JY' <^td LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE No._.L5:490_...DATE._QLr-LS3.4--. souRcaiZoJle^e^._.4:UTnd5.. ScunSfL This book may be kept out TWO WEEKS only, and is subject to a fine of ITVR CENTS a day thereafter. It will be due on the day indicated below. MAR 151895 June 30, 1891.] THE GARDENERS 7\ JJLi % WLttkU Ellustratcb Journal OF Horticulture and Allied Subjects. (ESTABLISHED IN 1841.) VOL XV.-TH1RD SERIES. JANUARY TO JUNE. 1894. LONDON : 41, WELLINGTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. 1894. ft*. G-ltt X«aa -J e. .O DON ^^ ^ BRADBURY, AONEW, & CO. LIMP,, PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS. Gardeners' Chronicle,] [•Tune 30, 1694. INDEX OF CONTENTS. JANUARY TO JUNE, 1894. Abchasica, origin of specific name, 113 Aberdeen, a new park at, 758 Acacia Baileyana, 36; A. dealbata, 268, 599 Acacias at Kew, 366 Adenandra umbellate, 637 Adiantum Farleyense, 267 Agapetes macrantha, 501 Agave americana. flowering of, 786 ; A. applanata, 727 ; A. potatorum, 628 Agricultural banks, 16 ; prosperity, 140 Agriculture, commercial, 814 Ailantbus, how to spell, 274 Ainslisea Walkeri, 18 Allamanda, fruiting of, 633 Allotments, 35 ; at Richmond, 373 ; how, pay, 438 Almonds for shrubberies, 504 Amaryllis at Messrs. Kerr & Sons, 441 Amelanchier Botrvapium, 177 American blight, 18 American fruit crops, 788 Anadendrum medium, differing leaves of, 526 Analyses of Californian fruits, 591 ; of Cattleya, 175; of Chrysanthemum, 778 Anemone blanda, destruction of tubers of, 274 ; A. Robinsoniana, 529 AngTascum Humblotii, 202 ; A. ses- quipedale, 136 Anoiganthus breviflorus, 472 Ant, the white, in Natal timber, 599 Anthracite coal, 329; and boilers, 177 Anthurium Chamberlaini, 655 Anthuriums, seedling, at Highbury, 9, 48 Antwerp, L'Exposition Universelle, 238, 305, 792 Anvil, foliage from the, 534 Aotus gracillima, 720 Aphis on Strawberries, 502 Apiary, the, 41, 138, 235, 337, 435 531, 659, 755 Aponogeton distachyon, 759 Aposporous Hart's-tongue Fern, 652 Apple, Emperor Alexander, 20 ; Grange's Pearnaain, 240; Grange's Winter Pearmain, 275 ; and Pear growing for profit, 541, 570, 571, 572, 630, 790 ; the Raspberry-, 432 ; trees, pruning newly-planted. 341 Apples, double - flowered, 788; im- ported, 567 ; poisonous, 270 Arancaria Bidwillii, fruiting in Java 465 Arisffimas at Kew, 398 Aristolochia gigas var. Sturtevantii 693 Art and horticulture, 338 Asarum macranthum, 18 Asparagus, heavy, 693 Aster, a white branching, 268 Aubrietia deltoidea Campbelli, 570 Aubrietias, 591 ; the culture of. 495 Ancuba japonica in berry, 601, 631; the fertilisation of the flowers of, 505 Auderghem, Brussels, the gardens at, 430 Auricula, Dr. Hardy, 569; the, 105, 722 Auriculas and glazed pots, 790 Australia, garden and orchard produce in, 237 Australian fruit production, 305 Australian fruit and dairy profuce for the Eist, 39 Azalea mollis, 38 Azaleas, Ghent and other, 655 ; A. Indian, the culture of, 778; A in the Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, 310 B Bacteria as the causa of disease, 471 liiiley, Mr. F. M., 206 Balsam of Peru, the collection of, 561 Baltet, M. Chas., 174 Bamboo, the Whampoa, 559 Bamboos, a classification of hardy, 239,301,368,431; hardy, 167, 209, 407 Bambusa nana, 18; B. tessellata, 240 Bark, gnawed by horses, 632 Barringtonia samoensis, 655 Basal rot in Daffodils, 379, 558 625 Bath, Mr. R. H., the farm of, 206 Batoum, vegetable products a', 72 Bean, Sutton's Tender-and-True, 279 ; the Seville Longford, 690 Beckett's extension Chrysanthemum cup and tube, 791 Bee-keeping in urban byways, 305 Bees, early brood rearing of, 112; in January, a swarm of 177, 208 Begonia corallina, 730 Belgium, notes from, 791 Balvoir, appointment of gardener at, 110 Benthamia fragifera, 178 Berberidopsis corallina, 37 Berberis Fremonti, 112, 144, 175 ; B. ilicifolia, 178 ; B. stenophylla, 570 Bergen, parks at, 80 Birch, fertilisation of the, 788 Bland, J. Edmund, 146 Blomefield, Rev. Leonard, 307 BOOKS, Notices of :— AboutOrchids (Fred. Boyle), 47; Amateur Orchid Cultivators' Guide Book (H, A. Bur- berry), 440 ; An Introduction to Structural Botany (Flowering Plants) (D. H. Scott). 728; Berk- shire Flora {Mr. G. C. Druce), io; Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists, 338 ; British and Irish Press Guide, 568 ; Bulletin of the Trinidad Royal Botanic Gardens, 237 ; By Moorland and Sea (Francis A. Knight), 272 ; Catalogue of the Timber Museum at Kew, 339; Census Orchidearum (M. Th, Duraad), 270 ; Chrysanthemums and their Culture (E. Molyneux), 728 ; Conspectus Floras Afncae, 272 ; Contributions from the Unitpd States National Herbarium, 276 Dictionnaire Pratique d'Horticulture et de Jardinage, 470 ; Dictionnaire Pratique d'Horticulture, 237, 727; Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 374 ; Exotic Plants from the Royal Gardens, Kew (Margaret Meen) 197 ; Flora of British India, 725 ; Flora of Somerset, the (Rev. R.P.Murray), 112; Flora of the Assyrian Monu- ments (E. Bonavia). 14; Flowering plants of Western India (Rev. A. K. Nairne), 563 ; I Funghi pici damnosi- alle piante coltivate (Dr. P. Foglino), 16 ; Genus Masdevallia, the (by Miss Florence H. Woolward), 240 ; Hardy Ornamental Flowering Trees and Shrubs (A.D. Webster). 174; Heat- ing by hot water (WalUr Jones), 503 ; Histoire des Plantes, 597 ; In- jurious Insects, report on (Miss Ormerod), 374 ; Johnson's Gardeners' Dictionary, 726 ; Journal of the Kew Guild, 660 ; Journal of the Linnean Society, 237 ; Kew Bulletin, 76, 205, 534, 725, 757; Les Ennemis de la Vigne.et les moyens de lescombattre, 696 ; Les Fleurs de Pleine Terre, &c. ( Vilmorin, Andrieux 7 Gilbert, Sir J. H., pre8entation to, 270 ; the lectures of, 206 Glasgow, Chrysanthemum Society for, 46,82 Gooseberry Bawfly, 174 Gourd, a new, 340 Graft hybrids, 727 Grange, the, Charlcombe, 782 Grape-growing, 730 Grapes, shanking of, 20 145, 176 Grass-land, manuring, 497 Greenhouse flowers at Kew, 398 Greenhouse plants, hard-wooded, 40, 232, 408, 494, 558. 