stopped, and the smallness of present subscriptions was compensated by lessened expenses, but he con- tinued to look forward with hope. When he re- minded those around him that Mr. John Lee, the father of the Institution seldom failed to preside over its meetings, they might rest assured that every economy would be practised in its management. The pension list required £2700 yearly ; the fixed income, however, was only about £1000, so that the great need of a liberal response to the Chairman's appeal would be manifest. In the unavoidable absence of Dr. M. T. Masters, the next toast, that of " The Royal Horticultural, Royal Botanic, and kindred societies of Great Britain," was submitted by Mr. Arnold Moss. Sir Trevor Lawrence on behalf of the Royal Hor- ticultural Society, said that it and the other societies deserved well of the community ; but he confined himself to the Royal Horticultural Society, alluding to the success of the Temple Show and to the fort- nightly ^meetings; of difficulties overcome, and the increase in the number of its Fellows— 254 this year. The Rev. W. Wilks, M.A., offered the toast of " The Stewards and Officers " in a few brief sen- tences ; Mr. N. T. Sherwood responding in fitting terms. The Secretary, Mr. G. J. Ingram, announced the total of the evening's donations to amount to £1454. The donations included :— Baron Schroder, 50 guineas; Baroness Schroder, 50 guineas ; Messrs. Rothschild, 100 guineas; Mr. N. Sherwood, £100; Mr. Munro, £91 ; Sir Trevor Lawrence, 10 guineas; Mr. H. Williams, £35 ; Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, 20 guineas; the Vintners' Company, 10 guineas; Mr. Alma Tadema, 10 guineas ; and Mr. N. L. Cohen, 10 guineas. July 1, 1893.] THE GARDE NE R S ' C II R 0 NI CLE. 17 Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. Scientific Committee. June 20. — Present: Dr. M. T. Meters, in the chair; Messrs. Morris and McLachlaa, Dr. Miiller, Professor Oliver, Dr. Bonavia, and Rev. G. Henslow, Hon. Sec. Scale on " Retama." — Mr. Morris observed, with reference to this subject, brought before the last meeting, that the nunc of the Hetama is Cytisus nubigenus. It is the only ligneous plant growing on a platform, at an elevation of 8000 feet, on the Peak of Tenerirfe. The while of the plants were covered with the scale. Dr. Perez had noticed no instance of tliis scale insect appearing until Australian treea had been introduced into Teneriffe. Mr. Morris added that it has now appeared at Kew on the English Broom. Honcydew on Limes, — Mr. Morris remarked tha1; this had been so abundant on the Limes at Kew that t'le c-ment pavement below them had become quite slippery from the drip from the trees. Mr. Henslow added that he remembered a similar occurrence, from an Ash tree in a garden in Regent's Park li oad about the year 1878. Oranges in .Detwi.— Mr. Morris exhibited photo- graphs ol O.ange t ees growing and fruiting success- fully in arched recesses at Coombe Riyal, near Kingsbridge, Devon. They were protected in front during the winter. Cochineal in Tenerijje. — Mr. McLachlan raised the question of the cultivation of this insect in Teneriffe, as the industry appears to have decayed in conse- quence of the introduction of aniline dyes. Mr. Morris observed that it was somewhat reviving, as there was a certain demand for colouring fruit, pre- serves, &c. Dr. Miiller added that it would be always required as a source of carmine, as this colour cannot be replaced by any other known product. Thercva nobilitata in Celery.— Dr. Miiller exhibited grubs resembling wireworms, which were found in decayed Celery plants. Tuey proved to be those of a brown fly. This usually lives in rotten wood, but whether the grubs destroyed the Celery, or were feeding on the decayed roots, &c , was not clear. It was suggested that possibly they were carnivorous, as o*.her grubs had disappeared from the soil. Calochortus and Lily, monstrous — D.\ Binavia exhibited flowers, each consisting of two flowers united on one floral receptacle. An examination of the fibro-vascalar cords showed that these had arisen by chorisis from a normal stem. A propos of this, Mr. Henslow said that he had examined the cords in a germinating Cockscomb, and found that the multi- plication of the bracts and flower-buds arose in a similar way. The zone of cords being circular in section below, the cords rapidly increased in number by bifurcation above, one branch entering each bract, and a small cluster each flower-bud. Hence, fas- ciation would be better described as the effect of cauline chorisis, and not as a fusion of a number of independent buds, as the term seems to imply. A zollapinnata fruiting. — Mr. Greenwood Pim sent t' rough Dr. Masters, specimens in fruit. He writes — " f ue plants had been growing in the open air for two years in co. Wicklow, and had increased to a large extent. Two or three months ago a quantity was placed in a shallow peaty pool, which is now almost dry, laving only a few inches of water. In this the plant is producing fruit on almost every fully-deve- loped individual." Linaria repens x vulgaris.— Mr. Henslow showed specimens of this hybrid which has occurred sponta- neously near the station at Oxford, with the fol- lowing remarks received :— " L. repens was not known prior to 1889, when ballast was brought from Didcot. It appeared in 1800 side by side with L. vulgaris. In 1892 a complete chain of hybrids was found from L. repens, with a little yellow on the lip, to L. vulgaris, with the faintest stria) on the flower." RICHMOND HORTICULTURAL. June 28. — This is gen-rally one of the mist attrac- tive exhibitions amongst those held in the suburban districts of the metropolis, and upon the occasion under notice a large and comprehensive schedule included upwards of a hundred classes. A very large number of these, however, were for prizes oflvred by ladies and gentlemen living in the neighbourhood, and who aDpear to take a very lively interest in the Society. Four fairly spacious tents were erected, but owing to a number of entered exhibits failing to appear, at least two of these were not so well furnished as they might have been ; still, the exhibition was a pleasing one. The first open class was for a group of plants in or out of flower, arranged for effect, not to exceed 100 square feet. The 1st prize was given to Mr. II. E. Fordham, Twickenham, for a very pretty and bright group in a semi-circle. The groundwork of Ferns, Gloxinias, Streptocarpus, &c, was relieved with a few Liliums, Crotons, Palms, Hydrangeas, &c, the background being composed of Palms, Lilies, Crassulas, &c. 2nd, J. Marriott, Esq , Q leen's Road, Coventry (gr., Mr. W. Finch). Iu some reBpects a well-considered group, but the edging not suffi- ciently tasteful, and the pots rather more prominent than desirable. The 3rd prize was given to Mr. W. J. Brown, St. Mary's Nursery, Richmond, who had a group in many respects better than the 2ad prize exhibit, but the plants were rather too crowded in this case. For a group in a class for prize offered by Lady Whittaker Ellis, the 1st placs was taken by F. Wigan, Eiq., Clare La vn, East Sheen (gr., Mr. C. Want). J. Marriott, Esq , Queen's Iliad, Coventry, was successful in a class tor six stove and greenhouse plants in flower, distinct, Pelargoniums and Fuchsias excluded. This was regarded as th» principal class of the show, and the collection in question was of considerable merit, although the plant of Erica Thompsoni had but little bloom upon it ; Erica Par- menteriana and Phenocoma prolifera were very good, as also were the plants of Ixora Fraseri, Bougain- villea glabra, and Allamanda grandiflora. Mr. J. F. Mould, The Nursery, Pewsey, Wilts, who was 2ii, was much in front of the others. For a special prize offered by Sir Whittaker Ellis, for six Palms, not less than three varieties, there were several competitors, and the plants staged were large and good. W. Cunard, Esq., Orleans House, Twickenham, gr., Mr. .1. Symonds, was 1st, and for a prize offered by Miss Thuillier, Tudor House, Richmond, for a single specimen Palm, the same exhibitor was equally succersful. The Fuchsias were not noteworthy. In the open class for six distinct varieties, W. Canard, Eiq., was 1st. Foliage plants were well shown in the open divi- sion ; 1st, J. Marriott, Esq., for six, with good and large plants of Kentia australis, Livistonachinensis, Kentia Belmoreana, Croton Qieen Victoria, Aspa- ragus plumosus nanus, and Cordyline iadivisa. A. Pears, Esq., Spring Grove House, Isleworth, was 2nd, and showed well. Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough, was 1st in the classes for show and decorative Pelargoniums, and for fancy varieties. His plants were in good condition. Orchids are never a great feature at Richmond, and in the class for six Exotics, there were but two exhibitors. The 1st prize going to H. Little, Esq., Barronshall, Twickenham (gr., Mr. A. Howard). He had a good plant of Laelia purpurata, and his Cattleya Mendeli, Olontoglossum vexillarium, Den- drobium suavissimum, and Vanda teres were all commendable. The same exhibitor was 1st for six Pelargoniums, zinal or bedding varieties: and 2ad for six Ivy-leaf Pelargoniums, distinct. Tne 1st prize for six Coleus was taken by W. Furze, Esq., Roselands, Teddington (gr., Mr. E. Coombs). For eight exotic Ferns, distinct, a 2nd prize was awarded to T. Cave. Esq., Qieensbury House, Rich- mond (gr., Mr. Wilks), with but medium-sized plants. Competition limited to Exhibitors Resident in the District. —Gloxinias were not at all up to the usual standard. The best nine were only awarded a 2ad prize ; and the best six for Messrs. Sutton & Sons' prizes, somewhat better, came from Mr. Smith, gr. to W. H. Plum, Esq., Isleworth. Only one lot of six Caladiums were presented, coming from Mr. Want, gr. to F. Wigan, Esq., Sheen; and Mr. Coomb3, gr. to W. Furze, Esq., Teddington, had the best six Coleus, good flat well- coloured plants. Of moderate dimensions were the exotic Ferns in the local class. Mr. Want being 1st with Lomaria gibba, Duvallia Mooreana, Adiantum formosum, &c. Tne class for six Liliums was poorly filled, only small plants of Harrisii being staged. Roses (open). — The fine collections from the trade growers, in competition for the prizes in the open classes, happily redeemed the Rise show from failure, as local flowers were poorly shown. In the class for forty-eight trebles, Mr. B. R. Cant gave a taste of the excellence of the Colchester flowers this season, being a good 1st. Amongst his best blooms, were A. K. Williams, Charles Lefebvre, Comtesse de Rainbaud. Reynolds Hole, Alfred Colomb, Dr. Andry, Marie Verdier, Merveille de Lyon, Madame de Watteville, Souvenir d'Eliae Vardon, The Bride, Ernest Metz, &c. Messrs. Paul & Sons, Cheshunt, were 2nd ; and Mr. W. Rumsey, Waltham Cross, 3rd. In the class for eighteen trebles, Mr. W. Mount, Canterbury, was 1st ; and Mr. W. Tajler had the only lot of twelve trebles. In the class for twelve blooms, one variety, II. P. 's, Mr. Perkins of Coventry had charming blooms of A. K. Williams ; Mr. Cant conrng 2nd with Reynolds Hole. In the corresponding class for Teas, Mr. Mount was 1st with The Bride, Mr. Cant following with Souvenir de S. A. Prince. In the amateurs' classes, Mr. R. E. West of R;igate was 1st with twenty-four single blooms, also with twelve blooms; Mr. Warwick, gr. to J. P. Kitchen, Esq., Hampton, being in each case 2nd. Of honorary collections, Messrs. Jackman & Sons, Woking, had a fine lot of blooms, as also had Messrs. J. Laing & Sons. Messrs. Perkins showed their new maroon-coloured Cactus Dahlia, a true form of this favourite class. Dinncr-talile decorations, though very much of the stereotype, order alwaj s present considerable attrac- tions here. In the class for three stands, Miss L. Hulson, Gunnersbury, was 1st, with ordinary epargneB, very charmingly dressed with Orchids, &c. MissC. Cole, Feltham, was 2nd, her stands being dressed with white and pink Carnations, Sweet Peas, grasses, &;. With two stands, Miss Cole was 1st, in this case using the yellow Sweet Sultan, Pinks, Sweet Peas, and grasses ; she also was 1st for a single stand ; also had the best basket, dressed with pink Carnations, purple Beech foliage, &c. Messrs. Perkins & Co., Coventry, had, as usual, the best and beautiful cascade bouquets ; and Miss E. L. Clarke had a superb basket ot Roses, crimson, cream, and yellow. Hardy Flowers were shown in great abundance by Messrs. W. Cutbush & Sons, Highgate, and in the competition for twenty-four bunches, Mr. Pi itchard v. .is a good 1st, with a beautiful lot, including Eryngiums giganteum and amesthystinum, Iceland Poppies, Gaillardias, Phloxps, Polemoniums, &c. ; Mr. Sage, Ham House Gaidens, was 2nd, having specially good Centaurea macrocephala, Campanula persicifolia Helenium pumilum, &c. Messrs. Cannell & Sons exhibited from Swanley a col- lection of fine flowers of their double and single Begonias. Fruit, — The best collection of six dishes came from Mr. Oiman, Ottershaw Park, Cbertsey, who had good Black Hamburgh and Buckland Sweetwater Grapes, Royal George Peaches, Brown Turkey Figs, Elruge Nectarines, and Hero of Lockinge Melon; Mr. Sage was 2nd. The best three bunches of black Grapes in the open class came from the same exhi- bitor; Mr. Ford, Clovelly, Hounslow, being 2nd with fair clusters ; and in the class for whites, Mr. Ford was 1st with fair Foster's Seedling. Mr. Oiman coming 2nd. In the local class for two bunches of blacks, Mr. Knowles, gr. to Miss Eger- ton, Roehampton. was 1st, and was also 1st in the class for whites. Mr. Sage took first place ia the class for four dishes of fruit, having black Ham- burgh Grapes, Figs, Rivers' Early Nectarine, and Melon. Strawberries were few, the best two dishes, good Oxonian and Sir J. Paxton. coming from Mr. Parsons, gr. to T. Twining, Esq., Twickenham. Mr. Simmonds, gr. to W. Cunard, Esq., Orleans House, had the best dishes of Peaches in good Belle- garde ; and the best Nectarines with Lord Napier. Of Melons Mr. Wilks was 1st, with a very small Hero of Lockinge; the same variety being 2nd, though small, the large fruits having no flavour. Vegetables were, for the season, very good. In the open class for twelve dishes. Mr. C. J. Waite, gr. to the Hon. Colonel Talbot, Esher, was 1st, having fine Asparagus, Magnum B mum Peas, Ashtop Fluke Potatos, Perfection Toma'.us. L viathan Beans. All Heart Cabbage, &c Mr. Wilkins, gr. to Lady Tneodora Guest, Blandford, was 2ad. but in the class tor prizes offered b/ Messrs. Sutton & Sons, K-ading, for nine dishes, he was a good 1st, having superb samples of Al Cucumbers, Magnum Binum Cauli- flowers, Duke of Albany Peas, &c. Mr. Waite was 2nd. The same order was seen in the competition for Messrs. James Carter & Co.'s prizes also for nine dishes. Whilst in another 18 THE GABDENEBS' 0HB0N1CLE. [July 1, 1893. local class Mr. G. H. Sage was 1st, having in bis collection some specially good Early Milan Turnips. Tomatos were excellent, handsome but not large. The best came from Mr. Simmonds. Very good collections for so late a period of the season came from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton, who had Cattleyas, Lselias, Cypripediums, &c. ; and Mr. H. Little, Twickenham, who had a fine lot of Cattleyas, Odontoglots, &c, including some large and excellent Palms. Messrs. Jno. Peed & Sons, Roupell Park Nurseries, Norwood Road, S.W., staged a very good group, but the centre was rather low. A few good Caladiums were included. Mr. Chas. Turner, the Royal Nurseries, Slough, had a group of Carnations, Germania and Souvenir de la Malmaison ; and also a group of Pelargoniums, in fine condition. Miscellaneous. — As usual at Richmond, the groups of plants in this section were numerous, and of exceptional attractiveness. Besides those mentioned above, a large group of ornamental foliage and flowering plants was staged by Mr. J. F. McLeod, gr. to J. P. Morgan, Esq., Dover House, Roehampton, S.W. The plants in this group deserve special mention for the extra-good culture represented. Large well-coloured Crotons, Cala- diums, Begonias, and an immense variety of plants of superior merit were tastefully arranged. Messrs. Jas. Veitch & SonB, Chelsea, had a large group of Lilium longiflorum. Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, had a group facing one of the entrances to the large plant- tent. The feature of the group was the collection of choice Begonias, single and double, it included. For the rest, it was remarkably gay and pleasing. Another group of miscellaneous plants was staged by Messrs. Puttock & Shepherd, nurserymen, Kingston-on-Thames. A large group of decorative foliage plants in the centre of one of the large tents, was staged by Mr. Wm. Iceton, nurseryman, Putney. GARDENING AND FORESTRY EXHIBITION. June 28. — The Second Rose Show of the season was held at Earl's Court on Wednesday, and the earliness of the season showed itself very plainly in the Tea and Noisette classes, which were not so strong in quality as those shown a fortnight ago. Besides the classes for Roses, and a few other miscellaneous classes, a few bad been arranged for fruit, and these brought a good display. In the first class, which was one for forty-eight Roses, distinct, single trusses, the prize went to a North Country firm, Messrs. II v kness & Sons, Bedale, Yorkshire, whose exhibitwae really very good. The blooms were large, fresh, and full, the colour in most cases being also good. Par- ticularly noticeable were Louis "Van Houtte, Dr. Andre, Heinrich Schultheiss, A. K.Williams, Edward Andry, Duchess of Bedford, Earl of Dufferin, and Marie Baumann. For twenty-four distinct Roses, three trusses of each, Mr. Frank Cant and Messrs. Harkness were declared equal lsts. Messrs. G. & W. H. Burch, of Peterborough, were 1st in the class for twelve, with specially large blooms of Her Majesty, and good specimens of Exposition de Brie, Etienne Levet, Ulrich Brunner, Fisher Holmes, &c. For twenty- four Teas or Noisettes, distinct, single trusses, Mr. B. R. Cant, of Colchester, took the 1st place. The blooms in this section were not very good, and appeared a little past their best. Mr. Geo. Mount, The Rose Nursery, Canterbury, was let in the class for eighteen, and amongst the most noteworthy were Madame Cusin, Marechal Niel, and Catherine Mermet. In the garden Roses, Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, took leading honours for eighteen very creditable bunches. W. A. Richardson, L'ld^al, Madame Pernet Ducher and Gustave attracted most attention. Twelve trusses of any dark Rose were best shown by Mr. B. R. Cant, who had extra good Alfred Colomb. The blooms were very large and full. Messrs. Perkins & Sons, Coventry, bad the beBt light Rose in same number in their Her Majesty, also very fine. In the Tea and Noisette class, H. V. Machin, Esq., Gateford Hill, Worksop, was the best with Souvenir de S. A. Prince, but none of the Teas can be described as exceptional. Coming to the amateur classes, we found a very creditable lot from E. B. Lindsell, Esq , Bearton, Hitchin, who took 1st prize for twenty-four H P.'s, distinct, single trusses, showing fine Marie Baumann, Alfred Colomb, Earl Dufferin, &c. The Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Havering-atte-Bower, Essex, took the corresponding position in the class for twelve H.P.'s, three trnsseB of each. His best were Her Majesty, Chas. Lefebvre, and A. K. Williams. For twelve distinct H.P.'s, single trusses, the pre- mier position was taken by the Rev. Hugh A. Berners, Harkstead Rectory, Ipswich. The same position, that for eighteen Teas and Noisettes dis- tinct, was taken by Henry V. Machin, Esq. The blooms were rather small, but otherwise were fair. The Rev. A. Berners showed the best twelve Teas, and showed much better blooms than those in the larger class. A large group of Roses was staged by Messrs. W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, and in- cluded a new Noisette Madame Pierre Cochet, in colour between W. A. Richardson and Madame Falcot. Miscellaneous and Fruit, Mr. T. Bones, Heaston Gardens, Cheshunt, took 1st prize for twelve bunches of cut Gloxinias, three blooms in a bunch. Mr. T. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, was the only exhibitor in the class for a group of Begonias, arranged for effect, to occupy a space 12 feet by 8 feet. This was a very showy group, and contained some well-grown examples of the double and single sections, but it appeared to us insuf- ficiently relieved by the usual Ferns, &c, which generally accompany such groups. Mr. Anthony Waterer, Knap Hill Nursery, near Woking, showed a new hardy Spiraea called Anthony Waterer. It has a flower much deeper in colour than S. palmata, and the iuflorescence is less pyra- midal tijan that variety. A group of Clove Carna- tions was staged by Mr. J. Walborn, Cedars Nursery, West Kensington. The fruit present was of very good quality, most of it gaining in colour from the unusual amount of sunshine. Mr. J. Mclndoe, Hutton Hall Gardens, took the first position in the class for six dishes, and showed Black Hamburgh, and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Brown Turkey Fig, Grosse Mignonne Peach, Stan- wick Elruge Nectarine, and Pear Clapp's Favourite. For three dishes of Black Grapes, those from Mr. Thos. Osman, the Gardens, Ottershaw, were best, — Black Hamburgh, of good colour, and fair in bunch and berry. Mr. Mclndoe was 1st for three bunches of white, showing Muscat of Alexandria. Mr. H. Poulton, gr. to C. T. Cayley, Esq., Ivy Mount, Lewisham, bad the best three Melons, show- ing very prettyjfruits of Hero of Lockinge ; and also the best single fruit, with Gunton Orange. Peaches were well shown, the 1st prize going to Mr. C. Stocking, gr. to Walpole Greenwell, Esq , Marden Park, Caterham Valley, who had large fruits of Bellegarde. Mr. W. H. Divers, gr. to J. T. Hop- wood, Esq., Ketton Hall, Stamford, who was 2nd, had rather smaller but finer-coloured fruits, and of a better shape. Mr. W. Robins, gr. to Colonel Lee, Hartwell House, Aylesbury, had the best Necta- rines, showing large well-coloured fruits of Spencer. Amongst several competitors for Figs, Mr. W. Allans, gr, to Lord Suffield, Gunton Park, Norwich, took the lead, with a dish of Negro Largo. J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, South Wood- ford, Essex, was 1st for two dishes of Cherries, distinct. Mr. W. Allan was 1st in the class for three dishes of Strawberries, showing large fruits of Gunton Park ; and also in the class for one dish, with the same variety. Amongst the groups and collections sent, " but not for competition," was a collection of fruits from Messrs. T Rivers & Son, Sawbridgewortb. This included Peaches Alexander, Amsden June, Wa- terloo, and a wonderfully large seedling, of which Bix fruits were shown, the largest weighing fifteen ounces. Cherries were present in twelve varieties. Mr. S. Mortimer, Rowledge Nursery, Farnham, had three dozen Melons, which were associated with a large number of branches of Stephanotis, which certainly conveyed no sense of congruity, but were inter- esting as showing very exceptional freeness in flowering. Mr. T. Berridge, gr. to T. Unwin, Esq., Norwood Lodge, Southall, showed Tomato plants and shoots in several varieties ; and a collection of twelve dishes of Tomatos was staged by Messrs. Fellowes & Ryder, Northumberland Nursery, Orpington, Kent, as well as fine dishes of an apparently good Tomato, Duke of York. Mr. G. Featherbv, The Vineries, Gillingbam, Kent, showed fine Black Hamburgh Grapes, some Tomatos, and Carter's Model Cucumber. Messrs. P. Barr & Sons, King Street, Covent Garden, showed a collec- tion of cnt hardy flowers, including some varieties of Poppies. A collection of Delphiniums came from Mr. Jno. Forbes, Hawick, N.B, The Weather. [By the term " accumulated temperature" is meant the aggregate amount, as well as the duration, of degrees of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is expressed in Day- degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours. J Temperature. RAINFALL. Bright SUH. •8 ¥ Accumulated. a 9 Cb i s a ■ 9M A 9 W s • a t| ^ 9 Is J ■° \ « A . *s 9 1 ® Ss Vpd a as >» - a a »-» 9 9 9 rf m1? i 2 a o 9 A U 3 . « a 9 • 9 on to* lS'S2 9 o a 9 J o "3 Is* + p ^ « O a "3 3 II £ B II • ■4 m H * o< Day- Day- Day- Day- lot hs deg. deg. deg. deg. Inch. Ins. 0 0 aver 80 0 + 341 — 57 3 — 103 18-0 20 27 1 1 + 99 0 + 260 — 21 10 + 83 103 24 33 ■i 2 + 111 0 + 279 — 62 1 + 69 76 25 37 3 1 T 123 0 + 343 — 37 0 aver 69 7-1 37 44 « 2 + 126 0 + 445 — 47 1 — 68 7 5 38 42 {. 3 + 136 0 + 387 — 43 1 — 64 7-4 44 46 6 1 + 93 0 + 353 — 63 2 — 83 14-7 41 37 ; 2 + 116 0 + 431 — 91 0 aver 72 9.7 26 37 B 4 + 137 0 + 486 - 70 3 — 67 111 70 50 9 1 + 106 0 + 373 — 104 4 — 88 11-6 41 31 10 2 + 123 0 + 422 — 100 4 — 76 12-3 49 36 » i + 146 0 + 854 — 52 4 — 70 89 77 57 The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following : — 0. Scotland, N. Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, E.; 2, England, N.E. ; 3, England, E. ; 4, Midland Counties; 5, England, including London, S. Principal Grazing, Sjc, Districts— i, Sootland, W. ; 7, England, N.W.j 8, England. S.W. ; 9, Ireland, N. ; 10. Ireland. S. ; • Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending June 24, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather continued fine and dry generally during the earlier part of the period, but some thunder and lightning, accompanied by slight local rain occurred at some south-eastern and southern stations. After the middle of the week, however, the conditions became unsettled and rainy at nearly all stations, the fall experienced in the east of Scotland being decidedly heavy. " The temperature was considerably above the mean during the early days, but fell very suddenly on the 19th to 20th, and became somewhat low for the time of year. The average values for the whole week just equalled the normal in the north of Scotland, and slightly exceeded it in most other districts ; in ' England, S.W. and the Channel Islands,' however, the excess amounted to 4°. The highest of the maxima occurred on the 18th in the northern and western districts, and on the 19th in the south and east ; they were very high generally, ranging from 91° in 'England, S.,' and 90° in 'Eng- land, S.W. and Scotland, E.,' to 81° in 'Scotland, W.' and over Ireland, and to 79° in ' Scotland, N.' The lowest of the minima were recorded either on the 23rd or 24th, and ranged from 39° in ' Scotland, W.,'and 41° in ' England, S.W.,' to 45° in ' England, E. and N.E.,' and to 52° in the ' Channel Islands.' " The rainfall greatly exceeded the mean in ' Scotland, E ,' and just equalled it in ' England, E. and N.W. ;' in all other districts there was again a deficit, although the amount recorded over our south-eastern and central counties was more con- siderable than any experienced in those localities for many weeks past. " The bright sunshine again exceeded the mean in Ireland and the greater part of England, but was below it in the north and east of Scotland and the northern and north-eastern parts of England. The percentage of the possible duration ranged from 77 in the ' Channel Islands.' and 70 in ' England, S.W.,' to 49 in ' Ireland, S.,' 44 in ' England, S.,' and to 20 in ' Scotland, N.' " July 1, 1893.] THE GARDENERS9 CHRONICLE. 19 Markets, CO VENT GAEDEh, June 29. Mabket again well supplied. A brisk business doing, with prices easier. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. t. d. t. d. t. d. t. d. 0-12 0 Hydrangea, per doz.12 0-24 0 0-30 0 Ivy Geranium, doz. 4 0-60 6-21 0 Lilium Harrisii ...18 0-30 0 0-6 0 Lobelia, per doz. ...30-60 0-6 0 Marguerite, per doz. 6 0-12 0 0-42 0 Mignonette, per doz. 0-10 0 pots 4 0-60 0-fiO Musk, per doz 20-40 0-21 0 Nasturtiums, p. doz. 4 0-60 0-9 0 Palms, various, each 2 0-10 0 — specimens, eachlO 6-84 0 0-8 0 Pelargonium, p. doz. 8 0-12 0 6-7 6 — scarlet, p. doz. 3 0-60 0-42 0 Saxifrage, per doz. 13 0-18 0 0-9 0 Adiautum, per doz. 6 Aspidistra, per doz. 15 — specimen, each 7 Calceolaria, per doz. 4 Cockscombs, per doz. 4 Crassula, per doz. ..,18 Cyperus, per dozen 4 Dracaena, each ... 1 Erica, various, doz. 9 Ferns, various, doz. 4 Ferns, small, per 100 5 Ficus elastica, eaoh 1 Foliage plants, doz.12 Fuchsia, per doz. ... 6 Out Flowers.— Average Wholesale Pbioes. *. d. t.d. Arum, per doz. bl. ... 2 0-40 Aster (French), bun. 2 0-26 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 6-10 Calceolaria, doz. bun. 4 0-60 Carnation, doz. bun. 4 0-90 — dozen blooms 16-40 Cornflower, 12 bun. 10-30 Eucharis, per dozen 3 0-40 Gardenia, per dozen 10-30 Heliotrope, per doz. sprays Iris, doz. bunches ... Lilium candidum, p. bunch — lancifolium, p. bunch — Harrisii, p. doz. 3 0-50 Maiden Hair Fern , 12 bunches ... 4 0- 6 0 Marguerite, p. doz. bunches 16-30 0 4 0 6 6 0-12 0 16-40 3 0-40 t.d. t.d. Pansy, per doz. bun. 10-20 Orchids : — Cattleya, 12 blms. 6 0-12 0 Odontoglossum orispum,12blms. 2 0-60 Pelargoniums, scar- let, p. 12 bun. 4 0-60 — 12 sprays ... 0 6-09 Pink, various, 12 bun. 2 0-60 Poppy, doz. bunches 16-40 Primula, dble. p. bun. 0 6-10 Pyrethrum, 12 bun. 2 0-60 Roses, doz. bunches 3 0-80 — Tea, per dozen 0 6-20 — coloured, dozen 2 0-40 — yellow (Mare- chals),perdoz. 16-60 — red, perdozen... 10-16 Spireea, 12 bunches... 3 0-60 Stocks, per bunch ... 0 4- 0 6 Sweet Sultan, 12 bun. 2 0-4 0 Tuberose, 12 blms. U 6- 1 0 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0-40 Myosotis, 12 bunches 2 0-30 Orchid-bloom in variety. Fbuit.— Average Wholesale Pbioes. f, d. t. d. Apples, Tasmanian, per case 2 6-86 Cherries, half-sieve, 4 0-70 Currants, black, Jsve. 4 6-49 — red, do. ... 3 0-36 Cobs, per 100 lb Gooseberries, half-sve. 16-20 t.d. t.d. Grapes, per lb. ... 1 0- 2 0 Lemons, per case ...12 0-20 0 Peaches, per doz. ... 3 0- 9 0 Pine-appleB, St. Mi- chael 2 0-50 Oranges, per case ...20 0-30 0 Strawberries, per lb. 0 3-16 Vegetables. — Average Retail Pbioes. i. d. t. d. Beans, French, lb. ... 16-20 Beet, red, per dozen 2 0-30 Carrots, per bunch... 0 4-06 Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3-06 Cucumbers, each ... 0 4-08 t.d. t.d. Mushrooms, punnet 2 U- Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 4- ... Parsley per bunch... 0 3-06 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Endive, per dozen ...20-30; Tomatos, per lb. ... 0 6- 1 0 Herbs, per bunch ... 0 9-10 Turnips, per bunoh... 04-06 Lettuces, per doz. ... 1 6- 2 0 [ POTATOB. New Potatos.— Jerseys, fair trade, 6j. to 95. per cwt.; Cberbourgs, Flukes, 6s. to 7s. 6d.; Kidneys, 7s. to 75. Qd.i English Kidneys, 105. to 125. J. B. Thomas. Notices to Correspondents. Books: E. P. The Australian Handbook for 1892. (London : Gordon & Gotcb, St. Bride Street, Ludgate Circus, E.C.) Carnations: T. R. D. Badly affected with eel- worme. Burn the plants. Tnrn out the soil, and start afresh. CfFLOGTNEs, Dendrobiem : Isosoma. The effects of bad cultivation, in addition to sour materials and want of proper drainage, probably. The Eucharis bulbs seem to have got the bulb-mite, but from the miserable scraps sent we cannot be certain. Please send bulbs for our inspection. Foxglove with a campanttlate terminal Flower : E-LYv£l-GTiA>* -r, London'^ TRADE MARK. t-CLAY s TOR Having the re- spective Trade Mark printed on each packet and bag, and im- \ gfig pressed on the lead seal attached to the g| mouth of each bag, which is TTtADE MARK. . THE ONLY CUARANTEE OF GENUINENESS. These well-known MaDureB are used by the Leading Growers, Royal Botanic Society, Royal Horticultural Society, Royal Parks. Loudon County Council, throughout the United Kingdom, and in every quarter of the Globe. Sold by Seedsmen, F'orists. and Nurserymen, in 6d. and Is. Packet?, and SEALED BAGS. 7 lb. 14 lb. 2s. 6d. 4s. 6d. 28 1b. 7s. 6d. 561b. 12s. 6d. 112 1b. 20s. Or direct from the Works, in Is. PACKETS, Post free, or R.tKS of either size, Carriage Paid (as sample), in the United Kingdom for Cash with order as above. Prices and Samples of CRUSHED BONES in Various Sizes on Application. CLAY & SON, Manure Manufacturer?, Bone Crushers, &c , TEMPLE MILL LANE, STRATFORD. LONDON, E. PEARSONS' CHEMICAL MANURE. This Manure has dow been before the public for five years, and has, from its intrinsic merits, almost without advertising, forced its way into the front rant. Extensive trials during above period have convinced us, that for efficiency and cheap- i e s, there is nothing in the market to touch it; we having employed it with the fullest success upon Vines and other > rui t Trees, Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Chrysanthemums, and almost all kinds of Greenhouse Plants. This opinion is sup- po t*-d by all the gardeners who have tried it, all being emhusiastic iu its praise. Per ton. £16 ; per cwt., 20s. ; £ cwt., 12s. ; 28 lb., 7s. 14 ID.. 4s. ; 7 lb , 2s. 6d. Sample Tins, Is 3a. Half cwt. and upwards sent Carriage Paid to any Station in England, Scotland, or Wales. Circular, containing further details, instructions, and testi- monials, free on application. J. R. PEARSON & SONS, CH1LWELL, NOTTS. p BEESON'S MANURE, composed of blood Vy« and bone. Tee best Fertiliser for all purposes. Sold in tins, Is., 2s. erf., and 5s. 6d. ; also in air-tight bags, £ cwt., 6s. ; 1 cwt., 10s. Full directions for use sent with each tin and bag. 1 cwt. and above sent carriage paid ; cash with order. C. BEESON, Bone Mills. St. Neot's, Hunts. To Nurserymen, GardenerB, &c. WANTED, the above to try SPENCER'S NEW FERTILISER, there being no acids or chemicals used in the manufacturing of this Fertiliser. Prize growers of hardwood plants and root crops will find this the only thing wanting, it being the most genuine and powerful Forcer yet introduced. Can be used in powder or dissolved in water— a special advantage. Sample cwt. bag sent to any pirt, carriage paid, 205. Analyst report with each parcel. Apply. I. SPENCER. 54, Spring Street. Hull, Yorkshire. BONES 1 BONES ! ! BONES ! ! ! Any size from dust to 1 inch. Distolved Bone Compound, for Top-dressing. All at 10s. per cwt. ; less quantity. IJd. per lb. Carriage paid on 1 cwt. Terms, Cash with Order. Special quotations for large Buyers. E. S. WILES AND CO., Bone Crushers, St. Albans. STANDEM'S MANURE (PATENT). Acknowledged to be unrivaled for Efficiency and Economy, as most satisfactory and lasting results follow the application of the smallest quantity. In new and enlarged Tins, 6d., Is., 2s 6rf , and 5s. 8*. each ; and in Kegs. 281b., 10s. 6d. j 56 lb., 18s. ; 1121b., 3is. each. Sold by all Nurserymen and Seedsmen. SOLE MANUFACTURERS - CORRY & CO., Limited, Horticultural Sundries Merchants and Manufacturer, 13, 15, and 16, FINSBTJRY STREET, LONDON, E.C. CONCENTRATED MANURE. GLOBE FERTILISER. When using this Fertiliser for Flowers, Fruits, and Vege- tables, results are marvellous. Plants grown in the open air are equal in Bloom and Beauty to those grown in hothouses. Sold by Seedsmen, Id. and 2d. Packets ; Is. 6d.. 2s. &d., 6s., and 10«. in Bags, or from the Sole Manufacturers, Carriage Paid. Cash with Order. GLOBE MILL COMPANY, Stratford Market. London, E. FIR-TREE OIL SOLUBLE INSECTICIDE. The most pleasant and reliable of all insecticides for destroy- ing insects on plants, animals, and birds. Thousands of testimonials received from all parts of the world. Bottles, Is. 6d., 2s. id., 4s. 6d., 7s. id., and 12s. id. ; in bulk, lis. per gallon, with full directions for use. Wholesale from all Horticultural Dealers. E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES. Victoria St.. MANCHESTER. NEW YORK-ROLKER AND SONS. GARDENS INCOMPLETE WITHOUT THE"ST0TT" PATENT DISTRIBUTOR, IMPROVED GARDEN ENGINES, PATENT SYRINGE, LAWN SPRINKLER, PATENT SPRAYER. THE BE3T IN'SECTICIDE :— KILLMRIGHT. THE BEST FERTILIZER:— FEE D M R I G H T, FROM SEEDSMEN, NURSERYMEN, AND THE "STOTT" DISTRIBUTOR CO , Ltd., MANCHESTER. FOWLER'S GARDENERS' INSECTICIDE. — Established twenty-five year?, thoroughly destroys all inject life and mildew in plants generally; will not stain or injure any more than plain water. In jars, li. 6d., 3s., 5s. 6d., and 10s. each; and in kegs, 28 lb.. 21s.; fit} lb.. 42*.; 112 lb., 84s. each. Sold by all Seedsmen.— CORRY and CO., Limited, 13, 15, and 16, Finsbury Street, London, E.C. RICHARDS' WEED DESTROYER. Every gallon guaranteed above the usual standard strength. Prepared at one of the largest chemical works in London. As at present so largely used in the Royal Gardens, Frogmore, Waddesdon, Trtntham. Luton Hoo, and many other Gardens and Parks too numerous to mention. Directions for use, price, and full particulars, post-free. G. H. RICHARDS, Sole Manufacturer, Old Shot Tower Wharf, Lambeth, London, S.E. Trade supplied on best terms. MMMiMmm The only existing remedy that CURES and PREVENTS Mildew, Oidium. Black Rot, and other Cryp- togamic Diseases of the Potato, Tomato, Beetroot, Vegetables, Vine, Roses and other Flowers, Fruit Trees. Mould in Hops, &c, F0STITE raises the Vegetation, destroys Caterpillars, Fleas, Leaf Lice, Slugs, and all other Vermin on Plants. Effective Distributors also sold. A child can perform the powdering. Prospectus free on application. Sole Shipper and Manufacturer — JEAN SOUHEUR, ANTWERP (Belgium). \ Reliable Buying Agents wanted everywhere. TOMATO DISEASE. Save your Crops by Using SMITH'S "PREVENTION." Sold in Cans, with full oirections for use : — No. I. sized Can ... 5s. | No. II sized Can ... 9s. Qd. No. III. sized Can 18s. Once usel always used. Medium-sized Can clears a 100- feet hout>e for the season. Sole Manufacturers : — SMITH BROS., Gordon Nurseries, Enfield. GISHURST COMPOUND, used since 1859 for Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other blight ; 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water, 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house trees, in lather from cake, for American blight, and as an emulsion when paraffin is used. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. 6d, GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, 6rf. and Is. from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. SAVE HALF THE COST. BEDFORDSHIRE COARSE AND FINE Is admitted by the leadingNurserymen to be the Best Quality obtainable in the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Prico free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost proynptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. All kinds of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bag sent on application to GEO. GARSIDE, Jun., F.R.H.S.. Lelghton Buzzard, Beds. EPPS'S^4 PEAT, For ORCHIDS, STOVE PLANTS, Hardwood do., Ferns and Rhododendrons, by Back, yard, ton, or truckload. SPECIAL ORCHID PEAT, io sack only. Rich fibrous MUM. superior LE* F-MD, CHARCOAL, C. N. FIKRE REFUSE, fresh SPHAGNUM, PatentMANURES, FERTILISERS, INSEC- TICIDES,andallother Garden Requisites. Peat Moss Litter. The Original Peat Depot. RINGWO0D, HANTS. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. SEND FOB A PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade. H. G. SMYTH, 21, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LANK. W.O THE FRUIT GARDEN of the UNIVERSE —THE AUSTRALIAN IRRIGATION COLONIES (Chaffey brothers), established and regulated by Government, OFFER an enjoyable Life and OCCUPATION, a tunny and salubrious Climate, and most highly remunerative returns to Cultivators with small or large Capital. Pamphlet free. CHAFFEY BROTHERS, Limited. 35, Queen Victoria Street, London. E.C. J. E. M. Vincent, Chief Commissioner. Jut* 1, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 21 HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock pj AQQ always on Hand. vJX-ix\OOi Special quotations for quantities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At lowest possible prices. NICH0LLS& CLARKE, 6, HICH STREET, SKOREDITCH, LONDON, E. HILL & SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. (Registered Trade Mark.) An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost. Used in all the London Parke, at Windsor, and Kew Gar- dens, and on every important estate in t)ie Kingdom. Has stood the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be applied cold by any ordinary labourer. Price Is. dd. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage paid to any railway station. It. &d, per gal. in casks of 36, 18, or 9 gals. n A Trm Tf\ at Every Cask bears the above UA U 11 UJ\, Registered Trade Mark. Beware of cheap imit.'itiouB. HILL & SMITH, Brierley Ironworks, Dudley ; 118. Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. 47, Dawson Street, Dublin. IRON HURDLES, FENCING, GATES, &o. LISTS FREE. MERRYWEATHER & SONS have a good Selection of Hand- Worked Fire Engines (new and second-hand), from 4 to 30 men- power — suitable for all kinds of Watering Fruit Gardens, Planta- tions, &c. Write or call, 63, Long Acre, and Greenwich, London, S.E. HEATING APPARATUS BUy D//*£CT FROM, ^•ROB/^ stourbridge, ' Free. ;ironvio*5 ,0T THE IMPROVED 'ANSION JOINT WATER PIPES 'TELEGRAMS :- "ALPHA"' 'BRETTELL-LANE m 'T .;■. 'vatIrJ0^ BEST LAWNJVIOWERS & MARKET. THE "INVINCIBLE." (Saml. Edwards' Patent). m ,g The "VICTOR." REDUCED FRICE=. Winner of the ONLY GOLD MEDAL In open competition. May be had from all Ironmongers, or the Sole Makers, JOHN CROWLEY & GO., LIMITED. SHEFFIELD. GREAT REDUCTION in FRAMES OUR WELL-KNOWN MAKE. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. These Frames are made of the Best Materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Sizes and Prices, Glazed and Painted. £ s. Might, 4 ft. by 6 ft.. 8 ft. by 6 ft. . . 12 ft. by 6 ft... 16 ft. by 6 ft... 20 ft. by 6 ft... 24 ft. by 6 ft. . . CASH PRICES, CARRIAGE PAID. Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS. MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. i.ondrtnJ4^PTi;,Mr.H.SKFLTOS.Seedsman.&c.,-J.HollowayRd.,N. PICTURESQUE NATURALISTIC ROCK FORMATION, FOR VINTER GARDENS iXD FERNERIES ; VATER FAL LS STREAMS, LAKES, VASES FOUNTAINS. K E R B I N G. BALUSTRADES TERRACES, &o. TERRA COTTA, LhiraJnlxtu Guaranteed ^Q»tS^^"V>Nm STOURBRIDGE, For GREENHOUSES and OTHER BUILDINGS. Catalogue and Estimates Free. FOR SALE, BARKED NETTING, mesh $ inch square, to keep Birds from any kind of Fruit or Garden Produce, or Seeds. For price per acre, fathom, or yard, apply to — S. E. MARTYN, Treremper. Newquay. Cornwall. ORCHID PEAT; Best Quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices of WALKER AND CO., Farnborough, Hants. CCOTT'S WASP~DESTROYE R~lias stood ^J many years teat as the only effec'ual protection for Fruit Trees, &c, from Wasps and Flies. Price Is RA," Garaeners* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington St., Strand, W.C. WANTED, a GERMAN PROPAGATOR and GENERAL FOREMAN, with Market-work experience, for a good permanent situiticn in a large place in Belgium. May be married.— Write stating wages required, and viost accurately, former situations occupied, to H. V. P., Gardeners' Chronic'e Office, 41, Wellington St., Strand. W.C. WANTED, a PROPAGATOR, under a Fore- man ; used to Ericas, New Holland Plauts, Genistas, and Rose Grafting.— State age, wages, &c, by letter, to WM. CUTBUSri and SON, The Nurseries, Barnet. Y\7ANTED, a FOREMAN (Departmental).— H Well up in Growing choice stuff for Cu' Blooms for Market, Eacharis, Orchids, Chrysanthemums See. — H. DICKINSON, >hardlow, near Derby. WANTED, an industrious MAN, with good character, to Grow Palms, Ferns, Chrysanthemums, Solanums, Cucumbers, &c ; 205. per week. ALSO, TWO young MEN, Btrong and willing, 15s. per week.— E. VAN DER MEERSCH, Queen's Nursery, Selhurst, S.E. WANTED, for a Large Private Place in the South, a young MAN, well acquainted with the GrowiDg of Herbaceous Plants, Also, ooe well up in Nailing and Pruning Wull Trees and Growing Roses. — Apply by letter, stating age and experience, also wages required, to WM. CUTBUSri AND SON, Highgate Nurseries, Loudon, N. WANTED, a KNIFEMAN, quick at Budding and Grafting Fruit Trees. Permanent situation.— State age, wages, &c„ to MANAGER. 1, Orchard Villas, West Drjytou. Middlesex. \\T ANTED, by a Gentleman, a JOURNEY- VV MAN UARDENER (SlMiLK HANDED), with good experience, lu-jtde and Out. Siugle man prelerred. — Apply by letter, A., North's Library, West Brighton. WANTED, an INVOICE CLERK, with a knowledge of the Trade— Apply, stating experience, &c, and salary expected, to WM. FELL and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Hexham. WANTED, a BOY for the Garden; one accustomed to the work, &c. — Apply, with full par- ticulars to M. ASCOUGH, The Vineries, Crosahills, Keighley. WANTED, a young LADY, Indoors, for Midlands. Must be quick at Wreaths and Bouquets, making a good Window-dresser. Apply, stating wages ex- pected, with copies of Testimonials, to E. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANT PLACES. TO GARDENERS AND OTHERS SEEKING SITUATIONS. Advertisers are cautioned against having letters addressed to initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. The pressure upon our space at this season of the year is so great, we are compelled to state that advertisements received after 6 P.M. on Wednesday will, in all probability, be held over to the next week. F SANDER and CO. oan reoommend • several highly qualified and energetic HEAD and UNDER GARDENERS, of excellent character, and proved ability; men thoroughly fitted for all the various duties of their profession. For all particulars, please apply to — F. SANDER AND CO.. St. Albans. GARDENERS.— JOHN LAING and SONS, having filled many important places, can recommend with every confidence energetic and practical men of tested ability and first-rate character. Noblemen, Ladies and Gentlemen in want of Head Gardeners or Gardeners for first- rate Establishments, or single-handed situations, can be suited, and have full particulars by applying to us. No fees charged. JOHN LAING AND SONS, The Nurseries, Forest Hill, and Catford, Kent. RICHARD SMITH and UO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DICKSONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester, are always in a position to RECOMMEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their busi- ness. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address— " DICKSONS, CHESTER." GARDENER (Head).— A. Young, Gardener to J. P. C. Musters, Esq., Annesley Park, Notts, can with confidence recommend his Foreman, John Charlton, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good and trustworthy man. Good Fruit and Flower Grower. /GARDENER (Head), where help is given. — KIT Age 34, married ; understands Vines, Fruit, Flower?, and Kitchen Gardening. Ten years' good character, J. DOIDGE, Chantry, Ipswich. Suffolk. GARDENER (Head).— Age 44, married. Long practical experience in the management of good establishments. Highest references, and ten years' character from last employer. — H. COOK, Lincoln Road, Dorking. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept. — Age 32, married, two children; six years' highest reference from late employer as Heatou, High Street, Kenley, Surrey. July 1, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 23 GARDENER (Head Working).— Stephen Castle F.B.H.S., has on his Register a first-class Man, ■whom he can' thoroughly recommend. Character and re- fers goS. ALSO, an UNDER GARDENER (age 32). for private place, of good abilities and reference.— Ashford \ ine- yard, Fordingbridge, Salisbury. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 47, married, no family. Thoroughly practical in all branches. Wife good laundress. Highest recommendations. —J., 4, Trehern Road, Mortlake, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30 ; twelve years' experience in good Gardens. Good refer- ences — W.L., 5, Little Elm Place, Fulham Road, London, S. W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married, three children. The Hon. Mrs. Portmax wishes to recommend the above. Thoroughly understands all his duties. Ten years' excellent character.— J. A., 13, VVitley Road, Upper Holloway, London, N. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32, married; experienced in all branches, Glass and Out- side. Good character, personal if desired. DiseDgaged.— H. A. W., 263, King Street, Hammersmith, W. GARDENER (Single-handed, or where two are kept).— Age 22; experieiced in Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Garden ; good character from present employer; abstainer.— CHAS. WAUGH, Lynn Street, Dairy, Ayrshire. GARDENER (Single-handed, or Second). —Age 25; good character. Four years in last situa- tion.—G. H. PATTINSON, Little Pen Moel, Woodcroft, Chepstow, Glos. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where help is given.— Single ; thorough practical man. Five years present situation, two and a half previous with the late Mr. John Day. of Tottenham. Well recommended by W. HOUGHTON, Esq., 20, Granville Road, Waltoamstow. Essex. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 23, married when suited. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good references. Abstainer. Willing to be useful.— H. WAYLING, 171, London Road, West Croydon. GARDENER (good Single-handed, or where be!pi9 given). — Age 25 ; good reference and experience. —ROSE, Mrs. Fletcher, News Agent, Roehampton, S.W. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where help is given. — Age 26, single; understands Green- house, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good character. — BLUNDELL, West Lodge, Addington Park, Croydon, Surrey. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 26, married when suited ; well recommended by Mr. Bird, Head Gardener.— H. D., 32, South Croxted Road, West Dulwich. S.E. GARDENER (Single-handed) ; age 26, single. — A GENTLEMAN recommends his Gardener ; good experience. Six years in present situation.— A. B., Chilston House. Winkfield, Windsor. ARDENER (Second).— Age 25, married; eight years' experience. Inside and Out. Three years' good character from last place. Abstainer. Could live in a lodge. — L. PLAW, Hascombe, Godalming. Surrey. GARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good establishment. — Age 22; six and a half years' experience. Good character. Bothy. — COWBURN, 8, Mill Place, Mill Street, Altrincham, Cheshire. GARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN (First). — Age 25 ; three years in present place, with Charge of Fruit and Plant Houses. Nine years' experience. Good character.— S. COGGAN, Stowlangloft Hall Gardens, Bury St. Edmunds. GARDENER (Second).— Age 27 ; nine years' good character from last place, inside and out. — T. K., Bottle House, Penshurst, near Tonbridge, Kent. GARDENER (Second). — Age 26; eleven years' experience in Plant and Fruit Growing ; four years in last place; good reference, and personal character; total abstainer.— E. C, 108, Sussex Road, Brixton, S.W. GARDENER (Third), or otherwise.— Age 23 ; eight years Inside and Out. Three years' good recommendation. Near London preferred. — A. HUNTLEY, 15, Prince's Road, KiDg-tton-on-Thames. GARDENER (Under, or Single-handed). — Age 22, unmarried ; understands Growing Flowers inside and Out, and Kitchen Gardening. Five vears' character last place. —J. STEVENS, Chobham Common, near Woking. GARDENER (Under).— A young man (age 20), with some experience, and can use the scythe. Private Garden preferred. Abstainer. Good references.— W. MQRTIMORE, Brookfield Cottage, near Arundel. Sussex. MANAGER.— G. Bethell, Whiteley's Nurseries, Hillingdon Heath, Uxbridge. can recommend a thoroughly capable man, who has grown Plants. Fruit, and Flowers extensively for London und Provincial Markets. First-class references —Address as above. To Nurserymen. MANAGER, or OUTSIDE FOREMAN.— Age 34, married ; seventeen years' experience, last five years with Messrs. W. Paul & Sen.— G. A. MOORE, 6, Forest Road, Loughton, Essex. To Nurserymen, Florists, and Others. MANAGER, or FOREMAN, where all kinds of Choice Flowers and Fruit are Grown in quantity for Market.— Age 29 ; four and a half years' character ; a life ex- perience. Roses and Carnations a specialty. Thoroughly understands the business.— JOHNSON, The Vineries, Paignton, South Devon. MANAGER, SALESMAN, or FOREMAN GROWER.— Age 38; well up in all branches of the trade. — PALMER, 108, Bollingbrook Grove, Wandsworth Common, S.W. MANAGER, or FOREMAN. — Age 23 ; Vines, Tomato?, Cucumbers, Plants, Cut Flowers, Ferns, &c— H. M„ Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ORCHID GROWER.— Age 23. Seven years' experience Inside and Out. Knowledge of Alpine and Hardy Plants. Good recommendations.— H. W., 6, Tasmin's Terrace, Wirtemberg Street, Clapham. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and GROWER. —Age 27; twelve years' experience in first- class London Nurseries. Knowledge of Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Palms, Pot Vines, and Pot Roses. Good references.— E. B., 6, Manor Place, Tottenham Lane, Hornsey, N. P" ROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 26. Twelve years' experience in Bouvardias, Ferns, Palms, Roses, Pelargoniums, Cyclamen, Vines, Tomatos, and general Plants, Fruit, and Cut Flowers.— ARUM, Gardeners' Chro- nicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. FOREMAN (General), PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Roses, Clematis, Carnations. Palms, Ferns, Cut Flowers, Grapes, Tomatos, Wreaths, Bouquets, &c. Twenty years' experience. Good references. — NIPHET09, 9, William Road, New Wimbledon. TTOREMAN a^d PROPAGATOR, or A GROWER.— Twenty-five years' experience. Pelargo- niums, Cyclamens, Palms, Ferns, Stove and Soft-wooded Plants.— G. T., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. _____ FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER. — Ferns, Palms. Poinsettias. Chrysanthemums, Pelargo- niums, Cinerarias, Vines, Tomato*. Roses, Grafting, and Nursery Stcck generally ; Floral Work, &c. Good characters. —BETA, Gardeners' Chronic e Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. FOREMAN.— Has a thorough knowledge of growing Roses. Cut Flowers, Fruit, Vegetables, &c— JEW1TT, Stanmore Hill, Stanmore. Middlesex. F'OREMAN (or Department), in Private Place.— Age 24; ten years' experience in Plant and Fruit Growing, and Conservatory Decoration. Good references. Bothy preferred.— SECOND, 20. King Street, Chelsea. S.W. To Nurserymen, &c. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— Age 26; ten years' trade experience— Soft-wooded Market Stuff, Ferns, Palme, Cut Flowers, &c. ; Wreaths, Bouquets, and floral arrangements.— ALCOCK, 75, Derby Road, Nottingham. FOREMAN. — Age 80 ; nineteen years* ex- perience in Growing and Forcing Pines, Grapes, Peaches, Melons, &c. , Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, also House and Table Decoration.— W. COLEMAN, 8, Stanley Road, Sands End, Fulham, S.W. FOREMAN (Inside, Departmental, or General), in a good establishment.— Age 28 ; well up in all branches of the profession. Testimonials on application.— FOREMAN, 26, Russell Street, Altrincham. Cheshire. JOURNEYMAN. — Age 20; three years' experience in Greenhouses. Good character.— J. DALE, 51, La^ey Street, Ipswich. JOURNEYMAN (First), rnside.— By an ener- getic young man (age 23), with five years' experience and references.— M., Lion Road Nurseries, Besley Heath. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— The Head Gardener. Ettington Park. Stratford-on-Avon (Mr. W. Haylock), desires to recommend a young man as above. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, under a good Fore- man.— Age 20; six years ' experience. Excellent character. Rothy preferred.— R. L., 66. Arthur Street. Fulham Road, Chelsea. S.W. JOURNEYMAN (First).— Age 22 ; five years' experience, -with good character. — W. GRAYSMARK, Verdley Place, Haslemere, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 20; Inside or Inside and Out. Good character. Over two years in last situation.— THOMAS LUCAS, Sturston. near Ashbourne, Derbyshire. IMPROVER. — Situation wanted for a well- educated Youth, age 17. Good references. Bothy pre- ferred.—KINGHAM. The Firs, Woodford Green, E. TO GARDENERS.— Second or Third, in good Garden. Good experience. First-class references. Bothy preferred.— W. H. WATSON, South Elkington, Louth. O GARDENERS. — Situation wanted by a young man. age 19. in a Gentleman's Garden ; five years' experience. Good references. — P. THOMPSON, 6, Spencer Cottages, East Sheen, S.W. TO ESTATE AGENTS, &c— A thorough practical Market Gardener under Glass, is open to an engagement to Grow for profit where the Glass is suitable for market purposes, wages to be paid by results. Highest refer- ences from the leading growers iu the trade. Please state particulars to X., Garden-rs' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. rpo HEAD GARDENERS.— Wanted to place X a lad (age lfi) in a good Private Garden, where the Head Gardener would take an interest in him ; respectable, willing, and obliging; thorough education, and is good at accounts; at present in Office on Gentleman's Estate.— H. LYNN, Baynard's Park, Horsham, Surrey. TO GARDENERS, &o— A young Man, age 19, seeks a situation in a Private Place or Nursery. Two and a half years in last situition. Good reference. — G. WATKI>"3, Osborne Road, Hounslow. rVO GARDENERS. — Situation wanted by a I )Oung man (age 22), in a Private Establishment. Six years' experience inside and out. Good testimonials. Bothy or otherwise.— W. R., 46, Leader Street, Chelsea, S.W. TO GARDENERS.— Wanted, by a young MAN, in his 19th year, a situation in a Gentleman's Garden. Good knowledge of Lawn and Kitchen Garden. Bothy or otherwise. Four years' experience.— H. MOLE3, Stanbury, Reading. TO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted in a Market Nursery. — Age 18; three years' experience.— L., 415. Leader Street, KiDg's Road, Chelsea, S.W. TO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted, in a good Marktt Nursery, by an energetic young man (age 24), with nine years' experience in the general routine of Market Work. First-class testimonials. Reasonable wag^s expected. — G„ 3, Alfred Place, Hertford Road, Lower Edmonton, N. T'O NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted by a JL willing young man, age 23; well up in General Market Nursery Work. Five years in leading London Nurseries.— J. GATHERCOLE, Lords Street, Hoddesdon, Herts. rPO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted as X INDOOR WORKING FOREMAN. Fifteen years' expe- rience. Good character for ability, 8lc„ from present and previous situations. Age 31.— S. R., Onslow Nurseries, Hailsham, Sussex. TO MARKET NURSERYMEN. — A young msn (age 24), well up in the general routine of all Market Work, seeks situation. — C, I. Meens Street, Worthing. rpO NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.— A _L young man seeks situation. Is of good address. Thorough knowledge of Wreiths. Crosses, and Rouquets. Experienced in all branches of the Trade. — F. M., 36, Artillery Road, Guildford. rFO NURSERYMEN. — Situation wanted, J- Dutchman (age 28), good all-round hand. In and Out- doors, Twelve years' experience, last three in leading London Nurseries. Good Rudder. — A. A. F., Dyson's Lane, Edmonton. TO MARKET NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted in Market Nursery (London), age 22; strong, active, and obliging. Some kuowledge of the work. Desires improvement. Good references, — T. DENNON.jjWartling, near Hastings, TO NURSERYMEN. — Situation wanted. Age 23; experienced in Tomatos, Strawberries, Grapes, Chrysanthemums, Arums, Roses, and General Forcing and Growing for Market. — ALBA, Girdeners' Chronicle Office 41, Wellingron Street, Strand. W.C. TO NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.— Re engagement desired by a young Man, age 23. Ten years' experience in Soft-wooded Stuff, Chrysanthemums, Regonias, Ferns, Palms, &c, Cut Flowers, Wreaths, Crosses, &c.— W. O., Floral Nursery, Castle Hill, Maidenhead. CLERK. — Advertiser requires a situation as above. Many years' experience in Rook-keeping, &c., in the nursery and seed trade offices, London and Provinces. Good references. — R. F. T., Gardeners' Chronicle ^Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. PAINTER, GLAZIER, and PAPER- HANGER, on a Gentleman's estate. — Situation wanted by a young married man as above. Good character. — T, ANSELL, 34, St. Leonard s Road, Horsham. COLLECTOR of RENTS in the Country.— Age 33 years; fourteen yeirs' character. Highest re- ferences; security if necessary. — X. O., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 4!, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. SOW THE SEEDS of good health, prune and strengthen sickly and weak branches of the tree of life, ■with the aid of Holloway's world- renowned Pills and Ointment. The Pillsimprove the appetite, strengthen the digestion, and regulate the liver. Under treatment with the Ointment, bad legs become sound, scorbutic skins cast off their scales, and scrofulous sores cease to aunoy. When rubbed upon the abdomen it checks all tendency to irritation in the bowels, and averts diarrho'aand other disorders of the intestines frequently prevailing through the summer and fruit seasons. Heat lumps, blotche*. pimpks, inflammations of the skin, muscular pains, and enlarged glends c-in be effectively overcome by using Holloway's remedies according to the instructions given to each purchaser. 24 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jolt 1, 1893. Send for ILLUSTRATED LIST of JOHN BLAKE'S PATENT SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAMS, For Raising "Water for the Supply of Towns, Villages, Irrigation, Railway Stations, Mansions, Fountain', Farms, &c. No Cost for Motive Power, which is obtained from the Stream of Water passing through the Ram. NO OILING OR PACKING REQUIRED. MADE IN SIZES TO RAISE FROM 300 to 200 000 GALLONS PER DAY. WILL FORCE TO A HEIGHT OF 1500 Fket. 3?*^W This ram works with no metal in motion. This view represents a ram worked by impure river water, whilst pumping pure wattr from a well or spring, and forcing it to a small reservoir on the hill, at an elevation of 295 feet, and a distance of 1 mile, from which reservoir the water is gravitated for tire extinguishing and general requirements of mantion, stables, f irm, and village. TESTIMONIALS. From CHARLES HART, Esq., A.MI.C.E.Z, Avenue Road, Leamington, March 13, 1893. Brixworth Union Rural Sanitary Authority, East Haddon Water Supply. Dear Sir,— Since the opening of these works, in May, 1891, the two D;>uble-acting "B" Rams supplied and fixed by you have done their work with a minimum of attention, uninter- ruptedly and satisfactorily. Pure spring water obtained from a gathering ground on the Bide of a hill is carried along iron pipes a distance of 548 yards, down to a cistern fixed in the ram- hoise. From this cistern it flows to the rams, which are driven by impure water— drawn from an adj icent brook, with an available fall of 12 feet— and thence by them forced along an ascending delivery pips, a distance of L520 yards, to an iron reservoir, at an elevation of 204 feet. From this reservoir mains are liid which supply the hall with its stabling, the rectory, six farm houses, two dairies, and twenty-four wall fountains for the villagers* use. The ave-age daily consumption exceeds 4000 gallons, which one ram easily delivers, thus exceeaing your guaranteed quantity by more than louO gallons per ram per 24 hours. Generally the two rams are regulated to divide the work between them, but occasionally it devolves upon one only. If more widely known, this means of supplying villages and small towns with a limited quantity of spring water, forced to a suitable tlevation by means of your rams, driven by impure water, would most certainly be more generally adopted.— Yours faithfully, CHARLES HART. From the Right Honourable the EARL of HARROWBY, 44, Grosvenor Square, London, February 21, 1893. Sir,— I have pleasure in stating that the two Hydraulic Rams, which you supplied and fixed for me last autumn, at Sandon, have proved so far most successful, and that the w_»rk gives every promise of durability, while the economy, compared with the former much smaller and intermittent supply by steam pump, will be considerable. With a fall of about 14 feet from a previously existing mill pool, the rams supply reservoirs 168 feet above the brook whence the water is forced, through pipes of 1£ mile in length. Tbey sent up, as long as I required it, about 41,000 gallons per day. I now generally work the two rams alternately (for a fortnight or so each), but can at any time work the two together, if the full supply of 41,000 gallons should be needed. The business of this somewhat complicated water-supply was conducted by you with singular promptness and punctuality ; and no local difficulties arose in the execution of the work, owing to the excellent and efficient men whom you sent from your works at Accrington. I am, Sir, your very obedient servant, HARROWBY. From Mr. J. A. RUTHERFORD, Agent to C. F. H. Bolckow, Esq , Estate Office, Marion Hall, Middlesbrough, Septemher 26, 1883. Dear Sir,— I am glad to say that the Rams you put down on the Hambledon Estate, for Mr. C. F. H. Bolckow, are working very well. You undertook with 16 gallons per minute, to send up 1500 gallons a day. and with enough water to work the Rams at full power, 2000 gallons a day. With a supply of 11^ gallons per minute they are lifting 2200ga'loiis, and when working full power, 310% gallons per oay are sent up to a height of nearly 400 feet. They made a clear start, and have gone well since. The delivery pipa in the above case is 9000 feet in length. From THOMAS ROBERTS, Esq, Estate Surveyor to His Grace the Duke of Sutherland, KG., Surveyors Office, Trent ham Hall, Staffordshire, April IS 1886. Dear Sir. — I am pleased to say that the Hydraulic Ram you supplied and fixed at Tittensor (the residence of the Marquess of Stafford, M.P.), does its work very satisfactorily, with a fall of 9 feet 6 inches, raising 9000 gallons daily to a height of lSOfest. The Duke of Sutherland, K.G., inspected the working of the Ram, and expressed bis entire satisfaction with it. I am, yours faithfully, THOMAS ROBERTS. From Sir S. M. MARYON WILSON, Bart , London, November 17, 1891. Sir. — I have much pleasure in stating that the two " A " Rams you supplied and fixed for me at Searles, on my Sussex estate, have proved a great success, especially when the smaU supply of driving water is con*i<'ered, as with a supply of 7 gallons per minute only, they have daily thrown 3000 gallons to a height of 90 feet, and through a service of pipes over a mile in length ; and te-tting them recently (with plenty of driving power) found they lifted 7000 gillons per day. The economy effected by their use is considerable, as they have entirely superseded a steam pump. S. M. MARYON WIT.SON. From HENRY MORTON, Rq.. Agent to the Most Honourable the Marquess of Ripon, K . No. 341.— Vol. XIV, f Third 1 Series. SATURDAY, JULY 8, 1893. Regt. as a Newspaper, f PRICE 3d. WITH SUPPLEMENT. \ POST-FREE, Sid. CONTENTS. Anthractoose of the Vine . Azalea indica, growth and culture of Bones, as drainage for Chryeant hemums Book?, notices of — Book of Choice Ferns... Poultry for the Table and Market Carnation Duchess of York ChUwick Garden Flower Show Currant, red, a large new Cypripediums, raibing n°w Dendrobium Dalhousie- ianum Drought, the, and water- ing Emigration to Brazil Florists' Flowers- Cyclops Pink Geranium macrorhizum Lathyrus rotundifohus Luisia Amesiana ., volucris Market gardening under glass New or noteworthy plants Cattleya Warscewiczii Sander ee — Hamar Bass' variety Nursery notes— Coombe Wood jotting* Obituary — Theobald. Joseph Ons'ow Hall, fruit grow- ing at Orchid notes and glean- ing ILLUSTRATION*. Anthracnose of the Vine ... Luisia Amesiana ,, Psyche ,, volucris Nelumbium speciosum album Victoria regia. (See Supplement.) 33 Orchid notes— C0n(i'««ewater Pipes, good Well of Water, with H.P. Engine, Belting, Shafting, &c, complete for pumping water, together with, the VALUABLE STOCK of Bulbs, Ferns, Roses, Carnations, Lilies, Stephanotis, Tomatos, Potatos, &c. ; two Horses, Van, Carts, Harness, and Implements of Trade. Lease five years; rent only £150 per annum; no rates and taxes. Price for Stock, Lease, &c, £1,250. No law costs. The Potato crop on the land alone realised £300 this year. The above offers to an energetic man an excep- tional chance of acquiring a small fortune in a few years. Address, G. S. HENGISTBUKY, Brentford, London, W. Photos can be seen. TO BE SOLD, a MARKET NURSERY; 420 feet run of Glasshouses, and about 70 feet of heated frames on two acres of land clo.e to station, convenient for London or the North. S, W. DAXBY, Leagrave, near Luton, Beds. FOR SALE.— A good FLOWER, VEGE- TABLE, aud FARM SEED BUSINESS, West of Eng- land.—Apply, B., care of Messrs. Hurst & Sin, 152, Hounsditch, London, E.C. TO NURSERYMEN.— LEASE and GOOD- WILL of a capital Nursery Ground for SALE, a bargain, covering an area of two acres, adjoining Station in a hi^h-class neighbourhood. North of London. Owner retiring in conse- quence of ill healtb. Six Greenhouses on grouad. Lease 21 year?. Rent, £75. Apply to Messrs. HARMAN BROS., Auctioneers, 75, Alder- manbury, Guildhall, E.C. FLORISTS and GARDENERS.— A genuine OLD-ESTABLISHED BUSINESS. Standing Contracts from £100 to £t50 per annum. Just out of High Koad. Kilburn. TO BE SOLD, through ill health. Comfortab'e House and about a quarter acre of Ground, taking about £iQ to £23 per week, with a good scope for improvement. Price £600, to include capital Hor-e and Cart. Tools, Stable Utensils, Greenhouses, Frames, Forcirg-pits, Stock. Goodwill. Fourteen yearo' lease, at only £oU per annum. Stabling close by at £.>5 per annum, let off at 6s. per week. Further particulars of ERNEST OWERS, Auctioneer, West Hampstead (Met.) Station. The Watersend Nursery, Ewell, near Dover. To NURSERYMEN, MARKET GARDENERS, and OTHERS. FOR SALE, with Immediate Possession, FREEHOLD PROPERTY, comprising 4± acres of Fertile Land, in good cultivation, with capital Residence, Coach- house, Stabling, rive large Greenhouses, 8cc, within five minutes walk of Kearsney Junction Station, L. C. & D. Rail- way. Apply to — Messrs. WORSFOLD & HAY WARD, Estate Agents, Dover. FOR SALE, as a Going Concern, the EARLS- WOOD NURSERIES, formerly the property of Wm. Wells. These Nurseries are situate about mid-wav between London and Brighton, on the Main London & Brighton Rail- way (adjoining Uarlswood Station), in the immediate neigh- bourhood of Redhill and Earlswood Common, and in one of the healthiest parts of Surrey, A very convenient eight-roomed Hou^e, and nine Greenhouses and Forcing-houses, standing on an acre of Freehold Land. They have one of the best Collec- tions of Chrysanthemums in England, for whi^h ten Medals and two Diplomas of Honour were awarded last autumn. The Houses are carrying splendid crops of Tomatos and other Plants for Cut Flowers, &c, and the Business has an Old- established Connection. Present owner is willing to continue if required. Full particulars oa application to ROBERT WARNER, Chartered Accountant, 300, Winchester House, London, E.C. TO LET.— A first-class FLORIST'S BUSI- NESS, in a fashionable Watering-place. Immediate possession. Stock and Fixtures about £:00. Bona-ride. Ex- ceptional opportunity. *L0R1S1\ 2, Weston View, Parkend Road, Gloucester. City of Peterborough. To NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS, SEEDSMEN, and OTHERS. TO BE LET, with Immediate or Michaelmas Possession, the well-known, old-established Peterborough BUSINESS, comprising a NURSERY FARM of 25 acres, of which 13 acres are under cultivation, not heavily stocked ; the remainder in Pasture Land, with good House and Premises, Greenhouse, Pits, &c. adjoining the Town. Also, a superior SEED SHOP and STORE, in a first class central position ; and a FLOWER -STAND on the Great Northern Railway Statioo. The whole Business his for many years been carried on by Mr. John House, who is retiring on account of declining health, and leaving a tine opportunity for an enterprising tradesman. Apply, FOX AND VERGETTE, Estate Agents, Peterborough. I70R SALE.— A splendid COLLECTION of JO CACTI, in good health. What offers?— GARDENER, Mount Pleasant, Bishop Auckland, Durham. TRADE. — CLEMATIS JACKMANNI, strong plauts, fs. per dozen. Cyperis, Aralias, Adi- antum, Cuneatum in 48's. 6s. per dozen. S. HARBER, Florist, Tettonhall, Wolverhampton. SPLENDID LOT of well-matured BULBS of NARCISSUS PRINCEPS for forcing, price Is. id. per 100; reduction on a quantity. Also POETICUS, 3s. 6\ Qd. aud ltfs. per 100, very scarce; Narcissus (paper-white), 5s. per 100; Narcissus Double Roman, 5s. per 1U0; Gladiolus Colvilii (The Bride), lovely for cutting. 2s. 6d. per 100; Iris hispanica (the poor man's Orchid), finest mixed, Is. 6d. ptr 1C0. Every article the best procurable. J. R. PEARSON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts. Important to Mushroom Growers. CUTHBERT'S SPECIALITE MUSHROOM SPAWN. Always alike ; most productive. Hundreds of testimonials. Per bushel, bs. K. AND G. CUTHBERT, Seed. Bulb, and Plant Merchants, Southfrate, N. Established 1797. A LL GOODS DELIVERED FREE jLJL on board, London, Antwerp, Rotterdam, £ s. d. LILIUM HARRISII, 5- 7 in. circ, per 1000 bulbs . 6 S 0 7— 9 in. „ „ „ ... 11 10 0 „ „ 9—11 in. „ 22 10 0 AURATUM, 7— 9 in. , 8 7 6 ,. 9-11 in. ., ,, „ ... 11 10 0 TUBEROSES, Pearl, select 1—6* in. „ 110 0 ,, ,, seconds, .3—4 in. ,, 12 0 Prices for GLADIOLUS, &c, on application. F. W. O. S0HMITZ and CO.. Jersey City, N.J., U.S.A. To the Trade. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— When yon are in -1- London, it will be well worth your time to pay a visit to Albert Nurseries, Peekham Rye, S.E. ; or Fleet, Hants. You can make your notes, and have a business look round, combined with an outing ; ycu will not be worried to order. E. D. SHUTTLEWORTH and CO., Ltd. Awarded Silver-gilt Flora Medal by the Royal Horticultural Society; also Gold, Silver-gilt, Silver, and Bronze Medals, Prizes, and Certificates at other First-class Shows, Our specialty — really good stuff grown for the Trade. July 8, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 27 PEARSONS' CHEMICAL MANURE. This Manure has now been before the public for hve years, and has, from its intrinsic merits, almost without advertising, forced its way into the front rank. Extensive trials during above period have convinced us, that for efficiency and cheap- ness, there is nothing in the market to touch it ; we having employed it with the fullest success upon Vines and other Fruit Trees, Pelargoniums, Fuchsias. Chrysanthemums, and almost all kinds of Greenhouse Plants. This opinion is sup- ported by all the gardeners who have tried it, all being enthusiastic in its praise. Per ton. £16 ; per cwt., 20s. ; f cwt., 12s. ; 28 lb., 7s. 14 lb., 4s. ; 7 lb., 2s. 6d. Sample Tins, Is. 3d. Half-cwt. and upwards sent Carriage Paid to any Station in England, Scotland, or Wales. Circular, containing further details, instructions, and testi- monials, free on application. J. R. PEARSON & SONS, CHILWELL, NOTTS. To Nurserymen, Gardeners, &c. WANTED, the above to try SPENCER'S NEW FERTILISER, there being no acids or chemicals used in the manufacturing of this Fertiliser. Prize growers of hardwood plants and root crops will find this the only thing wanting, it being the most genuine and powerful Forcer yet introduced. Can be used in powder or dissolved in water — a special advantage. Sample cwt. bag sent to any pirt, price on application. Analyst report with each parcel. Apply. I. SPENCER. 54, Spring Street, Hull, Yorkshire. CBEESON'S MANURE, oomposed of blood • and bone. Toe best Fertiliser for nil purposes. Sold in tins, \s., 2s. 6d., and 5s. 6rf. ; also in airtight bags, £ cwt., 6s. ; 1 cwt., 10s. Full directions for use sent with each tin and bag. 1 cwt. and above sent carriage paid ; cash with order. C. BEESON, Bone Mills. St. Neot's, Hunts. BONES ! BONES ! ! BONES 1 ! ! Any size from dust to 1 inch. Dissolved Bone Compound, for Top-dressing. All at 10s. per cwt. ; less quantity, l^d. per lb. Carriage paid on 1 cwt. Terms, Cash with Order. Special quotations for large Buyers. E. S. WILES and CO., Bone Crushers, St. Albans. CONCENTRATED MANURE. GLOBE FERTILISER. When using this Fertiliser for Fluwers, Fruits, and Vege- tables, results are marvellous. Plants grown in the open air are equal in Bloom and Beauty to those grown in hothouses. Sold by Seedsmen, \d. and 2d. Packets ; Is. 6d.. 2s. (3d.. 5s., and 10s. in Bags, or from the Sole Manufacturers, Carriage Paid. Cash with Order. GLOBE MILL COMPANY, Stratford Market, London. E. PATENT SILICATE MANURE. Dress Your Vines and Tomatos with it now. FOR TOMATOS IN THE OPEN AIR, Increases Size and Colour. "Rose Villa Nursery, York, Sept. 27, 1892. " Apparently a good Manure for the price charged. (Signed), "J. BACKHOUSE and SON." PSICES IN SACKS, AT WORKS— 10s. per Cwt. ; £2 per J-Ton ; £3 15s. per i-Ton £7 per Ton. Address— THE CHEMICAL WORKS, HEMEL HEMPSTEAD, HERTS. mmlMmmwm The only existing remedy that CURES and PREVENTS Mildew, Oidium. Black Rot, and other Cryp- togamic Diseases of the Potato, Tomato, Beetroot, Vegetables, Vine, Roses and other Flowers, Fruit Trees, Mould in Hops, &c. FOSTITE raises the Vegetation, destroys Caterpillars, Fleas, Leaf Lice, Slugs, and all other Vermin on Plants. Effective Distributors also sold. A child can perform the powdering. Prospectus free on application. Sole Shipper and Manufacturer — JEAN SOUHEUR, ANTWERP (Belgium). Reliable Buying Agents wanted everywhere. ALBERT'S HIGHLY CONCENTRATED HORTICULTURAL MANURE. A Chemically Pure Plant Pood. UNPARALLELED FOR ITS RAPID ACTION AND FRUCTIFYING PROPERTIES. BEST and ONLY RELIABLE -COMPLETE FERTILISER for all VEGETABLES, FRUIT TREES, VINES, FLOWERS, LAWNS, &0. UNPRECEDENTED RESULTS obtained by Its use. For Prices and Descriptive Pamphlet, apply to— H. & E, ALBERT, 17, GRACECHURCH STREET, LONDON, E.C. 2iespo7isible Agents wanted. ORCHID PEAT; Best Quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices of WALKER and CO., Farnborough, Hants. RICHARDS' NOTED PEAT. Specially selected and prepared for Orchids and all other plants. Also Loam, Sand, Artificial Manures, Insecticides, Shading, Netting for Fruit Trees, Bamboo Canes, Water Pots, and Garden Sundries of every description. Special quotations given for any goods sent carriage paid. G. H. RICHARDS, Old Shot Tower Wharf, Lambeth, London, S.E. ; Peat Grounds and Depots, Ringwood and Ware- ham. Address all letters to London Wharf. EPPS'S •< PEAT, For ORCHIDS, STOVE PLANTS, Hardwood do., Ferns, and Rhododendrons, by sack, yard, ton, or truckload. SPECIAL ORCHID PEAT, in sack only. Rich fibrous LOAM, superior LEAF-MOULD. Coarse. Crystal, and Fine SILVER SAND, CHARCOAL, C. N. FIHRE REFUSE, fresh SPHAGNUM, Patent MANURES.FERTILISERS, INSEC- TICIDES, and all other Garden Requisites. Peat Moss Litter. The Original Peat Depot. RINGWOOD, HANTS. GARDENS INCOMPLETE WITHOUT THE"ST0TT" PATENT DISTRIBUTOR, IMPROVED GARDEN ENGINES, PATENT SYRINGE, LAWN SPRINKLER, PATENT SPRAYER. THE BE9T INSECTICIDE :— KILLMRIGHT. THE BEST FERTILIZER:— FEE D M R I GHT, FROM SEEDSMEN, NURSERYMEN, AND THE " STOTT " DISTRIBUTOR CO., Ltd., MANCHESTER. TOMATO DISEASE. Save your Crops by Using SMITH'S "PREVENTION." Sold in Cans, with full directions for use :— No. I. Bized Can ... bs. | No. II. sized Can ... 9s. $d. No. III. sized Can 18s. Once used always ueed. Medium-sized Can clears a 100-feet house for the season. Sole Manufacturers : — SMITH BROS., Gordon Nurseries, Enfield. BENTLEY'S WEED DESTROYER AWARDED PRIZE MEDAL, (HIGHEST AWARD) AT THE International Horticultural Exhibition, London, 1892. Sole Manufacture r— JOSEPH BENTLEY, CHEMICAL WORKS, BARROW-ON-HUMBER, HULL. WASPS, FLIES, &c— DAVIS'S WASP DESTROYER is a certain Destroyer of these Pests. B. R. Davis was the first to make this article, and introduced it publicly nearly thirty years ago. During these years, that made by him has never been known to fail. Post-free, Is. 9d. and 2s. M. per Bottle, with instructions. Wholesale Agents, OSMAN AND CO., London. PRIMULA, Double White, in 3-inch pots, per 100 or dozen. B. R. DAVIS, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil. FOR SALE, BARKED NETTING, mesh £ inch square, to keep Birds from any kind of Fruit or Garden Produce, or Seeds. For price per acre, fathom, or yard, apply to — S. E. MARTYN, Trevemper, Newquay, Cornwall. AND FOR ALL GLASS STRUCTURES THAT REaUIRE SHADING. Sold in Packets containing 8 oz.. sufficient for 125 feet of glass, IB. each ; or in Bags. 7 lb.. 10S. 6d. ; 14 lb., 208. Be sure to ask for " SUMMER CLOUD." it being the Original and only Genuine article. Each packet should bear the Trade Mark, as above. SOLD BY ALL SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS. MANUFACTURERS : — CORRY & CO., Limited, HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES MERCHANTS, 13, 15, & 16, FINSBURY STREET, LONDON. E.C. GLASS I CHEAP GLASS I In Stock Sizes. 18-oz.,per 100 ft., 8s. id 21-oz., „ lis. 9rf , ( 12X10,18X12,1 )•{ 14X12,20X12,1 '■ | 16x12,16x14,: 18X14,24X14 18X16,24X16 ..,20X16,24X18, &c. 1} X 3 Prepared Sash Bar at 5s. per 100 feet. Paints and Varnishes at Low Prices. Flooring, 5/9 per square ; Matching, 4/8 ; 2X4, at id. per foot run ; 2X7 at lei. Horticultural Work of all descriptions. Ironmongery. &c. CATALOGUES Free. THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72, BI8HOP8GATE STREET WITHIN, LONDON, E.C. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. id. per bushel : 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons;, 40*. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each. SPECIALLY SELECTED ORCHID PEAT. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6<2. per sack ; 6 sacks, 25ft. ; sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 6 sacks, 22s. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel; 15s. per half ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, lJ. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack. MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21. Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C. PICTTJRESaUE ROCK 28 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [Jut? 8, 1893. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE PUBLISHER'S NOTICES. Gardeners' Chronicle Telegrams. — The Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is " Gardchron, London." ADVERTISEMENTS. Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as two. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Lines £0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 Lines 16 „ 17 „ 18 „ 19 „ 20 „ 21 „ 22 „ 23 „ 24 „ 25 „ £0 8 0 9 0 9 0 10 0 10 0 11 0 11 0 12 0 12 0 13 0 13 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s. If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 305. Page, £8; Half Page, £1 10s.; Column, £}. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address, Is. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line {about nine words) or part of a line. These Advertise- ments must be prepaid. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. Births, Deatlis, and Marriages, 5s. each insertion. Notice to Advertisers. — In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Adver- tisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and frequently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to giae their Names and Addresses, a?id also a Reference to the Advertisements which they ivish repeated. Position. — Advertisers are specially requested to note, that under no circumstances what- ever can any particular position be guaranteed for advertisements occupying less space than an entire column. Postal Orders. — To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. — It is very important in remit- ting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at No. 42, DRURY LANE, to A. G. MARTIN, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is knoivn, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a par- ticular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. N.B. — The best and safest means of Re- mitting is by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER. Advertisements for the current week MUST reach the Office not later than Thursday noon. All Advertisements should be addressed to the PUBLISHER. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Stbeet, Stband, W.C. SUBSCRIPTIONS. All Subscriptions payable in advance. The United Kingdom, 12 months, 15s. ; 6 months, Is. Gd. ; 3 months, 3s. 9d. All Foreign Subscriptions, including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 months. Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post-office, 42, Drury Lane, W.C, to A. G. Martin. Subscribers tvho experience any difficulty in ob- taining their copies regularly, are particu- larly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint). BOULTON & PAUL, Manufacturers, NORWICH. s ■a JS is O0ULT.\8,PAUL Mayl" 189.1 & a* 8 ■a' R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c, constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work, and that the very best. Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of anyone out of our firm, from the snialleat to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hot Bed Boxes, &c, always in stock. Plans, Estimates, and Catalogues Free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom. Our Maiim is and always has been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. Tfrfe'Wjgggj Killer MB ■ ^*"^ Chi Kills all Weeds on Garden Walk a. Carnage Dnvea, ic, £c Brighten* Gravel. One sppbcatioo will keep if^0 Uie Walk-, clear of Weeds (or a whole season. Acknowledged by alt who have tned it to be the most effective Weed Killer in tbe World. Compare tb* prices and using strength with others. ONE GALLON MAKES5I GALLONS FOR USE PRICES, 1 gallon. 3/. (tins included); 5 galls., 2/fl per gall : 10 galls 2/6pergalL, 20 rails., 2/3 per gjdl . JU geJll . 2/- pei gall. Carriage paid on 6 galls, and upwards INSECTICIDE: HOH-POISONOU3. I ■ Tbe only Insecticide tliat improve* and brightens tbe (nbsge while at tba same time it ia certain de&tb to all Insects. ONE PINT MAKBB SIX GALLONS FOR USB. PRICES* Li Una | -pints, 1/3; pints, 1/9; quarts, 3/-; f gallon, 6/-; lgallon, 9/- 6 and 10 g&lrmi drums, 8 - par gallon. Carnage paid. ISummerShading Con rem tsii t. inexpensive, and easily applied, lasting, end yet easily removed by rubbing at tbe end of the summer. PRICES. In pwkets containing 8oti Sd.i 16ox-, 1/- (postage Bd. eitral. and in 71b tins, 6,'- BlichtPreventor Tbe most effective remedy for Blight or Fungi on Tomatoes, Ac. Will not injure tbe Plants or Fruit PRICES. ■ In packets, Sot., 6d ; 16oi . V- (paatage sd. extra); and is 71a tins, B/> «acl*. NO TOMATO GROWER SHOULD BB WITHOUT IT. Its use will save pounds worth of FruiL COMPLETE, SATISFACTION GUAftAVrEED Tp USERS OP THE " Cjt-.IiM A.X " PREPARATIONS. Prepared by THE B.0UNDAKY CulMiCAL C • LI M ITLD, Li verpool THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF CARDEN OPERATIONS Post-free 3±d. ; 85 Copies, 6j. ; 60, 10s. ; and 100, 20s. Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain, GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.O. July 8, 1893.] THE GARDE NEB 8' CHBONICLE. 29 1893.-GARDEN HOSE.-1893. The Original Sphincter Grip Armoured and High-class Unarmoured Garden Hose. "HERCULES" BRAND rwxwmiu. s o •» *ta X ^ ^ ft? »* ^ XV\I Cq fc J^Rm> h^ "=ti P^l[ a ?Q ^Otf^C^ « ^ 'Wte?*'*/' •s tei » ^ ^H ■» -*^ ,s s Over 10.U0U Customers, ttunartas oj unsolicited Testimonials. 10 Recent and Highest Awards at Principal Exhibitions. CAUTION.— No Medal or Exhibition Award has ever been secured by aDy Firm except this CompaDy for Sphincter Grip Hoset exclusively and distinctively. Beware of Worthless Imitations and Foreign Importations, of which there are many, and of the goods supplied by any firm or firms making misleading statements. All this Company's Hobb made from best Para Rubber, and English materials and labour only, to pass English Government Tests; this last feature In Itself a guarantee of quality. THE BEST, AND THEREFORE THE CHEAPEST. Orders Executed same day as received. LARGER STOCK KEPT. aDd SALES GREATER than by any other Firm in the United Kingdom. Write for full Descriptive Price List of above, and of GARDEN PUMPS, HOSE, REELS, and FITTINGS. Post-free. SPHINCTER HOSE & ENGINEERING CO., LTD. 9, MOORFIELDS, LONDON, E.C. {SOLE MANUFACTURERS.) amous Garden Pots Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham, .-fr Messrs. Dlcksons, Limited, Chester, write : — " The Flower Pots you have go largely supplied us with are light, strong aud well made, and in every respect highly satisfactory." Messrs. Richard Smith & CO., Worcester, write ;—" We beg to say that we are highly satisfied with your ' Garden Pots ; ' they are well made, light, yet strong, and we like them better than any other we have ever used." Mr. William Bull, 636, King's Road, Chelsea, Loudon, writes:— "For nearly thirty years I have been using your ' Garden Pots,' and still find them the best and cheapest." Largest Manufacturers in the World. No Waiting. Millions in Stock. Carriage and Breakage Free on £10 Orders. Half Carriage on £5 Orders. Sample* Free. HORTICULTURAL BUILDER. Every description of GREENHOUSES, LIGHTS, &0. PIT LIGHTS. Best quality and workmanship, 2 inches thick, 6 ft. by 4 ft., iron bar across, and very strong, is. 6d. each, 50s. doz., £10 for 50 lights, free on rail in London. Cash or reference with order. CUCUMBER HOUSES. Timber sufficient to build 100 feet by 12 feet bouse, Roof Ventilators, Door, &c. Put on rail in London. Price, £9 10b. Send for detailed specification, to W. DUNCAN TUCKER, HORTICULTURAL WORKS, TOTTENHAM. Send for Illustrated Catalogue, just issued. GREAT REDUCTION in FRAMES OUR WELL-KNOWN MAKE. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. These Frames are made of the Beet Materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Sizes and Prices, Glazed and Painted. £ 6 feet long, 3 feet wide\ ^ A OTT (2 6 feet „ 4 feet 12 feet „ 4 feet 6 feet „ 5 feet 12 feet „ 5 feet 12 feet ,, 6 feet CASH PRICES, CARRIAGE PAID. 0 5 0 15 15 12 Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HAL.L.IDAY & CO., ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Zxjnrfon^5en(,Mr.H.SKF:LTON,Seedsman.&c..2.HollowavRd.,N. POTTER'S WIRE-ARMOURED HOSE. Prices of 60-feet lengths (fitted with Brass Nozzle, Branch Pipe, Rose, and Jet). ARMOURED. The Excelsior Wire-armoured I Hose secures a perfect grip, will not uncoil when cut I at any part. Btands enormous pressure, and wears for years. Diam. PRICES. s. d. i-in. best quality ... 36 3 i „ extra stout quality 43 7 § ,, best quality 45 0 | ,, extra stout quality 52 0 i „ best quality 52 0 | ,, extra stout quality 60 7 I _ Carriage paid, and dispatched same day as ordered. Awarded 10 Gold and Silver Medals. Oldest and most reliable house in the trade. Also maker of Hose for Delivery, Steam, Fire, Suction, Liquid Manures, &c. Over 3,000,000 feet in use. Catalogues of above and all kinds of Belting, Roofing Felts, &c, post-free from— A. POTTER, Melbourne Works, Wolverhampton; and London Works, Reading. Maker to Her Majesty the Queen, and H.R.H. The Prince of Wales. PLAIN. Unkinkable smooth surface Hose, will not crack, is made of pure rubber and canvas. Quality guaranted. Diam. PRICES. s. d. J-in. specially cheap ... 19 3 i „ best quality ... 21 5 i ,, extra stout quality 27 5 $ ,, best quality ... 28 0 extra stout quality 33 best quality ... 33 , ,, I '• I l i (11.11 1 I I ... • '■ ' V J ,, extra stout quality 40 10 HILL & SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. (Registered Trade Mark.) An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the coat. Used in all the London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gar- dens, and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be applied cold by any ordinary labourer. Price Is. 6d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage paid to any railway station, lx. &d. per gal. in casks of 36, 18, or 9 gals. •v A T-r/rr rs\ it Every Ca8K bearfl tne ttbove CAU 1 10$, Registered Trade Mark. Beware of oheap imitations. HIL L & SMI T H , Brierley Ironworks, Dudley : 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, EL0. 47. Dawson Street. Dublin. 30 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 8, 1893. BOULTON & PAUL, H0RBTu=rL NORWICH. WINTER GARDENS, CONSERVATORIES. Surveys made in any part of the Country. Ladies and Gentlemen waited upon by Special Appointment. PEACH HOUSES AND VINERIES. CREENHOUSES IN ALL STYLES. GARDEN FRAMES preat VARIETY. The BEST nnd CHEAPEST in the MARKET. White for Lists. No. 77. BORDER FRAME. 