600, 788 H Hampton Court Gardens, 566 ; Poly- anthuses at, 174 Hardy Fruit Garden, 12. 42, 74, 106, 139, 170, 203, 234, 268. 302, 336, 371, 402, 434. 467. 499, 531. 562, 594, 627, 658, 690, 723, 755, 785, 811 Heather edging for beds, 241 Hepaticas at Kew, 366 Herbaceous border, 688 753 Herbs, 379 Hesperis matronalis alba plena, 753 Highbury, Orchids at, 329 Hippeastrum, the, 50 Hippocastanum californicum, 398 " Hollyhock, heavily hangs the," 760 Hollyhock, the, 50 Horticultural Club, 110, 236, 373, 501, 628, 786 Horticultural teaching, 142 Horticulture in the Caucasus, 397; organiaation in, 532 Hyacinth diaeaaes, 592 ; enow at Haar- lem, 340 Hybridisation in Narciasus, 463 505 Hybrid8, natural and artificial. 110 Hydrangea Thomaa Hogg, 566 Hydrangeas on single Bteni9, 693 Iberis correaafolia, 753 Iggulden, Mr,, presentation to, 694 Imports of vegetables &c , 375 Insecticide, a good, 760 Instruction in agriculture in Ireland, 727 Inula glanduloaa, 753 Ireland, proposed department of agri- culture for, 373 Iris alata, 166 ; disease, 718 Irises, early, 209 l80chilua linearis, 104 Ivy, as an ornamental fence, 275 Japan, an ancient Pine in, 366 Japanese flower seller, a, 9 ; horticul- tural literature, 69 ; Pine tree, trained, to represent a junk, 140 Java, Araucarin, Bidwillii in, 465 Jerez and its Vines, 683 Jerusalem, the Orange Colocynth and Olive wood in, 688 The Gardeuers' Chronicle,] INDEX. [June 30, 1894. Juniper berries, 17 Janiperus virginiana forest, 340 Junk, Pine tree trained to represent a, 140 K Kew Gabdens, 534 ; the popular side of, 5 Kew note*,. 18, 144, 198, 267, 366, 39S, 472, 568, 590, 655 Kitchen earden, tbe. 12. 41. 75, 107, 139, 170, 203, 235, 269 303, 336, 370, 403. 434. 407, 499, 5*1, 563, 595, 657, 659, 691, 722, 754, 785, 811 Knife v. secateur, 442 Labels, garden, 176 ; permanent, 275, 342 Lachenalia Nelsoni, 472 Lachenalias at Hedsor Park, 377 Laeken, conservatory chapel at, 662 Lselia, a fine hybrid, 747 Lselia albida Stobartiana, 36 ; L, anceps and its varieties, 717 ; L. a., a white, 172; L. a. var. Ash- worthiana, 103 ; L. a. vestalis, 168 ; L. elegans Weathersiana, 82 ; L. grandis, 747 ; L. crandis tenebrosa, 495; L. majalis, 717; L. purpurara, Clark's var., 653 ; L. tenebrosa, 687 ; L. tenebrosa, peloria in, 780 Laalio-CattleyaX Frederick Boyle, 809 Lagerstrcemia Flos Reginae, 76 Lagerstrcemia in Brazil, 138 Lagerstrcemia indica, 536 Langwater, Mass., U.S.A., Orchids at, 508 Lapagerias, double - flowered, 788 ; failure of, 601 Larch disease, 307, 718 Larch, quick growth of, 697, 759 Lathyrus violaceus, 398 Lawes, Sir J. B., presentation to, 270 Law NOTES :— Gongh v. Wood & Co., 309; Queen v. Dennis, 701; Lem- mon v. Webb, 636 ; Trade fixtures, removal of, 309 ; Walnuts case, 701 Lemna gibba, flowers of, 308 Lemoine, M., and the Legion of Honour, 534 Lemon-growing in New South Wales, 178 Lendy, the late Captain, 110 Lent, lagging, 377 Leptactinia Manni, 18 Leucadendron argenteum, 572, 698, 701 Libraries, public, and Horticultural works, 16 Light, and animal coloration, 137 Light, artificial, and seeds, 145 Lilacs, varieties of, 593 Linden, Jean, aB a botanist, 599 as a botanical collector, 401 Lindley Library and the Royal Horti- cultural Society, 307, 340-342, 760, 789 Lissochilus Krebsii, 463 Literature, Japanese Horticultural, 69 Lithospermum prostratum, 590 London markets, 404 Lourya campanulata. 273 Ljcaste Skinneri, 104 M Magnesium light and plants, 20 Magnolia conspicua, 504; M. Lennei, 570; M. purpurea, 504 Maize, 176; the origin of, 142 Manna in Sicily, collection of, 17 Manure for Potatos, 173 ; oyster shells, as, 503 ; for meadows, 308, 342 Manures, tbe distribution of, 619 Manuring grass-land, 441, 497; the relative value of plants for green, i37 Margam Abbey, notes from, 134 Margaret Meen, 241 Market gardening, a profession for our sons, 133, 200, 332, 462, 556 Market Gardeners' Compensation Bill, 692 Markets for London, 404 Markets, provincial, 114 Marseilles, oil seeds at, 782 Martinet, M„ 566 Masdevallia Courtauldiana X, 590; M. Geleniana x, 590; M. Measures- iana X, 590 Matting, Chinese and Japanese, 41 Mauldslie Castle, Lanarkshire, 114 May, the cold weather in, 730 Mcintosh, Chas., the late, 241 Mcintosh, the home of James, 201 Mealy bug and its destruction, 724 Medinilla magnifica, 472 Megasea Stracheyi, 688 Megaseas, Mr. Harrison Weir's, 557 Melbourne, Azaleas in the Botanic Gardens at, 340 Melianthus msjor flowering, 240, 274 Memorial gardens, 566 ; trees, 628 ; at Sulhampstead, 790 Metropolitan Public Gardens Associa- tion, 338 Mignonette for winter, 781 Milanji, plants of, 752 Mildew, downy, on Vines, 689 Miltonia festiva, 716 Mimuluses, 701 Misleto propagation, 605 Moncrieff House, Rose fence at, 697 Moore, Mr. F. W., 471 Mooseland and Muskegs, 790 Morris, Dr., 813 Mosses and lichens on trees, 208 Musa Cavendishii at Parkfield, 340 Mushroom growing, 376 Mushrooms in queer places, 759 ; varie- ties of, 788 N Nanodes Medusas, 780 Nant-y-Glyn, Yucca gloriosa at, 340 Napoleona imperalis, 690 Narcissi at Kew, 366 Narcissus, hybridisation in, 468 ; a hybrid, 332, 443 Narcissus, an extra crop of Poet's, 505 ; at Kew, 398 ; poeticus var. prsecox, 39S Natal, the weather iD, 661 National Footpath Preservation So- ciety, 237 Nematus ribesii, 174 Newcastle-on-Tyne, public narks at, 748, 814 ; planting of the Town Moor at, 238 New South Wales, gardeners in, 566 New York Agricultural Experiment Station, 374 New Zealand hospital, a, 302 Normandy, fruits and flowers in, 598 Norway, gardening, 80 ; notes on, 79, 276. 309 Nova Scotia, 813 Novelties of 1893, 7, 36, 72 Nurseryman, the, 720 NURSERY NOTES: — Backhouse, H, & Co.. 310; Balchin, W. & Sons, 765; Barr. P. & Sons, 444; Bull, Mr. W., 696; Cannell, H. & Sons, 696 ; Cave, Mr. A. E„ 376 ; Charles- worth, Sbuttleworth & Co., 444 ; Douglas, Mr. J., 406 ; Icatou, Mr. W.. 497 ; James, W. J., Woodside, 114; Jones. H. J., 335; Ker, R. P. & Sons, 441 ; L'Horticulture Inter- nationale, Brussels, 528 ; Laing, J. & Sons, 335, 561 ; Mount, Mr. G., 624; St. George's Nursery Co., 335 ; Veitcb, J. & Sons, 375, 473, 732; Waterer, Anthony, 560 ; Williams, B. S. & Son, 144, 496 Nursery and Seed Trade Association, annual meeting of, 700 Nut crops in the Trebizond, 598 Nuttallia cerasiformis. 242 Nuytsia floribunda, 473 Njmpboea gigantea, 205, 237 Nymphaeas, hybrid, 103 Oak and Ash plantations, 535 Oak bark season, the. 656 Oak, the evergreen, 177 ; the Lucombe, and seed sowing, 113 Oakwood, flowering trees and shrubs at, 600 ; Orchids at, 229 OBITUARY:— Brown, James, 310 Carmichael. Charles, A. M., 346 Chapman, J. C, 115; Evershed, H. 411 ; Hardy, Geo., 411 ; Ingram William, 50 ; Lobb, Thomas, 636 Lovell, Jno., 278; Macmillan, Ro bert, 85; Maddern, Geo., 346; Row. lands, W„ 115; Rust, Joseph, 573 Smith, Henry, 411 ; Spruce, Richard 21; Truelove, W„ 84; Webb Henry, 411; Weir, Jno. Jenner, 411 Whittaker, Joseph, 379; Williams W. H, 84 Odontoglossum cordatum aureum 810 ; O. coronarium, 747 ; O crinitum, 36; O. crispum, 462 O. c. var. apiatum, 375 ; O. elegans Sander's variety, 441 ; O. Krameri albidum, 71; O, Pescatorei, 202. O. pulcbellum majua, 400 ; O. Rossi majus, 21 Oil seeds at Marseilles, 782 Omar Khayyam, Rose of, 746 Oncidium ampliatutn majus, 370 ; O. macranthum, 462; O. pulchellum, 104 Onion crop in 1893, 168 ; maggot, the 208, 630; the, as a perennial, 790 Onion, the Potato-, 11 Orange tree, a large, 179 Oranges, Suntara, 406 Orchard-houses, &c, 777 Orchards and rosaries, south and west, 745 Orchid cultivation in England and in Belgium, 41 Orchid-houses, the. 13, 42, 75, 106, 138, 171, 203, 233, 268, 302, 336, 370, 403, 434, 466. 498 530. 562, 594, 626, 658, 691, 722, 755,784, 810 Orchid roots, 748 Orchids at Clare Lawn, 266, 496 ; at Dr. Capart's, Brussels. 504 ; at High- bury, 329 ; at Kew, 366; at Lang- water, Mass., U.S.A., 508; at Mr. Cookson's, 266 ; at Northchurch, Berkhamsted, 556 ; at Oakwood, 229 ; at Parkfield, 329, 747, 589 ; at Pickering Lodge, 536 ; at Sunning- dale Park, 590; at the Botanical Gardens, Birmingham, 265 ; at the "Vineyard Nurseries, Garaton, 340 ; at Trent Park, 622 ; at Tyntesfield, 71 ; at Utrecht, 178 ; easily grown, 165; from Mr. W. M. Aopleton, 622; hardy terrestrial, 461, 496; new, at M. Ch. Vuylsteke's, 110; noteworthy, of 1894. 7 ; Sale at Pickering Lodge, 598, 629; South African, 71; special, of 1893. ..36 Ornithochilus fuscus, 655 Orphan Fund, Royal Gardeners', 18. 140, 204, 43S, 534, 564, 628, 631 Ortgies, Ed., jubilee of, as a gardener, 306 Osborne, memorial trees at, 21 O wner and tenant occupant, 402 Oxygen, vegetable life, and, 278 Oxford Botanic Garden, 725 Packing material, the new continental 790 Palumbina Candida, 810 Panax quinquefolia, 655 Pansies, a painting of, 143 Pansy, the, 780 Papaver umbrosum, 758 Parkfield, Orchids at, 590 Park Place Gardens, Henley - on - Thames, 728 Parks, a pocket lexicon for the, 406 ; public, at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 748 Passiflora alata, 18 Pasture, preparing in allotment for permanent, 506 Paulownia imperialis, 629, 631 Pavia macrostachya at Coombe Wood, 45 Peas, good early, 570 ; Chelsea Gem, 601 ; Sutton'fl Me.v Queen, 791 ; early, 146, 626, 699, 730; main crop, 74 ; in trenches, growing, 177, 178, 275 ; methods of sowing, 208 ; sown in pots, and planted out, 147 Peach-buds dropping. 169, 208, 275, 377, 407, 441, 442, 505 Peach culture, a failure in, 631 Peaches on the open wall, 633 Pear blossom to set, failure of. 570 Pear crop in Kent, 1893. ..105; scab, and the Bordeaux Mixture, 567 ; the Jargonelle, as a pictorial tree, 505 Pears in 1893, 136 ; market, 570 Peckham Rye Park, opening of, 629 Pelargoniums, zonal, winter-flowering, 105 Peloria in Lselia tenebrosa. 780 Pendell Court Gardens, 632 Penllergare, 10 Pentstemon Menziesii Scouleri, 760 Perfume in flowers, the production of, 438 Periodicals, list of gardening, 51 Peronospora viticola on Vine, 689 Peziza Willkommii, 307 Phaius Blumei var. asaamicns, 202 ; P. Owenianusx, 783 Phalsenopsis at home, the, 299 ; P. Aphrodite, a remarkable spike of, 237; P. Schilleriana purpurea, 266 ; P. tetraspis, 655 Phlox S. F. Wilson, 535, 601; P. lilacina, 630 ; P. the dwarf, 631 Phoenix canadensis, 404 Phormium tenax in Cornwall, 814 Phrynium sanguineum, 400 Phyllocactus, the culture of, 688 Phylloxera laws, 308 Physianthus graveolens, 731 Picea ajanensis, 6t»7 Pickering Lodge, Orchids at, 536 Picotees, 105 Pillmen in the pillory, 724 Pimeleas, the culture of, 40 Pine, an ancient, at Karasaki, 368 Pink Society, a proposed, 377 Pink, the Chinese, 75S ; the florists, 780 Pinus insignia, 21, 82, 144, 177 ; P., aud ornamental planting, 76 ; P. Monte- zumod, 273 Pithecolobium unguiscatum, 10 Plantations of Oak and Ash, 506, 535, 601 ; thinning, 170, 783 Plant nomenclature, confusion in, 730 Plant Portraits:— Abeiiatriflora, 727 ; Adiantum Clsesii, 727 ; ^Eschy- nanthus obconica, 16 ; Aerides Lawrenceas, 174 ; Aganisia lepida, 79 ; Allamanda Hendersoni, 567 ; Amorphophallus Elliottii, 501 ; Anthurium Leon Radziwiil, 18; A. Princess Lise Radziwill, 18; Apple Ben Davis, 727 ; A. Count OrlofT, 79 ; Ari8toloehia tricaudata, 174 ; Azalea indica, 727 ; Barringtonia samoensis, 173 ; Begonia scabrida, 501 ; Berberis Fremonti, 79 ; Big- nonia venusta, 567 ; Bougainvillea glabra, Sander's variety, 727 ; Braaaia Lawrenceana, 727 ; Bud- dleia