6 ft. by 4 ft. £1 15 0 9 ft. by 4 ft. 2 7 6 12 ft. by 4 ft. 3 0 0 Carriage Paid on Orders of 40s. value. CATALOGUES of all our Manufactures, including HOR- TICULTURAL BUILDINGS, FRAMES, BOILERS, IRON BUILDINGS, STABLING, KENNELS, POULTRY, and GAR- DEN APPLIANCES, Free. BOULTON & PAUL. EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, Early Snowflake and Paper-white Narcissus. '^M JAMES VEITCH & SONS BEG TO ANNOUNCE THEY HATE RECEIVED THEIR USUAL CONSIGNMENTS OF THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORGING, And will be pleased to receive Orders for Immediate Delivery, ROYAL. EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. MERRYWEATHERS' HIGH-CLASS GARDEN HOSE. Horticultural Exhibition, 1892. GOLD MEDAL AWARDED TO MERRYWEATHERS FOR Sphincter Grip Hose. Other Makers awarded Bronze Medal only. NON-KINKABLE Red-Grey Hose. In many oases pieferable to Sphincter Grip Hose. Important Seduction In Prices, Quality maintained. SPHINCTER GRIP Armoured Hose. Made by Merryweathers, the Original introducers and first makers of this Hose in England. ORDERS EXECUTED SAME DAY AS RECEIVED. WRITE FOR PRICE LISTS FROM THE OLD ESTABLISHED FIRM. MERRYWEATHER and SONS continue to guarantee all their High-class Garden Hoses to pass the severe British Government Tests. The ends of the Rubber Hoses are sealed, thus preventing the water percolating between the canvas plies, and destroying same. IMPORTANT DECISIONS Re SPHINCTER GRIP HOSE, IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. Judgment in favour of Merryweathers, with costs in all aotions. FIRE and GARDEN ENGINES, FOUNTAINS, SYRINGES, &c. WRITE FOR GARDEN CATALOGUE. MERRYWEATHERS, 63, LONG ACRE, LONDON, w.c. Messrs. LINDEN, L'HORTICULTURE INTERNATIONALE, Leopold Park, BRUSSELS, Have much pleasure in offering a splendid lot of semi-established plants, many in sheath, of their unrivalled C ATTLE Y A REX, true lindens cattleya rex. Also, a orand stock of magnificent plants, just arrived in marvellous condition, of LINDEN'S ORIGINAL CATTLEYA WAROCQUEANA (labiata autumnalis), which has produced the most brilliant varieties, including the glorious strain figured in Lindenia, and those chosen for Seichenbachia, &o. :r^= THE LARGEST AND BEST STOCK OF ORCHIDS IN CULTIVATION. «=^c ■^^ PRICE ON APPLICATION. ^^ Apply to Messrs. Linden's representative :— Mr. P. WEATHERS, Poplar Villa, Southgate, London, N. Joxy 8, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 31 EARL'S COURT EXHIBITION. Exhibition of GARDENING! FORESTRY THE GARDEN of LONDON. GREAT SHOW OF ROSES AND FRUIT, JULY 12. Classes (Open and Amateur) for Tea and Noi- settes, H.P. Roses, Bunches of Roses, Table of Roses arranged for effect, &c. Stove and Green- house Cut Flowers, Grapes, Melons, Peaches, Strawberries, Cherries, &c. Meritorious Exhibits Dot named in the Schedule will be recognised. Prizes, Medals, and Certificates awarded for every Show. All applications for entries, schedules, regulations, and fur- ther information should be addressed to Mr. H. E. Mllner, the Chairman, at the Offices of the Exhibition, Earl's Court, S.W. ADMISSION to the Exhibition Building, Flower Show, and the Central and Western Gardens, Is. OPEN DAILY, from 11 a.m. to 11 p.m. Season Tickets £1 Is., To be obtained from the usual Agents and the Secretary. DANIELS' DEFIANCE. The Finest Variety of Cibbage in Cultivation. Ir is early, short-leKged. and compact, grows rapidly to the weight of 10 to 15 lb., aod is of the most delicious Marrow ilavuur. Should be in every Garden. Sow dow. Seed, our true stock, with cultural directions, per ounce. Is. 6d., post free, DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers and Nurserymen, Norwich. DANIELS' GOLDEN ROCCA ONION. The most superb variety in cultivation ; of fine globular form, with golden yellow skiu ; often grows to the weight of 2 to 3 lr>. each, and of a mild, delicate flavour. Splendid for exhibitioo. Sow now. Seed, with cultural directions, per ounce, 2s. , post-free, DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers and Nurserymen, Norwich. NOTHING NOTHING is too small. is too much trouble. The Trade Supplied. B. SHUTTLEWORTH $ CO., Ltd., (Albert Nurseries) PECKHAM RYE, LONDON, 8.E., and FLEET, HANT8. SOW NOW FOR SPRING FLOWERINC. MYOSOTIS DHSITIFLORA )_ . „„ v„, MYOSOTIS DISSITIFLORA ALBA ^orget-me-Mots. SILF.NE PENDULA COMPACTA. SILENE PENDULA COMPACTA ALBA. WALLFLOWER, Dicksons' Golden Beauty. WALLFLOWER, Dicksons' Selected Dark Blood Red. WALLFLOWER, Dicksons' Superb Mixed Single. WALLFLOWER, Choice Double German. STOCKS. Brompton and East Lothian. PAPAVER NUDICAULE ) PAPAVER ALBUM J-The Favourite Iceland Poppies. PAPAVER MINIATUM I PRIMROSE. Choice Hybrids. POLYANTHUS. Choice Mixed and Gold-laced. PANSIES. Choice Show and Fancy Strains. Per packet, 6rf. , Is., & \s.6d. , post-free, or in larger quantities. By making sowings of above now, beautiful di6plavs may be obtained next spring. For all other Flower and Vegetable Seeds see CATALOGUE, sent post-free, on application. DlCKSONSn&sCHESTER Shepperson's Novelties and Specialties. PRIMULAS. — PRIMULAS. The following splendid new varieties, mixed. Purity, alba magnifica, rubra, violacea, Chiswick Red, New Scarlet, and Bull's Premier, only Is. 6d, per dozen; 10s. per 100, Carriage Free. CINERARIAS. — CINERARIAS. Bull's unrivalled strain for large flowers and splendid colours, Is. 6d. per dozen ; 10s. per 100, Carriage Free. YCLA MEN. — CYCLAMEN. Lamb's Celebrated Giganteum Strain, the finest strain in England, 1-yr. old plants, only 2s. per dozen, Carriage Free. AMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist and Seedsman, PROSPECT HOUSE BELPER, DERBYSHIRE. c s STUART & MEIN'S No, 1 Cabbage. The earliest and finest type of Spring Cabbage in cultivation, coming into use in April and May. The hearts are large and solid, and of the finest flavour. Our Seed of this famous Cabbage being the true stock, and as many inferior varieties are substituted for it, we strongly advise all to send to us direct for their supply. As a further inducement we offer £S in Cash Prizes for the Three Best Cabbages Grown from Seed procured direct from us. Full particulars will be supplied with each packet of Seed sent out. Is. per packet, post-free, Is. Qd. per oz. STUART & MEIN, KELSO, SCOTLAND. Established upwards of Half a Century. BULBS — BULBS. — Bargains in Bulbs. — Special Cheap Offer for really good large Flowering Bulbs : — Pancratiums, all best sorts, grand bulbs, ready to burst into flower — P. fragrans, P. caribteum, P. amn-num, P. zeylanicum graudiflora, some bulbs 12-inches round, 18s. to 40s. per 100; 2*. $d, to 6s. per do/en. Glorio-a superba, just imported, i5s. per 100, 4s. per dozen. Crinum Kirkii, very large plump bulbs. 50s. per 100, Bs. per dozen ; C. zeylanicum, and C. asiaticum, large white flower, 5s. to 8s. per dozen : extra large, 20-inch bulbs, 'Js. 6d. and 3s. 6d. each. Ammocharis falcata, splendid bulbs, make tine Pot Plants, 3s. each. Zamias, for Table Plants, is. each. Amorphophallus campanulatus, or Stanley's Wash-Tub, flowers 2J feet across, 6s. per dozen. Is. each. Babianas, in ten sorts, 12s. per 100. Ixias, in sorts, 10s. per 100. Freesia ref. alba. true. 18s. to 26s. per 1000. Above is Cheapest Offer ever made for first-class Bulbs. Terms, Cash with Order. All Bulbs warranted sound aod freshly imported, or money returned. J. JAMES, Importer. New Maiden, Surrey. ~ UTBUSH'S UJLL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Everyone can readily grow Mush- rooms, and by using this Spawn will ensure success. All growers speak in high praise of the quality. Numerous Testimonials. None genuine unless j!* in sealed packages, and printed cid- t*l Ileal directions enclosed with our SSIrt^. signature attached. H^Sb Price, 6s. per bushel, Is. extra for » package; or, Is. per cake, free per Parcel Post. WM. CUTBUSH & SON. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, London, N., and Barnet, Herts. raSsIsraiiuJR A magnificent stock of all kinds of Ferns. Abridged Catalogue of 1400 varieties free on application. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF FERNS (No. 22). the most beautiful and complete ever published, 2s., post- free. It contains 150 illustrations, and an immense amount of interesting and instructive matter of great value to all Fern cultivators. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, f.r.h.s. FEKN NURSERIES, SALE, near MANCHESTER. THE (Santera' djjftrmtklt SATURDAY, JULY 8, 1893. VICTOEIA REGIA, [See Supplementary Illustration.] rpHE great Water Lily of the Amazon etill -*- holds first plaoe among the giants of the vegetable world which have been introduced into gardens. Other giants come and go ; the Titanic Amorphophallns flowered once at Kew, died two years after, and is now no more except in its home, the swamps of Sumatra ; big Wellingtonias, Eucalyptus, Palms, and other giant trees we know only from pictures, and the big RalHesia from wax models ; but the Vic- toria remains with us after nearly fifty years' acquaintance, and it oan be grown to the same dimensions in a glasshouse in Europe as it attains in the tropics under the most favourable of natural conditions. In England it may be termed an expensive plant, as it requires a spe- cial ly-construoted house and large tank, with a tropioal temperature maintained at not less than 70 , and in some seasons at 80 3 ; but it is worth the cost of its cultivation. The Botanic Garden of Kew without the Victoria would be shorn of as much interest as the Zoo would be without an elephant or a hippopotamus. The large leaves resting on the wacer, the beautiful fragrant flowers, and the exceptionally rapid develop- ment of the plant from a seed into full size within a period of about four months, these are cha- racters which invest the Victoria with a special interest for lovers of plants. There are only two gardens in London in which the Victoria can be seen, viz., Kew, and the Botanical Garden at Regent's Park. Mr. Abraham Dixon, of Cherkley Court, Leatherhead, is perhaps the only amateur in this country who cultivates it. It used to be gTown in the botanical gardens at Oxford, Sheffield and Birmingham. In my opinion, no publio garden with any pretensions to an in- door collection of plants ought to be without a Victoria as a summer attraction. The largest tank I know of is in the Zoological Botanical Garden at Rotterdam, where three plants are grown, and where the leaves are so large and strong that three children from about ten to fourteen years of age have been supported by one leaf. It is also exceptionally well grown in the Royal Botanical Garden at Glasnevin. The seeds of Victoria are kept in water always in a temperature of about 60°. They are sown in February in pans of soil placed in water kept a6 a temperature of 85° to 90°. As soon as the plants are large enough to handle, they are planted singly in pots in a richly-manured soil, and the water is kept at the same high temperature. In April the large tank is prepared. About six cart-loads of loam and cow-manure are placed in a pit in the middle of the tank, which is then filled with water, and heated to 80°. The plant is then placed in the soil at a depth of about one foot below the water. The house in which the tank is placed should be kept well ventilated, and top air left on all night in mild weather. By the end of June the plant should be nearly full size, and it will flower 32 nHE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [Jult 8, 1893. »oon after. Seeds are matured by plants culti- vated at Kew. Some time ago we heard of a purple - flowered Victoria which had been dis- covered in South Brazil, and was called V. argen- tinensis.but on inquiryitturns out to be nothing more than a form of V. regia with a deeper tinge of crim- son on the petals than usual. There is only one species of Victoria, and it is now cultivated or natura- lised in most tropical countries. Its near ally Earyale ferox, a native of India, and remarkable for tie hooked spines on the upper surface of its large leaves, and for its small purplish flowers, is grown at Kew in the same tank as the Victoria. The structure of the leaf of Victoria is a remark- able instance of adaptation to circumstances. The under-side is clothed with strong spines, which pro- tect the leaves from aquatic animals; and to protect tection is afforded to it by spines on the upper- surface as well as below. W. W. [Our illustration is from a sketch taken at Kew by the late Mr. W. H. Fitch. On one of the leaves are shown, for the sake of contrast, the flowers of the large Australian blue Water Lily, Nymphsea gigantea, large indeed, but small in comparison with the Victoria. Ed] New or Noteworthy Plants. -• CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZII SiNDER^E. At the meeting of the Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, on June 6, Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, received an Award of Merit for the richly- coloured Cattleya Warscewiczii of it yet known are in the Tring Park collection. Two points seem to connect C. W. Rothschildiana with the C. W. Sanderse, viz., the dark purple on the exterior of the side lobes of the labellum, and its sweet odour. There can be no doubt that we have in this a distinct form of C. Warscewiczii, superior to any previous importations of the species. J. O'B. Luisia Amesiana and L. volucris. The two singularly interesting Orchids, of which we herewith give illustrations, were exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., at the meeting of the Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society on June 20, when they each received a Botanical Cer- tificate, and in our report we commented on the interesting structure of the flowers and their evident FlG. 8. — LUISIA AMESIANA. Sepals and petals whitish citron-yellow, streaked and speckled with purple-brown outside ; labellum whitish-yellow ground, with purple-maroon spots. Fig. 9.— luisia volucbis. Sepals and petals cream-white ; labellum intense purple-brown. the upper surface, the margin is turned up all round, forming a rim several inches high, the outside of which presents a spine-clothed barrier to any swim- ming animals which might otherwise land on the leaf. The leaf is, therefore, a large round tray or shallow dish. Last year we tried the effect of pouring a quantity of water into one of these dishes, and although the leaf win intact, and the rim perfect, the water mysteriously escaped from the leaf as fast as it was poured into it. On closely examining it, we found the whole leaf was perfo- rated with innumerable pinholes, no doubt intended to prevent the leaves from being practically sub- merged through filling with rain. The leaves when young are folded involutely, and are protected by the spines of the under-surface. The stalks of both leaves and flowers are thickly clothed with sharp spines. To prevent the leaves from crowding, the stalks continue to elongate long after the blade has matured. In Euryale, the leaf, which is nearly as Jarge as that of the Victoria, is rimless, but pro- Sanderoa. But little did they think that the next one to flower, and which comes from the collection of Hamar Bass, Esq., Byrkley Lodge, Burton-on-Trent, and from the skilful hands of the gardener, Mr. J. Hamilton, would so markedly eclipse the original. The Hamar Bass variety I consider the richest in colour of any known Cattleya — the C Hardyana, to which it approaches nearest, not excepted — and the flower is large and of fine form. The broad sepals and petals are of a bright light shade of purple; the varying tints of the dark velvety crimson-purple of the lip it is impossible to describe, for rose, mauve, crimson, purple, and maroon seem blended in it. There are two small yellow patches in the centre of the lip, and some rich purple lines at the base. Out of this importation flowered the magnificent C. Warsce- wiczii Rothschildiana, which is distinguished by the large labellum being entirely of a rich purplish- crimson, and without the light patches seen in every other form, which renders it a distinct variety about which there can be no dispute. The only two plants arrangement for facilitating fertilisation by insect aid The petals of both species are honey-yellow, the labellum of L. volucris is brownish-purple, that of L. Amesiana being spotted with reddish-brown. Re- ference to our illustration will show in L. volucris, whose erected horn-like petals give the flowers such a singular appearance, that as the flowers attain ma- turity the labellum approaches the stem of the plant (which somewhat resemblesthe labellum incolour),so that insects ascending involuntarily pass over the lip and around or over the column, and thus the fertilisa- tion of some of the flowers is assured. L. Amesiana is an introduction of Messrs. E. Sander & Co., and the plant exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence is the first to flower in England. Other species of Luisia are to be found in the fine and interesting collection at Burford, one of the oldest, as well as one of the prettiest being L. Psyche, which we gave an illustra- tion of in 1865, and which we now reproduce. The Luisias are very easy to cultivate, any warm or intermediate-house suiting them well. July 8, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 33 ANTHEACNOSE OF THE VINE. In his sectional address before the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in 1887, Professor Farlow said :— " In his treatise on the fungi which attack the species of Vitis, published in 1879, Pirotta enumerates 101 species of parasites. Between ten and twenty of these are fungi not found on Vitis alone ; but this number is more than coun- terbalanced by species peculiar to Vitis, which have been described since 1879. It may be objected that some of the forms called species by Pirotta are probably merely stages of some of the other spe- cies enumerated. Admitting that this is possible, and even probable, if we deduct half, or even two- thirds, which is liberal to the last degree, we still have thirty to fifty species of fungi, at the lowest estimate, which are peculiar to six species of Vitis, the number included in Pirotta's observations. I have little doubt that the real number of species of fungi peculiar to the genus Vitis is much larger than the estimate I have just given. If the relative number of species known to occur on Vitis is greater than that of those known most on other genera, it is due rather to the fact that, from their importance to horticulture, they have been more carefully studied than because other genera are less frequented by special fungi." However annoying and destructive Vine diseases may be, they are not of that general and national importance to this country as they are in countries over which large tracts of Vines are cultivated for the sake of their produce for manu- facturing purposes. In such countries as France, Italy, California, Australia, &c, the loss that is caused annually by diseases of the Vine must be enormons, and consequently the popular interest in their causes and remedies far greater than with us. Nevertheless, although our national interest is less than in other countries, our individual interest is considerable in all that relates to Vine culture. It must be admitted that, in all plant diseases, as in all animal diseases, it is essential to snccessful remedy, that, first of all, the symptoms should be carefully studied, and a true diagnosis obtained of the char- acter of the disease. We must first of all determine the specific disease, and then it will be easier to discover the cause, and propound a remedy. To this end it is desirable that information shonld be as widely diffused as possible, and as exhaustive as possible, of the varied phases of disease in important economic plants. No other apology need be urged for continual recurrence to the subject in such a journal as this. " Knowledge is power " is true emphatically in this case, as it is in many others, and nothing else will supply its place. These remarks introduce us to one of the Vine diseases which had its origin in Europe, spreading thence to the New World and Australia, scattering destruction, and sparing not, and yet leaving our own islands free. At one time known as "Charbon " or " Brenner," it settled at last into " Anthracnose," and, under the latter name, is one of the standing Vine diseases of the United States. It is caused by a minute fungus, belonging to a destructive genus, which contains parasites incidental to many culti- vated fruits. All the green parts of the Vine are subject to its attacks, from spring to autumn, and present the following appearances, which may afford a clue to its detection. On the shoots it first shows itself in small brown spots slightly de- pressed in the centre, with a slightly raised darker border ; as these spots enlarge, the centre becomes more depressed, and of a greyish colour. The bark is at length destroyed, and the woody tissue beneath presents a scorched appearance. On the leaves its effects are similar, and when the disease is virulent, both stems and leaves succumb. The severity of the disease has, however, been chiefly manifest on the fruit. There is at first a small spot on the berry, with a greyish centre, and dark brown border. These spots enlarge, maintaining a rounded outline, and intermediate between the grey central portion and the browa border there is developed a bright red band. Under the action of the parasite the berries wither and dry, being reduced apparently to mere skin and seeds. The particular fungus which produces these results is Glteosporium ampelophagum, the structure of which must be revealed by the use of the micro- scope. There is very little mycelium, which is found beneath the cuticle, and at length little cells or cavities, with no determinate outer wall, make their appearance ; from the lower portion of these cells arise numerous short delicate threads, each bearing a spore at its summit. All trace of these threads soon disappear, and the cells are filled to repletion with the minute spores, which are appa- rently involved in, and held together by a kind of mucilage. Then the outer cuticle is ruptured, and the spores ooze out at the opening, and lie upon the surface like a crust, which is readily dissolved and floated awav by moisture. Each spore is an oblong body (5 to G X 2J to 3 /u). transparent and colour- less, rounded at the ends, and sometimes contracted at the middle, and generally containing two spots, B- C Fig. 10.— axthracnose of the tine. or nuclei. These spores are spread by dew or rain, to other and health; spots, where De Bary demon- strated that they are capable of producing, within eight days, diseased and discoloured spots, like the original ones from whence the spores were derived. Professor Burrill states that " the disease can be readily transferred artificially from an affected to a healthy berry. It is only necessary to wet with water a diseased spot, and after stirring with a little brush, remove some of the water to a healthy fruit, where it may stand as a little drop. If this is done when the air is saturated with moisture, failure to communicate the disease rarely happens."* Germi- nation takes place quite rapidly, and a germ-thread is formed, which penetrates the cuticle, so that beneath the surface the vegetative growth of a new pustule is commenced. Some idea of the size of these spores may be conceived when it is remembered that it wonld take four thousand five hundred of them, placed end to end, to extend one inch. Hitherto, there is no evidence that the disease has been found in Great Britain, although it has long been known in France, Germany, Italy, and Austria. Procted. Amer. Pom. Soc, 1885, p. 19. It had not made its appearance in the United States until 1883, and its advent in Australia has only been determined about twelve months. Hitherto it has not been reported from the Cape. In the United States, the reporter to the Com- missioner of Agriculture states that " Anthracnose prevails most in wet seasons, and in low situations, or upon poorly-drained land. Too high manuring, especially with fresh stable-dung, seems to favour its development." Keeping in view that preventing the deposition of rain or dew upon the foliage or fruit would be security against the distribution of the disease, it has been recommended that, wherever it can be done, inclosing the half-grown bunches of Grapes in paper bags would be a useful protection from infection. In some parts of Europe there is a practice of bathing or washing the Vines in early spring, before the buds have commenced to expand, with a strong solution, containing 50 per cent, of sulphate of iron, which is applied with an ordinary mop, or a large sponge. When the young shoots have attained a length of 5 or G inches, they receive a good dusting with flowers-of-sulphur, whether the disease has appeared or not. If the disease then appears, sulphur is again used, with an addition of one-third or one-half its bulk of powdered lime. If this should be ineffectual, the succeeding dustings are composed entirely of finely-pulverised lime. It only remains to be observed, as concerning the technical aspect of the subject, that some doubt has been expressed whether the fungus described by Prof. A. DeBary underthe name of Sphaceloma ampelinum, having spores only half the size (viz., 2.4 to 3 X 1m). is really the same species, although it resembles it entirely in external aspect and results. We can only add that most viticulturists and mycologists now consider that there is only one species which possesses the characteristic features of the fungus of Anthracnose, which possesses, as far as recent expe- rience goes, the larger-sized spores. We cannot attempt to reconcile the difference of dimensions, except to suggest that the smaller size may have been an error of measurement, rather than that the fungus itself should so soon have become extinct, or even so speedily evolved a higher development. M. C. Cooke. DENDROBIUM DALHOUSIE- IANUM AND ALLIED SPECIES. This large-growing species is seldom seen in such good form as it ought to be, but it is such a distinct and handsome Orchid when well-grown and pro- fusely flowered, that no collection should be without it. I have grown this class of Dendrobium for a quarter of a century, and should not like to be with- out them. They never fail us either when wanted for exhibition or other purposes. I bad one plant of D. Dalhousieianum this season that carried upwards of thirty spikes of flowers, all open at one time. It is rather curious that, as far as I am aware, no Orchid-grower in England has been able to save seed with germinating powers from this species. I have tried to cross it with other Den- drobiums, and to all appearance the flowers fertilised showed by their early collapse that the operation had been effective ; but the capsules did not swell, ami died off in a week or more. Probably the treatment afforded them in our hothouses was not conducive to the development of seed as well as Sowers. When the flowers pass away, the plants should be placed in one of the warmest houses, and where there is a very moist atmosphere main- tained. This type of Dendrobium requires a very long time to make the season's growth ; even with all the heat we can give them, the growths are sometimes not made up by November. A very thin shade for a few hours at midday is all that is needed, and when in growth give plenty of rather warm rain-water to the roots ; and after the house is shut up in the afternoon, the blinds should be removed, and the temperature by sunheat may ranee between 90° and 100°. The tops of the growing it -ins should not be far removed from the hothouse 34 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [Joly 8, 181)3. roof, and if syringing does not keep them free from green-By and thrips, fumigation must be afforded. After the season of growth, a decided season of rest, in a minimum temperature of 50° to 55°, with com- parative dryness at the roots, will cause them to flower freely the following season. This applies to most of the Dendrobiums, even D. Wardianum, one of the fieest to flower of any of them, will not do so unless rest comes after growth has been made in a high temperature and moist atmosphere. I remember on one occasion being much taken with the splendid- looking growths on some recently-imported plants of D. Wardianum ; they were stout, and some of them about 3 feet long. I saw the plants were crowded closely together, and had made their growths at some distance from the glass, trained to sticks in an upright position. I bought half-a-dozen plants, and tested their flowering against our own plants, which had made their growth in baskets and shallow pans suspended from the roof-glass, and although the growths on ours were not nearly so long, they produced quite three times as many flowers. An amateur recently complained to me that his Dendrobiums did not flower freely ; I found he obtained good growths, but kept the plants in a growing condition when they ought to have been at rest. D. Dalhousieianum requires to have its growths when in course of formation close to the glass; the tips within 3 inches of it; and gradually tie them down as they come into imme- diate contact with it. There is an excellent account of this species, with coloured plate, in Paxton's Maga- zine of Botany. It flowered at Chatsworth in 1844, and at about the same time at Messrs. Loddiges' nursery, Hackney, the great Orchid emporium in those days. It waB recommended to be grown on blocks with sphagnum moss over the roots ; but we find it does best, with plenty of pot-room, in peat and sphagnum about equal parts. D. moschatum and its variety D. cupreum or D. Calceolaria of Hooker, belong to the same type as the above, and require very similar treatment. D. moschatum was first figured in the Magazine of Botany in 1836, and again Messrs. Loddiges claim to have been the first to flower it. The tall stems (6 feet in length sometimes) militate against this species coming into general cultivation, and, indeed, I do not think so highly of it as of D. Dalhousie- ianum ; but when well managed, a flowering plant has an excellent effect in the centre of the middle table of our Cattleya- house. The flowers are cer- tainly very fugacious, but I have kept a plant in flower for two weeks when it waB required for an exhibition by placing it in a cool part of the green- house, where it was well shaded. This cool treatment when the plants are in flower does not injure any of the Dendrobiums, and when they are required for a special purpose, they may be kept back in this manner. I have bad D. Wardianum flowering in good condition in June in the greenhouse. I may add, that the flowers keep all the better when the plants are in a comparatively dry state at the roots ; a dry atmosphere is also very essential, nor should the plants be placed in a current of air. J. Douglas. found to contain in their different parts the following constituents: — GROWTH AND CULTURE OF AZALEA INDICA. {Continued from vol. xiii., p. 712.) In the present article we have to consider the results obtained during the second and third years of growth of the Azalea plants. In the month of April of the second year, the greater number of the young plants were covered with flowers; these flowers were found to contain about 6 per cent, of dry substance, and 2 8 per cent, of nitrogen. M. Truffaut states that he was much surprised to find that the flowers of Azalea con- tained 44 3 per cent, of sugar in their composition, and that 30 5 per cent, of this was cane-sugar, whereas previously it had always been considered of a glucose nature. For the Becond year of culture the average of plants to the square yaid was 157, and these were Dry sub- stance. In the dry substance. Parts of Plant. Nitrogen. Mineral matter (ash). In the Leaves ,, Stems „ Roots Grammes. 1293 1007 993 Grammes 24 04 11-27 9 53 Grammes. 33 43 42 30 52 63 Total 3293 44 84 128 36 It is of interest to notice that during the second year of growth of the Azalea, as was observed in that of the first year, the maximum of nitrogen is found in the leaves. While, however, in the first year the quantity of nitrogen contained in the roots was greater than that in the stems, the contrary was found to be the case during the second year of growth. The mineral substances absorbed by the Azalea from the soil during its second year were as follows : — Mineral Matter. Lime Potash Phosphoric acid ... Iron oxide Silica In Leaves. In Stems. In Roots. 6-31 9-18 112 2-96 6 00 4 36 2-29 2 43 1-68 0 57 0-72 0-94 15 37 11-50 4105 In Total Plant. 16-61 13 32 640 2-21 6793 These results prove that the Versailles leaf-mould provides even in the second year a sufficient amount of nitrogen for the requirements of the Azalea plant, although the Ghent mould places at the disposal of the plant a greater excess of this element. In regard to mineral substances, the two moulds furnish in the second year the following proportions: — Constituents. Ghent Mould Maurepas Mould. Lime Phosphoric acid Potash Grammes. 110 11 1761 2500 Grammes. 55-68 12-53 3146 Each of these moulds provide the plants with a sufficiency of mineral food, but the Ghent so'l gives much the larger quantity of lime and phos- phoric acid ; and it is important to note that the plants utilise more food during the second year's growth than during the first. The author concludes, therefore, that, as during the second year's growth of the Azalea, the assimi- lation of plant-food is more rapid, it is necessary, for the purpose of bringing up the French moulds to the standard of the Belgian, that an application be made of phosphate of lime, with a smaller dressing of nitrate of soda. It was found that at the end of the second period the plants had made twice as much dry-substance of roots as at the end of the third period in an equal area of soil, consequently the assimilation of food was facilitated, and explains the cause of the greater vegetative powers of the Azaleas during the second year of their culture. Third Tear of Growth. In the month of May of the third year, the Azaleas are planted in a bed of leaf-mould about forty plantB to the square yard, this being the last change of soil to which they are submitted before their con- signment for sale in the following September. The amount of plant-growth produced during the third year is shown by the following results : — Quantities in Grammes. Parts of Plant. Dry Sub- Nitrogen stance. in dry. Mineral matter (a-h). In the Leaves... ,, Stems... ,, Roots ... 1052 19-57 39-63 576 6-4i 24-19 801 7 68 1 43-43 The mineral matter, on being submitted to analysis, gave the following constituents : — Mineral Substances. In Leaves. In Stems. In Roots Total. Lime 7 30 5-i5 090 13 54 Potash 3 51 3 33 3 51 10 35 Phosphoric acid 272 1-39 1-35 5-46 Iron oxide 0-61 041 0-72 1 74 Silica 18-39 0-70 3319 52 28 These results show that during the laBt twenty- seven months of their culture, the Azaleas find in the leaf-mould in which they are grown a sufficient quantity both of nitrogen and of mineral substances to supply their wants, the Ghent mould as before giving the greater excess. The soluble plant-food is much less drawn upon for nutrition than during the second year. The general conclusions of the investigation may be briefly summarised as follows : — 1. The leaf moulds, both of Maurepas and of Ghent, are sufficiently rich in mineral constituents, and that the nitrification of the organic nitrogen is active enough to supply all that is wanted by the Azaleas. 2. Ghent leaf-mould always furnishes the plants with a greater quantity of assimilative nitrogen, of phosphoric acid, and of lime. 3 It is during the second year of culture, that Azaleas derive from the soil the maximum of nitro- genous and mineral constituents. 4. Azaleas abstract from the soil the elements following in order of prominence — silica, nitrogen, lime, potash, phosphoric acid, and iron oxide. 5. In order to imitate in France, as nearly as pos- sible, the Belgian horticulturists, who obtain such excellent results with Azaleas, it is necessary to add to the leaf-moulds obtained from the environs of Paris a certain quantity of phosphoric acid and of lime. After the experiments made at Versailles in 1892, a manurial application was given to a two-years-old Azalea plant, planted in Maurepas leaf-mould at the rate of 155 grains of phosphate of lime and 300 grains of nitrate of soda on each square yard, which pro- duced a very sensible effect, causing the plant to grow with exceptional vigour. The leaves became larger, and of a deeper green colour. Two prnnings were able to be performed instead of one. For several years it has been observed at Ver- sailles that a mixture of mould and of dried blood applied as a top-dressing, produced an analogous effect upon Azalea plantB, the colour being more p-onounced, and the vigour greater. J. J. Willis. (To be continued.) Nursery Notes. Total ... COOMBE WOOD JOTTINGS. Given a sultry afternoon, just previous to the late welcome rains, the hot sandy acclivities of Messrs. Veitch & Sons' nursery, Coombe Wood, did not seem to offer the best of inducements for an inspec- tion of the varied vegetation that covered them. A very slight glance, on getting into the nursery, showed that if water was badly required by the stock, and the drought had stopped the trans- plantation, there was nothing whatever that showed suffering which the recent rains had not already alleviated. It was remarkable that no flagging of bush or tree was observable, but honeydew abounded on some of the deciduous trees, and growth was arrested for the time. Flowering shrubs, the real olj?ct of our visit, were but scantily revealed, and those which were seen, if well blossomed, were lacking in the tints one is accustomed to see in normal seasons. The New Zealand Broom, Nothospartium Carmichaelise, with light mauve-coloured flowers, was noted in several examples ; and alongside of it grew a plant, 4 feet in height, of Eulalia japonica, with leaves narrow, and semi-pendent, and in colour white and green. July 8, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 35 A good subject as a solitary plant for a small lawn, the centre of a bed of flowering plants, or for filling a large vase in tbe open air or cool winter garden. Some Genista tinctoria gave grateful masses of a bright yellow tint ; it is one of the latest blooming of leguminous shrubs of that colour. Khus Cotinus var. purpurea differs from the ordinary form in the pinkish colour of its inflorescence, and it flowers whilst still young and of small size, whereas the type is not so precocious. Clerodendron tricho- tum was gone out of bloom, but it had been good. Deulzia parviflora, with leaves rough to the touch and double white flowers, is a very desirable shrnb. Cerasus serotinus flowered unusually early, and had set fruits abundantly. This is a very fine ornamental tree. Trees and shrubs with coloured leaves in some instances show up well among the neighbouring green-leaved subjects. Of the former Cornus Spathi, an introduction of H. Spath, nurseryman, Berlin, is a good plant, the light yellow variegation being distinct and enduring. Acer macranthum, with young shoots of scarlet colour, as regards the rind, is one of the finest ; the leaves are large and green. A. Reiten- bachi and A. Schwedleri are two fine varieties, of large growth. A. pseudo-platanus (Sycamore) pur- purea, so called from the fine purple colour on the lower side of the leaf, is a fine tree. The golden-leaved Alder and Halimodendron argenteum perhaps, than any other Lime except that of T. euchlora, and it has a white felt on the lower side. The tree is truly pyramidal in form, and its leaves remain on the tree longer than those of any other species. T. euchlora is a good grower, and also keeps its foliage till late in the year. The bright green foliage of Planera Kaki, or what we may call from its appearance the Japan Elm, afforded a cheerful contrast with the dusty soil and the evergreens around. It is quite hardy, and a good grower. The collection of American and Japanese Acers is alone worth a journey at this season or in the autumn to behold. We remarked a fine distinct-looking Bamboo with black stem — an imported piece, which would form a capital plant for a group on a lawn, whether it grows as tall or not in this country. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. CATTLEYA HARDYANAx, Statteb's Fobm. A magnificent Cattleya, with white perianth- segments, the lip frilled, golden-yellow, and finely spotted in the throat, with the front lobe amethyst- purple. It is probably a natural hybrid between C. gigas and C. aurea. Lindenia, t. 373. FlO. 11. — LUISIA PSVCBE. (SEE P. 32.) are both of them worthy of general planting, doing well near water. Castanea vesca, with white varie- gation, is a desirable lawn tree, the markings of the leaf being clearly defined, and remaining till the fall. C. v. pumila is a shrubby variety. Of purely green-leaved trees which are in present- able condition this season, and worthy of being made use of in gardens to a greater extent than at present, we may mention the following — always premising that in better soil than that of Coombe Wood is for plants not exactly peat-loving, they will succeed even better. Fraxinns Mariesi, a Japanese flower- ing Ash with graceful habit and big leaves ; Styrax obassia, another large-leaved half-tree ; Acer argu- tum and A. Farsonsii, otherwise A. japonica viti- folia, light green foliage of pleasing form ; A. car- pinifolius, a very distinct-looking tree ; Favia rubra, red flowers ; JImcuIus macrostachya, a shrub growing to a height of 6 feet, and usually broader than high, profusely covered with erect spikes of white blooms ; JE. Hippocastanum Briottii.with flowers larger than those of R. H. rubicunda. A fine plant, distinct, and of good port, is the Chestnut-leaved Beech ; as is also Gleditschia triacanthos macrocarpa. Koelreuieria paniculata is a dwarf tree, with panicles of yellow blossoms, that remains comparatively unknown in gardens. It is quite hardy anywhere in these islands, is not particular as to soil, and stands drought without apparently suffering. Tilia ameri- cana alba is another subject which drought has little effect upon, the trees at Coombe having made fine foliage and long shoots. The foliage is larger, L.ELIA Owenis: X. A supposed hybrid between L. Perrini and L. elegans. Flowers rich magenta-purple ; lip with a white throat, front lobe rich magenta. Lindenia, t. 374. Cattleya amethystoglossa tab. bosea. Differs from the type in having the flowers suffused with rose. Lindenia, t. 375. Cattleya Mossi i vab. Mendeli. Lindenia, t. 376. PIERRE POIVRE (1719—1786). (Continued from p. 8.) Fiebbe Poivbe was able to bring fine-rooted seed- lings of Nutmeg trees (Myristica aromatica) and a large number of Nutmegs (seeds) fit for sowing, of which Buffon and de Jussieu were able to pronounce the good quality. He was unable to procure any plants of the Clove trees without actually pro- ceeding to the Moluccas, because the Cloves were not sold in a fit state for germination. In spite of the essential services rendered to the French Company by Poivre, he found that, owing to internal dissensions between opposing interests in that Com- pany, his projects for the naturalisation of spices did not meet with the support which he expected. Nevertheless, with pertinacious zeal, Poivre obtained from M. Bouvet de Lozier, who was in temporary charge of the Isle of France, a small vessel of 160 tons, in which he might proceed to the Moluccas and collect the valuable spice trees which were there cultivated. In 1754, he embarked on board his small ship, the Colombe, as it was appropriately named, after the dove which Noah set adrift in the vast ocean of the Deluge to seek for the precious Olive-branch. Tttis wretched littlevessel, ill-equipped, and feebly-manned, only reached Manilla ready to sink, and wanting in all necessaries. Poivre, on his arrival, found the Philippine Islands in a state of uproar, the Spanish Government being engaged in serious q-.arrels with the native chiefs, and the King of Yolo a prisoner in the hands of the Spanish authorities. Although two of his officers deserted the Colomht, Poivre, after careening and repairing that vessel, re-embarked and proceeded on his voyage to the spice islands, in the midst of seas infested with pirates, which were wont to boldly attack large and heavily-armed ships. Probably, the very insignifi- cance and poverty of his craft ensured its safety. On reaching Timor, Poivre made friends with the native king and Portuguese governor of that island, and they procured for him several rooted seedlings of Nutmegs, and a quantity of Nutmegs fit for planting, besides some berries of the Clove-tree (Caryophyllus aromaticus), ripe and in a good state for sowing, but which were found too old to germinate. Returning safely to the Isle of France, and having delivered his freight of Nutmegs to the Legislative Council of the Island, he found to his grief that his friend, M. Bouvet de Lozier, was no longer acting as Governor, having been replaced by Colonel RenS Magon, Sieur de la Villebague, one of the Directors of the French Company, and accordingly he ob- tained leave to return to Europe, where his reputa- tion had preceded him, and on reaching France he was accorded a liberal gratuity by the Controller-general. Poivre now established himself near Lyons, in a country house, where he devoted himself to study, and to the cultivation of rare exotics from all quarters of the world. He had, since 1754, been a correspondent of the Academy of Sciences ; and tbe savant Jussieu regarded his letters as one of the valuable records of the Academy. He was now received as a member of the Academy at Lyons, where he read his " Observations on the manners and arts of the peoples of Africa and Asia." These were subsequently printed under the title of Voyages of a Philosopher, While he was making preparations for bis mar- riage, Poivre received pressing invitations from the Government to return to the Isle of France as In- tendant Ordonnateur of the Colony, and with his wife he accompanied Colonel Dumas, the Governor to Port Louis in 1767. He found the islands had fallen into a state of decay, and he worked energeti- cally to stimulate agriculture and horticulture. His address to the colonists is still extant. He showed much activity in introducing domestic animals and cattle from the Cape, Madagascar, and India, im- proved the fortifications, and succeeded in making the islands thoroughly self-supporting; so much so, in fact, that when war was imminent, and an expe- dition of 10,000 men was despatched to the colony, the Minister de Choiseul wrote to Poivre in respect to it :— " I know well that the troops are deficient of every necessary, but you are there, and we rely on your management." Poivre showed himself thoroughly equal to the occasion, and everything needful was provided and ready for the men on their arrival. S. Pasfield Oliver, Captain late Royal Artillery , Anglesey, Gosport. (To be continued.) MOVEMENTS OF THE LEAVES OF THE SENSITIVE PLANT. M. Gaston Bonnieb has lately made an important contribution to the study of the movements of the Sensitive Plant, and has given to the world the results that he has obtained while working in the Biological Laboratory at Fontainebleau, of which he is the director. The numerous authors who have gone deeply into the study of the mechanism of this plant are at 16 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jcly 8, 1893. ■variance concerning the influence atmospheric de- pression! are able to exercise on its movements. Dutrochet, for instance, says that when a vacuum is produced round the Sensitive Plant, the common petiole or leaf-stalk straightens out a little, while the folioles or leaflets behave as they do at night-time. Sachs, on the contrary, contends that the common petiole lowers itself a little ; while M. Rabsch says that the folioles alone perform any movement. It is a well-known fact, that if one blows gently on the leaf of a Sensitive Plant, the folioles will straighten themselves. If one blows a little harder, the petioles will draw together ; and if, again, one blows still harder, the whole leaf will bend right over. When the Sensitive Plant is submitted to the action of the air-pump, and a more or less strong current of air produced, this current, independently of the depression of the atmosphere, can produce one or other of the effects mentioned above. M. Gaston Bonnier says that all these movements are in inverse proportion to those which result from the depression itself. By manipulating the air-pump with more or less rapidity, M. Bonnier has been able to reproduce in the same plant the different movements described by the authors cited above. It will be seen that none of these descriptions correspond exactly to the effects produced by the depression alone. If a Sensitive Plant is placed in a conservatory at a tem- perature of 26° C, on a stand connected with the air-pump, and covered over with a bell-glass, an observer standing a little way off will see the follow- ing movements, if he have the aid of the telescope of the cathetometer:— As the pump is worked, the common petiole is raised to a position that it never attains in its normal state of wakefulness. The secondary petioles separate themselves gently from each other, and so do the opposite folioles. As M. Bonnier says, the leaves are in an exaggerated state of wakefulness, and he draws the following conclusions: — 1. A difference in the pressure round an intact Sensitive Plant immediately produces movements in the leaves which are in inverse proportion to the ordinary movements of the plant. 2. That there is a pressure above which no move- ments can be observed. It corresponds to the maximum point to which the leaf can raise itself. M. Bonnier has also made some researches on the effect of the pressure in the interior of the tissues, and on the relation between this pressure and the different movements of the leaves. To measure the pressure, a peculiar kind of manometer is required ; and as M. Bonnier had a number of Sensitive Plants at his disposal, he was able to arrive at conclusive results. His erst proposal was to find out if a dif- ference of pressure could be observed in the gland at the base of the pinna?, or in the stem when the leaves were touched ; and if this change took place, how it was produced ! Two Sensitive Plants, each furnished with a manometer, were chosen, as their variations of pressure at different hours of the day appeared much the same. It was found that during the ten minutes which followed after the leaves had been made to lower themselves by touching them, the pressure indicated by the manometer placed at the base gland was always less than the pressure observed in the same manometer during the ten minutes which preceded, or the ten minutes which followed. The conclusion arrived at was, that when the leaves of a Sensitive Plant are touched, the pressure is lowered in the gland, and that the pressure riies when the leaves return to their normal condition H. C. F. The Week's Work. « . THE ORCHID HOUSES. By W. Holmes, Gardener, Pickering Lodge, Timperley. The chief operation during the next three months is watering the plants, some requiring copious watering, whilst others just sufficient to keep the pseudobulbs plump. There are some which must be kept quite dry at the roots. After watering come damping and syringing, a point in accordance with the conditions of prevailing weather, and affording as much ventilation as is safe, it is not easy to make mistakes whilst the weather remains so warm as at present. All Orchids, which have numerous aerial roots, need considerable dampness in the house whilst new growths are being made. I am always satisfied with a Cattleya if it have plenty of roots, and these run over the sides of pots, this being a sure sign that others inside are making progress. Again, aerial roots, such as those possessed by Yandas, Aerides, some of the Oncidiums, Phalae- nopsis, derive nutriment from the atmosphere during the next few months, and I make it a practice when damping down the houses in the evening to use some sort of liquid manure, and in my case it is that from the cowshed, and, failing that, a sprinkling of guano or of soot, and sometimes fish potash-manure. It will be readily understood that these things cannot always be used, the smell being disliked by one's employer and his family. Calanthe Veitchii and C. vestita plants that are in full growth should be afforded plenty of moisture at the roots, and occa- sionally some weak manure-water. These plants do not like syringing, but they should be grown in a hot moist house. Plants of Dendrobium chrysanthum, D. c. album, and I). Statterianum, whose flower-buds are now growing fast, should be watered freely till the flowering is past, and then kept rather dry till growth begins anew, when the warmer part of the Dendrobium-house will be a suitable place for them. Miltonia Roezlii now having finished flowering, the plants may be potted or top-dressed. Annual potting is not advisable, but the operation should be done every alternate year. At the repotting, the compost is washed from the roots, and the plants dipped in a mixture of Fir-tree oil, washing them carefully, and then sousing them in clean water, and leaving them to drain for a time. The plants are then shifted into pots of various sizes, half filling the pots with clean crocks. The compost should consist of one-half good peat and one-half sphagnum moss, with some clean crocks well mixed with these. The sphagnum moss should be living. The dipping afforded the M. Roezli is the only one the plants get in the year, and it is enough to rid them of yellow thrips. Odontoglossum Rossii, O. Cer vantesii, O. cordatum, and O. maculatum may now be repotred, and kept on the shadx side of a house till growth begins, when they should be washed in the manner above described. THE HAHDY FRUIT GARDEN. By T. Turton. Gardener, Maiden Brlegh, Reading. THE RASPBERRY.— Remove early after the crop of serviceable fruit is past, the canes which have fruited so that the young ones may grow vigorously ; and cut away weak canes and brood if not required at a later date for forming new plantations. If stakes are used, which I still believe to be the best method of supporting Raspberry stems— select four of the best and least damaged canes, tying them somewhat loosely to the stakes. This applies to the summer- bearing varieties, as Prince of Wales, Fastolf, Red Antwerp, Baumforth's Seedling, &c, whilst the double-bearing kinds of which the new Superlative promises to be an acquisition, must be kept netted over where birds are troublesome. With- out endeavouring in some way to prolong the Raspberry and red Currant season, it is this year likely to be a very short one. Red Currants offer little difficulty in keeping in good condition, yet how worthless they are by themselves, either in tarts or as dessert fruit ! Should dry weather con- tinue, water copiously, add more mulching too, and encourage new plantations to make good canes, which the dry weather has prevented them doing. 8TONE FRUITS. — So long as the weather con- tinues so very warm, the breastwood which has pushed forth since the trees were last trimmed should be left to afford shade to the fruits of Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots, many of the earlier varieties being more liable to be injured in the skin by strong direct sunshine than the midieason and late varieties. After the fruit of Waterloo, Amsden June, and Alexander Peaches are gathered, afford the trees a heavy root- watering and syringing, and if red-spider be present on the foliage, rather than heavily syringe it, afford a light dewing, dust over with flowers-of-sulphur by means of a distributor, or mix the sulphur with water and syringe it on the foliage. In either case it must he left on the leaves for four or five days before it is syringed off; the trees may be kept clean afterwards by syringing them three times a week for the next two months. Heavily-cropped late varieties of Peaches, Nectarines, and Plums should receive when being watered one- sixth part of liquid manure. Copious root- waterings form the best preventa- tive against the bine aphis on Plum trees, and this year the insect is less troublesome than mual, at least in these gardens, by reason of the necessary heavy root- waterings. The season of that fine sweet Cherry, Bigarreau Napoleon, may be much prolonged by affording the trees an extra covering of fish-netting as a shading from the sun. WA8P3. — Much annoyance and labour may be saved later on by having all wasp nests destroyed early. To effect this, gas-tar may be poured into the holes leading to the nests. When the latter is higher than the entrance, the hole may be stopped with tow dipped in the same, and a piece of turf put over all, and stamped firmly into place. To make doubly sure, make a hole directly over the comb with a crowbar, and pour tar into it. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. By H. C. Pbixskp, Gardener, Suited Park, Uckfield. CABBAQES. — A sowing of Cabbage seed should be made in all parts of the country, except the southern shires. It is the practice to sow the seed on a border from which some crop has been recently taken, but better results are obtained if a spot in an open quarter be selected. Moreover, the moisture in a border is extracted by the roots of fruit trees, so that frequent waterings become necessary. The ground should be well-prepared, and drills having been drawn at 6 inches apart, the seed should be sown very thinly, it being better to occupy a bigger bit of ground, and have strong plants, than to crowd them. When germinated, water the land freely, and if crowding is likely to happen, prick out the plants while still small. A small sowing of Red Cabbage should also be made for furnishing these for autumn planting. SHALLOTS.— These should be lifted and spread out in an open shed, afterwards choosing the best and plumpest bulbs as sets for next season, which store away in a cool airy place ; the others can be stored cool for use. PARSLEY. — A sowing may be made at this season in an open spot, the plants to be transplanted to some sheltered place towards the end of the month of August, where they can be protected in winter. Plants from seed sown now will grow much faster during the autumn and early winter than those raised from spring-sown seed. If afforded plenty of room they will grow more freely when the winter is over, and will not flower so soon. POTAT08. — Early varieties are now ready for lifting in south country gardens. The tubers for seed should be selected when the crop is dug up, spreading them out to become green, and storing them afterwards in a light airy place. The nsable tnbers should be exposed to light but for a very short period of time before storing them. Clear the ground of every bit of haulm, which burn, preparing the land at once, for Turnipa or Onions, Lettuce, Winter Spinach, &c. TURNIPS. — Where the ground is rich it is yet too soon to sow the winter crop, but in the northern parts of the country a good breadth may now be sown. It is well-known that Turnips are best when freshly drawn from the ground, bat it is well to make provision for a recurrence of a winter like that of 1892—93. Thin those Turnip crops that are sufficiently forward, and keep them growing by copious waterings. SPINACH. — There is not much demand for Spinach at this season, but when vegetables become less abundant, it will again be needed in the kitchen, and sowings should be made to keep np a small supply, thinning these early, to prevent spindling. Liquid manure may be employed freely to stimulate the plants. 8ALAD8. — Make sowings of Endive, and trans- plant any which are sufficiently large. Make sow- ings of the Brown Bath and Hicks' Hardy White Cos Lettuce, these varieties doing better in the autumn months than tenderer ones, especially if much rain should fall at 'ha' season. Radishes sow on a north or other coal border, also Mustard and Cress in a similar place. Attend to watering all salad plan's whilst dry weather continues. July 8, 1893.1 THE GAR DE NEBS' CHRONICLE. 37 THE APIARY. By Expert. SHALLOW FRAMES. — The shallow frame, 5.} inches deep, is now largely used for the production of ex- tracted honey, and possesses several advantages over the standara irame when used for the same purpose. Bees take to a super of shallow frames more readily in spring than they do to one containing frames of standard size, on account of the hive not being cooled to so great an extent. They are also able, for the same reason, to completely seal over the cells sooner when filled with noney so that these frames are ready for the extractor at an earlier date. Not being so weighty as standard frames would be when filled, they can be taken away from the hive bodily, and carried to the extracting room, after the bees have first been got rid of by the use of the " super clearer." They are also easier to uncap than standard frames, as the combs are built out, and frushed more evenly and regularly. About the only drawback to these frames coming into general use is that another set of apparatus must be added to the list, compli- cating the machinery, so to speak. It should be the aim of beekeepers, if the industry is to be made a profitable one, to do with as few appliances as possible. Before deciding on the use of shallow frames, therefore, it must be borne in mind that they can only be kept for the particular purpose of extracting, and cannot, like the standard frame, be utilised for breeding purposes in the body of the hive at any time. Two shallow body-boxes 6 inches deep, will be required to each hive, in which to work them. EXTRACTING HONEY.— Before commencing the operation of extracting honey, everything should be got in readiness. Two uncapping knives should be provided, one of which can remain in the hot water, and be ready for use by the time the other is too cold to work with. In order to work well, they should be made as sharp as possible. To keep the water in which the knives are heated at an uniform temperature, a small parafin-oil stove, such a make as one known as the " Beatrice " being the handiest thing to use. A strainer, to catch the cappings, can be made by tying a piece of muslin over a wide- mouthed earthenware jar, a strip of board being fas- tened over, on which to rest the frame while slicing off the cappings, being necessary. To prevent the combs getting broken or damaged when in the ex- tractor, they should be placed close up to the wires of the cage, and in turning the handle, the speed should be slow at first, gradually increasing to the full extent. As an additional precaution, it is ad- visable to turn the combs when about half the honey on one side has been extracted, as it is the weight of the honey on the other that causes the comb to be forced through the wires of the cage. FRUITS UNDER GLASS. By M. Temple, Gardener, Carron House, Falkirk, N.B. ORCHARD HOUSES which are filled with a variety of fruits require careful management at this season, as some fruits are ripening while others are still green. If trees with ripening fruit can be removed to another structure so as to have abundance of dry air admitted at all times, the difficulty will be overcome. But trees in pots, rooting throngh into the soil, or planted out in beds, have to remain stationary, and the individual plants must be dealt with, so far as possible, separately. If the black aphis appears, keep it in check by repeated applications of insecticide ; but when fumigation can be put in practice, it is more effectual. Gishurst Compound- soap sprayed on the affected parts, and followed by dusti.igs with tobacco-powder while the foliage is damp, will effect this object; but ripe and ripening fruit must be duly considered. Peaches retain the colouring of almost all of the insect destroyers. " Killmright" I have seen used without discolouring fine flowers ; at Dundee, a friend showed me Oionto- glossum flowers which had been syringed with this insecticide. They showed no bad effects whatever from the liquid, but cleanliness and proper use of water are the most important items of management in orchard- houses at this season. Old Mushroom- bed materials form a cleanly mulching which can be used where half-rotted farm-yard manure would rightly be objected to. Stop gross shoots, to keep tne trees evenly balanced. PINERY.— The heat of the sun will now generally keep the temperature high enough for Pine-apples, and fire-heat need be but sparingly used for some weeks to come. In few districts (especially in the Njrtb) can the fires be allowed to go entirely out, sudden changes to dull and damp weather rendering their use indispensable, especially where fruits are swelling. More air may now be admitted to plants in every stage during July than at any other season, and by these means the plants may be induced to grow strongly, with stiff brittle leaves, and stout stems or root-stalks, which are tolerably certain to throw up fine fruit. A close high temperature to growing plants should be avoided, the weak resulting succulent growth defeating the object in view. Plants for fruiting early next year should at this time be well forward, and their pots well filled with roots, and ready to throw up fruit in August. All suckers which are of good size (none should be small when such can be avoided) should be potted into 7-inch rots— a useful size for those of good substance. Affjrdthem a brisk bottom-heat.and some amount of shade from bright sun till the roots have pushed freely into the new soil. Keep every part of the structure moist, but do not let water get into the hearts of the plants. Fruiters should be kept at about 70° to 75° top-heat at night, with a rise to 90° or 95° by day at shutting- up time. The warmth for the young stock should not rise above 70° at night and 85° or so at shutting up. VINES. — The period when the berries of Lady Downes' seedling Grape scald has arrived, and dry- ness, accompanied by air night and day, afford tbe only means we know of for warding off the evil. To this end, the heating apparatus should be kept warm during the night, and a chink of air left on. There is an idea that spotting of Grapes and scalding are the same. [Spotting is due to a fungus, and the conditions which favour the growth of the fungus are those which produce the spot. Ed] While I have Duke of Buccleuch Grape in fine healthy condition, with no spots on the berries, a Vine of Gjlden Queen in a Muscat-house is much scalded, but a little more air, and less moisture, accompanied with heat in the pipes, stopped the further mischief to the Qui-en. The Vines of the Duke of Buccleuch are freely ventilated, and well watered during the period the berries were swelling, but when ripening begins, all were kept dry at the root, no surface dribbling at any time allowed, a damp, cold surface being conducive to the spotting of tbe Duke. MELONS. — Those lately planted should be kept warm and moist till growth is free, then ventilated liberally, and an even bottom-heat maintained. When the plants are grown in pots, the temperature of the house or pit will keep the soil at the proper warmth. My plants grown on stages in pineries meet requirement very well, and this season crops which have been grown as indicated have been very abundant. The shoots should be stopped in due time, and when fruits show, the required number on a plant should be set at about the same time and in the forenoon. CUCUMBERS— Plants in full bearing should be well supplied with moisture at the roots, and the fruit thinned in due time. Avoid slow growth, and a cool, damp soil ; and, on the other hand, want of water. PEACHE8 AND NECTARINES.— The trees which are expected (during September and October) to ripen fruit under glass can scarcely be kept back this season. The ventilators should be kept open night and day. Leave no shoots but those required, and syringe freely. PLANTS UNDER GLASS. By Bailey Wadds, Gardener, Birdsall Gardens, York. ROSES. — During the present month plantations of Teas and other kinds of Roses should be made, and vacancies filled up. For this purpose strong plants which are growing in pots are best, and these do far better than winter or spring-planted ones, if attention be duly given to watering them in dry weather, and keeping them clean. The shoots obtained from these will afford good blooms the following spring, especially the varieties as Lamarque, Madame Caroline Kuster, The Bride, Marechal Niel, Madame Falcot, Madame Lambard, William Allan Richardson, Francisca Kruger, Catherine Mermet, Reva d'Or, and Ma Capucine — the latter very useful in the bud as a button-hole Rose. Continue to water copiously Rose borders, and do what is possible to keep red-spider in check. Roses under clear glass have needed a shading of " summer cloud " or other light material. Here they grow well and flower abundantly under Hartley's patent rough glass. Pay attention to those growing in pots, which should now be plunged in coal-ashes outside, supplied with manure-water, and freely syringed. Give the pots a turn often, to keep the roots from growing through. freezias in pots may now be shaken out, and repotted into a mixture of good loam and leaf-mould, with manure and sand added. The bulbs should be sized, selecting those of one size for a pot, so as to have fine flower spikes of the same strength in one pot. The best size of pot is a 48, and one dozen bulbs may be put in each. They should be well- drained, the soil made firm when filled in, and the bulbs placed about a quarter-of-an-inch below the surface. After potting, place them in a cool green- house or pit, and keep the soil moist, but not wet. Freesias may be pushed on in heat as required. A few imported bulbs should be added to the stock every year. LILIUM AURATUM, and all Lilies of the lanci- folium section coming now into bloom, may be afforded liquid manure, and a small amount of shade, as they do not like too much sun on the roots. Those which have flowered should have old blooms removed, and the pots plunged out-of-doors, and water afforded till the bulbs are matured, when they may be repotted, and covered with about 1 foot of coal afches, if early bloom is looked for. Lilium Harrisi for early flowering may be potted as soon as possible, and covered in the same way till the bulbs are well started. THE FLOWER GARDEN. By T. H. Crasp. LAVENDER. — This plant, so much prized for its agreeable fragrance, may be easily propagated at this season by cuttings made of young shoots put into porous, sandy mould, under a hand-light, placed at the foot of an east or west wall. The handlight should be shaded when the sun shines on it, and the soil watered to prevent it getting dry. Twice a week the top should be taken off for a quarter of an hour. The cuttings soon make roots, and must then get more air, and soon afterwards full exposure. They may be planted out in the autumn or spring. CAMPANULA PYRAMIDALIS. — Seeds of this beautiful old-fashioned bell-flower, useful in the herbaceous border as well as for pot- culture, should be sown in the open ground, or in pots or pans if preferred, using a rather rich sandy loam. Pots and pans, &c, should be placed in a cold frame, kept close, and shaded till the seed germinates, then affording air in an increasing volume. When large enough to be readily handled, pot off the seedlings singly, and stand them in a place away from the sun out-of-doors, where they may remain if plunged in coal-ashes, and afforded some light protection during the winter. When April arrives, plant them out in the open ground. Seedlings raised in the open ground may be pricked off into pans, and treated similarly, or pricked off into beds on warm borders, if slugs are not troublesome, affording slight pro- tection from frost. CONIFERS.— Seeds may be sown at this season, The more common species may be sown in the open ground in shallow drills, and the choicer ones in pans or large pots of sandy loam in a cold frame. Previous to sowing it is a good plan to immerse the seeds in water for a day or two. ROSES. — Briars planted last winter for Rose stocks may be budded this month, should have all the small shoots removed, leaving from one to three of the strongest and best placed for budding upon. Aphis still infests the shoots of Roses, and ought to be destroyed by means of a wash of Tobacco-water and soft-soap. Cuttings of Roses grown under glass root in a gentle bottom-heat very freely at the present time, and every cutting which can be pro- cured should be put in at once, for it is hardly possible to be overstocked with these. BEDDING PLANT8 will require constant atten- tion in the matter of watering should the dry weather continue. Remove decayed blooms and foliage, as when a showery time does come, work in this department will greatly increase, lawns re- quiring more frequent mowings, and walks rolling and weeding. The season of blooming of Iceland Poppies, Canterbury Bells, &c, will be prolonged if the Beed-vessels are removed when the blooms decay. The present time is suitable for selecting the varieties of these plants, and Godetias, Clarkias, Antirrhinums as seed- bearers. 38 THE GAB DENE US' CHRONICLE. [July 8, 1893. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. TUESDAY. WEDNESDAY, SATURDAY, July II ME ETI N GS. \ Royal Horticultural Society, at 1 Cbisnick. Musical TUESDAY, July 11 WEDNESDAY. July 12 THURSDAY, July 13 FRIDAY, SATURDAY, TUESDAY, FRIDAY. July' 12 ' R°yal Botanic Society : ' Promenade. July 15— Royal Botanic Society. SHOWS. 'Wolverhampton Horticultural So- ciety's Great Show (three days). Nat onal Carnation Society, Show in connection with the Royal Ho'ticultural Society, at Chis- wick. .Harleston Rose Show. Wimbledon. Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society (two days). Rose Shows at Tunbridge Wells and at Earl's Court. Provincial Show of the National Rose Society, in connection with the Show of the Horticultural Society, Worksop. Notts. P.ose Shows at the People's Palace (two days); and at Wooabridge, Suffolk. July 14— Helensburgh Horticultural. July' 15 * New Brighton Horticultural Society } and Koae Show. SALES. July 11 * ^'^ Odon'oglossum Alexandra?, at 1 Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. 1 The Gilltown Collection of Esta- July 14-' blished Orchids ; also Palm Seeds, ( at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS. AT CHISWICK.-630 3 The fortunate visitor to the two The Roses. best exhibitions of the Rose, under the auspices of the National Rose Society, that held on June 20, at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, and the other at the Crystal Palace, on July 1, will have witnessed the two best metropolitan shows of the flower for the current season. At the former, the exhibits were limited to Tea and Noisette Roses, and when the drought— which had then lasted for three months— is con- sidered, it will be admitted that the display was of considerable merit, regarding the quality, size, colour, and finish of the blooms, and the size of the show «s a whole. To say that the blooms have not been sur- passed would be a debatable statement, for 1893 has failed to be an ideal Rose year, the rain- drops and heavy dew-drops, that seem to bring out all the beauties of the flower, whilst they do really invigorate the plants and impart increased substance, and, we may assert, perfume to those flowers which possess this most desirable merit, have been absent over the greater part of the South, and a parched soil and our clumsy contrivances for affording moisture offer little compensation. To suppose, even, that the watering-can and a mulch of manure ! laid on thickly over the roots of our Roses is sufficient, is to immeasurably under-rate Nature's doings. Still, the rosarians have, in spite of the unkindly elements, done wonderfully well, and, as wo have said, the Teas and Noisettes were beautiful in the middle of a rainless June ; whilst at the Crystal Palace, Teas and H.P.'s were quite as good as could be expected. The exhibition was, as a whole, below its usual dimensions, owing to the inability of exhibitors to put up presentable stands of bloom, and perhaps to show such large numbers as in normal seasons. The South countrymen had the mortification of seeing the best prizes go to the Northern and the Midland shires, whence came undoubtedly the finest and the freshest blooms ; and amongst the prizes that went northward was the National Rose Society's Challenge Trophy, which fell to Messrs. Hauknfss & Son, of Bedale. The stands of this prize-winner were richer in hybrid perpetuals than Teas or Noisettes, and in Roses of dark tints than light ones. The fine bloom of Horace Vernet in this exhibit obtained a Silver Medal. That almost new Rose of rich rose colour and grand shape when at its best, Mrs. John Laing, was likewise excellent, as were Alfred Colomb, Madame H. Jamain, Due de Rohan, Ulrich Brunner, and Dupuy Jamain. The next best man was Mr. B. R. Cant, who secured besides the 2nd place for seventy-two blooms, a Silver Medal for The Bride— the choicest Tea Rose shown. The highest awards for forty-eight triplets went to Bedale, but that for as many single blooms and twenty-four singles to the Midlands. One of the much-coveted honours — the Chal- lenge Trophy for Amateurs, for the finest forty- eight blooms, shown in single trusses — was cap- tured by Mr. Lindsell of Hitchin. Essex and Suffolk were fortunate in coming to the front in some smaller classes, beating the redoubtable Mr. Slaughter from Sussex ; but then Sussex has suffered lamentably from drought, and in greater degree than the eastern counties. Speaking generally, the amateur contests were confined to residents south of the Humber, hence few prizes went North in the minor classes. Mr. Prince, that strong exhibitor of Teas, was not present, and Mr. Mattock had to be satisfied with a third place ; and Gloucestershire, another Rose centre, showed few Roses. The Tea Roses in the large class were well shown by Mr. B. R. Cant, Mr. F. Cant, and Messrs. D. & W. CROLLof far-away Dundee, among the traders ; and by Messrs. the Rev. A. Foster- Melliar, O. G. Orpbn, H. V. Machin, Rev. H. Bernkrs, Jas. Parker,, Conway Jones, A. Tate, Rev. J. H. Pemberton, and E. Mawley, amongst amateurs. The latter reside in a strip of the country running east and west from the German Ocean to the Severn, of less than 100 miles wide. The sun's heat and the dryness of the air have told heavily on the blossoms of Teas and Noi- settes, and in scarcely an instance were the blooms of the customary size, or with the looked-for thick substance in the petals. Some varieties seemed to have suffered less than others. These are Marochal Niel, Edith Gifford, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Madame Lambard, Caroline Kuster, Madame Bravy, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, and Marie Van Houtte, the cream of the Tea Roses. Amongst new varieties, mention may here be made of that fine H.P. Mrs. R. G. Sharman- Crawford, a flower large, good in form, of a clear rose tint, rather deeper in the centre, and possessing some fragrance. Marchioness of Londonderry is of ivory-white, large, with stout petals, and fragrant. The striped rosy-purple Rose, Merrie England, has some promise, but there is the fact that it is striped against it. Helen Keller, pink in hue, and of fine shape, is a beautiful novelty, only we have already so many of this tint. Of less new varieties, it was noted that Gustave Piganeau is finding favour with rose growers. It is an excellent, large bloom, not unlike Paul Neyron, and likely to take a high place on the exhibition table. The colour is light crimson, and it is spoken of as a Rose of floriferous habit, excellent for beds. Charles Gater is a fine crimson-coloured hybrid perpetual. Mrs. Paul (P.ourbon), Duke of Fife, Paul's Early Blush, Marie Magat, Waban, were of fair quality. This by no means exhausts our list, but they are the best of the novelties shown. As regards the summer bloom of south- country Roses, we have seen them at their best for this season, although cooler weather and heavy rains would maintain the plants in fair bloom for some time longer, and the renewal of exhausted mulches would tend to the same result. It was remarked at the late show that dark- coloured varieties were exceedingly rich in colour, and did not appear to have suffered as dark flowers generally do from " burning ; " perhaps the cultivators had taken especial care of them. We ought to glean some useful lessons with regard to late versus early pruning this season, and doubtless it will be found that early pruning unduly hastened blooming, whilst late pruning has enabled good flowers to be secured at about the present time ; but we are not good at pro- phecy nowadays, and many will say — had we but known ! THE White ROSE OF YORK, says the Plant- lore and Garden- crajt of Shakespeare, has never been satisfactorily identified. It was clearly a culti- vated Rose, and by some is supposed to have been only the wild White Rose (R. arvensis), grown in a garden. But it is very likely to have been tbe Rosa alba, which was a favourite in English gardens in Shakespeare's time, and was very probably intro- duced long before his time, for it is the double variety of the wild White Rose, and Gerahde says of it : — " The double White Rose doth grow wilde in many hedges of Lancashire in great abundance, even as Briers do with us in these southerly parts, especially in a place of the countrey called Leyland, and in a place called Roughford, not far from Latham." It was, therefore, not a new gardener's plant in his time, as has been often stated. I have little donbt that this is the White Rose of York ; it is not the R. alba of Dr. Lindlet's monograph, but the double variety of the British R. arvensis. The White Rose has a very ancient interest for English- men, for " long before the brawl in the Temple Gardens, the flower has been connected with one of the most ancient names of our island. The elder Pliny, in discussing the etymology of the word Albion, suggests that the land may have been so named from the White Roses which abounded in it — ' Albion insula sic dicta ab albis rupibus, quas mare alluit, vel ob rosas albas quibus abundat.' Whatever we may think of the etymological skill displayed in the suggestion ... we look with almost a new pleasure on the Roses of our own hedgerows, when regarding them as descended in a straight line from the 'rosas albas ' of those far-off summers." Quarterly Review, vol. cxiv. Floral Decorations at St. James's PALACE. — In view of the marriage of His Royal Highness the Duke of York and Princess May, the chapel, corridors, staircases, and other parts of the interesting but rather depressing-looking palace, were rendered beautiful with a profusion of flower- ing and foliage plants. TheBe came in chief part from the royal gardens at Frogmore, and to Mr. Owen Thomas, the Queen's gardener, the credit for the exceedingly pretty decoration was due. The chief feature of the Chapel Royal was the tasteful drapery of the two square pillars of the window, consisting of white and crimson Roses in panels. The window was flanked with tall Bamboos, which arched over it. The recess under the window was furnished with cut flowers in tall glasses, and just above the altar an emblem was devised in white York Roses on a carpet of moss. The best bit of decoration, and also the most extensive, was that of the staircase leading to the chapel. The recess or well at tbe side of the stairs was entirely filled with a mass of flowering plants, Palms, Ferns, Crotons, Alocasias, Caladiums, &c, the whole forming, as it were, an avalanche of beautiful things. Conspicuous were Clethra alnifolia, Marguerites — white and yellow, Fuchsias, Heliotropes, Carnations, many Hydrangea horteneis and H. paniculata, I. ilium longiflorum m O a 3 O) w oT z w Q < O < O o w at o H O July S, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 39 Harrisii, Gloxinias, Eiicas, and Francoa ramosa (Bridal Wreath). Conspicuous in one corner was a fine bloom of the white variety of Nelnmbium speciosum, the greatest rarity in the whole display, and of which we give an illustration, fig. 12. The colonnade was beautified by twining garlands of white and red Roses round the pillars, and suspending festoons from each pillar to the opposite wall, and baskets of Orchids from the ceiling over the festoons. Some of the windows looking east over the low roofs of the shelters in the courtyard were filled with Hydrangeas, Palms, Pelar- goniums, Caladiums, Carnations, &c, with excellent effect. Immense quantities of Roses, Lilies, Stepha- notis, Tuberoses, Carnations, and Gladioli were em- ployed in the various decorations. A white Provence Rose, with a calyx almost like that of a Moss Rose, and a delicate perfume, did duty for the Rose of York, and Mr. Owen Thomas might well have said : — " Then will I raise aloft the milk-white Rose, With whose sweet smell the air shall be perfumed." Perfumed the air certainly was, and even the London streets were redolent of Roses. What the Rose of York may have been, may be best gleaned from the quotation from Canon Ellacombe's Plant-lore of Shakespeare, given above. The Bridal Bouquets.— The royal bride's and bridesmaids' bouquets were comprised of the following flowers: — H.S.H. the Princess Victoria Mart of Teck, the bride, carried a shower bouquet, in which the predominant flower was the old white Provence Rose, the white Carnation The Bride, OdontoglosBums, Cattleyas, Orange-blossom, Myrtle and Lilies of the Valley (at this time of year scarce and very rare), interspersed with choice Ferns and delicate foliage. There were ten bridesmaids' bouquets comprised of similar flowers shaded with a pretty Cattleya Mendeli of mauve colour. H.R.H. the Princess of Wales and her daughter also carried bouquets, which were principally arranged with York Roses, white Carnations and the choicest Orchids that could be procured. T.R.II. the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Yoik wore Gardenias in their coats. In all there were fourteen bouquets carried by as many royal princesses, a unique and unprecedented occurrence in the history of royal marriages. Buckingham Palace has not for many years been made to assume such a gorgeous appearance. At every turn one made, we were confronted by a galaxy of the choicest flowers. The most pre- dominating variety of Rose was the old white Provence Rose. The Royal Banquet on Wed- nesday was served in the state dining-room. Here was displayed the magnificent gold plate interspersed with choice exotics. The Wedding Breakfast was served in the state dining-room, a series of round tables having been arranged in the centre of the room, and buffets on either side. At the back of these was displayed the magnificent service of gold plate. To accommodate the numerous guests in- vited by Her Majesty to the Royal Wedding, the spacious ball-room was set apart as an impromptu breakfast-room. Here some 400 to 600 guests were provided with breakfast. This room was, like the spacious state dining-room, most elaborately deco- rated with choice exotics; and as the state dining- room opens into the ball-room, or, as on this special occasion, it may be called, " Her Majesty's specially invited guests' breakfast-room," the effect of the combined elaborate floral display can be more easily imagined than realised. The whole of the floral decorations, including the wedding bouquets, were by Royal command entrusted to Wills & Segab, of Onslow Crescent, South Kensington, who have for an unbroken period of upwards of twenty-six years supplied the floral decorations at Buckingham Palace, and for nearly twenty years to their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales at Marlborough House. National Chrysanthemum Society.— A special meeting of the General Committee and also of the Floral Committee will take place at the Royal Aquarium, Westminster, on Friday, July 21, at 6 o'clock in the evening, to examine some frozen blooms of Chrysanthemums sent from Sydney (Aus- tralia), for the opinion of the National Chrysanthe- mum Society; and the transaction of general business. Members of the Society not being members of the general or floral committees are invited to attend at 7 o'clock to inspect the frozen blooms. The annual outing will take place on Monday, July 17, and those participating will assemble at Paddington Station at 8.10 a m. ; the train leaving Paddington for those playing in the cricket match, and such friends as wish to accom- pany the players, at 8.20. Tho«e going by the second train Bhould assemble at Paddington Station at 10.50 a.m. ; the train leaving at 11 o'clock. Trains leave High Wycombe at 8 o'clock and 9.10 am. Arrangements have been concluded for a match of cricket to take place between members of the Ayles- bury Floral and Horticultural Society and of the National Chrysanthemum Society ; also to view the State Rooms of the Ab .ey, to look over the grounds and gardens, and to inspect the chairmaking factory of Mr. W. Bibch, Denmark Street, near the Abbey. The charge for the day, inclusive of railway journey to and from Paddington Station, and dinner and tea on the grounds, will be 8s. 6d. Ladies are spe- cially invited. During the afternoon, Mr. F. W. Miles, the proprietor of the Red Lion Hotel, will convey visitors to Hughenden Manor. National Rose Show at Worksop.— We are desired by Mr. J. Snow Whale to make the follow- ing known to our readers : — " I shall esteem it a favour if you will allow me to make the following communication to intending exhibitors through your columns : — To the train leaving King's Cross at 10.40 p.m. of July 12, the Great Northern Railway Company has kindly consented to attach a special van for Rose-boxes. This train will take up at Hitchin. It will be met at Worksop, where it arrives at 2 18 A v., and the boxes can, if exhibitors so wish, go direct to the show-ground and be placed in charge of a night watchman. The next train out of King's Cross is 5 15 am. (morning of July 18). This, Mr. Cockshott, the Superintendent of the line, tells me is one of the heaviest and fastest trains of the day, and on that account it will not be prac- ticable to attach to it an extra van. Mr. Cockshott will, however, make arrangements for conveyance of exhibitors' boxes by this train, if I can give him some idea of the number of boxes, and from what stations they will require to be conveyed. The train will take up at Retford at 8.20, and reach Worksop at 8.31 a.m. There is another train from Retford at 8 23, reaching Worksop at 8.40 a.m., and exhibitors joining the M. S. and L. system at Retford (especially those bringing much cargo) will find more accommo- dation by it than by the express. From Sheffield, exhibitors will find a van for their boxes on the train leaving at 7.15 a.m., and I am asking the Mid- land Company to make due provision on the train leaving Nottingham at 6 a m , and Mansfield at 7 a.m. I shall be much obliged if exhibitors intending to make ubb of the 5.15 a.m. train will at once let Mr. George Baxter (our Hon. Secretary, 69, Bridge Street, Worksop) or myself know as near as may be what they will bring with them, and where they will join the trains, so that I may be able to reply to Mr. Cockshott's inquiries. No doubt, so far as the Rail- way Company is concerned, the 10.40 p m. train is best. It will be a help to the local committee to know the number of boxes they will have to meet by the other trains, but this is of less consequence." Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— The Committee met at the Horticultural Club, on the 30th ult„ but ;na business transacted was of a formal character. There was a good attendance of members. International Botanical Congress.— An International Botanical Congress will be held at Madison, Wis., U.S.A., beginning August 23, 1893, and continuing three or more days. All botanists are eligible to membership, and are earnestly requested to attend the sessions, so far as possible. A membership fee of two dollars will be required. The purpose of the Congress is the presentation and discussion of botanical questions of general interest relating to the advancement of the science. It is expected that the International Standing Com- mittee on Nomenclature, appointed laBt year at the Genoa Congress, will present its first report at this time. Papers embodying research will not be received, but such papers, whether by American or foreign botanists, may be presented before the Botanical Section or the Botanical Club of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, which holds its annual meeting preceding that of the Congress (August 17 to 24). EMIGRATION. — We have received the following for publication from the Emigrants' Information Office, 31, Broadway, Westminster, S.W. : — " Emigrants to Canada should start at once ; there is a good demand for farm hands during the next two or three mouths, but after September the demand falls off. Government Agents now travel with Emigrants on trains going from Quebec to places west of Lake Superior, in order to give them advice and protection en route. " Work in New South Wales, especially in towns, continues to be very scarce. The Government have reduced the salaries and numbers of their employes ; wages have also been reduced in collieries and other private establishments. The best openings are for men who are experienced in fruit-growing, in the drying and packing of fruits for export, in the manage- ment of irrigated and unirrigated orchards, in wine-making, and in the manufacture and packing of butter and cheese. Domestic servants continue to be in steady demand throughout the colony. The towns of Victoria, and especially Melbourne, are full of men seeking work, and no working-man should go there at present. Several strikes have occurred, and salaries and wages, both in the public service and in private establish- ments, have been reduced all round. With the object of providing employment, and drawing men away from the over- crowded towns, the Government have thrown open more land for settlement, and have taken steps to initiate village settle- ments, to construct two or three country railways, and to assist the formation of Labour Colonies. In South Australia the demand for labour is very small, and has been badly affected by the depression in the mining industry, and the low price of wheat and wool. In Queensland the depression at Brisbane. Ipswich, Towi-sville, and other places still continues. The only demand for any kind of labour is for domestic servants, to whom the Queensland Government gives free passages from this country. •• In Western Australia the chief demand is for female domestic servants, who are offered free passages, for farm- labourers, and labourers on the Midland and other railways and public works under construction ; the building trade is dull. In Tasmania, there is considerable depression in all trades at Hobart. Plenty of good labour is to be had in the Island at 5s. a day. New Zealand is in a prosperous condition, and offers many advantages to settlers. In Cape Colony a Labour Commission is now enquiring into the alleged scarcity of farm and other labour, and as to the advisability of en- couraging the Introduction of European emigrants. Trade has been bad at Kimberley. but at Cape Town the construction of the new sewerage works will provide work for many. In British Bechuanaland the railway is now being extended from Vryburg to Mafeking. In Natal there is no special demand for labour. New land regulations have been issued under which cultivation is no longer made a condition of occupation by purchasers of Crown Lands. Agricultural farmers and their families are now given assisted passages to the Colony on certain conditions. M Official information has been received, that an Agent has been sent from Brazil to induce two thousand Scotch emigrants to go to the State of San Paulo in that country. In view of the suffering and loss of life, which have been occasioned by previous schemes of this nature, all persons are again most strongly warned not to go to this or any other part of Brazil." A Big OUTING. — The employes of Messrs. Smith & Co., St. John's Nurseries, Worcester, had their 19th annual excursion on Monday the 19th ult. Llandudno was the place chosen for this year's outing, and accompanied by their wives and friends, the whole party numbering 450, travelled by way of the Severn Valley in a special train. UNIVER8ITY OF OXFORD.— In the first public examination in mathematics, James Frank Hudson, Jesus College, is placed in the firBt class in the honours school. The fortunate winner of this honour is the son of Mr. J. Hudson, gardener to Messrs. Rothschild, Gunnersbury House, Acton, and a frequent contributor to these columns. Red CURRANT.