Colvillei, 727; Calochortus amcanus, 727 ; Campanula excisa, 757; Canna Queen Charlotte, 375; Caraguata conifera, 757 ; Carnation Pride of Britain, 174 ; Cataeetum atratum, 79 ; C. Imachootianum, 174; Cattleya Acklandise var. Sal- VI The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [June 30, 1894. monea, 79 ; C. Eldorado Tar. Treyeranas, 174; C. Lord Roths- child, 567; C. Rex, 727; Cercidi- phyUum japonieum, ; Chrysan- themum Mdlle. Marie Cordonnier, 567 ; Chysis bractesceos, 727 ; Clematis graveolens, 567 ; Ccelogyne caprea, IS ; Cordvline lineata var. purpurascens, 375 ; Cypripedium Adrastus, 727 ; C. Aphrodite, 273 ; C. Claadii x , 79 ; C. X fasciaatam, 174 ; C. insigne Sanderas, 273 ; C. lo grande, 273; C. Latbamia- num X, 79; C. phillipinense, 174; C. Roebelina, 18; C. callosum San- deras, 727; C. superbiens, 471; C. Weathersianum, 79; C. Winifred Hollington, 568; JJendrobinm atro- violaceum, 273; D. Devonianum, 471 ; D. Earyalus, 727 ; D. sphegidi- glossum, 18 ; Dyckia Desmetiana, 173; Echinops ruthenicns, 375; Easagnus multiflora, 173; Epiden- drnm Elliai, 727; Eranthemum An- dersoni, 79 ; Erica verticillata, 375 ; Eri08temon densifolium, 727; E. liui- folium, 727 ; Erythroxylon coca, 16; Eacharis Lowii, 727 ; Ealopbiella Elisabethas. 18 ; Eulophia Warburg- iana,18; Gardenia Stanleyana, 174; Genm reptans. 568 ; Gladiolus oppo- aitiflorus, 727; Gynerium saccha- roides, 596; Helianthus lastiflorus, 727 ; Pnolidota seequitorta, 18 ; Hil- lia petrandra, 596; Hippeaatrum bra- chyandrum,338; Hydnophytum lou- giflorum, 338 ; Incarvillea Delavayi, 79 ; Ipomasa ternata Briggsii, 174 ; Iris Helenas, 568; Kalanchoe mar- morata, 16 ; Lachenalia aurea gigan- tea, 273 ; Lasliaanceps Schroderiana, 79 ; L. grandiB tenebrosa, 471 ; Lilium Lowi, 471; L. speciosum 'Opal," 273; Listostrachys Met- tenias, 18 ; Linaria macedonica, 306; Lonicera aemperBorens, 568; Lowia maxillarioides, 502 ; Luisia Griffithii, 18 ; Mamillaria barbata, 375 ; Maranta Fascinator, 568 ; M. majestica. 174 ; Maadevallia Chi- mera, 306 ; Maxillaria longipes, 18 ; M. Btriata, 79; Melittis melisBO- phyllum, 79; Mertensia virginica, 375; Muscan botryoides, 18; Nar- cissus Weardale Perfection, 568; Nectarine Early Rivers, 727 ; Nerine excellens, 79; Nidularinin innocenti, 568; Nymphasa Marliaceacarnea,79; Odontoglossum prionopetalnm, 7^; Oncidium macranthum, 471 ; 0. sarcodes, 79 ; Osteomeles anthylli- difolia, 568, 596; Pasonia Emodi, 174; Pear Alphand, 568; P. Benrre" Clairgeau, 375 ; P. Fertility, 375 ; P. King Charles of Wurtemburg, 174 ; P. Premicesde Marie Lesueur, 375 ; Pelargonium Drummondii, 338 ; Pentarhaphia longiflora, 173 ; Phaiua Cooksoni x, 79; Pleuro- thallis gelida, 18 ; P. Kiefersteini- ana, 18 ; P. Roezlii, 79 ; Phyllaga- tbia hirsuta, 375 ; Porphyroeoma lanceolata, 375; Prunushumilis, 16; P. orthosepala, 727; Ptychosperma elegans. 338 ; Ranunculus cortusas- foliua,306; Rodreguezia Lehmannii, 18; Rhododendron irroratum, 757; Saccolabium Wendlandianum, 18; Saintpaulia ionantha, 727 ; Sanse- viera Kirkii, 757; Sarraeenia vario- laris, 174; Sesbania punicea, 596; Sobralia xantholeuca, 16; Solanum muticum, 568; Sonerila orientalis Robert Sallier, 375; Spirasa Anthony Waterer,727; Strawberry The Czar, 568;Strept'icarpusDunnii,727; Stro- bilanthea Dyerianus, 727; Tigridia lilucfa, 568; Tephrosia macrantha, 727; Thornsonia nepalensis, 338; Thunbergia Harrisii. 568 ; Tricho- pilia Hymenantha, 79; T. Kienasti- ana, 18; Trichopus z^ylanicus. 502; Trillium grandiflorum, 306 ; Vanda teres Andersoni, 79; Veronica ano- mala, 757; V. cunresaoides, 601; V. lycopodioides, 173 ; Vigna Btro- bilophorat727 ; Zygopetalum Wailes- ianum, 727 Plants, new of 1893 ...7 Plants, New and Noteworthy, Describbd : — Aloe heteracantha, 620; A. striata, 5S8; Angrascum Fournierianum, 808 ; Autholyza Scuweinfurthii, 5S8 ; Aeplenium barbadense, 134 ; A. Guildingii, 70 ; Aspidiumnemoroaum, 134 ; Berberis Fremonti, 70; Bolbophyllum Hook- erianum, 685 ; Brachychilum Hors- fieldii, 652 ; Cattleya X Arthuriana, 102; Cypripedium X Anton Joly, 198; C. X Gravesias, 298 ; C.xMme. Jules Hye, 198 ; C. x Pandora, 230 ; C. x trlumphans, 198 ; Cyrtanthus O'Brienii, 716 ; Cyrtopera papillosa, 166 ; Dendrobium x Ainsworthii, Cypher's variety, 660; D. atro-vio- laceum, 112; D. Augustas Victorias, 374 ; D. crepidatum, Tring Park variety, 620 ; D. Wardianum pic- turn, 298; Gazania bracteata, 620 ; Gmelina hystrix, 746 ; Grammato- phyllum Gulielmi secundi, 374; Impatiens auricoma, 556; Laslia anceps var. Ashworthiana, 103; L. a. Hollidayana, 166 ; Las io- Cattleya x Pittiana, 264 ; L -C. x the Hon. Mrs. Aator, 230; Maxil- laria Sanderiana var. Fuerstenbergi- ans, 526; Megaclioium nummulana, 685; Miltonia x Bleuana nobilior, 366; Musa aurantiaca, 102: Mf- rosma nana, 652; Masdevallia nu- ailla, 166; Narcissus TrimoD, 230; Nephrodium baai attenuatum, 330; N. bibrachiatum, 230; N. grana- dense, 198 ; N. mmoatum, 264; Oncidium Sanderianum, 166 ; Phyl- lanthus (?) elongatus, 526 ; Pleuro- thallia maculata, 166 ; P. pergra- cilis, 166 ; P. nnistriata, 166 ; Poly- podium grenadense, 134; Polysta- chya Buchanani, 166 ; Prunus Wat- soni, 588; Ptychococcus paradoxus, 526 ; Rhododendron Maddeni, var. longiflora, 684; R. Schlippenbachii, 462; Saxifraga apiculata, 556; Scaphosepalum microdactylum, 166 ; Sobralia pumila, 166; Spirasa brac- teata, 746 ; Stenospermatium mul- tiovulatum, 684; Todea Moorei,526 ; Trichocentrum albiflorum, 166; Trichomanes fruticulosum, 71 ; Tro- chodendron aralioides, 716; Tulipa Sprengeri, 716 ; Vanda tricolor Lewisii, 494 ; Vitis Coignetias, 8 ; Weldenia Candida, 534 ; Widdring- tonia Whytei, 746 Plants, new or noteworthy, at Geneva, 778 Plants under glass, 12, 42, 74, 107, 139, 171, 202, 234, 268, 302, 337, 371, 402, 434, 466, 498, 529, 562, 595, 627, 659, 691, 723, 754, 784, 810 Plowright, lecture by Professor, 298, 334 Plum Reine Clande, 17 Plum trade in Bosnia, 278 Plums blooming on the young wood, 377 Poinciana Gilliesii, 72, 144 Poisoning from American Apples, the alleged, 341 Poisonous Apples, 270 Pollen, the coloration of, 180 Polyanthus Border Maid, 654; the gold-laced, 560 Polygonum Bachalinense, the culture of, 198, 208, 630, 726 Pomegranate tree, out-of-doors, 241 ; pruning of the, 208 Post OHice and rural industries, o41 ; sagacity, 788 Potato culture, 233, 432, 506 Potato crop, the, 730 Potato disease,727, 786; Potato-Onion, the, 11, 22, 279; se;s cut v. whole, 145 Potatos, 536; coloured, 699, 791 earh, 730, 789 ; frosted, 760 ; manure for,173 Pothos fi.