— Mr. E. J. Lowe sends us speci- mens of the finest variety we have yet seen. The bunches measure about 4 inches in length, or, only 40 THE GA I? DENE 7? S' CHBONI CL E. [July 8, 189a. countiDg the fruit-producing poition, 3A inches, the number of berries on each cluster varying in the specimens before us from 15 to 18. The largest berries mtasure fully half an inch in diameter, are not quite globose but slightly depressed at the top, and of a dark red crimson colour. The flavour is not so acid as that of some other varieties. Mr. Lowe tells us that this handsome variety was the result of a cross between Raby Castle and the Cherry Currant. Royal Botanic Society: Evening Fete — The favourable weather attracted a numerous com- pany to the gardens of the Royal Botanic Society on Wednesday evening, the occasion of its annual evening fese. The spectacle presented was as brilliant as in previous years, and as the illuminations were on a more magnificent scale, the evening could hardly fail to be one of great enjoyment. The table and other decorations were, for the most part, extremely good, and constituted a great feature. The magnificent collection of Roses from Messrs. Wm. Paul, Waltham Cross, and the herbaceous flowers from Messrs. Cheals' nurseries at Crawley, and from Messrs. Babe & Son, of Covent Garden, added materially to the brightness of the exhibition. MARKET GARDENING UNDER GLASS. (.Continued from vol. xiii., p. 714.) Me. Edmund Rochfoed, Cheshunt. A place at present consisting of some 10 acres ofglass, and situate about half a mile nearer Cheshunt station than that of Mr. T. Rochford's noticed in vol. xiii., p. 714. We give the locality, but would advise any who are contemplating making a visit to be sure that they will be granted admittance, for it is pretty generally understood that visitors are not greatly desired in these market - supply- ing establishments. All time and attention are centred upon growing the most suitable kinds of fruit and flowers, to the highest degree of condition, and at the least possible cost, and to presenting them at the market in the same condition they are in when leaving the establishment. A visit to the packing-sheds quickly convinces one of the importance attached to this operation in the best managed gardens. They are packing Tomatos, and these are sorted out into two and often three qualities. If the consignment is composed of one variety only, they will be put up as three samples, but two qualities. Thus, all perfect fruits will be classed into two samples, and both of these may be called " bests," and the other will be com- posed of fruits that are ill-shapen, or have some little disqualification. They are packed into small round hampers, each containing 12 lb., and are covered over with paper, the colour of which varies with the samples, and is understood as well by the buyers as by the producers. There must be no such thing as " topping "—a word used in the trade to describe the practice of placing a few superior fruits on the top— or the reputation of the sender is soon lost. The same care and attention is given to the packing of everything sent away, and in this direction has been made as great progress from the old system of non-selection as that made in any branch of the trade. The first house we entered with Mr. Richford was one on the ridge-and-furrow system. It has nineteen divisions, each of which is 260 feet long and 28 feet wide. The whole of this immense house is planted with Vines; they are only about two years old, and are just bearing a few bunches as their first crop. The centre of each division is planted with Tomatos, fruiting in the most liberal manner possible. Other houses, consisting of sixteen divisions, contain Vines about six years old. Most of these were bearing capital crops, but particularly some houses. In these the bunches and berries were quite extra, and the crop such as one seldom sees. Of varieties there were but three represented, Back Alicante, Muscat of Alexandria, and Gros Colmar. Taere are fifty-seven divisions, varying from 90 feet to 120 feet in length, devoted to Cucumbers. Many of them have borne a first crop, and after giving a few more fruits, will give place to a batch of young plants that are being prepared for the purpose. Adiantum Ferns are a large feature heie; they are grown for supplying fronds chiefly, and not so much for the plant trade. About 7000 plants of Solanum capsicastrum are in 5-inch pots, and are already covered with blossom. Indian Azaleas and a large stock of zonal Pelar- goniums, variety Raspail, are kept for supplying cut flowers. Plants for window furnishing and general decoration are grown in large quantities for spring supply. In respect to the fruit, the output of Grapes this year will be about 28 or 30 tons, but as so many of the Vines are only just coming into bearing condition, it will in two years be equal to 70 tons. The supply of Tomatos last season was about 75 tons, and of Cucumbers in the season about 1200 dozen are sent away each week. The best systems of heat- ing have been adopted, and of supplying an unlimited quantity of water to the establishment. In all there are 112 houses, beside several pits. (To be continued.) Notices Books. Poultry for the Table and Market. By W. B. Tegetmeier, F.L.S. (Field office, Bream's Buildings, E.C.) That this work has reached a second edition is in itself a proof of its practical utility. The author has improved it with additional chapters and illustra- tions, and it is altogether a book which every poultry-fancier should obtain. The Book of Choice Ferns. Parts 17 and 18.* The work nearing completion lacks nothing of its former excellence of detail, and when it is com- pleted it will be a great boon to gardeners and plantsmen. Part 17 continues the genus Notho- chlsena, and deals with Oleandra, Onychium, Ophio- glossum, Osmunda, and Pelltea. Part 18 finishes Pellfea, Platycerium, and Piatyzoma, and gets well on with the large and somewhat troublesome genus Polypodium. Part 17 gives fine coloured illustra- tions of Lomaria discolor bipinnatifida, Hymeno- phyllum pulcherrimum, and a view of the central avenue of the conservatory, Chatsworth. Part 18 gives a coloured plate of Polypodium glaucophyllum, and fine full-page illustrations of Nephrodium lepi- dum and Lygodium japonicum, and in both numbers, as in the preceding, the principal species are well illustrated throughout. Florists* Flowers. . — _ .«. GERANIUM MACRORHIZUM. I have had for two or three years a plant of this species that was in flower all May. It thrives equally well in the mixed border or on the rockery ; is only a few inches high, with a cir- cumference of 4 feet, and very floriferous. The flowers are a dark rose-red, two or three on a stem ; leaves palmate, with the fingers widely spread. The habit is not herbaceous, but shrubby. I recommend the plant to the favourable notice of any amateur # The Booh of Choice Frrns for the Garden, Conservatory, and Stove. (London : L. Upcott Gill.) who may find it in a catalogue. It flourishes at a time when flowers in the mixed border are scarce. I believe I had it from Mr. Thompson of Ipswich. C. Wolley Dod, Edge Hall, Malpas. Cyclops Pink. It surprises me to find, judging from the visitors to my garden, that the Cyclops Pink is so little known. It is not a florists flower, being strictly single, but it is novel, distinct, and ornamental. In substance it seems intermediate between single Fink (Dianthus plumarius) and Carnation (D. caryo- phyllus). The flowers are round and large, 2 inches across, with the petals a little indented, of various shades of purplish-pink, and a large eye of deep purple, from which, I suppose, it takes its name. The Sowers grow on stiff stalks, less than a foot high, and whilst in this garden double Pinks and Carnations, if they flower at all, invariably burst and tumble about in great untidiness, this single flower is neat, whether growing or cut. The flower- ing lasts through June and July, and though apt to run into forbidden colours, a selection may be made to avoid this fault, as the plant grows easily, either from seed or cuttings. Mr. W. Thompson of Ips- wich introduced it to me, either by seed or seedlings, three or four years ago, and I know nothing more of its history. Some of the single garden forms, or hybrids of D. plumarius, with long fringed edges and dark eyes, seem to lead up to this variety, which in size and substance far surpasses anything I have before seen in single Pinks. C. Wolley Dodd. Lathyeus eotundifolius. Suffer me to put in a plea for the more extended cultivation of that showy perennial Pea Lathyrus rotundifolius. It needs to be planted in good soil in an open position, and then when assisted by a spring mulching of manure, the plant grows into a large bush, and blossoms with remarkable free- dom, its bright carmine flowers being very attrac- tive. The plants rapidly increase in size, and adds annually to the abundance of its brilliant blossoms. Like most, if not all, the Everlasting Peas, brilliant sunshine operates to bleach its blossoms, but there is always a large surface of brilliant colour presented to view when the plant is at its best. Some years ago, I got a form of it under the name of Lathyrus Drummondii, which I take to have been a seminal variety of L. rotundifolius, but differing slightly in that the blossoms are rather deeper in colour, and it does not seed so freely. But of the great decorative value of either form there can be no doubt. S. D. A TRAVELLER'S NOTES. (Continued from vol. xiii„ p. 570.) Miyanoshita : May 2, 1892.— Since I left Yoko- hama, a week ago, it has rained every day except one. Not only has it rained every day, but in almost every instance, the entire day. I first went to Kamakura, chiefly celebrated for its great bronze figure of Buddha, known as the Daibutsu, the interior of which is used as a temple. The figure is 491 feet high and 97 feet in circum- ference ; but pernap8 you may form a better idea of its size from the following dimensions (the whole is, of course, in proportion) : circumference of thumb, 3 feet ; length of eye, 4 feet, the eyes are said to be of pure gold. The figure is formed of sheets of bronze, cast separately, and welded together. The Temple of Hachiman is also prettily situated near the same village, and approached through a fine avenue of Pines, which loses itself in two young groves of Cryptomeria. In front of the temple is a fine and historically famous Ginkgo nearly 20 feet in diameter ; and not far distant on the banks of a Lotus-pond, are three Willows, stated by a guide- book to be nearly 700 years old. Ilex integrifolia was flowering well in this part of the country, and so freely as to make it really pretty, large close bushes, some 20 feet high. I clambered up the hill behind and found an Iris growing and flowering freely. I have since seen it in other places in far greater quantity. Round this village and in the temples, Rhodeas, Dendropanax japonicus, Cherries, and Maples July 8, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 41 (palmatam), are Dot uncommon. The temples alone have a few red Maples. Barley and Beans here, as in the whole Ilakone district, are largely culti- vated ; the former looks magnificent. Bice is still backward. At the next place I went to, I spent the night ; it is a peninsula at low, an island at high water. On arriving, and going to the best native inn, we were informed the Empress was expected on the morrow, and we could not be taken in. We found quarters elsewhere, n> v first experience of eating and sleeping in Japanese style. Begarding the former, Empress did not come. I went around the island — only a few hilly acres covered with an undergrowth chiefly of low Bamboo beneath Pines and Oaks. My next idea was to ascend Mount Ozatna, 4100 feet. I got into an inn and waited one and a ball days to go up the mountain, but when the third day opened with continued rain, it became clear I might wait for weeks, so I came away. The mountain is ascended by a series of steps, some three, four, or five every 50 yards or so, and is said to be a most fatiguing climb. From Ozama I came here — a well-known health flowering freely, and Violets were very common. The commonest plant of all was perhaps the one known as the Man's Bamboo, with short, stiff, slim, close stems some 3 to 4 feet in height. This covers the sides of many hills. B. senanensis is also met with. Around this district, known as the Hakone region, it is usual, in the early months of every year, to burn the low forest on the sides of the hills — many are, therefore, now bare, having as yet scarcely recovered. Near Lake Hakone is a fine avenue of Cryptomeria japonica, they mast be over 100 feet high, the stems quite straight, and very Fig. 12 —the white fobm of nelombium speciosum : used in the wedding decobations at st. james's palace, (seb p. 39 ) I heartily support the opinion of Murray's new guide- book, " Many who view Japanese food hopefully from a distance have found their spirits sink and their tempers embittered when brought face to face with its unsatisfying actuality." Bice, fish. Bamboo and soup are good, and with a few things of one's own, one can do pretty well. Sleeping accommodation is comfortable except the pillows, which are either of wood or of hard rammed straw. One sleeps on four, and under one padded quilt, and tri»s not to think who slept there before. These quilts are very warm and comfort- able ; but needless to say, the animal kingdom is largely represented. Next day it rained the entire time, and the resoit— with sulphur springs and European hotels (managed by Japs). On the road we came through a magnificent avenue of Fines lining the old Toleaido route — the most frequented and famous road in the whole empire before the revolution of 1868 and the introduction of railways. About Miyanoshita, which itself is in a hilly district some 1400 feet above sea level, are several pretty walks to be made and mountains to be ascended — in fact, a flat walk is almost unobtainable. I have taken the two prin- cipal walks, one to Lake Hakone and back by the crater of Ojigoka, the other to the Temple of Sajoyi. The lake, a very pretty one surrounded by hills, is situated about 5 miles from here. On the road there, Pyrus japonica, only a few inches high, was close together, seldom more than 6 feet between each tree, often closer. In order to return to Miya- noshita, I rowed across the lake, and noticed a pretty Azalea in flower on the banks. Its blooms are pale reddish-purple, perhaps rather washy, but they are produced freely, and when reflected in the water from the banks above are rather pretty. On ap- proaching the crater of Ojigoka, or " big hell," the path is lined with Fieris japonica, usually about 20 feet high. It is growing in a very straggly ngly manner, its reddish-brown main stems beiDg the most striking feature. I noticed a good deal of seed on these plants. The crater is a large open space, devoid of vegetation, and reeking of sulphur. The Temple of Saijoyi is perhaps a more interesting 42 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Joly 8, 1893. excursion. One first ascends some 3000 feet to Myo- jin-ga-take, and then descends to 1400 feet, where the temple is situated, and has been there for nearly 500 years. Violets were flowering prettily all over the slope, and on and near the summit only were a dwarf Aster and a brown Adonis, both unknown to the guide and people in the village below. The Aster was rather small, perhaps an inch in diameter, and of the usual Aster blue. The Adonis was fair- sized, and the brown of a distinct pleasing shade. On nearing the temple we passed down a gorge, in which were great bushes of Aucuba vera, flowering freely, with branched panicles, growing in the shade of Cryptomerias, and with plentv of moisture they were wonderfully luxuriant. The temple is sur- rounded by a great grove composed of many hundreds of magnificent Cryptomeriajaponica. with stems vary- ing from 3 to 6 feet in diameter. It contains many buildings, staircases, and courtyards spread over a considerable area. In one of the courtyards is a nice clump of the black Bamboo, nearly 20 feet high ; whilst growing around on every side in the wildest profusion, is the Iris described in the earlier part of this letter — thus flowering in quantity, it is singularly effective. James H. Veitch. (To be continued. ) Home Correspondence. EARWIG8.— I should think that if " C. C. B." (June 24, p. 754) were to strew a mixture of finely- silted fresh-slacked lime and soot over his lawn, when damp, it would have the desired effect. Perhaps it would be better to do so at a time when the ear- wigs congregate thereon. I have never tried tbii remedy on earwigs, but I have on other garden pests with complete satisfaction. H. W. Ward. A TULIP TREE IN A GARDEN.— Probably the finest specimen of a Tulip tree to be found in the United Kingdom is the one growing in the centre of the kitchen garden of The Hirsel, Lord Home's Berwickshire seat. Planted two hundred years ago, it has grown into a wide-spreading tree, a very con- spicuous object in the view. Mr. Cairns, the gar- dener, put the tape around it at 2 feet np, and it girthed 23 feet. I question if it reaches a greater girth even in its native country, North America. The Liriodendron is beautiful at all seasons— in the spring when it puts forth its large bright green leaves, later on when it is covered with flowers, and in the autumn when the leaves become a bright yellowish colour. Vagabond, THE DROUGHT, AND WATERING.— In reply to "D.," p. 750 of Gardeners' Chronicle, June 24, I have nsed a fire-hose latelv for watering as much as possible, and find it efficacious, the water used being in limited quantity was only available occa- sionally, and for a small part of the garden, but the benefit derived was immense, and greatly in excess of ordinary watering by means of watering-pots. The water was forced about 80 feet into the air, above the plot of ground to be watered, and descended like a heavy shower of rain, besides being warmed in its descent. The advantage of thoroughly soaking the whole of the land as far as the hose will reach is very great, the water being warmer than if sup- plied by means of a watering-pot, the air surround- ing the plants cooled, and the plants refreshed for a considerable time if the watering is done of an even- ing. If we should get a succession of seasons like the present one, the water supply in many gardens will require putting in an efficient order. W. H. Divers, Ketton Hall Gardens, Stamford. TROP/EOLUM POLYPHYLLUM.— This plant de- serves all that "Vagabond" says in its praise in the Gardeners' Chronicle of June 24, p. 750. It is certainly one of the most beautiful of our hardy flowers, and when well established, it grows and flowers profusely, and does not seem particular as to soil. I have seen it growing well on limestone and on clay ; but if the plant at Scone bears " trefoil " leaves, it is very different to the one which I have always seen under this name. It fails to grow in some instances from the attacks of the small black slug and its relations, which seem to have an unfailing appetite for it when it first starts into growth, and I am not certain that the tuberous root is able to withstand severe frost, unless it is planted deeply or protected. As a British gardener, I would like to inform "Va- gabond "that we do not deserve the slur he attempts to cast upon us, as I know of four places, within a short distance from Ketton, where the plant is well grown ; it is therefore not " neglected by every gar- dener except Mr. McKinnon. W. H. Livers, Ketton Hall Gardens, Stamford. B0NE8 AS DRAINAGE FOR CHRYSANTHEMUMS. — Mr. Dean's note on the above was of much inte- rest to me, as I experienced the same thing with some large Crotons growing in pots that I had drained with bones in February last. The plants went on well for a fortnight after the repotting, and then began to droop. Thinking the ball must be dry, a good soaking of water was afforded, but they became worse, and the leaves began to drop. On turning the plants out of the pots, the bones were observed to be quite decayed, and run together, a putrid mass, with an unbearable stench. Every root that had come in contact with or near the bones was dead. The plants were repotted, and have not yet quite recovered their vigour. I may here say that these plants were drained with bones for years, in exactly the same manner as this year. On making a complaint to the seller, I was told they were extra strong, and that I must be a novice, and did not know the use of them, with which I quite agreed. I was pleased that the discovery was made early in the season, or all my Chrysanthe- mums would have been drained with these bones. Hackwood. AZOLLA: A CORRECTION (p. 15).— Will you kindly allow me to say that careful examination and comparison with Strasburger's and Campbell's figures makes it almost certain that the species sent you is Azolla filiculoides, not A. pinnata or caroliniana. Greenwood Pirn, PROLIFEROUS TREFOIL.— Your notice of a pro- liferous Strawberry induces me to send you a remark- able instance of a proliferous Trefoil, in which all the florets are transformed into young shoots. It was growing in the heart of a Strawberry plant. The bed has been watered with manure-water. Perhaps a great check, and then a sudden stimulus, may in some part account for it. Geo. Wall. [A very good example of the substitution of leaves for flowers. This Clover, T. repens, is very subject to the change. Ed.] FRUIT GROWING AT ONSLOW HALL.— The culti- vation of fruits at the above place is being carried on with energy and intelligence, the information given by the county council lecturer having evidently afforded the gardener a decided stimulus in this direction. The Apple and Pear trees in the open quarters of the garden, bushes as well as pyramids, espaliers, and trained trees, have been partially lifted, the roots pruned as regards the larger ones, and some of the sandstone rock, which contained a large quan- tity of iron, was removed from about them, its place being taken by suitable kinds of soil. The trees bear evidence of the beneficial nature of the work done, the present season's growth looking of a healthy colour. The caterpillars have given infinite trouble this year, but having been kept under, the damage done is not great. The crops of Apples and Pears are good, and in many instances they have had to be thinned, as also the fruits on Plums and Apricots on wall trees. The paths over tne roots next to the fruit wall were mulched with manure upon which burnt earth or refuse, of which a quantity was kept in an open shed ready for use. This is a valuable manure for fruit trees, a fact which the writer has proved for years paBt in Kent. This burnt earth, &c, waB put over the mulchings of other fruit trees in the open quarters, the manurial constituents being carried to the roots by rain and artificial waterings. Splen- did crops of White and Red Currants and Goose- berries (Red Warrington) were noted upon trees trained on a north wall, and much care was bestowed upon these fruits. I noted the following varieties of Apples showing promising crops : Ribston Pippin, Irish Peach, Gladstone, Waltham Abbey Seedling, Cox's Orange Pippin, Duchess of Oldenburg, Kes- wick Codling, Lord Suffield, Lord Grosvenor, Court of Wick, Tower of Glamys, Northern Greening, Blenheim Orange PipDin, Margil, King of the Pippins, Golden Noble, Lord Derby, Warner's King, Grena- dier, Wellington, Ecklinville Seedling, Lane's Prince Albert, and Bismarck. Pears in good bearing were Winter Nelis — a variety that is thought much of and found to do well here, Marie Louise. Jargonelle, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Duchess d'Angouleme, Doyenne1 du Cornice, Josephine de Malines, Olivier de Serres, Beun^ Diel, Williams' Bon Chretien, Glout Morceau, and Catillac. Large supplies of soap-suds and farm-yard liquid manure find their way to the fruit trees. The Strawberries, which were doing well out-of-doors, were Noble, President, Sir Harry, and Waterloo. This last, considered to be one of the best late varieties, was planted in large numbers upon a northern aspect. John Ruskin is condemned because of its liability to get mildewed. Mr. Backhouse, the head gardener at Onslow, is a ready worker for the development of hardy fruit cultivation, and the fruit trees under his care bear testimony to his determination to follow improved methods. S. S. RAISING NEW VARIETIES OF CYPRIPEDIUMS — I find that it takes about nine mouths to ripen the seeds of these plants from the date of fertilisation, and about the same length of time to germinate ; and from one seed-pod I have had two plants, which flowered the second year, whilst others, out of the same pod flowered in the fourth year. From one lot of seed the plants and flowers will vary in size and colour, and s >me will be more robust than others. I have a large number of crosses, and my late employer. Major Marwood, who was a great lover of Orchids, gave me much encouragement in the matter of raising new varieties. Of these I may mention Cypripedium Marwoodi x niveum, as seed- bearer, crossed with C. Harrisianum. It has three flowers on one stem, and is in the way of C. Aylingi — the best I have ever seen. C. Horneri = C. Spicerianum the seed-bearer X C. Harrisianum, very good. C. variety = C. Boxalli seed-parent x C. Lawrenceanum, a very good large flower. Two of this cross have flowered. C. variety = C. ciliolare X C. Spicerianum, the seed-bearer. No. 5 seedling is a very good-looking plant, but it has not flowered ; it was obtained by crossing C. Curtisii the seed- plant, with C. Roezlii. I have several others which I expect will flower this season. The C. niveum seed-parent was crossed with C. Druryii, and the seed resulting from this cross was sown in September last year. It is now germinating. I shall be glad to furnish further information on this subject if vou would care to publish it. H. Homer, Marwood Yard, Flowergate, Whitby, Societies. • NATIONAL KOSE, CRYSTAL PALACE. Southern Section. July 1. — The chief show in the South of the National Rose Society was held on Saturday, July 1, at the Crystal Palace, one-half of the nave being taken np with the tables of Roses and a few miscellaneous exhibits. Remarks on the show as a whole will be found on p. 38 of the present issue. Ncbsebymbn's Classes. It had been generally anticipated that, owing to Roses being so unusually early this season, the growers from the North would give a good account of themselves, and this proved to be the case, for whether in 11.1'. 's or Teas, the fine collections from Yorkshire were not to be beaten. The Challenge Trophy and 1st prize in the leading class for seventy- two distinct varieties was secured easily by Messrs. Harkness & Son. Bedale, Yorkshire. The stand was stronger in its H.P.'s than in its Teas and Noisettes ; some of the former were really of first form, such, for instance as the bloom of Horace Vernet, which was awarded the Silver Medal for the best HP. shown by a nurseryman, and the extremely beautiful " Mrs. John Laing " — a perfect bloom. The complete list of this exhibit was as follows: — Duke d6 Rohan, Baroness de Roths- child, Madame H. Jamain, Alfred Colomb, Souvenir de S. A. Prince, Duchess of Bedford (good), Countess of Oxford, Jean Ducher, Duke of Wel- lington, Prince Arthur, Francisca Kruger. Etienne Levet, La France, Crown Prince, Mr. Harkness, Edward Andry (very fine), Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Camille Benardin, Merveille de Lyon, Violette Bouyer, Madame V. Verdier, Louis Van Hontte, Catherine Mermet, Le Havre, Merrie England, Ernest Metz, Earl of Dufferin (good), Gioire de Margottin, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Ulrich Brunner, M. C. Kuster, Auguste Rigo- tard, Dupuy Jamain, Marie Verdier, Beauty of Waltham, Viscount Folkestone, Chas. Darwin, Madame G. Luizet, Madame E. Verdier, Horace Vernet, Mrs. John Laing, Boule d'Or, Victor Hugo, Harrison Weir, Eloile de Lyon, Fisher Holmes, Marquise de Castellane, General Jacqueminot, Princess Beatrice, Reynolds Hole, Lady Marv Fitz- gerald, Margaret Bridet, A. K. Williams, Exposi- tion de Brie, Madame C. Crapelet, Gustave Piga- July 8, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 43 neau, Dr. Andry, Innocents Pirola, Sir R. Hill, Duke of Fife, Cleopatra. S.-M. Rodocanachi, Chas. Lelebvre, Comte de Raimbaud, Madame Bravy Duchess de Morny, Bartholomew Joubert, and Comte de Serenye. The 2nd position was taken by Mr. Benj. R. Cant, of Colchester, whose exhibits were not up to his usual standard. The best were A. K. Williams, Charles Lefebvre, Louis Van Houtte, Alfred Colomb, Maurice Bernardin, Annie Wood, Sultan of Zanzibar, and The Bride. This latter also obtained the Silver Medal for the best Tea shown by a nurseryman. Mr. Frank Cant, also of Colchester, who took the 1st prize in this class last year, was 3rd. In the class for forty-eight distinct single trusses, Mr. Henry Merryweather, Southwell, Notts, was 1st, with a very good lot, including fine specimens of Horace Vernet, Comte de Raimbaud, Sir R. Hill, Charles Lefebvre, La France, of 1889 (a very nice colour), The Bride, and Marie Baumann. 2nd, Messrs. G. & W. Burch, Peterborough, whose best blooms were Gustave Piganeau, Comtesse de Ca- mondo, Niphetos, Marie Rady, Duchess of Bedford, Alfred Colomb, and Marchioness of Dufferin. Messrs. Perkins & Sons, Warwick Road, Coventry, were 3rd, and showed Lady Sheffield, Her Majesty, and Duke of Wellington, in good form. Messrs. Harkness & Son were again 1st for forty- eight distinct varieties, three trusses of each, with a stand very superior to those which occupied 2ad and 3rd position. Sir R. Hill, Duchess de Morny, and Duchess of Bedford were especially noticeable. Mr. Frank Cant's Rises were a pretty lot. but much smaller; the best were Reynolds Hole, Duchess of Teck, Marie Baumann, Fisher Holmes, and Inno- cente Pirola. Mr. B. R. Cant was 3rd. The 1st prize for twenty-four single trusses, distinct, went to Nottinghamshire, to Mr. W. II. Frettingham, Beeston. The Roses were very well coloured and of good size, particularly A. K. Williams, Lord Macaulay, Marie Baumann, Ferdinand de Lesseps, and Her Majesty. Mr. Jno. Mattock, of New Headington, Oxford, was 2nd in this class, showing good blooms of The Bride. Madame Cusia, Horace Vernet, Marie Baumann, Mrs. Jno. Laing (very large and good), Ulrich Brunner, &c. Messrs. D. Prior & Sons, Rose growers, Colchester, were 3rd. For twenty-four distinct varieties, three trusses of each, Messrs. G. & W. H. Burch, Peterborough, com- peted successfully. Their best were Duke of Wel- lington, A. K. Williams, Horace Vernet, Alfred Colomb, Ulrich Branner, Marie Baumann, and Comte de Raimbaud. The stand included several very weak blooms, particularly Madame Eugene Verdier and Xavier Olibo. Mr. W. H. Frettingham, of Beeston, bad a stand containing exceptionally well-coloured blooms, and if it had not such large blooms as several in the 1st prize collection, the general quality appeared to us to be better than that ; Mons. E. Y. Teas, Duke of Connaught, Her Majesty, Duchess of Bedford, Reynolds Hole, and Jean Lille- vere (rarely seen shown), were the best. Mr. Geo. Mount, of Canterbury, was 3rd ; his best were Annie Wood, Eugene Furst, and Camille Bernardin. Amateurs. The redoubtable amateur, Mr. E. B. Lindsell, Bearton, Hitchin, who has been successful in the leading class for several years, again took 1st prize and the Challenge Trophy for the best forty-eight distinct single trusses. The varieties were — Duchess of Morny, Prince Camille, Camille Bernardin, Xavier Olibo, The Bride, A. K. Williams, Madame J. Des- bois (weak), Dupuv Jamain, Catherine Mermet. Sir R. Hill, Caroline Kuster, Lady Sheffield, Louis Van Hontte, Etienne Levet, Reynolds Hole, Comte de Raimbaud, Souvenir d'un Ami, Merveille de Lyon, Countess of Oxford, Marie Van Houtte, Beauty of Waltham, Abel Carriere, La France, Gustave Piga- neau, Ethel Brownlow, Chas. Lefebvre, Levienne L&my, Her Majesty, J. S. Mill, Innocente Pirola, Alfred Colomb. Ulrich Brunner, Francois Michelon, Comtesse de Nadaillac. Rosieriste Jacobs, Madame E. Verdier. Earl of Dufferin, Marechal Niel, Prince Arthur, Mrs. John Laing, Duke of Wellington, Madame Cusin, Dr. Sewell, Marie Verdier, Madame Hoate, Fisher Holmes, and Horace Vernet. 2ad, Rev. J. H. Pemberton, who had also a fine lot, but flowers smaller. Mr. Henry V. Machin, Gate- ford Hill, Worksop, Notts, was 3rd. The Rev. A. Foster-Melliar, Sproughton Rectory, Ipswich, was the best exhibitor of thirty-six distinct single trusses, and amongst a good collection the best were Alfred Colomb, Marie van Houtte, Ethel Brownlow, S mvenir d'Elise Vardon, E. Y. Teas, Marie Verdier, Merveille de Lyon, and Le Havre. These were not quite so good as those in the 1st prize collection of the forty-eight varieties. Walter Drew, Esq , The Uplands, Ledbury, was almost equal to the 1st in this class ; his stand included very good specimens of Marie Baumann, Her Majesty, A. K. Williams, La Rosiete, and Louis van Houtte. The Rev. J H. Pemberton was 3rd ; his best were J. S. Mill. Charles Darwin, Le Havre, Her Majesty, and A. K. Williams. The 1st prize for twenty-four distinct single trusses was secured by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq , Woodford, Essex, with an exceptionally well-coloured lot. The best were Le Havre, Duke of Connaught, Earl of Dufferin, and A. K. Williams. Colonel J. H. Pitt, Turkey Court, Maidstone, waa 2nd ; the blooms were large but too far developed. E. B. Lindeell, Esq., showed well again in the class for six- teen distinct varieties, three trusses of each ; the best were Lady Sheffield, Horace Vernet, A. K. Williams, Duke of Wellington, Dupuv Jamain, Louis Van Houtte, Alfred Colomb, and Prince Arthur. Henry V. Machin, Esq., was 2nd; his blooms were not so large or good, but they were staged nicely, each flower being given plenty of room. The next class wa9 for twelve distinct varieties and three trusses of each, and here Walter Drew, Esq., showed fine and well-coloured blooms, but some of the petals appeared injured. The 2nd prize collection from Colonel J. H. Pitt, Turkey Court, Maidstone, was also commendable, Walter Drew, Esq., had the best twelve single trussea of any H.P., showed very fine Mrs. Jno, Laing; the 2nd prize going to S. P. Budd, Eiq., 8, Gay Street, Bath, who had Marie Baumann ; and the 3rd to H, V. Machin, Esq., for La France. Numerically Limited Classes. The following five classes were open only to growers of fewer than 2000 plants of varieties in the National Rose Society's Catalogue of Exhibition Rosea, including Teaa and Noisettes. The Rev. H. Burners, Harkatead Vicarage, Ipawich, took lat in the leading class of this section for twenty-four diatinct single trusses. The best were Marie Baumann, A. K. Williams, Reynolds Hole, The Bride, and Jean Sonpert. A. Slaughter, Esq., Steyning, Sussex, was 2nd, noticeable were Prince Arthur, Duchesa of Bedford, Mareohal Niel, and Lord Macaulay. The 3rd prize went to W. C. Romaine, Esq., The Priory, Old Windsor. For eighteen diatinct, A. Whitton, Esq., Askene, Bedale, was 1st with a very good collection. Thos. Miller, Chas. Lefebvre, Counteaa of Rosebery, Dupuy Jamain, Duke of Wellington, Viacounteaa Folke- stone, Marie Baumann were all fine blooms. Jamea Parker, Eaq., Oakfield, Hitchin, was a good 2nd, with amaller, but pretty, bright, and well-ahaped blooms ; Mr. E. Mawley, Rosebank, Berkhamstead, was 3rd. For twelve distinct varieties, the 1st prize went to Jno. Ough, Esq., 7, Clifford Street, Hereford, who was the only competitor in this class. The Rev. H. Berners was in the 1st place in the competition for eight distinct, three trusses of each ; his Merveille de Lyon, Her Majesty, Camille Ber- nardin, were fairly good. A. Slaughter, Esq., Steyning, Essex, was 3rd. For nine single trusses of any HP., also the Rev. H. Berners was 1st, with large and pretty blooms of Merveille de Lyon ; 2rjd, W. C. Remain, Esq., with Dr. Andry ; and A. Whitton, Esq., was 3rd, with Merveille de Lyon. The following four classes were open only to growers of fewer than 1000 plants, of varieties in the National Rose Society's cata'o^ue. In this section, Osmond G. Orpen, Esq., West Bergholt, Colcheater, took the 1st prize in the leading class, and also the Gardeners' Magazine Medal. The best of the twelve blooms were Alfred Colomb, Baroness Rothschild, Horace Vernet, Camille Bernardin, but some weak ones spoiled the appearance of the stand. C. J. Grahame, Esq., Coombe Road, Croydon, was 2nd, with very fresh and nice blooms, only inferior to the other collection in having no large blooms ; the general quality waa better. Jaa. Parker, Esq., The Croft, Headington, Oxfordshire, was 3rd ; and Dr. Tucker, Swanley Junction, Kent, 4th. For nine distinct single trusses, the 1st position was taken by Conway Jones, Esq., Hucclecote, Glouceeter ; his best were Catherine Mermet, and Alfred Colomb. 2nd, M. Hodgson, Esq., Shirley Cottage. Croydon ; and 3rd, Chas. E. Cuthwell, Esq., Chapel Croft, Dorking. Jas, Parker, Esq., was 1st in the clasa for aix diatinct Rises, three trusses of each. Hie Alfred Colomb, Earl of Dufferin, and Monaieur E. Y. Teas were very good. Miss Mellish. Hodsock Priory, Worksop, was 2nd ; and Dr. Tucker, Swanley, 3rd. Dr. Tucker had the best aix single trusses of any H. P., showing very fine blooms of Her Majesty. The 2nd position fell to James Parker, Esq., who also 8howed Her Majeaty, but not more than one half the aize, and M. Hodgaon, Esq., was 3rd with Alfred Colomb. The three following classes were open only to growers of fewer than five hundred : — Mr. L. P. Trines, Hitchin, took 1st for nine distinct single trusses ; the best were Her Majesty, Alfred Colomb, Etienne Levet, Duke of Wellington, Mrs. Jno. Laing. 2nd, Geo. Moulea, Esq., Hitchin, who had good bloom8, especially Marie Baumann and Camille Bernardin. Harcourt P. Landen, Esq., Shenfield, Brentwood, was 3rd. W. D. Freshfield, Esq., Reigate, had the best aix ; Comte8se de Nadaillac, Duke of Teck, Mons. E. Y. Teaa, and Jno. Bright were very good. The Rev. R. Buchanan, Heme Vicarage, Canterbury, was 2nd ; and F. S. Francis, Esq, Crofton Hall, Orpington, was 3rd ; his bloom of Alfred Colomb was a very fine specimen, and the exhibit generally appeared equal to that which gained the 2nd prize. 4th, Miss E. B. Denton, Orchard Court, Stevenage. For four distinct varieties, three trussea of each, Mr. E. B. Denton, Orchard Court, Stevenage, waa most successful ; F. S. Francis, Esq., 2nd ; and A. F. Grace, Esq., Chertsey Green House, Steyning, 3rd. Extea Classes fob Amateurs. Arthur Bryans, Esq , The Cottage, Foots Cray, Kent, had the beat six distinct single trussea, in a claaa open only to amateura who have never won a prize at an exhibition of the National Rose Society, amongst which were good specimens of Alfred Co- lomb, Comtesse de Nadaillac, and Madame V. Verdier. 2nd, A. F. Grace, Esq. For six distinct single trusses of Rosea grown within 8 miles of Charing Cross, John Bateman, Esq., Rosevale, Archway Road, N., was 1st, who ataeed a fair lot, including a commendable bloom of Ulrich Brunner. 2nd, Rivers II. Langton, Esq., Raymead, Hendon, N.W. ; and 3rd, Hugh White, Esq., Woodaide Cottage, Highgate. The following class was for six new Roses, dia- tinct, aingle trasses, and here the Rev. J. H. Pem- berton, was 1st, ahowing Elaie Fugier, Jeannie Dickaon, Gustave Piganeau, Caroline Testout, Auguste Guinoisseau and Duchesa of Fife. 2nd, John Bateman, Esq., Roseville. Teas and Noisbttbs. The Teaa were far below the ueual standard of excellence. The drought and heavy rains had sadly marred the beauty of their flowers, and the competition was not so keen as on previous occa- sions. This portion of the exhibition, generally the more beautiful, was quite disappointing. Such well- known growers aa Mr. Prince of Oxford were unable to compete through the fleeting character of the blooms. Nurserymen. The leading claaa in the Teas and Noisettes was arranged for twenty-four distinct varieties, sinjle trusses, and the leading honour was secured by Mr. B. R. Cant of Colchester. Unfortunately, the blooms were not so good as usually staged in this section. The best were Ethel Brownlow, Souvenir d'Elise, Ernest Metz, Madame de Watteville, Cathe- rine Mermet, Madame Cusin, Innocente Pirola, Francisca Kruger, and a very fine bloom of The Bride. Mr. Frank Cant was 2nd ; hia best were Niphetos, Ethel Brownlow, and Catherine Mermet. 3rd, Messrs. D. & W. Croll, Dundee. Mr. Henry Merryweather, Southwell Nurseries, Notts, was 1st for eighteen distinct single trusses, and the blooms were better than those shown in the class above. They were Marshal Niel, Niphetos, Princess of Wales, Ferle des Jardins, Davoniensis, Ethel Brownlow, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Anna Olivier. Erneet Metz, Etoile de Lyon, Souvenir de Annie Rubens, S juvenir d'Elise Vardon, The Bride, Francisca K uger, Catherine Mermet, Madame S. Cochet. A good collection, but slightly smaller blooms, were shown by Messrs. D. Prior & Son, who were 2nd. Another c'ass was arranged for twelve diatinct trusses of any Tea or Noisette, except Marshal Ni-I, and in this the winners were Messrs. D. and W. Croll, Dundee, with pretty m xieratelv good blooms of Rubens. Messrs. G. and W. H. Burch shovn-d well-shaped, but small Innocente Pirola, and were 44 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. f July 8, 1893. 2nd. Messrs. R. Mack & Son, Catterick, York- shire, had Souvenir d'Elise Vardon. In the class for eighteen distinct triplets, the first place was taken by Mr. B. E. Cant. The best of a moderately good collection were Catherine Mermet, Ethel Brownlow, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Marshal Niel, Madame de Watte- ville, and The Bride ; 2nd, Mr. G. Mount, with fresher - looking blooms, but smaller, Niphetos, Innocente Pirola, The Bride, and Comtesse de Nadaillac, were the best. Mr. Frank Cant was only a short way behind, and very noticeable were his blooms of Madame Cusin, The Bride, Ernest Metz, and Souvenir d'Elise Vardon. The Rev. A. Foster-Melliar, Ipswich, secured the Trophy for eighteen blooms, with a stand containing some of the best blooms in the show. It consisted of the following varieties: — Mare:hal Niel, Ernest Metz, Ethel Brownlow, Madame Cusin, Hon. Edith Gifford, Innocente Pirola, Jean Ducher, Souvenir d'un Ami, Marie Van Houtte, Madame Hippolyte Jamain, Caroline Kuster, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Catherine Mermet, Souvenir de S. A. Prince, The Bride, Comtesse Panisse, Anne Olivier, Souvenir d'Elise. Mr. O. G. Orpen, Colchester, was 2nd. Amateurs. Two classes were provided for twelve varieties, distinct, one for single trusses and the other for triplets. For the former, the Rev. H. A. Berners, Harkstead Rectory, Ipswich, was 1st, with a very fresh and even exhibit, the varieties comprising Ethel Brownlow, Francisca Kruger, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Marie Van Houtte, Madame Hoste, The Bride, Catherine Mermet, Madame Bravy, Madame Cusin, Etoile de Lvon, Jean Dacher, and Hon. Edith Gifford. Col. J. H. Pitt, Turkey Court, Maidstone, was 2nd, with fairly good blooms, the finest being Souvenir de Theiese Levet, The Bride, and Marie Van Houtte. In the triplet class, the 1st prize, a piece of plate, was well won by the Rev. A. Foster Melliar, Broughton Rectory, Ipswich. The flowers were of good colour, not so lamentably washed out as in the majority of stands. They included Mar&hal Niel, Hon. Edith Gifford, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Comtesse Panisse, Madame Lambard, Caroline Kuster, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Francisca Kruger, Ernest Metz, and Marie Van Houtte. H. V. Machin, Esq., Gateford Hill, Worksop, was 2nd, but his blooms were unfortunately much damaged. We rather like tbem on the black velvet ground ; it shows up the delicacy of colouring. Numerically-limited Classes. Open to growers of fewer than five hundred plants of Teas and Noisettes in the National Rose Society's catalogue. In another class for twelve distinct, single trusses, the 1st prize, a piece of plate, was presented by the Rev. F. R. Burnside, and G. O. Orpen, Esq., West Bergholt, Colchester, was successful, with moderately good blooms for the season. They were Comtesse de Nadaillac, Madame de Watteville, Mare- chal Niel, Innocente Pirola, Catherine Mermet, Souvenir de S. A. Prince, The Bride, Madame Hoste, Souvenir d'un Ami, Marie Van Houtte, Madame Lambard, and Francisca Kruger. The 2nd prize went to James Parker, Esq., The Croft, Headington, Oxfordshire, and were of very good colour, but a trifle coarse. Those, however, from Alfred Tate, Esq., Downside, Leatherhead, were, in our opinion, better. Conway Jones, Esq., Hucclecote, Glos., 4th. In the class for nine distinct single trusses, the 1st prize went to the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Haver- ing-atte-Bower, Essex, and the flowers were praise- worthy, the varieties comprising Caroline Kuster, Ernest Metz, Hon. Edith Gifford, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Jean Ducher, Mme. Bravy, Marie Van Houtte, and Mme. Hippolyte Jamain. Ed. Mawley, Esq., Rosebank, Berkhatnsted, was 2nd, with creditable but small flowers. The Gardeners' Maga- zine Silver Medal was awarded to Mr. Pemberton in this class. For six, distinct, three trusses of each, O. G. Orpen, Esq., was 1st, with very good blooms, fresh, and in true character, and consisting of Innocente Pirola. Souvenir d'un Ami, Marshal Niel, Francisca Kruger, Mme. Bravy, and Marie Van Houtte. No blooms of special merit were to be Been in the 2nd prize stand from J. Parker, Esq. An interesting class was for six distinct single trusses of any Tea Rose, and the variety Mar&hal Niel was well Bhown by O. G. Orpen, Esq., who was placed 1st ; the blooms were of very fine colour, and amongst the best in the exhibition. J. Parker, Esq., was 2nd, with The Bride ; and Dr. Tucker, Swanley Junction, Kent, 3rd, with Hon. E. Gifford. Open only to growers of fewer than 200 plants of Teas and Noisettes in the National Rose Society's catalogue. The 1st prize for nine, distinct, single trusses, was secured by Dr. Tucker, who had small but excellent blooms of Comtesse de Nadaillac, The Bride, Catherine Mermet, Souvenir de Theiese Levet, Hon. Edith Gifford, Innocente Pirola, Rubens, and Marie Van Houtte ; Miss Mellish, Hodsock Priory, Worksop, was 2nd, but the flowers call for no particular comment ; and W. D. Freshfield, Esq., The Wilderness, Reigate, 3rd. The 1st prize for six, distinct, single trusses, went to Mr. A. Whitton, Askew, Bedale ; the flowers very beautiful, large, and thoroughly well-grown. They comprised Madame Hoste, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, Catherine Mermet, Rubens, Innocente Pirola, and Souvenir de S. A. Prince. In the other stands nothing in particular called for mention, but we may record that F. S. Francis, Esq., Crofton Hall, Orpington. Kent, was 2nd ; the Rev. J. R. Buchanan, Heme Vicarage, Canterbury, 3rd ; and George Monies, Esq., Hitchin, 4th. Open Classes. This section was full of interest, and contained some of the finest flowers in the show. They made a great display of colour, and the competition was, as a rule, good. Unfortunately, the Teas were much spoilt by the weather. This was the case with the blooms of Madame Hoste, which won the 1st prize for Mr. B. R. Cant, Colchester, in the class for twelve single trusses of any yellow Rose. Messrs. D. & W. Croll, Dundee, were 2nd with Marie Van Houtte, very charming ; and Mr. John Mattock, New Headington Nursery, Oxford, 3rd. There were five entries for the same number of any white variety, and Merveille de Lyon was the principal exhibit ; it was shown by Messrs. R. Mack & Son, Catterick, Yorks, in excellent style, full, but not coarse. Messrs. Harkness & Sons, 2nd ; and Messrs. D. & W. Croll, 3rd. All the classes were for twelve blooms, distinct, single trusses, bo we need not specify the number in each case. For any crimson Rose, except Marie Baumann or A. K. Williams, the English Fruit and Rose Company, Hereford, were 1st, with very fine blooms of Alfred Colomb ; and Mr, George Mount, of Canterbury, was 2nd, with Fisher Holmes in good character; whilst Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, were 3rd, with Alfred Colomb. There were eight entries in this class. A very fine class was that for the dark velvety crimson Roses, and the blooms of the variety Fisher Holmes, which won Messrs. Prior & Son, Col- chester, the 1st prize, deserve praise for fulness and depth of tone, not large, but neat and pleasing. That lovely kind, Xavier Olibo, one of the sweetest of all this section, came from Mr. Frank Cant, who was 2nd ; with Mr. George Mount 3rd, for Eugene Furst. Mar&hal Niel was well re- presented. Twelve fine trusses were shown by Messrs. D. Prior & Son, and gained the 1st prize ; they were conspicuous for colour, fulneas, and finish. Those from Mr. G. Mount, who was 2nd, were also satisfactory, and 0. G. Orpen, Esq., was 3rd. Some of the classes were reserved for twelve blooms of one variety (stated in schedule), and it is interesting to note how popular some kinds are than others. Thus there were ten entries in the class for that thoroughly useful variety Mrs. John Laing, but the flowers were not so fine in colour as usual ; the hot sun had dimmed their lustre. The 1st prize box was from Mr. J. Mattock, whose flowers were very even, closely fol- lowed by Messrs. Harkness & Sons ; the 3rd place being occupied by Messrs. G. and W. H. Birch. That old favourite, Marie Baumann, was shown by Mr. George Mount, who was 1st in this class, his twelve flowers amongst the best of this kind in the exhibition ; whilst the Colchester growers were the other prize- winners, Mr. F. Cant 2ttd, and Mr. B. R. Cant 3rd. We have seen A. K. Williams in far better character than on this occasion, but the dozen flowers from Mr. R. Mack were commendable, although they quickly lost colour through the heat. Those from Messrs. Per- kins & Sods, Coventry, who were 2nd, were small ; Mr. B. R. Cant, 3rd. We were surprised to see only two entries in the class for twelve blooms of Niphetos, the best coming from Messrs. G. & W. H. Birch ; they were fairly good, but much spoilt ; Mr. G. Mount was 2nd. The variety, Her Majesty, was well represented, and there was good competition. The finest dozen blooms, quite typical of this H.P., came from Mr. B. R. Cant, but, unfortunately, sullied by the weather ; Messrs. G. and W. H. Birch 2nd, and Mr. Geo. Mount 3rd. That delightful Tea-scented variety, Ernest Metz, was well shown by Mr. B. R. Cant, who had the best twelve flowers, full, fresh, and solid; those from Mr. F. Cant, who was 2nd, beiDg damaged. The previous grower, Mr. B. R. Cant, also had the most typical blooms of Ethel Brownlow. fresh, of good colour, and pleasing; Mr. Geo. Mount 2nd, and Mr. F. Cant 3rd. We were pleased to see no fewer than eleven entries in the class for twelve blooms of any H.P. not named in the schedule. The best exhibit was Fisher Holmes, splendidly shown by Mr. F. Cant ■ whilst Mr. Geo. Mount was 2nd with the same variety, and Mr. B. R. Cant 3rd, with Alfred Colomb. One class was for six single trusses of Catherine Mermet, and The Bride, arranged alter- nately. The 1st prize went to Mr. George Mount and Mr. B. R. Cant was 2nd. A class waB provided for single-flowered Roses nine bunches, and Miss Mellish was 1st with such kinds as Paul's Single White, Rosa lucida, R. arven- sis, and R. canina. Not the least interesting class was for twelve bunches of Roses, suitable for button- holes, and the 1st prize went to Mr. Mattock, who had delightful blooms for colour and fulness of Innocente Pirola, W. A. Richardson, l'ldeale, Com- tesse de Nadaillac, Souv. de Paul Neyron, Niphetos Madame Capucine, Catherine Mermet, Madame de Watteville, and The Bride. Messrs. Keynes Williams & Co., Salisbury, 2nd ; and H. V. Machin' Esq , 3rd. Garden Roses. Nurserymen. — This was a very important and- beautiful section of the show. The chief class was for thirty-six bunches, and the 1st prize was won by Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, who bad very fine masses, comprising many charming, old-fashioned kinds. The above we are pleased to see again getting popular. The more conspicuous was the Noisette Gustave Regis, a delightful flower, especially in the bud, new, and very sweet ; the Noisette Pierre" Cochet, a free sweetly-scented, and beautiful bloom ; Rosa rugosa, and its varieties, particularly Madame Georges Bruant, which has large paper-white flowers ; the now popular l'ldeale, Rosa lucida, the Provins. Camoens (a very free and pretty kind), Aim<5e Vibert, and the semi-double crimson-flowered Reine Olga de Wurtemberg. Amateurs. The Silver Cap, offered by Lord Penzance, for the best eighteen bunches, was well won by A. Tate, Esq., who had such fine old kinds as Bardon Job, Moschata nivea, White-crested Moss, the Folyantha class in variety, common China, Rosa macrantha, Homere, and the H.P. Gloire des Rosomanes, a semi-double carmine variety ; the Rev. J. H. Pemberton was a good 2nd, but quite eclipsed by the splendid bunches from Mr. Tate ; Mr. H. V. Machin 3rd, and Miss Mellish 4th. Chas. E. Cuthell, Chapel Croft, Dorking, had the finest twelve bunches, consisting of the several forms of Rosa rugosa, Paul's Single White. Pink China, Rosa macrantha and R. lucida ; 0. G. Orpen, Esq., 2nd. New Roses. This was the most important section of the exhi- bition, as one always looks to this annual show for the finest novelties. There were three Gold Medal Roses, and awarded to the following varieties : — Mrs. R. G. Sharman-Crawford, and Marchioness of Londonderry, both from Messrs. A. Dickson & Sons, Newtownarda, co. Down, Ireland. The former is a hybrid perpetual variety, and from what we can see, is a splendid acquisition. It is, of course, difficult to judge of a new Rose from flowers only, as other points have to be considered, but the variety Mrs. R. G. Sharman-Crawford — too long a name, we may remark — is full of promise ; the flower is large, finely- shaped, the petals broa3, and shining rose in colour, deepening in the centre, whilst the fragrance is fairly pronounced. This is a great point. It is a bright telling colour on the exhibition-board. Marchioness of Londonderry was scarcely shown in proper cha- racter ; it is a fine Rose, and raised by the firm in 1886, but not sent out until comparatively recently. It is a very large flower, the petals broad, stout, with the margin reflexed, and the colour is best de- scribed as ivory-white. It possesses also a sweet and powerful fragrance, and the plant is strong in growth, the leaves of a glossy green colour. Although reminding one of Merveille de Lyon, it is amply distinct, and a very handsome exhibition Rose. We may remark as of interest that this is the first time two Gold Medals have been awarded to the Bame exhibitor for new Rjses on the same occasion. It was inevitable that a Gold Medal would be July 8, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 45 (riven to the beautiful Polyantha Rose, named Crimson Rambler, of Mr. Charles Turner, Slough. This variety is now well known. Its flowers are produced in great profusion, in dense clusters, each like a little rosette, and intense crimson in colour. A new seedling Rose was shown by Mr. Frank Cant, but the flowers are too much like those of Bardon Job to merit great attention ; they are similar in shape and colour. Messrs. Harkness & Sons had two new Roses, one named Merrie England, and the other Mrs. Harkness, both hybrid perpetuals ; the former is of the Pride of Reigate class, the flower large, rosy-purple, and striped ; but we want few of this type. Mrs. Hark- ness is a promising light-coloured flower, which we hope to see again. Messrs. A. Dickson & Son had also a variety named Helen Keller, the flower rose in colour, full, and handsome. There were several other classes for new Roses. One was for twelve single trusses, and the finest blooms were those from Messrs. Harkness & Sons, the variety being Gustave Piganeau, which has become one of the most popular exhibition Roses. Mr. F. Cant and Mr. B. R. Cant were 2nd and 3rd respectively with the same kind. The competition was good. A special award was given to the flowers of Mrs. R. D. Sharman- Crawford, from Messrs. A. Dickson, twelve tine blooms being exhibited. Another interesting class was for twelve new Roses, distinct, single trusses, but the flowers were not in very good character. The 1st prize went to Messrs. Paul & Son, who showed Gustave Piganeau, Noisette Gustave Regis, Charles Gater, a crimson H.P. ; the Bourbon Mrs. Paul, a very fine Rose; H.P. Duke of Fife, not very promising as shown ; Paul's Eirly Blush, H.P., the flowers pink in colour; H.P. Marie Magat, crimson ; the Tea, Waban, which has been much discussed, but which seems disap- pointing ; Bruce Findlay, Dowager Duchess of Marl- borough, Violet Queen, and Frore Marie Pierre, all H.P.'s, but they were not in condition to judge of tnem wiih any degree of accuracy. Peemieb Blooms. That for the best H.P. exhibited by nurserymen was given to Messrs. Harkness & Sons, for a bloom of Horace Vernet, a good large flower, but colour not (|aite normal— purple-blue being rather highly developed. For the best Tea, Mr. B R. Cant was successful with a nice bloom of The Bride. The best H.P. from the amateurs was a large bloom of Ulrich Brunner from Mr. E. B. Lindsell ; and the best Tea, a magnificent bloom of Madame Cusin, from the Rev. A. Foster-Melliar. Miscellaneous. A fine group of Begonia tuberosa varieties, cir- cular in form, was arranged by Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, S E. Among the Begonias were several novelties, as Prince of Wales, single- flowered, bright crimson ; Lottie Collins, flesh-pink ; Princess May, Earl Craven, double, dark crimson ; Duchess of Westminster, carmine, with white centre as single flower. Other exhibits were the pretty Saxifraga sarmentosa tricolor superba, Carex, Palms, and other furnishing materials. Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley Junction, had a showy table of cut flowers, consisting of double and single- flowered varieties of Begonia, set up in triplets in glasses with a setting of Adiantnm. Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, nurserymeD, Lowfield, Crawley, had a triangular shield, covered with dark- coloured velvet, on which Bmall bouquets of Violas in variety were arranged. With these they had a ouantity of the best herbaceous perennials a« cut flowers, consisting of Chelone, Delphiniums, Oeno- thera Youngi, Phlox, Gaillardia, Sidalcea, Carna- tions, Hemerocallis, Lychnis, Telekia cordifolia, &c. Messrs. Paul & Son, nurserymen, Waltham Cross, had a big stand at one end of the exhibition space, which was lavishly set out with basketB and boxes of cut blooms of Roses, these being interspersed with plants of Arundo Donax variegata, coloured tree foliage, Ferns, &c. It was very well done. CROYDON HORTICULTURAL. July 5. — This annual exhibition was held in the grounds of Brickwood House, East Croydon. The weather was dull, and the exhibits, being under a tolerably thick canvas, were not seen quite so well as might be desired. The plants (both foliage and flowering) were extremely creditable, and the Roses, although not quite so numerous as usual, were better than had been expected — on the whole, quite up to the usual average. In the open class for nine stove and greenhouse plants, Mr. W. 1 1 alla.ni. gr. to J. Warren, Eiq., Handcross Park, Crawley, was 1st. He had two very fine Ixoras, I. coccinea and I. Williamsii, several Ericas, and two good plants of Statice profusa. Mr. W. Carr, gr. to Mr. Stephenson Clarke, Croydon Lodge, was a very good 2nd, and might well have been awarded an even 1st. In the class for nine ornamental foliage stove and greenhouse plants, Mr. J. Hallam was again 1st. His Crotons, Palms, Asparagus, and Alocasia macrorhiza variegata were of first-rate merit. Mr. W. King, gr. to Philip Crowley, Esq., exhibited very well in tins class. Groups were shown in much variety, and in several classes. The 1st prize in that for a group of plants staged for effect on 100 square feet was gained by Mr. W. King, gr. to P. Crowley, Esq., with a very taste fully- arranged collection, including some good plants of Odontoglossum vexillarium. For a group not exceeding 10 feet by 7 feet, the 1st prize went to Mr. Scott, gr. to J. Aste, Esq , Ross Road, South Norwood, the only exhibitor. In the local class, Mr. W. Wooldridge, gr. to Mrs. Bassett, South Norwood Park, was 1st, for a group covering 7 feet by 6 feet ; and W. J. Hart, Esq , was successful in the class for amateurs not employing a regular gardener. The best Caladiums came from Mr. G. Simmonds," gr. to H. C. Mayhew, Esq., South Norwood Hill, and were very well shown. Mr. Wm. Carr had the best six Dracaenas, in- cluding a good piece of D. Youngii, and D. amabilis. This was a strong class, and there were several competitors. Mr. F. Scott showed best in the class for six ornamental foliage stove and greenhouse plants ; and Mr. Wm. Carr was 1st for any specimen plant in flower, with a large fine well-flowered plant of Alla- manda Hendersoni. Mr. W. King had similar honour in the class for one specimen foliage plant, with a large plant of Anthurinm Warocqueanum. For six exotic Ferns, the 1st prize was exceedingly well won by Mr. Hallam ; he had large plants of Adiantum cardiochlaena, Microlepia hirta cristata, Davallia polyantha, Nephrolepis davalloides furcans, and Davallia Mooreana ; Mr. W, King was a good 2ad. Begonias were exceptional in quantity and quality. The 1st prize for nine Tuberous Begonias was secured by Mr. J. Slater, gr. to Mrs. Hulse, Shepley House, Carshalton, who bad first-rate plants, large, and well-flowered. In the amateur section, Mr. G. Kirk, of Saxon Road, Croydon, was 1st for six plants. Fuchsias were well shown by Mr. F. Scott, who was 1st for six plants. In the amateurs' class, for nine Ferns, distinct, Mr. H. G. Frilley, gr. to F. Berns, Esq., Penanroy, Bramley Hill, was 1st, showing small but pretty, well-grown plants. The best Gloxinias were from Mr. E. Perret, gr. to Mrs. Fuller, Duppa's Hill, who was 1st for six ; and the 1st place for twelve was taken by Mr. J. Seaton. Mr. C. Simmonds was the exhibitor of the best six zonal Pelargoniums ; and Mr. Wm. Carr of the best six Selaginellas, showing very well in this class, which included several competitors. Orchids were not much in evidence, but Mr. H. C. Tilbey was awarded 1st prize for six, showing one good plant of Aerides Lobbi, and another of Saccolabium prtemorsum. Table plants were shown well by Mr. C. Lane, gr. to E. H. Coles, Esq., Bnrntwood, Caterham, who was 1st for twelve, showing pretty little plants of Croton, Dracaena, Palm, Aralia, &c. Mr. W. Carr took 1st for twenty-four varieties of cut flowers. Table decorations were very fine, and tastefully arranged. The 1st place was taken by Miss C. Cooper, Sydenham Road Nursery, Croydon. Roses. In the nurserymen's class for forty-eight, distinct, Messrs. Paul & Son, the Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, were the onlv exhibitors ; some good blooms, such as E. Y. Teas, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Due d'Orleans, Charles Gater, and Alfred Colomb, were amongst them, but there were others that were rather weak. For twenty-four triplets, again, but one exhibitor turned np, although there had been several entries ; Mr. Benj. R. Cant, however, had a creditable lot. For twenty-four singles, Mr. Geo. Mount, Rose Nurseries, Canterbury, was 1st, with a very fair collection, including a good Mrs. Laing, creditable A. K. Williams, Alfred Colomb. &c. Mr. Benjamin R. Cant, was 1st for eighteen Tea or Noisettes. A good bloom of Luciole, very fresh ; Catherine Mermet, and some others made a pretty stand. Mr. G. Mount was 2nd. Mr. G. Mount, with some excellent blooms of Mrs. J. Laing, took 1st for twelve blooms of hybrid per- petuals ; and Messrs. Prior & Son, Colchester, with Marecbal Niel, took the leading place in the cor- responding class for Tea or Noisettes. Among amateurs the leading class for thirty-six distinct blooms gave 1st place to Mr. E. B. Lindsell, Bearton, Hitchin, but the collection was not nearly so strong as that shown by the same exhibitor at the Crystal Palace on the previous Saturday. G. Christy, Esq., Buckhurst Lodge (gr., Mr. W. Blundell), was 1st for twenty-four, and staged a good collection, but the blooms were rather Bmall, although even and fresh-looking. Mr. E. B. Lind- sell was 2nd, having amongst some very good blooms several very weak ones, which disqualified him for 1st place. In this stand the beet Tea shown by an amateur (Madame de Watteville) and the best H.P. (Horace Vernet) were included, and were awarded Medals. E. B. Lindsell, Esq, was 1st for six distinct triplets, in this case snowing very good large fresh blooms; and also 1st for twelve Roses, any variety, with Comtesse de Nadaillac. Ed. Mawley, Esq., Hosebank, Berkbamsted, was 1st for twelve Roses, distinct, amongst growers of fewer than 2000 plants ; Alfred Colomb and A. K. Williams were very good in this stand. Also 1st for twelve Tea or Noisettes, but the blooms were rather small. Mr. Alfred Slaughter, Steyning, was 1st for four Roses in triplets. Among growers of fewer than 1000 plants, Mr. J. Bateman, Rose Vale, Archway Road, was 1st for nine Roses, distinct; and C. J. Grahame, Esq., Coombe Road, Croydon, was 2nd. Mr. Moules was 1st for six Roses, distinct, from growers of fewer than 500 plants, and had a very creditable lot, especially Comte de Raimbaud and Reynolds Hole ; and he was also 1st for six Teas or Noisettes. C. J. Grahame, E-q., was 1st in a class for twelve distinct blooms in the local class ; his Mrs. John LaiDg in this stand obtained the National Rose Society's Silver Medal for the best H.P., and also that offered by Messrs. John Laing & Son for the best bloom of Mrs. John Laing. The winner in this class obtains the Society's Challenge Cup offered to the local amateurs. Mr. H. Shoesmitb, gr. to M. Hodgson, Esq., Shirley Cottage, was 1st in the local classes for six Rosea ; and J. De La Mare. Esq., St. Margaret's, Chichester Road, 1st for six Teas or Noisettes. Mr. J. Wright, gr. to the Corporation of Croydon, was 1st for six blooms of one variety. A collection of cut blooms came from Mr. T. Durrant Young, Roselands Nurseries, Eastbourne ; and from Messrs. J. Peed & Sons, West Norwood, who had a fine lot of Mrs. John Laing. Fhuit. For three bunches of White Grapes, Mr. W. Harvey, gr. to W. TenDant, Esq., was 1st, with ripe Muscat of Alexandria; and Mr. C. Blurton gr. to II. Cosmo Bonsor, Esq., Kingswood Warren, Epsom, was 1st, for an equal number of Black, showing good bunches of Black Hamburgh, well-colonred. Mr. G. W. Cummins, gr. to A. K. Smee, Esq , The Grange, Wallington, had the best Strawberries, showing only a fair dish of Waterloo. The 1st prize for a collection of fruit of six dishes was taken by Mr. Wm. Carr, who had large Stirling Castle Peach, and good B:ack Hamburgh Grapes. The best Melon came from Mr. O. Jeal, gr. to Mr. Waterall, Waddon Lodge. Mr. W. Carr was again 1st for Cucumbers with a pair of Telegraph. Vegetables. Mr. C. Parrett obtained 1st for a collection of salads in the local class ; and Mr. James Gibson, gr. to Mr. H. Berkeley James, The Oaks, Carshalton, 1st for a collection of vegetables with a very creditable exhibit. Miscellaneous. In the large plant tent were a number of groups arranged for effect apart from those in the compe- titive classes. A group of Begonias facing the entrance at one end, was from Messrs. J. Laing & Son, Forest Hill. It was a fine showy collection of the best single and donble varieties, with Ferns and 46 THE GA RDENE B S' CER ONI GL E. [Jolt 8, 1893. Asparagus, and edged with Caladium argyrites. But a little way removed was another group from the tame firm, composed of Caladiums. Begonias were also shown largely in a group put up by Mr. John R. Box, nurseryman, Croydon. It was very tastefully arranged, and included a good nuiiber of Caladiums as a relief; many of the varieties were of considerable merit. Mr. Thos. Butcher, South Norwood Nurseries, had a group of miscellaneous plants ; and a similar lot, but arranged very differently, came from Mr. C. Chaff, Park Hill Nurseries, Croydon. A large group of plants and Orchids, put up by Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, N., included some good stove plants, and a good piece of Ada aurantiaca, but it was not bright enough to show to advantage in so dark a tent. Messrs. J. Peed & Sons, Roupell Park Nursery, West Norwood, put up a group of plants, including some very well-grown Caladiums in good varieties. A collection of bunches of Violas, Border Car- nations, very fine Gaillardias, and sprays of orna- mental foliage shrubs, were from Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons. Another collection of Begonias were shown by Mr. G. H. Cooper, Sydenham Road Nursery, Croydon. A group of classes, arranged in a smaller tent, from cottagers, were very satisfactory ; the vegetables and salads especially being of rare merit. TORQUAY ROSE DAYS. The annual Rose exhibition was held in the nurseries of Messrs. Cortis, Sandford, & Co., of the Devon Roseries, who very kindly placed their large show-house at the disposal of the promoters, the Committee of the Local Gardeners' Relief Fund, besides opening the whole of their houses and grounds free to the public. Valuable prizes were offered by the firm, the Committee on the Relief Fund, and largely supplemented by the Torquay Horticultural Society. The principal prizes for Roses were taken by Mr. J. French, gr. to Moreton Sparks, Esq.; Mr. B. Richards, gr. to R. Mallock, Esq. ; Mr. H. Dammerell, gr. to Lady Macgregor ; Mr. J. Colwill, Newton Abbott, Mr. J. Stone, gr. to J. Kilson, Esq. Roses were very fair considering the loug dry and hot season. The firm of Curtis, Sandford, & Co. staged eighteen boxes of very good blooms in great variety. Miscel- laneous groups of plants brought a great many com- petitors, and very excellent collections were staged, all of great merit. The first prize was awarded to Mr. G. Medland, gr. to Moreton Sparks, Esq., whose group contained a variety of superb Orchids, and very tastefully and skilfully staged. Mr. Sloman, gr. to Captain Tucker, was a capital 2nd. For groups of plants, Orchids excluded, Mr. F. C. Ferris, gr. to J. Kimbe, Esq., was deservedly placed 1st, with a very fine collection. Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter, staged beautiful Carnation Alpuric, and other plants in great variety. Mr. Stansford, nurseryman of Torquay, staged a large collection of Carnations of splendid varieties. Messrs. Beach, of Kingswell, staged Carnations, Begonias, Roses, &c. STANMORE HALL, MIDDLESEX. The residence of W. K. D'Arcy, Esq., is one of the most important in the county, and its gardens since their reconstruction by Mr. Wm. Tidy, the gardener, are well worthy of it. Fruits and flowers are well grown, and in an extensive manner there, the fruits being perhaps of paramount importance. All the fruits under glass have given remarkable crops this year, and still there is abundance to follow. Peaches and Nectarines have been specially fine, the heavy crop of Alexandra being cleared. The Early Alfred, which is a great favourite here, is also finished, and each sort in succession is well in hand for keeping up the supply. One trained tree of Early Alfred bore 200 fruits of splendid quality ; and among the Nectarines, which have behaved equally well, a tree of Elruge bore 150 fruits, which averaged, it is stated, 5 oz. The long ranges of vineries also are in grand condition, and well-cropped ; the seem- ingly endless quantity of Tomatos, both in pots and out, in grand bearing, the best evidently being Stan- more Hall Surprise, raised by Mr. Tidy, and always used for general crop. Among other fruits under glass, the Plums are remarkable, and Blackberry Wilson Jun., which it is intended to grow more extensively, is fine ; while in the orangery are some very passable Oranges, and in one of the stoves the Papaw (Carica Papaya) is in fruit. The large conservatory is brilliant with Pelargo- niums, Fuchsias, Hymenocallis (Pancratium) macro- stephana, flowering Cannas, Gladiolus Colvillei alba, the hybrid Streptocarpus of Messrs. JaB. Veitch & Sons, Tdberoses, &c, arranged with Ferns and foliage plants. In the winter garden, whose lofty pillars are clad with Tea Roses, there is a fine Bhow of bloom, the Carnations, Roses, Heliotropes, &c, giving off a delightful fragrance. Here the Cacti bloom pro- fusely, one large plant of C. speciosissimus having over fifty fully-expanded flowers, and the lesser specimens of C. crenatus being well furnished with their fine cream-white blooms. In the stove-houses, the large salver-shaped yellow flowers of the Allamandas and the white of the Stephanotis, together with the mauve-coloured panicles of the Bongainvillea glabra, all of which are trained to the roof, form a fine sight ; and on the staging are Dracaenas, Crotons, Anthuriums, &c, for indoor decoration, which is a branch of the gardener's art to which much attention has to be given here. In the other houses specially note- worthy are a fine batch of Calanthes, a grand lot of Gloxinias, some fine plants of the scarlet Scutel- laria Mocciniana, a sturdy lot of Kalosanthes in bud, a good selection of Begoniai, and, generally speaking, nice batches of most plants useful for cutting or for decoration. From the terrace in front of the mansion, which stands on high ground, a grand view is obtained, the richly-coloured flowers in the geometrical garden, and the many fine beds of Roses and other flowers just beneath the eye, appearing the more brilliant in contrast with the green and more sober hues of the surrounding scenes, and the grey of the distant horizon. Near the mansion are three fine examples of Copper and Purple Beeches, some fine Conifers and other trees, and a quantity of judiciously- planted Rhododendrons, which have made a great display. The lawns and kitchen garden have suffered much from drought, the Pea crops being much affected. Nevertheless, two kinds, which are great favourites here, viz., Veitch's Earliest of All and Duke of Albany have been remarkably good, the latter still having a fine crop. These two varieties of Peas have withstood the drought better than any of the others, and seem to have been unaffected by it. The Rosery. AMERICAN ROSES. A great deal of " high faluting " has been written by the Americans concerning the contri- butions which they have made to our Rose gardens, and as in these days people are taken very much at their own estimate, a much higher position has been accorded to them in this respect than I think they have merited. Indeed, what we have received from thence has been almost altogether in the way of sports, and not seedling varieties. It may therefore be useful to notice those varieties which we have received from them, and to show what is the position they are entitled to occupy : — Marshal P. Wilder. — We received glowing descrip- tions of its beauty, brilliancy of its colouring, habit, &c, but when it was grown here, it turned out to be so like Alfred Colomb, that when brought before the National Rose Society's Catalogue Committee, it was bracketed with that flower, and in their recent catalogue it disappeared altogether. Some- times in the case of too-much-alike Roses, there is a certain dissimilarity in the foliage and style of growth which induces people to continue to grow them, notwithstanding the similarity of bloom, But every one knows the distinct character of the growth of Alfred Colomb, it being so upright, and the flower with its long footstalk being thrown considerably above the foliage. This is precisely what Marshal P. Wilder does. American Beauty, — This came out with a great flourish of trumpets, and we all expected to have got something valuable ; but, alas ! it was only a " wooden nutmeg," and very soon our experienced rosarians detected in it an old and worthless variety, Madame Ferdinand Jamain. It remained for a little while in our catalogues, but is now being gradually eliminated from them. The Bride,— This is without doub the most valuable Rose we have received from America. It was sent out in 1885, and immediately assumed the place it has ever since maintained ; it is not a seedling, but a sport from that long-established favourite, Catherine Mermet, which was raised by Guillot in 1S69. It is of precisely the lame cha- racter as the flower from which it has sprung, and has frequently been exhibited with an equal number of Catherine Mermet in the stand — a stand which is much admired. It is very fixed, and I have never known an instance of its falling back to the original. Sunset. — A sport from Perle des Jardin, com- bining all the excellencies and defects of that flower, but of a rich tawny orange colour ; like its parent, it is very difficult to open in wet weather, and some- times comes with a cleft centre. Such a season as that we are having now suits it admirably, and its bright flowers, somewhat of the colour of Madame Falcot, are very attractive. The Puritan. — A good deal of excitement was occasioned some years ago by the reception of a stand of this flower, which had been packed and sent in an ice- chamber from America, and which arrived perfectly fresh ; but the flower is valueless for us. It is white, confused in shape, with a number of small petals, and very full, making it almost hopeless to open in wet weather. Wahan. — This is another and more recent sport from Catherine Mermet; the colour is deep salmon- rose, retaining all the good form and build of the type ; it has not, as yet, been much exhibited here, but doubtless we shall see a good deal of it this season. The Queen. — This, which is another sport obtained by Messrs. Dingee and Conard, of West Pennsyl- vania, appears to have been fixed about the same time as Souvenir de S. A. Prince, both being sports from Souvenir d'un Ami, but of course preference was given by English rosarians to their home Rose, and consequently the American sport has almost gone out of cultivation over here. Besides these there are several of more recent origin of which I know nothing, but of which Mr. Geo. Paul writes :— " Beside these are Bridesmaid, a beautiful pink sport from Catherine Mermet; Oakwood, a pink H.P. ; J. B. Hayes, Bourbon climbing La France, received this year ; climbing Perle des Jardin, a really climbing form ; Golden Gate, a Tea in the way of Souvenir d'Elise ; Pearl Rivers, a tinted white China ; Ruby Gold is Jean Ducher (but Ketten of Luxem- bourg says that it is another sport from Catherine Mermet) ; Rainbow, a striped rosy China, is distinct ; H. M. Stanley, no good ; Pink Pearl we have not seen." As far as I know, these are all the Roses we have received from America, and, excluding those of a later date mentioned by Mr. Geo. Paul, I think we might send them all back, except The Bride, and our Rose gardens be none the poorer. Consequently, the notion which eeems to have seized some people's minds that we are much indebted to our American cousins, has little foundation. There does not seem to be any person who systematically hybridises and saves seed, as do some of the growers in our own country. Wild Rose. Rosa rugosa. It is a pleasure to find that such beautiful Roses as R. rugosa and its forms are shown in bunches at the exhibitions, a feature that secretaries would be wise to encourage. The classes for the single and old- fashioned types are a source of much interest to visitors, who do not, as a rule, know the merits of prize hybrid perpetual or tea-scented blooms. R. rugosa, the Japanese species, is a splendid garden shrub — for such we may call it. The growth is spreading, dense, and the leaves of a polished green July 8, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 47 colour. When the soil is deep, the branches will grow over 4 feet in height, and the large, single, fragrant, rosy-purple flowers are produced until quite the autumn, the crimson fruits adding rich colour towards winter. It makes a good hedge, and is grown thus in Mr. G. F. Wilson's charming garden at Wisley, forming a good barrier to cattle, and gay with flowers and fruits through a large portion of the year. The variety alba is a lovely Rose, the flowers similar to those of the species, but of the purest white. There is also a double crimson and a kind named Madame Georges Bruant, which has large, double, paper-white flowers— a distinct and inte- resting hybrid. R. rugosa, raised from seed, varies in colour, and we may anticipate in the future many more hybrids of fine character. Comte d'Epresnil is a form of this class, the flowers semi-double, purplish in colour, and very sweet-scented. It is one of the most fragrant Roses in cultivation. A large bush of R. rugosa on the lawn is very handsome, and it is adapted for grouping. V. GARDENERS AND GARDENING ON THE RIVIERA. Gabdening on the Riviera is very different to our English style of gardening ; and to a man arriving from the north, everything seems different, and, broadly speaking, he has to commence gardening afresh, or to more closely define it, he has to proceed very cautiously until he knows the climate and the different seasons. The French Jardiniere en chef, as we will term them, are generally ordinary labourers who, through having spent most of their life in gardens, have risen to the honourable post of head gardener. They know the climate ; they can produce a good supply of the ordinary flowers of the Riviera; they can tell a Phtuuix canariensis from a Washingtonia lifera ; and they will do almost anything that is required of them in the way of manual labour, from the using of a spade, to standing a whole hour bare-headed in a snow-storm whilst talking to you (more polite than prudent on their part). As in England, a man that can use a spade and shovel, and works in a garden, is called a gardener. These men are cheap, and suit the purpose of the majority of proprietors ; but if the true definition of the word gardener were known, I am afraid they would fail to be classed under that heading. There are, no doubt, some French gardeners to be found that will hold their own with any of the leading men of the day, and these men, as a rule, occupy first-class places. Where an Englishman is to be found, you almost invariably find a good garden, well kept, and in every way presentable. Kew men are well to the front, as the training they get whilst at Kew (both in the nomenclature and cultivation of plants) serves them well out here, as the plants which are generally to be met with in these gardens are nearly all to be found at Kew; and whilst working in the various departments, one gets a good knowledge of them. One example will be sufficient to prove my state- ment. In one of the finest and most noted gardens on the Riviera, with which I am well acquainted, the gardener (who, by the way, was a Frenchman, and, to boot, a very clever man) planted many rare things which do well here during the summer, but which require thin protection from the slight frosts we get occasionally during the winter. In his time they grew and flourished under hia careful and skilful culture, but the man who succeeded him was not a connoisseur des plantes. One after another was killed, and found its way to the rubbish-heap without the slightest ceremony ; and, in this way, many valuable plants, that once added greatly to its reputation, have returned to the dust from whence they came. Unlike the north, we have no good works or periodicals treating on the culture of plants in this climate, and, therefore, a man coming out with a good knowledge of plants, has an advantage to commence with. With so many valuable plants under our charge, our anxiety is further increased by the possibility of heavy losses, which we often experience amongst our batches of annual plants, which are so much used for bedding - purposes. For example, a man may have a fine healthy batch of Carnations at the present time, but before the winter he may lose more than fifty per cent, of them. Again, last season the Pansies were attacked by a disease, and some gardeners lost almost the whole of their stock by it. The cause of so many diseases is obvious, if we take into consideration the nature of our soil. It consists chiefly of sandstone and limestone, which, in a crude state, is solid rock, which has to be broken to pieces, and often in the first place blown out with gunpowder, and after being exposed to the air and moisture, it crumbles up and forms the soil of our gardens. Now, it is evident that this soil does not contain sufficient ingredients for the welfare of the generality of plants, especially annuals, and if the material is not supplied in the way of manure, &c, and in sufficient quantity, the plants must naturally suffer. Again, the diseases — if such they may be termed — are not of a lingering nature, for a batch of plants may be in good health one week and dead the next. Many instances of this kind are to be noted during the hottest part of the year, which again, as far as I have observed, is caused by the excessive heat of the sun. It is natural that the greater the heat, so much greater must be the respiration and assimilation ; and, if the necessary ingredients are not supplied to compensate the loss, the plants must naturally suffer. Again, it must not be overlooked that evapora- tion from the soil goes on much faster under the influence of the scorching sun, and the soil, being of a very porous nature, gives it off more freely. There are many little points which might be of interest to readers, of the success or failure in the cultivation of many plants, which, in England, are of little or no trouble to grow ; but, in the face of all odds, I must admit that good gardening on the Riviera is much more difficult than in England, but malheureuse- ment proprietors cannot as yet be convinced of the fact. Eii.'iera. Trade Notice. We learn that Mr. R. S. Baxter, for many years foreman of the Botanic Garden, Oxford, son and grandson of former distinguished Curators of the garden, has taken the Marston Street Nursery at Oxford. Mr. Baxter's extensive knowledge of plants and their culture should stand him in good stead in his new venture. Enquiries. — • — ■ " He that questioneth much shall learn much." — Bacon. Leopard and Hahvest Lilies. — Have any of your readers heard the term Leopard Lily given to any other plant than the genus Lachenalia? and is there such a plant as the Harvest Lily? E., Cardiff. Joseph Theobald, for the past thirty years florists' foreman to Messrs. George Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, passed away on June 29, after a few days' illness. He was a quiet, and much respected man, and was formerly with Mr. Ben Cant, of Colchester, where he propagated that queen of Tea Roses, Souvenir d'Elise, (By the term "accumulated temperature" is meant the aggregate amount, aB well as the duration, of degrees of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result is expressed in Day- degrees — a " Day-degree " signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours. J Temperature. Accumulated. I = !• ■° Z. : + o -> * > J 1 + 0 aver 2 T 1 T 1 + 1 + 1 + .' + 1 + a + 0 aver 3 + Day- deg. 90 99 116 125 128 130 101 121 125 115 US 141 a « . BOW Day- deg. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Day- deg. + 352 + 255 + 285 + 341 + 148 + 386 + 352 + 445 + 494 + 393 + 423 + 573 3 8-" ■ » >> : S a KitNFALL. its s • s-3 SS 4- = 3 °> £S I Day- cleg. lOths Inch. - 57 3 — — 21 1 + — 62 1- — 37 3- — 47 2 — 43 i- — 63 3- — 91 3 + — 70 0 aver — 101 3 + - 100 4 + 0 aver Brioht Sun. Ins. 185 110 8 0 36 7-4J 46 T-B. 45 7-8 43 15-2 31 We 38 11-7, 48 12 6, 40 133 35 9 4 53 l-s El The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following s— 0, Scotland. N. Principal Wheat-producing Districts— 1, Scotland. E.; 2, England, N.E. : 3. England, E. ; 4, Midland Counties; 6, England, including London, S. Principal Gracing, #c, Districts — 6, Sootland, W. ; 7. England, N.W.; 8, England, S.W. ; 9, Ireland, N.; 10. Ireland. S. ; * Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending July 1, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather continued unsettled, and showery in all districts during the earlier part of the period, with thunder and lightning in several localities. Subsequently, however, the conditions became fine and dry again in all districts, and continued so for the remainder of the week. " The temperature equalled the mean in ' Scotland, E ,' and ' Ireland, S.,' but was slightly above it in all other districts. The highest of the maxima, which occurred at most stations on July 1, varied from 86° in the Midland Counties, to 85° in the ' Channel Islands,' and 84° in 'England S. and S.W.,' to 74° in ' Ireland, S.' The lowest of the minima were recorded, as a rule, during the earlier days of the period, and ranged from 35° in 'Scotland, W.,' and 39° in 'Ireland, N.,' to 44° in ' England, N.E.,' and to 49° in the ' Channel Islands.' " The rainfall was rather more than the mean in ' Scotland, E.,' ' England, N.W.,' and over Ireland, and just equal to it in ' Eogland, S.W.,' and the 'Channel Islands;' in all other districts, however, there was again a deficit. In some parts of Ireland the rain waa very heavy locally — that on Tuesday at Dungannon the large amount of 3 33 inches was recorded between 12.30 and 7 p.m. " The bright sunshine was rather less than the normal in Scotland, but exceeded it over Eogland and Ireland. The percentage of the possible dura- tion ranged from 53 in the Channel Islands, and from between 43 and 48 in most parts of England, to 31 in ' Scotland, W.,' aud 25 in ' Scotland, N.' " 48 THE GARDENERS' C HE ONI CLE. [July 8, 1893. Chiswick Garden Flower Show— On Tuesday, July 11, the Committees of the Royal Horticultural Society will meet in the Gardens at Chiswick, which we may remind our readers are near to Acton Green, Turnham Green, Gunnersbury, Chiswick and Kew Bridge Stations. A special show of Carnations and Picotees, by the National Carna- tion and Picotee Society will be held in conjunction with the Sjciety's meeting. The Fruit, Floral, and Orchid Committees will meet at 11 am., and Lady George Hamilton has kindly consented to distribute the prizes in the afternoon. The Band of the Royal Horse Guards, under the direction of Mr. Charles Godfrey, will perform during the day, and the exhibition will be open to the public from one to ei^ht p m. Fellows of the Society and special sub- scribers will be admitted to the gardens at noon. Intending exhibitors should not fail to communicate the nature of their exhibits to Mr. Barron forthwith, so that the required amount of space may be allotted. Carnation Duchess of York. — We have received from Mr. Gifford, Montague Nurseries, Tottenham, some fine blooms cut from plants growiDg in the open ground of the above variety. In colour it is just that of the Souvenir de la Mal- maison Rose, with the centre a tender pink, as in that Rose. It is a fairly full 6ower, with florets simply arranged, not [confused, as in the Carnation of that name, and fragrant. A desirable addition to border Carnations. ARKETS. COJrENT GABVEb, July 6. Market dull to-day in consequence of the Royal Wedding, but a brisk business during the week, with hpavy supplies at prices somewhat easier. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, Plants in Pots.- S. Adiantum, per doz. 6 Aspidistra, per doz. 15 — specimen, each 7 Calceolaria, per doz. 4 Cockscombs, per doz. 4 Crassula, per doz. ...18 CyperuB, per dozen 4 Dracsena, each ... 1 PernB, various, doz. 4 Ferns, small, per 100 5 Picas elastica, each 1 Foliage plants, doz.12 Fuchsia, per doz. ... 6 -Average Wholesale Prices. d. t.d. t.d. t. d. 0-12 0 Hydrangea, par doz.12 0-24 0 0-30 0 Ivy Geranium, doz. 4 0-60 6-21 0 Lilium Harrisii ...18 0-30 0 0-6 0 Lobelia, per doz. ... 3 0- 6 0 0-6 0 Marguerite, per doz. 6 0-12 0 0-42 0 Mignonette, per doz. 0-10 0 pots 4 0-60 0- fi 0 Musk, per doz 2 0-40 0-9 0 Nasturtiums, p. doz. 4 0-60 Palms, various, each 2 0-10 0 0-8 0 — specimens, eachlO 6-84 0 6-7 6 Pelargonium, p. doz. 8 0-12 0 0-42 0 — scarlet, p. doz. 3 0-60 0-9 0 Saxifrage, per doz. 12 0-18 0 Cut Flowers.— average Wholesale Prices. Arum, per doz. bl. ... 2 Aster (French), bun. 2 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 Calceolaria, doz. bun. 4 Carnation, doz. bun. 4 — dozen blooms 1 Cornflower, 12 bun. 1 Kucharis, per dozen 3 Gardenia, per dozen 1 Heliotrope, per doz. sprays 0 Lilium lancifolium, per dozen ...12 — per doz. blooms : — Harrisii, p. doz. 3 Maiden Hair Fern, 12 bunches ... 4 Marguerite, p. doz. bunches 1 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 Myosotis, 12 bunches 2 d. t.d. 0-4 0 0-2 6 6- 1 0 0-6 0 0-9 0 6-4 0 0-3 0 0-4 0 0-3 0 4 0 6 0-18 0 ! 0 4 0 0-5 0 6-3 0 0-4 0 0-3 0 Pansy, per doz. bun. 1 Orchids : — Cattleya, 12 blms. 6 Odontoglossum oriBpum,12b!ms. 2 Pelargoniums, scar- let, p. 12 bun. 4 — 12 sprays ... 0 Pink, various, 12 bun. 2 Poppy, doz. bunches 1 Primula, dble. p. bun. 0 Pyrethrum, 12 bun. 2 Roses, doz. bunches 3 — Tea, per dozen 0 — coloured, dozen 2 — yellow (Mare- chals),per doz. 1 — red, perdozen.,. 1 Stocks, per bunch ... 0 Sweet Sultan, 12bun. 2 Tuberose, 12 blms. 0 d. t.d. 0-2 0 0-6 0 0-6 0 6-0 9 0-6 0 6-4 0 6- 1 0 0-4 0 0-8 0 6-2 0 0-4 0 6-6 0 0- 1 6 4-0 6 0-4 0 4-0 9 Orchid-bloom in variety. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices . d. t. d. Cherries, half-sieve, 4 0-70 Currants, black, £s>ve. 4 6-4 9 — red, do. ... 2 0-40 Cobs, per 100 lb Gooseberries, half-sve. 16 2 0 Grapes, per lb. ... 1 0- 2 0 Vegetables. — Average s. d. s. d. | Beans, French, lb. ... 16-20 Beet, red, per dozen 2 0-30 Carrots, per bunch... 0 4-06 Cauliflowers, each . Cucumbers, each . Endive, per dozen . Herbs, per bunch . Lettuces, par dot. , t.d. t.d. Lemons, per oase ...12 0-20 0 Peaches, per doz. ... 3 0-90 Pine-apples, St. Mi- ohael 2 0-50 Oranges, per case ...20 0-30 0 Strawberries, per lb. 0 3-16 Retail Prices. t.d. t.d. Mushrooms, punnet 2 0- Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 4- ... Parsley per bunch... 0 3-06 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... 2 0-30 Tomatos, per lb. ... 06-10 0 9-10 Turnips, per bunch... 04-06 16-20, ,03-06 ,04-08 as was expected, thiB morning's seed market presented quite a holiday appearance, with but little business passing. For their new Trifolium. the French are asking long prices ; a few good- sized parcels of home-grown seed have been sent to market. There is no change in either Mustard or Rapeseed. Canary seed, as is always the case at the turn of the half-year, is dull of sale, but meantime, values show great strength. Linseed is rather dearer. Hemp-seed keeps firm. For Peas and Haricots full prices are made. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Borough: July 4.— Quotations :— Peas, 2s. to 3s. 6*. per bushel; Cabbages, is. to 6s. per tally; Parsley, 3s. per dozen bunches; Egyptian Onions, is. 6d. to 5s. per cwt.; Horse- radish, 2s. Gd. to 2s. 9d. per bundle ; Cherries, 4s. to €s. ; Goosebarries, Is. Gd. to 3s. per half-sieve. Farringdon : July 6.— Quotations :— Apples, 4s. per bushel ; Is 9d. per bisket;"GreenGage3, 2s. to2s. 6rf. per flat; Cherries, 4s. per bushel ; Currants, White, 2s. per 151b. ; do., 'Black, 2s. Gd. per 24 lb. ; do.. Red, 3s. per 2t lb. ; Raspbeiries, 3d. per pound ; Gooseberries, Is. Gd. to 2s. per half-bushel of 24 lb. ; Tomatos, bd. per pDund ; Grape?, lOd. per pound ; Cucumbers, 3s. per dozen ; Peas, 2s. Gd. to 3s. 6i. per bushel; Cabbages, 4s. to 6s. per tally ; Onions, Egyptian, 4s. Gd. to 5s. per cwt. ; Turnip", 2s. Bd. to 3s. Qd. do. ; Carrots, Is. Gd. per dozen bunches, Spitalfields: July 4.— Quotations :— Cabbages, 4s. to 6s. per tally; Peas, 2s. to 3s. Gd. per bushel ; Turnips, 2s. Gd. to 3s. 6i. ; Egyptian Onions, 4s. Gd. to 5s. Gd. per cwt.; Horse- radish, 2s. Gd. to 2s. 9d. per bundle; Cherries, 4s. to 6s ; Gooseberries, Is. Gd. to 3s. per half-sieve. Stratford : Ju'y 5.— There was an excellent supply of all kinds of produce at this market during the past week, and a brisk trade has been done as under :— Cabbages, 2s. Gd. to 5s. per tally ; Cauliflowers, 9d, to Is. Gd. perdozen ; do.. 3s. id. to 7s. per tally; Mangels. 2_'s. to 28s. per ton ; Onious, Egyptian, 80s. to 100s. do. ; Apples, English, 3s. to 4s. Gd per bushel; RUck Currants, 3s. to 4s. Gd. per half-sieve; Gooseberries. Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Plums, 2s. to 3s. 2d. ; Pears, 2s. to 2s. Gd. Vegetables : Marrows, Is. to 2s. ; Horseradish, 2s. 3d. to 2s. Gd. per bundle. HAT. Average*. — The following are the averages of the prices at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, prime, 140s. to 165s.; do., new, 115s. to 130s.; do., inferior, 100s. to 120s.; hay, best, 145s. to 165s. ; do., inferior, 90s. to 100s.; new mixture, 115s, to 130s, ; and straw, 42s. to 50s. per load. Notices to Correspondents. SEEDS. 'LONDON : J"ly 5. —Messrs. John Shaw & Sods, Seed Mer- chants, of Great Maze Pond, Borough, London, S.E., write that Books : Beginner. Henfrey's Elementary Course of Botany ; Moore's Handbook of British Ferns. Dates of Shows : T. O. C. The dates of horticul- tural shows of importance are given in these columns from week to week, but not agricultural shows ; for those you should apply to the agri- cultural journals. Gbapes Diseased: B. W. A. The berries are affected with the so-called spot, a fungus— lihi' osporium laticolor. Cut out and burn the berries which show the least trace of spotting. L?t the air of the vinery be warm, buoyant, and always in motion, the reverse of cool, moist, stag- nant— conditions that favour the growth of the fungus. Keep the flowers-of-sulphur mixed like mustard about the vinery in saucers. Coat the hot-water-pipes with lime and sulphur wash, and use them when there is need to do so. Grapes Shrivelling : J. if. B. Without knowing more about the state and treatment of the Vines than your note affords, and seeing the produce, &c, we cannot tell yon why the berries shrivel. Kindly send specimens of the best and worst bunches, shoots, leaves, &c. The gardener cer- tainly should not keep the borders covered with manure and straw at this season. The roots of Vines need heat as much as the top growth, and massf s of manure, &c, hinder the heat penetrating the soil. Grapes that have Lost their Bloom : One in Dis- tress. We should suppose, now that you have washed the bloom off the fruit by inordinate syring- ing, you might restore it after the manner of the ladies, by means of violet powder and a puff! This is the only advice we can afford you. Hotels for Gardeners Visiting London : W. C. We cannot recommend particular establishments, but we would advise W. C. to patronise the larger hotels in preference to the smaller ones and coffee- houses. They are cleaner, the service and cooking are better, and the prices are not extravagant. Insects : if. S. B. The Longicorn Beetle is Diaxenes sp., which seems to have been imported with some plants lately, If it breeds here it will prove troublesome. The only remedy we can suggest is to catch and destroy. If you have more specimens, please send some. Mangel Wurzel of Last Year : A P. If the roots are still sound, and the tops can grow a little, the stacks being ventilated at the apex in the usual way, there is no reason why they should not be used as cattle food during late autumn and early winter. They will lose in nutritive qualities if their juices have to support new top-growth, and we think that unless growth is made, withering, and eventually decay, will occur very soon. Names of Plants : J. W. Tall one, Armeria vulgaris ; dwarf, A. maritima. — Buckley. Camassia Fraseri, a native of United States ot America. G. H. S. Vaccinium arboreum. — Hugo M. Campanula lactiflora, fine specimen ; more than usually glabrous. — if. if. 1, Lysimachia verticillata ; 3, Erinus alpinus ; 6, Anchusa officinalis. — C. W. D. Campanula lactiflora. — Dorset. 1, Leycesteria formosa; 2, Escatlonia rubra. — A. Clark. We cannot name the Rose; 2, Spiraea arisefolia. — if. O. A species of Malpighia, of which several were or are in cultivation. We will endeavour to give you the specific name next week. In the mean- time, we do not think it would be a good com- mercial plant, but of that you ought to be a better judge than we. — J. W. A species of Fraxinus or Ash, we will endeavour to give you the specific name next week. — B. H. <$• Son. Rhyncostylis (Saccolabium) guttata ; Adiantum Waltoni ; Hedera Helix digitata. — Monmouth. Oncidinm Lanceanum. — C. E. H. 1, Tanacetum vulgare ; 2, Sidalcea malviflora ; 3, Malva moschata alba ; 4, Hieracium aurantiacum ; 5, Hesperis matronalis, double- flowered ; 6, Reseda lutea. — A. H. S., R. H. S„ E. D. L., J. T. L., all next week.— L. M. C. S. Both seedlings of Kentia Eorsteriana, — A. H. P. Pelargonium ignescens. Open-air Tomatos : F. N., Evesham. You will find full instructions for preparing the Bordeaux Mix- ture on p. 12 of our last issue. Do not wait till the disease appears on the plants before making use of the remedy, but do not use it if the fruits are near to ripeness. Roses : A. C. We cannot undertake to name Roses. Send them to a nurseryman who grows Rises largely. Vine, Melon, and Tomato : J. Shepherd. I see nothing but a sickly, emaciated appearance, like rapid decline. There is no fungus. It is wholly indeed a question of culture, and I cannot say what. It is not a fungus attacking indiscriminately Vines, Melons, and Tomatos ; besides, there is no trace of fungus, there mnst be some local cause not to be guessed from the plants. They have no vigour in them, but I find no spots, and nothing to suggest fungus disease ; they are simply miserable rickety children, being " coddled to death." M. C. Cooke. Vines : Subscriber. I find no fungus disease at all. I think the mischief must be at the roots. A priori, the fact that several other Vines are in the same house, and doing well, is against fungus disease, and points to something exclusively belonging to this Vine. The brown Bpots on the edges of the leaves are peculiar ; you will see how they retreat inwards in concentric waves in a way no fungus spots are formed, and there is no myce- lium. The general character of the leaves and branches is that of healthy tissue, but checked suddenly. The Grapes are so small, too, and in rotting are covered with a white bloom. Within the berry I have not found a thread of mycelium. It is no fungus there. Outside the white bloom is a very small mould, but a saprophyte, a minute Penicillium, quite innocent of any mischief, and follows on the rotting berries. M. C. Cooke. [The setting, from some cause or other seems to have been imperfect. Ed.] Communications Received.— W. Sowerby. — W. E. Dunning. — Crystal PalaceComnany.—E.T.—S.M .Paris— E.B..Reval. — T. A.— E. W. B.— R. ft.— H. W. W.— Ch. de B., Lierre.— H. T.— J. A.— H. H. DO — E. P., Ghent.— G. P.— Messrs. Sander £ Co.- J. H. & J. B.— J. OB.— J. R. J.— C. B., Troyes.— H. C. VV., Singapore.— W. S. Thomson.— Ed. Mawley.— R. D.— J. B.. too late for this week.— J. R.— R. D. —A. S.— W. K.— W. & S.— M. T— Extension.— E. M.— H. W. W.— W. G. S.-J. B.-J. M.— S. A.- J. V. & Sons. —J. B. M.— A. G.— A. C. Photographs Received, with Thanks.— E. T.— H, T, BIRTH.— On July 4, at 30, Kenwyn Road, Clap • bam, the wife of Arthur Geobqe Martin, publisher of this journal, of a son. Jul* 8, 1893.; THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 49 THE SYDNEY MAIL, AND NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER. CONTENTS .— INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS. SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated BELL'S LITE in SYDNEY. RECORD of RACES and NOTES on the TURF. CRICKET and AQUATICS. THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved especi- ally for this Journal.) NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.) AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTUBK. GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally. STOCK and SHARE REPORTS. ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRALIAN AUTHORS. THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY. INDOOR AMUSEMENTS. THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE. COMMERCIAL NEWS. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects. Subscription In Advance, £1 6s. per Annum. Single Copies, Qd . ; Stamped, Id. Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales. ENGLAND. The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL:— LOSDOK Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C. Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.C. Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street, Fleet Street, E.C. Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 188, Strand. BRISTOL James and Henry Grace, Royal Insurance Buildings. Manchester... James and Henry Grace, 73, Market Street. Edinburgh ... Robertson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street. Glasgow W. Porteous 6l Co., 16, Royal Exchange Place. $g~ Copies of each Journal are filed at the above Offices for the use of Advertisers. FARMS, ESTATES, RESIDENCES. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residenoe, or Purchasing an Estate, oan have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD SUPPLIED FREE FOR SIX WEEKS, on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding Name and Address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed, " Mid- land Counties Herald Office, Birmingham." The Midland Counties Herald always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. Two Books on Floriculture. rPHE ROSE : A Treatise on the Cultivation, J Hibtory, Family Characteristics, &c-, of the Various Groups of Roses. With Accurate Description of the Varieties now Generally Grown. By H. B. Ellwanger. With an Introduction by George H. Ellwanger. J -mo. cloth, 5s. Uniform with the above. THE GARDEN'S STORY : or, Pleasures and Trials of an Amateur Gardener. By G. H. Ellwanger. With an Introduction by the Rev. C. Wolley Don. 12mo, cloth, with Illustrations, 55. London: WM. HEINEMANN, 21, Bedford Street, W.C. ESTATE SALES. The Best County Medium for Advertising Sales of Estates is THE "WORCESTER HERALD," ESTABLISHED 1794, The Leading County Paper. Extensive circulation amoDg the upper and middle classes in Worcesterphire and adjoining counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for reference and distribution plans and particulars of Estate?, Catalogues of Machinery, Furniture, Books, and other property advertised in the columns of the '* HERALD." Sales of Stock and Agricultural Effects. The "WORCESTER HERALD " is the most effective organ for giving publicity to announcements of this class. It is the leading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates most extensively among Agriculturists in and around Worcestershire. Farms to Let. Land Agents, Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let, would do well to advertise in the " WORCESTER HERALD," the leading County Paper. Specially adapted for bringing such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large circulation, Moderate charge. Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing results the "WORCESTER HERALD" is recognised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates. Apply for Terms. SPECIMEN FREE. Price 2d, Published Friday for Saturday, OFFICES: — 72, HIGH STREET, WORCESTER. AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL I NTERESTS ABE BEST REPRESENTED IN AMERICAN GARDENINC, WHICH INCLUDES : — THE AMERICAN GARDEN THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY and H0R- United TICULTURIST in THE FLORAL CABINET ONE. POPULAR GARDENING ' Making the Largest, Best, Oldest, Liveliest, Handsomest Gardening Magazine in America, THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAL FOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England, and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, 6s. Subscriptions must commence from Jan. 1. E. H. LIB BY, Publisher, Times Building, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland: STEEL and JONES, 4, Spring Gardens, Charing Cross, London, S.W., to whom Orders for Advertisemensand Subscrip- tions may be sent. A Specimen Copy post-free for H d. (stamps). THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. From To THE PUBLISHER, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON, W.C. Please send me " The Gaedeners' Chronicle " for _ commencing^ ; fnr wfoch j ^fo,,, p.o.O.^ _1893. Months, QT Please Note that all copies sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance. =41 THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months, Is. 6d. ; 3 Months. 3s. 9d. ; Post-free. ALL FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS, Including Postage, 17s. 6ressure upon our space at this season of the year is so great, we are compelled to state that advertisements received after 6 P.M. on Wednesday will, in all probability, be held over to the next week. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DICKSON S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, are always in a position to RECOMMEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their busi- ness. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address— "DICKSONS, Chester." F SANDER AND CO. can reoommend • several highly qualified and energetic HEAD and UNDER GARDENERS, of excellent character, and proved ability; men thoroughly fitted for all the various duties of their profession. For alt particulars, please apply to — F. SANDER AND CO., St. Albane. BS. WILLIAMS and SON beg to intimate • that they have at present in their Nursery and upon their Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities will be made.— Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, N. i>^) BONUS for intimation that will secure a cv^ situation as HEAD WORKING GARDENER where two or more are kept. Disengaged August 15. Abstainer. Married, one child.— B. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head).— Age 29, married; thoroughly practical in all branches. Can be highly recommended. — A., 21, Ravensbury Grove, Mitcham, Surrey. GARDENER (Head).— Age 25; thoroughly practical in Growing and Forcing all kinds of Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables. Also first-class hand at T&ble Deco- rations and Floral Work. Good characters. Three and a half years in present situation. Life experience. — R. A., 38, Claybrook Road, Hammersmith, W. GARDENER (Head); age 89, married, and without family.— C. BOATWRIGHT, for the last four and a half years Head Gardener to the late E. Covell, Esq., Beekenham Place, Beckenham, is desirous of re-engage- ment. Twenty-six years' good practical knowledge iu all matters relative to horticulture. Leaving through death. / > ARDENER (Head), in a good establish- V_T ment. — Age 3i>, married, no family ; twenty-four years' experience in all branches, also Landscape Work. Well recommeoded.— F. ALLARD, West Malvern, Worcestershire. GARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept.— Age 3'J; single. Thorough good all-round general experience in all branches. Both Inside and Out; Suburbs of London preferred. Four years' good references. — H. W., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept. — Age 32, married, two children ; six years' highest reference from late employer as Head. Well versed Inside and Out.— A. B., Rose Cottage, Kingston Road, New Maiden, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 48, single; would be pleased to engage with any La«i> ur Gentleman, where a good practical man is required to grew both Early and Late Fruits. Vegetables, and Flowers; very successful with Grapes and Peaches. Good Testimonials, with good Reference aha.— A. G., 3, Grove /Terrace, Cfcurchend, Finchley, Middlesex. GARDENER (Head Working); age 32, married, no family.— Mr. Bethi-XL, late Head Gar- dener at Ashton Court, can strongly recommend a good prac- tical all-rounri man as above. Excellent references. — CURTIS, Camp Cottages, Clifton Down, Bristol. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept. — Age 4t>, married, ua family; Vines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Fruit. Flower, Kitchen Garden, &c. Seven years with present employer. — J. S. D., Greenhill Park, New Barnet, Herts. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 38, married; thorough practical all-round man, In-dde and Out. Sixteen years' good character. — H., 48, Bedfonl Road, Ealing Dean, W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40; no family ; fourteen years' practical experience in leading establishments as Head Gardener; seven years in all the newest imported Orchids and Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, and Peaches.— J. G., 6?-, Rupert Street, Reading. GARDENER (Head~~Working).— Age 27, married when suited; ihoroughly experienced in all branches of Gardening. Excellent character.— G. G., Mrs. Clayton, High Street, Kenley, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working); age 30; twelve years' experience in good Gardens. Good refer- ences — W.L., 5. Little Elm Place, FulhamEoad, London, S.W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married, three children. The Hon. Mrs. Portman wishes to recommend the above. Thoroughly understands all his duties. Ten years' excellent character. — J. A., 13, Witley Road, Upper Holloway, London, N. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32, married; life experience in large establishments in all branches. Highest reference for capabilities and character.— F. SEEKINGS, 11, Albert Terrace, New Eltham, S.F. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 42. married.no family; experieuced in Viue*, Ciuumbers, Melons, Tomatos, Mushrooms, istove and Greenhouse Plants, Fruit, Flower, and Kitchen Gardens, Early and Late Forcing. Twenty-five years' experience, eeventeeu as Head. Good re- ferences.— F. PAY, Hawks Hill, Bourne End, Maidenhead, Berks, GARDENER (Head Working).— Age i'!t, marri d, no family; understands orchids, Stove, Green- house, Fruit, Table, and Floral. Would suit where chieily Glass. Good characters.— M.B.,6, Prigstoek Parade, Thornton Heath. GARDENER (Head Working), or GAR- DENER and B ULIFF.— Married, one girl (age 14); understands his profession in all its branches. Total abstainer. Fifteen years' excellent character.— H. HILL, 42, Colegrave Road, Stratford New Town, Essex. Jolt 8, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 51 GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32. Seventeen years' practical experience in all branches of the profession. Can be well recommended as to character and abilities.— H. J. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head Working).— Life ex- perience in all branches of the profession. Over four years in present situation. Disengaged July 7. No encum- brance.— B. RICHARDSON, The Cottage, Montague Road, Datchet, Bucks. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 45, married, no family; experienced in Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove, Greenhouse, Fruit, Flower, and Kitchen Gardens.— R. PRICE, 5. Percy Road, Ore, Hastings. ARDENER (Head Working); age 36, married ; abstainer. Practical experience in good establishments. Good testimonials and references. — CURTIS, 6, Alfred Terrace, Sydenham Road, Lower Sydenham. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 44, widower, without family; twenty-five years' practical experience. Excellent character.— T. B. W., 42, Nascot Street, Watford. f\ ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed). V_T —Age 29, married when suited; fourteen years' expe- rience in all branches. Good reference. Abstainer. — EGGLETON, The Grove Post Office, Ealing, W. GARDENER (Head, or good Single- handed). — Eecommended as a good and competent Gardener. Character will bear strictest investigation. — A. BOOKER, 59, Ringford Road, West Hill, Wandsworth, S.W. GARDENER (Head, or good Singlk- HANDEp).— Married ; well up in all branches. Twelve years' experience. Good character.— H. SMITH, 3, Frith Road, Croydon. GARDENER (good Single-handed, or with help). -Age 28, married when suited. Good character. — J. COLE, Tne Gardens, Feather=toae Hall, Southall, Middlesex. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age L'tj, married when suited ; well recommended by Mr. Bird, Head Gardener. — H. D., 62, South Croxted Road, West Dulwich, S.E. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where help is given. — Age 29, single; good all-round. Suc- cessful Grower and Exuibitor of Chrysanthemum Blooms. Good character.— J. HEATH, Church Lane, Dullingham, Cambs. GARDENER (Single-handed, or where help is given); age 26, single.— A Gentleman highly recommends his Gardener as above ; Leaving through breaking up of establishment.— W., North Cottage, ,>orth Ko-id, Egham. GARDENER (Single-handed or Second). — Age 29, single; thoroughly experienced. Inside and Out. Good character.— A. K., 1, Pembrook Villas, Heme Terrace, Dunstan's Road, Ea>-t Dulwich, S.E. GARDENER (Single-handed, or where two are kept). — Married, Good character and references. Country preterred.— J. KILHAMS, 24, Connaught Terrace, West Brighton, Sussex. GAUDENER (Single-handed (good), or where two are kept). — Age 83, married ; well up to his work in every branch. First-class references. — H. P., Walton Oaks, Ep^om. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Man and Wife, with ten years' good character. — Apply, 4, Maunder Road, Hanwell, W. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 24, single. Lifetime experience in Flowers, Fruit, Vege- tables. &c. Willing to nnike himself useful in any other way, if required — E. L., 1, College Terrace. Church End, Finchley. GARDENER. — A Gentleman can recom- mend his young Gardener. Excellent personal character. —Write to C. A. KEKEWICU, Elstree, Herts. GARDENER, where one or more are kept. — Age 4S ; no family. Experienced in Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Land, and Stock. Good character.— T. CAKVEY, 163, Elthorne Road, Horney Rise, N. GARDENER (Second).— Age 22; Inside and Out. Good experience in all class of Gardening. Excel- lent references.— W. FOWLER, Holly Bush Hill, Stoke Poges, near Slough. GARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN (First).— Age 25 ; three years in present place, with Charge of Fruit and Plant Houses. Nine years' experience. Good character.— S. COGGAN, stowlangloft Hall Gardens Bury St. Edmund's. GARDENER (Second), in a Private Estab- a „1'SJ'm™t'~Age *5' m""<=d; well experienced, Inside and Out. Three years' good character from last place. Live in a lodge if required. Abstainer. - L. PLAW, Hascombe, near Godiuming, Surrey. GARDENER (Second).— Age 19; under- stands Growing Flowers Inside and Out, and Kitchen Gardening. Four years experienee.-S., Mrs. Rayner, Brent Cottage, Greenford, near Southall, Middlesex. ARDENER (Second), where four or five are kept.— Age 23 ; four years' character.— A OLIVER Church Place, Great Bookham, Surrey. GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). — Single. Nine years' character from last situation. — W. HERN, Warren Farm, Kingswood, near Epsom. GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). — Age 30, married, no family ; thoroughly understands Kitchen and Flower Gardeos. Good reference. — HUNT, 20, Bramah Road, Brixton, S.W. GARDENER (Second), Inside and Out; age 22.— H. K. Seamon, Gardener to the Right Hon. Stavely ,Hill, can thoroughly recommend a young man as above. Two years in situation. Near Londou preferred. — Apply, The Gardens, Oxley Manor, Wolverhampton. GARDENER (Second), where four or more are kept. — Age 24; well experienced. Inside and Out. Mr. Gibson will recommend a young man as above, — A. STREET, Greenlane, Amplie.d, Romsey. GARDENER (Under, or Single-handed). — Age 22, unmarried ; understands Growing Flowers inside and Out, and Kitchen Gardening. Five years" character last place.— J. STEVENS. Chobham Common, n^ar Woking. GARDENER (Under).— Age 22 ; seven years' experience in gentlemen's gardens; used to Vines and general work. Good references. — ALBERT FRAMPTON, Church Lane, Che-huut, Herts. GARDENER (Under), Inside, or Inside and Out. — Age 21 ; good experience. Can be highly recom- mended.—A., Mrs. Lee. Ashwell. near Ilminster, Somerset. GARDENER (Under), where three or four are kept ; or Single-handed, where help is given.— Age 26 ; moderate wage--. Fourteen years' practical experi- ence in all-round Gardening. Abstainer. — J. R., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Under).— Aged 21 ; good experience in Kitchen and Pleasure-ground Work. Willing and obliging. Good character.— A. H., Regent's Place, High Street, Slough. C ^ARDENER (Under ).— Age 20. Two years' A experience Inside and Out. Strong and willing. Good character.— T. C, 8, Jackson Road, Ea*t Barnet, Herts. GARDENER (Under, or Third), in a private Establishment. Age 2U ; four years' experience. Two years' excellent character from present employer. — H. COTTERILL, Greenford Road, Sudbury, Middlesex. GARDENER (Third), or otherwise.— Age 23; eight years Inside and Out. Three years' good recommendation. Near London preferred. — A. HUNTLEY, 15, Prince's Road, Kingston-on-Thames. HTO THE TRADE. — MANAGER, FORE- X MAN and SALESMAN, age TO, single ; fifteen years' ex- perience in all branches. Could take journey, r/irst^class references.— J. WIMSEK, Brookside. Ascot. Berks. MANAGER, SALESMAN, or FOREMAN GROWER— Age 38; well up in all branches of the trade. Fruit, Flowers, Wreaths, &c— PALMER, 10S, Boiling- brook Grove, Wandsworth Common. S.W. MANAGER, or FOREMAN. — Age 28 ; Vine*. Toruatos, Cucumbers, Plants, Cut Flowers, Ferns, &c— H. M.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To Nurserymen and Fruit Growers. MANAGER, or FOREMAN. — Age 30; abstainer. Thorough practical man. Good references. — GEORGK FLOYD, SI, Leighton Road, Kentish Town. N.W. TO ESTATE AGENTS, &c— A thorough practical Market Gardener under Glass, is open to an engagement to Grow for profit where the Glass is suitable for market purposes, wages to be paid by results. Highest refer- ences from the leading growers in the trade. Please state particulars to X . Garden. rs' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. ROSE GROWER, or PROPAGATOR of Hardy Trees. Shrubs, Conifers, Clematis, &c. Has been twelve years Foreman to Mr. Prince, Oxford, and under- stands Seedling Briar and all other Rose Stocks.— S. C. LEY, Longworth, Faringdon, Berks. ROSE GROWER.— Inside or Out, either for Exhibition or otherwise. Has been twelve years Rose Foreman to Messrs. Jno. .Tefferie* 8c. Son, Royal Nurseries Cirencester.— A. CONEY. 42, WatermoorKoad, Cirencester. To Nurserymen and Florists. FOREMAN and PKOPAGA'l OR.— Twenty- live years* practical experience in the Cultivation of Plants and Cut Flowers. Could take entire Management if required. Good Salesman.— G. PESTRIDGE, 5, Beale Street, Lower Edmonton. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR— Age 30; Roses, Rhododendrons, Clematis, Conifers, and General Nursery Stock. First-cla^s references.— GEO, WATERS, 2, Castilian Villas, Waltham Cress. Herts. FOREMAN. — Two years Foreman in present situation ; eight years' experience in good establishment^. Good reference. — C. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office 41 Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. FOREMAN. — A young man, age 27, who can be well recommended, and has a thorough knowledge of all Indoor Departments.— S. HORN'IBROOK, Messrs Sander St. Albans. FOREMAN, Inside.— Age 27; ten years' experience in plant and fruit-houses. Good references. —GEO. THOMPSON, Park Gatehouse, Westwell, Ashford, Kent. OREMAN, in a Private Establishment.— Gooi Flower and Fruit Grower.— G. W., Redlands Gardens, Emsworth, Hants. U OR EM AN; age 25.— Mr. C. J. Salter X can strongly recommend A. H. Nicholls. Ten years" experieuce in Plant and Fruit Growing.— The Gardens, Wood- hatch Lodge, Reigate. FOREMAN, in Private establishment — Age 28; fourteen years' practicil experience. Two years' as Foreman previuusly. Excellent testimonials. — FOREMAN, 2, Clarence Cottages, Milton Road, Hampton, Middlesex. FOREMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out. — Age 27 ; lour years as Foreman ; twelve years' good expe- rience, Inside and Out. Good relerences.— WALTER MORRIS, Clyro, Hay, Brecon&hire. FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, or GRCA\ ER. — Age 33, married ; well up in Grapes, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Mushrooms, Strawberries, and the general Pot and Cut M irket Stuff. Disengaged when suited. Good character. Life-time in the Trade.— F. ARCHER, 14, Stamford Terrace, Stoke Newingtou, N. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— Age 26; ten years' trade experience— Soft-wcoded Market Stuff, Ferns, Palmp, Cut Flowers, Sec; Wreaths, Bouquets, and floral arrangements. — ALCOCK, To, Derby Road, Nottingham. To Nurserymen. GROWER of Soft-wooded Plants, Roses, and Cut Blooms, near London. — Age 23. Nine years' expe- rience.—G. SELLEN, 4, Station Road, Swanley Junction, Kent. JOURNEYMAN. — Age 20; three years' experience in Greenhouses. Good character.— J. DALE, 51, Lacey Street, Ipswich. To Nurserymen. JOURNEYMAN, in good establishment to take charge of Plant and Fruit Houses. — For particulars, please apply, WARREN. Frog's Island Post Office, Leicester. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— The Head Gardener, Ettington Park. Stratford-on-Avon (Mr. W. Haylock). desires to recommend a young man as above. JOURNEYMAN (First).— Age 22 ; five years' experience, with good character.— W. QRAYSMiRK, Verdley Place, Haslemere, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 23; accustomed to tJ growing Ferns, Palms, and General Stuff for Market or Private Use. Eight years' experience.— C. S.. Gvdcners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; four jears' experience. Good chaiacter.— H. BATES, The Gardens, BeoiDgbrough Hal], York. JOURNEYMAN.— Inside, or Inside and Out, by an energetic young man (age 23j. with live yearV experience and reference. — MANSBRIDGE, 2, Penfold Cottages, Lion Street, Bexley Heath, S.E. TO GARDENERS. — Mr. Lyddiard, Head Gardener, Kidbrooke Lodge, Blackheath, will be pleased to recommend a man for Kitchen Garden or Pleasure Grounds. Age i9. married. TO GARDENERS.— Second or Third, in good Warden. Good experience. First-class references. Bothy preferred.— W. H. WATSON. South Elkington. Louth. TO GARDENERS, &c. — Lad. nearly IT, strong and willing, desires a situation in a Garden or Nursery, Inside or Out. No experience.— E. A., Mr. Staines, Riogwould, rear Dover. TO GARDENERS. -Situation wanted by a Gardener's son, Inside or Inside and Out; age 19; two yeirs' good character. Total abstainer; leaving through a death. -H. GARDNER, Ropley. Alresford, Hants. PAINTER, GLAZIER, &c, wants Employ- ment.— Handy at Repairs; used to \ursery and Gar- deners' Glasshouses. Any district. Small job undertaken. —GREEN, 3. Sunnyside, Birkbeek Road, Sidcup, Kent. TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, by a young Man (age 22). total abstainer, a situation in a Market Nursery, next to Foreman. Understands his Work. Good character and references. — Apply, stating wages, &c, to A. B., 5, Russell Read, Lea Bridge Road, Leyton, Eases. COLLECTOR of RENTS in the Country.— Age 33 years; fourteen years' character. Highest re- ferences; security if necessary.— X. O., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TWINE SWEET CLUSTERS of ORANGE BLOSSOMS into a fitting garland for the Bride of our Sailor Prince, and pray that she may be endowed with hnalth and happiness. These are twin blessings, for one cannot be enjoyed without the other, and many a loyal English heart will pray during the ensuing week that they may be showered upon the Royal couple. Thinking in this strain reminds us that Holloway's Pills and Ointment have done more in eradi- cating disease throughout the world than any other medicine. During the sultry, depressing weather, common at this season, they are invaluable, as they speedily cure Diarrhoea, Dysentery, and all disorders of the Stomach and Liver. They may be obtained from all Chemists and Medicine Vendors. 52 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 8. 1S93. FOSTER & PEARSON, Lmtd.,2i«I™- BEESTON, NOTTS. vww>wv>v»»»WM>>w>>>>w>w>>>mi)/w/>w»>i» THESE FRAMES SHOULD BE IN EVERY GARDEN. IMPROVED SPAN FRAMES. The Lights are held open for Ventilation or Watering without props, and can readily be removed if neoessary. Top Ventilation by Lantern. PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS. HUNDREDS SOLD. ESTIMATES FOR Vineries, Orchid Houses, Peach Cases, Plant Houses, Frames, &c, ON APPLICATION. ONLY THOROUGHLY SEASONED TIMBER and BEST WORKMANSHIP EMPLOYED, thus Ensuring DURABILITY & REAL ECONOMY. -WSm 21oi. it>4 l?ot FOREIGN, of above sties, in bores of 100 feci i, 100 feet super* A lowest pr-tceft -16 18«14 SO ENGLISH lilwj, cut to truyeVs' sties delivered free, e Jaun d in tb.e country lAv^^A^RD\/LI^G WCON/SE ate? ES ;if Rfiiw quantity. GTi00. Apply to Messrs. HARMAN BROS., 75. Aldermanbury, Guildhall. E.C. NURSERY for SALE, or to be LET, near Blackheath. S.E., in working order. Land, 442 feet by 150 feet (more or less), at low ground rent. Contains seven Glass Houses, about 100 feet to 123 feet long, heated by three Boilers; three Cold Frames, about 100 feet long; Planting Ground. &c. Stock at valuation, if desired. — Apply to THOMAS PEACOCK, Warwick Square, London, E.C. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul- tural Market Gardek and Estate Auctioneers and VALUERS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. and at Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. Orchids. NEW IMPORTATION of BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS, just anived, in splendid condition (eight cases ex Orellana S.S.). Also, New Importation from Borneo. Full particulars post-free on application. Inspection cordially invited. Apply to A. H. GR1M3DITCH, Orchid Importer, 5, Clayton Square, Liverpool. Depot and Residence, 17. Dryden Road, Edge Lane, Liverpool. Sole Agent for Carlos Travassos, Rio de Janeiro. TTOR SALE, Twelve Pots of EUCHAKIS J. AMAZONICA ; Flowering Bulbs, 4 to 7 in each ; selling for want of room ; no reasonable offer refused. DANN, The Gardens, Rother Hill. Midhurst. CARNATIONS PROM SEED.— Seed of my J own saving and hybridising, producing 75 per cent, of Double Flowers, equal to the finest-named sorts, but with greater vigour of growth and abundance of flowers. 25 seeds, 1*. ; 100 seeds, 3s. ; DUO seeds. 12s. 6 The Favourite Iceland Poppies. PAPAVER MINIATUM I PRIMROSE. Choice Hybrids. POLYANTHUS. Choice Mixed and Gold-laced. PANSIES, Choice Show and Fancy Strains. Per packet, Gd., Is., & Is. 6d,, post-free, or in larger quantities. By making sowings of above now, beautiful displays may be obtained next spring. For all other Flower and Vegetable Seeds see CATALOGUE, sent postrfree, on application. DiCKSOfcScCrlESTER (LIMITED) EXHIBITIONS. TRENTHAMand HANFORD HORTICUL- TURAL SOCIETY will hold their SIXTH ANNUAL SHOW, in Trentham Gardens, JULY 20, 1893. Prize* to the amount of £350 will be given. Group of Plants, 1st, £30 10s ; 2nd, £20; 3-d, £13; 4th, £9. 49 Roses. 1st. £ 12 6s. ; ind. £0; 3rd. £1. 36 Roses, 1st. £5 and National Society Gold M«<*al ; 2nd, £3; 3rd. £.'. Collection of Fruit (0 dishes), 1st. £ 0; 2nd, £i ; 3rd, £i. 4 bunches of Grapes, 1st, £5 ; 2nd, £3 ; 3rd, £2. Schedules on application to— JOHN TAYLOR, Hon. Sec, Trentham. CALTERHEBBLE and DISTRICT (HALI- O FAX) ROSE SHOW.— THURSDAY, July 27. Schedules on application to the Secretary — TMr. v B11/,n,., I. Savile 1'ark Street. Halifax. 'TN0' E' BK"°KS, "VTORTHAMPTONSHIRE HORTICULTU- jLl RAL SOCIETY'S GREAT SUMMER SHOW.— Delapre Park, Northampton, August 7 and 8. £250 IN PRIZES. For Best Twelve Plauts, £15, £10, £5. £2 10s. Central Group for Conservatory Decoration. £9, £6. £2 10s. Collection of Fruit (eight varieties). £5, £3. £1 10s. Twenty-four Roses, £2, £1 10s., £1. Collection of Vegetables (twelve varieties), selected. £3. £3, £1. Entries close July 28. Schedules and full particulars from- Northampton. July 1, 1893. W. B. TROUP, Secretary. LEEDS PAXTON SOCIETY'S CHRYS- ANTHEMUM SHOW. TOWN HALL, LEEDS, TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, November 7 and 8. 1893. For Entry Forms and Schedules apply to the Hon. Secreta- y , W. HOLBROOK, St. Ann's Villas, Headingley, Leeds. FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow Them, apply to SANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World. — 30 minutes from St. Pancras. BULBS — BULBS. — Bargains in Bulbs. — Special Cheap Offer for really good large Flowering Bulbs :— Pancratiuma, all best sorts, grand bulbs, ready to burst into flower — P. fragrans, P. caribacuni, P. amcenum, P. zeylanicum grandiflora. some bulbs 12- inches round, 18». to 40s. per 100; 2s, 6d, to 6s. per dozen. Glorio-a superba, just imported, i5s. per 100, 4s. per dozen. Crinum Kirkii, very large plump bulbs. 50s. per 100, 8s per dozen ; C. zeylanicum, and C. asiaticum, large white flower, 5s. to 8s. per dozen : extra large, 2''-inch bulbs. 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6d. each. Ammocharis falcata, splendid bulbs, make fine Pot Plants, 3s. each. Zamias, for Table Plants, is. each. Amorphophallus campanulas*. or Stanley's Wash-Tub, flowers 2£ feet a< ross, 6s. per dozen. Is. each. Babianas, in ten sorts, )2s. per 100. Ixia?, in sorts, 10s. per 100. Freesia ref. alba, true. 18s. to Ms. per 1000. Above is Cheapest Offer ever made for first- class Bulbs, Terms, Cash with Order. All Bulbs warranted sound and freshly imported, or money returned. J. JAMES, Importer, New Maiden, Surrey. To the Trade. TMPORTANT NOTICE.— When you are in JL London, it will be well worth your time to pay a visit to Albert Nurseries, Pecbham Rye, S.E. ; or Fleet, Hants. You can make your notes, and have a business look round, combined with an outing ; you will not be worried to order. E. D. SHUTTLEWORTH AND CO., LTD. Awarded Silver-gilt Flora Medal by the Royal Horticultural Society ; also Gold, Silver-gilt, Silver, and Bronze Medals, Prizes, and Certificates at other First-class Shows. Our specialty — really good stuff grown for the Trade. A LL GOODS DELIVERED FREE .tJL on board, London, Antwerp, Rotterdam. £ s. d. LILIUM HARRISII, 5— 7 in. circ, per 1000 bulbs . 6 S 0 7— 9 in 11 10 0 „ „ 9—11 in. „ „ „ ... 22 10 0 „ AURATUM, 7— 9 in. „ „ 8 7 6 9-11 in 11 10 0 TUBEROSES, Pearl, select 4— 6J in. „ 1 10 0 ,, ,, seconds, 3 — 4 in. ,, ,, ... 1 2 G Prices for GLADIOLUS, &c, on application. F. W. O. SCHMITZ AND CO., Jersey City, N.J., U.S.A. C AA AAA LILY OF THE VALLEY PIPS. • )\J VJ *f l'l/v Capable of blooming. Grown on the very best soil. ForSalein the Autumn, 1893. Price 23 marks per 1000 for cash, or 4 months' credit against first-class references. My Lily of the V»lley cultivation is the largest at this place, and this year they are in superior condition, as I possess the best and most tuitable soil. Upon receipt of order. I will forward in October, a sample parcel, at 3 marks per 100. Cash on delivery. Intending buyers are requested to communicate at once with — FRANZ GOETZE, Berlin, 0., vor dem Stralauer Thore, 37. (Special Cultivation of Lily of the Valley Pips and Bulb*). BULBS. — Our speoial offer of Daffodils, and other Bulbs for early planting, is now ready. Lilium candidum, 10s. and 12s. per 100 ; Lilium Harrisii, 5s. to 10s. dd. per dozen ; Roman Hyacinths, 12s. Qd. and 16s. per 100, very scarce; Narcissus (paper-white), 5s. per 100; Narcissus Double Roman, 6s. per 100; Gladiolus Colvilli (The Bride), lovely for cutting. 2s. 6d per 100 ; Iris hispanica (the poor man's Orchid), finest mixed, Is. 6d. per 100. Every article the best procurable. J. R. PEARSON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts. FERNS I FERNS ! !— Trade.— Greenhouse and Stove, 25 saleable sorts, in 2£-in. pots, 12*. per 100; 10 best market sorts, in 48's, 6s. per doz. ; stores, 6s. per 100. Large Adiantum cuneatum, value in fronds, Cs. and 8s. per doz. Cyperua, Aralias. Grevilleaa, in 48's, good value, 6s. per dozen. Palms. Ficus,& Dracaenas, Is. each. Hydrangeas, Pelargoniums, Marguerites, 9d. each; in 48's, Is. each. P. tremula and A. cuneatum, for making large plants quickly, 16s. and 20s. per 100, well packed, puton rail free for cash with order. — J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries, Loughboro' Junction, London, S.W. July 15, 1893.] THE GABDENEPS' CHRONICLE. 55 NEW & VALUABLE STRAWBERRIES Messrs. JAMES VEITCH & SONS Are now booking Orders for the following magnificent kinds : EMPRESS OF INDIA — GUNTON PARK-LORD SUFFIELD, Raised by Mr. William Allan, gardener to the Eight Hon. Lord Suflield, and known as the GUNTON PARK STRAWBERRIES. ALL have received First-class Certificates from the Royal Horticultural Society ; also the Highest Awards at Edinburgh, Wolverhampton, Earl's Court, and Norwich. Price, 42s. per 100, 6b. per dozen. In small pots, 603. per 100. 9s. per dozen. "LORD SUFFIELD is a decidedly distinct variety, very sweet in flavour, the flesh firm and highly-coloured. The plant exhibited, to show its bearing-qualities and habit, left nothing to be desired. The fruit of GUNTON PARK shown was very fine, having borne the journey well. The plant sent showed this to bs an excellent late variety, of robust growth, and an immense bearer. EMPAE3S OF INDIA is the result of a cross between British Queen and Countess, possessing all the good qualities of both parents. Very useful for forcing." — The Gardtn, "The Strawberries travelled the long distance between Gunton and here (Kingston) admirably, turning out at bright and fre*h as if just gathered. EMPRESS OF I&DIA his much of the old Pine flavour— the flesh is eoft and smooth, and of a beautiful scarlet; a high-class dessert Strawberry. LORD SUFFIELD has firm flesh, of a rich crimson hue, and a delicious vinous flavour, GUNTON" PARK is a large, somewhat Cockscomb- shape fruit, of a deep blood-crimson ; flesh very firm, and of striking flavour. This, being a great croppe-, should make a fine market variety." — A. Dean, in Journzl of Horticulture. " I fully agree with Mr. Dein in his estimate of these Strawberries. They travel well, and are in colour, shape, and flavour excellent. They ars worthy of a trial in large and small gardens." — /-An Andrews, Hon. Sec. to the Woodbridge Horticultural Socie'y, in Journal of Horticulture. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. FOR SALE, through want of room, Specimen PALMS, DRAC^NAS, SHRUBS, YUCCAS, CAMELLIAS. Standard BAYS, and large FERNS, all established in pots and tubs.— STROUD BROS., 183, Green Lanes, Finsbury Park, N. , FIELDER'S WHITE AZA.LEA. — Strong stuff, in 49's, 12s. per dozen. ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, in 2t's an"! 48's, cheap to clear. JOHNSON and CO., The Nurwies, Hampton. PALMS, FERNS, &o.— FERNS in Variety.— ARALIAS and CYPERUS NATALENSIS in 48's, 6j. per dozen; L4R1E A. CUNEATUM in 4S's, Bs. and 7l. per dozen ; PALMS in variety, and FICUS in 4x's, !2.t. per dozen; PaLVH. fine stuff, in large 60's. Sj. per dozen; FERNS and CYPERUS, in 2j inch pots. 12s. per 100. Almost any kind of Plants in season supplied at lowest possible prices. Well packed in or out of pots. Free on rail. Cash with order. LANE AND MARTIN, 227. Briiton Road. London. S.W. STRAWBERRIES. — All the best varieties for Fore Dg, including Noble, Vicomtesse. J. Ruskin, La Grosse Sucre-*, Auguste Nicaiee, President, British Queen, and the new ROYAL SOVEREIGN (First-class Certificates. Royal Horticultural Society and Earl's Court), are now being layered in small pots for Forcing, at reasonable prices, and early orders are solicited to secure good plants. Preliminary P/iced LIST lor 1893-4 of all the best new and standard sorts now ready. ITHOMAS LAXTON, Seed and Novelty Grower. Bedford. Special Trade Offer. EARLY ROMAN H Y ACINTHS, well- matured and good flowering Bulbs, 56s., 6Ss., 76s. per 1000. all extra fine. LOTUS ALBITS, Paper-white Nan-iss, lis. per 1000. LILIUM CANDIDUM, 45s. per 1000. No better Bulbs enn be purchased in the Trade. For other French Rulb*. special prices on application. WILLIAM KNIGHT, 69, High Street. Dudley. FOR SALE, BARKED NETTING, mesh § inch square, to keep Birds from any kind of Fruit or Garden Produce, or Seeds. For prke per acre, fathom, or yard, apply to— S. E. MARTYN. Trevemper, Newquay, Cornwall. GARDENS INCOMPLETE THE "STOTT" PATENT DISTRIBUTOR, IMPROVED GARDEN ENGINES, PATENT SYRINGE, LAWN SPRINKLER, PATENT SPRAYER. THE BEST INSECTICIDE :— KILLMRIGHT. THE BEST FERTILIZER;— FEE D M R I G H T, FKOM SEEDSMEN, NURSERYMEN, AND THE " STOTT " DISTRIBUTOR CO., Ltd., MANCHESTER. CBEESON'S MANURE, composed of blood • and tone. Toe best Fertiliser for all purposes. Sold in tins, Is., 2s. 6 men to be the Best Qualityobtaiuable I in the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Priee free on Rail or Canal. -All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. All kinds of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bag sent on application to GEO. GARSIDE, Jun., F.R.H.S., Leighton Buzzard, Beds HOS. W. ROBINSON, Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge. EXPANSION JOINT HOT-WATER PIPES SOCKET HOT-WATER PIPES. Illustrated revised Price List on application, free. 56 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jolt IS, 1893. FERNS a SPECIALITY. A magoiflcent stock of all kinds of Ferns. Abridged Catalogue of 1400 varieties free on application. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF FERNS (No. 22), the most beautiful and complete ever published, 2s., post- free. It contains 150 illustrations, and an immense amount of interesting and instructive matter of great value to all Fern cultivators. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, f.r.h.s. FERN N UK SERIES, SALE, near MANCHESTER. NOTHING NOTHING is too small. is too much trouble. The Tbadk Supplied. D. SHUTTLEWORTH # CO., Ltd., {Albert Nurseries) PECKHAM RYE, LONDON, 8.E., and FLEET, HANTS. DANIELS' DEFIANCE. The Finest Variety of Cibbage in Cultivation. It is early, short-legged, and compact, grows rapidly to the weight of 10 to 15 lb., and is of the most delicious Marrow flavour. Should be in every Garden. Sow now. Seed, our true stock, with cultural directions, per ounce. Is. 6d., post free, DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers and Nurserymen, Norwich. DANIELS' GOLDEN ROCCA ONION. The most superb variety in cultivation ; of fine globular form, with golden yellow Bkin; often grows to the weight of 2 to 3 lh. each, and of a mild, delicate flavour. SpIendU for exhibition. Sow now. Seed, with cultural directions, per ounce, 2s., post-free. DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers and Nurserymen, Norwich. EARLY WHITE ROMAN HYACINTHS, Early Snowflake and Paper-white Narcissus. JAMES VEITCH & SONS BEG TO ANNOUNCE THE ARRIVAL, IN EXCEPTIONALLY FINE CONDITION, OF THE ABOVE VALUABLE BULBS FOR EARLY FORGING, And will be pleased to receive Orders for Immediate Delivery. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. MERRYWEATHERS7 HIGH-CLASS GARDEN HOSE. Horticultural Exhibition, 1892. GOLD MEDAL AWARDED TO MERRY WEATHERS tor Sphinctkb Grip Hose. Other Makers awarded Bronze Medal only. Important Reduction In Prices, Quality maintained. SPHINCTER GRIP Armoured Hose. Made by Merryweathers, the original Introducers and fixet makers of this Hose in England. NON-KINKABLE Red-Grey Hose. In many cases preferable to Sphincter Grip Hose. ORDERS EXECUTED SAME DAY AS RECEIVED. WRITE FOR PRICE LISTS FROM THE OLD ESTABLISHED FIRM. MERRY WEATHER AND SONS continue to guarantee all their High-claw Garden Hoses to pass the severe British Government Tests. The ends of the Rubber Hoses arc sealed, thus preventing the water percolating between the canvas plies, and destroying same. IMPORTANT DECISIONS Re SPHINCTER GRIP HOSE, IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. Judgment in favour of Mbbbywhathbrs, with costs in all actions. FIRE and GARDEN ENGINES, FOUNTAINS, SYRINGES, &o. WRITE FOR GARDEN CATALOGUE. MERRYWEATHERS, 63, LONG ACRE, LONDON, w.c. HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING!!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. Have the largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to seleot from, and invite inspection of same. BOILERS of the latest and most approved class, including the Patent HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY-END, &c. ; VENTILATING GEAR AND VALVES. AWARDED THE ONLY COLD MEDAL & INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION, 1892, te HOT-WATER APPLIANCES. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. PRICE LIST FREE. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E. Telegraphic Address—" HOT- WATER, London." Telephone No. 4763. July 15, 1893] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 57 WEBBS' w. EMPEROR CABBAGE. THE EARLIEST AND BEST. 6cl. and Is. per packet, IS. 6d. per ounce. From Mr. R. LTE. Gardener to W. H. Kingsmill, Erq., Si/iDontnn Court — " I have grown a great many varieties of Cabbage, but I consider Webbs' i-mperor the best of them all— in fact, I do not think there is ancther variety in cultivation to equal it. I p'anted out a bed of 850 plants last autumn, ana not one went to seed, but all turned out splendidly." Per ouncn. EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE 6d. ENFIELD MARKET 6d EARLY RAINHAM 9d. RED DUTCH 9d. ONION. WEB1IS' RED GLOBE TRIPOLI LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI GIANT ROCCA WHITE LISBON Per pkt. Per ounce. ... 6d. is. 6d. ... 6d. ... 9d. ... 6d. ... 10d. 6d. All Garden Seeds Free by Post or Rail. Seedsmin by Tt^yal Warrants to H.M. the tyieen and H.li H. the Prince of Wa'es, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. CYPRIPEDItTM CURTISII, CYPRIPEDIUM ELLIOTTIANTJM, CYPBIPEDIUM HOOKER-ffi, cypripedium: lawrenceanum. Grand Importations of the above just received. Inspection Invited. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N.E. GEORCE ASHENDEN & SONS Beg to offer the undermentioned GERANIUMS, &c, all of which are healthy stuff, and cannot fail to give satisfaction : — Per 100. GERANIUMS. From 2jj in. pots 3£-in. pots Queen of the Belgians 12s. Orf. 16j. Od. Madame Vaucher, gocd white 10 0 .. 14 l) White Vesuvius, fine white 10 0 .. 14 0 Candidissima alba plena, finest eemi- double white 12 0 .. 16 0 Vesuvius 10 0 .. 14 0 West Brighton Gem 10 0 .. 14 0 Henry .Tacoby la 0 .. 16 0 F. V. Raspail ij 0 .. 16 0 Master Christine, pink 10 0 .. 14 0 Jubilee, fine pii k 10 0 .. 14 0 Lord Cecil, finest new Pink, splendid large flower lit 0 .. 16 0 Madame Thibaut, finest pink for bedding 10 0 .. 14 0 Surprise, salmon 12 0 .. 16 0 Flower of Spring, fine silver leaf HI 0 .. 14 0 Mrs. Parker, ditto 10 0 ... 14 0 Princess Alexandra, finest silver leaf 12 0 — Crystal Palace Gem, best gold leaf 10 0 ... 14 0 Maiechal MacMahon, bronze lrt 0 — Black DouglaB, ditto ia 0 — Zulu, ditto 16 0 — Golden Harry Hieover, fine ditto 16 0 — Lady Cullum. finest Tricolor 10 0 — Sophie Pumaresque, ditto ... 18 0 — Mrs. Pollock, ditto 16 0 — Empress of India, ditto 16 0 — Ivy-leaf Geraniums, in variety, fine stuff 16 0 — n ■■ Madame Crousse, best for window boxes 16 0 — LOBELTAS, Fmreror Will-am, &c, fine stuff, 3l. 6d. per 100. .. Snowball, finest white, 4*. per 100. IRESINE. Lindenii and Herbertii, 6s. per 100. ALTERNANTHERA, Magnifica amcena and Paronychyoides major aurea, 6s. per 100. HELIOTROPES, in variety, 6s. per 100. AGERATUMS, The Zoo and Imperial Dwarf, fine stuff, 6s. per 100. VERBENAS, mixed colours, fine stuff, 8s. per 100. FUCHSIAS, in fine variety, grand Btuff, 7s. per 100. ,, from 4-inch pots, fine stuff, 14s. per HO. PETUNIAS, single, a very superb strain, fine stuff, 8s. per 100. TROP.T50LUM, Vesuvius, fine for bedding, bright scarlet, from 3^-inch pots, 14s. per 100. Terms :— Boxes and packing free, for cash with order. THE NURSERIES, Wrotham Road, gravesend. Buudingjjeason. WM. PAUL & SON Respectfully solicit orders for the following first-class NEW ROSES, their introductions of 1803 and 1892, plants of which can now be supplied in pots : — CORINNA (Tea-scented).— First Prize as the best Seedling Rose at International Horticultural Exhi- bition, 1892; several First-class Certificates; rosy flesh suffused with tawny copper; distinct and excellent. 10s. Qd, each. PRINCESS MAT (Hybrid Tea).— Award of Merit R.H.S , Certificate of Merit International Horticul- tural Exhibition ; clear soft cpaque pink ; an excellent pot Rose, extra tiae foliage. 10s. 6rf. eacb. SPENSER (H.P.). — Three First-class Certifi- cates; fine eatin pink, magnificent and effective. 3s. 6 VunanimiU), to M. Jules Hye — a very fine variety with more than a hundred flowers. A Cement House.— We have just seen at MM. Desmet Frehes, at Ledeberg, Ghent, a house built entirely in cement — walls, framework, and sashes all cement, and the only other materials used are glass and lead, the latter to hold the panes. The walls are double, and there is a space between them which can be filled with sawdust. The buildirjg was erected by M. Picha, who has constructed capital cement water-tanks for various Belgian horticul- turists. And what is the advantage of this innovation ? How will the building answer in winter? This the future will tell us, and we will report to the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle. Ch. de B. Hereford Rose Show.— The twenty-seventh annual exhibition, under the auspices of the Hereford and West of England Rose Society, took place in the Castle Green at Hereford on Wednesday, July 5. The show, like all others this year, says the Bir- mingham Daily Post, was much smaller than usual, but, nevertheless, considering the season, it was on the whole a very creditable display. Several of the chief prizes went to the North, many of the best known local growers, on account of the drought, having to be contented with 2ad and 3rd places. In the nurserymen's division, Messrs. Harkness & Son carried off the palm for a splendid box of seventy- two blooms; and in the class for thirty- six, Messrs. Mack & Son secured premier honours. The Gold Medal, offered by the National Rose Society for eighteen blooms, was carried off by a local exhibitor, Mr. John Ough ; and the Silver Medals fell to Mr. A. Whitton, Sir G. George Cornewall, and Mr. Drew. The other prize-takers included the English Fruit and Rose Company, Rev. M. Marshall, Mr. C. Whi- ting, Mr. C. Jones, Miss Bulmer, Mrs. Woodhouse, Mr. J. Rankin, MP., Messrs. Merryweather, Mrs. Davenport, Mrs. Watkins, Rev. A. C. Lee, Mrs. Blasbill, Mies Stanhope, Miss Barneby, and Miss E. Crichton. At the luncheon the Mayor of Hereford (Mr. J. R. Symonds; presided. Kingston, Richmond, and District Gar- deners' OUTING. -On Wednesday, the 5th inst., about thirty members of the Richmond and District Horticultural Society visited Messrs. Sutton's es- tablishment, nurseries and trial grounds, at Reading. A most interesting morning was spent, the Gloxinias and Begonias being greatly admired. In the after- noon a cricket match had been arranged with the 68 THE GABDENEBS' CHB0N1GLE. [July 15, 1893. Society's C. C. and the first eleven of Sutton's C. C. A pleasant game was enjoyed, in which the latter club were victorious. EXCURSION. — The employe! of Messrs. Laihd & Sinclair, Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Dundee, Monifieth, and Monikie, held their annual pic-nic on Wednesday, July 5, the place chosen being Auch- mithie. The party drove in brakes by way of Arbroath, Auchmithie being reached after a pleasant drive. PRESENTATION.— In the Crown Hotel, Dundee, on Monday, July 10, Mr. Inglis, cashier to Messrs. Laied & Sinclair, Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Dundee and Monifieth, was presented on the occasion of his marriage, by his fellow-workers with a silver dessert- stand. Home Correspondence. PEAR BEURRE giffard, ETC. — Many years ago I planted this fine Pear on a south wall to come in just before the Jargonelle, and very acceptable its fine handsome, juicy fruits always are, generally ripening the first or second week in August; but, to my great surprise. I gathered the first ripe fruit this year on July 4. Hitherto, DoyennS d'Ete, foremost of the flock, and several others came in before it, but this year, a tropical sun, and only 1 inch of rain for one hundred days, have altered the whole course of things, and I was enabled to gather Waterloo Peach on the wall at the same time and place as the Pear. The Black Currant Champion has behaved splendidly, and produced fine large full-flavoured fruit this season. J. Rust, Eridge Castle. DOG AND CAMPANULA. — In my garden I have a large number of plants of Campanula rapunculoides, and one of my dogs, an old fox-terrier, has a taste for eating them. The dog does not confine itself to the leaves, but pulls the plants out, and eats stems, leaves, buds, and flowers, with gusto. Le Maout and Decaisne in their Descriptive Botany, say that many species of Campanula are considered to cure hydro- phobia in Russia. Possibly this curious belief has arisen from the fact that Russian dogs have been seen to eat Campanulas, but I have never myself noticed it in any other dog than my fox-terrier. The dog eats the plants when in perfect health. W. G. S., Dunstable. OLD PEACH TREES AT ABERCAIRNY. — Your correspondents, pp. 722 and 749 in previous volume, afforded interesting information regarding the age of some Peach trees. I am able to supply further information concerning the age to which the Peach will attain. At this place is one of the first, if not the first, orchard-house erected in the country (in 1807). Two large houses, 17 feet high at the back, form the middle portion of a range of fruit-houses, and one of these has been used as an orchard-house since 1808, Peach trees being planted as standards in front of the pathway. When I took charge of the gardens, forty years ago, three of the original trees were then growing in this house. An Early Anne failed twenty vears ago, and was followed eighteen years later by a Red Magdalene Peach. The remaining tree, a Red Magdalene, is showing signs this season of failing vigour. All these long years, these trees have borne regularly and heavily, and the fruits have many a time graced an exhibition table. Although the house has been rebuilt, the only remaining tree grows where it was first planted, and up to the present season I have observed no dif- ference in its appearance. I may mention that the original trees were planted by Mr. Mcintosh, father of Mr. C. Mcintosh, author of The Book of the Garden, &c, both father and son having been head gardeners at Abercairny. James Brown, Abercairny, Crieff, Perthshire. THE VICTORIA regia.— Has " W. W." never been to Chatsworth ? or has he never read of the famous Victoria Regia-house there, where the plant has been successfully grown annually for upwards of fifty years ? To Chatsworth also belongs the honour of first flowering this noble plant, somewhere, I think, about 1840. This first flower was sent by Mr. J. Paxton to the Queen, and it was then that the genus received its title of Victoria. 0. Thomas, The Royal Gardens. As one who had charge daily of a well- known " Victoria-house " for years, I venture to say that some portions of the description of the plant given by *' W. W.," p. 31, are incorrect, as for example, when he states that to protect the upper surface of the leaf, "the margin is turned up all round, forming a rim several inches high, the out- side of which presents a spine-clothed barrier to any animals which might otherwise land on the leaf." I believe all growers of the Victoria will bear me out when I state that the edges of the leaves are turned up only while they are young and growing, and unfolding. When they cease to expand, the edges roll out and lie perfectly fiat on the water. As to the perforations of the leaf, I never saw any not caused by accident or decay of spots ; but, I never looked with a microscope. I have spilled gallons of water on the leaves to swill dust and objects from off them, and it soon ran off at the flat edges, and evaporation did the rest. I doubt also if the stalk elongates " long after the blade has matured." I have floated a little girl over the tank stood on a board on a leaf over 6 feet in diameter ; but, a family of three would have been wrecked. Vic. LUISIA. — We read with surprise the article con- cerning Luisia Amesiana in the Gardeners' Chronicle for July 8, in which it is stated to have just flowered for the first time in England. This variety was introduced by us some two or three years since, and was named by us in honour of Mr. F. L. Ames, and the same season we bloomed two, if not three, plants. Hugh Low § Co. THE DECORATIONS AT BUCKINGHAM PALACE. — An error has crept into your description of the floral decorations at Buckingham Palace, on the occasion of the recent royal marriage, at p. 39 of your last week's issue, where you state that the whole of same were entrusted to Messrs. Wills & Segar, of Onslow Crescent. We are florists to the Queen by Royal Warrant, and have supplied floral decorations and bouquets at all the State concerts and balls, &c, which have taken place at Bucking- ham Palace since 1869. We are the successors to the old firms of royal florists, Messrs. Little, Tuck, and Catleugh, all of Chelsea (but now extinct), and for some years past the floral decorations there have been equally divided. Thus, this morning we have supplied a large number of fine Palms and decorative plants, together with a number of bouquets for the State ball ; whereas onr portion for the royal wedding on Thursday last was all the floral work in connec- tion with the grand staircase, the Marble Hall, the Round Library, and the choice vase- plants for the royal tables. J. W. Wimsett # -Sons, July 11. [We regret we were not informed on this point. Ed ] SUMMER- PRUNING. — The question in dispute, may be stated in a nutshell, thus : — Does or does not summer-pruning augment or accelerate fertility? So far as a body of testimony that has been accumu- lating in volume and force for at least a quarter of a century can establish anything, the bene- fits of summer-pruning are beyond dispute. The case in favour of summer-pruning is altogether too strong to be affected by a few isolated cases on the other side, which the moist zealous summer- pruner has never doubted the existence of, or denied. In fact, summer-pruners, whatever their methods or their views about surplus, or gourmand, or relay shoots, are perfectly familiar with unpincbed forms of growth fruitful from base to summit, and I will give your correspondents a free run as to their length. As you truly remark in your Leader for June 3, p. 662 (in which you do scant justice to the early history and practice of summer-pruning, and the genius of its founder, the late Mr. Thos. Rivers, my first teacher in the art), we got fine crops before the days of orchard- houses and the dwarfing of stocks, and, I would add, summer-pruning. No doubt, give Nature a free head, time, space ad libitum, controlled by skill, she will by some means, and at some time, reach her final goal — fertility. Those who can wait are welcome to extend their trees, and build fruit-rooms for their future produce at their leisure, for we gladly admit that on an un- pinched tree the ratio of bud-production increases every year, but does it not also do likewise on pinched or summer-pruned trees, though we also admit that at an early age the unpinched will completely outstrip the pinched tree in the ratio of mere buds, that is, chiefly wood-bud production. This is, in fact, a mere mechanical truism. Leave a tree intact, it will have more buds than another tree a part of which has been suppressed or cut away, inasmuch as the whole must needs be greater than a part. But the vital question in dispute is, will the pinched or summer-pruned trees have more fruit-buds in a given area than the unpruned ones? And this question cannot be settled through plussing the power of bud production with the area of the trees. Were this once admitted, then the matter might be formally stated and settled thus : the larger the fruit tree, and the further and faster it grows the more fruit, and vice versa. Are " Extension," " E. M.," and others prepared to go so far ? If so, it would simplify matters much, and if not, why should they run their heads against summer-pruning? The two systems are not neces- sarily antagonistic, and why then waste time and force in pitting one against the other, as if this one were always and everywhere absolutely right, and the other wrong ! To read some writers, one might imagine that gardens and orchards were suffering from a plethora of treatment, or heroic surgical opera- tions, covering all the ground, and giving the trees a restless time of it, between rival methods of culture and treatment. Hence, apparently, some corre- spondents cannot briefly and clearly describe their own methods without falling foul of those of others. In reality, our fruit trees are suffering grievous loss, or perishing from sheer neglect. The lack of any and all treatment — inertia — reigns supreme over dirt, over-crowding, and eemi-starva- tion. The first difficulty is to get something done. And besides this unwisdom of horticultural doctors, airing their differences so widely before their patients, there is work enough for all our energies in the planting of new fruit-gardens and orchards, and the resuscitation of old ones. If " E. M.," " Extension," and others are so sure that their systems are best, let them by all means preach and practice them to the top of their bent. Their systems are doubtless infinitely preferable to the lack of all systems, which 80 generally prevail, under which so many of our fine old orchards are languishing and dying [old age ? Ed]. But it is moat desirable on the grounds of husbanding our cultural and literary force, that in illustrating our own views, we should not misrepresent nor carica- ture the practice or theories of others. Cultivators are many-sided — I had almost said many-eyed. And many surely see the merits of summer- pruning with- out being blind to those of extension. On the other hand, an " extension " grower may lay in long rods without being blind to the merits of hard-pruning. Until cultivators recognise the full force of local environment, and Nature's modes of culture, life, and its products, it will be impossible to pronounce ex cathedra in advance what treatment may prove most profitable. Not that I believe in summer-pruning the less — but in all other reasonable methods the more that they fit in with local conditions of soil, climate, and products. As, however, recent events seem to have revealed considerable misapprehension as to summer-pruning and pinching, I will embrace an early opportunity of recapitulating its merits, prin- ciples, and results, as practised amongst us in this year of drought, 1893. D. T. Fish. Considering the very slight prompting that induced Mr. Fish to pen a column or more on this subject on June 3, 1 am probably correct in attributing his subsequent silence to the fact that he has been spending the interval hunting for examples of his pinching system "rooted in science and embodied in practice," to match the examples sent you by " E. M." and myself. If this surmise be correct, you are not likely to hear from him for a considerable period, and meanwhile I would like to define Mr. Fish's " quarter-of-a-century " old school a little more clearly than he has done, just to show what that school is, and on what a slender foundation Mr. Fish's knowledge of it rests, as shown by his severe criticisms of " E. M.," in which he is careful not to commit himself beyond vague generalities. He is, however, clear enough in condemning " E. M. s description of the usual practice of pinching to "2 or 3 inches "or " two or three eyes," as explicitly stated by " E. M.," who is also condemned on that account as not knowing " the mere alphabet " of the subject. " E. M." is, however, quite orthodox in his inter- pretation of the general practice ; if anything, he is a little too liberal in that respect. But that Mr. Fish himself has not mastered "the alphabet" of the school he professes so much devotion to, will be easy to show. Mr. Fish has sat at "the feet of Lindley " on this subject, he says, but his ears have been shut to his preceptor's voice. Here is Lindley s description from p. 378, Theory and Practice on Pruning the Pear. Alluding to Cappe's method, he July 15, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. GO says : — " He pinches all the young shoots not required to form branches, when in a very yonng state ; when they have scarcely pushed a finger's length, they are shortened to about 1 inch, or from that to \k ineh ; " and when secondary Bhoots are produced from these shoots the same season, " he also pinches these to 1 or lj- inch from where they originated. They rarely push again, but if they do, their growths are again reduced as before." The Gardeners' Assistant, last edition, p. 406, says " it is now found to be the best mode to pinch them (lateral shoots) immediately under the sixth leaf. . . . Many of these shoots will push again after the first stopping, and when these are 3 or 4 inches long, they are pinched back to three buds, or to about 1.J- inch from their basis." Now this is the practice ridiculed by Mr. Fish. If Mr. Thompson's three buds be equal to 14 inch, under his sixth leaf must just be about equal to " E. M.'a " bracketed " current year's shoots " instead of " old spurs," he would have done justice to what I did write. The cultivators I alluded to, do cut away some of the current year's shoots instead of pinching them in the orthodox way, because they know they can get fruit enough without spending time in pinching these shoots so often before fruit spurs form at their base. The admission of air and light to the branches by the complete removal of some of these current season's shoots is of more value to the tree than the spurs formed after a lapse of a year or two, and which perhaps never form at all anything better than wood-buds. They (and I agree with them), consider the practice a good one, where the shoots are so numerously pro- duced as to rob the branches of the amount of sunlight, &c, necessary to mature the wood thoroughly, as unless this occurs fruit cannot Fig. 16. — cyrtanthus helictus. Flowers creamy-white, with a crimson stripe on each segment. inches. This practice is the one adopted, I under- stand, with the experimental trees at Chiswick, so that Mr. Fish's censure has a pretty wide application, while he does not himself appear to have any method at all. I do not write to defend " E. M. " or the practices I have described, but simply to show the confusion of thought that exists on the subject. Extension. P.S. — I would like to know where and when Lindley has advocated summer-pinching him- self in this country. E. If I hurt "W. L. C.'s " feelings (p. 723 of last volume of Gardeners' Chronicle), by accusing him of having misconstrued my words, I am sorry. I did not mean to be uncourteous, as he points out a discussion by practical men is instructive. But " W. L. C." will excuse me if I again point out to him how he misquotes (p. 749) what I did say on p. 666. By the addition of the words "old spurs" he renders the quotation a totally misleading one. I challenge him to point out in the quotation he gives, where I use the words alluded to. If he had follow. With pleasure I reply to " W. L. C.'s " last inquiry relating to wall trees, &c. Peach trees I relieve of all unnecessary shoots when disbudding, and when they are but a few inches long, if by chance a few are left they are removed when the shoots are tied to the wires directly after the stoning, and before the fruit begins to colour. I never pinch the shoots of these trees to induce the formation of frnit spurs. I would ask " W. L. C." if he pinches the shoots with that intent ? Apricots are not cultivated in our garden, nor have we any espalier- trained trees — only cordons, horizontally, and fan-trained trees against the walls, and a good many bushes and standards, but no formally-trained pyramids, as I do not see the use of them. Regarding those trees quoted which are wall-trees, I relieve them of superfluous shoots in June, for the purpose named (p. 57S), that is, of admitting light, air and wind to the branches, but not with the idea as I pointed out on p. 066, that these pinched- back shoots in June will form spurs at once, and give fruit the following year, because I know such theory is opposed to fact. These are the points in fruit culture that I recommend to the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle, and to " W. L C." in particu- lar. There should be no misunderstanding of these words, as I have endeavoured to put them aa plainly as possible, and in such a manner that they can only be wilfully misconstrued. E. M. CYRTANTHUS HELICTUS. Our illustration gives a representation of this rare and pretty Cyrtanthus of the Gastronema section, which, according to Mr. Baker (Amaryllidetz, p. 58), is identical with Cyphonema Loddigesianum, Herb., and an ally of Cyrtanthus umflorua, from which it differs mainly by having spirally-twisted leaves. By the evidence of the specimen from which our illus- tration was taken, and which flowered with Mr. Jas. O'Brien at Harrow-on-the Hill, too. it seems to have the power of bearing more flowers in an umbel than C. uniflorus. The flowers are creamy white, with crimson stripes down the segments, the colour suf- fusing the inner portion of each. It is a Cape bulb, requiring a cool greenhouse or bulb-pit slightly heated in winter. KEW NOTES. Hippeastrum procerum. — This is the Amaryllis procera of Flore dcs Serres, t. 2077 — 8, the A. Rayneri of Sot. Mai/., t. 5883, and the "Blue Amaryllis" of horticulturists. There is a group of it planted in a side bed in the succulent- house at Kew, two plants of which are now flowering. The figure in the Botanical Magazine does not do the plant justice, the colour of the flowers being a delicate shade of mauve with numerous reddish spots. The falcate, glaucous green, whitish-margined leaves, arranged distichously on a long stalk-like neck, 2 feet long in some of the plants, taken with the fact that the plant is ever- green, and the flower-segments regular, would almost suggest that this is no Hippeastrum at all. Has it ever been crossed with the HippeaBtrums of the H. aulicum type ? All who are interested in bulbs should see these plants, which are amongst the prettiest and most interesting bulbous plants flowered there in recent years. Amaryllis procera is a native of South Brazil, from whence it was first introduced into Belgium by M. Binot in 1863. It rarely flowers under cultivation. Crinum Rirkii from the Kilimanjaro, a handsome stove species with large nodding, red-striped flowers on a short peduncle; C. angustum, still the hand- somest of the large-flowered tropical species ; C. Moorei var. alba and C. americanum are all in flower in the houses at Kew. Ismene Amancaes, the beautiful yellow " Peruvian Daffodil," one of the most interesting of large grow- ing South American bulbous plants which thrive in a slightly-protected border; I. calathina and several species of Hymenocallis are in flower now. The hardy Ismeues are worth looking after, aa they are as well-behaved and free-flowering as the Belladonna, and very effective both in leaf and flower. Societies. 4 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. Show at Chiswick. July 11. — A special meeting of the Royal Horti- cultural Society was held on this date in the Society's Gardens at Chiswick, in good weather. There were the usual miscellaneous collection of Orchids and other plants and fruits, but the number of new plants was small; two Liliums, however, were exhibited in flower, to which reference will be seen below. In connection with this meeting was held the annual show of the National Carnation and Picotee Society (Southern Section), and the local Horticultural Society's show, the responsibility of which had been taken over for the present year by the Royal Horticultural Society, assisted by a local committee. The whole show was disappointing, as the number 70 THE GAB DENES 8' CHBONICLE. [July 15, 1893. of exhibits was not nearly so large as the entries led the committee to expect. The Carnation show also was not more than average in its quantity or quality. Floral Committee. Present: W. Marshall, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. Jas. Walker, Geo. Stevens, Chas. E. Shea, Thos. Godfrey, W. C. Leach, R. B. Lowe, Chas. Noble, Robert Owen, Chas. Jeffries, J. H. Fitt, and Frank Ross. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Exotic nurseries, Chelsea, showed Ferraria antherosa, an Iridaceous plant with brown spots on a cream-coloured ground, of interest chiefly for its curious form, and the peculiar habit of growth. It is a Cape plant, figured in Bot. Mag. in 1804, t. 751, but this plant was, we are told, intro- duced from West Australia (Award of Merit). Lilium species from Japan, of a height of 1£ to 2J feet, white, in form between auratum and longiflorum (First-class Certificate). It is identical with one shown by Dr. Wallace. Another good plant was Pitcairnia amaryllidifolia, with erect green chan- nelled leaves, haviDg a grey tomentnm on the lower surface ; flower shaft 2 feet high, furnished with clasping bracts ; head of bloom 6 inches high, of a light scarlet tint. Begonia decora, with small obliqne foliage, 3 inches high, brown in colour, with light green veins and ribs, and a good panful of Strobi- lanthes Dyerianus were also shown. Messrs. Chas. Lee & Son, of Hammersmith and Feltham, staged a group of hardy ornamental shrubs, including a Ginkgo adiantifolia, with yellow variegated leaves, and Quercus pedunculata, with white variegation (Silver-gilt Flora Medal). A small group of Begonias (tuberous), in 5 inch and 6-inch pots, was sent by Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent ; they were from seed sown last February, and had now commenced to throw very good blooms. From M. V. Lemoine, Nancy, were sent a plant each of fibrous- rooted Begonias, from 9 inches to 1 J foot; Bajosensis, white and pale pink blossoms; B. Illustration, rosy-red flowers ; B. Sieberiana, pink ; B. Abundance, B. Diadem, carmine; B. La France, rosy-red; B. Schmidti hybrida rosea, pale pink; and B. S. h. alba. They were all very pretty, useful varieties. Messrs. Wallace & Co.,Colchester, obtained a First- class Certificate for the Lilium from Japan above men- tioned, probably a garden hybrid, most like auratum in form, but pure white, excepting green veining ; the plants shown were about 15 inches high, and had three blooms on a stem. We do not give the name attached to the plants, as the species is not yet determined. Mr. Anthony Waterer, Knap Hill Nursery, Woking, sent sprays of his variety of Spiraea Bumalda, called " Anthony Waterer," very much deeper in colour than the type, and which will make a very effective plant either for the border or for cutting from. Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, exhibited a Dracsena indivisa aurea variegata. This is a very pretty table plant, with yellow veining in the leaves (Award of Merit) ; Caladium Baronne de Maimore, a very telling variety, with leaves of green and white, and exceptionally deep red veins (Award of Merit). Begonia Sunbeam is a large single, orange- yellow; and B. Lady Balfour of Burleigh, a very deep double bloom of golden-yellow. Also a basket of Lobelia Lewry's Beauty. A very fine and tastefully-arranged group of Ferns and foliage plants was that staged by Mr. H. B. May, Dyson's Lane Nurseries, Upper Edmonton ; the group included many interesting plants, all well- grown ; Adiantum lunulatum, Gymnogramma schizo- phylla gloriosa, Adiantum Farleyense, Pteris Victoria, and some well-coloured Crotons, helped to brighten np the group (Silver-gilt Flora Medal). On p. 61 of the present issue we give an illustration of the end of a fern house at Mr. May's Nursery, with Woodwardia radicseus right in front, and a specimen of Platy- cerium alcicorne hanging from the roof. Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, contributed a group of plants representing varieties of Begonia semperflorens which has been raised at this estab- lishment. They were exceptionally well-grown plants in about 6-inch pots, densely covered with bloom, and are extremely pretty for window and house decoration, as well as for outside beds, where the leaves of some of the varieties become coloured. Reading Snowflake is pure white, with rather large green leaves ; and the best for bedding would be one called Crimson King, an effective but rather light crimson— the foliage, when out-of-doors, also assumes colour. Duchess of Edinburgh is pale roBe and white, and Duchess of York a more decided rose. Coral Gem is deep flesh in colour. Some new varieties of Achimenes and Bedding Stocks were also included in this group (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, London, N., staged a group of stove foliage plants, including Bome very fine Crotons, Palms, Dracaenas, Caladiums, &c, as well as a few Oichids, such as Brassavola Digbyana, Cypripedium Stonei, Cattleya Mendelii, Thunia Bensonise alba, &c. (Silver Flora Medal). E. H. Watts, Esq., Devonhurst, Chiswick, was given a Bronze Medal for a group of six large Ferns of the common exotic species (Bronze Banksian Medal). Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Clapton Nursery, London, N., were awarded a First-class Certificate for a new Lily, L. Lowii. Upon the specimen shown were borne two flowers, npon a slender stem about Zk feet high. The petals were about 1J inch wide, recurved li inch at tip, white, with minute violet- crimson spots. Leaves very narrow, 2+ inches long. G. H. Cammel, Esq., Brookfield, Hathersage, showed flowers of Alstromeria aurantiaca, very bright orange, the two upper petals marked with chocolate (Award of Merit). Sprays of Cytisus capitatns, C. nigricans, and of Colutea arborescens purpurea, described as a new hardy shrub, were from Messrs. R. Veitch & Son, Exeter. Messrs. Laxton Bros., Bedford, sent blooms of a new Sweet Pea, called Princess May, a rather large heliotrope coloured variety. The variegated form of Nicotiana colossea, which was shown at the Ghent Quinquennial by M. Sallier Fils, Neuilly, Paris, was exhibited by him on this occasion. In a mass, it might be effective, but the variegation is not very decided. An Award of Merit was made. Orchid Committee. Present : Harry J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair ; and Messrs. Jas. O'Brien (Sec), Dr. M. T. Masters, F.RS., Chas. Pilcher, and E. Hill. The labours of the Orchid Committee, when the show is held at Chiswick, are always lighter than at the Drill Hall, and on the occasion under notice there were but few striking exhibits. Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, staged a small group of good things, among which Cypripe- dium x Massaianum (superciliare ^ , Rothschildia- num £ ) was the most remarkable, being the first cross with C. Rothschildianum. It had the stout hairy scape of C. Rothschildianum, and distinct traces of its ample striped floral bract. The flowers were large, the upper sepal white, closely striped with lines of chocolate-red, the broad, deflected, ciliolate petals creamy-white, tinged with green in the veining, and regularly and profusely spotted with dark purplish- crimson ; pouch large, tinged on the face with rose (Award of Merit). Messrs. Sander also showed plants of C. X Umlauftianum (insigne Chantini ? , Lawrenceanum £ ), C. Youngianum, with pretty Aerides Pacotianum, resembling a stout form of A. Houlletianum ; two specimens of the white RoOri- guezia pubescens, with about twenty Bpikes each ; the clear rose-coloured Cattleya Gaskelliana, Cooke's var. ; Brassia Lanceana longissima, four dissimilar plants of the pretty Trichocentrum tigrinum.a bright form of Lselio- Cattleya X Schilleriana, the handsome Epidendrum vitellinum auratum, the rare scarlet and yellow Renanthera matutina, Cattleyas, &c. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton, E., also staged a neat group, in which were the fine white Stan- hopea Amesiana, some very handsome forms of Cattleya Gaskelliana, one of them almost pure white ; the new and pretty Aerides J'Ansoni, Cattleya Eldorado alba and C. E. splendens, C. Schilleriana, Epidendrum nemorale, Disa grandiflora, Oncidium lanceanum, Angrsccum articulatum, Vanda Kimballiana, Rhyncostylis guttata, &c. Thos. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Man- chester (gr., Mr. R. JohnBon), showed Cypripedium Stonei Cannaertianum, a very fine form, in which the face of the large dorsal sepal is white, but showing through it the rich dark crimson of the outer surface ; the petals are broader than in the type, cream-white, with one row of chocolate spots np the centre, the extreme halves being entirely of a dark reddiBh purple (Award of Merit). Mr. Statter also showed a flower of a fine form of Cattleya Brymeriana, a spike of Laslio- Cattleya X Amesiana, and a plant of the pretty orange-scarlet Lselia monophylla. Walter C. Clark, Esq., Orleans House, Aieburth Drive, Sefton Park. Liverpool (gr., Mr. T. Jones), sent a three-flowered spike of a good form of Cattleya Rex, with the information that it was one of two borne by the same plant, which, although showing improvement every year, has never made a root in this country. Messrs. Lewis & Co., Chase Side, Southgate, N., exhibited Cattleya Gaskelliana South- gatensis, a very pretty light variety ; and a Cypri- pedium X Bradshawianum, a variety closely resem- bling C. X radiosum (Spicerianum X Lawrence- anum). And in a group of miscellaneous plants, Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Holloway, N., had the striking fringed Laelia Digbyana and Odontoglossum Harryanum, 0. hastilabium, Cypripedium superbiens Demidoff var., Epidendrum nemorale, Lycastes, &c. Fruit Committee. Present: Philip Crowley. Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. J. Cheal, S. T. Wright, W. Bates, F. Q. Lane, Geo. Wythes, G. Taber, W. Warren, T. F. Rivers, P. C. Veitch, G. Reynolds, Harrison Weir, H. Balderson, G. H. Sage, W. H. Divers, A. Dean, and J. Willard. A collection of fruits exhibited by Mr. Leach, gr. to the Duke of Northumberland, Albury Park, in- cluded some good Black Hamburgh Grapes, two dishes of Grosse Mignonne Peach (large), a basket of Mrs. Osborne Raspberry, and branches of Plums River's Early Prolific, Early Orleans, and Bradley's King of Damsons. Mr. J. Miller, gr. to Lord Foley, Ruxley Lodge, Esher, had two dishes of Royal George Peach, and a dish of Elruge Nectarine and Violette Hative. These latter were exceedingly high-coloured and good ; also six large fruits of Ponderosa Tomato (Cultural Commendation). Messrs. T. Rivers & Son, Sawbridgeworth, had a very fine collection of orchard-honse fruit. Princess of Wales Peaches, very large ; and a seedling Peach, of which twelve good fruits were shown, were very pretty, Apricot coloured. Early Rivers Peach, Early Rivers Nectarine, Hales' Early Peach (very highly coloured) ; a collection of very fine Cherries, in about fifteen varieties, and the following Plums, all good : Grand Duke, Early Transparent Gem, Vic- toria, Monarch, Jefferson, and the small Stint Plum (Silver Kuightian Medal). Mr. J. Hudson, Gunnersbury House Gardens, staged six bunches of Black Hamburgh Grapes, which had been cut from one Vine, in a 12-inch pot, and represented nine pounds six onnces of fruit (Cultural Commendation). Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a very large collection of Gooseberries, including some 160 dishes. This is not a season for extra large Goose- berries, but some of them here were of excellent quality and size, and the general collection better than we Bhould have expected, as in many localities great havoc has been made by red-spider. Some very fine Red and White Currants, a few dishes of Cherries, Raspberries, and Apples, were also shown (Silver- gilt Kuightian Medal). Mr. Thomas Berridge. Norwood Lodge, Southall, sent a plant of Tomato Norwood Lodge, to show its free-fruiting qualities. M. A. Soutn, Esq., Neasden House, Neasden (gr., Mr. C. Payne), had a variegated Vine, bearing one bunch of half-grown berries in a large pot; the young shoots were a golden-yellow. Messrs. Cooper, Taber, & Co., Ld., Witham, Essex, sent pods and branches of Cooper's White- eyed Long-pod Bean, described as being a heavy cropper, tender, and having a better flavour when cooked than any other. No award was made. Mr. Owen Thomas, gr. to Her Majesty, at the Royal Gardens, Windsor, showed six fine fruits of Royal George Melon, a hybrid from High Cross Hybrid, and Hero of Bath ; the hybrid has red flesh. Also twelve very large fruits of Walburton Admirable Peach. Seedling Melons also came from Mr. Jno. Craw- ford, The Gardens, Coddingtoa Hall; and from Mr. Jas. Barkham, The Gardens, Longford House, Ryde, Isle of Wight. Messrs. Hurst & Son, Houndsditch, E., exhibited fruits of Dunedin's Favourite Tomato ; it is a medium-sized fruit, very heavy, has very few seeds, and is among the earliest to ripen. Mr. J. Douglas again exhibited his seedling White Grape from Black Hamburgh and White Muscadine. NATIONAL CARNATION AND PICOIEE. Jolt 11. — The annual exhibition of this Society was held in conjunction with the committee meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society, in the Chiswick Gardens, on this date. We expected a July 15, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 71 rather disappointing display, but were agreeably surprised to find a show not far below the average, the flowers not even small in size in most instances, and usually fine for colour, although run colours are only too common this season. The blooms showed few traces of the recent severely hot weather, and throughout the classes were filled, in many instances the competition running very close. Cabnations. These were placed first in the schedule, and the largest class waa for twenty-four blooms, twelve to be dissimilar. The premier award was made in favour of Mr. J. Douglas, Great Gearies, Ilford, who showed apart for several fine unnamed seedlings, P.F. Charles Henwood, P.P.B. Harmony, a beautiful flower; S.F. Mrs. C. Graham, Tim. Bobbin, P.F. Mrs. Douglas, S.B. Ed. Adams, S B. Robert Lord, SB. Arthur Medhurst, and S.B. Ed. Rowan. The 2nd place was gained by Mr. Charles Turner, The Royal Nurseries, Slough, whose flowers, like those in the 1st prize stand, were remarkably fresh, and clear in colour. Again several seedlings were exhibited, and of much beauty were the blooms of P.F. Charles Henwood, R.F. Lady Marv Currie, S.F. Mrs. C. Graham, S.B. Dr. Hogg, P.F. Billy Hender- son, P.P.B. Mr. Smith, P.P.B. Harmony, S.B. C. H. Herbert, besides other named kinds, all in good character ; Mr. F. Hooper, Bath, was 3rd. The next class was for twelve blooms, distinct, and the London grower, Mr. Martin Rowan, of Clapham, was 1st. His box contained the Premier Carnation in the show, a very large and well-developed bloom of S.B. Robert Houlgrave, and other kinds of note were S.F. Sportsman, C.B. Edward Rowan, C.B. J. D. Hextall. C.B. J. S. Hedderley, P.F. Gordon Lewis, and R.F. Rob Roy. This was a good place, con- sidering that the competition was very keen ; Mr. Arthur R. Brown, Handsworth, Birmingham, was a good 2nd, and noteworthy amongst his smooth flowers were S.B. Robert Houlgrave, R.F. Lady Mary Currie, P.F. Billy Henderson, S B. Admiral Curzon, and C.B. Fred Phillips ; Mr. George Chaundy, Oxford, was 3rd. The best six distinct flowers were those from Mr. J. J. Keen, South- ampton, who had clear-coloured fresh flowers of Robert Houlgrave, S.F. Alisemond, and Squire Potts ; Mr. Douglas came 2nd, and his flowers were of excellent quality ; Mr. A. J. Sanders, gr. to Viscountess Ohewton, Cobharo, 3rd. The classes for single blooms were interesting, but there is not much beauty in such exhibits. PlCOTEES. These were very pure and distinct in their mark- ings generally, and made a great display, the flowers in the winning stands were of conspicuously high quality. As with the Carnations, the most impor- tant class was for twenty-four blooms, in not less than twelve distinct varieties. The principal winner was Mr. Chas. Turner, who had a surprisingly fine box, in which the chief kinds were — L.R.S.E. Lady Holmesdale, Liddington's Favourite, still the best of the light rose and scarlet-edged class ; L.P.E. Svlvia, L.P.E. Esther, L.R.E. Brunette, L.R.S.E. Madeleine, L.R S.E. Little Phil, L P.E. Zerlina, and L.R.E. Norma. Mr. Douglas was 2nd, and in his stand we noted as of special excellence, Lid- dington's Favourite, and a new seedling named Ganymede, a heavy red-edged Picotee, and the same exhibitor had a number of highly-promising seed- lings. The 3rd place was won by Mr. F. Hooper. The competition was exceptionally keen in the class for twelve blooms, in which Messrs. Thomson & Co. came 1st ; they showed well the varieties L.S.E. Mrs. Sharp, L.P.E. Zerlina, L.R.E. John Smith, Liddington's Favourite, L.R.S.E. Little Phil, L.P.E. Amy Robsart. L.R E. Thomas William, L.R.E. Brunette, L.R S.E. Campanini, and L R.S.E. Mrs. Burnett. The 2nd prize box of Mr. A. R. Brown containing many good blooms. Mr. Rowan 3rd. For Bix blooms, distinct, Mr. A. W. Jones, Hands- worth, Birmingham, was 1st, with L.R.S.E. Mrs. Payne, and this was judged the premier bloom in the show. Others exhibited were L.S. Norman Carr, L.R.S.E Little Phil, Campanini, belonging to same section ; L.P.E. Clara Penson, and L.R.E. Brunette. An excellent stand of flowers came from Mr. J. P. Sharp, Birmingham, and was placed 2nd • Mr. A. Greenfield, 3rd. Two classes were set apart for yellow grounds, the largest being for twelve blooms, distinct, the 1st prize going to Mr. Charles Blick, gr. to Martin Smith, Esq., Hayes Common, Kent ; the flowers were exceptionally full, and of very rich colour. The most conspicuous were Stadrath Bouel, Dorothy, Remembrance, Annie Douglas, Cowslip (a pleasing name), Optimus, Chrysodora, and Almira. Mr. C. Turner was a good 2nd, and in his stand were fine flowers of Almira, Annie Douglas, Agnes Chambers, and Arthur Barrett ; Mr. J. Douglas was 3rd ; Mr. Chas. Phillips and Messrs. Thomson & Co., 4th and 5th respectively ; Mr. Geo. Chaundry, 6th ; and Mr. Thos. Anstiss, 7th. For six, Mr. A. W. Jones was 1st, with Mrs. Robert Sydenham, Almira, Victory, Lord Rendlesham, and Stadrath Bouel. The latter varietv was Bhown well throughout. Mr. A. R. Brown, who was 2nd, had it in fine character; Mr. Sydenham, 3rd ; Mr. Charles Harden, 4th ; and Mr. F. Nutt, Southampton, 5th. The classes for single blooms deserve highpraise for the purity and fullness of the flowers. Five prizes are given in each class, and for heavy red- edged, Mr. Turner 1st (Morna) ; Mr. A. R. Brown, 2nd (Brunette); Mr. C. Phillips 3rd and 4th (Morna) ; Mr. J. Douglas 5th (Ganymede). For light-edged, Mr. A. W. Jones 1st (Mrs. Gorton); Mr. Rowan 2nd, same variety; Mr. Jones 3rd (Thos. William) ; Messrs. Thomson & Co. 4th, same variety; Mr. Brown 5th, same kind. In the purple class, for heavy-edged, Mr. J. J. Keen 1st (Amy Robsart) ; Mr. Jones 2nd, same kind ; Mr. Rowan 3rd (Muriel). For light-edged, Mr. Rowan 1st (Amy Robsart) — -we supposed this kind may be classed under both headings; Messrs. Thomson & Co., 2nd (Edith); Mr. Brown 3rd (Pride of Leyton); Mr. Jas. Douglas 4th (Ann Lord); Mr. J. Keen 5th (Pride of L»yton). For heavy rose- edged, Mr. A. W. Jones 1st (Campanini) ; Mr. C. Turner 2nd ; and Mrs. Pavne 3rd (Little Phil). For light. Mr. A. R. Brown 1st and 3rd (Mrs. F. Ricardo) ; Mr. C. Phillips 2nd (Ethel) ; and 4th (seedling) ; Mr. J. J. Keen 5th (Ethel). In the heavy scarlet-edged class, Mr. A. W. Jones 1st (Mrs. Sharp), and Messrs. Thomson & Co. 2nd, Mr. JaB. Douglas 3rd, Mr. J. J. Keen 4th, with all the same variety. For light-edged, Mr. A. W. Jones 1st (Liddington's Favourite), Mr Turner 2nd, Mr. Brown 3rd, and Mr. J. J. Keen 5th, all with this kind ; Mr. Douglas 4th, with Seedling. Selfs and Fancies. — These were largely exhibited, The best twenty-four blooniB, not less than twelve distinct varieties, came from Mr. Turner, who had beautiful specimens of Janira, Gladys, Germania, Dorothy, Rose, Unique, King of Scarlets, Terra- cotta, Master Fred, Mrs. Wilson, Romulus. Marine Murray, White Lady, The Governor, Ruby, Duchess of Sutherland, and Stadrath Bouel ; the 2nd place was well-filled with flowers from Mr. Jas. Douglas, including many of his own raising; whilst Mr. Charles Blick was 3rd ; and Mr. F. Hooper, Bath, 4th. The chief award for twelve, distinct, was made in favour of Messrs. Thomson & Co., the finest blooms being those of Gerraania, Attraction, pink ; King of Scarlets, Mrs. Reynolds Hole, and Mrs. Fred. White ; Mr. A. R. Brown was placed 2nd, for excellent blooms ; Mr. C. Phillips, 3rd ; Mr. G. Chaundry, 4th. Good competition took place in the class for six, distinct, the 1st prize being awarded to Mr. A. W. Jones for fine flowers of Norman Carr, Stadrath Bouel, Germania, Almira, Lord Rendlesham, and Gladys. The other prize-winners were Mr. J. F. Kew, Southend, 2nd ; Mr. J. Jordon, gr. to R. Hart, Esq., Sutton, Surrey, 3rd ; and Mr. T. E. Henwood, Reading, 4th. Pot Plants. — Only one class was provided for these, and a white card round the blooms was forbidden. The awards were given for cultural excellence, and a liberal show of flowers. The 1st prize was awarded to Mr. J. Douglas, who had plants of good growth, well-flowered, and the flowers of self colour, Mr. C. Turner 2nd. For six blooms, open only to those who have never won a prize, Mr. C. Harden, Dover, was 1st, and his flowers were distinctly creditable. Harmony was well shown. Vases, Sprays, $c. — Three classes were set apart for this form of decoration. Tne best vase of Car- nations or Picotees, only one kind to be used, of either section, Mr. Jas. Douglas 1st, Mr. E. C. Goble 2nd, and Messrs. Thomson & Co. 3rd. Whilst for three sprays, very creditable were those from Messrs. Thomson & Co., who were 1st ; Mr. J. Walker, Thame, 2nd ; Mr. C. Gotte, 3rd ; and Mr. Jas. Douglas, 4th. Mr. Douglas had the best button- holes of Carnations, and was closely followed by Messrs. Thomson & Co. Mr. Martin Smith's Prices. — Three classes were set apart for those exhibits in competition for Mr. Smith's prizes. Certain rules were to be followed, and the flowers were to be gathered only from plants that had been " wintered without protection in the open border, and staged without ' dressing,' and exactly as they were cut from the plants." A burst calyx to be a disqualification. The first class was for the best border or self-coloured Carnation, not less than twelve trusses. Mr. Sage, gr. to the Earl of Dysart, Ham House, Twicken- ham, had a bunch of scarlet self, named Jim Smyth ; it is a showy and handsome flower, well worthy of the award. Mr. E. C. Goble, 2nd ; Mr. J. Douglas, 3rd ; and Mr. W. H. Divers, Ketton Hall Gardens, 4th. The next class was for six varieties of self-coloured Border Carnations, not less than six trusses of each variety. This made a lovely display, and the 1st prize went worthily to Mr. J. Douglas ; Mr. J. Walker, Thame, 2nd ; Messrs. Thomson & Co., 3rd ■ and Mr. W. H. Divers, 4th. The following class admitted flakes, bizarres, and fancy kinds, Car- nations and Picotees; Mr. J. D.iuglas had a charm- ing assortment, and was 1st ; Mr. F. Hooper, 2nd ■ Mr. W. H. Divers, 3rd. A large number of First-class Certificates were given, and we enumerate the following. Owing to the careless way in which the flowers are placed about at these shows, and with no official list published, it is impossible to enumerate kinds thus honoured. The following were from Mr. C. Biick, who had the major portion of seedlings. Of fancy Picotees, good kinds are George Cruikshank, buff yellow ground, with heavy markings of scarlets ; Sirius, a fancy Picotee, similar groand, bright scarlet splashes ; Cardinal Wolseley, yellow ground Picotee, better than Victory, fuller, richer, though similar; The Dey, yellow ground Picotee.with heavy rose edges; Rosa Bonheur, a beau- tiful scarlet flake ; Tom Sayers, buff, with stripes not very deep of crimson— a good Carnation ; Bendigo, self purple — very handsome Carnation ; Andray Campbell, 'yellow self variety ; Sir Gauvain, similar to Mrs. Reynolds Hole, of apricot tone ; Mephisto, deep crimson-maroon self; The Patriot, a splendid addition to the crimson bizarre class ; Duke of Orleans, yellow self, very fine ; Ellen Terry, white, pure, and full ; and Hayes' Scarlet, scarlet, a brilliant colour, self. A seedling raised by Mr. Douglas, and called Agricola, was shown by him in winning stand ; it is a superb purple flake. Miscellaneous. — Mr. C. Blick, gr. to Mr. Martin Smith, had a large group of seedlings and other kinds, well staged in loose bunches ; and a large collection of border kinds, cut from the open air, came from Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham (Silver Medal). Wm. Robinson, Esq., Gravetye Manor, East Grinstead, showed a beautiful self white Carnation, named Alice ; the flowers were not split, and the large bunch was arranged as we should like to see all Carnations at shows. CHISWICK LOCAL SHOW. July 11. — This exhibition, which was held in the grounds and under the management of the Royal Horticultural Society, was not so large a one as might have been expected. Various reasons were given for this, and it is hoped that a better exhibition will be held next year. The 1st class was for a group of plants arranger! for effect npon ground not exceeding 100 square feet, open. A very fine group was staged by Messrs. W. Fromow & Sons, Sutton Court Nursery, Chis- wick, some good Liliums, Crotons, Pancratiums, Cocos Weddeliana, with some larger Palms at the back, were very tastefully arranged. In the class for amateurs for a group of plants arranged for effect, not to exceed 75 square feet, the successful exhibitor was E. H. Watts, Esq., Devon- hurst, Chiswick (gr. Mr. Porteous). The group was not very rich in plants, but with a ground-work of Adiantum Feins and some Liliums, Palms, Cala- diums, &c, an interesting group was arranged. Dr. Tuke, Chiswick House (gr. Mr. H. Aspland), was 2nd. Mr. C. Turner, Roval Nurseries, Slough, took 1st prize for a group of Pelargoniums to cover not more than 100 square feet, with a group of plants in very fair condition. For the Silver Cup offered for the best group of twelve tuberous Begonias, distinct, arranged with small flowering plants, a very exceptional collection was staged by Sir Charles Pigott, Bart., Wexham Park, Slough (gr., Mr. J. Ford). The plants were large, in 0-inch and 10-inch pots, all very good ; bnt one single variety of deep velvety-crimBon, large, and of good substance, attracted more than ordinary attention. The best Cnleus, in six p'ante, came from A. Russell, Esq., Woodlands, Isleworth. Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, Glenhurst, E,htr (gr., Mr. C. J. 72 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 15, 1893. Waite), brought the best six hardy Ferns from amateurs, showing pretty good specimens in 10-inch pots. T. E. H. Hodgson, Esq., Ranelagh House, Grove Park (gr., Mr. W. H. Davies), took 1st for six plants of Gloxinias, with very fair specimens. Twelve bunches of hardy herbaceous perennials were best shown by Earl Dysart, Ham House, Rich- mond (gr., Mr. G. H. Sage), consisting of Heliopsis patula, Eryngium Olivierianum, Echinops Ritro, Coreopsis lanceolata, Gypsophila paniculata, Cen- taurea varB., Helenium var., Delphiniums, Erigeron, Chrysanthemum maximum, and Statice speciosa ; Dr. Tuke, Chiswick House, was 2nd. The 1st prize for eight bunches, was taken by Miss R. Debenham, St. Peter's, St. Albans, Lathyrus latifolius albus, Eryngium amethyetinum, and Phlox decussata, were very good. Stove or greenhouse flowers in twelve bunches, were best shown by E. H. Watts, Esq., Devonhurst, Chiswick (gr., Mr. Porteous), and Dr. Tuke was 2nd. T. E. Hodgson, Esq., Ranelagh House, Grove Park (gr., Mr. W. H. Davis), staged the best twelve bunches of zonal Pelargoniums, but these were only fair. Roses. The 1st open class for twenty four Roses, distinct, was competed for by several exhibitors, but the general character of the blooms was not above fair. Messrs. Harkness & Sons, Bedale, Yorkshire, were 1st, and in this stand there were some good blooms, such as Marie Baumann, Secateur Vaisse, Louis Van Houtte, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Etienne Levet, &c. ; Mr. George Mount, The Rose Nurseries, Canterbury, was 2ud, but his flowers were small ; the 3rd place was taken by Mr. B. R. Cant of Colchester. Messrs. Harkness & Son, Bedale, Yorks, won the 1st prize and the Silver Cup for twenty-lour Roses, distinct, three trusses of each, in this class also were some good blooms: Horace Vernet, La France, Earl of Dufferin, Alfred Colomb, Duchess de Morny, Marie Baumann, A. K. Williams, Exposition de Brie, Gustave Piganeau, and Mrs. J. Laing were the best. Mr. B. R Cant, who had twice won the cup in previous years, was 2nd ; his stand, however, contained some very weak blooms, whilst in some instances the quality was average. The floral decorations were not numerous, Miss Lilian Hudson being the only competitor in the classes for a stand of flowers for table decoration, and a stand for hall decoration. In each case the arrangement was commendable, and 1st prizes were awarded. A group of excellent Gloxinias was staged for exhibition by Mr. E. Hythe, Hillcrest, Castle Bar, EaliDg (gr., Mr. A. Jones). There were a good number of classes for cottagers, and these brought some very fair produce ; win- dow plants and boxes were good, and vegetables fairly represented. Mr. A. Farmer, Blenheim, Road, Gunnersbury, was the 1st. Fhuit. Mr. Thos. Osman, The Gardens, Ottershaw Park, was 1st for two bunches of Black Grapes, with good Black Hamburgh ; 2nd, Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, Glenhurst, Eaher (gr., Mr. Waite), with smaller, but better-finished bunches. In the class for White Grapes, Mr. Osman was eeain 1st, showing Mrs. Pearson; W. A. Louth, Esq.. Neasdon House, Neasdon (gr., Mr. C. Payne), was 2nd. with Muscat of Alexandria; 3rd, E. H. Watts, Esq., with Dake of Buccleuch. The best dish of Strawberries came from J. T. Hopwood, E-q., Ketton Hall, Stamford (gr., Mr. W. H. Divers), who had British QueeD. A. Pears, Esq., Green Bank, Isleworth (gr., Mr. Drbnam), was 1st for six Peaches with large, well- coloured fruit of Violette Hative; Sir Chas. Pigott was 2nd, with large fruits of Barrington. Nec- tarines were Bhown best by the Honourable W. P. Talbot, Glenhurst, Esher, who had very highly- coloured fruits of Elruge ; Sir Charles Pigott was 2nd, with smaller fruits of same variety ; and Earl Dysart 3rd, with Victoria. Vegetables. Potatos were of very fair quality, the best three 'lishes coming from the Hon. W. P. Talbot ; Mr. A. Farmer, Railway Cottages. Blenheim Road, Gunners- imry, was 2nd ; and Earl Dysart, 3rd. Earl Dysart ■ hiiwed the best Tomatos in three dishes, and had very fine fruits; W. A. Louth, Esq.. was 2nd. Two good Cucumbers, Sutton's Peerless, obtained 1st prize for T. E. H. Hodgson, Esq., Ranelagh House; and Dr. Tuke was 2nd. The best six dishes of vegetables for Messrs. Carters' prize was staged by Colonel the Hon. W. P. Talbot. He had good Globe Artichokes, Carter's Perfection Tomato, Carter's Ashtop Fluke Potato, Carter's Holborn Onion, Carter's Summer Favourite Carrot, and Carter's Telegraph Pea. W. A. Louth, Esq, was 2nd; and A. Russell, Esq., Woodlands, Isleworth, 3rd. Mr. H. Balderson, Corner Hall, Hemel Hemp- stead, took 1st prize in the class for three dishes of Peas, offered by Messrs. C. Sharpe & Co., Sleaford, Lincolnshire; Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot 2nd, and Mr. T. Watkins, Grove House, Merrow, 3rd. IPSWICH FLOWER SHOW. July 5. — The annual summer show of the Ipswich and East of England Horticultural Society opened on the lawn of Christchurch Park on Wednesday, and proved one of the most successful exhibitions that the society has held. The plants and flowers were well up to the general standard of the show, and Roses were particularly good. The fruit and vegetables were remarkably fine, considering the character of the season. Roses made a fine show. The day is past for Mr. F. Cant, excellent grower as he is, to have matters all his own way. He, nevertheless, held his own well in the largest class, showing a uniformly excellent (and in no other sense uniform) collection, though the most perfect individual bloom in the show was, perhaps, the Horace Vernet in the 2nd prize exhibit. In the other two open classes, Messrs. Prior were to the fore, with Mr. Cant 2nd. In the former of them points were equal as to the quality of the blooms, but Messrs. Prior won on the arrange- ment. In the amateurs' twenty-fours, Rev. H. A. Berners showed a beautiful collection, including a John Bright, a variety which the previous day took the Silver Medal at Diss for the best H.P. bloom in the show. In the twelves class, the rev. gentle- man was beaten by Mr. W. W. Parsons, a Wood- bridge exhibitor, who made a very beautiful show. In the Tea Roses, Mr. Berners was a good 1st. Possibly, had the show been a week earlier, the show of Roses all round would have been stronger, but as it stood it needed no apology. The zonal Pelargoniums made a brilliant display, Mr. R. Austin, sen., carrying off premier honours. Mr. C. Jacobi must be complimented upon the splendid collection of herbaceous flowers he was enabled to put in, which far outshone anything else in the class. Mr. G. Gilbert also showed a good collection in the class for twenty-fours. The bouquet prizes were carried off by Mr. O. G. Orpen. The ball-room bouquet was a pleasing arrangement of De Watteville Roses ; and the bridal bouquet, white Roses and Gladioli. The 1st prize for a basket of cut flowers fell to a new exhibitor, Miss C. Elmslie, of Whitton, after a close competition with Mrs. Orpen. TakiDg the classes in the order in which they came, there was not much competition for stove and greenhouse plants, in which Mr. George Gilbert had matters all his own way. The next class for six ornamental foliage plants was also headed by Mr. Gilbert, Mr. Whitfield King coming 2ad. Mr. Gilbert was more strongly represented in a hand- some 30-feet group of Palms and zonal Pelargoniums, for which the judges awarded a special prize, and in a remarkable collection of seedling Coleus studded over various vacant spots in the tents. These were a fine collection, illustrating in an extraordinary degree the strong varieties of colour which the plant is capable of developing. In the amateur class for group of plants arranged for effect, Mr. Whitfield King was finely represented. The Orchids and Lilies were grandly developed. The institution of a class of smaller groups for amateurs employing not more than one gardener was this year very successful, and attracted some capital entries. The judges had not much difficulty in singling out Mr. Webster Adams's group, which was a happy combination of brilliancy of colour and lightness of arrangement, with a singularly neat and pretty edging of Se laginella denticulata. Dr. Casley's group, which was 2nd, was original in style. The show of fruit and vegetables would challenge comparison with any show of the year. The Straw- berries, considering how prematurely advanced the season is, were very fine. Mr. J. Woods, Woodbridge, and Mr. Alexander Fraser were the 1st prize-winners in the classes for single varieties, whilst Lady North took a similar award for a grand collection. There were alBO some fine dishes of Cherries shown by Mr. J. A. Burness and Mr. R. Austin, and excellent Peaches were sent in from Woolverstone Hall. The collections of vegetables were good, and Tomatos very well grown, and there were some excellent Peas and other vegetables. The cottagers' exhibits were not so numerous as might have been expected. The time is already passed for most of their summer exhibits. Suffolk Chronicle, July 8. EALING HORTICULTURAL. July 5. — By permission of C. Bartholomew, Esq., the twenty-ninth annual exhibition of this society took place in the grounds of Castle Hill Honse, Ealing. In some respects the show was an improve- ment on its predecessors. For a group arranged for effect, 12 feet by 6 feet, 1st honours were taken with a remarkably pretty arrangement from Mr. W. Roberts, gr. to J. Harris, Esq., Braemar, Dendrobium calceolus major being well flowered. 2nd, Mr. C. Long, gr. to E. P. Oak- shott, Esq., a very creditable exhibit. Group, 7 feet by 5 feet: 1st, Mr. C. Edwards, gr. to W. Owen, Esq., Castle Bar, a good lot ; 2nd, Mr. T. Wiseman, gr. to J. Butler, Esq., North Common Road. Six fine foliage plants : 1st, Mr. C. Long ; Crotons well coloured. Four fine-foliaged plants: 1st, Mr. W. Roberts; the latter also taking 1st place for six well-grown Ferns. For a specimen stove or greenhouse plant in flower, the premier position was accorded to Mr. C.Long, for a finely-flowered Allamanda ; 2nd, Mr. C. Edwards, for a well-grown and flowered Cleroden- dron Balfourianum. Specimen stove or greenhouse plant remarkable for handsome foliage : let, Mr. A. Denison, gr. to T. A. Gledstanes, Esq., for a grand Cycas revoluta ; 2nd, Mr. W. Roberts, for a good Latania borbonica. Foliage Begonias were well shown by Mr. J, Wickenden, gr. to R. Dawes, Esq., and Mr. C. Edwards. The four Fuchsias which gained Mr. C. Long 1st honours were fine examples of cultural skill ; good-flowered plants from Mr. W. Roberts took 2ad prize. Six flowering Begonias: 1st, Mr. J. Beasley, gr. to A. Fraser, Esq., The Mount, fine examples; 2nd, Mr. C. Long. Excellently-flowered bedding Pelar- goniums gained Mr. G. Wickenden 1st prize, who also took a similar position for Coleuses. Interest centred in the class for eighteen cut Roses, not fewer than twelve varieties ; the Gold Medal of the National Rjse Society was taken for the fourth time with some good blooms considering the season, by Mr. C. Long; 2nd, Mr. C. Edwards, who had a bright fresh lot. Bunches of stove and greenhouse flowers were shown in grand condition by Messrs. A. Denison and W. Merridew. Table decorations, as previously mentioned, were a feature. In the class for three stands or vases of flowers, there were seven competitors, the 1st prize, after long deliberation, going to a charmingly elegant arrangement from Mr. W. Merridew, gr. to F. Gerlach, Esq. ; a very close 2nd indeed was Miss L Hudson, Gunnersbury House. One hand-bouquet, 1st prize, a beautiful exhibit, Mrs. W. Roberts, North Common Road, the same lady taking similar honours for three elegant sprays. For a bouquet of Roses, Mr. W. Roberts, gr. to J. Harris, Esq., took 1st prize with an admirable arrangement. Grapes — black and white, were well shown by Messrs. G. Wickenden and C. Edwards. For Messrs. Sutton & Sons' prizes for a collection of vegetables, the prize-winners were Messrs. C. Edwards and J. Beasley — both showing creditable productions. The cottagers' show of vegetables and other pro- duce was a good one, considering the extra- ordinary season. Mr. G. Reynolds, gr. to the Messrs. Rothschild, Gunnersbury Park, had a strikingly beautiful group of foliage and flowering plants — Crotons grandly coloured. Mr. D. Cooper, gr. to E. M. Nelson, Esq., Hanger Hill House, also contributed a good group of similar plants ; the same exhibitor likewise show- ing thirty finely-coloured fruits of Waterloo Peach, and fine samples of Early Rivers Plum. Mr. J. Hinkley, gr. to J. Chesham, Esq , The Mount, sent a fine lot of foliage and flowering plants ; as also did Messrs. Fromow & Sons, Chiswick. Messrs. C. Lee & Son, Ealing and Hammersmith, contributed a beautiful display of cut Rises in all the leading varieties ; also a very effective group of hardy ornamental trees and Bhrubs. Prunus Pis- sardi was well shown, as well as Cornus elejjantis- sima variegata, a fine form introduced by Messrs. Lee. Mrs. II. B. Smith, Ealing, contributed, in her July 15, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 73 usual tasteful style, seme beautiful examples of table decorations. A good seedling Tomato, Earned Norwood Lodge, that will doubtless be beard more of, was shown by Mr. T. Berridge, gr. to T. Unwin, Esq., Norwood Lodge, Soutball. It is a cross between Hathaway's Excelsior and Large Red, very free, one plant, in a 9-irch pot, bearing ninety-five fruits. The show was well managed by Mr. George Cannon, secretary. BATH. Jolt 6. — The Rose show which was held at Bath in the Sydney Gardtns on the above date, although it fell short of previous exhibitions in regard to the number and quality of the blooms staged, was as good as could be expected, and financially it was undoubtedly a success. NOBSEHTMEN (OPEN). There were only two competitors in the class for seventy-two varieties, single trusses, viz., Messrs. Harkne88 & Son, Bedale, Yorkshire, and Messrs. George Cooling & Sons, Bath, who took the prizes in that order. The Yorkshire exhibits being large, solid, and beautifully fresh, were easily 1st, and included, among others, capital blooms of Duchess of Bedford, Alfred Colomb, Pride of Waltham, Comte de Raimbaud, Dr. Andry, Charles Darwin, Marie Rady, Madame Verdier, Prince Arthur (in grand form), E. Andry, and Duke of Connaught ; the best blooms in MeBsrs. Cooling's stands being Duchess of Bedford, Lord Beaconsfield, Victor Hugo, Due de Montpensier, Alfred Colomb, Marquise de Castellane and Charles Lamb. Thirty-six varieties, three trusses of each : Messrs. Harkness & Son being again easily 1st, with a uniformly good, well-shaped, fresh lot of blooms ; Messrs. G. Cooling & Son were 2nd. Eighteen distinct varieties, three trusses of each : 1st, Mr. G. Mount, Canterbury, his best blooms being Alfred Colomb, Marecbal Niel, Edith Gilford, Mrs. Laing, Prince Arthur, Her Majesty, and Ulrich Brunner, all being of good substance, fine form and fresh ; Mr. Mattock, Oxford, was 2nd, staging, among others, good blooms of Lady Sheffield, Earl of Dufferin, and Mrs. John Laing. Thirty-six distinct varieties, single trusses: Mr. Mount was again to the front with good all- round blooms. Teas or Noisettes, eighteen varieties, single tmeses. — 1st, Messrs. Harkness & Son, staging very meri- torious exhibits, the blooms being neat and fresh, consisting of (back row) Niphetos, Cleopatra (re- ceiving the Silver Medal of the National Rose Society, given for the best Tea Noisette Rose in the show), Madame II. Jameson. Souvenir d'un Ami, Madame Hoste, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Francisca Kruger. Souvenir d'Elise, Madame de Watteville, The Bride, Ernest Metz, Souvenir de S. A. Prince, Caro- line Kuster, Therese Levet, Edith Gifford, Cathe- rine Mermet, Innocente Pirola, and Madame Bravy ; Mr. Mount was 2nd. Amateurs. Dr. Budd, Bath, was the only exhibitor of thirty- six varieties, single trusses, and eighteen varieties, three trusses of each, and he was very deservedly awarded 1st prize in each class for stands of bloom that it would be hard to beat at any show this year, Sultan of Zanzibar, Reynolds Hole, La France, Marie Baumann, Edith Gifford, A. K. Williams, Louis Van Houtte, Sir Garnet Wolseley, Longfellow, and Suzanne-Marie Rodocanachi being the most prominent. Mr. Thomas Hobbs, Bristol, had the best stand of twenty-four varieties, single trusses ; Mr. J. Parker having the 2nd best. The last-mentioned exhi- bitor was 1st for a stand of twelve blooms, distinct ; Mr. Hobbs being 2nd, both staging creditable blooms for the season. Teas and Noisettes.— Dr. Bndd had the best stand of eighteen blooms, distinct varieties; Mr. Gray. Bith, having the 2nd best. Mr. J. Parker and Mr. Hobbs, 1st and 2nd for stands of twelve varieties ; 1st and 2nd positions being accorded to Dr. Budd and Mr. Parker respectively for stands of six varieties, three trnsBes of each, all staging creditable blooms. Open Classes. Twelve single trusses of any Rose. — 1st, Messrs. Harkness & Sons, staging grand blooms of Mrs. John Laing, one of which was awarded the Silver Medal of the National Rose Society, given for the best hybrid perpetual in the show ; Mr. Mattock was 2nd. Twelve single trusses of any yellow Rose.— 1st, Mr. Mount, with a dozen neat fresh blooms of Marechal Niel ; Mr. Gray taking 2nd place with same variety. Twelve single trusses of any crimson Rose. — 1st, Messrs. Harkness & Sons, with large fresh blooms of Gustave Piganeau. For twelve single trusses of La France there was only one competitor, Messrs. Harkness & Sons, to whom the 1st prize was justly awarded. Messrs. G. Cooling & Sons secured chief honours in the class for twelve distinct varieties of garden decorative Roses, shown in bunches ; only one entry. Nine bouquets of Roses for the hand. — 1st, Mr. Mattock ; 2nd, Messrs. Cooling & Sons, both staging fine arrangements, composed of choice Tea and Noisette Roses in the bud state. Dr. Budd and Mr. E. T. Hill obtained 1st and 2nd honours in that order for six bouquets of Roses ; and Mr. R. B. Cater, Bath, secured premier position for a basket of cut flowers, in the arrangement of which Cattleya (jaskelliana, Dendrobium moschatum, and Aiirides cylindricum, were made the most of, intermixed with Asparagus tenuissimus and light grasses. Gboups of Miscellaneous Plants. The most attractive feature in the show was one of three groups of miscellaneous plants, arranged for f fleet, at the lower end of the large tent in which the Roses were shown by Mr. Jas. Cypher. Severalclasses were provided for tuberous Begoniaa and herbaceous plants, and a fine lot of plants and cut blooms were staged. Mr. J. B. Blackmore winning the Challenge Cup given by the Rev. E. Lascelles, Newton St. Loe, Bath, for the best twelve plants of tuberous-rooted Begoniaa, six single and Bix double- flowered. Mr. Davis, Yeovil, and Mr. Cannell, Swanley, con- tributed several excellent stands of cut flowers of the Begonia, ROSE SHOW AT MANCHESTER. July 6. — An agreeable mode of enjoying the Royal wedding-day was offered by the proprietors of the Botanical Gardens. They advanced their usual July Rose Show a couple of weeks, and engaged the bands of the 14th Hussars and Manchester Artillery to play in the grounds all through the afternoon and evening. It was probably a fortunate thing that the event of the day provided an excuse for having the show of Roses instead of at a later date. The early summer, with its great heat and little rain, has played havoc with Roses all over the country, and many of the southern roBe-growers wrote that they had no blooms to show. Under the circumstances, it was a matter of surprise that so many tine blooms as those shown on Thursday could have been brought together. The Rev. J. II. Pemberton showed some beautiful specimens of A. K. Williams and A. Colomb; and Messrs. Croll, of Dundee, had a very btau- tiful display of the best-known kinds. The Roses shown by Mrs. Mellish were also of great beauty. The space which should have been filled by the Southern exhibitors was occupied by collections of hardy herbaceous plants shown by Mr. H. Brownhill, Sale ; Messrs. Dickson & Robinson, Mr. F. Law, Sale ; Messrs. Dickson, Brown, & Tait, and Messrs. Dicksons, Chester. A number of prizes offered by the Royal Manchester and Northern Counties Botanical and Horticultural Society were awarded as follows :— Seventy-two distinct trusses : 1st, Messrs. Hark- ness & Sons, Bedale. Thirty- six distinct, three trusses of each : 1st, Messrs. Harkness & Sons. Eighteen Tea or Noisettes, three trusses: 1st, Messrs. D. & W. Croll, Dundee. Twelve Tea or Noisettes, single trusses: 1st, Messrs. Harkness & Sons. Twelve single trusses of any yellow Rose: 1st, Messrs. D. & W. Croll. Twelve single trusses of any white Rose : 1st, Messrs. Harkness & Sons. Twelve single trusses of any crimson Rose : 1st, Messrs. Mack & Son. Three bouquets of Roses : 1st, Mr. J. Mason, Victoria Buildings, Manchester. Thirty-six distinct single trnsses: 1st, the Rev. J. H. Pemberton, Essex. Twelve distinct, three trusses : 1st, Mr. W. Boyes. Twelve Tea or Noisettes, three trusses : 1st, Mr. H. V. Machin, Worksop. Twelve Tea or Noisettes, single: 1st, the Rev. J. H. Pemberton. Twelve single trusses of any yellow Rose : 1st, Mr. H. V. Machin. Twelve single trusses of any white Rose : 1st, Mr. H. V. Machin. Twelve single trusses of any ci imson Rose : 1st, the Rev. J. H. Pemberton. Twenty- four distinct single trusses : 1st, Mr. T. Tatham, Wilmslow. Twelve distinct single trusses : 1st, Mr- C. Burgess. Six distinct single trusses : 1st, Mr. C. Burgess. Extra prize for Pansies : Mr. C. Bagshaw, Heaton Mersey. Highly Commended for hardy flowers: Messrs. Clibran & Sons. Extra prize for hardy flowers : Mr. F. Law. Extra prize for hardy flowers : Mr. H. Brownhill, Sale. Highly Commended for Peaches : Mr. Woolraer, Whalley Ringe. GARDENING AND FORESTRY EXHIBITION. July 12.— A show of Roses, fruit, Carnations, &c, was held at Earl's Court, on. the above date. Roses were not numerous, some of the classes having no entry, and most of the others exhibiting, but little competition. Frnit, on the other hand, was largely shown, and of excellent quality. Carnations and Picotees were present in fair quantity, and miscel- laneous exhibits were large and good. Mr. Charles Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough, took 1st for forty-eight distinct Roses, in triplets, with a very fair lot, but onr space will not allow us to give varieties. The Crimson Rambler, we noticed, was included in this collection. The whole of them were very fresh-looking. Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, were the only com- petitors for forty-eight distinct, single trusses, but their exhibit was a very creditable one. For twenty- four, distinct, three trusses of each, the most successful exhibitors were Messrs. D. Prior & Son, Colchester, the flowers in this case being a little smaller than those of Mr. Turner, but equally fresh-looking. The same exhibitors were successful in the class for twenty-four single trusses, with good specimens, as also for twenty-four single blooms of Teas and Noisettes. Mr. Geo. Mount was awarded a 1st prize for the best eighteen Teas and Noisettes. A nice lot of garden Roses from Messrs. Paul & Son, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, was the only lot entered for the twenty-four bunches. In the amateur section, Mr. A. Gibson, gr. to T. T. Burnaby Atkins, Esq , Halstead Place, Seven- oaks, was 1st, for twelve H.P, distinct, single trusses; his Mdlle. Marie Rady was first-class. The best twelve Teas and Noisettes came from Mr. James Parker. Oakfield, Hitchin, Herts ; the other classes for Roses failed to obtain entries. In an open class for twelve bunches of stove and greenhouse flowers, Mr. J. Prewett, Swiss Nursery, Hammersmith, staged a capital lot of choice flowers. Larger bunches prettily staged were from Mr. Geo. Wythes, gr. to the Duke of Northumberland, Syon House, Brentford, and obtained a 1st prize also. Mr. A. Gibson, who was 3rd, had a first class collet tion. Carnations and Picotees, &c. For twenty- four Carnations, of not fewer than twelve dissimilar varieties, the 1st prize went to Mr. M. Rowan, Clapham. The blooms were good, and very evenly flaked. Mr. G. Chaundry, New Marston, Oxford, was 1st for twelve, with an equally fine collection. Mr. Chas. Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough, showed very well in the class for twenty-four Picotees ; and Mr. F. Hooper, Widcombe, Bath, was 1st for twelve Picotees. The 1st prize for twenty-four self and farcy Car- nations, dissimilar, went to Mr. Chas. Turner, who had large and good blooms ; whilst the 1st prize for twelve was won by Mr. Jno. Walker, Thame, Oxon. Mr. J. Douglas, gr. to Mrs. Whitbourn, Great Gearies. Ilford, Essex, staged the best twelve yellow- ground Picotees ; and Mr. Chas. Turner was a good 2nd. A good non-competitive group of bunches of Carnations, staged together with small Palms and Adiantum Ferns, was staged by Mr. Geo. Wythes, gr. at Syon House. Messrs. Geo. Jackman & Son, Woking Nurseries, Surrey, had a good lot of Roses in cut blooms ; and Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, an extensive collection of hardy cut flowers, including a fine show of Violas, Carnations, and a good group of Sweet Peas. Another large collection of hardy cut flowers was from Messrs. Barr & Son, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., with their usual variety ; also a pretty representation of the rock garden, planted with alpines. Mr. II. B. May had an extensive group of greenhouse and stove foliage plants, similar to that staged at Chiswick on the previous dav. Mr. G. II. Sage, gr. to the Earl of Dysart, Ham House, Richmond, had a group of hardy herbaceous flowers ; and Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, had a number of Carnations, Cannas, &c. Mr. J. Wa'ker, nurseryman. Thame, Oxon, also contributed a collection of Carnation, sprays, 74 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jolt 15, 1893. FBtTIT. Fruit was well represented, and most of the classes had a good number of competitors. In the first class, for three bunches of Black Grapes, the 1st place amongst nine exhibitors was taken by Mr. A. Maxim, gr. to the Hon. MisB Shaw Lefevre, Heckfield Place, Winchaeld ; Mr. T. Osman, Ottersbaw Park, Chertsey, was 2nd, with Black Hamburgh; and Mr. F. Jordon, gr. to Birkett Foster, Esq., The Hill, Witley, Surrey, 3rd. White Grapes were well shown by Mr. W. Lane, King's Ride, Ascot, who was 1st with well-ripened Muscat of Alexandria ; Mr. W. Tidy, Stanmore Hall, Great Stanmore, Middlesex, was 2nd, with large bunches of Foster's Seedling, but not quite coloured. The best three Melons were from Mr. E. Little, gardener to L. M. Rate Esq., Milton Court, Dorking, who had small fruits oi Hero of Lockinge. Mr. Samuel Mortimer, Swiss Nursery, Farnham, Surrey, was 2nd. The 1st prize for one Melon was secured by Mr. T. Elisha, Pelling Place, Old Windsor, for a seedling ; and Mr. E. Little was 2nd. Peaches and Nectarines were numerous, the 1st prize for six fruits in both cases going to Mr. F. Billings, gr. to R. W. Hanbury, Esq., Ham Hall, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, with Barrington Peach and Lord Napier Nectarine ; in both cases they were large, and exceptionally well coloured ; Mr. F. J. Debnam was 2nd for Peaches, with fine fruits of Violette Hative ; and Mr. Jno. Wallis, gr. to Ralph Snejd, Esq., Keele Hall, Newcastl", Staffs, 3rd, with Bellegarde, also good, and of high colour. The last-named exhibitor was 2nd for Nectarines, with Victoria, large, but not quite ripe ; Mr. A. Gibson was 3rd. There was only one exhibitor for three dishes of Strawberries, and a 1st prize was given to Mr. W. Chuck, gr. to P. Thellusson.'Esq., Brodsworth Hall, Doncaster, who was 1st alto for the single dish. Messrs. T. F. Rivers & Son, Sawbridgeworth, had a good collection of fruit, similar to those at Cbis- wick on the previous day. Grapes as packed for market were well shown by Mr. A. Maxim and Mr. R. Grindrod, Whitfield Gardens, Hereford. Four dishes of Peaches were shown by Mr. T. Elisha, PelliDg Place, Old Windsor, also Tomatos, Peas, and Cucumbers. The same exhibitor had four seedling Melons, one of them of very good quality. Mr. Walter Jinks, gr. to W. Grant, Esq., Fair- lawn, Cobham, Surrey, had fifteen dishes of well- grown Tomatos, in as many varieties. NORTH OF SCOTLAND HORTICUL- TURAL AND ARBORICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. In beautiful weather the members of this Associa- tion held their second excursion for the season on Saturday afternoon, July 1. The places visited were the gardens and woods of Durris, Park, and Edgehill, on Deeside. The estate of Durris, which was first inspected, is now owned by Mr. A. R. Baird, and is one of the largest on Deeside, and for natural beauty, especially from an arboricultural point of view, is one of the most interesting in the north of Scotland. The party were conducted by Messrs. Lawson & Reid. Entering by the main drive, atten- tion was at once arrested by healthy and perfect specimens of the finest and rarest Conifers, including Abies nobilis, Abies Nordmanniana, Abies grandis — magnificent specimens — and Abies lasiocarpa. A diversity of opinion arose over a variety of pendu- lous Spruce, about 40 feet high, with long, tendril- like laterals, 5 or 6 feet long, having the appearance of large tooth-brushes. It was named Abies inverta, but this did not satisfy some, and further enquiries are being made as to its correct name. One or two specimens were also noticed of Abies Fraseri, one of which was fully 40 feet high — probably as fine a specimen as in Scotland. As the company approached the house their attention was drawn to two old English Yews, which may be 500 or 600 years old. It was agreed that if not the largest, these Yews must be amongst the oldest in the country. The garden in front of the house is laid out with great taste. The party were conducted to the famous Abies nobilis avenue, planted by the late proprietor, Mr. Mactier, se a screen to a new approach then proposed to be mad . The appearance of this avenue is pro- bably the most unique in Scotland. The trees are planted at a good distance apart, and between each on one side are Limes, and on the other Spanish Chestnuts. At the west end of the venue the Abies nobilis are alternated with Weep- ing Birch, and the effect of the whole is striking. After a hurried run through the gardens, the party wended their way up a part of the west approach, where were numerous fine specimens of Tsuga Mertensiana, Tsuga canadensis, Abies mag- nifica, Sequoia gigantea, and another beautiful speci- men pendulous Spruce, distinctly different from the one in the main drive before referred to. The company were conducted to an avenue, where they saw the most interesting sight of the day, viz., grand specimens of Sequoia gigantea, Abies Doug- lasii, and Tsuga Mertensiana, and a view of much beauty from the Ivy-bridge. Perhaps the finest specimens seen during the day was on the heathery knoll above this bridge, viz., a specimen of Abies lasiocarpa (? Lowiana), probably the finest in Scot- land. The estate nursery was then visited, and the party were shown many seedling beds of Pseudotsnga Douglasii, probably 1,000.000, grown from seeds gathered on the estate. Many thousands of Abies nobilis, ranging from 2J to 4 feet high, were here lined out. NORTH OF SCOTLAND APIARIAN. The prize schedule of this Society has now been issued. There are twenty classes, with fifty-tbree prizes, including ten specials for ladies. The High- land and Agricultural Society presents two Silver Medals for the neatest and best display of honey, and the best collection of hives and bee furniture respectively. An attractive feature of the exhibi- tion, which is to be held within the show enclosure of the Royal Horticultural Society of Aberdeen on August 17, 18, and 19 next, will be a bee-driving competition. The schedule may be had from the Secretary, Mr. A. M. Byres, C.A., Bridge Street, Aberdeen. Vegetables. — Average Retail Prices. Markets. COVENT GARDEN, July 13. [We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the sub- joined reports. They are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations do not represent the prices on any particular day, but only the general averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples, the supply in the market, and the demand; and they fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day, Ed. 1 Market well supplied, with a brisk trade doing. Large supplies of Grapes; more than equal to the demand. JaTties Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, Plants ih Pots.— average Wholesale Prices. Adiantum, per dor. 6 Aspidistra, per doz. 15 — specimen, each 7 Balsams, per doz. 4 Companula, per doz. 6 Calceolaria, per doz. 4 Cockscombs, per doz. 4 Crassula, per doz. ...18 Cyperua, per dozen 4 Dracaena, each ... 1 Ferns, various, doz. 4 Ferns, small, per 100 4 Ficus elastica, each 1 Foliage plants, doz.12 Fuchsia, per doz. ... 6 d. i. d. 0-12 0 0-30 0 6-21 0 0-6 0 0-12 0 0-6 0 0-6 0 0-42 0 0-10 0 0-6 0 0- 9 0 0-8 0 6-7 6 0-42 0 0-9 0 Heliotrope, per doz. 4 Hydrangea, per doz.12 Ivy Geranium, doz. 4 Lilium Harrisii ...18 — lancefolum, dz.12 Lobelia, per doz. ... 3 Marguerite, per doz. 6 Mignonette, per doz. pots 4 Musk, per doz 2 Nasturtiums, p. doz. 4 Palms, various, each 2 — specimens, eachlO Pelargonium, p. doz. 6 — scarlet, p. doz. 3 d. $, d. 0-6 0 0-24 0 0-6 0 0-30 0 0-18 0 0-6 0 0-12 0 0- G 0 0-4 0 0-6 0 0-10 0 6-84 0 0-12 0 0-6 0 Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. Arum, per doz. bl. ... 2 Aster (French), bun. 1 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 Calceolaria, doz. bun. 4 Carnation, doz. bun. 4 — dozen blooms 1 Cornflower, 12 bun. 1 EuchariB, per dozen 3 Gardenia, per dozen 1 Heliotrope, per doz. sprays 0 Lilium lane i folium, p. doz. blooms 2 — Harrisii, p.doz. 2 Maiden Hair Fern, 12 bunches ... 4 Marguerite, p. doz. bunches 1 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 Myosotis, 12 bunches 2 d. t.d. 0-4 0 6-2 0 6- 1 0 0-6 0 0-9 0 0-3 0 0-3 0 0-4 0 0-3 0 3 0 6 0-4 0 0-5 0 0-6 0 6-3 0 0-4 0 0-3 0 Pansy, per doz. bun. 1 Orchids ; — Cattleya, 12 trims. 6 Odontoglossum crispum,12blms. 3 Pelargoniums, scar- let, p. 12 bun. 3 — 12 sprays ... 0 Poppy, doz. bunches 1 Primula, dble. p. bun. 0 Pyrethrum, 12 bun. 2 Roses, doz. bunches 3 — Tea, per dozen 0 — coloured, dozen 2 — yellow (Mare- chals),per doz. 1 — red, perdozen.,. 1 Stocks, per bunch ... 0 Sweet Sultan, 12bun. 2 Tuberose, 12 blms. 0 t.d. 2 0 0-6 0 0-6 0 6-0 9 6-4 0- 6- 1 0 0-4 0 0-8 0 6-2 0 0-4 0 6-6 0 0-16 4-0 6 0-4 0 4-0 6 Orchid-bloom in variety. Frdit.— Average Wholesale Prices. t.d. t.d. Cherries, half-sieve, 4 0-12 0 Currants, black, Jsve. 4 3-46 — red, do. ... 16 2 0 Cobs, per 100 lb Gooseberries, half-sve. 16-20 Grapes, per lb. ... 1 0- 2 0 t.d. t.d. Lemons, per ease ...12 O-20 0 Peaches, per doz. ... 3 0-90 Pine-apples, St. Mi- chael 2 0-50 Oranges, per case ...20 0-30 0 Strawberries, per lb. 0 3-16 t. d. t. d. Beans, French, lb. ... 16-20 Beet, red, per doze* 2 0-30 Carrots, per bunch... 0 4-06 Cauliflowers, each... 0 3-06 Cucumbers, each ... 0 4-08 Endive, per dozen ... 2 0-30 Herbs, per bunch ... 0 9-10 Lettuces, per doz. ... 16-20 a. u Mushrooms, punnet 2 0 Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 4 Parsley per bunch... 0 3 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- Tomatos, per lb. .. n Turnips, per bunch.. d.t.d. 4- 1 0 0 6 POTATOS. Our markets are now being rather better supplied with home-grown proiuce. The Scotch tubers also have made their appearance, and these are very good in size and quality, but are not mature, the skin being rather tender for travelling long distances loose in a truck. Prices :— English, £5 to £8 Scotch, £5 10s. to £6 10s.; Jersey and French, £5 to £7; J. B. Thomas. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices at the principal metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, prime, 135s. to 160s.; do., inferior, 105s. to 120s.; hay, best, 135s. to 160s. ; do., inferior, 105s. to 120s. ; and straw, 38s to 50s. per load. I By the term " accumulated temperature" is meant the aggregate amount, as well as the duration, of degrees of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result is expressed in Day* degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours J Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Sum. 1? is fc-M !»» » ft «> lib +& El 1* Accumulated. a s . .— - a> ii 9; SS o V o a '3 0D ■ an as >■ ' Is o 6 2 CO a 0} « o a '3 $ 1 a ■ &i ° •-. ®.2 60'*- 3 2 . I. "1 si cj;rt g o 3 f 3 a 8 O « 1 M O . — M O ® Si *® M » a o . a o co » 3 h > P 3 a » - * "a » ■4 « H ■M Day- Day- Day- Day- 10t.h» deg. deg. deg. deg. Inch. Ins. 0 6 + 125 0 + 395 — 57 3 — 109 190 28 27 1 2 + 116 0 + 266 _ 21 0 aver 89 11-6 21 33 3 1 + 121 0 + 288 _ 62 12 + 75 97 31 37 3 4 + 165 0 + 367 — 37 1 — 73 7-9 59 45 t 6 + 166 0 + 488 — 47 1 + 74 86 47 43 6 5 + 163 0 + 416 — 43 2 + 70 8'5 59 46 6 5 + 139 0 + 382 — 63 2 + 89 163 39 37 7 6 + 158 0 + 487 — 91 1 + 77 1T3 47 38 B 5 + 155 0 + 630 — 70 4 + 72 128 42 49 9 i + 132 0 + 412 — 104 4 — 91 129 30 31 to 4 + 141 0 + 447 - 100 0 aver 83 140 35 36 » 4 + 154 0 + 600 — 62 5 + 76 104 47 56 The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following ;— 0, Scotland, N. Principal Wheat-producing District*— 1, Scotland, E.; 2, England, N.E. : 3. England. K. ; 4, Midland Counties; 5, England, including London, S. Principal Grazing, 8[C,, Districts — 6, Scotland, W. ; 7, England, N.W. ; 8, England, S.W, ; 9, Ireland, N. ; 10. Ireland, S. ; * Channel Islands. Notices to Correspondents. Bones : J. H. J. The quickest method of dissolving bones is to place them in a cement, stone, or slate tank, and to pour sulphuric acid over them. Books : X. Oliver's Lessons in Elementary Botany (Macmillan). or Masters' Botany for Beginners, and Plant Life (Bradbury, Agnew & Co.)— D. E. Ed. Newman's Illustrated Natural History of British Moths. It was published by W. Tweedie, 337, Strand, in 1869. Cabnations : Sent in Tin Box. The flake variety, No. 3, has several equals in colour, but we know nothing of its habit, vigour, or weakness of growth, or if it is free. The others are no better than existing varieties, and good only for the borders. July 15, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 75 Chrysanthemum : /. D. The leaves are very robust, and it would seem that manure-water or other had been afforded them in excess. Why one suffers and another escapes may be due to better drainage and greater leaf surface, or to some more resisting power in those varieties that are unaffected. There is no fungus. — T. J. A. The plants have not re- covered from the stopping of the shoots, the hot weather exercising an injurious effect on them after the operation ; moreover, the stopping has been very severe. Get the plants to grow freely, and do not be lavish in the use of manures, of which you may know nothing as regards their constituents. Cracking op Pears : Munches. This is due to the action of a fungus, Fusicladium pirinum. Try the Bordeaux Mixture, it may prevent the fungus spreading to sound fruits. Cucumbers : T. W. W., Hants. The appearance of the leaves sent, and your account of the symp- toms of ill-health, show that the plants are suffer- ing from an invasion of eel-worms. Kindly send up some roots, fruit, &c, from the worst plants for inspection. Fly on Orchids : J. B. M. Can you send specimens for examination? Fuchsia : W. J. The plants have, we fear, been crippled at the points of the shoots by insects — probably red-spider or thrip, although none was observed on those Bent. Fungus on Tuber of Anemone hobtensis: W. A. C. Reference to the Gardeners' Chronicle. May 28, 1887, p. 712, will show that a certain Peziza, now called Sclerotina tuberosa, is often to be found amongst plants of Anemone, with the stems of the fungus rising out of black masses of sclero- ti n in, in form and size just resembling the rhizomes of Anemone. It has been contended that these black bodies are not independent organisms, but veritable rhizomes, converted into masses of fungus mycelium, called from their compact nature, sclerotium. The conversion taking place in manner analogous to the conver- sion of the ovaries of grasses into ergot. This view is opposed by some mycologists, who con- tend that the masses of sclerotium resemble the rhizomes in size and form only, and are net developed from them. Our own opinion is in favour of the former interpretation, which is sup- ported by some Anemone rhizomes now sent to us for examination. In this case they are invested with a white mycelium, which entirely absorbs the vigour of the rhizomes ; and it appears feasible to suppose that the investment heralds the absorp- tion of the whole cellular interior of the rhizomes, and its replacement by a more compact inter- mediate fungus stratum, which eventually gives rise to the Feziza figured at the above place. Direct evidence of the truth of this theory may be obtained by permitting the transformation to proceed, and watching for the advent of the mature fungus in the Anemone bed, after a period of rest. The whole subject of the development of perfect fungi, Hymenomycetal, and Ascomycetal, from forms of sclerotium, has received consider- able attention of late years, and the presumption is strongly in favour of the sclerotia being deve- loped at the expense of the absorbed tissue in the rhizomes of Anemone. M. C. C. Grapes : Subscriber, WorJcsop. To ensure the set- ting of the flowers next season, it would be advisable to procure pollen from some free-setting variety — Sweetwater, Black Hamburgh, or other, and use this by means of a camel's- hair pencil or hare's-foot, just after the flowers of the shy- setter have opened. It is certainly unnecessary to keep a mulch of manure on the vinery the year round — in fact, unless the soil is very light, it would be better to employ a very light mulch in the summer, heavy mulches tending to keep the ground too cool for the roots of the Vine. Grapes : G. S. .The "spot," Glffiosporium Iseticolor, figured in a recent number of the Gardeners' Chronicle. Names of Fruit : G. S. Mitchelson's Plum. Names of Plants: W. 1, Kalmia angustifolia ; 2, Liriodendron tulipiferum, Tulip tree ; 3, Apinm graveolens, wild Celery ; 4, Lychnis alpina, double ; 5. Alstromeria, garden variety ; 6, Eryngium alpinum. — J. Wakeham. Fraxinus Ornus.— J. T. L. Lomatia ferruginea. — Eobt. Owen. Stigma- phjllon littorale, an ornamental climber, figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 6623. — R. H. S, Campa- nula lati folia, two forms. — E. D.L. 1, Rubus odora- tus ; 2, Calamintha grandiflora; 3, Lysimachia stricta ; 4. Eriogonum umbellatum ; 5, Silene Saxi- fraga. — W. M. Jones. 1, Avena flavescens; 2, Arrhenatherum avenaceum ; 3, Lolium temulen- tum ; 4, Bromus sterilis ; 5, Aira cajspitosa ; 6, Agrostis alba ; 7, Carex coespitosa ; 8, Carduus lanceolatus ; 9, Bromus mollis ; 10, Carduus nutans; 11, C. arvensis ; 12, C. paluntris; 13, Crepis virens ; 14, Daucus Carota ; 15, Vicia cracca ; 16, Heracleum Sphondylium. Another time send six only ; our time and space are precious, and the plants you send are of little horticultural interest. H. E., Christchurch. Cattleya labiata Gaskelliana is one of the most variable forms of the type. Your No. 1 is a pretty light form, and not common ; 2 and 3 are ordinary varieties; 4 is Laelia crispa, often called Cattleya crispa in gardens. Your golden Adiantum is a very singular plant. — G. Cooper. Olea fragrans and Phyllanthus nivosus variegatus. — R.B. 1, Lobelia; 2, Alonsoa incisa ; 3, Lonicera fragrantissima ; 4, Agros- temma coronaria. — H. Pollard. 1, Davallia cana- densis ; 2, Aspidium coriacenm; 3, Asplenium bulbiferum, barren frond ; 4, A. bulbiferum, fertile frond. Peach Mildew : M. M. The gumming is due to the attack of Peach mildew (see fig. 17). Flit. 17— PEACH MILDEW HIGHLY MAGNIFIED. A, B, C, hairs of the Peach ; D— H, the fungus in various stages. Peach Trees Failing to Set their Flowers in Peacbery : A'. Y. Z. The trees require lifting and replanting in a border of new materials, and as you say the trees are large and healthy, it is worth the labour involved. Make early prepara- tions, and lift the trees when the foliage is fully matured. Pelargoniums : Reader. We cannot undertake to name florist's varieties. Prunus Pissardi Fruits: J. G. The fruits are rather acid, but, like those of Prunus Myroba- lana, which come over to this country from abroad, they are fit for tarts, &c. Standard Goosebebries and Currants: A. S. Some- times budded or grafted, but more generally raised from cuttings. They can be obtained at the proper season at some of the best nurseries. Price about £1 per dozen, according to age. Sweet Pea, variety Emily Henderson : H. L. It is a good white blossom, and the fragrance,- to our thinking, is no stronger than that of any other variety. Ventilation : Thirty Years' Reader. Provided the houses which you intend to put together are under 10 feet in height, side ventilation may be dis- pensed with ; but we should suppose it to be desirable to have occasional ventilators placed in the brick walls that will form the sides and ends of the collection of houses of greater height than this. Communications Received.— E. C— B. W.— H. H. D'O.— T. T.— W. Sowerby— W. D.-F. T.— H. H. D.— B. W.— — M. C. C— J. D.— W. H.— Lecteur.— E. T. C— Sutton & Son.— M. T.— R. A. R — H. W. W— J. J. W.— Merryweather & Sons — Dr. Kriinzlin. Berlin. — S. Mottet, Paris. — A. D W.-D. T. F.— W. & N.— A. H. K.— J. B.— A. S. M. —J. K. — R. W. H., Adelaide.— Wills A Segar.- Messrs. Low. —Secretary. Wood Green Horticultural Society.— W. B. H. — C A. M. C— M. T.— A. List.— E. M.— H. M.— J. H. V.— J. F. McL— C. W. D— B. W.— W. W.— N. E. B.— A. C. F. J. W. M. Coombe.— Igoorant. Photographs Received, with Thanks.— Wills & Segar (4).— Veitch & Son, ExeUr.— B. W. Haokett, Adelaide.— R. H., Swaylands. X^4H JAS. BOYD & SONS, Horticultural Builders and Heating Engineers, PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every description , in either Wood or Iron, or both combined. Wooden Chapels, Shooting Lodges, Cottages, Tennis Courts, Verandahs, &o. Hot^ water Apparatus for warming Churches, Schools, Public Buildings, Mansions, Harness Rooms, Drying Rooms, Hothouses, and Buildings of every Description. Illustrated Circulars Post-fret. Complete Catalogue. 3s. GREAT REDUCTION in FRAMES OUR WELL-KNOWN MAKE. l-light 4 ft. by 6 ft. . . a „ 8 ft. by 6 ft. . . 3 „ 12 ft. by 6 ft... 4 „ 16 ft. by 6 ft... 5 „ 20 ft. by 6 ft... 6 „ 24 ft. by 6 ft. . . £ s. d. ■2 0 0 :s 0 0 i 2 6 5 5 0 6 7 6 7 10 0 R. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. These Frames are made of the Best Materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by anyone. Sizes and Prices, Glazed and Painted. * CASH PRICES, CARRIAGE PAID. Larger sizes at proportionate prices. HALLIDAY & CO., ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS. MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. London Agent, Mj-.H.Skelton, Seedsman, 4c, 2, Hollo way Rd.,N. GLASS I CHEAP GLASS I In Stock Sizes. lS-oz., per 100ft., 8s. 6d. 21-oz., „ 11j. 9d 1$ X 3 Prepared Sash Bar at 5s. per 100 feet. Paints and Varnishes at Uw Prices. Flooring, 5/9 per square ; Matching, 4/9 : 2x4, at id. per foot run ; 2x7 at Id. Horticultural Work of all descriptions. Ironmongery, &o. CATALOGUES Free. THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 72. BlSHOPSGATK STREET WITHIN. LONDON, E.G. PICTURESQUE NATURALISTIC ROCK FORMATION, ( 12x10, 18x12, 18X14,24X14 ■{ 14x12,20X12,18x16,24x16 • I 16X12, 16X14, 20X16, 24x18, Ac. W FERNERIES Durability i CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 20,000 of the Nobility, Gentry, and Cleray, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt. and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non- Poisonous Paint for Ioside of Conservatories, Ac. Prices. Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free. Grove Works, Lombard Road, Battersea, London, S.W. ; and BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN. 76 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jcly 15, 1893. POTTER'S WIKE-ARMOURED HOSE. Prices of tJU-feet leDgths (tilted with Brass Nozzle, Branch Pipe, Rose, and Jet), ARMOURED. The Fxcelsior Wire-armoured Hose secures a perfect grip, will not uncoil when cut at any part, stands enormous pressure, an1 wears for years. Piam. PRICES. s. d. S-in. best quality ... 36 3 „ extra stout quality 43 7 „ best quality 45 0 t,, extra stout quality 52 0 4 ,, best quality 52 0 ,, extra stout quality 60 7 PLAIN. Unkinlcable smooth surface Hoe, will rot crack, is made of pure rubber and canvas. Quality guaranted. Diana. PRICES. s. d. J-in. specially cheap ... 19 3 £ ,, best quality ... 21 5 k i, extra stout quality 27 5 I ,, best quality ... 28 0 | ,, extra stout quality 33 0 best quality ... 33 0 , extra stout quality 40 10 Carnage paid, and dispatched same day as ordered. Awarde i 10 Gold and Silver Medals. Oldest and most reliable house in the trade. Also maker of Hose for Delivery, Steam, Fire, Suction, Liquid Manures, &c. Over 3,000.000 feet in use. Catalogues of above and all kinds of Belting, Rocfing Felts, &c, post-free from— A. POTTER, Melbourne Work-t, Wolverhampton ; and London Works, Reading. Maker to Her Majesty the Queen, and H.R.H. The Prince of Wales. 3J«.md15otrOREIGM,of Abovfc dies, inbo«j of 100 F«*U 200 feet super. ENGLISH GImas, cut to truyera1 sizes , &/t lowest -price© Utlwe-rcd free, ^Jct/nd in the country, »n qua-ntity. fyfoff' bA^RlS =£ ^£ ?F y'LI-Gliressv,re upon our space at this season of the year is so great, we are compelled to state that advertisements received after 6 P.M. on Wednesday will, in all probability, be held over to the next week. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &e. DICKSON S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, are always in a position to RECOMMEND MEN of the highest respectability, an 1 thoroughly practical at their busi- ness. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address— " DICKSONS. Chfstkb." FS A N D E R and CO. can reoommend • several highly qualified and energetic HEAD and UNDER GARDENERS, of excellent character, and proved ability; men thoroughly fitted for all the various duties of their profession. For all particulars, please apply to — F. SANDER AKD CO.. St. Albans. RICHARD SMITH and <7o~. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars. &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN HORTI- CULTURE.— The Advertiser having completed his en- gagement with the Norfolk County Council, is open to give further courses in Horticulture. Numerous Testimonials and Press Notices can be furnished.— THOMAS B1JNYARD, 40, Warrior Square, St. LeanardVon Sea. MR. ALFRED LODGE, who has recently resigned Charge of Brougham Hall Gardens. Penrith, after sixteen years' service, begs to announce t^at he is now open for an engagement. He is thoroughly qualified in every branch of the profession, and can produce most excellent testi- monials. Married, no family ; life abstainer. — Address, Cliburn, Penriih. C"1 ARDENER (Head), in a good establish- X ment. — Age 3>>, married.no family; twenty-four years' experience in all branches, also Landscape Work. Well recommended. — F. ALLARD, West Malvern, Worcestershire. GARDENER (Head). — Age 44, married. Long practical experience in the Management of good Establishments. — Highest references, and ten years* character from last employer. — H. COOK, Lincoln Road, Dorking. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept.— Age 40, married, no family ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Life experience. Good references from present and previous employers.— W., 48, Oakfield Road, Penge. G^ ARDENER (Head); age 29. — Mr. J. A SIMMS, Gardener and Bailiff, Kingswood Lodge, can strongly recommend a good practical all-round man as above. Good references. — UNDERY, Kingswood Lodge, Eoglefield Green, Surrey. GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— Thoroughly conversant with every Depart- ment of Gardening; also Farm and Estate. Twenty years' experience; highly recommended. — W. M. GEDDES, Thrumpton Hall, Derby. GARDENER (Head Working); age 30; twelve years' experience in good Gardens. Good refer- ences — W. L.. 5. Little Elm Place, Fulham Road, London, S. W. GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 28, single ; fourteen years' practical experience both Inside and Out, in large establishments. Good character. — GARDENER, 3, Grove Terrace, Church End, Finchley, N. GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 26, married.— Mr. Louth, gardener to G. R. Burness, Esq., Lyndile Park, Faversharu, will be pleased to recommend David Savage to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good experienced and trustworthy man. GARDENER (Head Wohking).— Age 42. married, no family; experienced in Vines, Cucumbers, Melons, Tomatos, Mushrooms, Stove and Greenhouse Pliuts, Fruit. Flower, and Kitchen Gardens, Early and Late Forcing. Twenty-five years' experience, seventeen as Head. Good re- ferences.—F. PAY, Hawks Hill, Bourne End, Maidenhead, Berks. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 27, married when suited ; fourteen years' experience. Thoroughly up in all branches. Fruits, Flowers, and Vege- tables, also first-class Rose Grower, and Staging for Exhibi- tion. Can be highly recommended.— HENRY WELLER, 1, Alpha Cottage, Feltham Hill Road, Ashford, Middlesex. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33, married, small family; twenty years' good all-round experience. Three years' character. — W. Howard, 4, Achilles Road, West Hampstead, N.W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 31. Single at present; Experienced in Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Girden. Two years' good character from previous employer.— A. NEAL, Hambledon, Godalming, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working) where more are kept —Middle Age, Married, no Family ; Lif* Ex- perience. Forcing Grapes, Peaches, Melons. Cucumber. Stove, Greenhou-e Plants. Flower, Kitchen Garden. Gond Personal Character.— A. B., 1, Vine Cottage, Sunninghill Village, Ascot, Berks. GJARDENER (Head " Wohking).— Age 29, M married, no family; well up in Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse, and Fruit, and Table Decoration. Would suit where chiefly Glass. Good characters.— M. B , 6, Brigstock Parade, Thornton Heath. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 48, single; would be pleised to engage with any Lady or Gentleman, where a good practical man is required to grow both Ea^Iy and Late Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers; very successful with Grapes and Peaches. Good Testimonials, with good Reference alo.— A. G„ 3, Grove .Terrace, Churchend, Finchley. Middlesex. GARDENER (Head Working).— Fourteen years' experience in Greenhouse and Stove Plants, Fruit, Flower and Kicclien Gardens. Excellent character. — WELLS, Mr. Davis. Bridge House. South Streatham. S W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32. Seventeen years' practical experience in all bram-he* < f the profession. Can be well recommended as to character ai,d abilities.— H. J. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. GARDENER (Head Working), or ORCHID GROWER.— Married, no family; strongly recommended by late employer. Understands the Cultivation of Oichids and Hybridising same; also understands Stove and Green- house Plants, Fruit, Flowers, and Kitcaen Garden, Early and Late Forcing.— C, Mr. May, The Lodge, Oakfield, Eden Park, Beckeuham. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32, married. Experienced in all branches, under Glass und Outside. Good character as Head, personal if des:red. — W. H., 363, King street, Hammersmith, W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32; practical knowledge of every branch of the profession. Understands all the requirementsof Gentlemen'n Gardens, and the management of men. Excellent references.— S. B , Park Gate Gardens, Wartling, Hastings. GARDENER (Head), or FOREMAN (General), in a large Establishment. — Age 31, married ; high references.— W. E., Cotswold Lodge, Hencroft Street, Slough. G~ARDENER (Head, or good Single"- handed). — Ag* 25. married; twelve years' experience in good places.— H. SMITH, 3, Frith Road, Croydon. ARDENER (Head, or good Single- handed). — Age 30. Pecommended as a good ard competent Garnener. Character will bear strictest investi- gation.—A. BOOKER, 59, Ringford Road, West Hill, Wantk- worth, S.W. GARDENER (Single-handed, or Second). — Age 27, married. Good references. — H. LANE, 4, Castle Place, Wellington Road, Hounslow. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where Two are kept; aged 26, single. — Experienced in Green- house, Flower, and Kitchen Garden. Fourteen years' experi- ence. Good character. — The Lodge, Addington Park, Croydon, Surrey. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Cow or Pony not objected to, or to look after Cows and BBsist in Garden. Good references.— W., Mr. C. Webb's, Calworth, Banbury, Oxon. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 23, single; has a good knowledge of Stove, Tomatos, Melons, Grapes, Greenhouse, Flower, and Kitchen Garden ; from large establishment; good references. — GARDENER, Arkley Hall, High Barnet, Herts. GARDENER (cmngle-handed). — Age 26, married when suited; well reconmendtd by Mr. Bird, Heid Girdener.— H. D., 32, South Croxted Riad, West Du'wich, S.E. July 15, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 79 GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 24, eingle. Lifetime experience in Flowers Fruit, Vege- tables. &.Q. No objection to make himself useful in any otner way, if required. Good references ; state wages.— K. G„ 1, College Terrace. Church End, Finchley. GARDENER. — Has had charge of Large Gardens; experienced in Flowers and Fruit under Glass, wishes permanent employment as Head Gardener. Highest references.— G. S., Hextable, Kent. GARDENER; aged 42. Four children.— A GENTLEMAN wiBhes to find a situation for his late gardener, two-and-a-half years' character.— W. E. TALLENTS, Esq., Carltonon-Trent. Newark. GARDENER.— A Lady recommends her Gar- dener. Has teen in present situation for many years. Thoroughly understands Conservatories, Stoves. Peach, Melon- houses.— Box 10, B. WHEELER, Manchester. GARDENER (Second), where three or more are kept— Age 21. Twelve years' experience; good characters from pa»t employers. — G. L., 121, Shardeloes Boid, New Cross, S.I. GARDENER (Second), where four or more are kept.— Age 24; well experienced, Inside and Out. Mr. Gibson will recommend a young man as above.— A. STREET. Greenlane, Amptield, Rorcsey. GARDENER (Second), in a Private Estab- lishment.—Age 25. married ; well experienced, both Inside and Out. Three years' good character from last place. Dis- engaged. Total abstainer. - L. PLAW, Hascombe, near Godalming, Surrey. ^ GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). —Nine years' character— W. HORN, Warren Farm, Kingswood, Epsom. GARDENER (Second). — Age 26 ; twelve years' good character from excellent situj.1 ions Thoroughly experienced Inside and Out. — S. B., 5. High Street, Swanley Junction, Kent. GARDENER (Under), where two or three are kept.— Inside and Out. Good reference. Bothy preferred.-W. J. BRITTAIN, 2. Britwell Cottages, Burnham, Bucks. GARDENER (Under).— Age 24, single; seeks a situation in Kitchen and Flower Garden. Good experience. Good character. State wages.— K., Post Office, Faygite. GARDENER (Under).— Mr. Thomson, Gardener, Easneye Park. Ware. Herts, can recommend a young man (age 22) for Inside or Inside and Out. Nine years' good experience. . G~ ARDENER (Under), Inside or Out.— Mr. T BRIDGWATER, Aston House Gardens. Stevenage. Herts, will be pleased to recommend H. Raines, who has been with him two years, as above. GARDENER (Under) ; age 23.— The Ad- vertiser is desirous of obtaining a situation in a good establishment, where he would be able to improve himself, both under Glass and Outside. Nearly three years in present situation. Can be highly recommended by present employer. Bothy preferred.— A. S., Carshalton House, Surrey. GARDENER (Third, or otherwise).— Age 23 ; eight years Inside and Out. Three years' excel- lent recommendation. Near London preferred.— A. HUNTLEY, 15, Princs's Road, Kingston-on-Thamea. GARDENER and COACHMAN.— Willing to be useful ; age 35, married. Five years' first-class character. — J AMES BISHOP. 53, Burrard Road, West Hempstead. . GARDENER and GROOM.— Age 31, married ; good driver ; thoroughly understands Poultry and Milk- ing ; good character and reference — E. C, 8, Castle Street, Aylesbury, Bucks. GARDENER and HANDY MAN (Single- handep or otherwise), excellent personal character from last employer.— G., 24. Elspeth Road, Lavender Hill, S.W. MANAGER, or FOREMAN. — Age 28 ; Vines, Tomatos, Cucumbers. Plants, Cut Flowers, Terns, 4c— H. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. MANAGER, SALESMAN, or FOREMAN GROWER.— Age 38; well up in ail brarc'ies of the Trade, Fruit, Flowers. Wreaths, 4c— PALMER, 103. Boiling- brook Grove, Wandsworth Common, S.W. MANAGER, or FOREMAN.— Some years Manager of a large London Nursery. Experienced in all branches of Horticulture. Also well up in taking Contracts for laying out new grounds. 4c Would travel if required. — C. II. C, 22, Lower Lawn Road, Hampstead, S.W. TO THE TRADE. — MANAGER, FORE- MAN and SALESMAN, sge 30. single ; fifteen years' ex- perience in all branches. Could take journey. First-class references.— J. WINSER, Brookside. Ascot. Berks. ROSE GROWER.— Inside or Out, either for Exhibition or otherwise. Has been twelve years Rose Foreman to Messrs. Jno. Jefferies & Son. Royal Nurseries, Cirencester. — A. CONEY, 42, Watermoor Road, Cirencester. ROSE GROWER, or PROPAGATOR of Hardy Trees. Shrubs. Coniferse, Clematis, &c. Has been twelve years Foreman to Mr. Prince, Oxford, and under- stands Seedling Briar and all other Rose Stocks.— S. C. LEY, Loogworth. Faringdon, Berks. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN GROWER.— Age 28; well up in Market and Cut Flower Trade. Good references. - G. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To Nurserymen and Florists. FOREMAN and fROPAGA'l OR.— Twenty- five years' practical experience in the Cultivation of Plants and Cut Flowera. Coul.l take entire Management if required. Good Salesman.— G. PESTRIDGE. 5. Beale Street, Lower Edmonton. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— Age 29, married. Well up in Carnations, Ro*es, Cucumbers, Tomatos. and all Choice Flowers, for Market. Life experience ; good character; abstainer.— A. JOHNSON, Swauhurst, Mill Road, Hampton Hill, S.W. FOREMAN, in good establishment. — Age 27 ; life experience in all branches in leadicg establishments. Highest testimonials. Abstainer. — H. WKLSON, Spring Bank, Severn Stoke, Worcester. FOREMAN PROPAGATOR. — Age 35; abstainer. Grower of Ro^es. Carnations, Bouvardias, Bulbs, Lilies, first-class Forcer of Winter Bloom, and Grower of all kinds of Market Produce. Good Salesman and Floral Decorator.— WM. SMITH, 42, Beresford Road, Cardiff. FjOREMANj age 25.— Mr. C. J. Salter, can strongly recommend A. H. Nicholts. Ten years' experience in Plant and Fruit Growing.— The Gardens. Wood- hatch Lodge, Reigate. FOREMAN (Wobkixg), in a Nursery.— Thoroughly understands Growing Roses. Fruit Trees, &c. Inside and Out Excellent references.— BAKER, The Gardens, Stanmore, Middlesex. OREMAN, Inside.— Age 27; ten years' experience in plant and fruit-houses. Good references. —GEO. THOMPSON, Park Gatehouse, Westwell, Ashford, Kent. FOREMAN, Inside, where three or four are kept, in a large establishment. — Age 26, single; twelve years' experience in Stove plant. Fruit Growing, Early and Late Forcing Tab'e Decorations, &c— J, S., 9, Clabor Mews, Cadogan Square, S.W. FOREMAN (or Department), in Private Place. — Age 21. Ten years' experience in Plant an 1 Fruit Growing and Conservatory Decoration. Good references — Bothy preferred.— SECOND. 20. King street, Chelsea, S.W. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR. — Soft- wooded Market Stuff, Ferns. Palms. Cut Flowers, and Floral Arrangements.— K., ('• irdeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W C. FOREMAN, in a good Establishment. — Age 28; practicil exp°rience in all branches. — Mr. P, lUn- FORp. Straffan House Gardens, Straffau Station, co. Kildare, Ireland, recommends his late Foreman, Alfred Wood, as above, to anyone requiring a thorough good mm. PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Pot and Cut Plant". Bouvardias, Ferns. Palms, &c, Cucumber, Tomatos. Sec. Many years in Market Nurseries.— F. Spary, 15, Pentlow Street, Putney, S.W. FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good establishment. — Age 25 ; excellent references. — J. FRANCIS, Church Street, Madeley, near Salop. JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good estab- lishment.— Age 22; three years' good reference.— 1>, H. PERRIf.. Kake Hill. East Liss, Hants. JOURNEYMAN.— AgeT 20 ; four years' ex- perience. One year in last situation, three in previou*. Good character from last and previous employeis. Bothy — A. HINCHLIFFE. Killsmarsh. Cawthorne. Barnsley. JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good private Establishment.— Age 24. Six years' practical experience in three places, and four years previous in good gardens. — H. HILLS. Hartwell Garden. Hart field. Sussex. JOURNEYMAN (First), or FOREMAN.— Age 25; twelve years' experience in gooi Gardens Well recommended.— HEAD GARDENER, Iron Mills, Miochin- bampton, Glo*. JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— Age 23; eight years' thorough good practical experience. First-class references. — H. S., Kingswood Gardens, EDglefield Green, Egham, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN (Good). — Age 24; height 5 feet II inches ; ten years' excellent character from first- class private places.— E. H., 5, Lullingstone Villas, Swanley Junction, Kent. JOURNEYMAN.— Inside, or Inside and Out, by an energetic young man (age 23). with five years' experience and reference. — MANSBRIDGE, 2, Penfold Cottages, Lion Street. Bexley Heath, S.E. IMPROVER.— Situation wanted in a Gentle- man's Garden as above. Age 17 ; three years' experience Inside and Out— H. Stackt, The Gardens, Mongewell, Wallingford, Berks. IMPROVER. — Advertiser can thoroughly re- commend a strong, active lad (age 18). for a Gentleman's Garden.— J. D. B0 VINGTON, Fairmile Hatch, Cobham, Surrey. TO HEAD GARDENERS, &o.— Situation wanted in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden, to learn the profession ; or in a good Nursery Garden ; age 19 ; small saaryto tegin with ; good references.— W. DIGGLE, Outwell, Wisbech. TO GARDENERS, &c— Situation wanted by a Young Man (age 28), to assist in Houses. Nursery, or Gentleman's Garden. Used to Vines. Twelve years' reference. — H. BRIDGES, Powick, Worcester. TO GARDENERS.— Wanted, by a young man, in his 19th year, a situation in a Gentleman's Garden. Good knowledge of Lawn and Kitchen Garden. Bjthy, or otherwise. Four years' experience.— H. MOLES, Stanbury, Reading. TO MARKET NURSERYMEN and OTHERS. — Wanted situation, under Glass (age 22). strong, active and obliging, with excellent character. — T. DEXNON, Wartling. Hastings. TO MARKET NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted by a young man (age 23) in the House*. Several years experience in Cut Flowers. Pot Plant*, aud Tomatos. Good reference.— A. M , 26. Martin's Road, Bromley, Kent. TO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted as X ASSISTANT PROPAGATOR, well up in Roses, Rhodo- dendrons, Clematis, and general Hardy Propagating, Good Budder and Grafter. Five years' good character.— C. A. S., 12. Cambridge Street, Prescot, near Liverpool. TO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted as A INDOOR WORKING FOREMAN. Fifteen ) ears' expe- rience. Good character for ability, Ac, from present and previous situations. Age 31.— S. B., Onslow Nurseries, Hailsham, Sussex. HTO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted, in -I- good Nursery. Good Plantsman. Used to Growing for Market. Well up in the Making of Wreaths, &c C W 6», Well Street, Riverside. Cardiff. T~~ 0 NURSERYMEN. — A young MAN (age 2!) wks situation in a Market Nursery. Well-up in the routine of all Market Wo'k. Two years' character. A. CANFIEI.D. 21, Montague Road. Swanley Junction. Kent. TO NURSERYMEN.-Situation wanted in a Market Nursery by an energetic Hand (age 23). Good references.— M , Lion Road Nurseries. Bexley Heath. S.E. TO NURSERYMEN, &c.-Situation wanted X by a Young Min cl.imenes longiflora ... 104 People's Palace. flower- Alpine garden, the— show at the 10li Campanula lactiilora... u Plants uew or note- Ash tree, weeping, ready worthy — for removal 87 Aglaonema rotundum. S6 Books, notices of — Caludium rubescens ... Sri Botanical Magazine ... S»8 ,, venosum... Rrl Orchid Review, the ... 97 Cypripedium x Clinkc- Camphor trade in For- berryanum ... 86 mosa »4 Lilium juponicum var. Carnations at Bookham 100 Alexandrte M „ at Messrs. J. Veiteh Polygonum sachnlinense & Sons' 100 as a forage plant ... w ,, at White Hart Line 100 Pruning, summer, of fruit Cattleya labiata Gaskel- trees 101 liana 99 Root-pruning of fruit Cistus, the genus 8S trees 1C2 Continent, a journey Rose budding 99 through the 87 Scotland — Examinations of the Fruit crops and the Royal Horticultural So- drought 88 ciety 104 Societies — Forage plant, a new ... SIB Chertsey, Walton, anil Frim crops, report on the Weybridge Hort. ... 105 condition of the HI Natioual Chrysanthe- Fruit, home-grown 85 mum (1! Hydrangea hortensis, a National Rose, Work- Hue 101 sop ion Indigofera Gerardinna ... 1U« Royal Caledonian Hor- Kew notes 87 ticultural 104 Lilies, hybrid Water- ... 98 Wolverhampton Horti- Mentoi.e products 98 cultural 105 Orchids at Fair - Oak Royal Horticultural ... 90 Lodge 100 Stocktaking : June ... 98 Orchids at Messrs. Seeger Week's work, the — &, Tropp's 99 Apiary, the 95 Orris root, attar of ro^e Flower gardeD, the ... 91 and vaDilla, production Fruits under glass „ 91 of 99 Hardy fruit garden 95 Patents 97 Kitchen garden, the ,. 95 Pea, which iBtheearlie t? 101 Orchid'houeefl, the „ 95 Plant portraits ILLU 99 3TF Plants under glass ,,, (ATION8. 111 Ash, a Weeping, ready for rem oval M Budding, illustrations of • • hi in ?fl Cypripeaiumx Clinkaberryam m M l>en<1robium fiiubriatutn oculat ura ... ... „, „, 97 Summer-pruning, illustrations of 101 , 103 "GARDENERS' CHRONICLE." LARGELY INCREA SED CIRCULATION. Important to Advertisers. — The Fullisher has the satisfaction of announcing that the circulation cfthe" Gardeners' Chronicle" has, lince the reduction in the price of the paper, Increased to the extent of 75 per cent. Advertisers are reminded that the "Chronicle" circulates among country gentlemen and ALL CLASSES OF GARDENERS AND GARDEN- LOVERS at home and abroad, and is preserved for reference in all the principal Libraries. ADVERTISERS will greatly assist our efforts to get to Press earlier, by forwarding their favours as EARLY IN THE WEEK as possible. STRAWBERRY PLANTS. — During the O drought we were favoured with 3 inches of rain, conse- quently our plants are green, and growing almost as tine as usual. Catalogue, post free, of all the best kinds. New varieties are very strong. Special prices for large quantities Col. Bbockman, Dodsley, Midhurst. says :— "The Straw- berries supplied by you are giving splendid results." H. CANNELL AND SONS, Swanley, Kent. ODONTOOLOSSUMS, Cattleyas, Cypripe- diums. &c, Is. each. Lists free. Try our " Basket-pots." Improved Orchid Baskets, Cylinders, &c. Samples three stamps each, free.— The " Shilling Orchid " Co., 131, Albion St., Leeds. For Present Sowing. SUTTON'S FLOWER of SPRING CABBAGE — The best Cabbage for Autumn Sowing. Comes very early in spring, produces finer hea^s than otherautumn-sowo Cabbages, and shows no disposition to run to seed. W. H. Q imble. Esq., Great Yarmouth, says: — "Your Flower of Spring became a Cabbage when other varieties were little better than greens." Price of Seed. Is. per ounce, post-free. BUTTONS' SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON and SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING. DAFFODILS for the MILLION.— Hartland's famous Irish-grown Bulbs now harvested. " Little Book," with exceedingly low prices, post-free. — HARTLAND, F R.H.S., Seedsman, Cork. Ireland. (Established, 1810). Sow now for early flowering In Spring. ROEMER'S SUPERB PRIZE PANSIES. [Jf The finest strain of Pansies in the World. ^ Introducer and Grower of all the leading Novelties. CATALOGUE, free on application. FRED. ROEMER. Seed Grower. Quedlinburg, Germany. BARB'S BULBS. — Autumn and "Winter- Fi.owERINO.- LISTS NOW READY of Beautiful Crocus sppcies. Autumn and Winter - (lowering, Autumn Meadow Saffrons. Cyclamen, Guernsey and Belladonna Lilies, White Roman Hyacinths, and other Bulbs for Early Planting. BARR'S DAFFODIL CATALOGUE ready in August. BARR'S GENERAL BULB CATALOGUE ready Sept. 1. ISAM; AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. ORCHIDS. — Many rare and choice Cattleyas, Cypripediums, Dendrobiums, Odontoglossoms, &c, always in stock. Inspection invited. Please write for LIST. W. L. LEWIS AND CO., F.R.H.S., Chase Side, Soutbgate, London, N. LOVELS' YORKSHIRE STRAWBERRIES. —Hooted Runners i Noble, Thury, Pazton, President, and others, 6s. per loo. Sample dozen, Is. Descriptive LIST free. W. LOVEL and SON, Strawoerry Growers, Driffield. 100 f,fin thousand-headed kale; lUU^UUV extra-strong plants, is. 1000 j 20,000 Celery, Clayworth Pride, pink, all transplanted, stiff, stout plants, 6s. 1000; 30.000 Brussels Sprouts, Broccoli. Cauliflowers, Aspara- gus, Kale, Curled Greens, and Eirly Cabbage, all short, stiff plants, 5s. 1000. Cash with order. (Name paper). _g. YORKE, Seedsman, Retford. TO SAVE MONEY place yonr orders now.— ROMAN HYACINTHS, first size, 10s. Sd. per 100; Poeticus ornatus, early pheasant eye, 3s. 9rf. per 100; Camper- nelle Jonquils, 3s. per 100, for not less than 100. Trade Price on application.— WALSHAW and SON, Scarborough. Kent : the Garden of England. GROW ONLY the BEST STRAWBERRIES AND CONSULT GEORGE BUNYARD AND CO.'S NEW LIST. A Chester Gardener says: — ''In all my long experience I never had such crops as from your Kent plants." Extra fine plants in little pots and runners ready shortly. The Old Nurseries, Maidstone. 90 AAA PTERIS CRIST AT A, **U^UVV extra good form, fine stuff, in thumbs, fit for potting into 48's. lis. per hundred, or £} per thousand. Not less than Fifty sent at the above price. Other sorts of Ferns on application. J. HILL, Florist, Lower Edmonton. G^ MUNTON invites Communications from J". Nurserymen, Private Growers, &c, having CUT FLOWERS, PLANTS, VEGETABLES, &c, FOR DISPOSAL. G. MUNTON, 155, Ashford Road, Eastbourne. WANTED (in EXCHANGE for OTHER ORCHIDS), large and small Specimens of CYPRI- PEDIUM INSIGNE. Sizes and all particulars to— F. SANDER AND CO., St. Albans. WANTED, CONSIGNMENTS of CHOICE CUT FLOWER9 to SELL on COMMISSION. Boxes and labels supplied. O. B. MEW, Wholesale Florist, Earlswood, Redhill. A MPELOPSIS VEITCHII,the beautiful self- il clinging Virginian Creeper, in pots, will dowell if planted out now; 4 for Is. 6d , to any address, carriage paid. FAY, Florists, Southsei. 100 000 F^EESIA KEF- ALBA.— Pure A V/\/^ \jyj\J white, sweet-scented. Easy to grow, grand for cutting, 18s. to 26s. per 1000, 3s. 8d. per 100, carriage paid ; 5000 Amaryllis in sorts, tine large bulbs, sure to (.lease, 10s. per dozen. Money returned if not approved. 6000 Neriues, iu three sorts, .305. per 100. 4s. per dozen ; 10,000 Pancratiums, in all the best sorts, from 25s. per 100, is. per dozen, J. JAMES, New Maiden, Surrey. FOR SALE, a fine AMERICAN ALOE (Variegated). Too large for present owner. Address, by letter first, to B. AKHURST, 17, Park Hull Riad. East Finchh-y, N. rPRADE. — CHRYSANTHEMUMS, White, I- Madame Desgrange*. in bud, good stuff, in 32's, 5s. per dozen. OYPERUS ALTERNIFOLIUS, in tin's. 9s. per 10 p. Packing free on rail. SEKOLI1G PTERH. :is per luu. Cash with order. —JONES, Clayton Nursery, Peckhaii, S.E. CUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands O to select from. Write for List, free.— P. MCARTHUfc, The London Nursery, 4, Maida Vale, London. W. To the Trade. RAPESEED and AGRICULTURAL WHITE MUSTARD. Hand F. SHARPE have to offer fine • samples of RAPESEED and WHITE MUSTARD, suitable f jr Field Culture. Special quotations and samples on application. SEED GROWING ESTABLISHMENT, WISBECH. ORCHIDS. — New and rare species, a speoial feature. Catalogue forwarded poatrfree on application. SEEGER AND TROPP, Ltd., Orchid Nursery, East Dulwich, London, S.E. Important to Mushroom Growers. CUTHBERT'S SPECIALITE MUSHROOM SPAWN. Always alike J most productive. Hundreds of testimonials. Per bushel, 6s. R. AXD G. CUTHBERT, Seed. Bulb, and Plant Merchants, Southgite, N. Established 1797. Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, LU!es, fcc. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to-* Messrs. R. SILBEF.RAD AND SON, 25, Savage Gardens. Crtltihed Friars, E.C. N.B. — Many new, rare, and interesting plants and bulbs will be fouDd in this Catalogue. To the Trade. TMPORTANT NOTICE.— When yem are in JL London, it will be well worth your time to pay a visit to Albert Nurseries, Peckham Rye, S.E. ; or Fleet, Hants. You can make your notes, and have a business look round, combined with an outing ; you will nct be worried to order. E. D. SHDTTLEWORTH AND CO., LTD. Awarded Silver-gilt Flora Medal by the Royal Horticultural Society; also Gold, Silver-gilt, Silver, and Bronze Medals, Prizes, and Certificates at other First-class Shows. Our specialty — really good stuff grown for the Trade. " 17-ILLMRIGHT," JX For Destruction of all Insect Pests and Mildew. THE STOTT DISTRIBUTOR CO. (Lmtd.), Barton House. Manchester. J WEEKS & CO., Horticultural Builders • to Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, H.M. Government, Admiralty Dept., War Dept., Royal Hort. Soc, Royal Botanic Soc, Parks and Public buildings. Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers, Ki' g'sRoad.Chelsea.S.W. THOMSON'S MANURE.— The sale of this Manure is steadily increasing, and it can be had as formerly of all the leading Nursery and Seedsmen in the United Kingdom. London Agent, Mr. JAS. GEORGE, 14. Redgrave Road, Putney. Agent for Channel Islands, Mr. J. H. PARSONS, Guernsey. Sole Mikers. WILLIAM THOMSON and SONS, Limited, Tweed Vineyard, Clovenfords. 82 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 22, 1893. SALES by AUCTION . Friday Next, July 28. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C.. on FRIDAY NEXT, July 28. at half-past 13 o'clock, IMPORTED ORCiID3, by order of Messrs. Walter Kemsley & Co. Also 155 plants of BLETIA SHEPHERDI, 210 CALANTHE MEXICANA. ONCIDIUM LIIRIDUM, and BRASSIA MACU- LATA (another property), ORCHIDS in FLOWER, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. North FlncMey, N. Adjoining the main North Road, and about five minutes walk from Woodside Park Station. IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mrs. Weatherill to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Woodside Nursery, North Fiuchley, N., on TUESDAY, August 1 . at 12 o'clock precisely, in consequence of the large number of lots, entirely without reserve, 6000 CALLAS, strong plants; 19U0 GENISTA FRAGRANS, cut back; 500 PELARGONIUMS MADAME KGZN1G, the best ■white; 1500 PELARGONIUMS, in variety ; 2500 TEA ROSES in pots, many of them extra fine; 30) ROSES GENERAL JACQUEMINOT, 1000 FAIRY ROSES, SWO0 CHRYSAN- THEMUMS, best market sorts; 500 IVY-LEAF GERA- NIUMS. 4D00 LILIUM CANDIDUM in pots, 500 LILIUM SPECIOSUM ALBUM, 5700 MAIDENHAIR FERNS, 300 ASPIDISTRAS, 280 large CAMELLIAS and AZALEAS, in- cluding twenty-five specimen AZALEA INDICA ALBA, 4 feet by 4 feet, and thirty others. 4 feet by 3 feet, and large plants in 16 and 24- pots. PEAT, [STAKES, WATER -TUBS, BARROWS, 8cc'. May be viewed three days prior to the Sale. Catalogues can be obtained on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, Estate Agents, and Valuers, 67 & 68, Cheapside.London, E.C. Hastings. IMPORTANT TO EXHIBITORS AND FURNISHERS. CLEARANCE SALE of SPECIMEN EXHIBITION PLANTS, remarkably well-grown and in the finest possible condition for the forthcoming Flower Shows. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. E. C. Gilb.-rt to SELL by AUCTION on the premises, Springfield Nursery, Hastings, on WEDNESDAY, August 2nd, at 1 o'clock punctually, the whole of his choice and well-grown EXHIBITION SPECIMEN PLANTS, including noble examples of Kentias, Chamierop', Brayhia, Crotons of sorts symmetric illy formed and of the brightest colours, noble Tree Ferns, Dicksonias, Alsophella uustralis, Microlephia exaltata, Pteris umbrosa. Adiantuma of sort1', a beautiful specimen of Gymnogramma Wettenpalliana, Exhibition Flowering Plants, amongst which may be men- tioned Allamanda grandiflora, &c, Dipladenias of sorts, Vallotta purpurea, Stephanotis, Rondettia, grand plants of Lapageria alba and rosea, Statice Gilberti, Autunin- flowering Ericas of sorts, &c. May be viewed any day prior to the sale. Catalogues had on the premises and of the Auctioneers, 67 & 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. N.B. — Cheap trains run from London every day. Elm, Cambridgeshire. VALUABLE ORCHARD IAND FOR SALE. MESSRS. MAXEY and SON have received instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at the "White Hart" Hotel, in Wisbech, on THURSDAY, August 3. 18*3, at 7 o'Clock in the evening precisely, a very valuable ORCHARD and FRUIT GARDEN, situate in the village of Elm, about 2 miles from the Market Town of Wisbech, and in the midst of one of the finest fruit-growing districts in that neighbour- hood. The propei ty comprises in all 28a, Or. 36 p. of extremely valuable land (the soil being of the richest quality, and especially adapted for the cultivation of Strawberries), together with a commodious brick and thatched Farmhouse, with large Barn, Granary, Stabler and other outbuildings. Possession will be given at Michaelmas next. Particulars, Plans, and Conditions of Sale can be obtained on application to the Auctioneers, South Brink Place, Wisbech j or to BOTSFORD and KING, Solicitors, 10, Market Street, Wisbech. City of Peterborough. To NURSERYMEN, FLORIST3, SEEDSMEN, and OTHERS. TO BE LET, with Immediate or Michaelmas Possession, the well-known, old-established Peterborough BUSINESS, comprising a NURSERY FARM of 25 acres. of which 13 acres are under cultivation, not heavily stocked ; the remainder in Pasture Land, with good House and Premises, Greenhouse, Pits, &c, adjoining the Town. Also, a superior SEED SHOP and STORE, in a first class central position ; and a FLOWER- STAND on the Great Northern Railway Station. The whole Business has for many years been carried on by Mr. John House, who is retiring on account of declining health, and leaving a fine opportunity for an enterprising tradesman. Apply, FOX AND VERGETTE, Estate Agent?, Peterborough. TO NURSERYMEN..— Lease and Goodwill of a capital NURSERY GROUND for SALE. A Bargain. Covering an area of 2 acre?, adjoining Station in high class neighbourhood, North of London. Owner retiring in conse- quence of ill-health. Six Greenhouses on ground. Lease, 21 years. Rent, £75, nearly half let off. Premium, £200. Apply to Messrs. HARMAN BROS., 75, Aldermaubury, Guildhall. E.C. FOR SALE, a Small NURSERY and SEED BUSINESS. Good position ou a main road, in a fa'hion- able Watering-place. Good Dwelling-house, Show-house, and Large Garden. Rent low. Incoming moderate. Apply for full particulars, by letter, to W., Mr. Pearman, Salmons, Warlingham, Surrey. ONDON, S.W., in main thoroughfare, close to Station. A Bargain for Business People. For S4LE. in consequence of ill health, the LEASE of a prominent FLORISTS SHOP, beautifully fitted up, and nine-roomed Residence, together with the Goodwill. Good trade attached Lease 69 years.-Apply PATCHINGS, News Agent, Putney. FOR SALE, a good and extensive SEED BUSINESS (Farm, Vegetable, and Flower). Returns, £-3000 p?r annum, with good profits. Satisfactory reasons for selling. — Apply to B., Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, London, E.C. . rFO BE SOLD, a compact FREEHOLD JL MARKET NURSERY, situated on amain road, near a fashionable seaside town. — Dwelliog-hou9es, Garden, and 350 feet run of Glass, well-heated; and nearly new. Price for the Freehold and Erections, £1050 ; Stock optional. A genuine bargain, for occupation or investment. Apply, for further particulars, to HORTOLANS. 45, Beau- champ Place, Chelsea, London, S.W. CNUG FLORIST'S BUSINESS FOR DIS- O POSAL.— 250 Feet of Glass, Shed. House, &c. The whole fitted with hot water and well stocked. Rent ODly £10 per annum. Three years' agreement if desired. Price £50. — Apply HIGGINS; Clapton Floral Depot. PALMS, FERNS, &o— FERNS in Variety.— ARALIAS and CYPERUS NATALENSIS in 48's, 6s. per dozen; LARGE A. CUNEATUM in 4S's, 6s. and 7s. per dozen ; PALMS in variety, and FICUS in 48's, Vis. per dozen ; PALMS, fine stuff, in large 60's, 5s. per dozen ; FERNS and CYPERUS, in 2± inch pots. 12s. per 100. Almost any kind of Plants in season supplied at lowest possible prices. Well packed in or out of pots. Free on rail. Cash with order. LANE isd MARTIN, 227, Brixton Road. London. S.W. NEW CARNATION (EMPRESS of INDIA). — A grand new, bright Scarlet Carnation, of very vigorous growth, quite hardy, having stood out in the open all last winter, very free bloomer, many plants carrying now from 60 to SO blooms and buds of immense size and bril- liant colour, none of which burst. This variety is acknow- ledged by all who have seen it to be the very best for market purposes. Strong plants in pots, 3s. each; 36s. per dozen. Ready in September. Apply to J. COBBAN AND SON, Nurserymen, Florists, &c, Rotherham. BULBS. — Our speoial offer of Daffodils, and other Bulbs for early planting, is now ready. Liliuru candidum, 10s. and 12s. per 100 ; Lilium Harrisii, 5s. to 10s. id. per dozen ; Roman Hyacinths, 12*. Gd. and IGs. per 100, very scarce; Narcissus (paper-white), 5s. per 100; Narcissus Double Roman, 5s. per 100; Gladiolus Colvilli (The Bride), lovely for cutting, 2s. Gd. per 100; Iris hispanica (the poor man's Orchid), finest mixed, Is. Gd. per 100. Every article the best procurable. J. R. PEARSON and SONS, Chihvell Nurseries, Notts. A LL GOODS DELIVERED FREE -t V on board, Loudon, Antwerp, Rotterdam. £ s. d. LILIUM HARRISII, 5- 7 in. circ, per 1000 bulbs . 6 5 0 7— 9 in 11 10 0 9—11 in 22 10 0 AURATUM, 7— 9 in 8 7 6 „ 9— 11 in. ,, It 10 0 TUBEROSES, Pearl, select 4—6* in 1 10 0 „ ,, second?, 3—4 in 12 6 Prices for GLADIOLUS, &<•., on application. F. W. O. SCHMITZ a>d CO.. Jersey City, N J., U.S.A. LITTLE & BALLANTYNE Beg to intimate the arrival of their ROMAN HYACINTHS, Paper White and Double ROMAN NARCISSUS, AND OTHER EARLY FORCING BULBS, And respectfully solicit Early Orders, to secure the largest and best bulbs. Royal Seed & Nursery Establishment, CARLISLE. BEGONIA CLOIRE DE SCEAUX A grand winter-flowering Begonia ; flowers deep rose. Should be grown by all who require plenty of flower in the dull months. See last week's Gardeners' Chronicle, page 66, giving full account, Strong plants, 30s. and 42s. per dozen. EXHIBITIONS. LEEDS PAXTON SOCIETY'S CHRYS- ANTHEMUM SHOW. TOWN HALL, LEEDS, TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, November 7 and 8, 1893. For Entry Form* and Schedules apply to the Hon. Secretaiy, W. HOLBKOOK, St. Ann's Villas, Headingley, Leeds. KINGSWOOD, ST. GEORGE, and WEST GLOUCESTERSHIRE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ANNUAL SHOW ou WEDNESDAY, August 16,1893. PRIZES over £200 (including Silver Cups, open to all Aniiteurs). Catalogues and Entry Forms can be obtained of the Hon. Secretaries, FRED. H. JULLION, St. George, near Bristol, and A. W. COTTLE, Kingswood, near Bristol. SHREWSBURY FLORAL FETE, AUGUST 23 and 24, 1893. WM. CUTBUSH & SON, HIGHGATE NURSERIES, LONDON, N., And BARNET, HERTS. SPECIAL CLASS.