-xaosus, differing leaves of, 526 Press Congress, first International, 237 Primroses, Mr. Wilson's blue, 474 Privet, the new Golden, 720 Prostanthera lasianthoa, 720 Protea cjnaroides, 591 Pruning newly-planted Apple trees, 341, 731 Prunus Davidiana, 277 ; P. divaricata at Kew, 398 Psychotria jasminiflora, 592 Pceris ludens, 786 Palmonaria saccharata, 760 Pyrus japonica as a hrdge plant, 720 ; P. Maulei, 752 Rain on plants, effect of, 142 Raleigh and hia introductions, 436 Ranunculus aconitifolius, fl.-pl., 689; R. acris, and skin irritation, 598 ; R. canus, 399 ; R. cortnsasfolius, 636; R. Lyalli, 629 Raspberry-moth, the, 661 Recreation grounds at Bedford and Willesden, 341 Renanthera coccinea in bloom, 272 Reunion, Vanilla in, 272 Rhapis humilis, 529 Rhododendron carnpaoulatum, 570; R. jasminiflorum roseum, 720; R. prascox, 242; R. Princess Wm. of Wurtemburg, 596 Rhododendron show on the Embink- ment, 788 Rhododendrons, 637 Richardia, a red-apathed, 701 ; R. Pentlandii, 590 R'chardias for profit, 631 ; in the Tranavaal, 178 Riley's, Professor, retirement, 693 Riviera, the past winter in the, 534 Rockville, Ferns at, 697 Rodgersia podophylla, 400 Roella ciliata, culture of, 558 Roots of Orchids, the, 748 Rosary, the, 38, 752 Rose, Augustine Guinoisseau, 300; fixtures for 1894, 757 ; garden in April, the, 463 ; the, 715 Rose of Omar Khayyam, 746 Rose notes, 700 ; prospects, 601 ; Rove d'Or, 753; season, the coming, 559; show fixtures, 305, 372. 438 Roses, after the winter, 329 ; and the National Society, 143; climbing, under glass, 367; hybrid perpetual and Tea, 168 ; in Scotland, 637 ; pruning, 300 ; selection of Tea, 656 ; stocks and soils for, 300 ; synony- mous, and the National Society, 238 ; Tea, a selection of 592 ; the longevity and toughness of, 731 Roupellia grata, 591 Royal Horticultural Society, 172, 204 Royal Horticultural Society's exami- nations, 533 Rubua deliciosus, 720 Rust in Wheat, 732 Rust, Mr., retirement of, 17 Salfoed pnblic paiks, 47 Sander, presentation tn Miss, 78 Saponaria ocymoides, 753 Saxifraga apiculata cordifolia, 591 ; S. luteo - purpurea, 267, 342; S. oppositifolia, vars., 267 ; S. Stracheyi, 760 Seal" insect, a new, 506 Schizostylis coccinea, .S2 School gardens, continuation, 759, 789 Scientific Committee: Alterna- ting gcneratiim, 634 ; American blight, &c, 241, 378, Aquilegia Stuartii, 634 ; Ash, coccid on, 572 ; Asparagus fasciated, 792 ; A/, ileus, diseased, 443 ; Beetle attacking Orchids, 378 ; Camellias, Azaleas, &c, diseased, 378 ; Cedar of Goa, 378 ; Coryanthes Wolfii, 634 Crinum capense, 634; Cypripedium with three lips, 572 ; Daffodil can do, what a, 506, Daffodils, basal rot in, 241 ; " Droppers " in Snowdrops, 792; Earwigs, 443; Hawthorn, precocious flowering of, 572 ; Horse- Chestnuts, cankered, 792 ; Iris iberica, 634 ; Ivies, 378 ; Juniper, the Bermuda, 507; Lilium candi- dum diseased, 792; Lily leaves diseased, 572 ; Monstrosities in Calceolarias, 7rf2; Narcissus, varie- gation iD, 507 ; Oranges absorb- ing of odoriferous vapours, 572; Oranges, Suntara and other, 506; Orchid tnber, leafy shoots from the base of an, 506 ; Pear, exfoliated bark in, 378; Pears, damaged by frost, 792 ; Photos from the Trans- vaal, 792 ; Polygonum leaves marked by frost, 792 ; Potato and sulphate of copper, 241 ; Primroses, " blue," 378 ; Primula capitata, the decay of, 241 ; Rhododendrons and Gaul- therias, injuries to leaves of, 634; R. from Sikkim, 634 ; R. Himalayan, 443; Root-galls, 378; Saxifragaluteo- parpurea (apiculata), 443, 506; Subterranean shoots, 443 ; Tri- folium subterraneum, 792 ; tubers, edible, 241 ; Tulip, abnormal. 443 ; Weir, Mr. Jenner, the late, 443, 506 ; Xyleborus morigerus, 378 Scilla and Chionodoxa, disease of, 463 Scilly, the flower trade of, 502 Scoliopus Bigelowi, 241, 267 Scolopendrium vulgare, aposporou1, 652 Scotland, shrubs and Rhododendrons flowering in, 567 Seakale, 336 ; sutuoitutes for, 309, 441 ; early, 209 Season in Switzerland, th?, 21 Seed trade, the, 71 Seeds, and artificial light, 145, 176; ger- mination of old, 406; vitality of, 470 ; the demand for, 534 Selenipedium X grande var. atratum, 692; S. X pulchellum, 104; S. Sar- gentianum, 781 Senecio doronicum, 689 ; S. grandi- folius, 267 ; S. sagittifolius, 535, 590 Shamrock, 439 Shanking of Grapes, 145, 176 Shortia galaci folia, 400 Shows and garden charities, 49 Shows, marking entry cards at, 789 Shrubs, early flowering, Mr. Paul on, 493 Sibthorpian professorship, the, 727 Sicana atro-purpurea, 340 Silk Tnssor, a new kind of, 180 Smoke, as a protection from frost, 263 Smoke v. frost, 731 Snowdrops, a monograph of, 374 Soils, firm, as against loose, 275, 407 Soils, plant food in, 654 Somerset, the flora of, 112 Species, the origin of, by hybridisation, 143 SOCIETIES: — Ancient Society of York Florists, 115; Antwerp International Horticultural, 668; Birmingham Bo- tanical, 541 ; Birmingham Horti- cultural, 346 ; Birmingham and District Amateur Gardeners' Asso- ciation, 207 ; Blackheath and Lew- ieham Horticultural, 46; Bourne- mouth and District Gardeners', 78 ; Brighton and Sussex, 443 ; Brussels <>rchide»nne, 111,237, 288,345,469, 791; Butley Tulip, 758; Cardiff Hor- ticultural, 110; Colchester Roae, 792; Crystal Palace, 378.603; Devon and Exeter Gardeners', 410 ; Dutch Hor- ticultural and Botanical, 471, 567, 693 ; Eastbourne Horticultural, 78 ; East End Horticultural, 207 ; Edin- The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [June 30, 1894. Vll burgh Royal Botanic, 241, 373, 507, 789; Ghent Royal Agricultural and Botanical, 46, 207. 