— A display of Floral arrangements, in a space 10 ft. by 4 ft. 6 in. ; a few small plants allowed for effective staging. Any design in flowers admissible, entirely at the discretion of the Exhibitor. First Prize. £5 and Gold Medal, value £3 3a. ; Second Prize, £3 and Silver Medal ; Third Prize, £2. Entries close August 10, to the Hon. Sees., Shrewsbury. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN. CRAND PLANT, FLOWER, FRUIT, AND VEGETABLE SHOW, EXHIBITION o SEEDS,' APPLIANCES, &c. Cash Prizes upwards of £400. UOYAL AGRICULTURAL HALL, LONDON, August 29 to Sept. 1, 1893. Schedules (Competition Sections), can be had of THE SECRETARY'. R.H.S., 117, Victoria Strtet, S.W. Awards will be made for GREENHOUSES, HEATING APPARATUS, APPLIANCES, &c. Applications for Space should be made to the Managers for Royal Agricultural Hall Co. (Messrs. DALE ash REYNOLDS), Central Offices, 21, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow Them, apply to SANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World. — 30 minutes from St. Paucras. OAK STAKES for ROSES, &o., 4 feet long, £ inch. } inch, and 1 inch square. Price 4s., 6s., and 8s, per 100.— SHENSTONE, Grange Road, Leyton. BULBS — BULBS. — Bargains in Bulbs. — Special Cheap Offer for really good large Flowering Bulbs :— Paneratiums, all best sorts, grand bulbs, ready to burst into flower — P. fragrans, P. caribreum, P. amieuum, P. zeylanicum grandiflora, some bulbs 12 inches round, 18«. to 40s. per 100; 2s. Gd. to 6s. per dozen. Glorio^a superba, just imported, 25s. per 100, 4s. per dozen. Crinum Kirkii, very large plump bulbs. 50s. per 100, Ss. per dozen ; C. zeylanicum, and C. asiaticum, large white flower, 5s. to 8s. per dozen : extra large, 20-inch bulbs, 2s. Gd. and 3s. Gd. each. Ammocharis falcata, splendid bulbs, make fine Pot Plants, 3s. each. Zamias, for Table Plants, Is. each. Amorphophallus eampanulatus, or Stanley's Wash-Tub, flowers 2| feet across, Gs. per dozen. Is. each. Babianas, in ten sorts, 12s, per 100. Ixia?, in sorts, 10s. per 100. Freesia ref. alba, true, ISs. to 26s. per 1000. Above is Cheapest Offer ever made for first-class Bults. Terms, Cash with Order. All Bulbs warranted sound and freshly imported, or money returned. J. JAMES, Importer, New Maiden, Surrey. CYPRIPEDIUM CURTISII, CYPRIPEDIUM ELLIOTTIANUM, CYPRIPEDIUM HOOKEB-iE, CYPRIPEDIUM LAWRENCEANUM. Grand Importations of the above just received. Inspection Invited. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N.E. July 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 83 London County Council. TO NURSERYMEN and BULB-GROWERS. ^FENDERS are invited for the SUPPLY of JL BULBS for various Parks and Gardens under the control of the Council. Persons desirous of submitting tenders may obtain a copy of the form of contract, specification, form of tender, and instructions for tendering, on application to the Parks Sub-Department of the Council, at the County Hall, Spring Gardens, S.W. The tenders, which must be on the form supplied by the Council, are to be addressed to "The Clerk of the Council," and endorsed "Tender for Bulbs," and must be delivered at this Office before 10 o'clock, a.m., on July 27, 1893, and no tender will be received after that hour. Any tender which is not in accordance with the instructions for tendering will be rejected. The Council does not bind itself to accept the lowest or any tender. H. DE LA HOOKE, Clerk of the Council. Spring Gardens, S.W., July 20. 1893. BOUVARDIAS, fine bushy stuff, in 5-inch pots, now com.ne into bud, ALFRED NEUNER. CAN- DIDISSIMA. PRESIDENT CLEVELAND. MRS. R, GREEN, and other leading sort*. Special quotations on application. H. B. MAY, Dyson's Lane Nurseries, Upper Edmonton. To the Trade. HYDRANGEA PANICULATA GRANDI- FLORA, in bloom, fine for decoration, 19s., 24s., and 30s. per dozen. Free to London for cash with order. EDWD. SAWYER, Hyde Nursery, Lower Edmonton. FOR SALE, through want of room, Specimen PALMS, DRACAENAS, SHRUBS, YUCCAS, CAMELLIAS. Standard BAYS, and large FERNS, all established in pots and tubs.— STROUD BROS., 182, Green Lanes, Finabury Park. N. FERNS! FERNS !!— Trade.— Greenhouse and Stove, 25 saleable sorts, in 2$-in. pots, 12s. per 100 ; 10 belt market sorti, in 48's, 6s. per doz. ; stores, 6s. per 100. Large Adiantum cuneatum, value in fronds, 6s. and 8s. per doz. Cyperus, Aralias. Grevilleas, in 48's, good value, 6s. per dozen. Palms, Ficus,& Dracaenas, Is. each. Hydrangeas, Pelargoniums, Marguerites, 9rf. each; in 48's, Is. each. P. tremula and A. cuneatum, for making large plants quickly, 16s. and 20s. per 100, well packed, put on rail free for cash with order. — J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries. Loughboro' Junction, London, S.W. NEW IMPORTATION OF ORCHIDS From BRAZIL and BORNEO. Particulars Post-free on Application. Inspection Invited. A. H. GRIMSDIIOH, Importer, 5, CLAYTON SQUARE, LIVERPOOL. PURE WHITE EARLY ROMAN HYACINTHS, FOR FORCING PURPOSES. Our First Consignment is now to hand, in excellent condition. DIUKSONS and Importers, CHESTER. WARE and SONS' arethe FLOWER POTS best THE SUSSEX POTTERY WORKS, UCKFIELD. Quotations given for quantities. Carriage paid to any The Best Railway station. are Cheapest. SAMPLES and LISTS FREE. Crates packed. Established 1851. BIRKBECK BANK, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. W.C. TWO- AND- A -HALF per Cent. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS, repayable on demand. TWO per Cent, on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, on the minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below £100 STOCKS and SHARES purchased and sold. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. For the encouragement o! Thrift the Bank receives small Bums on deposit, and allows interest, at the rate of TWO- AND-A-HALF PER CENT, per annum, on each completed £1. BIRKBECK BUILDING SOCIETY HOW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GUTNFAS PER MONTH. i"*** BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY HOW TO PURCHASE A PLOT OF GROUND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH. The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars post- Iree. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager H. J, JONES' CONCENTRATED MANURE. Is specially valuable to Growers of Chrysanthemums, Pot Plants, and Garden Produce for Exhibition. It adds colour and substance to Plants, Flowers, and Fruits. By its use crops of all kinds are more than doubled. A trial order solicited. Priczs, Carriage Free for Cash with Order :— 7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 112 lb. 63. 8s. 12s. 6d. 218. 363. H. J. JONES, RYECROFT NURSERY, HITHER GREEN, LEWISHAM, S.E. CBEESON'S MANURE, composed of blood • and bone. The best Fertiliser for all purposes. Sold in tins, Is., 2s. 6rf., and hi.Gd. ; alao in air-tight baps, £ cwt., 6s. ; 1 cwt., 10*. Full directions for u*e sent with each tin and bag. 1 cwt. and above sent carriage paid ; cash with order. C. BEF.SON. Hone Mills. St. NeotV; Hunts. BONES ! BONES ! 1 BONES ! ! ! Any size from dust to 1 inch. Dissolved Bone Compound, for Top-dressing. All at 10s. per cwt. ; less quantity. 1 %d. per lb. Carriage paid on I cwt. Terms, Cash with Order. Special quotations for large Buyers. E. S. WILES AND CO., Bone Crushers. St. Albans. To Nurserymen, Gardeners, &c. WANTED, the above to try SPENCER'S NEW FERTILISER, there being no acids or chemicals used in the manufacturing of this Fertiliser. Prize growers of hardwood plants and root crops will find this the only thing wanting, it being the most genuine aud powerful Forcer yet introduced. Can be used in powder or dissolved in water— a special advantage. Sample cwt. bag seat to any part, price on application. Analyst report with each parcel. Apply. I. SPENCER. 54, Spring Street. Hull, Yorkshire. CONCENTRATED MANURE. GLOBE FERTILISER. When using this Fertiliser for Flowers, Fruits, and Vege- tables, results are marvellous. Plants grown in the open air are equal in Bloom and Beauty to those grown in hothouses. Sold by Seedsmen, lrf. and 2d. Packets ; la. 6d.. 2». 6rf.. 5s., and 10s. in Bags, or from the Sole Manufacturers, Carriage Paid. Cash with Order. GLOBE MILL COMPANY. Stratford Market. London. E. and PREVENTS Mildew, Oidium, Black Rot, aud other i>\ p- togamic Diseases of the Potato, Tomato, Beetroot, Vegetables, Vine, Rosesand other Flowers, Fruit Trees, Mould iu Hops, &c. FOSTITE raises the Vegetation, destroys Caterpillars, Fleas, Leaf Lice, Slugs, and all other Vermin on Plants. Effective Distributors also sold. A child canperform the powdering. Prospectus free on application. Sole Shipper and Manufacturer — JEAN SOUHETJR, ANTWERP (Belgium). Reliable Buying Agents wanted vjgrs- _ everywhere. BENTLEYS WEED DESTROYER AWARDED PRIZE MEDAL, (HIGHEST iWAKP) AT THE International Horticultural Exhibition, London, 1802, Sole Manufacturer— JOSEPH BENTLEY, CHEMICAL WORKS, BARROW-ON-HTJMBER, HULL. WASPS, FLIES, &c— DAVIS'S WASP DESTROYER is a certain Destroyer of these Pests. B. R Davis was the first to make thi- article, and introduced it publicly nearly thirty years ago. During these years, that made by him has never been known to fail. Post-free, Is. 9d. and 2s. 9il. per Bottle, with instructions. J. W. says : — " Please send another bottle. ... I have destroyed 40 nests with the last two bottles. . . . It's a pity but what your Wasp Destroyer is not better known.— July 15, 1893." Wholesale Agents, OSMAN AND CO., London. PRIMULA, Double White, in 3-inch pots, per 100 or dozen. B. R. DAVIS, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil. ORCHID PEAT; Best Quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices of WALKER AMD CO., Farnborough, Hants. GISHURST COMPOUND, used since 1859 for Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other blight ; 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water, 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house trees, in lather from cake, for American blight, and as an emulsion when paraffin is used. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boies, 1*., 3s., and 10s. 6d, GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes 6d. and Is. from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. RICHARDS' NOTED PEAT. Specially selected and prepared for Orchids and all other plants. Also Loam, Sand, Artificial Manures, Insecticides. Shading, Netting for Fruit Trees, H;itnboo Canes, Water Pots, and Garden Sundries of every description. Special quotations given for any goods sent carriage paid. G. H. RICHARD?, Old Shot Tower Wharf, Lambeth, London, S.E. ; Peat Grounds and Depdts, Ring wood and Ware- ham, Address all letters to London Wharf. EPPS'S -** PEAT, For ORCHIDS, STOVE PLANTS, Hardwood do.. Ferns, and Rhododendrons, by sack, yard, ton, or truckload. SPECIAL ORCHID PEAT, in sack only. Rich fibrous LOAM, superior LEAF-MOULD. Coarse, Crystal, and Fine SILVER SAND, CHARCOAL, C. N. FIHRE REFUSE, fresh SPHAGNUM, Patent MANURES, FERTILISERS, INSEC- TICIDES, and allother Garden Requisites. Peat MOSS Litter. The Original Peat Depot, RINGWOOD, HANTS. ORCHID PEAT. PREPARED ready for use, and in blocks ; also RHODODENDRON PEAT, PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, LOAM, and POTTING COMPOST. Price List of Tin- Forester. .Toyden Wood, Bexley, Kent. Sim:ci.u. Terms to the Trade. AND FOR ALL GLASS STRUCTURES THAT REOUIRE SHADING. Sold in Packets containing 8 oz., sufficient for 125 feet of glass, IS each ; or in Bags. 7 lb.. 10s. 6d.; 14 lb., 208. Be sure to ask for " SUMMER CLOUD." it being the Original and only Genuine article. Each packet should bear the Trade Mark, as above. SOLD BY ALL SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS. MANUFACTURERS :— CORRY & CO., Limited, HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES MERCHANTS, 13, 15, & 16, FINSBURY STREET, LONDON, E.C. " FRIPI nniUld " Made of prepared Hair and I niUI UUIIIU WooIp a perfect proteetion p ■ mii in to all Plants and Blooms. OANVAO. Cheaper than any kind of mat, and will last for years. To be had from all Nur- serymen and Seedsmen. FOftTRICE tlST A PARTICULARS ADDRESS*' RENJAMIITODGINGTON kJP SDc/ke ST Li London Bh/dge. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40s. ; 4-bushel bags, 4d. each. SPECIALLY SELECTED ORCHID PEAT. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks, 25s. ; sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND. Is. 9d. per bushel; 15s. per half ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each. TELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8s. 6d. per sack. MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, U, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C. 84 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 22. 1893. EARL'S COURT EXHIBITION. Exhibition of GARDENING I FORESTRY THE GARDEN of LONDON. JULY 26 and 27. GREAT SHOW OF ROSES AND FRUIT, CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, &c. Classes (Open and Amateur) for Grapes, Melons, Peaches, Strawberries, Cherries, &c. Meritorious Exhibit* not named in the Schedule will be recognised. Prizes, Medals, and Certificates awarded for every Show. All applications for entries, schedules, regulations, and fur- ther information should be addressed to Mr. rf . E. Milner, the Chairman, at the Offices of the Exhibition, Earl's Court, S.W. ADMISSION to the Exhibition Building, Flower Show, and the Central and Western Gardens, Is. OPEN DAILY, from 11 a.m. to 11 p.m. Season Tickets £1 1*., To be obtained from the usual Agents and the Secretary. NOTHING NOTHING is too small. Is too much trouble, The Thade Supplied. D, BHVTTLEWORTH £ CO., Ltd., {Albert Nurseries) PECKHA* RYE, LONDON, S.B., and FLEET, HANTO. DANIELS' DEFIANCE. The Finest Variety of Cabbage in Cultivation. It is early, short-legged, and compact, grows rapidly to the weight of 10 to lo lb., and ia of the most delicious Marrow flavour. Should be in every Garden. Sow now. Seed, our true stock, with.cultural directions, per ounce, Is. 6<*\, post free. DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers and Nurserymen, Norwich. DANIELS' GOLDEN ROCCA ONION. The most superb variety in cultivation ; of fine globular form, with golden yellow skin; often grows to the weight of 2 to 3 lb. each, and of a mild, delicate flavour. Splendid for exhibition. Sow now. Seed, with cultural directions, per ounce, 2s., post-free. DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers and Nurserymen, Norwich. PRIMULAS! PRIMULAS! PRIMULAS! 25th year of Distribution. Williams' superb Strain, Is. 6d. per dozen; 10s. per irO. CINERARIAS, aame Price; also DOUBLE WHITE PRIM- ULAS, 6d. each. Package and Carriage free for Cash with Order.— JOHN bT&VElss, The Nuraeriea, Coventry. MERRYWEATHERS' high-glass GARDEN HOSE. Horticultural Exhibition, 1892. GOLD MEDAL AWARDED TO MERRYWEATHERS FOR Sphincter Geip Hose. Other Makers awarded Bronze Medal only. WRITE FOR GARDEN CATALOGUE. MERRYWEATHERS, 63, Long Acre, London, W.C. BOULTON & PAUL, Manufacturers, NORWICH. s §: s © 3 J4 C2 -85 6a BouiTriaxAUL ytipVlBdi a. c> SS Si to 6 inches long, 2 lines thick, terete, finely striate, uniform dull blackish, the short sheath whitish densely variegated with blackish. Leaf- blade .r> to (! inches long, 2 inches broad, elongate ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, margins very wavy, the base rounded or shortly cordate, the basal lobes or auricles ^ to J inch long, strongly cucullate, with a linear acute sinus between them ; nerves five to seven on each side of the midrib, the inner pairs arising from the midrib much below the middle, the rest basal, all flat above, prominent beneath ; upper surface with all the central area and nerves crimson, and the borders green, opaque, with a faint glaucous hue overspreading the whole, perhaps more evident on young leaves ; under surface coloured like the 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 87 upper, but paler and more evidently glaucous, and the blackish colour of the petiole extends a little way along the midrib. Peduncle 3.} to 4 inches long, slender, blackish. Spathe 31 inches long, the tube 1 inch long, 8 to 9 lines in diameter, obliquely ovoid, inflated, glaucous green, with a blackiBh stripe on the back that runs from its base to the apex of the limb, which is 2§ inches long, very acuminate and milk-white in colour. Spadix 2 to 2] inches long; female part i inch long, obconic (narrowed towards the base) ; neuter part about 4 lines long, constricted, male part terete or sub-fusiform obtuse, dull waxy-white. A native of Brazil. N. E. Brown, straw, &c, any roots that may have been met with daring the digging, the job of undermining has to be commenced. In doing this, it is best to leave at each corner of the mass of earth, pillars of the same, 1 foot square if the soil be solid, and more if it be loose. The part dug out from beneath the ball should be such as will leave the mass from l.J- to 2 feet thick. After the middle portion is cut away, and the soil thrown out of the trench, the bottom of the ball being cut level, some stout planks are placed beneath it, and " blocked " up by using bits of thin flooring deal, 8 to 10 inches long, one on the top of the other, Fig, 19. — a weeping, ash heady i-or removal. WEEPING ASH TREE READY FOR REMOVAL. The illustration given above (fig. 19) shows a tree excavated and undermined, with ball intact, and enclosed with boards, waiting for the trolley or transplanting machine," to take it away to its new station. The method usually followed in the case of large trees which have to be transplanted to a con- siderable distance, and which involves the use of wheeled carriages of some kind, is to mark out the size of the mass of soil containing the roots — say a square of 3, 1, 5, or 6 feet, as the case may demand — and throw out a trench, with upright walls, on the side next to the roots, and from 2A to 3 feet broad. This trench must be as deep as the majority of the roots go, and need rarely be more than 3A feet deep. Having done this, and secured and wrapped in wet till the planks are fixed close up under the ball. The corner pillars are now cut away, one at a time, and similarly supported. This being done, a stout beam is placed under the boards so that they all of them rest on it, and the sides surrounded by staves or short boards or stout canvas, and roped tightly. It is now ready for removal, and may be swung by means of chains on a tree-trans- planting machine, or removed if it be not very large, by means of a trolly. The machine is best, there being but little disturbance of the ball, and the latter can be lowered on to a set of blocks as before, these being taken out bit by bit until it rests on the boards alone, which can be drawn out one at a time, always care- fully plugging with soil, the hole left by drawing out one. The photograph from which our figure was taken was kindly sent by Mr. T. H. Crasp, late gar- dener to Lord Wimborne, Canford Manor. KEW NOTES. Eippeastrum brachyandrum is a large handsome flowered species of the Habranthus section, of which very little was known until about three years ago, when Mr. Bartholomew of Reading sent it in flower to Mr. Baker, and subsequently sent Beeds of it to Kew. From these a batch of plants were raised which are now planted in an open sunny border out- side, and several have already flowered. The flowers, which are produced single on scapes 1 foot long, are erect, 4 inches long, shaped like a Colchicum speci- osum, and coloured rosy-lilac, deepening to deep crimson at the base. The leaves are linear, 1 foot or so long, and the bulb is egg-shaped. A promising plant for a sunny bed outside in summer ; a good companion for Zephyranthes carinata. Sanscviera Kirkii. — This plant may now be seen in flower in the Palm-house at Kew. It was originally sent to Kew in 1879, by Sir John Kirk, who had obtained it from the mainland near Zanzibar, and flowered it in his garden at Zanzibar. The longest leaf on the plant sent to Kew measured 9 feet. It has since been largely distributed to the Colonies from Kew as a useful fibre-yielding plant, the report of Messrs. Ide and Christie on specimens submitted to them stating that the fibre was " bright, clean and strong, and in every way a most desirable commercial article. It would compete with the best Sisal Hemp for rope-making purposes. Value £30 per ton." As a garden plant this Sanseviera is not without value, its stout lanceolate mottled green leaves and large heads of greyish long tubular flowers being attractive. Faradaya splendida and Lonchocarpus Bartcri, two strong-growing stove climbers, are in flower on the roof of the Palm- house, and may be seen from the gallery. They are excellent subjects for clothing pillars or gallery-rails in very large plant-houses. Aristolochia ornithocephala is another most useful plant for the same purpose, and it flowers most profusely. Solatium Wendlandii and 8, Scaforthianum are better this year than ever. They are grand plants, the former deseiving, in my opinion, to rank with the bigt dczen stove climbers. W. W. A JOURNEY THROUGH SOUTH FRANCE, ITALY, AND SWITZER- LAND. tCcntimted from vol. xiii., p. 741.) September 13. At Florence. — Drove to Poggio Gherardo to see Mr. Ross' collection of Orchids, after breakfast. They are grown over tanks of water in shaded glasshouses, and we were surprised to find their temperature as much as 10° cooler than it was outside at mid-day. September 14. — ■ Visited botanical gardens at Florence, famous from the days of Micheli, ISO years or so ago. The oldest tree in the garden is a vener- is b'.e Yew, said to have existed here since the garden was founded by the ancient Apothecary's Society of Florence. It is 50 feet high, its lower branches sweeping the ground. Here is also a fine Cork Oak (Quercus suber), with a clear stem of 20 feet, and at its thickest diameter the bole is 3 feet through, and the tree is 50 feet in height. In one of the hot- bousP8 is a splendid Cocos coronatus, with five ranked, pinnate leaves. There is also a unique specimen of Pandanus sylvestris, and a noble plant of P. odoratissimus. Cycas revoluta, with a branched head, has a clear stem of 5 feet high. Clusia rosea has a stem 10 to 15 feet, and C. flava, with larger leaves, is nearly as tall. Here are also noble Plumierias, with stems 10 to 20 feet in height. A specimen of Theobroma Cacao, 12 feet high, flowers and fruits in the garden. There is a very fine plant of Phoenix canariensis, 20 feet high ; and a plant of the rare P. humili8 has a clear stem of 6 feet, and very hand- some plumose head. Outside, there is a fine tree of Tilia argentea, the Silver-leaved Lime tree, which seems the best suited of all the varieties for a hot summer climate. The Japanese Salisburia, or Ginkgo biloba, fruits here freely every year ; and there 88 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 22, 1893. is a stately old tree of the Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya virginica). September 17. At A/i&».— Went to the University and Baw the botanical gardens. Here we saw a stately tree of Ginkgo, 90 feet in height, with a bole 3 feet in diameter, and clear for 30 feet. It is a male tree, but near it is a female tree 50 feet high, which was covered with its yellow drupes, not unlike the fruits of Abelia Caffra, or those of the Green Gage Plum. It is a cool and shady, sequestered old garden, hidden away behind the great tower of the observatory. Magnolia Yulan is 40 feet in height, so also M. gran- diflora. A Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) is 50 to CO feet in height, with a perfect trunk clear for 30 feet, and nearly 3 feet in diameter at its base. There is a very old Lebanon Cedar here, and a Capressus horizontalis, 70 feet high, having a clear stem 16 inches in diameter. September 18. — At Pallanza, Logo Maggiore. — Visited Isola Bella and Isola Madre, both islands laid out as gardens around palatial villas. Both contain a very rich and interesting garden flora, but the last-named is by far the more natural and pleasing. At Isola Bella we saw the Japanese Um- brella Pine (Sciadopitys verticillata), 14 feet high ; a Camphor Tree, 60 feet high, with a stem 4 feet in diameter ; Olea fragrans, 30 feet high, and scenting the air for yards with its small white flowers ; and there are groves of Oleanders of all colours, and some bushes are 30 feet high, as also are Camellias. Magnolias are 60 feet high, and perfect to the ground. The Tea shrub (Thea viridis) is 9 feet high, and all in the open air, as if at home in India or China. On the Isola Madre the vegetation is similar, but much more naturally grouped. September 19. — Left Domodossolo by diligence for Brieg, a long but delightful mountain drive. Saw here Opantia vulgaris on dry rocks, beside the hot and dusty road. The Sea Buckthorn is abundant in river beds, covered with coral berries. September 20. — Brieg to Martigny by rail, thence by diligence over the Tete Noire Pass to Chamounix. A very lovely drive, the mountain aides in places being coloured crimson with the foliage of Vaccinium Myrtillus. Saxifrages of several kinds were seen, also great tufts of the "Parsley Fern" (Allosorns crisp us). On the mountain side Gentiana lutea was in places very abundant, and the short grass was studded with the stars of the dwarf Star Thistle (Carlina acaulis). September 21, 22. — Left Chamounix at six o'clock in the mornining for Cluses, through a fertile and well-peopled valley. The Apple trees near the vil- lages were laden with fruit, and the last of the crops only remained in the little cultivated patches. Every- where we heard the jingle of cow-bells, and noted the Ash trees stripped of their leaves, which are here used as fodder. At Cluses we took the train for Geneva, and reached that place. We visited the Botanical Gardens, where alpine plants are well grown in a special enclosure on eight long ridge-like rockeries. Aquatic plants have a special tank in two divisions, supplied by a constant flow of pure water. On one of the outer walls here we saw the curious and new Spinovitis Davidii for the first time. It is a shrubby Vine, of which but little is as yet known, except that it grows luxuriantly at Geneva, and that it is a native of Northern China. We next went to see the " Jardin Alpin " of M. Correvon, but we did not find the owner at home. Here we saw many alpines, mostly in pots, as if for sale. After-Thoughts. One of the main objects of our journey was to see the gardens of the Riviera, and, notwithstanding the fact that we saw them at their worst, we were delighted, and found much to admire. The almost tropical character of the climate permits of many of our stove plants, and most of our greenhouse plants, being grown in the open air. The Palms and Bamboos, the Agaves and Musas, and the great Reed (Arundo Donax) lend an exotic luxuriance to the sunburnt rocks, the sheltered terraces, or the more gentle slopes and declivities that fringe the shore of the bine sea. To see the gardens of the Mediterranean coast at their freshest and best, one mnst leave our cold and murky fogs and mists behind us in December, and in less than two days we can reach this region of sun- shine and of flowers. From a London frost and fog into a land of sunshine and Roses, Violets, Ane- mones, and Narcissus, is a great transition, and one that once made can never be forgotten. All along the shore, from Marseilles to Genoa, and beyond, may be described as the Land of the Olive and Fig, as also of the Vine. We saw this lovely district in all its fertility, rich in corn and wine and oil, but its reign of flowers, the flush of scented spring that, coming in our mid-winter, makes this district so attractive to northern minds, had long passed away. But flowery as are the winter gardens of the Riviera, even at their best there is an absent charm amid the groves and avenues of Palms, and a craving want is felt that no luxuriance of stiff Agave, or elegant Bamboo, can dispel. In the steep hill side, or rocky gardens, the soft and restful verdure of our grassy lawns is absent, if not always at least during the hottest and driest portion of the year, being sown annually and not permanent, as with us at home. As we gazed on the richness of exotic vegetation, and heard the cool rustle of the Palm leaves over- head, we could not avoid asking what had become of the native trees and shrubs — the natural vegetation of this sunny shore? Where were the Oaks, the green and feathery Pines, the wild Olives, the Len- tiscus, Myrtle and Smilax, the Heaths and Tama- risks, once wild and luxuriaut where now alone the alien reigns ? Where was that subtle fitness or keeping, only possible when native tree or shrub, is rooted in its native soil? Now and then we saw noble remains of the native flora existing, and can never forget its exquisite charm ; to wit, the Poplars and Willows of the Soane Valley ; the groves of Aleppo Pines in the parks at Marseilles, the gigantic forest of Stone Pines at Viareggio, the Myrtles and Smilax, the Lentiscus and Heath and Asparagus, which forms a delightful jungle beneath the patriarchal Olives at Cap dAntibes. The fact is, a good deal of sameness is common to all the gardens of the Riviera, and changes are rung on the notes eternal of Palm, Bamboo and Agave or Olean- der, until one is glad of a restful day among the Oaks and Pines, or even among the Sweet Chestnut groves of the mountain side. The gardens at the Villa Pallavacini (and those on the Isola Bella) are wondrouslv rich in giant Cam- phor trees, Camellias anl Tea Shrubs, Bamboo and Palms, but to enjoy these, one must endure sham rnins and fictitious monuments, and the trick and jugglery of water-squirts set here and there as traps for the unwary. Even in the best of these southern gardens there is evidence of too much artifice and of imitation, and too little of natural effects. The bizarre and the complex have been employed in place of the simple, the direct methods of garden art, and the result is disappointing. Isolated speci- mens and groups of certain plants we saw that claimed admiration, but in most of the gardens the real pictures were seen beyond their walls, rather than within their boundaries. Of the abundance, quality, and cheapness of fruit in South France and Italy, one could not well say too much ; nor do I think it ever will be possible for us to forget the delicious Melons at Marseilles or the luscious Figs and Muscat Grapes of Italy. Even after being accustomed for years to Covent Garden and its wealth of delicious fruits, we were not quite prepared for the regal plethora of fruit, such as is to be seen in the market at Venice or being taken hither and thither by the boat-load along the olive-green water of its many canals. Grapes, Peaches, Figs, and Melons, by the ton ; and Tomatos, setting the little vegetable shops and stands on fire, as it were, with their brilliant colour, everywhere. Italy is delightful in the autumn when the contadini are busy with the vintage, and the vivid orange-red cobs are garnered, or hung out to dry in the sun, on the walls of cottage and farm, lending an indescriDable glow of colour to the whitewashed walls. Now and then you see the great meek-eyed bullocks at work among the festooned Vines, great creamy fellows in quaint trappings, and apparently as gentle as they are strong. The terraced Olive-grounds, with their flickering shade and eternal greyness, were delightful, and it is nice to wander amongst the Vines early in the morning, or to rest at noon beneath the shady Fig trees, and get a fruit- luncheon or a siesta, as happy, and for the time being, as careless as the lizards of green and grey and gold that Btart at one's footfall, and flit here and there like shadows in the sunshine on the hot rocks, or on the old grey walls. In conclusion, I should like to say how much I was indebted on this journey to the courtesy and camaraderie of my friends Dr. Wright, of the Dublin University (T. C. D.), and Mr. F. W. Moore, A.L.S., of our beautiful Glasnevin Botanic Gardens here in Dublin. I may also say that I was enabled to under- take this most interesting tour through the generosity of the Board of Trinity College, Dublin, who made me a special grant for the purpose from their Ter- centenary Funds. F. W. B. THE GENUS CISTUS. This is a genus of beautiful shrubs, none too hardy, but living through ordinary winters. It is a pleasure to see that the many species and varieties are being again grown as they were before the fashion of flower-gardening known as " carpet- bedding" absorbed the attention, and misdirected the energy of the gardener. Doubtless many varie- ties have been lost to us, but their cultivation again will induce hybridists to get new forms. The principal points in the culture of the Cistus is sun and a warm soil ; given these, the dwarfer species and varieties grow to perfection, making a great show of bloom in the summer months. They cross freely, but their rather tender character is against their indiscriminate use. In very hard winters the plants get cut up, and, not infrequently, killed. Tbey have, however, weathered fairly well the exceptional severity of the past few winters, damp being the greatest foe. Keen easterly winds, fogs, and wet after a spell of frost, are more injurious than actual cold. The soil should not be rich. As regards propagation, this may be done by cuttings, seeds, and layering. There are a number of kinds, both of tall and dwarf growth. We noticed the dwarf kinds blooming freely in the hot narrow border skirting the museum, facing the Palm-house at Kew ; and near the entrance to the gardens is the beautiful C. laurifolius, which is quite hardy, the leaves smooth on the upper surface, and broader than in the better-known C. ladaniferus, popularly- known as the gum Cistus. C. laurifolius is not so well known as it should be, although introduced from Spain about 160 years ago. The type has white flowers, but those of the variety are much larger, and blotched with intense purple-crimson at the base of each segment ; it is a shrub that should be in every garden, being free-flowering and effec- tive. The variety C. maculatus is distinct and handsome. A balsamic fragrance is given off by the shrub in hot weather, arising from a resinous exuda- tion of the leaves. V. Scotland. FRUIT, AND THE CROPS. The drought has been terrible, but we have with- stood it ever since last March. Fruit trees in the open have had a hard time, but I see the roots struggling away from home ; only root-pruned trees, as we do them, are green as Leeks, whilst two or three trees, as other peoplegenerally mutilate roots, late in the season, are suffering. Those which were lifted, replanted, and mulched, are loaded with fruit. The Peaches, from which fine crops are gathered every year, are in capital foliage. All garden crops are as fine as we could desire, and a month earlier than usual. Deep tilth defies drought. M. Temple. July 22, 1893.] THE GA SDENER S' CHR ONICL E. 89 REPORT ON THE CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS. [FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS, JULY, 1893.] The words " average" " over" or fi under" as the case may be, indicate the amount of the crop ; and "good" " very good" or " bad" indicate the quality. The counties are arranged in numbered groups, to correspond with those adopted in the Weather Reports of the Meteorological Department, and followed in our weekly Weather Tables. *** Fuller comments will be given in the following number. See also Leading Article on page 85. COUNTY. SCOTLAND- 0, Scotland, N. MORAYSHIRE NAIRNSHIRE ORKNEY ROSS-SHIRE SUTHERLANDSHIRE.... 1, Scotland. £. ABERDEENSHIRE BANFFSHIRE BERWICKSHIRE CLACKMANNANSHIRE EAST LOTHIAN FIFESHIRE FORFARSHIRE KINCARDINESHIRE KINROSS-SHIRE MIDLOTHIAN PEEBLESSHIRE PERTHSHIRE ROXBURGHSHIRE SELKIRKSHIRE .... WEST LOTHIAN.... 6, Scotland, W. ARGYLLSHIRE AYRSHIRE DUMFRIESSHIRE LANARKSHIRE ... RENFREWSHIRE STIRLINGSHIRE. Average; good Under Average; good Average; good Under; good Over; good APPLES. PEARS. Average Under Under Under Under ; good Good Average Average ; good Average ; good Average Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Average ; good Average Average Average Over ; good Under Average ; good Under Under Average; gocd Average ; very good Over Over ; good Over ; good Average Under Under Over ; good Under ; good Over ; very good Average Under Average; good Under Under Average; good Average Under Average; good Average ; very good Average Under Under ; good Under ; good Average ; good Under Under Under Average Under Under ; bad Under Under Average ; good Average ; very good Average Under ; good Over; good Over average Good Average Average ; good Under Average Under WIGTONSHIRE Under Under Average Average ; very good Over; good Average; good Average Average Average ; good Average ; good Average ; very good CHERRIES. Average Over ; good Over; good Under Under Under Over ; good.' Very good Average Under Over ; very good Average Over ; good Over; good Average ; good Over ; good Under Over Under Average Average Average ; good Average Under Under; good Over : very fine Over ; good Average ; good Over ; good Average Very good Over Average ; very good Average Average ; good Average ; good Average; good Bad Average; good Under Average; good Under Under Average; good Good Under Average; very good Over ; very good Average ; good Over ; good Over ; good Over ; good Over ; good Over ; very good Average Average Average ; good Over Under ; good Under Average; good Over ; very good Over; very fine Over Over ; very good Over ; good Over ; very good Gosd Over Average ; good Average Over ; very good Under ; good PEACHES and NEC- TARINES. Under APRICOTS. Over; good Average ; good Over ; good Under; good Under Over Over ; very good Under Good Under Under Over ; good Average ; good Average ; good None grown outside Over ; good None outside None outside Under ; good Average; verj good Under Average Bad Over ; very good Over ; good Under ; bad Under Bad Average ; good Under; good Under; good Average Over; good Good Average ; very good Under ; bad Average ; good Under Under Average ; good Over ; good Over; very gcod Average ; very good Under Average Average ; good Average; very good Over; good Over ; good Ovei ; good Average Bad Average Average Average ; good None outside Over ; very fine Over ; very good None outside Average Average ; good Under Average ; good Average; small Average ; good Average Average Average; good Under Average ; good Average ; good Under Very good Over Over; very good Under Average Over; good Under Under; gcod Under Under Average SMALL FRUITS. STRAW- BERRIES. Over ; good Over ; good Over ; good Average; good Under Average Average Average; good Very good Under Average ; very good Over ; very good Over; good Over; good Over ; good Over ; gcod Over ; good Over ; very good Very good Over Average; very gf^od Over ; good Over; good Over Average ; good Over ; very good Over ; very fine Over; very good Over ; very good Average ; good Over average Good Over Over ; very good Over ; very good Over; very good Average ; good Over ; good Over ; good Very good Over ; good Average ; good Under ; good Average Good ; tmall Under Over; good Over; very good Under ; small Average; good Average; good Under Under Average Average Average; good Good Average; good Average; good Under; good Average Average ; good Average; guod Under NUTS. Average Average ; good Average ; good Average; very good Under Average Over; very good Average ; good Average ; gojd Over Average ; good Average ; very good Average; verj Average; gocd good Under ; bi d Under; bad Average; good Over average Good Average ; very small Over; very good Under Average Under ; good Average Over; good Good Under; bad Over ; good Under ; good Average Under Average Average ; good Average ; good NAME AND ADDRESS. Chas. Webster, Gordon Castle, Fochabers D. Cunningham, Daroaway Castle Gardens, Forres Wm. Morrison, KilravockCa tie Gardens, Fort George Station James Maitland, Cawdor Castle Thos.Macdonald.BalfourCastle Gardens, Kirkwall Robert Massie, Ardross Castle D. Melville, Dunrobin Castle Gardens John Forrest. The Gardens, Haddo House, Aberdeen Simon Campbell, Fyvie Castle Gardens, Aberdeen George Tait. Castle Forbes, Whitehouse, Aberdeen William Jamieson, The Gar- dens, Ballindalloch Castle, Ballindalloch Robert Aikman, Duns Castle, Duns Thomas Ormiston, Alloa House Gardens. Alloa wpn Tlomas, Royal Gardens, Windsor Root. Fenn, Sulhamstsad, near Reading r. Tegz, Bearwood, Wokingham T. Strachan.Rose HillGard n-. Henley-on-Thames I. Howard, The Gardens, Ben- ham Park, Newbury T.Turton. The Gardens, Maiden Erlegh, Reading J. W. McHattie. Strathfield- saye Gardens, Mortimer The Gardener, Cauford Gar- dens, Wimborne Jas. Beck, Crichel G/arders, Wimborne W.G.Pragnell, Castle Garden?, Sherborne Thos. Denny, Down House Gar- dens, Blandford Joseph Benbow, Abbotsbury Castle Gardens 92 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 22, 1893. CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS— {Continued). COUNTY. 5. Southern Counties. HAMPSHIRE MIDDLESEX , SURREY SUSSEX WILTSHIRE 7, England, N.W. LANCASHIRE 8. England, S.W. CORNWALL DEVONSHIRE Over; good Average ; small Average ; good Over ; very good Average; very good Over; good Under Average; good Over ; good Average ; good Average Over ; very good Under; good Average; good Under Average Average ; bad Under aver- age; poor Average ; good Under ; good Over ; good Average ; good Under; good Over Average Average ; very good Under Over ; very good Under Over Over ; very good Under; gool Average Over; good Over; good Over ; good Average Under ; small Over Over ; small Over ; good Average ; good Over ; good Over ; very good Very good Average Average ; good Average Over; very good over Over; good Average ; good Over ; gool Under Average; good PEARS. CHERRIES. Orer ; good Over; very good Average; small Over; good Average Very good Average good Over ; very good Average Average Average ; good Average ; very good Under Bad Average ; good Good Average ; g< Average Average ; good Average ; good Over ; very good Under; good Average Under ; good Under aver- age ; poor Average Under ; good Over; very good Average ; good Under; good Very good Under ; good Average ; good Under Average; good Under Over Over; very good Under; good Under Under Over; very good Average ; very good Over ; very good Under; small Over Good Average ; good Under ; fair Average ; good Average ; good Good Fine Over; very good Over Orer ; very gool Average Average ; good Average ; good Average ; gool Under Average ; good Over ; good Average Average ; very good Average Very good ; Under; bad Average ; good Under Under Good Under average Over ; very good Average ; good Over; very good Under ; bad Over ; very good Average ; good Average Over ; good Average ; good Under ; good Under Under Average Under; good Under Over; good Over ; good Over ; good Over ; good Under ; good Over Over ; good Over; giod Under Over; good Good Fine Over ; good Over; very good Over ; bad Average Over ; very good Over Under Above average Over; very good Average Over average Average; good Average; very good Average ; good Average; very good Over ; ver y good Over; good Over ; extra good Average ; good Over; very good Average ; good Aver.i ge ; good Over ; good Average Good Average Average ; good Average Over Under; bad Over ; good Over PEACHES I and NEC- ' APRICOTS. TARINES. Over; very good Average Good Over; good Over; very good Over; good Average; good SMALL FRUITS. Under ; good Under Over ; good Under Average Over; very good Average ; good Average Average ; very good Average ; good Under; bad Average ; good Average ; good Average Average ; good Over ; very good Over ; good Average ; good Over ; good Average Average Average Over Over ; very good Average Over Over Average Good Average ; good Under Average; very Average; very good good Average ; good Over; very good Average ; over Over ; very good Average ; extra good Over Over ; good Under ; good Average ; good Average ; good Average Average ; good Average Over; good Average ; good quality Over ; good Average ; good Over ; good Over Average Average; good Average Average Very good Average Over ; good Over; good Under Over; small Average; good Average; good Over; good Over ; very good Over Over ; small Over ; good Over ; good Over; good Average ; good Over Over ; very good Average ; good Under Over ; very good Aver age Under ; bad Over average good Over ; good Over ; very good Average ; bad Over; gool Very good Average Over ; very good Average Over ; good Very good Average Over ; good Over; very good Average ; good Average, but small Over ; very good Over Average; good Over ; good Average; good Average Average ;sniill Over; very good Over; good Average Average Average Average Average Under Absve average Over ; good Under Under ; very small Over ; good Over Average; very good Very good Over ; very good Under Over ; good Average Over ; very good Over ; very good Average ; good Average Under Good Under average Very good Average ; good Over ; very good Average , bad Over ; very good Over Average Over ; good Average; good Over ; bad Average; email Average Average ; small Under Average Over ; good Over ; good Over ; good Over ; very good Over Under Over; good Over ; very good Over ; good Average ; good Average ; gocd Very good Very good Average ; good Over Over ; good Over ; good Average ; good Average Over; very good Over Average STRAW- BERRIES. NUTS. NAME AND ADDEESS. Average ; good Under ; bad Under ; small Average ; good Average; good Good, but small Average ; under Average; good Under Average ; good Average Average ; very good Over ; very good Under ; good Average Under Over; very good Over average ; good Under Under ; very fair Over; good Under; bad Under; good Very good Under Over ; very good Average ; good Under ; bad Over, and large Under Good Under Under Average ; good Average ; soon over Average ; good Good Average Under Average Average ; very good Average ; good Average ; good Average ; very good Fair Gcod Average Average Under Average Under Over ; good Over Over Over ; good Over Average ; good Average Average Under average Over Under ; good Over; good Very good Over Average Average ; gocd Over Average Average Over Average Over Average Over Average Under Over; good Under ; very good Over; good Average Under ; good Under ; very good Over ; very good Under Average ; good Over; very j good Average ; good Over ; good Under Average ; good Above average Avemge Ed. Molyneux, Swanmore Park Gardens. Bishop's Waltham A. Maxim. Heckfield Gardens, Winch field J. Bowerman. Hackwood Park, Basingstoke Wm. Smythe, The Gardens, Basing Park. Alton H. Irelaud, Wentworth Lodge, Bournemouth Henry Downer, Northcourt, Shorwell, Itde of Wight F. Moore, The Gardens, Blen- don. Bexley, Kent Wm. CraiK, Hothfield Gardens, Ash ford V. Court, The Greys, Lynsted, Sittingbourne George Woodward, Barham Court Gardens, Maidstone H. Markham, Mereworth Castle Gardens, Maidstone Henry Elliott, The Gardens, Wildernesse, Sevenoaks A. J. Ballhatchet, The Gardens, Fulham Palace John W. Odell, The Grove, Stanmore Geo. Wythes, Syon House Gardens, Brentford, W. William Bates, Cross Deep, Twickenham W. Watson, Harefield Place, Uxbridge A. F. Barron, Chiawick Tames Friend, Rook's-nest Gar- dens, God i tone E. Burrell, Claremoat A. Evans, Lythe Hill, Hasle- mere W. Whalley, Addiogton Park Farm, Croydon G. W. Cummins, The Grange Gardens, Carshalton, Surrey W. C. Leach, Albury Park Gardens, Guildford G. B. Baskett, Eashing Park, Godalming J. F. MoLeod, Dover House Gardens, Roehamptou Thos. Osman, The Gardens, Ottershaw Park. Chertsey C. Papworth, The Gardens Rid- ding^court, Caterham Valley Jno. Miller, Ruxley Lodge, Esher C. J. Salter, Woodhatch Lodge Gardens, Reigate Joseph Rust, Eridge Castle [hurst F. Geeson. Cowdray Park, Mid- Alex. Reid, Jun., Possingwonh Gardens, Cross - in - Hand, Hawkhurst H. C. Prinsep. Buxted Park, Uckfield N. J. 0., Handcross Park, Crawley W. H. Smith . West Deau Park Gardens, Chichester E. Burbury, Castle Gardens, Aruudel H. W. Ward, Longford Castle Gardens, Salisbury Thomas King, The Castle Gar- dens. Devizes ,1. Trollope, Longleat Gardens, Warminster W. A. Cook, Comptoa Bassett, Calne J. Hathaway, Lathom House, Ormskirk Wm. P. Roberts, The Gardens, Cuerden Hall, Preston W. B. Upjohn, Worsley Hall Gardens, Worsley T. Hargreaves, The Ga-dent, Ashton Hall, near Lancaster 3. M. Master, Gawthorpe Hall, Burnley George Hall, Port Eliot Gar- dens, St. Germans K. Mitchell, Tdhidy Park, Ctimborne Chas. Lee, Boconnoc, Lost- withiel Tames Murton, Pencalenick, Truro 3eo. Baker, Membland, Ply- mouth Tames Enstone, 38, Temple Road. Exeter W. Stewart, The Gardens, Arlington Court, Barnstaple T. Ollernead, Rousdon, Lyme Regis D. C. Powell, Powderham Castle, Exet r Jdlt 22, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 93 CONDITION OF THE FRUIT CROPS— (Continued). COUNTY. APPLES. PEARS. PLUMS. CHERRIES. PEACHES AND NEC- TARINES. APRICOTS. SMALL FRUITS. STRAW- „TTT(= BERRIES. JXUlh. NAME AND ADDRESS. 8, England, S.W. GLOUCESTERSHIRE Over; g:od Average Over ; good Average ; very good Over ; very good Over; very good Over ; good Under ; bad Average Wm. Greenaway, Dodington Gardens, Chipping Sodbury Over ; good Under Over ; good Over ; good Average; good Over ; good Over ; good Average ; very gool Under T. E. Arnold, The Gardens, Cirencester House Average Under Over ; good Average Average ; good Average ; good Average Average Average; good John Sowray, Highnam Court, Gloucester Average ; Under ; bad Over; good Average ; Average ; Over; good Average ; Average ; Average Alexander Scott, Sherborne Good good good small small House, Northleach Average ; bad Under Average Under Average Over ; very good Over ; good Average William Nash, Badminton Gardens, Chippenham Over ; good Average ; Average ; Average; Over; good Average ; Average ; Under ; good Average ; I. Cleare, The Gardens, Tod- good goon good good good good dington, Winchcomb Over ; good i Over ; very Over ; good Average ; Over ; good Over ; good Average ; Average ; Over ; good Thomas Shingles, The Gardens, good good good good Tortworth, Falfield HEREFORDSHIRE Average ; Average ; good good Average ; bad Over ; good Willington, Hereford Under ' Under; good Under ; bad Average; good Under ; good Over; good Average; good Average ; good Average ; bad Thos. Spencer, Goodrich Court Gardens, Ross Average; good Under; good Over ; good Over; very gool Over ; good Over ; good Over ; very good Under ; bad Average ; verj good Frank Harris, The Gardens, Eavtnor Castle. Ledbury Average ; good Under; good Average ; good Over ; very good Average ; good Over ; very good Over ; »ery good Average ; good uver A. Ward, Stoke Edith Gar- dens, Hereford Average ; good Under; good Under ; goad Over ; very good Average ; very good Average ; good Over ; very good Over ; very good Average ; goor* Jeo. Milne, The Gardens, Tit- ley Court, Titley MONMOUTHSHIRE Average Average ; good Under Average Average ; good Average; good Over Thomas Coomber, The Hendre, Monmouth SOMERSETSHIRE Average Average Over; very Average W. Hallett. Cossington House Farm, Bridgwater good Under Under Under Under Over Good Good Average Average H. Noble, Ashton Court Gar- dens. Bristol Average; good Under; very good Average; good Over ; very good Average ; good Over Average Under Average W. Iggulden, Marston House Gardei s, Frpme WORCESTERSHIRE Over ; small Average ; good Under Average; good Over; good Over ; good Over ; good Over ; good Walnuts abundant A. Young. Abberley Hall Gar- dens, Stourport Under ; good Average ; good Over ; good Over ; good Over ; very good Over ; very gOOd Over; very Average; very good good Over ; gool John Austen, Wit ley Court Gardens, Stourport Under Under Average Average ; good Average Over ; good Average; good| Average ; good Under James Aston, Cotheridge Court, near Worcester Good Under Very gool Average Good Very good Good Under Good f. Matthews. Burford, Tenbury Under; good Under ; bad Average ; good Average; small Over ; very good Over ; very good Average ; small Under ; small Average ; good W. Crump, Madresfield Court, Malvern WALES. BRECONSHIRE Average ; good: Under; gocd Over ; good Over ; very good Over ; good Over ; very good Over ; very good Average ; good Over ; good Crickhowell CARDIGANSHIRE Over ; very Average Average Average ; good Average ; gocd Average ; good Over ; very Average Under R. C. Williams, Crosswood good good Park, Aberybtwith CARMARTHENSHIRE ... Average Average Over Over A vet age Over Average ; good L. Bowen, EdwinBford.Llandilo Average A vera 6 e Under Average Under Under Average Average ; gocd Allan Colder, Vaynol Gardens, Bangor DENBIGHSHIRE Average ; good Under; good Average ; good Over; gocd Over ; good Over ; good Average ; verj good Average; good Wynnstay, Ruabon Average ; good Under Average Over Over ; good Over ; very gool Over ; good Under ; bad Under Walter Weir, Acton Park Gar- dens, Wrexham FLINTSHIRE Average ; good Averagp ; good Over ; very good \verage ; good Over ; very good Average ; very good James Barnard, Mostyn Hall Gardens, Mostyn Good Very good Very good Average Good Very good Good Good Average John Forsyth, Hawarden Castle GLAMORGANSHIKE Over ; very Average; verj Over ; very Over ; very Over; very Average ; verj Over; very Over ; very Average R. Milner, Penrice Castle Gar- good good gCOd good good good good good dens, Swansea Over ; good Over ; good Average ; good Average Avers ge Average; good A. lettigrew, Castle Gardens, Average Over ; very good Over ; very Over ; very gcod Unoer ; bad Average Over ; very good Average ; ven Average Average Over J. Muir, Margam Park, Port Over ; very Over ; very Average ; good Average ; good Average; good C. Hibbert, Craig-y-nos Castle good good good gt-Od Gardens, Swansea Valley MERIONETHSHIRE Over ; very good Average ; good Over ; good Over ; very good Over; good Over ; very good Average ; good Average Jas. Bennett, Rhug, Corwen MONTGOMERYSHIRE ... Average ; good Average ; good Avtrage; good Average ; gcod Vverng.*; good Over ; good Over ; good Over; g30d Over ; very good Over ; very good Average; good Average ; good Average; good John Lambert, Powis Castle Gardens, Welshpool T. H., Garden House, Gregy- nog Newtown PEMBROKESHIRE Over ; good Over ; good Over ; good Average; good Good Average Geo. Griffin. Slebeck Park, Haverfordwest IRELAND - 9, Ireland, N. ANTRIM Under ; bad Under ; good Average ; good : Average : very Geo. Porteous, Garron Tower, good Belfast ARMAGH .. Over; good Over; very good Average; gocd Average ; good Average Average ; good Under Average Ovtr ; very T. Sheasby, Castle Dillon Gar- CAVAN Average ; good dens son, Belturbet DOWN Under Under Average ; good Average Jas. Taylor, Mountstewart, Newtownards Aveiage Average Over Under Over ; very good Under Trios. Ryan, Castlewellan Gar- GALWAY Over ; very good Average ; good Over ; very good Average ; good Average ; verj good good Ballinasloe MEATH Average ; giod Over ; v.ry gocd Over ; good Under ; good Average ; good Average ; good Under ; good Under ; good Over ; good Over ; good Average; good WESTMEATH Over ; very good lone 10, Ireland, S. CORK Over Average Over; good Average Average Avera ge good good Castle Gardens Average ; good Under ; good Under; bad Average; good Over ; very Under ; bad I. Woolford, Gardener, Castle good Bernard. Bandon KILDARE Over; good Average Average Average Average Under Average I. Wyke, The Gardens, Bishops Court, Straff an crop KILKENNY Over; very good Average ; good it j Average Average ; good Under; H. Carlton, Kilkenny Castle Gardens very good { Walnuts good WICKLOW , Average ; good Average Over Over Average Average Over ruddery. Bray CHANNEL ISLANDS. ISLE OF JERSEY Over; good Average ; good Over ; good Over ; good , i , Average ; good Average Saviour's, Jersey 3. Smith & Son, Caledonia ISLE OF GUERNSEY .. Over ; good Over ; very Over; good Over ; good Average; good Average; good Average; good Average; good good Nursery, Guernsey ISLE OF MAN Average Average Under Over; very good Over ; very good Average; good lames Murphy, Cronkbourne Gardens, Douglas ISLES OF SCILLY Average Average Average , Jas Jenkin Tresco Abbey Gdns. g 94 THE GABDENEFS' CHRONICLE. [July 22, 1893. THE CAMPHOR' TRADE IN FORMOSA. It is satisfactory to note, from a recently-issued report on the trade of Tainau, China, that the trade in camphor shows an improvement, and bids fair to become a very important factor in the commerce of South Formosa. This product of Cinnamomum camphora has for some years past been a fluctuating commodity, but we are told that during the past year 5441 cwt. of camphor wereexported'from Tainau to Hong-KoDg, as compared with 2542 cwt. in the previous year. The Government monopoly for a long time rendered it impossible for foreigners to take any part in the trade. In 1889, 759 cwt. only were exported. In 1891 the export reached 2524 cwt., but owing to the heavy so-called frontier defence-tax, which was imposed at the time the Government monopoly was abolished, it did not seem likely that any expansion of the trade would take place. The high prices ruling in Hong-Kong have, however, induced foreign merchants to take an in- terest in the trade, and there are now several foreign firms employing Chinese agents to purchase camphor in Mid-Formosa. The result is, that the export for the year under review has risen to 5441 cwt., and the trade seems to show every prospect of increasing. The price for camphor delivered in Hong-KoDg ranged from £4 16s. to £7 10s. per picul of 133J lb., and at one time rose to £8 14s. At these rates very handsome profits were made, and merchants could afford to pay the heavy tax alluded to above. The central districts of For- mosa are very thickly wooded, and there is no fear of the camphor supply becoming exhausted for many years— some hundreds, the Chinese declare ; still, it is a matter of much regret that the officials take no steps to enforce planting. TheBe districts are appa- rently more accessible to Chinese than those further north, for, so far, they have not suffered from savage raids, and the camphor distillers work in peace, un- disturbed by their neighbours on the other side of the frontier. From the north, on the contrary, we hear, not unfrequently, of distilleries broken up, and distillers murdered. Although the Government monopoly has been abandoned, there are not wanting signs of an attempt on the part of certain subordinate officials to create a monopoly in one of the richest of the central camphor districts. In Yun-lin, lying to the east of Changhwa, there are one or two Chinese hongs en- gaged in the camphor business. TheBe hongs give employment altogether to bix camphor distilleries, the only ones at present in the place. Foreign merchants are anxious to start a business in Yiin-lin, but are prevented by the action of the so-called camphor office, the official in charge asserting that under the camphor regulations of 1869 foreign merchants or their Chinese employed are allowed to purchase camphor up country, but that no provision is made for their em- ploying natives to distil camphor ; that, in conse- quence, unless they can purchase camphor from the distilleries already at work, they cannot be permitted to engage in the business, as to hire labour for the distilling of camphor is contrary to the regulations since made by the Governor of the Island. The objection raised is, of course, frivolous in the extreme, but not the less likely on that account to seriously interfere with the interests of the foreign merchants engaged in the camphor trade in Tainau. full of flowers. Will you kindly add its correct name to this note? C, Wolley Bod, Edge Hall, Malpas. [The plant sent is C. lactiflora, which is very variable. Ed.] The Alpine Garden. ■• CAMPANULA LACTIFLORA, Bicb. A few months ago a nurseryman in Switzerland announced in the Gardeners' Chronicle that he had a new alpine from the Caucasus named Campanula lactiflora, which grew 1 foot high, and was very good for rockeries. I sent a note in reply, saying that C. lactiflora (M. B ) had been cultivated in English gardens for at least fifteen years, and that it grew in my garden (rom 5 to 8 feet high, having flowers which varied in colour from dark purple to nearly white. It was answered that my plant must be something else, and could not be true C. lactiflora. I now send a piece of a plant which I have just measured, and which is 7 feet 6 inches high, with a large number of primary and secondary branches The Week's Work. THE FLOWER GARDEN. By T. H. CBASP. HERBACEOUS BORDERS. — The Delphiniums, perennial Phloxes, and a host of other good plants, will be in flower this month, giving a good deal of work in staking and tying the plants. Any patches of annuals which may be past their beBt, should be cleared away. If seed-saving is desired, it is a good plan to cut the flower-spikes directly the lower seed- pods begin to ripen, stick them in pots filled with wet sand, and place under them a large sheet of paper, to catch the seed; this is best done under glass, and it prevents seed being lost by the wind blowing it away. Viola and Pansy seed, if sown now upon a shady border, and kept moist, will soon germinate. They may then be pricked out [in beds, and transplanted when large enough to the sites where they will all flower. Pansies which flowered late should now be cut back, the soil stirred between them, and a good mulching of well-decayed manure afforded. Seeds of Digitalis, Aquilegia, Antirrhinum, &c, should be sown at this time. Gladiolus, Hollyhocks, Lilium auratum, Hyacinthus candicans, Asters, Anemone japonica, Sweet Peas, Helenium autumnale, and many others Bhould be afforded liquid manure in large quantity, and a mulching of rotted manure. Choice varieties of rhizomatous sections of Iris may be increased at this season by division, and there is time to get them well established before winter. In the case of large clumps of Irises in the border, it is a good plan to lift them entirely, and properly renovate the soil by digging into it rotted manure and burnt earth, and then to plant a few pieces of the rhizomes according to the size the clump is re- quired to be. Those not wanted for the border may be planted in nursery beds for future use. The propa- gation of Iris by seed is slow work unless new varieties are wished for ; and in such case the seed may now be sown in boxes or pans of sandy soil placed in a cold frame. The seed will germinate next spring, and with attention in regard to pricking off, Sic, the seedlings will be sufficiently large to plant out next year. The plants will flower in two or three years. Phlox Bubulata is the best of the creeping species of Phlox, and it and its varieties are well adapted for rockery planting, the front row of the border, or for spring bedding. They are raised from cuttings inserted at this season in pans of sandy soil or cold frames. The cuttings must be shaded from bright sunshine until they root. These form good plants for use next spring. Cut- tings of the alpine Wallflowers, such as Cheiranthus mutabilis, Helveticus Marshalli, &c, will also root unier the same treatment. Carnation seed, if sown at once in pans or boxes, will also produce flower- ing plants next year. Seed may be saved of good varieties. Beds or clumps of Narcissus, Colchicums, &c, that have been in the soil for two years, should be lifted, dried, and stored away for planting again in the autumn. No time should be lost in planting out the various Bpecies of autumn Crocus. PLANTS UNDER GLASS. By B. Wadds, Gardener, Birdsnll Manor, York. STOVE FLOWERING-PLANTS.— Considerable at- tention will be required at the present season to eradicate and keep in check the insect-pests which prey on the inmates of the stove, which this season in particular are very abundant. There are not many gardens or nurseries in the country where considerable numbers of stove- plants are grown, that are not troubled with mealy-bug, and I think greater vigilarce should be shown everywhere in extermina- ting it. This can be done. In those private places where it does not exist, great care should ba taken when plants are introduced from nurseries or other gardens. I have pitched many bug-infested plants into the furnace at the risk of severe censure by my employers, rather than run the risk of having the houses overrun, but at the present time so many effec- tive remedies can be obtained, that there is no need to be troubled with it at all. Where a stove is badly infested, apply either Chelsea Blight, Lemon- oil, Petroleum Emulsion, or Fowler's Insecticide, and follow up the dressings till the houses and plants are thoroughly clean, syringing weekly for two months afterwards, whether a mealy-bug is seen or not ; and not only the plants, but every bit of the woodwork and walls twice over, each time backwards and forwards, turning the plants round after the first syringing where possible. For strength of insecticide to use, follow the directions. It is not one or two applications that will prove effective, [but continued syringings; and the cost may be considerable, but it will be paid for in the end. Let the insecticide dry on the plants before the daily washings of clean water are afforded. When stocking new houses with plants, or when houses have been thoroughly cleared of the pest, a house should be set apart in which to place new plants till it is certain that they are clean. Thrips, red-spider, aphis, and scale are easily kept out, compared with mealy-bug. CLERODENDRON BALFOURIANUM AND C. THOMPSONl.that were started early, should have the old flowers removed as soon as possible, the shoots thinned where crowded, affording good waterings, and keeping the foliage clean till the wood is ripe ; then less water will be needed, and a cooler house. FOLIAGE PLANTS FOR DINNER-TABLE DECORA- TION.— A suitable selection of these plants for cul- tivating in small pots for the coming winter should be made, as many of each sort according to the needs of the family and size of the table. The plants will require to be kept in as small pots as possible consistent with their good development, and the habit should be light, and of pleasing outline, not so dense as to obstruct the view across the table. The heightof the plants mayrange from 6 to 18 inches. During growth they should be placed where they will not be crowded with other plants, and will get light and air, so that they may grow into nice form. Generally speaking, liquid or other manure will have to be afforded, and perfect cleanliness must prevail ; being grown in small pots, care must be taken that they do not get dry at the roots. A useful size of pot is the large 60 and small 48. Palms and Crotons may be used as pairs in 6 inch pots, when vases have to be filled, but usually this size is too large for the dinner-table, and difficult to cover with foliage. Some of the most useful plants are Cocoa Weddeliana, Cy- perus alternifolius, C. a. variegatus, Pandanus Veitchii, Aralia Veitchii, A. gracillima, Curculigo recurvata, Rivinia humilis, also small- flowering plants of Primula sinensis and P. obconia, small seedling plants of the common Asparagus, Adiantum cunea- tum, A. gracillimum, Pteris tricolor. The above do very well in 3-inch pots. Of others there are Croton majesticus, C. Wissmanni, C. Heathii elegans, C. angustifolia, Cordyline indivisa, Kentia Belmoreana, Euterpe edulis, Dracajna gracilis, D. elegantissima, D. albo-marginata, D. terminalis, D. rubra do well in the larger sized pot. Selaginellas, Panicum varie- gatum, Tradescantias, Fittonias, and Caladjum argyrites, also small plants of scented Geraniums are nice things when grown in small pots, and for a change pairs of small Araucaria excelsa are effective in 4-inch pots. FRUITS UNDER GLASS. By M. Temple, Gardener, Carron House, Falkirk, N.B. THE PINERY. — It is a practice with some gar- deners to have certain dates for potting and arranging Pine-houses, but it is a better system to attend to the requirements of the plants as soon as they indi- cate that more room in the pots or for the leaves is necessary. Crowding is often practised when there ia not space to hold all the plants when fruiting, and the suckers, in such cases, are rendered weakly ; but it would be better to throw away some of the stock of plants rather than crowd them together, especially whilst actively growing. Where the pots are of various sizes, some will become full of roots, while others are not half filled ; the watering in such cases requires great attention, or some plants may become sodden, while others suffer from lack of moisture; moreover, soils vary much, and a heavy close loam will need less water than a sandy loam, or the kind of peat which some cultivators make use of. Loosely- potted plants are also more likely to suffer from excess than those that are firmly potted. Pines bloom prematurely by allowing the roots to become pot-bound, or the soil too dry at this season ; and they show fruit during the autumn, when only large well developed plants can produce finely-swelled Pine-apples; extreme dryness causing the Pine to fruit, but at expense of size and general excellence. VINES. — The cracking of soil in outside borders should be prevented by the use of the prong or digging-fork, mulching it afterwards. The shanking of the berries is often caused by mere surface- na'.ering whilst the soil at a lower depth is dry. The roots are by this state of things forced to descend into perhaps inert cold subsoil ; and with abundant July 22, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 95 surface-dressings of suitable artificial manure the roots low down may be starving, because the water- ings have not been copious enough to reach them, certainly a dry state of the lower parts of a border will set up shanking. All bunches should be care- fully examined, and if there should be any stoneless or shanked berries, these should be removed. Over- cropped Vines suffering by reason of cessation of nutriment from the roots, are liable to become limp and sometimes rusty before they are quite ripe. Allow laterals to grow, and keep the temperature steady while the fruits are colouring. It is better to have a moderate crop of fine fruit than a heavy crop of poor quality. PEACHES. — The stopping of gross wood is very necessary, but the relieving of the trees from wood which has fruited, can only be of service where growth is weak, and to aid the fruiting of the shoot-wood for next season. Crowding should never be allowed to exist, but the removal of gross growth indiscrimi- nately, and all at one time, may induce the wood which is left to form prematurely prominent buds ; and then when forcing is progressing, bud-dropping may be a source of trouble. STRAWBERRIES.— It is often necessary for want of more suitable space, to place newly-potted Straw- berries on walks and other places where worms abound, but it would save much trouble if such spaces were drenched with clear lime-water before the plants are placed upon them. There are worm- destroyers which serve the purpose of ridding the gravel of these pests effectually. When the roots have grown freely, tbe water supply must be increased, under watering causes splitting of crowns. melons. — It is a mistake to allow Melon plants to become pot-bound before planting them in their fruiting quarters. Though firm soil is conducive to free fruiting, the roots cannot remain cramped in firm soil with safety. GRAFTED TREE8. — The stem-growths on late- grafted trees should be cut off, as well as the ties round scions that are increasing in size, securing the latter to sticks. If American blight be observed when the grafting clay is removed, at once use the petroleum and Gishurst Compound insecticide as advised in a former Calendar. THE HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. By T. Turto.v. Gardener, Maiden h'rlegh, Reading. PEACHES AND NECTARINES.— The rains gene- rally experienced have brought cooler weather, the prevailing conditions being favourable for vegeta- tion. New growth on Peaches and Nectarines should be tied in, first dipping the points of the shoots in tobacco- water, it the black aphis is present. The operator must be careful not to let any of the liquid drop on to the fruits. Expose the fruits of mid- season and late varieties to the sun by removing leaves, or placing them behind the fruits. In some cases it may be necessary to push out the fruits from the wall, which can be easily done by placing bits of plasterer's laths behind them. The syringing of the trees must cease directly the first fruits show signs of ripening. APRICOTS — If wasps are troublesome, fruils may be gathered before they are quite ripe, and placed in shallow nicely-papered boxes, in a vinery where the Grapes are ripe, and from which wasps are excluded. Here, in two or three days the fruits will ripen perfectly, and be fit for preserving or dessert. APPLES. — Where the fruits were thinned some weeks ago, it will in some cases be found that some trees are yet carrying a too heavy crop, and these Bhould again have fruits thinned off. Where there are many treeB thinning, the thinnings cannot be used in the kitchen, and rather than allow the trees to be too severely cropped, till the fruits may be required for use it will be best to give them away. Where fruits are required for exhibiting of Peasgood's Nonsuch, Duchess of Oldenburgb, &c., which carry such a beautiful bloom, and which are much impaired in appearance if they get rubbed, should have all the leaves that may cause such injury removed, cutting them off with a pair of scissors. STRAWBERRIES.— All layering should be finished very shortly, especially if a full crop of fruit be looked for next year. Runners may also be cut from the mother plants, planted out on a shady border in rows at 1 foot apart and 9 inches in the row. Here they will make good plants for forming plantations next spring, and these plants, if they are not allowed to bear fruit next year, will produce fine crops the fol- lowing year. All plantations from which runners are not required must have the same trimmed off, and the litter and weeds cleared up. In the case of young beds of Vicomtesse He>icart du Thury which may promise an autumn crop, unless the ground is foul with weeds, the strawy litter may be allowed to remain, thus saving the same amount of labour. THE KITCHEN GARDEN. By H. C. Pri.vsep, Gardener, Biizted Park, Uckfield. WINTER SPINACH.— The surface-soil being new moist, is in good condition to receive the seed for the main crop of Spinach. It is a mistake to suppose that this plant withstands frost the best if the plants are small at that season, and my experience is that the opposite holds good, strong well-grown plants being better than small weak plants. The drills should be at least 1 foot apart, and if the ground be in very good heart, 1} foot will be found a better distance, the foliage having then space for full development. As soon as the seedlings have grown to a size large enough to be handled conveniently, they should be thinned to at least 3 inches apart, and when the leaves touch there should be a further thinning. If the plants that are drawn at these thinnings are not required for filling-up purposes, they may be used in the kitchen. When finally thinned, the plants should be left at 1 foot apart. Spinach does best on land which is rich at the sur- face, the plants growing then freely, whilst of small size. It is not prudent to dig into the land a quan- tity of fresh manure, as it induces rank growth at a late part of the autumn when the roots have reached it ; and such foliage is often cut down by the early frosts, and the plants rendered almost useless. AUTUMN ONIONS.— Though it is yet a little too early for the sowing of Onions to stand the winter, it is well to take advantage of the moist condition of the soil, as the seed will germinate now more freely than if the land became dry. If the plants should get too forward they may be transplanted early in the month of September, which will check growth and leave time for the roots to take fresh hold. For early use, the Queen is a good variety to sow, fair bulbs being obtainable usually early in April ; and by the middle of May, they are fully grown. Since tbia variety was introduced, a more trustworthy crop of spring Onions can be obtained than formerly, the plants seldom running to seed. TURNIPS. — When Potatos are dug up, the ground may be levelled and sown with Chirk Castle, Black Stone, Veitch's Hed Stone, Golden Ball, &c. If the seed be sown to produce greens in the spring months, it is not necessary to thin the plants bo much as when roots are the main thing, still ample space should be left in each case, so as to ensure strong plants. GREEN CROPS. — Savoys for late use, Broccoli Kale, and late Sprouts, may still be planted. SALADS. — These will now grow more freely than during the drought. Mustard and Cress, which is apt to damp off in very wet weather, should be pro- tected from rain. Radish seed should be sown at intervals of a fortnight, Endive and Lettuce trans- planted as occasion serves. HERBS. — Make a sowing of Chervil on a warm border. Put in cuttings of Lemon Thyme in a cold frame, as it is a plant that gets destroyed by severe frost. Sage shoots should be layered, choosing strong ones for the purpose. Savory, and the supply of Basil, herbs in frequent request, should be kept up. Young Celery for flavourings, and any other herbs required in a young state, should be sown, to keep up the supply, THE ORCHID HOUSES. By W. Holmes, Gardener, Pickering Lodge, Timperley. MASDEVALLIAS.— Those of the Chimsra section of Masdevallia should now be examined as to the state of the materials, drainage, &c. All of ours are grown in baskets, which are hung up in the house where the Miltonia vexillarias are grown. At this overhauling, the plants should be dipped in a weak solution of Fir-tree oil, which will kill the red-spider, which sometimes infests them, and causes the undersides of the leaves to become of a brown colour. Tbe compost that best suits these plants is one consisting of peat and sphagnum moss, rather more of the latter than of peat, the flower- spikes ruoie easily finding an exit through it to the bottom and sides of the basket. Miltonia vexillaria rubella and M. v. supeiba are varieties worthy of being included in the choicest collections, and they come into flower one month later than the large-flowered forms. Miltonia v. superba is a very distinct and pleasing form, and I find that M. v. rubella is a better grower than those M. vexillaria with larger flowers. CATTLEYA8 — Cattleya Dowiana, C. D. aurea, and the supposed natural hybrids between C. aurea and C. Sanileriana, are finishing up their pseudobulbs and flower-sheaths, and should not lack water at the root. The bright weather we have hitherto had has just suited these species, the spikes and the plants will flower next month and September, which is the period when a number of these so-called hybrids flower. After flowering at this season, they should be re- moved to a cooler and airier part of the house. C. aurea is the freer flowering of the two, besides being the most gorgeous species of Cattleya, and it doe3 not require the great amount of heat that is often recommended for it, as there are plants of it at Pickering Lodge which are grown in various pans of the Cattleya- house which differ as much as 10°, and those plants at the cooler part are quite as strong and as forward as those placed at the hotter. These plants are cultivated in shallow Teak baskets, with a very small quantity of materials about the roots ; these consist of crocks, peat, and sphagnum moss. The plants hang close up to the roof, and there is no difference in their health or flowering whether hung on the north or south side of the house, Cattleya Rex will turn out to be a grand addition to Cattleyas when fully established. THE APIARY. By Expert. WASP8. — These are almost as great a nuisance to the bee-keeper as to the fruit grower, and the warm dry weather has suited them so well that they have in some places increased and multiplied to an alarming extent, and commenced their depreda- tions earlier in the year than usual. They not only find their way into the hives, bent on stealing the honey, but they attack and kill the bees as well, and carry their bodieB off piecemeal to their nests. Strong stocks are able to defend themselves better than the weak ones, and it is a great help to them to narrow the entrances to the hives, so that only one or two wasps can pass at a time. Chilly nights and mornings seem to place the bees at the greatest disadvantage, as wasps are active and able to fly at a lower temperature than bees, and at such times they seem to have it all their own way. One of the best ways of catching the wasps is to place small-necked bottles about the hives containing a little beer, sweetened with treacle or sugar, into which they will find their way and get drowned. The bees will be quite safe, as they will not touch this mixture. The wasp nests, too, should be sought out and destroyed, and if they are in the open, one of the easiest and most expeditious ways of doing it is to pour in some tar. Should the nest be in a bank or other place where tar cannot be applied, they will rarely be able to get out if the entrance is blocked up with wadding soaked in turpentine. CONDEMNED BEES. — Where bees are wanted they can be obtained in most country districts to almost any extent for the asking, or at the rate of Gd. per ekep from cottagers who are in the habit of sulphuring their bees. Arrangements should be made to drive them as early as possible, so that they may have plenty of time to get established as fresh colonies. It is generally necessary in order to make a good colony to put the bees from two or three straw skeps together into one frame hive ; and they do much better if built-out combs can be pro- vided, as th» labour and exhaustion of building comb is saved them. These bees are very useful for strengthening weak stocks, but great care must be taken iu uniting, or fighting is sure to take place. The safest way is to get the new-comers established in a hive stood at the side of the colony to which they are to be joined, and then unite in the ordi- nary way, by transferring the frames after both lots have been dusted with flour. CLOSE OF THE SEASON. — The season of honey gathering has almost finished, and the sooner extract- ing is completed the better, as the honey will leave the combs better now than later on, when it gets thick. Filled sections should be taken away, and those not finished put back in the hive, in the centre of the crate if it is thought there is any chance of getting them completed. If not, they too should be passed through the extractor, and then returned to the b'-es to be cleared out. 96 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [July 22, 1893. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Letters for Publication. — All eommuntcations intended for publication, as well a* specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. 41, Welling* ton Street, Covent Garden, London. Communica- txons should be written on one sn>E only of the paper, sent as early in the week as possible, and duly signed by the writer. If desired, the signature will not be printed, but kept as a guarantee of good faith. The Editor does not undertake to pay for contributions, or to return unused communications, or illustrations, unless by special arrangement. Plants, Ac, to be Named.— Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research for their solution, must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. Specimens should be carefully packed and numbered, and not more than six should be sent at one time. Local News. — Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Illustrations.— Photographs or drawings, suitable for repre- duction in these pages, of gardens, or of remarkable plants, flowers, trees, S(C., are particularly solicited; but the Editor cannot be responsib'e for loss or injury. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editor to see. Advertisements should be sent to the PUBLISHER. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. TUESDAY, MEETI NGS. i Royal Horticultural Society : Com- July 25< mitteesLat the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, WEDNESDAY, July 26 { ^me^ade™ S°Ciety = Musical TUESDAY, S HOWS. Jl'LY 25— Tibshelf Rose. {Gardening; and Forestry Exhibi- tion : Carnations and Picotees. Beckenham Horticultural. THURSDAY. JULY 27 | %£££&„. SATURDAY, July 29-Bedale Rose. FRIDAY, SALE. JuLy 2g ( Orchids, at Protheroe &. Morris' i Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS. AT CHISW1CK.— 63°.4. Few perennials have a nobler A new forage tx i t \. plant. effect on a lawn, or anywhere where there is sufficient space, than Polygonum sachalinense. One drawback it has, and that is, that it throws up its great Asparagus-like shoots in profusion, and not always where they are wanted. A gravel path, as we know, offers no obstaole to this very " pushing " intruder. In the following letter, M. Bai/tet oalls our attention to the value of the plant for forage purposes. P. cuspidatum, which has a similar habit, but which is of smaller dimensions, might, in its degree, answer equally well, but we have no personal knowledge whether or not the leaves, fresh or dry, would be acceptable to stock : — " The severe drought we have passed through this year, will, we think, enable horticulture to come to the aid of agriculture as it did with regard to Vine- growing twenty-five years ago, in introducing the practice of grafting vines on the American stocks. Polygonnm sachalinense, the subject now under con- sideration, is a perennial plant, hardy and vigorous, bearing with equal indifference extremes of heat in summer, and cold in winter. " We have cultivated this plant since its intro- duction into France, for purely decorative purposes. The yonng white shoots are eatable, but they do not rival Asparagus, while its Bplendid foliage may be made use of for garnishing dessert and for packing fruit. " Moreover, the trials of M. Doomet-Adan- son on the forage nses of our Polygoneaa trans- mitted to the Acad^mie des Sciences by M. Duchartbe, and the communications we have made to the Society Nationale dAgriculture of France have brought the plant into notice, and called the attention of cultivators to it. " The Persicaria, or Sakhalin Polygonum, was dis- covered by the Russian explorer, Maximowicz, in the Isle of Sakhalin, situated in the Ssa of Okhotsk, between Japan and Siberia, a moderately large island, ceded to Kussia by Japan in exchange for the Kourile Archipelago. " In 1869, our friend Edouard Andre noticed this new introduction in the Jardin dAcclimatation of Moscow, where it was exceedingly decorative, and brought it into France, telling us of its vigorous growth both above and below ground. " The roots in fact branch on all sides, and pass horizontally from the rhizomes, penetrating the hardest soils, and giving origin to new shoots which further increase the size of the clnmp. "The stems are numerous and closely set; they vegetate early, and are not long in attaining a height of nearly 10 feet, although the first frosts may attack the tips. Small, long, zig-zag ramifications develop in the middle and at the top of the plant. "The foliage is most effective, the leaves being alternate, distichous, oval-oblong, measuring 12 to 15 inches long, by 9J broad, and smooth with no trace of hairs. The petiole is carmine, the stem when developing shows a reddish tinge on a green background. The dull white flowers appear in small axillary bunches, growing together in long panicu- late fascicles and clusters which bend slightly under their own weight. The bees visit freely the plant in autumn, but it is remarked that the bloom does not appear on a plant regularly cut for forage purposes. " The experiments made at Baleine are sufficiently conclusive as regards the question of fodder. A young plant put into the ground is not slow in cover- ing a surface 3 feet square with its leafy branches. The first cutting is made when the stems are from 3 to 4£ feet in height ; if the second growth is strong enough, a second harvest is gathered, but on the following years three or four annual cuttings can be made. " The total produce of the green yield may rise from about 44 to 88 lb. per square yard (20 to 40 kilogrammes per metre), it can therefore be reckoned at about from 95 to 190 tons per acre. According to the observations of the President, M. DorrMET, cattle are extremely fond of it. M. Edooaed A'.niii has tried it under these conditions, also M. Gostave Hoot, President du Cornice Agricole de l'Aube, and so have other growers with equal success. The Sakharin Polygonum not yielding seed, we multiplied it by the rhizomes, and quickly raised thousands of available plants which we were able to give to the Ecoles dAgriculture, and in answer to daily demands for it. " The best plantations are made in August and September, or in spring ; an ordinary soil suffices, nevertheless, a little moisture serves to increase the strength and facilitate a second green crop. " The cultural difficulties are not worth mention, and during winter no protection is needed. The dormant stems should be cut down in spring before the new buds develop. In spacing the plants, 3 feet of ground will not fail to be covered by their abundant and nutritive vegetation. Chables Baltet, Troyes." DENDROBIUM FIMBRIATUM.— This is a Nepalese species, introduced so long ago as 1822, but one which holds its ground as "the finest of the orange-yellow Dendrobes," and " remarkably floriferous," Veitch Manual (Dendrobiam), p. 43. The illustration we give, fig. 20, bears out this statement. It represents the variety oculatum, which differs from the type in the possession of a large purplish-brown spot on the lip. Mr. Geant, gr. to Viscount Galway, Serlby Hall, Bawtry, who favoured us with the photograph, says the plant figured bore 500 blooms, and made twelve growths last year. The lip is elegantly fringed at the margin. Royal Horticultural Society.— The next meeting of the Society will take place on Tuesday, July 25, at the Drill Hall, James Street, Victoria Street, Westminster, the Fruit, Floral, and Orchid Committees assembling, as usual, at 12 o'clock. At 3 o'clock, a paper on " Alpine Houses and Plants," will be read by Mr. H. Selfe Leonard. This Society intends to hold, from August 22 to September 1, 1893, at the Royal Agricultural Hall, Islington, what is expected to be one of the greatest shows of fruit, flowers, and vegetables that has been held in this country. The amount of money offered in prizes exceeds £400. It is felt that the time has come when large numbers of nurserymen, professional and amateur gardeners, should be brought together once a year to study the advances made in horticulture, the latest inventions, and the most approved methods, in the same manner as is annually done by agriculturists at the Royal Agricultural and Smithfield Club shows. When the vast number of persons who are interested in horticulture and arboriculture is considered, this show should be made second to no other held in London during the year ; and it should prove as profitable to the exhi- bitors as the annual cattle show held in the same building, and on the lines of which it is intended to carry out the exhibition. Cultivators are taking a lively interest in this new scheme, and it is thought that the central area of the great hall (the whole of which is allotted for competitive products) will not be any too large for the numerous exhibits. Special awards will be offered for heating apparatus, green- houses, appliances, &c, and for these exhibits space is being largely appropriated. This part of the show is under the direction of the officials of the Royal Agricultural Hall Company, and it is anticipated that all the manufacturing firms of repute will make a good display on this occasion, and practically demon- strate to buyers the value of their productions. Those who may be desirous of securing space should make written application for the same without delay. We earnestly trust that something will on this occasion be done to break away from routine, to ensure artistic effect, and, above all, by careful arrangement and instructive labelling to enhance the educational value of the show. National Chrysanthemum Society.— The annual outing of the members and friends of the Society took place as announced in the grounds of Wycombe Abbey, High Wycombe, on the 17th inst., and brought together a large company, including visitors from Oxford, Aylesbury, Maidenhead, Slough, &c. The grounds and gardens, after the recent invigorating rains, were seen at their best, and Mr. G. T. Miles was foremost in making arrangements for the comfort and convenience of the company. One important part of the day's proceedings was a cricket match between members of the Aylesbury Floral and Horticultural and National Chrysanthe- mum Societies, in which the former proved success- ful by eight wickets. Many availed themselves of the opportunity to look through the Abbey, and to walk about the gardens and grounds. Early in the afternoon nearly 150 persons partook of dinner in the spacious new hall adjoining the Abbey, under the chairmanship of Mr. Robert Ballantine ; the health of Lord Cakbington being drunk with enthusiasm. In the afternoon, visits were made to the chair-making factory of Mr. William Bibch ; and also to the grave of the late Earl of Beaconsfield at Hughenden Church. A very large party assembled in the Hall to tea, and the great bulk of the visitors left by the 8 o'clock train for London. An extensive collection of seedling Carnations, now in bloom in the Abbey gardens, raised from seed sent by Mr. Martin R. Smith, was an object of great interest. Royal Horticultural Society of Aber- deen.— The arrangements for this Society's annual floral fete, which is to take place in the Central Park, Aberdeen, on August 17, 18, and 19, are well advanced. The schedule contains the following July 22, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 97 intimation, which gave so much satisfaction last year: — "In the event of the fete being a financial success, 50 per cent, will be added to the prize-money offered in this schedule." The gala promises to be a very successful one. Competitors are reminded that entries close on August 14, at 12 noon. CALATHEA ALLOUYA — During the year 1890 (as stated by Mr. Habt in the Report of the Trinidad Botanic Garden), attention was called to the sale of a curious tuber in the local markets, which was named " Topitamboo " or " Topi- nambour." The source of this tuber, and the scientific name of the plants producing it, were then unknown. They have now been authen- tically determined as the produce of a Scitamineous plant known as Calathea Allouya, Lindl. The unaller tubers, boiled, and eaten with salt, form a very agreeable and palatable food, and will possibly prove a welcome addition to the table in many These will eventually prove very valuable records. Among novelties, mention is made of Gongora Charlesworthii, Rolfe, staged at the Temple Show ; of Cattleya intermedia var. picturata, Brassia Lewisii, Rolfe, exhibited at the Temple Show ; Ansellia nilotica var. Rossiana, OJontoglossum baphican- thum x var. immaculatum, Lselia purpurata var. discolor, Odontoglossam Krameri album, Neodryas Sacciana, Oncidium zonatum, and Cymbidium grandi- llorum var. punctatum. PATENTS. — British patents are taken out at the risk of the applicants, who are expected to cause a search to be made as to the novelty of their inven- tions. To facilitate such inquiries, the Comptroller- General of Patents, Designs, and Trade- marks, has caused to be compiled an abridged list of all specifi- cations between 1877 and 1883. From 1884 onwards, similar provision is made, so that the intending patentee may satisfy himself that he is not infringing Fig. 20. — dendrobium fimiibiatim ocui.atum. (see p. 96.) tropical countries. With regular and improved culture, it is probable that the tubers could be much increased in size, and possibly in flavour. It is cer- tainly a vegetable which should find a home in every tropical garden, and also well worthy of being tested for use in sub-tropical countries. Gardening and Forestry Exhibition at EARL'S COURT.