374, 471, 75S ; Highgate and District Chry- santhemum, 305 ; Isle of Wight Horticultural, 726, 793 ; Linnean, 15, 110, 172. 236. 305, 373, 534, 596, 692, 724, 757, 813 ; Lon- don Pansy and Viola, 693, 764 ; Manchester Royal Botanic, 344, 634; National Auricula and Primula, 306, 539; Nat. Auricula, Northern, 573 ; Nat. Carnation and Picotee, 306 ; Nat. Chrysanthemum, 140, 241, 338, 438, 566, 604 ; National Rose, 786 ; Nat. Rose, Southern Section, 818 ; Newcastle Horticultural, 572; North of Scotland Horticultural and Arbo- ricnltural, 410, 697; Peeblesshire Horticultural, 443 ; Richmond Hor- ticultural. 306, S19 ; Royal Botanic, 236, 346, 507, 699 ; Royal Caledonian Horticultural. 476 ; Royal Horti- cultural. 83. 172, 204. 209, 342,408, 474, 533, 537, 663, 761, 815 ; Royal Horticultural Temple Show, 663; Royal Horticultural Society of Aberdeen, 111 ; Royal National Tulip, Southern, 174, 566, 603; Royal Oxford Horticultural, 792 ; Scottish Horticultural, 629 ; Scot- tish Pansy, 306 ; Shropshire Hor- ticultural, 17, 507 ; Southamp- ton Royal Horticultural, 634 ; Southern Pink, 503, 764 ; Stoke New- ington Chrysanthemum, 110, 406; Tadcaeter Paxton, 211, 340 ; Taun- ton Horticultural, 23-j ; Ulster Hor- ticultural, 111 ; Wilts Horticultural, 305; Wolverhampton Horticultural, 46 ; Yorkshire Gala, the, 46, 792 Spices, garbelling of, 365 Spirsea arguta, 569, 784 Sports, the origin of, 201 Sprnce, the late Richard, 173 Stachys tuberifera, 211 Stand Hall, Cypripediums at, 199 Stangeria paradoxa, 372; S. p. var. schizodon, 18 Stanhopea ecornnta, 687 Stocks, new, 104 Stocktaking, 46, 206, 374, 470, 598, 758 Straits Settlements, Annual Report of the Forests Department of the, 779 Strawberry, Emperor William, 727 ; S. Laxton's Noble, 789; prospects, 601; S. Royal Sovereign, 594; S. Scarlet Queen, 562 ; S., the origin of the cultivated, 758 Strawberries, early, 789 Streptocarpus Dyeri x , 590 ; S. Wend- landii, 590 Streptocarpuses, seedling, 432 Stylidium armeria, 720 Stylochiton maximus, 782 Sugar-cane disease in Barbados, 779 Sugar Maples, 237 Sunningdale Park, Orchids at, 590 Surveyors' Forestry Museum, 630 Surveyors' Institution, the, 78, 237, 272, 373 Swanley Horticultural College, 786 Syringa vulgaris, varieties of, 593 Syringe, a new, 406 Tea cultivation in the United States, 656 Tea in China, tablet, 340 Technical and secondary education in Surrey, 76 Technical education, 108 ; by the Cambs. County Council, 757 ; in Aberdeenshire, 693 ; in Dorset, 406 ; in the Isle of Wight, 726 Tecoma Smithii, 18, 438 Temperate zone, fruits and vegetables of the, 757 Temple Show, the, 660, 694 Testimonial epidemic, 724 Tetratheca ericoides, 536 Tetrathecas, the culture of, 494 Texas, a sunny home in the States, 791 Thunbergia laurifolia, 268 Thunias and Epidendrums at Messrs. Sander & Co.'s, 717 Tiarella cordifolia, 591 Timber trees, varieties of, 17 Tobacco leaves as an insecticide, 82 Tomato experiments, 751 Tomatos for profit, 199, 274; the raising of, 660 ; open air, 758 Toxicophlcea epectabilis, 209 Trade notes, 1893. 142 Trained fruit trees, extension of, 761 Transvaal, Richardias in the, 178 Travellers' notes, a, 38, 264, 399, 504, 557, 686, 718, 780 Tree, a lightning- struck, 815 Tree-guard, the Waverley, 309 Trees and shrubs, 720, 752, 784 ; hardy, 500 ; hardy ornamental, 48 ; the conference on, 112 Trees at Fulham, some rare old, 338 ; memorial, 628 ; the internal tem- perature of, 439 Trichocentrum tigrinum, 231 Trinidad Botanic Garden, 779 Trollius, 688 TulipaKaufmanniana, 379 Tulip Proserpine, 439 Tulips at Keir House, 637; florists', 654 ; in the Cambridge Botanic GardeD, 559 ; late flowering, 685 ; parrot, 630, 698 ; list of, 593 ; the green in, 506 Turnip-tops, 147, 177, 208 Turnips, forcing, 211 Tussor silk, a new kind of, 180 Tyntesfield Orchids the, 71 U Ulmcs plumosa aurea, 720 Universities, cultural science in the, 297 Utrecht, Orchids at, 178 Vanda teres, 687 Vanilla in Reunion, 272 Vanilla planifolia, the artificial ferti- lisation of, 693 Vaporiser, Richards', 406, 442, 474 Vegetable drugs, 721 ; products of, 72 Vegetables, and prices, 536 ; and the frost, 477 ; an American on English, 438 ; the relative value of exhi- bition, 441 Venidium calendulaceum, 721 Veitch, medallists, the, 756 ; memorial trust, 76, 789 Veitcb, Mr., and the Orchid Com- mittee, 405 Victoria, rates of carriage of fruit in, 237 Vilmorin, M. M. de, and the Legion of Honour, 534 Vine, a MexicaD, 10 ; borders, more about, 655 ; curious behaviour of a, 536 ; downy mildews of, 689 ; grow- ing, notes on, 230 ; stems, severe stripping of, 49 Vines, diseased, 208 bleeding treat- ment of, 698, 730, 759 ; rapid growth of, 632 Vineyard Nurseries, Hammersmith 660 Vineyards of Cumberland, N. S. W. Violet culture, 440 725 Viticulture at the antipodes, 175 Vitis Coignetite, 18, 44, 48, 375 Vuylsteke's, new Orchids at M. Ch.. 110 W Wasps, early, 113 Weather, and vegetation, the, 503 ; hard, in Lincolnshire, 49; in the North of Scotland, 661 ; in Sussex, the, 46; return of cold, 662; in Yorkshire, severe, 145 ; the mild, 17, 82; the recent wintry, 44; twent)- eight years', 142 Weigelas, the, 752 Weir, Jenner, the late, 443, 506 Weldenia Candida, 534 Weybridge, early flowering plants at, 241 Whampoa Bamboo, the, 559 Wbangee Cane, the, 559 Widdringtonia Whytei. 661 Williams' Memorial Medal, the, 205 Willingham fruit industry, 623 Wilts County Council, 439 Wiring flowers, 686 Wolverhampton Horticultural Society, 46 Wood management, 19, 81 Woodlands, our, 751 Woodlice in Cucumber-houses, 731 Woods, mixed, 402 ; paving, 40 Yadoo fibre, Chrysanthemums iD, 759 Yosemite Valley and its vegetation, 432 Yucca gloriosa, 304; at Nant-y-Glyu 340 Zyoopbtaldm crinitum, 590 Vlil Tlie Gardeners' Chronicle.] INDEX. [Jime 30, 1S94. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Acacia Baileyana, 37 ; A. podalyrii- folia, 39 Agapetee macrantha, 501 Allamanda, a fruit of, 633 Anadendrum medium, varying forms of leaves of, 527 Anemone fungus, 47S Apples, a fruitful branch of, 505 Araucaria Bidwillii, cone of, 465 Arieajma fimbriatum, 763 Arundinaria japonica, 239; A. Simoni, 301 ; A. Veitchii, 169 Auricula, Dr. Hardy, 5;9 B Bamboo, a distorted, 559 ; with oblique nodes, 561 Bambusa teesellata, 167 Beckett's extension Chrysanthemum cup and tube, 791 Bergen, park at, 81 Birthplace of the Mclntoshes, 201 Bland, J. E., portrait of, 146 Calceolarias malformed, 733 Calochortus elegans var. amcenus, 810 Cholmondeley Castle Gardens, llalpas, 589 Chrysanthemum, Jno. Noble, 15 Clarke, Col. Trevor, portrait of, 749 Ccelogyne Dayana, 695 ; C. Mossite, 401 Crinum Roozenianum, 199 Cynips aptera, 280 Cypripedium, Annie Measures, 657 ; C. GodefroyiE leucocheilum, ^815 ; C. Gravesis, 299 ; C. Klotzschianum, 625 ; C. Ma8tersianum. 593 ; C. X Winifred HollingtoD, 495 Dendrobium atro-violaceum, 113 ; D. chrysanthum, as grown at East- hamp8tead Park, 565 ; D. glomer- atum, 653; D. Pnalaenopsis var. Schroderianum, 339 Dracaana thalioides, 137 Elmet Hall, view in the gardens at, 533 Ervthronium giganteum var. albiflorum, 621 ; E. Hendersoni, 623 Eucryphia pinnatifolia at Coombe Wood, 109 Exacum maeranthuni, 331 Flowers, stemming and wiring, 6S6 Greenhouse, a travelling, 667 I Ingram, William, 50 Japanese flower-seller, a, 9 ; Pine tree, trained to represent sailing junk, 141 K Kent, A. H., portrait of, 749 Laeken, conservatory chapel at, 661 LaHia anceps var, Ashworthiana, 103 Lselio-Cattleya X Frederick Boyle, 80 J Ltelio-Cattleya X Pittiana, 265 ; L.-C. xThe Hon. Mrs. Astor, 231 Lagerstrcemia flos Reginai, 77 Larch disease, 307 Linden, M. Jean, 345 Loropetalum chinsnse, 343 M Margam Abbey, 135 Martin, Jas., portrait of, 749 Mclntoshes, birthplace of the. 201 Mildew, downy, on Vines, 689 Mushroom, malformed, 510 N Narcissus, a hybrid, 333 ; N. poeticus var. prajcox, 399 ; N. Trimon, 233 Nicholson, Geo,, portrait of, 749 Nymphaja gigantea as growing in the Lagoon in the Brisbane Botanic Garden, 205 Odontoglossum crispum var. apiatum, 375 ; O. elegans, 441 ; O. house at L'Horticulture Internationale, Brus- sels, 529 Oacidium Lacasianum, 497 Passiflora alata, fiuit of, 19 Pear bush in bloom at Coombe Abbey, 719 ; slug worm of the, 703 ; tree on wall with the spurs laid in on top of each shoot, 717 Peronoepora viticola, 689 Ptziza Willkommii, 307 Phaius Owenianusx, 787 Phoenix canadensis in the Public Gar- den, Madeira, 405 Phyllostflchvs Kumasaca, 369 ; P. Q>»- lioi, 431 ;" P. nigra, 369 ; P. viridi glaucescens, 433 Pine, gigantic, at Karaaoki, Japan, 367 Pinus Montezuma, 271; sections of, 275 Poinciana Gilliesi, 73 Ptsria ludens, 783 Rhododendron, Princesa William of Wtirtemburg, 597 ; R. Schlippen- bachii, 469 Rivers, T. F., portrait of, 749 Root-gall, caused by a fly. 280 Rust, Joseph, the late, 729 Santa Catalina, Grand Canary, garden at, 437 Saxifraga apiculata, 557 Scillaa, disease of, 463 Scoliopus Bigelowii, 267 Stlenipedium Sargentianum, 781 Tbi*ple show, a view taken at the, 694 Toxicophlcca spectabilis, 209 Tree guard and support, the Waverley, 309 Trochodendron aralioidea, 725 Vaporiser, a new, 407 Vine, inarching the, 337 Vines, downy mildew on, 689 W Waverley tree guard and support, 309 Agate potatorum, ploweuing in Palm House at Kew, May 19, Cypripedium grande, var. atratum, June 2. Gentiana acaulis, at Wisley, February 24. Jesmond Dene Park, view in, June 16, L^jlia anceps, a white, February 10, SUPPLEMENTARY ILLUSTRATIONS. Pavia macrostachya, at Coombe Wood, January 13. Saccolabium guttatum, June 80. Stangeria paradoxa, var. schizodon, March 24. Yucca gloriosa, at Nant Hall, March 10. No. 367.— Vol. XV. f Third 1 \ Sebies. J SATUEDAY, JANUAEY 6, 1894. fRegt. as a Newspaper. / PRICE 3d. [WITH SUPPLEMENT.} POST-FREE, 3Jd. CONTENTS. Agricultural Banks 16 Obituary — American blight iti Spruce. Richard 21 Anthuriums at Highbury, Orphan Fund, the Royal seedlings V Gardeners' Irt Book notice :— Passiflora alata 18 Flora of the Assyrian Penllergare 10 monuments 14 Pinus insigais 21 Botanical Magazine 16 Pithecolobium uoguis- Bulb, seed, and plant trade cata 10 employes 19 Plants, new or note- Chrysanthemum John worthy i — Noble 14 Vitis Coignetise 8 Chrysanthemums, A ne- Potato Onion, the 10 mone- flowered ... 10 Season in Switzerland, ,, late 10 the 81 ,, new 10 Shanking of Grapes 20 Commons, preservation of 16 Societies : — Cucumber growing 1» Linnean IS Egyptian gardenat Christ- Shropshire Horticul- mas, an 11) tural 17 Epilobium latifolium 10 Tree of Life, the 14 Exhibiting cut Chrysan- Vitis Coignetiee 18 themums 2i) Week's work, the — Japanese flower- seller, a . 9 Flower garden, the ... 13 Kew notes 18 Fruits under glass 13 Magnesium light, and Hardy fruit garden 12 plants 20 Kitchen garden, the ... 12 Manna 17 Orchid-houses, the 1.1 Mexican Vine, the 10 Plants under glass 12 Novelties of 1893 7 wood management 19 ILLU8TR ATION8, Chrysanthemum, Jno. Noble 15 Japanese flower-seller, a .. 9 Passiflora alata, fruit of .. 