— At the suggestion of the Direc- tors, a committee of ladies organised a Rose Sale at the Earl's Court Exhibition on Saturday evening last in aid of the Victoria Fund. A number of stalls was arranged in the centre of the building around the band of the Hon. Artillery Company, and after 8 o'clock a scene of busy excitement ensued. Although the idea was hastily developed, upwards of £40 was realised. Among those who rendered valuable assistance were the Misses Milneb, Mrs. and the Misses Dodson, and Mrs. Habrt Tubneb. "The Orchid REVIEW."— In the current num- ber, the history of Orchid hybridisation in general, and that of the genus Odontoglossum, is continued. existing rights. The abridgment class, " agricultural appliances, farmyard, and like (including the housing, feeding, and treatment of animals)," con- tains short descriptions of over 300 inventions, from 1877 to 1883 inclusive. Of this number, about one- fourth relate to food for cattle and other animals, and the remainder to such subjects as barns and sheds, chaff-cutters, cages, and pens, oilcake- crushers, rick-covers, feeding and drinking appliances for animals, litter for live-stock, peat-openers, root- cutters and pulpers, and sheep, &c, dips and insecti- cides. Amongst the incubators also included, some are proposed for the rearing of infants and snakes, and even for propagating bacteria, as well as for hatching chickens. Inventive genius has also devoted its attention to the comfort of the ostrich in the matter of pens and foster-mothers. Traps are described which are intended not only to catch rats and mice, but also cats and dogs, birds and cock- roaches, locusts and moles, &c. ; there are only two man-traps, however, one being available also for rabbits, &c, and the other an electric burglar- catcher. AI,v>ongh there is only one invention relating to fly-papers, there is a considerable number of compositions and apparatus for destroy- ing phylloxera, caterpillars, slugs, wire-worms, lodging-house pests, beetles, field-mice, moths, Potato-bugs, &c. It is curious, also, that although silos were in use five centuries before the Christian era (according to Prof. Thobold Rooebs), and were experimented with in America in 1876, and in France as early as 1852, the first English applications for patents appear to have been made as late as 1883. Gardening appliances are included under the head of " Agricultural Appliances." The latter list, com- prising pp. xviii. and 246. with illustrations, may be had for 'Jd. All the publications referred to may be seen at the Science and Art Department, South Kensington, the Guildhall Free Library, and other like institutions. The Fermentation of Manure,— When stable manure is allowed to ferment, much of its "goodness " is lost ; and it is the practice with some people to add gypsum, iron sulphate, and other chemicals, in order to prevent or retard this decom- position, the ilea being that such substances will absorb the free ammonia, and then prevent it from being lost. The practice, however, is quite useless, for it has recently been shown by Mons. A. Hebebt that it is only necessary to keep the manure suffi- ciently moist in order to prevent the loss of nitrogen through the ammonia being given off. The fermen- tation of manure is at once an advantage and a dis- advantage ; the latter may be obviated entirely by moistening the heap occasionally when the manure gets dry, the so-called "methane" fermentation is retarded, and the ammonia evaporates ; the addition of water promotes this fermentation, and reduces the risk of loss of ammonia. (Vide Comptes Rendus, vol. cxv., pp. 1321 to 1323 for further details.) Mr. Barron.— We observe in the Bulletins a" Arboriculture, that a portrait of this well-known horticulturist, reproduced in its pages, is said by an oversight, to have been taken from the Gardeners' Chronicle, The portrait in question was taken from the Garden, as indeed obvious from the woodcut itself. Liquorice and Orange Culture in ALEPPO. — The cultivation of Liquorice seems to be attracting a good deal of attention in new countries, and developing in others. In Aleppo, for instance, it is stated to have very largely developed, and is con- sidered to be of sufficient importance to merit special attention. It is now collected on a large scale throughout the province, and in some degree com- pensates for the losses caused by bad harvests ; 6145 tons, valued at £43,231, were exported to the United States last year, as compared with 4293 tons, of the value of £28,077, in 1891. The export of Oranges also from Aleppo, which has hitherto been insignificant, is stated to be yearly increasing, new plantations having been made on the seaboard, and the sales in the English markets giving very satisfactory results. Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain.— The many friends of this gentleman will hear with sympathy of the great sorrow that has befallen him and Mrs. D'Ombbain in the loss of their elder daughter. A New Green Pigment in Plants.— The first green pigment not identical with chlorophyll, has recently been isolated from the succulent part of the fruit of Trichosanthes pubera by Herr Tschibch. His method was to extract the fruit with ether, and then dissolve out the pigment from the residue by means of alcohol. It is a dark powder, and has been named Trichosanthin (vide Chem, Centr., 1892, ii„ p. 80). TRINIDAD.— At this island, at 130 feet above the sea-level, the mean annual temperature for 1892, according to Mr. Habt, was 78°.7; the maximum, 88°.7; the minimum, 67°; the range being very slight. Ninety-one inches of rain fell in the year, mostly in June, July, and October. 98 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [July 22, 1893. Mr. JOHN KNIGHT.— We are pleased to learn that this gentleman has been appointed District Superintendent of Parks and Open Spaces, North of the Thames, under the auspices of the London County Council. Walnut Timber Tree. — It is stated in Zeitschrift, a new horticultural magazine published in Berlin, that for planting for timber the best kind of Walnut is that known in France as Conturas, Conturie, and Pointue — Juglans regia rostrata. The fruit has a point at each end, that at the stalk end being similar in form to the other, but is easily detached, whilst the other point can only be removed by the use of much force. The tree grows vigorously in the climate of northern Germany, is not at all injured by frost, and is very prolific. The kernel is not large, but it has excellent flavour. The variety can be recommended for road-side and forest planting. The " Botanical Magazine."— The plants figured in the July number are the following: — Acanthorhiza acukata, t. 7302. — -A very handsome Fan Palm, 27 feet high, discovered in the mountains of S. E. Mexico by MM. Linden and Fonck in 1840. It is remarkable for the rigid spinous adventitions roots that are thrown out from the base of the trunk. The flower-panicle now figured for the first time is pale yellow, the densely-crowded flowers dark creamy-pink. Hort., Kew. Lasiosiphon anthylloidrs, t. 7303.— A South African Thymelaceous shrub, with sessile linear-lanceolate revolute leaves in many ranks, and terminal heads of yellow tubular flowers. It flowered in the Cambridge Botanic Garden. Miscanthus sinensis, t. 7304.— A handsome grass, with the habit of the Pampas-grass, but with linear leaves and looser flower-panicle. It is nearly allied to the Sugar-cane and to Eulalia; indeed.it is the Eulalia japonica of gardens. The plant figured under the latter name in the Gardeners' Chronicle, 1877, p. 565, fig. 89, referred to this species by Hackel, agrees better, sajs Sir Joseph Hookeb, with M. japonicus. Vaccinium padifolium, t. 7305.— A Whortleberry, native of Madeira, closely allied if not identical with V. arctostaphylos of Asia Minor and the Caucasus. This wide severance of habitat is paralleled by the case cited by Sir Joseph Hooker of Rhododendron ponticum, which is found nowhere between Asia Minor and South Spain. These cases point to Spain and the Atlantic islands as the western home of the fragments of a flora that once extended over Europe and North Africa, but which is now exterminated by adverse circumstances. Crotalaria longirostrata, t. 7306— A handsome winter-flowering Leguminous under shrub, with long-stalked trifoliolate leaves, and racemes of yellow Laburnum-like flowers. The plant flowers freely in the temperate-house at Kew from December to March ; it is, therefore, a desirable winter-flowering greenhouse plant. It is a native of Mexico. VANILLA.— The only species which Mr. Habt deems worthy of cultivation in Trinidad is V. planifolia. CAMPANULATE FOXGLOVE. — An Australian correspondent, Mr. Hackett, Adelaide, has kindly sent us a photograph of a spike of a Foxglove in this condition, which is due apparently to the running together in the embryonic condition of several flowers. In this country the change is very frequent, but we are not able to say what causes co-operate to induce it— probably, the causes are complex. An Australian climate is evidently no bar to its production. Stocktaking: June.— As will be seen by the accompanying table of excerpts from the Board of Trade Upturns for the past month, there is a falling off in the imports, which may be taken as an exceptional condition of affairs, in the face of in- -Kaeed exports. This falling off amounts to £908,687. Thigh there is a decrease in the imports of food,'Hne« ia no improvement in the condition of agriculturists at home, and the issue of a Royal Commission to take this matter into serious consideration, will be viewed by those inter- ested with satisfaction. It is all very well to reduce the rents here and there by ten, twenty, and even occasionally, twenty-five per cent. ; but how- ever kindly meant, this is not the best method of relieving existing distress or of helping to make things better for the future. Owners and occupiers alike are interested in the thorough sifting of the matter from beginning to end ; there is nothing sentimental involved, only the question of "letting live " as well as " living." The excerpts above noted are as follows : — Imposts. 1892. 1893. Difference. Total value for month e. £52.777,479 £. £31,S6S,762 £. -908,687 §11.— (A.) Articles of food and drink — duty free 13,323,160 12,462,886 —860,274 (B.) — do., dutiable 1,421,963 1,636,695 +214,732 $VI. — Raw materials for textile manufac- tures (including Flax, Hemp, and Jute) 4,425,523 4,519,062 +93,536 $Vn. — Raw materials for sundry industries and manufactures (including wood and timber, hewn, sawn, split, dressed ; vege- table materials, for paper-making, &c.) 3,721,372 3,462,845 —258,527 $IX. — Miscellaneous articles (including Clover, Grass, Flax, Rape, Linseed) 908,295 1,024,584 +116,289 (B.)— Parcel Post ... 35.214 53,727 + 18,513 Whilst noting a decrease in some of our colonial supplies, we are reminded of the stock-taking at the dinner of the Cobden Club the other day, when attention was directed to the fact that many colonists are kicking against protective tariffs— so protective in some cases as to be nearly prohibitive — conse- quently industries languish in towns, and the land is not cultivated as it might be, and certainly ought to be, when there is so very much surplus labour at home, and the " cry of the poor " is no new thing in colonies which ought not to be so burdened. The diminution in the imports of Apples last month, as compared with the same period in 1892, seems to point to greater care in selection, and probably the higher prices for those imported. This note brings us to the following extracts from the general mass of figures, and they will be found to possess more than the usual interest : — Imports. 1892. 1893. Difference. Fruits, raw : — Apples bush. 71,672 39.857 —31,815 Cherries 115,918 196,213 + 80,295 Plums ,, 6,103 28,053 +21,950 Pears 23 4,732 +4,709 Grapes ,, 3.398 5.186 +1,788 Unenumerated 93,535 236,708 +143.173 Onions ,, 132,926 139,120 +6,194 Potatos cwt. 794,081 1,100,643 + 306,562 Vegetables, unenume- rated, raw, ... value £110,369 £184,241 +£73,872 It may not be inopportune to note here that, not- withstanding the competition with outsiders in the item of Hops, there is no diminution in the area of land devoted to the cultivation of this plant. If there be an occasional decrease in the area where profitable growing is somewhat problematical, there is an increase where profit is assured by geographical position, and this we note as an item of interest to all concerned in the brewing interest. The Exports for June of goods manufactured in Great Britain and Ireland show an increase of £714,953 as com- pared with the month of June, 1892. This increase is pretty generally distributed, but the exports to India show the greatest value — a fact which may certainly be attributed to the " fixing " of the rupee, and consequent steadying of the rate of exchange. The Indian Government is generally lauded for the steps they have taken, and a still further increase in our exports to our Eastern Empire may with some confidence be now anticipated. MENTONE PRODUCTS.— Referring to the culti- vation of economic plants in Mentone, the British Vice-Consul says that in consequence of the moun- tainous character of the country, the natural products are few, the principal one being Olives, which of late years have suffered much from disease, and also from the competition of the towns round about, where the expression of the oil is carried on in a scientific manner, whereas the old method is still employed at Mentone. A few Olive plantations are well culti- vated, and appear profitable to their owners ; this must be considered an exception, as the Olive culture for this part of France seems to be rapidly declining, and pnt aside as unprofitable, the ground being employed for building purposes or for Lemon and flower culture. A special mention must be made of the growing of Lemons, which has regained its former celebrity. During the summer months Lemons of the first quality fetch as much as £2 5s. per 1,000. The total crop may be estimated at 200 tons per annum. Lemons from this part are superior in quality to those of Sicily, although not so large. The exceptional climate of Mentone renders flower growing comparatively easy, and with a scientific knowledge of gardening, and a little capital, good results can be obtained during the winter. Flowers and vegetables reared under bell-glasses thrive well, and vegetables, such as Potatos, Aspa- ragus, and Green Peas are successfully reared in the open air. These articles when sent to the London and Paris markets fetch very high prices. Hybrid Water Lilies.— We learn that several of M. Makliac's hybrids and seedlings have been very beautiful in the Trinity College Botanic Garden, Dublin, since May. The colours range from white to rose-crimson or yellow. N. Marliacea chromatella (sulphur), N. exquisita, N. odorata rosea, N. Leydeckeri rosea, N. pygmea Helvola are perhaps the best, but all are beautiful. Their hardi- ness is shown by the circumstance that they have passed the last two winters in a cold-water pond. M. A. DE LA DEVANSAYE.— We are pleased to have the opportunity of congratulating our French horticultural colleagues on the recognition paid to horticulture in France by the appointment of M. de la Devansaye as a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. M. de la Devansaye has been President of the Hor- ticultural Society of Angers for twenty years, and is well known not only as a connoisseur, but for his direct contributions to the progress of horticulture. The Active Principle of Anemone syl- VESTRIS. — Dupuy finds this to be a well-defined solid, which crystallises in needles. He saya {Nouv. Bern,), " From a therapeutic point of view, anemonin is an agent of great value, acting efficaciously in acute and chronic bronchial catarrh, and as a calma- tive of the spasmodic and irritative cough of hooping- cough. It is also of value in eye troubles, depen- dent upon the rheumatic diathesis, and possesses powerful emmenagogue properties ! " Who would have thought it of the simple little Anemone ! Some Chemical Principles of the Pine FAMILY. — A great deal of attention is at the present moment being given by chemists to a class of sub- stance mostly occurring in the vegetable world and called terpenee, on account of their close relation to turpentine. The most important of these is called pinene, which occurs in most of the Pines ; then there is caraphene, which is closely connected with the product of the camphor tree. Limoene is found in the fruit of the Lemon-bergamot, Cummin, Dill, Fir-needles, and in Erigon canadense. Dipentene is very similar to Limonene ; it occurs in the camphor tree and in the Elemi. Sylvestrene is found in some of the Russian and Swedish Pine trees ; phellan- drene in the Bitter Fennel, the Water Fennel, Elemi, Jolt 22, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 99 and Eucalyptus. Terpinene occurs in the Cardamon, and there are two or three others that are only slightly known. The Production of Orris-root, Atta OF ROSE, AND Vanilla.— The Chemist and Druif- gitt states that the cultivation of Orris (Iris floren- tina), which was introduced into southern France a few years ago by a Grasee perfumer, is assuming larger dimensions, and it is considered that there is every prospect that it will be a permanent addition to the list of products cultivated in the maritime Alps. At present, the Orris grown around Grasse, is all con- sumed locally in the preparation of oil of Orris-root. We also gather from the same journal the following interesting notes on the Rose crops at Kezanlik and the Vanilla crops at Mane1 (Seychelles). Regarding the former, the following letter is given from a Bul- garian correspondent: — "I have just returned to Kezanlik from a tour through the Rose district, and auctions during the week ending May 13 was very small, there have nevertheless been considerable imports lately, and indications favour a further decline in the article at an early date. ROSE BUDDING. The season for budding Roses having arrived, we insert, for the benefit of amateurs and others who may not be well acquainted with the operations, several figures, which will make it perfectly clear to them. We need merely add to the information found under each figure, that in separating the bud from the shoot of which it forms part, the inner part, or core of the bud, must not be drawn out, and there is less risk of this being done if it be stripped off from top to bottom ; and there must be no bruising of the bud, or loss of lime in inserting it on to the shoot of the Briar, &c. Tig. 21.— Making Slit m Bark of Steak. Fig. 2?.— SliciDg-Off a Rose Bud. Fi^. 23. — Separating Shield from tl Wood. Fig. 21.— The Bud Inserted, but not cut eft at top. Fig. 25.— The Bud Tied-in. ROSE - BUDDING DIAGRAMS. Fig. 26.— Loosening the Tie, after the Bud has begun to grow. can assert that there is no truth in the rumour that the gardens have been damaged by the severe cold weather. The fact is, that in spite of the harsh winter, the heavy fall of snow has acted as a pro- tection from the frost which followed. There are some few gardens damaged, especially those exposed towards the north, but they are few and far between, and practically all the gardens are in very good con- dition. The real danger to theRose crop is the white- frost, which usually comes on in April during the bud- ding season. This danger has been successfully passed this year, there having been but little frost. The next danger to which the crop will be exposed will be excessively dry or hot weather in the gathering season. Should this also be averted, the harvest will be more than an average one. There is every probability that this will be so, as the season is very backward, and danger of frosts is almost passed now. On the subject of Vanilla, it is reported under date of May 0, from Mahe, that the crop was esti- mated to yield from 35,000 to 40,000 lb. Although the quantity declared for sale at the London drug The bast, which should be new and soft, is best when used in a wetted state, and it must be drawn firmly, but not tightly, and fastened by slipping the loose end through the last coil. Some persons prefer worsted as a binding material, and there is this to be said for it — it is elastic and soft. The idea is to close the slit made in the stock, and press home the bud, that no rain may enter — the air cannot be excluded. PLANT PORTRAITS. ANGB.KCUM abticulatum, Lindenia, t. 380. A very beautiful species, introduced originally from Mada- gascar by Rev. W. Ellis. BieiiARCKiA nobji.js Palmacej;, G arden and Forest , June 7. Bbassia isicolor, Rolfe, in Lindenia, t, 378. Flowers nearly 5 inches in greatest length, sepals linear, very acute, yellow, with the lower third purplish-brown ; lip broadly ovate acute, yellow, with purple spots at the base. Cheery Leon Leclebc, Bulletins d 'Arboriculture , July. A small but prolific and highly-flavoured Cherry. Chrysanthemum Vice-President Barigny, fievue Hortieole,Ja\y 1. Clerodendron trichotomdm, Garden, June 17. Cucumis sativus vae. Sikkimensis, Garten Flora, t, 1392. Dianthos hybridos Prince Bismarck, Neubert's Bcutsches Garten Maga:in, July. Epidendrum Umlaufti, Zahlbruckner , Wiener Illus- triertc Garten Zeitung, t. 2. Justicia cabnea, Revue de THortieulture Beige, July. Lycaste Skinnebi vab. pubpueea, Lindenia, t. 379. Maxillabia callicheoma, Rchb. f . ; Rolfe, in Lindenia, t. 377. The three long narrow sepals are white at the base, and yellow at the tips. The petals are of the same colour, but recurved below the middle, and again near the summit ; lip three- lobed, the front lobe white with a yellow disc, side lobes purple. Pelargonium capitatum, Heme Horticole, July 1, woodcuts. Plagianthos Lyalli, Garden, July 8. Rhodochiton volubile, Garden, July 1. Stbawbebry, The Comet, Bulletins d 'Arboriculture, June. Tea Rose, Ethel Beownlow, Gardeners' Magazine, July 1. Trichomanes Petebsii, Gray, Meehan's Monthly, June. ORCHIDS. Messes. Seeger & Tropp, Limited. — The com- pact little nursery at 112, Lordship Lane, East Dulwich, has always a number of interesting things, as well as the showier specialties of Vandas, Masdevallias, and Cypripediums, all of which are well represented there. The Vandas, consisting chiefly of varieties of V. suavis and V. tricolor, are in a very good state of cultivation, and occupy the greater part of one house. To these have lately been added a fine importation of V. cmrulea, V. (Esmeralda) Cathcartii, and another promising species, which is supposed to be V. Arbuthnotiana. In the same house are a fine plant of Renanthera Storyii, supposed to be the largest in cultivation ; the extremely rare Sobralia Beyeriana, a large mass of the old, but still not common, Aspasia lunata, and other rare species. The collection of Masdevallias has been very diffi- cult to keep in good condition throughout the late hot weather, and two expedients have been adopted in order to lessen the effects of the great heat. In one case, a large collection of the showy species have been placed outdoors, standing on inverted flower- pots placed in a set of large trays containing water, and arranged beneath the shade of trees. In the other case, the plants have been allowed to remain in their low, span-roofed house, but spent manure has been thickly banked against the walls, and short litter placed over the glass of the roof. Both these methods have been productive of good results. But few of the Masdevallias are in bloom, but we noted the rare M. guttulata, M, calura, M. Peristina, M. gibberosa, and a quantity of M. infracta, varying from nearly white to purple. In another house we noted the curious Angra;cum armeniacum, with flowers somewhat resembling those of A. bicaudatum ; Bulbophyllum brevidens, several pretty Octomerias and Pleurothallis, Sarcanthus insectifera, Cuilogne Thuniana, and among fresh imported things, a grand lot of Cymbidium Devon- iauum, C. eburneum, C. Mastersii, &c. Cattleya lamata Gaskelliana. Flowers of two beautiful and dissimilar varieties of this free-growing and useful Cattleya come from the gardens of Joseph Broome, Esq , Sunny Hill, Llandudno. The one has grand flowers, over 7 inches across, the petals being 3 inches wide; the whole flower is of a bright rosy-lilac, with a base of a yellow colour, the front of the labellum of a rich crimson. The other flower is of a pale blush hue, without a blotch of crimson on the lip. It is a charming form. Both flowers have the delicate fragrance usually found in the Gaskelliana division of C. labiata. 100 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 22, 1893. Fair Oak Lodoe. The owner of this compact and pretty garden, W. A. Gillett, Esq., has, during the last few years, acquired a nice collection, the plants of which, under the care of his gardener, Mr. Carr, are in the best of health. In this part of South Hants (Eastleigh), Orchids are not much cultivated, therefore a collec- tion like this one becomes all the more interesting. At the time of a visit made to the place recently, the following were in or just going out of bloom:— Cattleya Mossiie was represented by 130 spikes of grandly-coloured flowers, making a rare display ; C. Mendeli was a prominent variety, so well was it flowered, as wereplants of C.gigas and Veitch's variety of Vanda suavis. Laelia purparata, and the white form of it, were in perfection of bloom ; the somewhat rare Schombnrgkia tibicinis had sixteen flowers on one spike. A house nearly full of Odontoglossum Alexandras, 0. Pescatorei, 0. (Miltonia) vexillarium, O. cordatum, and O. inoculatum exhibited these species in their best forms, and made a fine display. Epidendrum vitellinum majus, Cypripedium War- nerianum, and Dendrobium suavissimum were note- worthy plants. E. M. CARNATIONS, Messes. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea: — The beds were well filled with flowering-plants, very floriferous, but like almost everything else this season, showing in their small blooms the lack of mois- ture in the soil. The rain had indeed come, but it was too late to do much in adding size to the blooms. We take the novelties by preference, viz., Ruby (Turner), cerise-pink, a good thing, but this year it wanted shade to bring out its beauty ; Queen of Bedders is another from the same source, of a red cherry tint. The Lady, a fancy Carnation, with a yellow ground, flaked and stained with scarlet— a fine flower, that is said to force well ; another— Almira— is one of the best of this class. Grant Allen is a flower with a calyx that does not split, and possesses a long footstalk ; it is a cherry- red self. Empress is a white self, not quite new, free in flowering, and the flower of good shape and sub- stance. Amy Herbert is not what the florists would call a good variety of Carnation, the edge being fringed, but it is excellent for cutting, being very free; and equally fine for cutting purposes is the scarlet self, Montague. Another self is Border Maid, of a shade of flesh-pink. Winter Cheer has done well this year ; Oxonian is a bright cherry-red self of much merit ; as is Cantab, a scarlet self, with the true Clove scent; Sultan is a crimson self. In Dr. Parke we have a dwarf pink Carnation, with a good calyx, and altogether a capital variety. William Toby is a free-flowering dark purple self. The Earl of Beaconsfield is a dark crimson, flaked Carnation, one of the best of the dark flakes. Alice Ayres, now fairly well known, has done better this year than others. It is always a variety that may be depended upon to give satisfaction. In Picotees and Pinks we noted nothing that is novel. The marginal colours of the Picotees, and the colours of flake and fancy Carnations in general, it was observed, have run a good deal this season. The collection is a large one, and the plants succeed admirably, notwithstanding smoke, fog, and a want of light in the winter season, which render cultivation in a London nursery so difficult. Ma. Jas. Douglas, Bookham. In one of the most picturesque localities in Surrey, and one where but little business is carried on except for the accommodation and entertainment of the thousands of excursionists who go from London every week during the summer time, has been established Edenside Nursery by Mr. Jas. Douglas, of Great Gearies, Ilford. Only about four minutes' walk from the Great Book- ham Station of the L. & S.-W. Ry.— 18 miles from Waterloo— is the spot that has been chosen, and here Mr. Douglas intends to cultivate his especial favourites for sale, such as Carnations, herbaceous Calceolarias, Cinerarias, and Auriculas. At present only one house has been erected, the dimensions of which are 100 feet long and 18 feet wide, and a more admirable house for such plants it would be difficult to build. Two more houses will be erected shortly, and about 6 acres of land have been acquired, which will be available at Michaelmas. This nursery being in its infancy, until the other two houses have been built — and excepting a few Auriculas — the Carnations are the only plants which can be dealt with. About ten days ago, when we had the pleasure to visiting it, the house we have mentioned presented a glorions picture, being full of Carnation plants in full bloom. The finest varieties were there, in- cluding the whole of Mr. Martin Smith's seedlings, and many of very considerable merit, which have been raisen by Mr. Douglas himself. The large experience that Mr. Douglas has had with this class of plants ensures good culture ; the plants were all healthy in appearance, the " grass " plentiful and strong, and if some of the blooms were not quite so large as they should be, this is easily accounted for, when we remember the dry, scorching atmosphere that has prevailed, and at the very time the plants were all stood ont - of - doors. Each section or group of this beautiful family is well represented by its very best productions up to the present date ; and it may be seen that it is Mr. Douglas's intention to cultivate an exceedingly choice collection of named florist's varieties, as dis- tinguished from merely decorative or border ones. On looking at the yellow-ground Picotees first, we noticed Mrs. R. Sydenham, a seedling raised by Mr. Douglas ; pure in ground, it has an excellent rose margin, long calyx, and robust habit. Mrs. Henwood is another good thing, heavily suffused with rose, and particularly compact in habit ; Hercules, one of Mr. Smith's latest seedlings, is a large, handsome flower, with rose edge, but it breaks .its calyx rather fre- quently. A very free-flowering variety is Lilian ; the yellow ground is pure, and the rose flaking very fine. Others we may mention are Mrs. Whit- bourne, Eurydice, and Diomede, a large Picotee, with very pretty yellow ground, and rose fringe (Douglas). It is eaBy to select a few pretty bizarres of excep- tional quality from the collections here. Phccbe (Smith) is a pink and purple-flake, tube long, the habit and form excellent ; the flaking most har- moniously mixed. Then there is Chas. Henwood (Douglas), a purple-flake ; the flowers are large and striking, deserve considerable commendation. Miss Constance Grahame (Smith) is a type of what a scarlet - flake ought to be — the scarlet is thoroughly distinct and most brilliant, and the form very fine. Gregorins (Douglas) is a pale scarlet flake, the flower rather thin, but of good form, and the flake excellent. One of the best of the rose or red-edged Picotees is Ganymede ; it obtained a First-class Certificate last year, is of good sturdy growth, and the flowers are heavily edged with red. Desdemona is pure white, with pretty rose edge ; flowers not extra large. Melpomene is another fine one in this section. The self Carnations are, perhaps, after all, as useful and as fascinating as any of the numerous groups.Jand here we see some of the moat excellent types yet produced. Duke of Orleans (Smith) must be acknowledged a decided advance upon Germania, both in colour and growth ; Hayes, scarlet (Smith), has a large flower and splendid petal, of the most wonderful scarlet ; The Hunter (Smith) is of fine form, and a deep Apricot colour; Corunna is, perhaps, one of the prettiest of Mr. Smith's self- coloured varieties, primrose-yellow in colour, and it has a remarkably strong habit ; Louis Philippe (Smith) is a flower very similar in colour to the last- noticed, has a fuller and more dense flower, and its short petals have wavy margins — a very effective flower ; a velvety dark crimson of good form and large flower is Mephisto (Smith) ; and Waterwitch (Smith) is a delicate blush-white, full and large flower. A very fine group of King of Scarlets (Douglas) will thoroughly convince any who have the pleasure of a like glimpse of the value of this for effect. Its petals are broad, and the colour of exceptionally bright scarlet. Oriflamme (Douglas) took the special prize for twelve bunches of a seedling Carnation last year at the National Carnation and Picotee Sociefy. It is bright scarlet, and altogether free from objectionable features. Lady Marie Currie is a large flower of delicate fleshy rose colour, of value as being a good self, and has been obtained from the fine flaked variety of this name ; both the forms are good, and will be propagated for sale. Mrs. Louisa Jame- son has a perfect bloom in form, with very smooth edges, in colour it is dull red. Other good ones are Abigail, Niphetos, and Royal George, the latter a good purple if it were less inclined to force the calyx. We have referred to the best of those we noticed when at Edenside, but there are many to which we cannot do justice, and a number of unnamed seed- lings, which will undoubtedly be heard of later. Mr. Douglas has made a good start, and we doubt not but that he will meet with success, Mb. F. Gifford, White Hart Lane. At this place, and about 1 mile from Tottenham, Mr. F. Gifford acquired, some two years ago, what is now known as the Montague Nursery, What until then was a farm-field has been transformed, until now it is well covered with herbaceous plants and Carnations ; it is to the latter, however, that more care is given, and upon which most interest centres. Mr. Gifford has had considerable experience, for it was only a few minutes after we first met that we elicited the fact that he was an old " Kewite ; " and beside many other places, he has had a considerable time at the Hale Farm Nurseries of Mr. Thos. Ware. Evidently Carnations are his pet subjects, and the border varieties, rather than the fancy and wonderfully-edged flowers of the florist. When we visited this establishment, we found that there were many thousands of plants in rows in the open, and the only building consisted of a few frames, so that pot culture is not at present practised to any extent. Of the border varieties, however, there were many very fine ones, most of the old ones that are really standard varieties, and can still claim recog- nition in the face of their newly-born rivals, were there, and in good groups, and what new ones we noticed were principally varieties that have been raised by Mr. Gifford himself, some of which are deserving of note and praise. Empress is not new, but it is a seedling of Mr. Gifford that looked extremely well — a useful white one; Leander, another one, and of a pretty yellow, has good Btiff petals and worthy of a place in most borders. A good scarlet is that named Montague, whilst a magnificent white one, flowers very delicate and light, especially useful for decoration, has been called Mrs. F. Gifford. Brethardt is an especially noteworthy variety, a good doer, compact in bloom and of deep purple, which, when the bloom is passing, goes almost black. Amy Herbert is a bright pink colour, pleasing, and its petals are wide and good ; and a good robust grower is Professor Goodheart. Mrs, Frank Watts is a vellow seedling of considerable merit; and Fair Rosamond is a large white flower, sometimes having a splash of scarlet, but not often. It throwB the petals well back, and would be ex- tremely desirable if the calyx would not split. Two other good border varieties are Edith Brill, clear white, and good smooth petals ; and Cantab, a very fine scarlet, powerfully scented. The best of all the seedlings, however, is that called Duchess of York, and noticed in our columns on p. 48. It is a good grower, and is the earliest to bloom of all the varieties that Mr. Gifford bas in the open ground ; the delicate fleBh-colour is exceedingly pleasing, and the flower is large and full. SUMMER PRUNING. The accompanying figures serve to illustrate the system of pinching fruit trees, a matter now attract- ing much attention, and show the effects of the process in a period of three years. The operation of pinching the young shoots is commenced nearest the leader, sometimes only one, two, or even three at the same time, according to circumstances, as soon as they are from '2k to 3 inches long, as seen in figs. 27 and 28, at a, a, a, a, all other shoots being allowed lo grow till they are a certain length, when they in turn are pinched at b, b, b, in fig. 28. Severe pinching often causes the shoots operated upon to die off, as will be seen in fig. 27 at e c, and to convert the existing spurs into shoots. In general, however, the Jolt 22, 1893.] THE GAli DENE US' CHRONICLE. 101 young shoots after they are pinched will remain stationary, with only one or two leaves on them, and in the year following will form spurs, see fig. 27, d dd. Under certain circumstances, when the trees are very vigorous, they will break again, so that they require to be pinched a second, and even a third time, as will be observed in fig. 28, e e, ff, and y. When the tree is found to have too much sap, those branches which have been pinched a second or third time are left untouched at the winter-pruning, and they are only cut-in after they have produced some young shoots, which prevents a too great development of those branches. The branches k, h in fig. 28 illustrate the case, and they will be cut off at i, i. The dead stumps will sometimes produce spurs at their bases, as is seen at k in fig. 27. The pinching of the young shoots on the upright leading shoots differs a little from that practised upon the lateral branches. Supposing fig. 28 to be a leading shoot, instead of pinching the shoots, a, a, as they are represented, they should be allowed to grow to the length of the others, b, b, b, before they are pinched, so as to insure sufficient wood for the next winter- pruning. Home Correspondence. FlQ, 27. — SUHMEB PBTJNINQ. (SEE P. 100.) SUMMER PRUNINQ.— Your correspondent, "Ex- tension," describing the shoot of an Apple tree Bent to the editor of the Gardeners' Chronicle (p. 749, vol. xiii.), says, "Now, under the aim- less pinching mat(cuvres of Mr, Fish and ' W. S. C.,' this shunt would have been much less productive, and worried to a stump, and the tree would have been about one-quarter its present size, and proportionally less fruitful." In reply to " Extension," I would say that I am not aware that the teachings and practices of either Mr. Fish or myself afford any grounds whatever for "Extension " to accuse us of teaching and following aimless methods of procedure. Speaking for myself, I can assure him that I am an extensionist myself in the matter of training fruit trees, and have practised and advocated extension for several years in the horticultural press, and in a work recently published by a London firm, my object, like that of many other fruit-growers, being to build up a fruitful tree in as short a space of time as is possible. To main- tain it in vigorous health and fruitful condition as long as I can, I encourage a productive growth in the tree, pinching the summer-growths of vigorous- growing varieties two or three times during the Beason, so as to divert the flow of sap into useful channels, i e., the promotion and formation of fruit-buds. Trees of less vigour are, on the other hand, treated accordingly, judicious and not indiscriminate pinch- ing of the shoots being practised, and no " aimless " pinching permitted. It is a well-known fact that several varieties of Apple, Pear, and Plum are naturally free-bearing, and need but very little pruning of any kind, as they make but trifling superfluous growth, the energies of the trees finding an outlet in the development of the fruit and fruit- bud. In conclusion, I would make reference to the prolific " 20-inch long Apple shoot" which "Extension" sent to the Editor in support of his condemnation of summer pinching. It is a pity that " Extension " did not give at the same time the name of the variety, the age of the tree, and the depth and nature of the soil in which it grows. This selfsame shoot, " Exten- sion" avers, would have been worried to a stump under the "aimless pinching" of Mr. Fish and " W. L. C." I should say that no practical man would consider it necessary to pinch such a tree as "Extension" describes. It has not, we are told, been root-pruned for more than fifteen years. The shoot of this tree, sent to lend emphasis to his remarks, is, as stated above, 20 inches long, and the full growth of three years, and was, as well it might be under the circumstances, studded with fruit-buds and Apples, having an average of a little more than 64 inches of growth for each year ! And this shoot, we are told by "Extension," has never been " pinched or pruned ! " and that the tree from which it was taken was planted by himself, and is past the " gross stage ! " Truly the growth was suf- ficiently " pinched and pruned " by Nature to render artificial pinching and pruning unnecessary. It would be interesting and useful to have the particulars as to soil furnished, and to know if all " Extension's " orchard and wall trees make the same fruitful growth as that from which the branch was cut, and bis means for checking groBS growth. Trees growing in a light shallow soil on a gravelly subsoil will necea- 102 1JE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jolt 22, 1893. sarily make less growth than would the same varieties in a deep retentive loam, and require different treat- ment. Free-bearing varieties, as a rule, make a small amount of growth annually, and this is short- jointed, bristles with fruit-buds, and requires little, if any, pinching or pruning of root or branch. There is no use in "Extension" and "E. M.," coming before the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle, which is a very large and important one, with the side- issue of a question of national importance. W. L. C. ROOT-PRUNING.— I do not think Mr. Crowley is altogether justified in attributing, as he does at p. 15 of the Gardeners' Chronicle, July 1, the bad set of Apples, and the subsequent dropping of the fruit that did set, to the fact of his trees having been root-pruned, as the principle, under certain condi- tions, is perfectly sound, assuming that the work is skilfully carried out, and as it appears to have been done in this case. Of course, no practical man would for a moment think of root-pruning a fruitful tree- that is, a tree which bore fairly good crops of fruit every year, when the blossom escaped injury by frost, and which consequently make growth sparingly, this being, as a rule, short-jointed and consolidated, and only sufficient to maintain the tree in a healthy con- dition. As a matter of fact, trees growing in light shallow soil, resting on a substratum of chalk or gravel, rarely, if ever, need root- pruning. It is almost certain that Mr. Crowley's trees would have behaved in an identical manner had they not been root- pruned at all in the last or previous year, as it is certain that there was no moisture left in the soil surrounding them, which an extended growth of root could have absorbed at about the time the fruit dropped from the trees. In the 4-acre orchard at this place, as well as in other places in the district having the same kind of soil (light), the sheets of blos- som with which the trees were clothed flagged so badly towards the end of the month of April through sheer lack of moisture in the soil, that they were nearly all parched up by the tropical heat which has prevailed up to last week, and these trees had not been root-pruned for several years. Some fine specimen Apple trees in the park a few hundred yards distant from the orchard in question, were similarly affected, and with the same result of stunted growth and very thin crops of unusually small dried-up-looking fruits. Mr. Crowley states, towards the end of his note, " from the reBult of this Tear I think root-pruning may be carried too far." This is quite true, and, according to his own show- ing, I am inclined to think that he erred in that direction. " For some time," he says, "these trees which are now six or seven years old, had, when the growth was over-luxuriant, been root-pruned, and the roots shortened back to about 2 feet from the stem, and the ground made up with good loam and brick-rubbish." Thus it would appear that the trees had been root-pruned at least two or three times during the six or seven years of their existence! I should say that trees which had been root-pruned and treated in the manner described by Mr. Crowlev, say, the end of September, 1891, would, as the result of that operation, have emitted a mass of fibrous roots during the interval elapsing between then and February, 1893, and these small roots would have pushed into and gathered more nutriment from the surrounding soil than the unpruned trees would have done growing at the same depth and in the same kind of soil. Fruit trees which had been root-pruned after the fall of the leaf last autumn would not, as your correspondent points out, have had time to make much root-growth before the spell of hot dry weather set in early in the month of March last, and therefore would feel the pinch if they were not watered and heavily mulched as trees are generally after being root-pruned. In conclusion, I repeat that the principle of root-pruning under certain conditions is sound, but sometimes, as in the case of Mr. Crowley's trees, the conditions of the weather closly following upon the operation, were unfavourable to the well-being of the trees. H. W. Ward. The indictment brought by Mr. Crowley against the practice, or, shall I say, the art, of root- pruning is a severe one; and, although not by any means an enthusiast in its favour, I should like to point one or two things in relation to what has been written that may merit attention. In the first place, and apart altogether from the nature of the weather we have had this year, did the requirements even of the severest form of root- pruning compel the cutting back of roots only 2 feet from the stem ? I should say not so, most certainly. For trees some six or seven years old I should not have root-pruned nearer than 3£ feet at the most, and then to have found and severed roots only that were large and productive of gross wood. Where roots were cut all round, as seems to have been the case at 2 feet from the stem, I think that was prac- tice which no root-pruner, however enthusiastic, would justify. Obviously, root-pruning is a part of the system of artificial culture which must prevail so long as fruit is produced under modern conditions. If trees have to be of certain forms and sizes, and restricted to prescribed areas, there is no other course open but to check branch or wood develop- ments, for mere top-pruning will not secure the desired result. Then, it is well known that free roots means free growth, and where the soil is deep and good, free growth means unbounded wood production, and little fruit. In thousands of cases the pruning of the roots, where done with judgment, has produced the happy mean and plenty of fruit. The nurseryman who grows his thousands of trees is practically always root-pruning, because he annually lifts and replants his trees, but he does not unduly injure the roots by severe cutting. The private grower can hardly lift his trees every year — indeed, prefers not to have to lift them at all, but does so sometimes at intervals usually with good results. Generally his root-pruning consists of severing the largest roots a few feet from the main stem, and that drastic remedy is rarely finished in one season, as it is good practice to root-prune one-half the tree in each of two successive years. Now, it is obvious that where root-pruning is done, some special assist- ance should be given to the tree to help it weather the first season, if needed, both by liberal mulching and watering. Never within the memory of man, per- haps, has such treatment been needed to even many established treeB, more fully than this year, much more, therefore, to hard root-pruned trees ; nay, many large trees, never root-pruned, have suffered even worse than have Mr. Crowley's, for I have but recently seen on good holding soil, fruits lying about thickly beneath, cast off by the trees entirely from want of moisture. Such being the case, is it fair to condemn root-pruning from such a compara- tively isolated failure as the present exceptional year has produced, especially when, as admitted, the pruning seemed to have been hard almost beyond precedent ? But even in that case, with ordinary care, had we experienced an average moist season, would there have been failure to produce a crop? I think not. A. J). I have carefully read Mr. Crowley's case, pp. 15, 16, and can only marvel that he did not water his trees before losing the fruit, if that was at all possible, rather than describe this obvious cause of loss so clearly after it had shrivelled up, and fallen. We root- prune fruit trees, lift their roots nearer the surface, and limit their area to 2 feet run from the bole, and from 18 inches to 2 feet deep from the surface ; and we are bound to come to their assistance during such a spell of three months drought as we have had. Mr. Crowley's logic is quite sound. Place a tree ver- tically in a pot — practically, it matters little whether it be in a pot or tub, or a limited area of ground — and to maintain it and its produce in health, it must be subjected to good culture as to water, and, to some extent, heat. Had Mr. Crowley shut in the moisture, and shut out the sun- heat with a good surface mulch of spent manure or litter for 6 inches to a foot thick, his crops would have been safe. Neither should root-pruning be carried too far, nor repeated too often. It is a heroic remedy for the stingy complaints, meagre crops, or absolute sterility, but as Boon as it has forced the trees into fertile ways it should be allowed to fall into abeyance. The practical men will easily see whether or not it should be repeated. But as fertility is almost sure to repeat itself, and as root- pruning should result in fertile roots placed at the most fruitful depth, the probability is that root-pruning may not need repeating often or at all in the life of any particular tree. One great difficulty with many cultivators is to get them to start in such useful directions as root and summer- pruning. But a greater difficulty is to get them to stop when the operation is no longer necessary. D. T. F. I have read with interest Mr. Crowley's note on the above, and with regard to our getting too artificial in the culture of fruits, I think, as yet, we have a little more to learn and practise before we are perfected. In a season like the present one, the like of which may not occur in a life-time, trees, be they root-pruned or not, are casting their fruit in many gardens from lack of moisture in the soil, so that it is scarcely the kind of season to build any sound theories or prac- tice upon. That root-pruning may be carried to extremes does not admit of a doubt, and cases in which that is so are not infrequent ; but the root- pruning of fruits, when it is properly carried out, has good results. There are, however, a few points in the practice which should be duly considered before any interference with the roots iB commenced. We have to take thought of the nature of the soil, its quality, depth, subsoil, and drainage ; and then the room, whether the heads of the trees are restricted, or allowed to grow in size. If the trees are standards, and planted at a good distance apart, and the soil is fairly good, resting on a well-drained subsoil, I would say, " Don't touch the roots, and prune the tree sparingly after the foundation of the head is formed." The trees, good sorts, will soon come into bearing, after which time they will need liberal treatment. The case is different when space is limited, and the knife must be freely used to keep the trees within the allotted space, and the roots must then be taken in hand. I have root-pruned several trees in this garden at various times with good results, but not large trees, at one operation ; I always do these in twice, the work being done in the autumn. In the case of young trees in orchards, the pruning is fre- quently over-done ; and if the branches were allowed a little more freedom, the trees would produce sooner more fruit-bearing wood, but at no time should the heads become crowded in the interior with small shoots, which lack of light and air render barren and useless. Moderate extension should be the aim of the orchard cultivator, and it is doubtful whether, in the majority of cases, the roots of standard Apples and Pears should ever be pruned, provided the roots were evenly spread out, and not buried too deep in the ground at the time of planting. H. Markham, Mere- worth Castle Gardens. Mr. Crowley does well in calling attention to this matter in his note in a recent issue of the Gardeners' Chronicle. I am sure that root-pruning is too much resorted to. I allude to those persons who may be called the older school of gardeners. There is certainly less root- pruning practised now-a- days, and I will venture to say that more fruit is obtained under what may be termed the newer system, which is simply to let the roots alone when the trees have been planted in the right manner. I assert that Apple trees, in the majority of cases, can be so managed as to bear full crops of fruit without ever root-pruning them at all, no matter how rampant the growth. The exception to this rule is generally when the trees have but limited space to grow in ; for instance, those planted close alongside the garden paths. Strong growers, as Warner's King, Bismarck, Gascoigne'a Scarlet Seedling, or Grenadier, sorts which occur to one at the moment, cannot readily be induced to bear freely when the space allowed the trees is not large enough for considerable develop- ment. It is Bometimes requisite to plant rather thickly so as to obtain a collection of Apples for kitchen and dessert uses ; but it is then useless to expect the trees to make much growth and to bear fruit in sufficient quantity to satisfy the average of cultivators without restricting the roots in some way ; and root - pruning is absolutely necessary to gain the end in view, and to lessen the growth of branches, and induce the formation of fruit-buds. If under the conditions such as those Mr. Crowley points out the trees were root- pruned, and no opportunity presented itself to supply the trees with water after the fruit was set, there are still three other devices open to the cultivator to hinder the fruit from dropping in large numbers : first, by thinning it to a reasonable quantity on each tree directly it can be seen which are the most pro- mising fruits, a very important point with young trees, which should not be over-taxed whilst young, espe- cially if the roots have been recently interfered with. I not only thin the fruit on all the young trees here — lOW, or more — but the bloom-buds are lessened in number, which relieves the strain on the trees. The second point ia to mulch the roots with partly- decayed stable manure, or with leaf-soil, wood-ashes, and decayed vegetable refuse. Those who do not practise mulching when watering is not possible, cannot realise the benefits derived by the trees from the practice, not only so far as the current season's crop is concerned, but the following season. When the roots are exposed to a hot sun, and the ground is rendered hard by the winter rains, the roots are driven down in quest of moisture, not finding it at or near the surface, with the con- sequence that much strong growth is made. The July 22, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 103 Fig. 28. — summjb pbunino, (seb p. 100.) third and alternative practice, where neither water- ing nor mulching can be carried oat, is to maintain the surface soil continually in a loose friable state, to prevent its cracking, and affording openings for the escape of moisture by evaporation. By this means alone I have been enabled to keep some hundreds of Apple trees in a thriving state during the recent hot and dry weather, and preserve a full crop of fruit on them, too. The trees in question were planted in the autumn of 1890 and winter of 1891, and not a drop of water or a handful of mulching material have I been able to provide them with, but I am satisfied with the results. 1 will now refer to some trees which have been planted about six years, and have, as yet, not borne a good crop, but have made abundance of wood. Some persons would say, the only way to make these trees fruitful would be to root-prune them. This, I say, is absolutely unnecessary, except in the case of one or two sorts, where the width and height are available, which 1 may assume is always obtain- able in an orchard. There may be other reasons why these trees make so much growth and so little fruit ; in the first place they may have been planted too deeply, and if that is so, it is useless to expect fruit in quantity until the roots are brought nearer to the surface, and enabled to derive more benefit from sun-heat than is otherwise possible, and induce the forming of fibrous roots, which would bring about better ripening of the wood, which alone is the means of obtaining abundance of fruit. Simple root-pruning of such trees might check luxuriant growth, but it would not ensure a crop of fruit. The evil of deep planting in heavy soil is a serious one, and I should, under such con- ditions, replant the trees, bringing the roots near to the surface, and by care in regulating the branches, mulching the soil, and so on, I should expect in a very few years a full crop of fruit ; and once this is obtained, there should not be much difficulty afterwards in having an annual supply, unfa- vourable seasons ol course excepted. If trees are planted in such a manner that their roots are near the surface, whether they are standards or bushes, no matter how vigorously they grow, it is unnecessary to root-prune them, but there Bhould be no close pruning or pinching of the leading sin ■' t a ; and the branches should be bent outwards in such a manner that all parts of the tree can re- ceive a full share of light and air. Surplus shoots not required for filling gaps in the tree, being pinched in the month of June, to within 3 inches of their base, allowing the leaders to extend at will ; and assuming that the latter have reached from 2 to 3 feet in length by the autumn, instead of pruning them back to within 1 foot of their base, or lesB as some do, 1 cut off the tip at about 6 inches, as a means of inducing the buds behind to plump up, and form either fruit-buds eventually, or lateral shoots to furnish that part of the tree in the near future. Where the leading shoots are less than 2 feet long, and these promise to push their base- eyes, as well as those situated nearer the point, I do not interfere with them at all, but allow them to grow. The season following, the trees will be found to be less productive of wood, and there will be more signs of a fruit crop. By the let-alone-plan, or a modification in pruning, the trees very soon exhauBt themselves of much, there is less of gross growth, and this is followed, as everyone knows, by a full crop of fruit. The less growth of an objection- able kind is apparent, the greater will be the increase in fibrous roots. Persons who have a heavy soil to deal with, would act wisely in plant- ing their trees on the surface, and forming a slight mound over the roots, just sufficient to cover these. In all this, I assume that the land has been properly prepared, by digging the soil to a depth of not less than 18 inches. If this method of planting were more practised than now, we should hear less lamentation about the fruit crops, the need of root- pruning, and canker of the branches. There is another aspect in the question of Apple-growing, viz., the obtaining the greatest amount of crop in the shortest space of time. I allude to the question of stcck upon which the trees are worked. I know some persons stick to the Paradise stock, but give me trees that are worked upon these of the seed- ling Apple stocks, raised mainly, I believe from the pips of cider Apples. Some persons aver that the Paradise stock induces an earlier fruit crop, but that is impossible, as I have expe- rienced in the heavy soil of this place. Give me a tree worked upon a seedling Apple stock [Crab?] for freedom of growth, early and continuous bear- ing. Waltbam Abbey Seedling and Ashmead's 104 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [Jclt 22, 1893. Kernel Improved are varieties of Apples which have given me the most trouble in inducing them to bear anything like a full crop of fruit ; and for several years I tried them upon the let-alone principle, but I was compelled at last to severely root-prune the trees. Now I have no trouble whatever with them. E. Molyneux. ACHIMENES LONGIFLORA — On looking through the tents at Chiswick last week, I noticed a small collection of Achimenes nicely bloomed, some of which were marked " new," one being Achimenes longiflora. This must surely, I thought, be a mistake, and on referring to my Thompson's Gar- deners' Assistant, p. 807, on reaching home, I found in the list of varieties there given, " A. longiflora major, large flower, blue." I know that we used to have forty years ago both A. longiflora and a rather larger flower, A. 1. major, neither now cultivated so much as they deserve, people running after the gaudy but far lesB elegant tuberous Begonias. All the same, we ought not to have a plant as " old as the hills " dubbed new. The Old-un. EUCALYPTU8 AND THE " TIMES."— In the Times of Monday it was stated, in an article on the colonies and a paragraph about Uganda, that it was useless to congratulate Sir Gerald Portal on his Eucalyptus planting, because that tree (varieties were ignored) takes six months to sprout and sixty years to become a tree. Whence the Times correspondent's expe- rience has been derived I do not know, but I myself have planted the Eucalyptus in good soil, under a hot sun, and in eight months had my seedlings of 1 foot high become small trees of 9 feet high — an average growth of a foot a month, which few other plants can rival ; and I have seen the Eucalyptus in thirty years become a magificent forest tree. D. AVENUES OF ELM8. — Has your correspondent who made enquiries on this subject seen the avenues near Ham House, Petersham, the residence of Earl Dysart? -V. Y. WHICH 18 THE EARLIEST PEA FOR MARKET PURPOSES, LIGHTNING OR ECLIPSE?— I notice in the issue of the Gardeners' Chronicle of June 17 a paragraph relating to " High prices of growing Peas," from which comparisons may be drawn by novices in Pea culture as to which is the earliest variety. Practical men are, of course, aware that to do so would lead to erroneous conclusions ; there cannot, however, be any denial of the fact, that £18 lO. per acre is a remarkable price for Lightning, which appears to have been realised about June 8. The following incident, which I have not seen noted in the press, was probably not considered by those im- mediately concerned of sufficient importance to call the attention of the public to it at the time. It is a fact, nevertheless, that on May 17, three weeks before, a field of the Eclipse, measuring a little over 2 acres, was sold by Messrs. Moore & Son by auction in Tewkesbury market, which brought the still more remarkable price of £45 for the lot. Here, then, is a case in which some may reasonably infer that the blue Pea was the earlier of the two. We frequently see in the pages of the horticultural press notices of the earliness of certain individual varieties of the Pea tribe, and without questioning the bona fides of the reports given, unless these are tried against others of the same class, and under the same con- ditions, they are really mere testimonials in favour of the skill of the cultivator and the resources at his command, and no criterion as to the intrinsic merits of the Pea itself. Now, I think it would be of the utmost value if a market grower who had grown the two Peas in question in large breadths, say, by the acre, and under exactly similar con- ditions, would give us the benefit of his experience. Mine has been, so far as Lightning is concerned, that it is much after the style of the old Ringleader and Carter's First Crop — very suitable for a gentle- man's garden, where extra attention and protection can be given, but too tender for field culture, while it is too pale a green to be attractive to market buyers ; consequently my old favourite, the Eclipse, being of a hardier constitution, reaches a marketable state, all things being equal in its cultivation, generally before its electrical competitor. An Old Gardener. MILDEW ON PEAS— When at Rousham Park, Oxfordshire, at the end of last summer, I was much struck with some lines of Ne Plus Ultra Peas, which appeared to be entirely unaffected by mildew at a season of the year when this variety is often much subject to it. I found that Mr. Wingrove, the gardener, immediately upon the mildew putting in appearance, dusted the soil about the roots and the lower part of the foliage with soot, with the result that the spread of the mildew was at once checked. While the Peas were manured by the soot being placed upon the soil, Mr. Wingrove stated he always found soot to be an unfailing remedy against the mildew. E. D. LINUM GRANDIFLORUM.— Blue, rose, and white, are known garden varieties, parentage uncertain ; the crimson-red Linum is indigenous to Algeria, and is probably a distinct species, although generally per- mitted to pass as a garden variety. It is hardly fair to make our seed list answerable for a general horticultural error. S. A., Harlesden, N.W. IMPROVED WROXTON ONION.— This is one of the best keeping Onions in cultivation, testimony to this effect being borne by some of the leading Onion cultivators in Oxfordshire. It is of a large globular shape, intermediate in tint between the brown and the White Globe varieties, and when matured it takes on a golden-brown skin colour. In its long-keeping quality it follows the old Brown Globe, or James' Keeping, which might have been one of its parents. I was at Rousham Park, Oxon, last summer just as Mr. Wingrove had pulled his crop of the Wroxton Onion ; they were of good size, even, and very solid and heavy. As the old school of Onion growers held to the Brown Globe as a keeper, the newer school are equally satisfied with the Wroxton. R. D. THE R.H.8. EXAMINATIONS.— I would like to suggest that following upon the publication of the questions set in the respective grades at the recent Royal Horticultural Society's examinations, should come the publication of the answers by the leading candidate in each grade. These would prove of edu- cational value, in helping novices in examinations to understand the sort of method and matter required from them at any future examination. The great thing just now is to encourage effort in this direc- tion, and there is an immense amount of timidity to overcome. In the meantime, the publication of the replies being deferred for a few weeks, it would be capital practice did prospective candidates but have a try at the questions, and then see, when the best replies are published, how near they may have arrived at exactness. Work of this kind Bhould prove of exceptional interest, as well as of value to young gardeners. A. D. 8EED CATALOGUES: THE TRUE LORD ANSON'S PEA, LATHVRUS MAGELLANICUS.— This plant dis- appeared suddenly from commerce nearly forty years since, and L. azureus, in a Mahatma-like manner, appeared in its place, and has been tacitly supported in its usurped position throughout seed- growing Europe. The original species is being sought after, and may soon be reinstated. 8, A. BLUE HYDRANGEA HORTENSIS.— I remember, many years ago, when living at Linton Park, Kent, under the late Mr. J. Robson, all of the above plants, which were growing in a certain part of the park, produced flowers of a blue colour , the soil was a stiff clay, and contained a quantity of iron. Cuttings taken from these plants and flowered in pots inva- riably gave pink flowers of the ordinary kind ; in another part of the grounds, where we had a light limestone soil, the plants always had pink flowers. I have somewhere seen a statement that a solution of alum given to the plants occasionally before flowering commences, will cause the flowers to become blue, but have not been able to try it here, as the plant is too tender for this place. W, H. Divers, Ketton Hall Gardens, Stamford. Societies. • ROYAL CALEDONIAN HORTICUL- TURAL. July 12. — On this date considerable enthusiasm among all classes of horticulturists was witnessed in the Waverley Market, by exhibitors who came from far and near, to show their devotion to the queen of flowers. Though rain had fallen heavily the day previously, and on the show day also, the Roses were tabled in wonderfully fine condition. The nurserymen came forward in their usual strength, but gardeners and amateurs were not more than half the number which are often taking part in the contests at this season, Plants and fruits also hold prominent positions at the summer shows. The former were less than usual, but fruits, especially Grapes and Peaches, made up for a deal which was lacking in the other classes. The entries were 170 of plants, 140 of cut flowers, 101 of fruits, and 200 of vegetables. In the nurserymen's classes there were 20 of plants and 80 of cut flowers. The tables filled with plants and cut flowers from the local nursery- men as usual were conspicuous in the large hall, and many objects of beauty and interest were exhibited. Entering at the east end a brilliant display of Pansies and Violas were most attractive, by a table well- filled from Dickson & Co., who had their choicest flowers on exhibition. Among Pansies, Holyrood, White Sylvia, Tory, Dorothy Tennant, and Bullion, held their own among many novelties. The centre of this table waB ornamented with Palms, and the margins were neatly clothed with dwarf Ferns, Roses, and other cut flowers. From this firm was also a good collection of Carnations and Cloves, in pots and as cut flowers, in variety. From Messrs. Methven came a fine collection of Figs in pots, loaded with fruit, Brown Turkey, Negro Largo, White Marseilles, Brown and White Ischia, and Brunswick were the moat promising for small- pot culture. From the same firm was also a collec- tion of Clematis in pots ; White Enchantress, Lord Nevil, Lady Bovill, Gipsy Queen, Duchess of Teck, and Princess of Wales were amoDg the choicest. They were placed with numerous Lilies, auratum platyphyllum being specially attractive. From Mr. Watt, Newstead, came an attractive exhibit of Disa grandiflora, about five dozen plants in small pots. Beside these was a very interesting collection of alpine plants from Mr. Cuthbertson, Rothesay. Messrs. Laing & Mather, of Kelso, were, as usual, strong in Carnations ; their Lady Nina Balfour (a pale pink Carnation) was again exhibited, and showed its fine character, with strong stems and bold flowers. The yellow Germania and pink Malmaison were in fine condition. Collections of alpines from Messrs. Cocker, Aber- deen, had their admirers ; and a table of Arancaria excelsa, in various sizes, from Mr. Phillips, Granton Road Nurseries, were finely arranged with Ferns, Carnations in pots, and plants with striking foliage. A finely-arranged table of flowering plants, inter- spersed with Ferns and many plants with fine foliage, came from Mr. John Downie, Beech-hill Nursery, the glass in which is to be devoted to the class indicated. Double Begonias (Triomphe de Nancy was very fine), Draca;na Lindeni, and some well coloured Crotons gave a fine effect to the gay flowers. The tables arranged for competition were confined to gardeners. Mr. Geo. Wood, Oswald Road, was 1st, with a display of Crotons of fine colour, Liliums, Vandas, a few Odontoglossums (grande), Thunia Marshalliana, Dracaenas, &c. ; Mr. A. Crichton, gr. to Mrs. Croll, was placed 2nd, with a very fine table arranged for effect. Stove and greenhouse plants were contested in the various classes by Mr. Mclntyre, The Glen ; ana Mr. Bald, Cannon House, but not equal to what these keen exhibitors often table in the Waverley market. Foliage plants brought forward stronger and better competition, Mr. Crichton, Liberton, taking 1st prize — Dracaena angustifolia, Pandanus Veitchii, and a variegated Pine-apple were in fine health and colour. Mr. John Forester as 2nd had well-grown Drac;enas, and a fine Croton Williamsi. Mr. Mclntyre was 3rd, with finely grown plants of Til- landsia Zebrina, Rhopala corcovadensis, Dractena Lindeni (finely coloured), and Alocasia Sanderiana. Passing long tables of Ferns, Palms, Dracaenas, Fuchsias, Alpines, cut flowers in great variety, we stopped at the long line of table plants, where Mr. John Downie was placed 1st with twelve neat and healthy plants. Croton superba, C. Thomsoni were prominent in this exhibit. Messrs. Laird was a good 2nd. This long line of plants separated the Roses, and was effective. The Roses were most attractive, and crowds assembled round the tables throughout the day. For forty-eight distinct varieties, the 1st prize was awarded to Messrs. Croll, of Dundee. These were of high colour, and the flowers spotless, many of which were of great size. Her Majesty, Ulrich Brunner, Maid of the Mist, Countess of Oxford, Comtesse de Serenye, Chas. Lefebvre, Silver Queen, S6nateur Vaisse, Marguerite de St. Amand, Duchess de Morny, Viscountess Folkstone, Marie Van Houtte, S.-M. Rodocanachi, Francis Lacharme, Marguerite de Roman, Madame Victor Verdier, Lady Alice, General Jacqueminot, White Lady, Mons. A. July 22, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 105 Lapere, Merveille de Lyon, Prince de Rohan, Marie Baumann, Madame Lambard, Gloire de Margottin, Baroness Rothschild, Heinrich Schultheiss, Margaret Dickson, Prince Arthur, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, Etienne Levet, The Bride, White Baroness, Mons. E. Y. Teas, Louis Van Houtte, Mrs. John Laing, Rosieriste Jacobs, Souvenir de S. A. Prince. Duke of Edinburgh, Violette Bouyer, Constantin Tetria- koff, Marchioness of Dufferin, Victor Verdier, La France, Harrison Weir, Helene Paul, John Stuart Mill completed a most creditable collection. The 2nd prize went to Mr. Dickson, of Belfast, with a fine collection, but we have seen that distinguished cultivator table finer blooms; they had been slightly injured by rain, but many remarkable flowers were in this exhibit. Mr. Cocker had a good 3rd. For twenty- four blooms, Messrs. Cocker took the lead ; Prince Arthur, General Jacqueminot, Due de Rohan, Margaret Dickson, La France, and White Lady were of fine form, colour, and of good size. Mr. Croll was 2nd, and Mr. Smith, of Stranraer, 3rd ; both of these exhibitors also showed well in this class. For twenty-four Teas, Messrs. Cocker & Sons 1st prize ; the most of their flowers were very finely formed. Devoniensis, Souvenir d'un Ami, Princess Beatrice, Cleopatra, Souv. d'EliBe, Rubens, and Madame Hoste were extra fine. Mr. Robertson, nurseryman. Helensborough, was 2nd ; his Marejhal Niel, The Queen, and Archduchesse Therose were of extra merit. In the class of twelve trusses, three of each, Messrs. Cocker was 1st, and Mr. Croll 2nd. Great numbers of " Scotch " and Ayrshire Roses were exhi- bited by Mr. Cocker. Baskets of Roses and bouquets were in great numbers. The gardeners' classes were not strongly repre- sented. Mr. Henderson, Clemerston ; Mr. Thomson, of Kinglassie ; Mr. W. Parlane, Rosslea Row ; and Mr. Harper, Perth, were the leading prizewinners, and they exhibited many remarkably fine flowers. It is worthy of remark that among the Scotch exhibitors there was less " dressing," or it might be termed disfiguring, of Roses, than we have seen. There is a rule in the schedule to disqualify these unnatural flowers, and we learned from members of council that this rule was to be put more strongly in force in future. We think it should have been applied with decisive force years ago. Nature may be assisted, but should not be distorted. Leaving many fine exhibits of Roses unnoticed, we had to give a loving glance to some choice Orchids. Mr. Wood, gr., Oswald Road, was 1st, with Cattleya Sanderiana and Vanda suavis in good form ; and Mr. Sharpe of Freelands was 1st, with a collection of four, Cattleya Gaskelliana, Odonto- glossum vexillarium, Disa grandiflora, and Cypri- pedium Lawrenceanum rubellum. This exhibitor had a very good plant of Cypripedium Veitchii with fifteen fine flowers. Among the cut flowers and bouquets many good species of Orchids were prominent. The fruit, especially Grapes, was of great merit in most of the classes. Pines from The Glen, Culzean Castle, and Archerfield, were fair (or finish, though some would have been better elsewhere. A good rule to prevent small Pines, unsuitable for an exhi- bition table being exhibited, has been inserted in the schedule, which does not admit a Queen under three and a-half pounds, and Cayennes not less than five and a-half pounds. The collections of fruit were contested by four exhibitors, Mr. Kirk, Alloa, out-distancing others by his grand Grapes— Hamburgbs of great size and bunch, and finely coloured ; Madresfield Court very perfect in form, size of bunch and berry ; and fine Buckland Sweetwater. Peaches, Melons, and Figs were very good in this collection of eight sorts. Mr. Smith. Oxenford Castle, had a capital 2nd, his Peaches, Nectarines, and Figs were first-rate. Mr. Mclntyre, The Glen, was 3rd, with a fine lot. Some others competed well in this class. First for four fine bunches of Grapes went to Mr. Murray, Park Hall, for large bunches of Black Hamburgh, and Muscat of Alexandria. Mr. Kirk was 2nd, with capital Black Hamburgh and Buck- land Sweetwater, and Mr. Smith was 3rd. In this class there were many fine exhibits. For two bunches of white Grapes, a splendid pair of Duke of Baccleuch came from Mr. Rutherford, Airthrie Castle, Bridge of Allan. For " any other black " Mr. Kirk was 1st with a splendid pair of bunches. For two bunches of Black Hamburgh Mr. Rutherford had 1ft, with compact finely-finished bunches. Peaches were fine in size, though some were inferior in colour. Many of the exhibits were over- ripe; Cherries and Strawberries were strongly represented in quantity, but there were few remarkable dishes among them. Melons were not numerous, but appeared to be good. Vegetables were good, especially Cauliflowers, Peas, Cabbages, Turnips, Carrots, and Potatos. In the collection of twelve sorts were some fine Cucumbers, and Tomatos. The best Tomatos came from Mr. Jaffrey, gr., Harewood, Leeds. Though this fine show was not so remarkable for bulk as some previous exhibitions, it was altogether remarkable for absence of inferior quality among the exhibits. WOLVERHAMPTON FLOWER SHOW. July 11, 12, 13. — Unsettled weather, with a thunder storm on the first day, greeted this exhibi- tion ; still, there was a very large attendance on the second day, and an immense attendance on the third. For sixteen stove and greenhouse plants, Mr. Cypher, Cheltenham, was 1st, and had in his lot very fine examples of Ixora Pilgrimii, a superb Erica Parmentieri rosea, Kalosanthes coccinea, in brilliant colour ; a grand Allamanda nobilis. Statice profusa, amnngst the blooming plants ; 2nd, Mr. Alderman Marriott, Coventry (gr., Mr. W. Finch), in whose collection were a monster Ixora Williamsii, an example of fine culture ; a dwarf, beautifully- flowered Allamanda giaodiflora, and a model Erica impressa, and two grand Crotons. For six stove and greenhouse plants, 1st, Mr. Cypher, with Stephanotis floribunda, Aphelexls pro- lifera Birnesii, Allamanda nobilis, Ericas Thomp- sonii and Parmentieri rosea, Ixora salicifolia — a capital six ; 2nd, Mr. Alderman Marriott, with liip- ladenia amabilis in grand form ; Ixora Fraseri, and the very distinct and fragrant Allamanda Williamsi, a variety evidently a hybrid, with a strong parentage of A. nerifolia, and profuse blooming ; and two other plants. Ornamental plants, Palms, and Ferns, were well shown. In the class for eight Exotic Orchids, Mr. Cypher was the only exhibitor, and he had Miltonia vexil- laria, Cattleya Gaskelliana. and C. Sanderiana ; a very fine Odontoglosaum Harryanum, Epidendrum prismatocarpum, Odontoclossum Pescatorei, Cypri- pedium Curtisii, and C. Selligerum. Liberal prizes were offered for groups not to exceed 4">0 feet, and five very fine groups were staged: 1st, M. Cypher; 2nd, Mr. F. Denning, florist, Birmingham ; 3rd, Mr. W. H. Dyer, Birmingham. Rose?. Several classes were devoted to these flowers, and there was a very good display, the northerners getting it all to themselves in the open classes, the southern growers being unable to compete. Messrs. Harkness & Sons, Bedale, were 1st respectively for seventy-two blooms, thirty-six and twenty-four blooms ; and 2nd for forty-eight blooms. Messrs. Robt. Mack & Son, Catterick, were 2nd for seventy- two blooms and for twenty-four; and 1st for forty- eight blooms. Mr. H. Merry weather, Southwell, was 3rd for seventy-two and for forty-eight; and 2od for thirty-six blooms. Messrs. D. & W. Croll, Dundee, was 4th for seventy-two, 1st for twelve light-coloured Roses, veiy superb blooms of Etoile de Lyon ; and 1st for twelve Teas. In the amateur classes, Mr. Budd, Bath, and the Rev. Mr. Pemberton led, the former being 1st for thirty -six and twenty- four blooms, and for twelve Teas. Pansies. Messrs. Dobbie & Co. easily won the 1st prize, with an extensive well set-up display ; 2nd, Messrs. W. Paul & Co., Bridge of Weir; 3rd, Mr. Campbell, Blantyre, Silver Medals beiDg awarded to the last- named. In Messrs. Dobbie's display were six new Violas, which received Certificates, viz , Miss Gibson, PriDce of Orange, Duchess of Rothesay, Lady Dufferin, Lillie Langtry, and Avondale. In addition, this firm had a very fine display of Sweet Peas, striped French and models in form of African Mari- golds, Pelargoniums, Carnations, herbaceous blooms, &c, to which a handsome Silver Medal was awarded ; 30 yards of tabling was required for this superb display. In the gentleman gardeners' classes, open to the neighbouring counties, a good display was made. There was an excellent display of Gloxinias, some good stove and greenhouse plants. Six fine Orchids, which obtained the 1st prize, exhibited by Mr. J. Palmer, gr. to W. Bown, Esq., Birmingham, contain- ing a wonderfully fine bond fide specimen Epidendrum prismatocarpum, with twenty-four fine spikes of bloom ; Cattleya Sanderiana, very fine ; C. Mendeli and C. Mossise, Epidendrum vitellinum majus, and Cypripedium Lawrenceanum. Some fine Fuchsias, Caladiums, and exotic Ferns, were staged, also two lots of good Begonias and one lot of six excellent pyramidal Coleus and medium- sized zonal Pelargoniums. In this section good prizes were also awarded for groups of plants not to exceed 400 square feet : Mr. Powell, gr. to G. H. Ken- rick, Esq., Birmingham, was 1st; and Mr. Horton, gr. to W. Fowler, Esq., Sedgley, 2nd. Other flowers, fruits, and vegetables were competed for in this section. Amatiubs. Another division was set apart for amateurs who do not keep a gardener, and who reside within ten miles of Wolverhampton, and there was a spirited competition for groups and other plants, cut flowers, &c. Another section was for cottagers only of the district, and the exhibits were so numerous and so good as to give the judges plenty of work. There were ten excellent exhibits of vegetables, ten ex- hibits of collections of herbs, seventy dishes of capital Peas, fifteen lots of three dishes of Potatos, and other claBses, well filled with good all-round exhibits. Fbuit. There was a fair display of fruit, some of which was of excellent quality. In the class for ten kinds, Mr. Gilman, Ingestre Hall, was 1st, with Foster's Seedling and Black Hamburgh Grapes, both well coloured; Violette ILltiveand Royal George Peaches, and a line Hero of Lockinge Melon. Mr. Banner- man, gr. to Lord Bagot, was 2nd ; with two other exhibits. For four bunches of Grapes. — 1st, Mrs. Meakin, Stafford; 2nd, W. II. F. Ilaj hurst, Esq. For two bunches of Black Grapes. — 1st, Rev. Mr. Coventry ; 2nd, Mr. W. H. F. Hayhurst. Rev. Mr. Coventry was 1st for two bunches of white Grapes, Foster's Seedling. There were other classes for fruits. Vegetables. Messrs. Sutton & Sons and Messrs. Webb & Sons offered prizes for collections of vegetables, and those two champions, Mr. Waite and Mr. Wilkins, out- distanced all other exhibitors. Mr. Waite was 1st for Messrs. Webbs' prizes, and 2nd for Messrs. Suttons' ; and this position was reversed for Messrs. Suttons' prizes. Miscellaneous. Two fair lots of twenty-four herbaceous blooms were staged in the open class, 1st. Messrs. Townsend ; 2od, Mr. G. Newell, Edgbaston, Birmingham. In the three open classes for bouquets, Messrs. Perkins & Sons, had no competitors, as the excellent exhibits from this firm have a deterrent influence on many others. There was a class for twenty-four varieties of hardy flowers most snitable for park decoration, given by the Chairman of the Parks Committee, but it brought out only one exhibit from Messrs. Town- send & Son, and that- not of any particular merit, being chiefly annuals, some not of a very decorative character. Mr. Paul Lutz, of Wolverhampton, gained a Gold Medal as a 1st prize for "the finest display of Fansies and Violas ; " and three large exhibits were Btaged from Scotland. Honorary exhibits were numerous, and several Medals were awarded, notably to Messrs. White & Son, Worcester; Messrs. Hewitt & Co., Birming- ham ; Messrs. Thomson & Co., Birmingham ; Messrs. Birkenhead, Sale; Messrs. Edwards & Sons. Sher- wood, Nottingham ; Mr. W. P. Bason, Wolver- hampton, for excellent Mushroom-spawn; Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Worcester ; Messrs. Wright & Holmes, for greenhouses ; Messrs. Bayliss & Inman, for rustic-work, and other exhibits of garden requirements. The arrangements were good, thanks to the energy of Messrs. Green & Son and Mr. Powell, who had the bulk of the work to do. CHERTSEY, WALTON, AND WEY- BRIDQE HORTICULTURAL. July 13. — This exhibition was held in the pleasant grounds of Oatlands Lodge, Weybridge, on the above date. Groups of plants arranged for effect were a distinct feature, in the larger class five competing, Mr. G. J. Cook, gr. to J. S. Sassoon, Esq., Ashley Park, Walton, won with a creditable arrangement, Mr. Hopkins, gr. to Mrs. Wodderspoon, Walton-on- 106 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jdly 22, 1893. Thames, was the 1st prize-winner in the smaller class with a charming arrangement. Foliage plants were best shown by Mr. Cool, and also exotic Ferns. Mr. Millican won for hardy Ferns. In the class for a specimen flowering-plant, Mr. Hopkins staged a well-flowered Bougainvillea glabra, and won premier award. Tuberous Begonias were very well shown, Mr. W. Steadman, gr. to Miss Verity, Moorcroft, Weybridge, winning easily. Mr. T. Cheesman, gr. to W. Riddall, ^sq., Hyden Road, Walton, was 1st for Fuschias. Mr. E. Gardner, gr. to R. H. Turner, Esq., Ryden Road, Walton, won for zonal Pelargoniums, with freely-flowered specimens. Gloxinias were well represented by the six plants that won premier award for Mr. Steadman. Cut flowers made a bright display. Mr. Will Taylor, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, was 1st for twenty-four distinct varieties of Roses. Mr. Osman, Ottershaw Park, won for twelve trusses miscellaneous flowers. Mr. Pagram, gr. to A. Hobhouse, Esq., Byfleet Road, won for twelve varieties herbaceous flowers. Fruit made an interesting display. Mr. Swann, gr. to Murray Smith, Esq., Brackley Lodge, Wey- bridge, secured 1st place for six dishes, for two bunches of black Grapes, and for two of white Grapes. In all classes the exhibits were good. This exhibitor also took premier award for a dish of Peaches, with extra fine Princess of Wales. Mr. Carpenter staged Lord Napier Nectarine in the single dish class. Mr. Prothero, gr. to Miss Green, Oakwood, Wey- bridge, bad the best Melon in a spirited competition. To Mr. Swann, for his two bunches of black Grapes, was awarded the Silver Medal given by the pro- prietors of the Gardeners' Magazine, for the exhibit which displajs the most cultural skill. Messrs. J. Laing & Sons were very highly com- mended for a group of miscellaneous plants, not for competition ; as also was Mr. G. Jackman, Woking, for eight dozen Rose blooms. NATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY'S SHOW AT WORKSOP. July 13 — The provincial showof the National Hose Society was held on the above date, in connection with the annual exhibition of the Worksop Rose and Horticultural Society. Great interest was, as usual, taken in the nurserymen's competition for the Jubilee Challenge Trophy, for which there were five entries. Messrs. Harkness & Sons, of Bedale, proved suc- cessful, and they also secured a Silver Medal. This makes the fifth time the firm has won the trophy. Their collection was a grand one, and conspicuous in it was a Horace Vernet and a Reynolds Hole. There was also an exceedingly well-grown specimen of Pierre Notting. Ireland provided the 2nd prize- winner in Messrs. Alex. Dickson & Sons, New- townards, co. Down, and their specimens were rather more varied in colour than the victors. Prominent amongst them were Madame Iloste and Comtesse Nadaillac. In the seventy-two distinct, single trusses, Messrs. Harkness again took 1st honours, their best blooms being a Dr. Sewell, Duke of Connauglit, and Su- zanne-Marie Rodocanachi. Messrs. Dickson & Sons were to the fore with thirty-six distinct, of three trusses each ; and Mr. H. Merryweather of Southwell came out 1st in the thirty-six distinct single trusses; he had a fine sample of the Due de Wellington. Messrs. Mack & Sons were successful in the eighteen distinct, with a splendid case, which included flowers of Victor Hugo, Rodocanachi, and Due de Rohan, of very fine quality. Dr. S. Budd of Bath showed, among others, a fine Merveille de Lyon. Mr. H. V. Machen of Gateford, Worksop, who was expected to make a grand show, had his chances somewhat spoiled by the heavy rain of the previous day, but be staged a remarkably nice lot. The amateurs' trophy also went to Bedale, being secured for the first time by Mr. A. Whitton. There was a Comte de Raimbaud, which was perfect, and its equal has rarely been seen this season ; and the Victor Hugo and Catherine Mermet were both lovely flowers. Mr. Hutchinson of Kirbymoreside took 2nd honours with a meritorious collection. The remaining classes were only open to amateurs. The thirty- six. distinct, single trusses, was a very strong class. The Rev. S. II. Peniberlon was 1st, and he also was awarded a piece of plate, given by the Duke of Portland ; and a Silver Medal. The latter was won by a Mrs. John Laing, which was undoubtedly the best Rose in the show. There were some choice flowers in classes 6 and 7, and Mr Machin, Mr. Hutchinson, Mr. Whitton, and Mr. W. Boyce of Derby, gained the coveted honours. In Class 9, Miss Mellish, of Hodsock Priory, Work- sop, had to take 2nd place to Mr. Grabame, of Croy- don. Mr. Boyes was to the fore in another class, and Miss Mellish had again to take 2nd place. The competition was very close, however. Miss Jebb of Firbeck Hall, succeeded in capturing a winning ticket with a charming case. The same lady took premier honours for six Teas or Noisettes ; Mr. A. Stewart, of Carlton, being placed 2nd ; and Miss Mellish, 3rd. In the Tea and Noisette division some grand blooms were Bhown. Mr. Merryweather, Mr. J. Mount of Canterbury, Messrs. Dickson & Son, Dr. Budd, and Mr. Machen were the principal winners, and competition was keen in all the classes. Staged in this tent were the Roses of the exhibitors to the local show, and they proved a most meritorious lot ; some of them were worthy of a place amongst the National exhibits. Messrs. Dickson, Brown, & Tait, of Manchester, had a stand of lovely blooms, not for competition. With respect to the other part of the Bhow, no fault could be found. There were monster vegetables, finely-grown plants, and a fine collection of fruits. In the latter division, the Duke of Portland, the Duke of Newcastle, Mr. F. J. S. Foljambe, and Mr. Frank Huntsman were amongst the competitors, and, as might have been expected, the display was a finer one than has been seen in the district for some time. In the large groups arranged for effect, Mr. A. Webb, Kelham, Newark, came 1st, with a group full of colour ; and the Duke of Portland was 2nd. Messrs. Fisher, Son & Sibray upheld their reputation by a charming display of plants, including some choice Orchids. Their exhibits were not for com- petition, and the same remark applies to the flowers and Tomatos sent by the Shireoaks Market Garden Company. Sheffield Telegraph. PEOPLES PALACE, MILE END. July 13. — It seemed quite appropriate tothe general purposes of this institution that a flower show should be held in connection with it. The Governors are desirous of encouraging the growth of plants and flowers in the houses and gardens of the resi- dents in this crowded district, and for this purpose they issued a schedule of prizes for plants, window boxes, Fern cases, cut flowers, Tomatos, and Cu- cumbers ; two of the classes being devoted to ex- hibits by children. It waB required that exhibitors be bond fide, residents in the Tower Hamlets and Hackney divisions of the London School Board, and a very encouraging response for a first attempt resulted ; small collections of plants, of a very credible character were shown, which must have been grown with great care, being so bright, clean, and on the whole well flowered. Among the subjects were Gloxinias, tuberous and Rex Be- gonias, India-rubber plants, Tomatos in pots, Coleus, Ferns, Plumbago capensis, Fuchsias, zonal Pelar- goniums, Asters, Lilies, &c. Bond tide window plants consisted largply of Fuchsias, some of them trained to large fan-shaped trellises, very finely grown and bloomed ; the best plant in the show was one of these Fuchsias, covering several feet each way, grown by George Haydon, a labourer, living in the Longfellow Road, Mile End, and which well deserved one of the Medals of the Royal Horticultural Society ; for be- sides being covered with clean and healthy foliage, it had some thirty racemes of bloom. Some capital Ivies were shown in this class ; and one poor woman, looking as if she was feeling the pinch of poverty, brought in a mass of Sedum acre growing in an old pie-dish, upon which plant she seemed to set great Btore. Many of the plants were awarded extra prizes, so generally good were they. For once the large hall of the People's Palace held a most attractive flower show, for many groups of plants and cut flowers were sent for exhibition by ladies and gentlemen interested in the movement. In the centre of the hall was a fine collection of plants sent by Mr. Thomas from Frogmore by com- mand of Her Majesty; and the Duke of Norfolk, Duke of Fife, Duchess of Wellington, Lady Roths- child, Lady Hothfield, Lady Henry Somerset, and many others, contributed, these exhibits being tastefully arranged round the sides of the spacious hall, and on tables down the centre, formed an exhibition of an extensive character. Among the trade contributors were Messrs. Cutbush & Son, J. Cheal & Sons, Mrs. Holmes, Hackney ; J. R. Chard, who delighted the East-enders with one of his charming arcadian designs for the table ; Mr. Charles Turner, and others. The Exhibition was opened at mid-day by Lady Rothschild, who expressed the hope that the pro- posal of the Governors to form a Horticultural Society in connection with the People's Palace would prove highly successful. The exhibition remained open from Thursday the 13th, to Saturday the 15th, and was largely attended. Trees and Shrubs. INDIGOFERA GERARDIANA. Like pretty nearly everything else out-of-doora this season, Indigofera Gerardiana is flowering some weeks before its normal time. Whilst in ordinary years we look for the flowers in the months of July and August, they were this year appearing in the third week of June. This is a plant of singularly graceful growth ; the shoots (which in the open ground are only of annual duration, being killed back to the stool each winter), are slender, 2 to 3 feet high, and clothed with delicately green, pin- nate leaves. The flowers, which are papilionaceous, are arranged on erect spikes 6 inches long, and are of a pate rosy-purple ; the plant continues in flower for some weeks. Although not much grown in private gardens, it is well worthy of extensive culti- vation, being suitable for a front place in a border of shrubs, or even in a bed by itself ; as a wall shrub also it is effective. It does not seed as a rule in this country, and is best propagated by cuttings. Lateral shoots should be taken in August with a slight heel of the older wood, and placed in a close shaded frame. If given a light sandy soil, they give no trouble to root, but there is sometimes a little difficulty in getting them sufficiently established and firm of wood to pass the winter. This year, however, will be exceptionally favourable to increase the stock, and cuttings will be obtainable some weeks in advance of the usual time. The early flowering may also allow for the proper ripening of the seed. The species is a native of Northern India. W. J. B. ARKETS. COVENT GARDEN, My 20. Heavy supplies this week, but soft fruit nearly finished. Hot-house goods quiet, with prices falling. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, Out Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. Arum, per doz. bl. ... Aster (French), bun. Bouvardias, per bun. Calceolaria, doz. bun. Carnation, doz. bun. — dozen blooms Cornflower, 12 bun. Eucharis, per dozen Gardenia, per dozen Heliotrope, per doz. sprays Lilium lancifolium, p. doz. blooms — Harrisii, p. doz. Maiden Hair Fern , 12 bunches Marguerite, p. doz. bunches Mignonette, 12 bun. Myosotis, 12 bunches t.d. t.d. a o- 4 o 1 6- a (1 0 6- 1 u 10-60 4 0-90 10-30 10-30 3 0-40 10-30 0 3 0 6 2 ii- .1 0 2 0-50 16-30 2 0-40 2 0-30 Pansy, per doz. bun Orchids: — Cattleya, 12 blms. Odontoglossum orispum,12blms. Pelargoniums, scar- let, p. 12 bun. — 12 sprays Poppy, doz. bunches Primula.dble. p. bun. Pyrethrum, 12 bun. Hoses, doz. bunches — Tea. per dozen — coloured, dozen — yellow (Maro- chals),per doz. — red, perdozen... Stocks, per buuch ... Sweet Sultan, 12bun. Tuberose. 12 blms. i.d. 1 0- l. if. 2 0 2 0-60 3 0- 0 6- 1 6- 0 B- 2 0- 3 0- 0 6- 2 0- 1 6- 1 0- 0 4 - 2 0- 0 4- 6 0 0 9 4 0 1 0 4 0 8 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 1 6 0 6 4 0 0 6 Orchid-bloom in variety. Plants IM Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. Adiantum, per doz. 6 Aspidistra, per doz. 15 — specimen, each 7 Balsams, per doz. 4 Companula, per doz. 6 Calceolaria, per doz. 4 Cockscombs, per doz. 4 Crassula, per doz. ...18 Cyperus, per dozen 4 Dracaena, each ... 1 Ferns, various, doz. 4 Ferns, small, per 100 4 Fieus elastica, each 1 Foliage plants, doz. 12 Fuchsia, per doz. ... 6 if. i. d. 0-12 0 0-30 0 6-21 0 0-6 0 0-12 0 0-6 0 0-6 0 0-42 0 0-10 0 0-5 0 0-9 0 0-8 0 6-7 6 0-42 0 0-9 0 l.d. Heliotrope, per do/. 4 0 Hydrangea, per d6z.12 0 Ivy Geranium, doz. 4 0 Lilium Harrisii ...18 0 — lancefolum, dz.12 l' Lobelia, per do/.. ... 3 0 Marguerite, per doz. 6 0- Mignonette, per doz. pots 4 0- Musk, per doz 2 0- Nasturtiums, p. doz. 4 0- Palms, various, each 2 0- — specimens, eachlO 6- Pelargonium, p. doz. 6 0- — scarlet, p. doz. 3 0. «. if. 6 0 L>1 II fi O 80 ii 18 o 6 0 12 0 6 0 4 0 6 0 10 0 84 0 12 0 6 0 July 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 107 Fbuit.— Average Wholesale Pbices. i. d. s. d. Apples, £-Bieve ... 10-36 Cherries, half-sieve, 5 0-12 0 Currants, black, £sve. 4 0- ... — red, do. ... 1 0- ... Cobs, per 100 lb Gooseberries, half-sve. 1 6-2 0 t.d. t.d. Grapes, per lb. ... 0 9-16 Lemons, per oase ...12 0-20 0 Peaches, per doz. ... 10-60 Pine-apples, St. Mi- chael 2 0-50 Oranges, per case ...20 0-30 0 POTATOS. Home- grown supplies have come in more freely, and last week's prices are fully maintained. Jersey and French prices declining. J. B. Thomas. SEEDS. London : July 19. — Messrs. John Shaw &. Sons, Seed Mer- chants, of Great Maze Pond, Borough, London, S.E., write that higher prices for Trifolium are quoted from France; the English demand for this article now increases every week. America cables advancing rates for Clover seed. Fabulously high figures are realised this season for Trefoil. The few choice spring Tares that are still obtainable meet a ready sale. New home-grown winter Vetches are now being marketed. This year's sowing Rye shows good quality, and can be bought on reasonable terms. There is a good consumptive inquiry for French Italian Rye-grass. In Rape seed the tendency is downwards. Mustard keeps firm. The Canary Beed trade presents no new feature. Hemp seed is steady. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Borough: July IS.— Quotations:— Peas, 2s. to 35. fid, per bushel; Cabbages, 4s. to 6s. per tally; Parsley, 2s. $d, per dozen bunches ; Onions, Egyptian, 4s. to 5s. percwt.; Horse- radish, Is. 6. - a ■"■ o 6 25 a il 5 • a ±•2 1* O O 9 IN ® s» S ■4 U O . o « *« n lis SJ„- egg •'It '. d = + 0 o « o a '£ 3 3 * 3 u s 8 o « si ■«! « tn A ll Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths deg. deg. deg. deg. Inch. Ids 0 2 + 103 0 + 419 - 57 5 — 112 192 11 2li 1 0 aver 102 0 + 266 — 21 2 — 93 12 1 13 32 a 1 — 109 0 + 282 — 62 1 — 80 10 2 18 36 3 0 aver 126 0 + 365 - 37 3 + 78 8-8 27 44 i 0 aver 121 0 -f- 492 - 47 6 + 79 98 21 41 6 0 aver 131 0 + 420 — 43 8 + 75 32 46 6 1 + 115 0 + 397 _ 63 4 — 93 167 39 37 7 I + 123 0 + 500 — 91 5 + 82 12-5 1!. 37 8 I + 126 0 + 542 - 70 10 + 77 U-5 33 49 9 1 + 113 0 + 423 — 104 5 + OS 14 2 24 31 10 0 aver 120 0 + 459- 100 4 + 88 151 22 35 . 1 + 139 0 + 614 — 52 3 + 81 11*3 49 56 The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following : — 0, Scotland. N. Principal Wheat-producing Districts— 1, Scotland. E.; 2, England, N.E. : 3. England, E. ; 4, Midland Oounties; 5, England, including London, S. Principal Grazing, BfC, Districts — 6, Sootland, W. ; 7, England, N.W.; 8. England, S.W. ; 9, Ireland, N.; 10. Ireland, S. ; * Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following anmmary record of the weather for the week ending July 15, is famished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather was exceedingly changeable and showery, with thunderstorms in nearly all parts of the kingdom, and with heavy falls of rain locally. " The temperature was slightly above the mean in nearly all the grazing districts, as well as in 'Scotland, N.;' in other localities it was either equal to or a trifle below the normal. The highest readings were registered on the 'Jth, 10th, or 11th, when the thermometer exceeded 70° in most dis- tricts, and reached 77° in ' England, E.' The lowest readings occurred as a rule on the 15th, when the thermometer fell below 50° in all districts, except- ing the Channel Islands, where the lowest reading was 56°. In the ' Midland Counties and England, S.W.,' the absolute minimum was as low as 44°. " The rainfall amounted to less than the average in Scotland and the north-east of England, but in all other districts a considerable excess was shown. In the ' Midland Counties ' the total fall was twice as much, and in ' England, S. and S.W.,' more than twice as much as the normal, the excess in the two last mentioned districts being due to a heavy fall, which occurred on the 15th or early on the Kith. In Eastbourne and its immediate vicinity, the amount of rain which fell between 7 a M, and i p.m. on the ICth, varied between 2 and 3 inches ; the heaviest fall in a short period being at the rate of about 2 inches per hour. "The bright sunshine was less than the average in all districts, excepting the Channel Islands ; the deficiencies being in many localities very consider- able. The percentage of the possible duration averaged from 11 in 'Scotland, N.,' and 13 in ' Scotland, E.,' to 33 in ' England, S.,' 33 in ' England, S.W.,' and to as much as 49 in the ' Channel Islands.' " Jo- ^ \ 'ormpondenU Apples and Bordeaux Mixture : Munches. It may be used now, at fortnightly intervals, on all but early varieties. A consumer would have to eat several bushels of fruit at a time, and these with the rind on them, before he would show the least symptom of poisoning ! It is quite safe, if the most ordinary caution be employed. Apple from the Cape : Professor McO. So far as we are able to judge, it is Warner's King, a little glorified as regards colour. Correction. — National Carnation Society's Show, Chiswick, Mr. A. Greenfield, Sutton, Surrey, desires to say that it was he who was 1st for six flake Carnations, and not Mr. J. Douglas, as stated in our report. Creepers for a Fence Surroundinu a Much Exposed Lake in Garden: Desideratum. To mask the fence only, plant Periploca grxca, Big- nonia radicans, B. capreolata, Clematis Jack- mani in variety, Lonicera Caprifolim (Honey- suckle), L. sempervirens, L. Periclymenum in variety, Jasminum officinale, Lathyrus grandi- linrus, Rosa arvensis, K. scandens (Ayrshire), R. Boursaulti, R. moschata, R. F6lieit6-Perpetue, Vitis Labrnsca, V. rotundifolia, and Wistaria sinensis. To hide the fence in greenery, plant any of the large- leaved Ivies, as the Irish, Algerian, Regner's, &c; Aristolochia Sipho, this is bare in winter ; Cotone- aster microphylla, Lonicera flexuosa, and Euony- mus japonicus in variety, these last being trained loosely to the ironwork. The plants cannot be planted in the gravel walk, but a good border, so arranged that it will be well drained of the water that falls on it, must be made, and at a rather higher level than the water in the lake. The plants will not Bucceed in a water-logged soil. Having made the border, and allowed the mould to consolidate, there would be no harm in covering it with gravel, &c, and forming a walk, but a space of li to 2 feet in width should be reserved for the plants, at least for a few years. Cucumber Disease: T. W. and T. KiHtilc, Next week. Cucumiiers : A. H. On the Cucumber leaves I find nothing. In the stems and roots no fungus myce- lium. There is no trace of the symptoms of bacterial disease. About the roots are a number of minute hyaline nematode worms. At least, they seem to be so to me, but there are none of the galls, as far as I can see, which are formed on roots by irrita- tion. I do not detect any galls on the root-fibrils. M. C. Cooke. Ellam's Early Cabbage : W. Robinson. Sow in the first week of August and a fortnight later, for South and Mid-England, and in the North and Scotland, a week sooner. Eranthemums with Fungus : Ignorant. Please send more specimens. Gardening in Canada : G. S. With your know- ledge of the business, you need have no hesita- tion in going to Canada, where, if the climate is different to that of this country, it is very healthy, and the prospects for a young, steady, and healthy man are very good. With regard to several matters about which you ought to know something before you start, and which we cannot touch upon in this column, you had better make enquiries at the Emigrants' Information Office, 31, Broadway, Westminster, S.W. One of the best Canadian horticultural journals is the Canadian Horticul- turist, published at Ottawa. Market Prices of Fruit and Vegetables at New York : J. D. S. D. None of the American perio- dicals that reach us contain a list of market prices of fruit and vegetables at New York. Mummy Pea : M. C. A well-known fasciated form of the common Pea. The mummy Btory is all nonsense. Names of Plants : \V. F. Kolreuteria paniculata. — Bruce. 1, Cupressus (Retinospora) obtusa, golden variegation ; 2, Tsuga Pattoniana ; 3, Cupressus (Retinospora) lycopodioides ; 4, Abies nobilis ; 5, Ilex microphylla ; fi, Calystegia 108 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jdly 22, 1893. pubescens. — T. C. 1, Trachelium cteruleum ; 2, Lysimachia thyrsiflora. — Fern, a, Nephrodium montaDnm (Lastrea) ; b, Polypodium Phegopteris ; c, Aspidium (PolvBtichnm) aculeatum; d, Aspi- dium rigidum (Lastrea rigida) ; e, Atbyrium filix-fccmina ; /, Thuya dolabrata.— E. M. C, Kingstown. Depdrnbium Pierardi and D. ciliatum (the lesser). — G. (?., South Wales. 1, Pyrns Aria; 2, Pignonia Cherere; 3, Campanula pnsilla alba; 4, Cypripedium caricinum ; 5, Cypripedinm Parishii ; 6, CotoneaBter Fontainesii, probably. — H.E. Cattleya Forbesii.— Clover Seed. l.Scabiosa arvensis ; 2, Ononis arvensis. — E. C. L. 1, Alnus plutinos a laciniata ; 2, a variety of the same species. We believe it to be the form known as imperialis, bnt the specimen is email. — W. M. J. 1, Juncus obtusifloms ; 2, Carex ampullacea; 3, C. panicnlata ; 4, Polemonium cceruleum; 5, An- tennaria margaritacea ; 6, Kerria japonica. — J. Cooper. Prnnus myrobalana. — Henderson . H.— J. W.— F. W. B.— C. A. B„ Antigua.— P. M. O., Cape Town. — W. G. S.— H. E. L.. Sydney.— G. S. W.— L. L.— A. de la D.— T. E. H.— J. Wills.— Vigor & Co.-T. W. T.— Dr. F. K. E. T. R., Chicago.— R. S.— A O. W.— D. C. P.— B. W.— W. K.— D. T. F.- H. M.— M. T.— V.— J. G. B — W. B. H.— .1. J. W.— E. C— Extension.— J. D.— An Enquirer.— J. F. McL.— E. M. B.— J. S.- J. B.— T. B.— W. J. S. Photographs Received with Thanks.— F. W.B.— G. S.W. Specimens Received.— G. Mc. K.— J. S.— T. W , Hants.— M. Irwin; three of your Peaches quite rotten, others next week.— J. D. DIED. — On July 14, at Westwell Vicarage- Ashford, Kent, Jane Margaret Stevenson, elder daughter of the Rev. H. Honywood D'Ombbain, vicar of the parish, aged 44. LARGELY INCREASED CIRCULATION of the " GARDENERS' CHRONICLE." Important to Advertisers.— The Publisher has the satis- faction of announcing that the circulation of the " Gar- deners' Chronicle " has, since the reduction in the /trice of the paper. Increased to the extent of 75 per cent. Advertisers are also reminded that the "Chronicle" circulates among COUNTRY GENTLEMEN, and all classes of gardeners and garden-lovers at home, that it has a specially tarae foreign and colonial circulation, and is preserved for reference in all the principal Libraries. BOULTON & PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. WINTER GARDENS, CONSERVATORIES. Surveys made in any part of the Country. Ladies and Gentlemen waited upon by Special Appointment. PEACH HOUSES AND VINERIES. CREENHOUSES IN ALL STYLES. GARDEN FRAMES „&, VARIETY. The BEST and CHEAPEST in the -MARKET. Write for Lists. No. 77. BORDER FRAME. 6 ft. by 4 ft. £1 15 0 9 ft. by i ft. 2 7 6 12 ft. by 4 ft. 3 0 0 Carriage Paid on Orders of 40s. value. CATALOGUES of nil our Manufactures, including HOR- TICULTURAL BUILDINGS, FRAMES, BOILERS, IRON BUILDINGS, STABLING, KENNELS, POULTRY, and GAR- DEN APPLIANCES. Free. BOULTON & PAUL GLASS I CHEAP GLASS I In Stock Sizes. ,,„ .„ .„,, - ..(12X10,18X12,18X14,24X14 16-oz..per 100 ft.. 8*. &M i4xi2, 20x12. 18X16.24X16 Zl-oz., ,, lls-3a- ( 16x12, 16x14,20x16, 24x18, fcc. 1£ X 3 Prepared Sash Bar at 5s. per 100 feet. Paints and Varnishes at Low Prices. Flooring, 5/9 per square ; Matching, 4/9 ; 2 X 4, at id. per foot run ; 2 X 7 at Id. Horticultural Work of all descriptions. Ironmongery, & ARDENER (IJNDER).-Age 17; used to VJ General Work of Flower and Kitchen Garden -A GREEN. Tanyard Houses, Wisborough Green, Billingsh'urst Sussex. ° ol' ARDENER (Under).— Age 237g^od~Mme~- >" nence Inside and Out. Five years' experience. One arid a half years character last situation. Abstainer. Now disenn-.^H — E. HARRIS, Ashow near Kenilworth, Warwickshire" GARDENER (Under, or Single^L^dT —Age 23 ; six years' experience. Good references {' PLOWMAN, Blisworth, near Northampton. reIereDce8'-A- G GARDENER (Third, or Single-handed).— Age 23; eight years Inside and Out. Three years' good recommendation. Near London preferred. — A. HUNTLEY, 15, Prince's Road, Kingston-on-Thames. ROSE GROWER.— Inside or Out, either for Exhibition or otherwise. Has been twelve years Rose Foreman to Messrs. Jno. Jefferies & Son, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester.— A. CONEY, 43, WatermoorRoad, Cirencester. ROSE GROWER, or PROPAGATOR of Hardy Trees, Shrubs, Coniferse, Clematis, &c. Has been twelve years Foreman to Mr. Prince, Oxford, and under- stands Seedling Briar and all other Rose Stocks.— S. C. LEY, Longworth. Faringdon, Berks. PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Pot and Cut Plants, Bouvardias, Ferns, Palms, &c, Cucumrer, Tomatos, &c. Many years in Market Nurseries. — F. SPARY, 15, Pentlow Street, Putney, S.W. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— Fifteen years' practical experience Inside arid Out. Good Grafter and Budder.— FOREMAN, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— Age 29, married. Well up in Carnations, Roses, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and all Choice Flowers, for Market. Life experience ; good character; abstainer. — A. JOHNSON, Swanhurst, Mill Road, Hampton Hill, S.W. FOREMAN PROPAGATOR or GROWER. —Age 33; married; well up in Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Mushrooms, Strawberries, and the general pot and cut market stuff. Good experience in putting u\> new glass and hot water; disengaged when suited; lifetime ex- perience in the trade; good character.— F. ARCHER, 90, Gibson Buildings, Stoke Newington. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— Twenty- five years' practical experience in the Cultivation of Plants and Cut Flowers, Wreath-, &c. Good Salesman. — G. PESTRIDGE, 5, Beale Street, Lower Edmonton. FOREMAN (Working).— Understands Grow- ing Roses, Fruit Trees, and General Nursery Stuff. Good Budder and Grafter. Six years' good character. — BAKER, Stanmore Gardens. Stanmore, Middlesex. FOREMAN (Inside).— Age 27; ten years' experience in Plant and Fruit-houses. Good references. —GEO. THOMPSON, Park Gatehouse, Westwell, Ashford, Kent. FOREMAN or PROPAGATOR. — Age 28 ; well up in all Market Plants, Palms, Ferns, and Cut Flowers. Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Forcing Bulbs, &c. — S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington St., Strand. W.C. FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good establishment.— Age 25; excellent references.— J. FRANCIS, Church Street, Madeley, near Salop. FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 28 ; English. Practical experience in all branches. Mr. F. BEDFORD recommends his late Foreman, Alfred Wood, as above, to anyone requiring a thorough good man.-Straffan House Gardens, Straffan Station, co. Kildare, Ireland. JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good private Establishment.— Age 24. Six years' practical experience in three places, and four years previous in good gardens. — H.ttilLLS. Hartwell Garden. Hartfield, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— A young man (age 21), seeks a situation aa above. Six years' experience both Inside and Out, with good character — JOURNEYMAN, Mr. Witt, Bickton. Fordingbridge, Hants. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age20; three years in last situation. Good character Bothy or otherwise.— W. AWKER, -11, Mayfield Tee., Harro^ gate, Yorks. JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— Age 23 ; eight years' thorough good practical experience. First-class references. — H. S., Kingswood Gardens, Euglefield Green, Eglmm, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN (Inside) ; age >2± — Mr. Selpen, Gardener to Sir Guy Campbell, Bart., Coombe Cottage. Kingston-on-Tbames, wishes to recommend C. Good- child, who has been with him nearly two and a half years Inside. Bothy preferred. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; four years' experience. Good character. — H. BATES, The Gardens, Beoingbrough Hall, York. JOURNEYMAN, or GARDENER (Under), Inside, or Inside and Out. — Age 19; four years* expe- rience. Four years' good character. — G. HENLEY, Sayeis Common, Hassocks, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 20 ; three years in last place. First-class references and good character. Bothy not objected to.— BROWN, Brooklyn Villa, Merchland Road, New Eltham, Kent. JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Inside and Out.— Age 21 ; good experience. Highly recommended.— A., Mrs. Lee, Ash well, Ilmiuster, Somerset. JOURNEYMAN (First). — Age 23; eight years' experience in first-class Gardens. Well recom- mended.—C. S., Gardeners' Chronic'.e Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. KNIFEMAN (Experienced), wants employ- ment. Twelve years' experience. Good references. Would take Budding by contract or otherwise.— F. S., 3, Brunswick Road, West Worthing, Sussex. IMPROVER.— Situation~wanted for a well- educated Youth, age 17. Good references. Bothy pre- ferred.—KINGHAM, The Firs, Woodford Green, E. IMPROVER. Situation wanted in a Gentle- man's Garden as above. Age 17 ; three vears' experience Inside and Out— H. Stacet, The Gardens, Mougewell, Wallingford, Berks. TMPROVER.— By a Youth, age 16; three X years* experience, In and Outdoors. Can be highly recommended. Bothy preferred.— J. SIMMONS, Hampton Lodge, Stourton, Stourbridge. 'X'O GARDENERS. - Mr. Lyddiard, Head J- Gardener, Kidbrooke Lodge, Blackheath, will be pleased to recommend a man for Kitchen Garden or Pleasure Grounds. Age 29, married. rrO GARDENERS.— Situation wanted by a J- young man (age 20) in a Gentleman's Garden. Inside or Out. Good character.— A. BOOKER, The Gardens, Coombe Cottage, Kingston-on-Thames. yO GARDENERS.— Mr. Selden, Gardener -L to Sir Guy Campbell, Bart., wishes to recommend J. Shore to any Gardener requiring the services of a young man (age 21) for General Outside Work. Bothy preferred. TO GARDENERS, Sc. — Lad, nearly 17, strong and willing, desires a situation in a Garden or Nursery, Inside or Out. No experience.— E. A., Mr. Staines, Ringwould, rear Dover. rpO GARDENERS, &c— Situation wanted, -L by a Lad, age 18, to Assist in the Houses, in a Nurt-ery, or Gentleman's Garden. Two and a half years' reference.— T. ELCOME, 12, New Street, Three Bridges, Sussex. rVO GARDENERS.— Wanted, by a young J~ man, in his 19th year, a situation in a Gentleman's Garden. Good knowledge of Lawn and Kitchen Garden, Bothy, or otherwise. Four years' experience.— H. MOLES, Stanbury, Beading, rVO GARDENERS.— A young man (age 24) J- seeks a situation in the Gardea; ten years' experience. Inside and Out. Good character.- Hamdeu, near Ilmiuster, Somerset. years experience, J. TULK, Norton-sub- rP0 NURSERYMEN, &c— Situation wanted. -L —Age 23. Experience in Grapes, Strawberries, Tomatos, Roses, Carnations, Chrysanthemums, and General Cut Flowers, Bedding Plants, &c, Market or Retail.— W., 12, Sunningdale Cottages, Lower Edmonton. TX) NURSERYMEN and OTHERS. — X Situation wanted by a young man (age 28). Used to Vines, Roses, &c. Twelve years good reference.— H. BRIDGES, Powick, Worcester. 'T'O NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted in a X. Market Nursery (age 23). Used to the Trade.— Stite wages, &c, to E. B., 53, Taunton Road, Lee, S.E. TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, a situation in Market Nursery, u?ed to Ferns, Ro^e*. Carnations, Bouvardias, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and the general routine of the Trade.— S. H., 45, St. James Street, Brighton. TO SEED MERCHANTS, NURSERYMEN, &c— Advertiser is open to represent a first-class Firm in the West Midland Counties, to attend Markets and Stock Sales, where he has a valuable Connection, and Life Experi- ence in the Business. Highest references. Terms. Salary, Commission, and some Expenses.— GEORGE FISHER, Mile End Terrace, Bromyard Roud, Worcester. COWMAN, or ODD MAN.— Age 29, single ; willing to assist in Garden, and be useful.— HARRIS DUFFIN, Totteridge House, Totteridge, Herts. CLERK (Nursery Trade).— Can be well recommended by present employers. — For particulars address J. H. J., Dicksons Nurseries, Chester. COLLECTOR of RENTS in the Country.— Age 33 years ; fourteen years' character. Highest re- ferences; security if necessary.— X. O., Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. TO FLORISTS OR OTHERS.— Advertiser seeks Situaton in a Florist's Nursery or Private Place, understand!* Growing R'ses, Carnation^, Pelargoniums, Fern and other Flowers for Market or Private purposes. State Wages.— KIMPTON, Clconawin, Elween's Road, Richmond, Surrey. TO FLORISTS, &c— A young Lady seeks re-engagement in Florist's, or Florist. Fruiterer, and Seedsman's. Quick and well up in all branche'.— S. A., Gar deners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. THE MESSAGE OF PEACE is always appreciated and respected by all true men, for many of us hope that the time is not far distant when it may be universally adopted by all nations. When this comes to pass, happiness and prosperity will b* the rule and not the exception. In the meantime Hollo way '3 Pills and Ointment have largely helped to make Foreign nations understand that Englishmen delight in alleviating pain and suffering. These wonderful remedies have been blessed in many lands for the relief they have afforded and the cures performed. They are specially adapted for all complaints affecting the liver, stomach, and kid- neys, and at this season no family should be without a supply. 112 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [July 22, 1893. FOSTER & PEARSON, Lmtd., 22a «J ™P BEESTON, NOTTS. mEtfi/ FRAMES SHOULD BE IN EVERY GARDEN. IMPROVED SPAN FRAMES. The Lights are held open for Ventilation or Watering without props, and can readily be removed if neoessary. Top Ventilation by Lantern. PLEASE SEND FOR PRICE LISTS. HUNDREDS SOLD. ESTIMATES FOR Vineries, Orchid Houses, Peach Cases, Plant Houses, Frames, &c, ON APPLICATION. ONLY THOROUGHLY SEASONED TIMBER and BEST WORKMANSHIP EMPLOYED, thus Ensubing DURABILITY & REAL ECONOMY. GREAT REDUCTION in FRAMES OUR WELL-KNOWN MAKE. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. These Frames are made of the Best Materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Sixes and Prices, Glazed and Painted. £ s. d. 6 feet long, 3 feet wide\ 6 feet 12 feet 6 feet 12 feet 12 feet R. 4 feat 4 feet 5 feet 6 feet 6 feet CASH PRICES, CARRIAGE PAID. Larger sizes at proportionate pricoi. HALLIDAY & CO., ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. London A gent, Mr. H.Skelton, Seedsman, &c. 2. HollowavRd.,N. PICTTJRESaOE NATURALISTIC ROCK FORMATION, FOIt WINTER GARDENS AND FERNERIES WATERFALLS. ■?« STREAMS, .oC^Ci^/^^ VASES, FOUNTAINS, K E R B I N G. BALUSTRADES. TERRACES, &c. in Stone-like and Rfd TERRA COTTA. Durability Guaranteed. [. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoyes, Greenhouses, Peach Houees, Forcing Houses, &o.» constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot bo equalled. We only do one class erf work, aDd that THK VERT BEST. Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of anyone out of our firm, from the smallest to the largest. HOt-Water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hot Bed Boxes, &c, always in stock. Plans, Estimates, and Catalogues Free. Customers united on in any part cf the Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been— MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. SANKEYS famous GARDEN POTS * Bulwell Potteries, Notting hc\m. **:. Me3srs. Dlcksona, Limited, Chester, write:—" The Flower Pots you have so largely supplied us with are light, strong and well made, aDd in every respect highly satisfactory." Messrs. Richard Smith & CO., Worcester, write :— " We beg to Bay that we are highly satisfied with your ' Garden Pots ; ' they are well made, light, yet Btrong, and we like them better than any other we have ever used." Mr. William Bull, 636. King's Road, Chelsea, London, writes:— "For nearly thirty years I have been using your ' Garden Pou,' and still find them the best and cheapest." Largest Manufacturers in the World. No Waiting. Millions in Stock. Carriage and Breakage Free on £10 Orders. Half Carriage on £5 Orders. Samples Free. Editorial communications Bhould be addressed to the " Editor; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed for the Proprietors by Messrs. Bradbuby, Aqnew, & Co. (Limited), Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by ARTHUR GEORQE Martim, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, July 22, 1893. Aa«H for Manchester— Johk Heywood. No. 344.— Vol. XIV. Third Series. SATURDAY, JULY 29, 1893. Regt. as a Newspaper. j PRICE 3d* WITH SUPPLEMENT.! POST-FREE, 3$d. CONTENTS. Anemonopsis macro- phvlla 132 Anhitectsandlaudscap.- gardening 1.10 Books, notices of — Dictionnaire Pratique d'Horticulture ... 130 .lotinaou's Gardeners' Dictionary 13) L' Horticulture Fran- caise ISO The Journal of Myco- logy 129 VorUiufige Nuehrirht vou Eioigen das (ie- (•chlechtoer Prlnnzen hetreffenden V rsu- chen und Beobach- tuugeu l^ii Botany und art 137 Cape, the (lower trade of the 129 Tarnations U9 Cat I leya Leopold i , an unusual,,. 130 Cereidiphyllum japotii- cum 137 Cherkley Court, tire at... 131 < hicago Exhibition ... llfl Cliv»-ia mii,iata var. Misa Alice Rod-gas 13 Cottage ami allotment gardening ]fi Cucumber diseases ... 137 Fruit, and the weather li!0 Fruit crops of 1893, re- marts on the 122 Fruit register 13i HypM-knim Mose ianum lHtJ J<4pnn, art'^tic gardens in 130 Kew ni»tes; — Rhododendron Smir- no»ii 120 ,, Ungprnii ... 120 Lady gardeners 131 Lhw notes I'M Light and animal co'ora- Liou 137 128 Meehan, Profts.--or Obituary — P.thers, J 137 Seward. Ebenezt-r ... 137 Olmsted, LL D., F. Lane ll9 Orchid notes and gleanings — Kpideudrum putilluni 1 i\ Ltelia monophylla ... 1 ^1 stunhopea aaccata ... 121 St;mtiopea inodora ... 131 Paint, weather-proof ... 130 Phloxes at Chiswick ... 121 Plants, new or noteworihy — Didymocarpiu larunota 120 lhpladenia eximii ... 120 Lilium Lowii ... ... 1_'0 Polygonum Saehalinense as fodder 13J Riilway rates for fruit 128 , Societies— Bristol Carnation and Picjtee 135 Devon and Exeter Gar- deners' Association 134 Edinburgh Butairc ... 129 Gardening and For- estry Exhibition ... 136 Midhnd Counties Car- nation autl Picotee 13 5 Newcistle- on - Tyne Horticultural ... I3l Oxford Carnation atid Picotee 131 Royal Horticultural ... 133 Summer-pruning of fru t trees 131 Tomato. Dunedin Fa- vourite 13J Trai eller'a notes, a ... 132 Tring Park 1 ,\ Week's work, the— Flower garden, the ... 127 Fruits under glass ... 127 Hardy fruit garden ... 12ri Kitchen garden, the ... 127 Orchid- houses, the ... 12rt Plants under glass ... 127 ILLUSTRATIONS. Dendrobium densitlorum 123 l.i I ■ urn Lowii 121 V.ew in the grounds at Tring Park (See Supplementary Illustration) 137 'GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.' LARGELY INCREASED CIRCULATION. Important to Advertisers. — The Publisher has the satisfaction of announcing that the circulation of the" Gardeners' Chronicle" has, since the reduction in the price of the paper, Increased to the extent of 75 per cent. Advertisers are reminded that the "Chronicle" circulates among country gentlemen and ALL CLASSES OF GARDENERS AND GARDEN- lovebs at home and abroad, and is preserved for reference in all the principal Libraries. NEW STRAWBERRIES, Gunton Park and Lord Suffield, raided by his Lordship's gardener. Mr. Allen. Both received First-class Certificates, and are con- sidered the most valuable kinds sent out for years. Fine established plants, in pots, 40s. per 100 ; ?s. per doz. Runners, 30*. per 100 ; 4s. per cozen. Now Ready. H. CANNELL and SONS. Swanley, Kent. DAFFODILS for the MILLION.— Hartland's famous Irish-grown Bulbs now harvested. "Little Book," with exceedingly low prices post-free.— HARTLAND, F R.H.S., Seedsman, Cork, Ireland. (Established, 1810). SUTTON'S EARLY ROMAN HYACINTHS. Fine Lsrge Matured Bulbs. NOW READY FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY. Customers are respectfully reminded that owing to the yearly increasing demand, orders should be sent early to prevent disappointment. SUTTONS' BULUS GENUINE ONLY DIREOT FKOM SUTTON and SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING. rFO SAVE MONEY place your orders -L ROMAN HYACINTHS, first size, 10s. «d. i now. — per I""; Poeticus ornatns, early pheasant eye, 3s. 9d, per IU0; Camper- nelle Jonquils, '.is. per 100, for not less than 100. Trade Price on applicition.— WALsHaW and SON, ScarborouRh. T OVELb' YORKSHIRE STRAWBERRIES. l^J —Rooted RunnerB : Noble, Thury, Paxton, President, and others, rjJ. per 1U >. Sample dozen, \s. Descriptive LIST free. W. LOVEL and SON, Strawoerry Growers, Driffield. Important to Mushroom Growers. CUTHBERT'S SPEClALITE MUSHROOM SPAWN. Always alike ; moit productive. Hundreds of testimonials. Per bushel, 5s. R. AND G. CITTHBERT. Seed. Bulb, and Plant Merchants, Southgite. N. Established 17»7. BARR'S BULBS. — Autumn and >Yinter- FloweRING.- LISTS NOW READY of Beautiful Crocus species. Autumn and Winter - flowering, Autumn Meadow Saffroos, Cyclamen, Guernsey and Belladonna Lilies, White Roman Hyacinths, and other Bulbs for Early Planting. lURR'S DAFFODIL CATALOGUE ready in August. BARR'S GENERAL BULB CATALOGUE ready Sept. I. BARR AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. E~ UCHARIS AMAZONICA.— Large quantity of the above. Three large- flowering bulbs, in 6-imh pots, established, from an importation received in the soring, 3rts. per dozen — G. I1ETHELL, Whiteley's Nurseries, Hilliog- don Heath, Uxbridge. MESSRS. HERD BROS, beg to intimate that their fine Collection oE BORDER CARNATIONS a.e NOW IN BLOOM. Intending purchasers can have a box of named bloom* aud special prices on application. Victoria and Castle Nurseries, Penrith. 1 00 DflO FREESIA REF. ALBA— Pure X \yV/«) \J\J\J -white, sweet-scented. Easy to grow, grand for cutting. 18$. to 26s. per 1000. '.is. «d. per 100. carriage paid ; 50i)0 Amaryllis in sorts, line large bulbs, sure to i-lease, 10s. per dozen. Money returned if not approved. 5000 Nerines, in three sorts, 30f. per 100. 4s. per dozen ; 10,000 Pancratiums, in all the best sorts, from 25*. per 10'>, 4s. per dozen. J. JAMES. New Maiden, Surrey. Hyacinths, Tulipa, Crocus, Lilies, &c. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem, • Holland. Wholesale CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to— MessrP. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens, Crushed Friars, E.C. N.B.— Many new, rare, and interesting plants and bulbs will be found in this Catalogue. FIELDER'S WHITE AZALEA, strong stuff, in 48's. 12s. per dozen ; ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. in 48's and 24'e, fine stuff, fit for slock, 6s. and %s. per Oozen. Special offer to the trade. JOHNSON and CO., The Nurseries. Hampton. Aflft (\C\C\ DRUMHEAD SAVOY and iW^UUu Aigburth BRUSSELS SPROUTS. 5s. rer 1001; 5000 at 4s 6d., 10,000 and over at 4*. per 1000, really short and stiff plants. BROCCOLI, 5s. per 1000. CELuK l , Clayworth Pride, 6s. per 1000 ; only a few thousands. Ca»h with Order. (Name paper.) G. YORKE. Plantist, Retford. WANTED, 'JHOUSAND-HEADED CAB- BAGES. Send price per thousand to J. CHEAL & SONS, Nurseries, Crawley. WANTED, CALLA PENTLAND1I and CALLA ELLIOTTIANA.— State size and lowest price. F. SANDER & CO., St. Albans. V SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP— Thousands to select from. Write for List, free.— P. McARTHUR, The London Nursery, 4, Maidd Vale. London, W. To the Trade. HYDRANGEA PAN1CULATA GRANDI- FLORA, in bloom, fine for decoration, 18s., 24s , and 3is. per do/en. Free to London for cash with order. EDWD. SAWYER, Hyde Nursery, Lower Edmonton. ORCHIDS. — Many rare and choice Cattleyas, Cyp'ipediums, Dendrobiums, Odontoglossoms, &c, always in stock. Inspection invited. Please write for LIST. W. L. LEWIS AN1> CO., F.R.H.S.. Chase Side, Southgute, London. N. To the Trade. RAPESEED and AGRICULTURAL WHITE MUSTARD. Hand F. SHARPE have to offer tine • samples of RAPESEED and WHITE MUSTARD, suitable fir Field Culture. Special quotations and samples on application. SEED GROWING ESTABLISHMENT. WISBECH. The Bent Present for a Gardener. INES AND VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. Third Edition just out. Price 5s., post free. 5s. 6d. A. F, BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. To the Trade. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— When you are in London, it will be well worth your time to pay a visit to Albert Nurseries, Peckham Rye, S.E. ; or Fleet, Hants. You can make your notes, and have a business look round, combined with an outing ; you will not be worried to order. E. D. SHUTTLEWORTH and CO., Ltd. Awarded Silver-gilt Flora Medal by the Royal Horticultural Society; also Gold, Silver-gilt, Silver, and Bronze Medals, Prizes, and Certificates at other First-class Shows. Our specialty — really good stuff grown for the Trade. Palms. SPECIAL OFFER of KENTIAS, io 60's pots, grand stuff, re. NOBILE SANDERIANUM. „ LEICHIAKUM. CCELOGYNE SANDEB.-'E. PAXUMBINA CANDIDA. ONCIDIUM GRAVESIANUM. tic. On view morning of Sale, and catalogues had. Cryptoprocta ferox. MESSRS. PROTHEKOE and MORRIS will include in their GREAT ORCHID SA LE, which will be held in their Koomi, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C , on FRIDAY, the 4th of August next, at half -past 12 o'Clcck precisely, two young so-called TREE LIONS, from Madagascar, these animals are of great interest and much has been written about them. Langley, near Slough. About 1 mile from Langlev Station. CLEARANCE SALE of PLANTS, many of which have been successfully exhibited, by order of K. W. Mann, Esq., who has let the Residence. MESSRS. PHOT IIEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Langley Broom, Langley, near Slough, on WEDNESDAY, August 9, at one o'Clock, without Reserve, the whole of the well-grown STOVE and GREEKHOUSE PLANTS including trained spe- cimen Pelargoniums, show varieties, and fine plants of Cycla- men persicum. which have been exhih ted at the Crystal Palace and Botmic Gardens, and have taken many prizes; choice Ferns, including specimen Davallias, Gymnogramnias, and Microlepias; Crotons, and Orchids, Palms, Arum Lilies, and many others. On view day prior and morning of Sale. Catalogues may be had of Mr. Phillips, Head Gardener, on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E C. Worth Fincfaley, N. Adjoining the main North Road, and about five minutes' walk from Woodside PmtIi Station. IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of PLANTS. Three Horw, Two Market Vans, &c. \f ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are IVL instructed by Mrs Weatherill to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Woodside Nursery, North Finch ley, N , on TUESDAY, August 1, at 12 o'Clock precisely, in consequence of the large number of lots, entirely without reserve, 6U00 CALLAS, strong plants; 1900 GENISTA FRAGRANS, cut tack; 500 PELARGONIUMS MADAME KCEN1G, the best white; 1500 PELARGONIUMS, in variety ; 2500 TEA ROSES in pots, many of them extra fine; 301 KOiES GENERAL JACQUEMINOT, 1000 FAIRY HOSES, 9 0) CHRYSAN- THEMUMS, best market sorts; 50) IVY-LEAF GERA- NIUMS, 4000 LILIUM CANDIDUM in pots, 500 LIL1UM SPECIOSUM ALBUM, 5700 MAIDENHAIR FERNS. 300 ASPIDISTRAS, 280 large CAMELLIAS and AZALEAS, in- cluding twenty-five specimen AZ \LEA INDICA ALBA, 4 feet by 4 feet, and thirty others, 4 feet by 3 feet, and large plants in 16 and 24 - pots. PEAT, STAKES. WATER - 1 UBS, BARROWS, and FLOWER-POTS. Also. Two capital four- wheel Spring Market VANS, two Tumbril CARrS, small VAN, well bred MARE and FOAL, one bdy COLT, and one black HORSE. May be viewed three days prior to the Sale. Catalogues can be obtained on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, Estate Agents, and Valuers, 67 & 68, Cheapside. London, E C. Hastings. IMPORTANT TO EXHIBITORS AND FURNISHERS. CLEARANCE SALE of SPECIMEN EXHIBITION PLANTS, remarkably well-grown and in the finest possible condition for the forthcoming Flower Shows. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. E. C. Gilb-rt to SELL by AUCTION on the premise), Springfield Nursery, Hasting*, on WEDNESDAY. August 2, at 1 o'clock punctually, the who'e of his choice and well-grown EXHIBITION SPECIMEN PLANTS, including noble examples of Kentias, Chamterop', Brayhia, Crotous of sorts symmetric illy formed and of the brightest colours, noble Tree Ferns. Dicksouias, Alsophilla australis, Microlepia ex»il(ata, Ptens umVo^a, Adiautums of sorts, a beautiful specimen of Gym nog ram run Wettenhalliana, Exhibition Flowering Plants, amongst winch may be men- tioned Allamanda grandiflora, &c, Dipladenias of sorts, Vallota purpurea, Stephanotis. Rondeletia, grand plants of Lapageria alba and rosea, Statice Gilberti, Autumn-flowering Ericas of sorts, &c. May be viewed any day prior to the sale. Catalogues had on the premises and of the Auctioneers, 67 & 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. N.B.— Cheap trains run from London every day. Elm, Cambridgeshire. VALUABLE ORCHARD LVND FOR SALE. MESSRS. MAXEY and SON have received instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at the " Whits Hart " Hotel, in Wisbech, ou THURSDAY, August 3. 18 -3, at 7 o'Clock in the evening precisely, a very valuable ORCHARD and FRUIT GARDFN. situate in the village of Elm, about 2 miles from the Market Town of Wisbech, and in the midst of one of the finest fruit-growing districts in that neighbour- hood. The property comprises in all 28 a. Or. 36 p. of extremely valuable land (the soil being of the richest quality, and especially adapted for the cultivation of Strawberries), together with a commodious brick and thatched Farmhouse, with large Barn, Granary, Stables, and other outbuildings. Possession will be given at Michaelmas next. Particulars, Plans, and Conditions of Sale can be obtained on application to the Auctioneers, South Brink Place. Wisbech ; or to BOT3FORD and KING, Solicitors, 10, Market Street, Wisbech. w ANTED, a SMALL NURSERY, with Dwelling-House, suitable for local Jobbing Trade. A. M.. 35, Tollington Park, N. ADVERTISER seeks opening in Market Nur- sery, where he could INVEST £100 to £150 in a geuuiue concern. Thoroughly experienced. Highest references. Full particulars to M. C , Gardeners' C/iroiicle Office, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. COUTH COAST.— Situate in the best position O of an important seaside resort. TO BE SOLD, a bargain, a first-class FLORISTS' BUSINESS, with a turnover of over £6000 per annum. Price for the whole as a going concern, £1500, but a reasonable offer would not be refused. Held ou lease at £170 a year, £15 of which is let r.ff. Full particulars of PROTHEROE AMD. WORMS. Auctioneers. 6? and 68, Cheapside, E.C. Fo'.io S046. To Nurserymen, Investors, and otters. FOR SALE, by Private Treaty, the Stock, Greenhouses, Pits, &c, togelher with the Goodwill of a NURSERY BUSINESS established more than half h century, situated about a mile from a thriving town in the Midlands. The Nurseries are about 23 acres in extent, and are well stocked. There are also 8 Greenhouses. Forcing Pits, Sheds and Office", including an excellent & ornate Residence. Long Lea*e, &c. The whole presents an opportunity rarely met with in the Nursery Business. For particulars apply by letter, to X., Messrs. C.J. Corkran & Co.,1:3a, King's Road, Chelsei, S.W. FOR SALE, a FREEHOLD NURSERY, situated in the west end of one of the most fashionab'e seaside resorts in England Oouth Coast), containing 5 Hou-.es . well heated and modern built. Incoming for Freehold, &c, £1500. — Address for particulars to THOMAS, Gardeners' Ch. onicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. rFO BE SOLD, a FREEHOLD MARKKT -L NURSERY, 420 feet of Glass-houses, and about 70 feet Frames, nil heated, standing in two Acres of land, and capable o. great extension. Near ttation for London or the North. S. W, DANBY, Leagrave. near Luton, Beds. l^OR SALE, a good and extensive SEED i- BUSINESS (Farm, Vegetable, and Flower). Returns. £5000 p;r annum, with good profits. Satisfactory reasous for selliog. — Apply to B., fiuessre. Hurst & Son, 152, Houodsditch London, E.C. GENUINE Old-established FLORIST'8 BUSINESS FOR SALE, main thoroughfare, good con- nection, good six-rocmed House, Stable, &c„ seven Green- houses, excellent stock of Plants suitable for Cue Flower Trade, growing crops of Grapes and Tomatos. Having take i another concern, would sell cheap.— WILSON, 149, Markhouae Road, Walthamstow, E. 0~LD ESTABLISHED FLORIST BUSI- NESS for immediate disposal. No reasonable offer refused. — A. K., Gardentrs' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. FOR SALE, a NURSERY and JOBBING BUSINESS ; 800 feet of Glass, well-stocked Cottage, uu I Stabling. All Home Trade. Established 20 years. AU at £300, or offer.— S„ 122, Malham Road, Forest Hill, S.6. FOR SALE, long LEASE, over 30 years, NURSERY and JOBBING BUSINESS. 4 Greenhouse, (heated) and Pits; 2 Cottages, 70 feet frontage by 250 feet deep. Well stocked. — Apply J. H., Park Nursery, Ealiug, Middlesex. FOR DISPOSAL, Genuine Old-established SEED BUSINESS, situate in mnin thoroughfare of one of the best Market Towns in the Midlands. Present Turnover about £501). Spleudid opportunity for young Man starting Business. Total incoming from £150 to £i(J0. No Book D^btn to take to. Satisfactory reasous for Disposal. — S. S.. Gar- deners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. LARGE GARDEN, South of England, 16 acres, two Cottages, twentv large Green and Vine Houses, and Heated. Low rent.— ELDRIDUE, Portland Club. Southsea. Tottenriam.-To Nurserymen and Florists. HPO BE LET, a NURSERY, consisting of JL four Greenhouses, three Heated by Hot-water, capital Houts, 4t, per 100 ; 355. per 10 10. Cash with order. G. ADCOCK, Florist, Rokehy Road. Brockley, S.E. LAXTON'S STRAWBERRIES THE BEST. — Excellent plants, in pots, for forcing and open ground, Runners ready at once of Noble, Vicomtesse, Ruskin, Nicaise. British Queen, President, Commander, Competitor, Jas. Veitch, Keen's Sucree, Latest of All, Marguerite, Pnxton. Waterloo, Sensation (new '92), and the grand new "Royal Sovereign" (three certificates), an earlier, richer flavoured, and improved Sir J. Paxton. Handsome coloured plate fid. (gratis to cus- tomers). Full Descriptive Priced T 1st free from — THOMAS LAXTON, Strawberry Plant Grower, BEDFORD. NEW CARNATION (EMPRESS of INDIA). — A grand new, bright Scarlet Carnation, of very v:girous growth, quite hardy, having stood out in the open ah last winter, very free bloomer, mauy plants carrying now from 60 to 80 blooms and buds of immense size and bnl- liaut colour, none of which burst. This variety is acknow- ledged by all who have seen it to be the very best (or market purposes. Strong plants in pats, 3s. each; 36s. per dozen. Ready in September. Apply to J. COBBAN and SON, Nurserymen, Florists, 4c„ Rotherham. BULBS. — Our special offer of Daffodils, and other Bulbs for early planting, is now ready. Lilium (Hndidum, 10s. and 12.t, per 100 ; Lilium Harrisii, bs. to 10s. £d. per dozen ; Roman Hyacinths, 12*. 6d. and IPs. per 100, very scarce; Narcissus (paper-white). 5s. per 100; Narcissus Double Roman. 5s. per MO; Gladiolus Colvilli (The Bride), lovely for cutting. 2s. fid per 100; Iris hispanica (the poor man's Orchid), finest mixed, Is. Gd. per 100. Every article the best procurable. J. R. PEARSON AND SONS, Chihvell Nurseries. Notts. NEW IMPORTATION OF ORCHIDS From BRAZIL and BORNEO. Particulars Post-free on Application. Inspection Invited. A. H. GRIMSDITCH, Importer, 5. CLAYTON SQUARE, LIVERPOOL. DANIELS' DEFIANCE. The Finest Variety of Cibbage in Cultivation. It is early, short-legged, and compact, grows rapidly to the weight of 10 to 15 lb., and is of the most delicious Marrow flavour. Should be in every Garden. Sow now. Seed, our true stock, with cultural directions, per ounce, Is. fid., post free. DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers and Nurserymen, Norwich DANIELS' GOLDEN ROCCA ONION. The most superb variety in cultivation ; of fine globular form, with golden yellow skin; often grows to the weight of 2 to 3 lb. each, and of a mild, delicate flavour. Splendid for exhibition. Sow now. Seed, with cultural directions, per ounce. 2s., post-free. DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers and Nurserymen, Norwich. A LL GOODS DELIVERED FREE jTX on board, London, Antwerp, Rotterdam. £ s. d. LILIUM HARRISII, 5— 7 in. circ, per 1000 bulbs .650 1— 9 '■> 11 10 0 i. .. 9—11 >n. „ „ 22 10 0 AURATUM, 7— 9 in 8 7 6 9-11 in ii io o TUBEROSES, Pearl, select 4— 6J in. „ „ ... 1 10 0 „ ,, seconds, 3 — 4 in, „ ,, ... 1 2 6 Prices for GLADIOLUS, &c, on application. F. W. O. SCHMITZ AND CO., Jersey City, N.J., U.S.A. EARL'S COURT EXHIBITION. Exhibition of GARDENING 1 FORESTRY THE GARDEN of LONDON. AUGUST 9 & 10— GREAT SHOW FLOWERING AND FOLIAGE PLANTS, HARDY FLOWERS, & FRUIT. Classes (Open and Amateur) for Collections of Hardy Flowers, arranged for effect, &c. Meritorious Exhibits not named in the Schedule will be recognised. Prizes, Medals, and Certificates awarded for every Show. All applications for entries, schedules, regulations, and fur- ther information should be addressed to Mr. K. E. Milner. the Chairman, at the Offices of the Exhibition, Earl's Court, S.W. ADMISSION to the Exhibition Building, Flower Show, ana the Central and Westfrn Gardens, and to one of 2000 free seats at Captain Boyton's World's Water Show, Is. OPEN DAILY, from 11 a.m. to 11 i>.m. Season Tickets £1 Is., To be obtained from the usual Agents and the Secretary. NOTHING NOTHING is too small. is too much trouble. The Trade Supplied. D. SHUTTLEWORTH # CO., Ltd., (Albert Nurseries) PECKHAM RYE, LONDON, 8.E., and FLEET, HANTP. PURE WHITE, EARLY ROMAN HYACINTHS, FOR FORCING PURPOSES. Our First Consignment is dow to hand, in excelbnt condition, DIGKSONS and Importers, CH ESTER. FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow Them, apply toS ANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of OrchidBin the World.— 30 minutes from St. Pancras. Kent : the Garden of England. ROW ONLY the BEST STRAWBERRIES GOLDEN PICOTEES. A most superb novelty in Golden Border Picotees is Lottie Kirlew, now being offered at 3s. each; 30s. per dozen, for September delivery. Usual Discount to the Trade. GEORGE HOLMES, Fruit Grower and Florist, HAXBY ROAD, YORK. G AND CONSULT GEORGE BUNYARD and CO.'S NEW LIST. A Chester Gardener says:— ''In all my Ions expeiience I never had such crops as from your Kent plants." Extra tine plants in little pots and runners ready shoit'y. The Old Nurseries, .Maidstone. FERNS! FERNS ! !— Trade.— Greenhouse and Stove, 25 saleable sorts, in 2J-in. pots, 12*. per 100; 10 best market sorts, in 48's, 6*. per doz.; Btores, 6s. per 100. Large Adiantum enneatum, value in fronds, fis. and 8s. per doz. Cyperus, Aralias, Grevilleas, in 4S's, good value, 6s. per dozen. Palms, Ficus,& Drac#nas,ls.each. Hydrangeas, Pelargoniums, Marguerites, 9i/. each ; in 48's, Is. each. P. tremula and A. cuneatum, for making large plants quickly, 16s. and 20s. per 100, well packed, put on rail free for cash with order. — J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries. Loughboro' Junction. London, S.W. Ferns Cheap. QTOVE and GREENHOUSE. — 50 varieties, KJ in 2$-inch pots, 12s. per 100 ; be-t Market sorts, in 48's, 6*. per dozen; stores, 6s. per 100. Adiantum cuneatum. in 32"b, valuable for fronds, 6a. and 8s. per dozen. Phlebodium aureum and Adiantum cuueatum. for making large plants quickly, 16s. and 20s. per 100. Well packed, put on rail, free lor cash with order. G. BETHELL, Whiteley'a Nurseries, Hillingdon Heath, Uxbridge. BULBS — BULBS. — Bargains in Bulbs. — Special Cheap Offer for really good large Flowering Bulbs: — Pancratiums, all best sorts, grand bulbs, ready to burst into flower — P. fragrans, P. caribteum, P. amocuum. P. zeylanicum grandifloru, some bulbs 12 inches round, 18i. to 40s. per 100; 2s. 6rf. to 6s. per dozen. Glorio-a superba, just imported, ibs. per 100, 4s. per dozen. Crinum Kirkii, very large plump bulbs. 50s. per 100, 8s. per dozen ; C. zeylamcum, and C. asiaticum, large white flower, 5s. to 8s. per dozen : extra large, 2j-inch bulb*, 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6d. each. Ammocharis falcata. splendid bu'ta, make tine Pot Plants. 3s. each. Zamias, for Table Plants. Is. each. Amorpbophallus campanulatus, or Stanley's Wash-Tub. flowers 2£ feet a* ross. tis. per dozen. Is. each. B&bianaSi ui ten sorts, 12s. per 100. Ixia?, in sort*. It's, per loo, Freetia, ref. alba, true, 18s. to 2fis. per J0O0. Above is Cheapest Offer ever made fortin-t-class Bulbs. Terms, Cftth with Order. All Ilulbs warranted sound and freshly imported, or money returned. J, jAlfBSi Importer. New Maiden, Surrey. iUTBUSH'S MILL- track MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Everyone can readily grow Mii'li- loom-*, and by using Ibis Spawn will ensure success. All growers speak in high praiAltUN(VlfVN Conservatories, Greenhouses. Vineries, Peach Houses, Stove and Orchid Houses, &c. Also huiter.s, Pipe°, and all Fittings. '( ft f( POTTER'S WIRE-ARMOURED HOSE. Prices of tiOfeet lengths (htted with brass ISozzle, Branch Pipe, Rose, and Jet), ARMOURED. The Fxcelsior Wire-armoured j Hose secures a perfect grip, will not uncoil when cut at any part, stands enormous pressure, ani wears for years. Diam. PRICKS. 5. d. fin. best quality ... 36 3 ,, extra stout quality 43 7 ,, beat quality 45 0 | ,. extra stout quality 52 0 | ,. best quality 52 0 , extra stout quality 60 7 PLAIN. Unkinkable smooth surface Ho*e, will not crack, is made of pure rubber and canvas. Quality guaranted. Diam. PRICES. s. d. -in. specially cheap ... 19 3 ■ ,, best quality ... 21 5 ■ ,, extra stout quality 27 5 ! ,, best quality ... 28 0 extra stout quality 33 0 best quality ... 33 0 extra stout quality 40 10 Carriage paid, and dispatched same day as ordered. Awarded 10 Gold and Silver Medals. Oldest and most reliable house in the trade. Also maker of Ho&e for Delivery, Steam, Fire, Suction, Liquid Manures, &c. Over 3,000.000 feet in use. Catalogues of above and all kinds of Belting, Roofing Felts, Bec, post-free from— A. POTTER, Melbourne Works, Wolverhampton ; and London Works, Reading. Muker to Her Majesty the Queen, and H.R.H The Prince of Wales. GREAT REDUCTION in FRAMES OUR "WELL-KNOWN MAKE. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. These Frames are made of the Best Materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by anyone. Sizes and Prices, Glazed and Painted. £ /2 1-light, 2 „ 3 » 4 ., 0 „ 6 .. 4 ft. by 6ft.. 8 ft. by 6 ft. . 12 ft. by 6 ft.., 16 ft. by 6 ft... 20 ft. by 6 ft. . , 24 ft. by 6 ft. . , CASH PRICES, CARRIAGE PAID. ^7 10 Larger sizes at proportionate pricet. R. HALLIDAY & CO., ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. London -4yn<,Mr.H.SKELTON,SeedBman,&c.,2,HollowayRd.,N. MERRYWEATHERS' high-class GARDEN HOSE. Horticultural Exhibition, 1892. GOLD MEDAL AWARDED TO MERRYWEATHERS FOB Sphincter Grip Hose. Other Makers awarded Bronze Medal only. WRITE FOR GARDEN CATALOGUE. MERRYWEATHERS, 63, Long Acre, London, W.O. MESSENGER & CO. S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus, Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all abjut to bud i, alter or heat Greeti houses. Illustrations of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot-water Pipes, and all appliances for heating. This Catalogue, possesMug hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating, is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical hints on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price, 23. post-free. A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us m various parts of the country ; an inspection of this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best si yle, at prices which defy competition. Surveys made, and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free oa application. MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. London Office :— 163, Palmerston Buildings, Old Broad street, E.C. amous Garden Pots BulweliPotteries, N;otUnghc\m. * Messrs. DlCkaons, Limited, Chester, write :—*' The Flower Pota you have so largely supplied ub with are light, strong and well made, and in every respect highly satisfactory." Messrs. Richard Smith & CO., Worcester, write i— " We beg to say that we are highly Batiafied with your ' Garden Pots ; ' they are well made, light, yet strong, and we like them better than any other we have ever used." Mr. William Bull, 636, King's Road, Chelsea, London, writes;— "For nearly thirty years I have been using your * Garden Pota,' and still find them the best and cheapest." Largest Manufacturers in the World. No Waiting. Millions in Stock, Carriage and Breakage Free on £10 Orders. Half Carriage on £6 Orders. Sample* Free. WORKS of AUTHORITY on BOTANY. LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY. A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students, &o. With 400 Illustrations 8vo, cloth, price bs. 6d. BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. With upward* of 100 Illustrations. Price 3*. 6d. London : BRADBURY, AQNEW, & CO. (Limited), Bouverie Street, B.C. July 29, 1893 ] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 117 THE DROUGHT. GARDEN ENGINES, SYRINGES, WATER FIT TINGS HAYWARD TYLER & GO., 90-92, WHITECROSS STKEET, LONDON, E.C. TELEGRAMS, " TYLEROX. LOXDOX." HORTICULTURAL BUILDER. Every description of GREENHOUSES, LIGHTS, &C. PIT LIGHTS. I CUCUMBER HOUSES. Beet quality and workmanship, 2 inches thick, 6 ft. by 4 ft., Timber sufficient to build 100 feet by 12 feet house, Roof iron bar across, and very strong, 4*. <6d, each, 50s. dor.. £10 for Ventilators. Door, &c. Put on rail in London. Price, BO lights, free on rail in London. Cash or reference with order. | £9 10b. Send for detailed specification, to W. DUNCAN TUCKER, HORTICULTURAL WORKS, TOTTENHAM. Send for Illustrated Catalogue, just issued. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. From THE PUBLISHER, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON, W'.C. Please send me " The Gardeners' Chronicle " for _ commencing ,for which I enclose P.O.O.. . 1893. Months, St Il'ase Note that all Copies Bent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance. ,33 THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months, 15s ; 6 Months, 7s. (d. ; 3 Mooths, 3s. 9d. ; PosMree. ALL FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS, Including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 Months. Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for. P.O.O, to be mide payable at the Post Office, No 42, DRURY LANE, London, to A. G. MARTIN. Cheques fhonld be orossed " DRUMMOND." G. C. Julv 29, 1893. PICTURESQUE NATURALISTIC JAS. BOYD & SONS, HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every description, In either Wood or Iron, or both combined. Wooden Chapels, Shooting Lodges, Tennis Courts, Cottages, Ac, Hot - water Apparatus for warming Buildings of every description. Illustrated Circular t Post- fret. Complete Catalogue, 3s. X&NLS &; ^VttNfcSfa. STOURBRIDGE, For GREENHOUSES and OTHER BUILDINGS. Catalogue and Estimates Free. MERRYWEATHER & SONS have a good Selection of Hand- Worked Fire Engines (new and second-hand), from 4 to 30 men- power — suitable for all kinds of Watering Fruit Gardens, Planta- tions, &c. Write or call, 63, Long Acre, and Greenwich, London, S.E. HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING !!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. Have the largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. BOILERS of the latest and most approved cla9s, including the Patent HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY-END, &c; AWARDED THE ONLY COLD MEDAL & INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION, 1892, m HOT-WATER APPLIANCES. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. PRICE LIST FREE. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E. Telegraphic Address—" HOT- WATER, London." Telephone No. 4763. 118 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 29, 1893. FORCING BULBS. Well Eipened and Heavy Bulbs of ROMAN HYACINTHS EARLY WHITE. PAPER-WHITE NARCISSUS, From 5 inches to 6 inches in circumference. LARGE-FLOW* RING PAPER-WHITE NARCISSUS. DOUBLE ROMAN NARCISSUS, From 5 inches to 6k inches in circumference. LILIUM CANDIDUM PURE WHITE. Extra strong, per 100, 15s. to 20s. LILIUM HARRISII, A'ery fine bulbs, per doz , 7s. 6d. and 12s. Orders now being Booked for Early Delivery. B.S. WILLIAMS &S0N, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, UPPER HOLLO WAY, LONDON, N. WEBBS' a CABBAGE. ■'■v'Wi EMPEROR '-s$Z^j^ THE EARLIEST AND BEST. ^r^Xh^ 6d. ami Is. per packet, IS. 6d. per ounce. From Mr. R. LYE, Gardener to W. H. Kingsmill, Eeq., Symonton Court — " I have grown a great many varieties of Cabbage, but I consider Webtw'Fniperor the best of them all— in fact, I do not think there is another variety in cultivation to tqual it. I planted out a bed of 850 plants last autumn, ana not one went to seed, but all turned out splendidly." ■-> Per ounce. 6d. 6d. 9d. 9d. EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE ENFIELD MARKET EARLY R A IK HAM RED DUTCH ONION. WEBBS' RED GLOBE TRIPOLI LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI GIANT ROCCA WHITE LISBON Per pkt. ... 6d. ... 6d. ... 6d. Per ouDce. is. 6d. ... 9d. ... lOd. 6d. All Garden Seeds Free by Post or Rail. Seedsmtn by Royal Warrants to H.M. the Queen and H.R H. the Prince of Wales. WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. F E R . CHEAP OF 300,100 KENTIAS, all sizes. 50,000 ARECAS. all sizes. U.000 ASPARAGUS PLU.MOSA NANA. 1,000 „ TENUISSIMA. Dractcnas, Crotone, Pandanus Veitcbii, and Ficus elastica. Prices on application. G. BETHELL, Whiteley's Nurseries, Hillingdon Heath, Uxbridge. DOUBLE WHITE NARCISSUS.— Splendid strain, 17*. 6d. per 1000, on rail. Sample 50 free by post f jr Is. 9d, ; 100 for 3*. Cash in all cases with order. J. J, CLARK, Market Gardener, Goldstone, Brighton. & Son's Celebrated Bulbs FOB, EARLY FORCING. ROMAN HYACINTHS, ROMAN NARCISSUS, PAPER-WHITE NARCISSUS, &c. The above are now ready for delivery, and for full d*Bcriptive details of the same and other BULBS for Forcing, see our CATALOGUE for 1893, which will be sent free, od application to our offices, at OVERYEEN, near HAARLEM, HOLLAND, or to our General Agents— Messrs. MERTENS & Co., 3, GROSS LANE, LONDON, E.G. J. W AND IjU., F.R.H.S., CHELSEA, LONDON. S.W. CONSERVATORIES DESIGNED and BTJILT to SUIT ADJACENT BUILDINGS. ORCHID HOUSES WITH ALL LATEST IMPROVEMENTS. PLANT AND FRUIT HOUSES FOR ALL PURPOSES. All Materials and Workmanship of the Best Quality. ALL KINDS of BOILERS, our Improved and other Valves, Hot-water Pipes, Castings, Connec- tions, and Fittings, at Lowest Retail Prices. The Patent "DUPLEX" Upright Tubular Boilers of all Sizes, conditionally Guaranteed for Ten Years. J. WEEKS & CO., F.R.H.S., Horticultural Builders and Hot- Water Apparatus Manufacturers, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. July 29, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 119 SANDERS GREAT SALE FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1893, at MESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS' CENTRAL SALE ROOMS, 67 and 08, CHEAPSIDE, LONDON", E.C. A SPLENDID IMPORTATION, GUARANTEED TRUE, OF CATTLEYA REX (J. obrien), Collected b// one of our most experienced Collector*. Mr. J. O'Brien says this grand new species is THE KINC OF THE CATTLEYAS. Awarded Two First-class Certificates by the Royal Horticultural Society. Mr. J. O'Brien says : "Taking the flower at a glance, the nearest thing I r in liken it to is the Cattleja Imsi-hootiann. for which Baron Schroder receive! a First-Class Certificate at the Koyal Horticultural Society, but thtB is different, and superior in every respect." The Gardeners' Chronicle say^:— "Six flowers on one intioresi'3nce were noted, and there is little reason to doubt that, under cultivation, this Orchid will develop in beauty, and take rank among the very finest of the genus. ( lur plants show up to nine and ten flower-seats on a single inflorescence, CATTLEYA REX, A WONDERFUL IMPORTATION, JUST TO HAND, In superb order and condition, of this the ne plus ultra of the genus — the finest importation yet brought to Europe. The plants offered are truly magnificent, and many of the masses are simply grand. EVERY PLANT WILL BE OFFERED. The type of our importation may be imagined by the fact that we are able to show on the day of Sale great masses, with flower-spikes equal in size to Cattleya gigas Sanderiana, and showing as many as nine and ten flower-seats on a spike, this being quite unprecedented in the history of this Cattleya. EULOPHIELLA ELISABETHS. An exquisitely beautiful New Orchid from Madagascar, for ichtch a new genus has bee?i created. Mr. K. A. Ilolfe, of Kew Gardens, the author of the genus, has examined our plants, and certified them true. The Gardeners' Chronicle says :— " It was decidedly one of the most remarkable Orchids— if not the most remarkable plant- in the last Ghent International Exhibition." Mr. Watson, in the American Garden and Forest, says :— "This; is a plant of extraordinary interest and beauty, with white flowers, a yellow lip, and rich crimson-purple i-capes." The Gardeners' Chronicle says:— "The flowers are as large as those of Odontoglossum citrotmum, white, with the outer surface purplish-red, callus of the lip orange-yellow." The Plant then exhibited came from M. Hamelin. EULOPHIELLA ELISABETHS Is a Madagascan plant, and all and every plant now in Europe were collected by M. Hamelin. Vide Sallerin's letter in Gardening World. 150 splendid growing plants will be offered, and each and every plant is guaranteed. CATTLEYA GIGAS - (SECTION of SANDERJE). ESTABLISHED, BUT UNFLOWERED PLANTS. From the same importation oame the superb C. gigas Sander*, which received an award of merit from the Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society on June 6'. The lovely variety named after Hamar Bass, Esq., and which Mr. James O'Brien with justice declares to be the richest in colour of any known Cattleya — also flowered from this importation as well as the grand variety Rothschildiana, and now we have a letter from M. le Due de Massa, saying that he has just flowered a plant, with pure white sepals and petals, very large and very broad, and with a labellum of surpassing brilliancy. All these, and many other magnificent forms have flowered from the importation offered now. The plants are unflowered, and are strong and healthy. CATTLEYA LABIATA. The true Autumn-Jloioering labiata, Sander's finest type. Which produced the labiata alba, Hardy's superb variety, the chaste and elegant Sanderas, the rich Sanderiana, Le Doux's variety, and many others of great beauty and excellence. The NEW CYPEIPEDIUM SARGENTII, the NEW CYPRIPEDIUM NICHOLSON- IANUM, the NEW CYPRIPEDIUM MASSAIANUM, SOBRALIA XANTIIOLEUCA, CCELOGYNE SANDEILE, CYMBIDIUM HUMBLOTII, (JYMBIDIUM CYPER^FOLIUM, DENDROBIUM NOBILE from the Lang-tang mountains, DENDROBIUM NOBILE CORK- SONIANUM, and SANDERIANUM DENDROBIUM LEECHIANUM, RENANTHERA STORIEI, PHA1US AMABILIS and SANDERIANA, PALUMBINA, CANDIDA, ONCT- D'lUM GRAVESIANUM, &«., &b\, &o. THE SATURDAY, JULY 20, 1893. THE WORLD'S FAIR. ''I^IIE most remarkable out-door display of the -*- season at Chioago, and, it seems likely, the most remarkable show of the exposition, was the Rhododendron and Azalea display in May and June. These showy shrubs, though largely of American origin, are but little known through the Western States, and they were a novelty to many visitors. It must be owned frankly that the foreign exhibitors bore the palm in these displays, and the American growers were far behind them. In Rhododendrons, the finest displays were those of Anthony Waterer, Knap Hill ; John Waterer Bagshot ; and J. J. Moser, of Versailles. Mr. Anthony Waterer's. plants, whioh were at the foot of the terrace north of the Manufactures Build- ing, were really superb, a bank of noble speci- mens, covered with bloom. The plants of Everestianum were specially noticeable in this collection ; Lady Eleanor Cathoart was shown in fine form, and album elegans, purpureum elegans, Fleur de Marie, and Michael Waterer were splendidly bloomed. This bank of bloom, below the stately building, formed a fine landscape feature, but owing to the exposed situation, the plants were sheltered by an awning. The glaring sun and harsh lake winds combined, are very hard on blooming plants. The John AVaterer Rhododendrons are planted out on the Wooded Island, and consist of large and striking specimen plants, whioh made a forest of bloom. Everestianum, John Walter, Roseum elegans, and other well-known sorts were flowered. The size of these specimens, some of which were 8 or 10 feet high, made them very noticeable, and they were universally admired. J. J. Moser, who ranks with the Waterers for the excellence of his display, had some large specimens displayed in the Horticultural Building, among them big plants of Caractacus, which were excellent, but the bulk of his collec- tion was arranged by the landscape department at the north end of the Woman's Building. The Belgian Rhododendrons came from the Ghent Horticu ltural School, A. Dalliere, Ch. Yuylsteke, and De Smet Bros. ; they were gene- rally good, though in some cases there were but few varieties. The Boskoop Nursery Association, W. Van Kleeff & Sons, and Blaoun & Sons, made displays of small or medium plants ; among them were fine forms of R. Catawbiense. The display of new varieties was small, and those shown were young plants, from which but little could be judged. T. J. Seidel, of Dresden, who showed new plants, had among them a very good white, Helene Schiffner, which appears a good thing. In Azaleas a very showy bed of the Knap II ill seedlings was shown by Anthony Waterer; they bloomed to perfection, and may be considered the srowiest Azalea display there, though the Belgian exbibitt'is showed scm? pood plants of Ghent and 120 THE GAEDESEES' CHItONICLE. [Jolv 29. 1893. mollis, and A. glanca stricta was displayed in good blonm by J. J. Moser anil others. A. pontica and A. Van Hontteii were at their best the first week in June, while the Azalea season was ended by A. arborea and A. optima, which were in bloom the first week in July. These last named were exhibited by Parsons & Sons of Flushing, N.Y., who made a good display of our native Azaleas. Pitcher & Manda had some attractive Azalea beds, and also fine spe- cimen Rhododendrons. EUwanger & Barry, Ro- chester, N.Y., and F. W. Kelsey of New York, were among the American exhibitors. The heibaceons planting on (he Wooded Island has been most attractive, especially the woik of the Fioricultural Department. The hardy planting by exhibitors is too formal in character to be really « ffective, but where it bai been informally grouped a'orig the shrubbery, it is charming. Mats of For- get- me-Nots and hardy Pinks, big clumps of Del- phiniums and Columbines, and glowing oriental Puppies, have kppt up a constant show of bloom. A border of Canterbury Bells was a feature during June; ruperb flowers, in all colours and types, and though such an old familiar flower, it was one of the show features of the is'and. So far, the horticultural department of the Fair has been noticeable for its utter absence of remark- able novelties, so it wai an occasion when Mr. ])• in mock arrived with Mr. Sander's Ghent prize- winners, Alocasia Watsoni, Dracaena Sanderiana, and Oreopanax Sanderianum, all figured in your columns. These remarkable plants were arranged beneath some of the New Siuth Wales Tree Ferns, in the north wing of the building. All the specialists were in raptures over them, particularly the Dracaena, which appears to have made the deepest impression, though the rich colour of the Alocasia and noble habit of the Oreopanax were much admired. All three plants were in perfect order, looking as if a journey of 4000 miles or thereabouts was a mere bagatelle. It is a fine test of their ability to stand shipment. But it is to be feared their beauty and rarity were caviare to the average visitor. We are looking forward to good displays of Gloxinias and tuberous Begonias; the latter are to be iiied (xtensively in bedding. E. L.Taplin, Chicago. New or Noteworthy Plants. DIPLADENIA EX1MIA, Hcml.n.ip* An exceedingly beautiful species of this tropical 5 American genus, which I have neither been able to match in the Kew herbarium, nor identify from the descriptions of other species not represented at Kew by authenticated specimens. In the rich deep rose colour of its flowers, Dipladenia eximia is nearest D. acuminata (Botanical Magazine, plate 4828), but otherwise it is very different. Indeed, it is a miniature by the side of such species as splendens and Brear- leyana, yet it does not suffer by comparison, for what it loses in size it gains in compactness. The broadly elliptical or almost orbicular leaves are from \\ to 1J inch long, with close lateral nerves and short stalks. The flowers are from 2 to 2.S- inches in diameter in the one cluster before me, but as I know nothing of the conditions under which the plant was cultivated, I can form no judgment as to whether these dimensions are norma'. Concerning the habit of the plant, I can say nothing beyond my opinion that it belongs to the section having climbing or trailing stems. Dipladenia eximia was sent to Kew for determination by Messrs. Sander 6 Co., of St. Albans. W. Batting Hemsley. * Dipladenia eiimia, Hemsl., n. sp.— Folia breviter petio- lata, papyracea, omnino glabra, late elliptica vel fere orbiculaiia, maxima visa cum petiolo \\ poll, longa, abrupte obtuseque acuminata, marline leviter recurva, venis pri- mariis lateralibus utrinque cireiter 9 C09taque supra impressis subtus elevatis. Flore3 racemoso-cymosi, cymis paucifloris, breviter pedicellati, Baturate rosei, 2— 2$ poll, diametro ; calycis lobi lineari-subulati, subeequales, cireiter 2 lineas looftT ; corolla infundibularis, tubo infra medium aoguste cylindato, lobis latis oblique rotundatis apiculatis; genitalia omnino inclusa. Folliculi ignoti. W. B. H. Lilium Lown* (see Fig. 29). This is a Burmese Lily, described by Mr. Baker in the Botanical Magazine, t. 7232, May, 1892. It has been exhibited lately by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., and our illustration (fig. 29, p. 121) is taken from a plant in their collection. It is a tall-growing Lily, with linear-lanceolate leaves. The flowers, in groups of three, at the top of the stem, are drooping, bell- shaped, with segments broadly lanceolate, slightly recurved at the tips, and with a prominent midrib. The colour is as of ivory, flushed with green, and densely spotted with purplish-red at the base of the pegments inside. Didtmocabpos taccNOSA.t J. D. Hook. A lovely little plant (shown on Tuesday last at the Royal Horticultural Society), with intensely violet- blue nodding flowers, introduced by Messrs. Veitch from Penang, and of which Mr. Curtis collected spe- cimens on damp rocks near the coast in the island of Langkaur, on the west side of the Malayan penin- sula, north of Penang. It is a stemless Gesnerad, with stalked cordate ovate hairy leaves, about 1 1 inch (4 cm. long, rather less in breadth); the upper surface is deeply pitted. The flower-stalks, which Bpring from the centre of the tulted leaves, are 5—6 inches high, slender, leafless, and bear at the summit a tuft of flowers, all directed to one side. The individual flowers, which are like those of a Gloxinia in miniature, and deep violet-blue in colour, are about 1 \ inch in length (3 cm ), irregu- larly tubular, tube aistended on the under surface, mouth slanting, lobi-s of limb shallow, round. sh, reflexed ; three lower ones larger than the two upper. KEW NOTES. Rhododendron Smirnowii. — This distinct and promising species of Rhododendron has lately flowered in the arboretum nursery at Kew, where it hat been grown since 1886, and is now a com- pact leafy bush, a foot high. It is as hardy as R. caucasicum, to which it is evidently closely allied, but it diff-rs from that and all other bardy Rhododendrons in its thick layer of felt- like wool, which clothes the under-side of the leaves, petioles, and branches. The leaves are oblong, blunt at the apex, the margins revolute, and the texture leathery. The largest leaves are 4 inches long, and Ik inches broad, and the petiole is an inch long. The flowers are borne on the ends of the shoots, as in R. caucasicum ; they are characterised by a small saucer-shaped calyx, a catnpanulate corolla 1{ inches long, ten unequal stamens, shorter than the corolla, and hairy at the baa9 ; style, declinate glabrous ; colour, bright rose-purple. The dark green of the upper surface of the leaves, and their felted under-side, together with the sturdy growth, hardiness, and ever- green characters of this plant, are likely to bring it into notice, especially with breeders of garden Rho- dodendrons. It was described by Trautvetter in Acta Horti Petroptlitani in 1834, and poorly figured in Gartenflora, apparently from a dried specimen, two years afterwards. It was discovered oa the Asiatic side of the Caucasian Mountains, along with R. ponticum and It. Uagernii. W. W. Rhododendbon Unobrnii. This Rhododendron is grown at Kew by the side of R. Smirnowii. They are not unlike each other in habit, but there are good characters by which they can easily be distinguished, even when not in flower. R. Ungernii has larger leaves, with cuspidate tips, and the felt on the under-side is white, whereas in It. Smirnowii it is pale brown. In the flowers there is a marked difference in the size and form of the calyx-lobes, which in R. Ungernii are lance-shaped, and half-an-inch long. The flowers are borne in large compact terminal heads, and the corolla, which is campanulate, obtusely five-lobed, and lj inch long, is white, with reddish spots and a tinge * Lilium Lowii, Baiter, in Bot. Mag., t. 7232. syn. L. nepi- tense, Collett et Hemsley, in Journ. Linn. Hoc, vol. xxviii , p. 138, t. 22, non Don. f Didymocarpiis lacunosa, J. D. Hooker, in Bot. Mag , May 1, 189J, t. 7236. of green. This species has not yet flowered at Kew. It was discovered near Batoum by Baron Ungera- S;ernberg, growing under the shade of Picea orien- talis along with R. Smirnowii, where it formed a shrub 10 feet high. It was named and described by Trautvetter in Acta Horti Petropolitani in 1884. The most remarkable character of these two Rhodo- dendrons is the layer of felt-like wool which clothes the leaves on the under-side, a character not un- common in the Himalayan species of the genus, but unknown in the garden Rhododendrons, of which R. caucasicum is one of the progenitors. W. W. FRUIT, AND THE WEATHEK. Your correspondent, " Wild Rose," has started a very interesting subject in his remarks on the fruit crops this year, and though I must plead guilty to b. iog one of the theorists (though not in meteoro- logy— Heaven forbid! ) whom he distrusts, yet per- haps he will bear with me while I say a few words on the subject. In 1881 I committed mjBelf to the theory that, as Pears make their growth earlier than Apples, a hot July and August means a good Pear crop, and a hot August and September a good Apple crop, for the following year, allowance being made for spring frosts. The following Table shows the mean maxi- mum temperature of last (1-92) July, August, Sep- tember, and the averages of the preceding twelve years here. Mem Maximum, liiinfall. 1832. Average, of 12>re. .luty ... 64° 1 ... 6o° 2 July 1892. In. ... 2-42 Averbge. oE 12 yrs. in. ... 249 August ... 65° 6 ... 65° 0 August ... 3 01 ... 3-36 tept. ... 5j°tj ... 63° 1 Sept. ... 343 ... 2-45 From the above it will be seen that August was an average month in temperature and rainfall; Jjly considerably below the average in temperature, bu'. average in rainfall ; and September far below the average in temperature, and nearly 1 inch above it in rainfall, added to which it rained on twenty-three days. It was followed by the wettest month on record for this district. The result as regards Pears and Apples is as follows :— Taking 0 to 3 to repre- sent the range from no fruit to a good crop, I find the trees in my garden may be classified as below : — Apples. rears. Bushes, „ ,. Standards, &c. KaPal'ers. Pyramid*, &c. Espaliers. 0 = 18 trees ...0=1 trees 0 = 0 tree9 ... 0 = 6 trees U = 29 1 = 11 ,. 1=5 1 = 3 „ a = IS 2 = 10 ,. 2 = 4 2 = 5 „ 3 = 7 „ ... 3 = 12 „ 3 = 2 3 = 7 „ From the above it will be seen that the Pear crop is better than the Apple (the reverse being usual. y the case), and espaliers, on which the wood, being more exposed to the sun, has a better chance of ripening, give a better result than bush and pyramidal trees. So far, this year fairly confirms the woud- ripening theory, though tbe crop, especially of Pears, is better than I should have expected from the above temperatures, &c. But what of the crop of stone fruits, i.e , Plums, Apricots, Peaches, and Cherries? Here, I may say at once, the wood-ripening theory fails utterly. As I have shown, of the three wood-ripening months, two were bad and one only average ; but this is always a bad district for stone fruits — a fact which I have always attributed to our low summer tempera- ture not ripening the wood sufficiently. Yet this year the crop is simply phenomenal ! Had anybody asked me four months ago whether I thinned my Plums and Apricots, I should have laughed at him ; yet I have bad to do so this year, and heavily. Well, this abnormal crop coincides with an equally abnormal spring, as will be seen by the following table: — Mean Mai. March. April. Ma v. June. 1893 51°-7 6.c-7 63° 7 (9° -2 Average of 12 jears preceding 47° 7 52° -3 58° 7 84° d Rainfall. March. April. May. June. Ins. Ins. Ins. Ins, 1893 038 0'62 1-38 1-28 Average of 12 years preceding 2 07 1-86 2 16 189 July 29, 1893.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 121 It is difficult to avoid connecting the two pheno- mena, but, granting that the warm dry spring has been the cause of the large fruit crops, it remains to be shown in what way it has acted. On this point I will not venture to offer any theory, but having given the facts, will leave the botanical physiolo- gists to draw their inferences. I may, however, anticipate some possible suggestions. It was not the absence of spring frosts, for these are never of any consequence here ; nor the dry weather, for that is of common occurrence during the blossoming time ; nor fertilisation of the ovaries by insects, for vague impressions and recollections, that we shall ever arrive at understanding the causes that affect our crops, but by a patient, and, above all, accurate record of facts. Alfred 0. Walker, Nant-y-Glyn. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. LJELIA MONOPHYLLA. This pretty scarlet Jamaican highland plant may be now said to be well-established in cultivation. Stanhofba inodoba. Although introduced to gardens from Mexico by Loddiges in 1843, it is very seldom this species is to be found in gardens ; indeed, all the species, except S. oculata and S. tigrina seem to be uncommon. Of the one named, we received flowers from Mr. G Cragg, gardener to W. C. Walker, Esq., Percy Lodge, Winchmore Hill. It is almost wholly pale- straw yellow, the base of the lip having an orange shade, and on each side of it a spot having the appearance of a partially- obliterated blotch. There are some very minute purple dots also on the labellum. FlQ. 2i). — LILirM lowii. (see p. 120.) a note in my diary states that Hymenoptera (bees, &c.) were scarce at that time, and the flower- haunting Diptera (two-winged flies) certainly not unusually abundant. Everybody who has paid any attention to fruit- growing, knows that no single cause will account for good or bad crops. In addition to climatal con- ditions, the treatment of the trees, the nature of the soil, injurious insects (worse this year than I have ever known them), and probably many other agents, have all to be taken into account. But I feel rea- sonably confident that the character of the preceding summer is an important, if not the most important factor in determining the crop of the current year so far as Apples and Ptars are concerned, while it is clear, from this year's experience, that it has little or no effect on the crops of stone fruits. And, let me add, it is not by dogmatic assertions, based op Some time ago, Sir Trevor Lawrence, who grows it well and admires it much, had a specimen with over a score spikes of flower. Oi it Norman C. Cook- son, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne, says: — "Our plants of Laelia monophylla are now in flower. The strongest has three spikes, and the best spike has three flowers. It is a very pretty thing, with flowers of good shape and lovely colour, and it should also prove valuable for hybridising." The largest flowers we have seen of it were on a plant grown by Walter Cobb, E«q., Silverdale, Sydenham, who says he finds it very easy to grow and flower in a tolerably cool house. It comes from the region of Filmy Ferns and mosses, alt. 4500 feet, and consequently will not stand drying-off or a dry air, even if kept watered. Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son also grow it well, and gave a good figure of it in their Orchid Album. J. O'B. Stanhopea saccata. Another singular species, having a general re- semblance to the preceding, is S. saccata, which comes from Mr. Duncan, Warnham Court Gardens, Horsham, but this may readily be distinguished from all others by the pouch beneath the labellum. EpiDENDEUM PDS1LI.UM. A flower of this pretty species, from Major-Gen. A. Hutchinson, Owthorpe, Bournemouth, shows it as a very distinct and attractive species. The nearly equal ovate-acute sepals and petals are pale yellow, lightly freckled front and back with chocolate colour; the column and Bide-lobes of the labellum are emerald-green, the rounded front-lobe white, closely veined with bright purplish-crimson. It is what the florist would probably call " a botanical plant," but it is a pretty one, nevertheless. J. O'B. 122 THE GAB DENES 8' CHRONICLE. [JctT 29, 1893. DENDROBIUM DENSIFLORUM. This is one of the most popular Orchids among growers for its robust habit, and the freedom with which its dense racemes of flowers are produced. It is a native of Nepal, and so requires warm treatment, and abundance of water in the growing stage. It is very like thyrsi0orum, but thyrsiflorum has terete, not angular, stems ; and densiftorum has usually yellow flowers, with an orange-coloured lip. The specimen shown in our illustration (fig. 30, p. 123) was grown by Mr. Prinsep, gardener, Buxted Park, who kindly furnished us with the photograph. REMARKS ON THE FRUIT CROPS OF 1893. [For Tabulated Summary, see p. 89.] 0, SCOTLAND, N. Morayshire — The Apple crop in this district is the best we have had for some years. Pears a thin crop, and the fruit small. Plums are plentiful on all trees on walls, but thin on standards, except Victorias. Apricots are an exceptionally heavy crop, but are all greatly in need of rain for all sorts of fruit trees, which are fully a month earlier than the average of seasons. Chas. Webster, Gordon Cast/,;. Nairn. — The fruit crops here are mostly under average, with the exception of Gooseberries. Black and red Currants, and Raspberries are very good. Owing to the extreme heat and dryness, Straw- berries failed to swell to full size, but the late ones, such as Elton Pine, with the change of weather, and a good fall of rain, will most likely give a fair crop. Jj,mes Maitland, Cawdor Castle. 1, SCOTLAND, E. Aberdeenshire. — Apples on standard trees are almost a complete failure. Trees on walls — espe- cially young trees— are carrying a large crop. The only reason that can be given for the failure on standard trees is the extra heavy crop of last year, and the want of vigour in the blossoms, and pos- sibly the dry weather when they were in blossom. Plums set an enormous crop; in some cases, at least, two-thirds had to be thinned out. Small fruits have suffered very much from the attacks of aphides, but still have a fairly good crop. J. Forrest, Haddo House Gardens. Apples a fair crop in some gardens, others v?ry poor. Pears very few ; all over. Plums pretty good in'most places. Black Currants nearly a failure. Gooseberries and red and white Currants about half a crop. Cherries rather poor. G. Tait, Castle Forbes, Whitehouse, Clackmannanshire. — The fruit crop here in the Devon valley is, with the exception of Pears, above the average. Small fruit, especially so ; I gathered the Noble Strawberry in the first week of June, which is some three weeks earlier than the general average of the last ten years. G. McLeod, Harviesttn Castle, Dollar. East Lothian. — With the exception of the Pear crop, which is under the average, little bloom, having been produced this year, and of Strawberries, the plants having been damaged by the severity of the winter, all kinds of fruit are abundant, and of g>od quality. Rain came in good time to make this not only an abundant fruit year, but also a year for good quality. R. P. Brotherston, Tynivghame. This has been one of the best seasons I remember for all sorts of outdoor fruit, especially the small Iruits. Apricots and Plums had to be severely thinned. Apples are a much better crop than last year, and the best this season are, Warner's King, Keswick Codlin, Stirling Castle, Tower of Glamis, Ecklinville, Grange's Pearmain, and Worcester Pear- main. Pears are good on Jargonelle, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Beurre. Diel, Beurre Ranee, but on some other varieties we had a more regular crop last year. Wm McKelvir, Broxmouth Park, Dunbar. Fifeshire. — In most of the places in this district that I have visited, all the fruit crops are good ; Apples being over the average, and looking well. Strawberries I never observed better. Laxton's Noble, Garibaldi, Dr. Hogg and Elton Pine being the best among the many kinds that are here. A. Mclnnes, Palace Gardens, Falkland. Forfarshire. — The Apple crop in this district will scarcely be up to the average, although the blossom was very promising, and the set waB very irregular, some trees having a full crop, whilst others have very few or none. Peaches and Nec- tarines are scarcely grown out-of-doors hereabouts, and very few Apricots. Early Strawberries suffered from the drought, but the late varieties, which are just beginning to ripen, have been benefited by the rain, and promise to be a good crop. Small truits are plentiful, but Gooseberry bushes, in some cases, have suffered much from red-spider. W. McDowall, Brechin Castle Gardens. Apples showed abundant blossom, and are a promising and fine crop. Pears, generally, a poor crop here, are scarcer this year. Gooseberries and Currants suffered from the ravages of insects, but with timely applications of insecticides we shall have a fine crop. Strawberries have benefited by the showers of late, and are a fine crop of good quality ; and fruits, on the whole, are looking well. T. Wilson, Glamis Castle Gardens. Kincardine. — Apples as standards are a complete failure, and on walls there are but few. The Pears are also a complete failure, whilst red and white Currants are excellent in crop and quality. J. M. Gairns, Arbuthnot House Gardens, Fordoun, N B. ■ The crops of Apples, Pears, and Tlums are the worst that I have seen for at least seven years. Last year was very cold, rainy, and sunless, and fruit did not ripen well, or attain its usual size, and the wood was quite green at pruning time, so that I quite expected a bad fruit year; many of the trees do not look at all healthy. William Knight, Fasque, Laurence- kirk. Mid- Lothian. — After such a cold wet summer and autumn as we experienced last year, a good crop of fruit could not be looked for under the ordinary con- ditions of our climate during the past twenty years. The rain abated towards the end of September, and although the winter was rather severe, the snow protected vegetation so much that comparatively little harm was down ; and both the wood and buds of fruit trees continued to mature or ripen right through the winter. When spriDg came, it proved dry and warm, and fruit trees blossomed and set their crops under the most favourable conditions. No frost was registered here alt»r the 29th of March. Most kinds of fruit set very thickly ; but the long drought and the badly-ripened wood of last season combined thinned many of the thickest-set crops. Still, with the exception of Peaches and Nectarines, all kinds of hardy fruit are a good average, or over it. Insects were rather troublesome for a while, and some Gooseberries and Currants were quite destroyed by aphides and red spider; but the downpour of rain which fell on June 22 and 23, cleared most of the insect pests away, and since then there has been no renewal of the attack. As a rule, fruit trees are in vigorous health, free from insects, and already showing prominently next season's fruit- buds. Apples are generally bearing well, very few varieties not bearing an average crop, and such standard varieties as Ecklinville, Stirling Castle, Warner's King, King of the Pippins, Djchess of Oldenburg, Worcester Pearmain, Blenheim Pippin, Kerry Pippin, Keswick Codlin, Cellini, Cox's Orange Pippin, Yorkshire Greening, Northern Greening, and Tower of Glamis, are carrying excellent crops of very fine fruit. The Pears with the best crops on walls, and also a