19 "GARDENERS' CHRONICLE." Continued Increase in the Circulation. Important to Advertisers. — The Publisher has the satisfaction of announcing that the circulation of the " Gardeners' Chronicle " has, since the reduction in the price of the paper, Increased to the extent of 75 per Cent. Advertisers are reminded that the " Chronicle" circulates among country gentlemen and ALL CLASSES OP GARDENERS AND GARDEN- LOVERS at home, that it has a specially large FOREIGN AND COLONIAL CIRCULATION, and that it is preserved for reference in all the principal Libraries. ADVERTISERS will greatly assist our efforts to get to Press earlier, by forwarding their favours as EARLY IN THE WEEK as possible. HC ANNELL and SONS' • SEEDS. Their Catalogue of the above will be sent post-free to all their friends and coming customers on application. Its value will surprise many, also the success of their Own Grown Seeds. It is a fact their superior quality increased our orders 2000 last season, absolutely proving they are better in every respect, and Five Silver Medals awarded at London Big Shows for Vege- tables confirm it, and with their mode of business, is evidently highly appreciated all over the World. FOR SALE.-OIL PAINTING, by E. Moira. Subject, " Camden Park, ChislehurBt, 1860." The various changes which Camden Estate has undergone since 1860 render this work of unusual interest. Offers invited. Can be seen by arrangement.— G. E., Gardeners' Chronicle Office 41 Wel- lington street, Strand, W.C. ENGLISH CYCLOPEDIA, Arts and Science, 8 vols., and 1 vol. Supplement. Also, NATURAL HIS- TORY, 4 vols, in two books, and Supplement, 2 vols, in one book by C. Knight. Over 16,000 pages, profusely illustrated. The ■whole same size, half leather bound, to be Sold cheap. — W. X Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington St., Strand, W C ' N' OW READY.— SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE in HORTICULTURE for 1894. SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1894 contains full particulars of the best Vegetables for the table, the best disease - resisting Potatoa, and the most beautiful Flowers. S^UTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1894 KJ is beautifully illustrated with numerous Engravings, Coloured Plates, and Photographs. Price Is , post-free; gratis to Customers, from SUTTON and SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING. Trade Price Current for 1891. PETER LAWSON and SONS, Limited, have posted their ANNUAL CATALOGUE of SEEDS to their customers, but if any have been inadvertently omitted, copies will be seat upon application. 1, George 4th Bridge, Edinburgh. BOX'S BEGONIA SEED.— For germination and quality of flowers superior to all others. Per packet, single mixed, Is. and 2s. 6d. ; larger packets, 55. ; double mixed, packets. Is. Qd. and 2s. 6rf. ; larger packets, 55. Sow now. Ask for PRICE LIST of Tubers, and Pamphlet on Culture. JOHN R. BOX, Seedsman and Begonia Grower, Croydon. ASPARAGUS of fine quality.— For Foroing : 5-yr. old, splendid roots, 12f. 6d. per 100 ; 6-yr. old, extra fine selected, 155. per 100. For planting: 3-yr. old, 25j. per 1000; do., selected, 35s. per 1000; 4-yr. old, 6s. per 100. All quotations are free on rail, and for cash with order. My Asparagus always makes the very top price at Covent Garden. J. J. CLARK, Market Gardener, Goldstone. Brighton. To the Trade W ATKINS and SIMPSON have posted their WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE for 1894 to all their customers. If not received, another copy will be sent on application. Seed Warehouse, 13, Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C. J JACKSON, 3a, The Crescent, Peckham • Rye, S.E., is open to receive Consignments of CHOICE CUT BLOOMS and FOLIAGE to SELL on COMMISSION. Boxes and Labels on application. To the Trade. NUTTING and SONS have posted their NEW TRADE CATALOGUE of SEEDS to all their Customers. If not received, oblige by notifying the same. 106, Southwark Street, London, S.E. Important to Mushroom Growers. CUTHBERT'S SPECIALITE MUSHROOM SPAWN. Always alike ; most productive. Hundreds of testimonials. Per bushel, 5s. R. and G. CUTHBERT, Seed, Bulb, and Plant Merchant, Southgate, N. Established 1797. SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands to select from. Write for LIST, free. P. MOABTHUR, The LondonNursery, 4, MaidaVale.London.W. w ANTED.— Lord Beaconsfield, Banmforth's Seedling, and Superlative RASPBERRY CANES. W. HORNE, Cliffe, near Rochester. WANTED, 2000 IRISH IVY, rooted trails. State lowest price. GARDENER, Ivy Cottage, Crayford Hill, Crayford, Kent.'" WANTED, ORCHID and Choioe WHITE BLOOMS, in large or small quantities, for Cash. Boxes supplied. MANAGER, Cumberland Park Nurseries, Willesden Junction. ANTED, good-established Early-fruiting PEACH and NECTARINE TREES for Early Peach- house. State lowest price. J. MADDOX. Bryn Glas. Newport. Mon. TO THE TRADE.— WANTED, Flowering Plants, in 48's, cheap for retail, Cinerarias, Bouvardias, Mignonette, Ericas, Lily of the Valley, and other Plants, Ferns, c —Particulars, &o., to ROBINSON, Florist, Halstead, Essex. M RASPBERRY CANES.— Norwich Wonder, Carter's Prolific, also Fastolf, well rooted. Not less than 500 canes of either sort supplied. ALBERT BATH. Vine Court, Sevenoaks, Kent. To the Trade. COOPER, TABER, and CO., Limited, have posted their GENERAL WHOLESALE CATALOGUE to all their customers. If not received, another copy will be sent on application.— 90, Southwark Street, London, 3.E. Special Trade Offer. WILLIAM ICETON has a magnificent Stock of the leading kinds ot PALMS, ARAUCARIAS, and FICUS, in small pots, to offer cheap. Areca Lutescens, Cocoa Wedd., Corypha Aug.. Phoenix rup , Latania borb., Kentiaa Fos. and Bel., Araucaria excelsa, Ficua elaatica, Dracsenas Lindenii and Doucetti. Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W. YATT'S PROLIFIC POTATOS for Sale, true, 60s. per ton. G. F. YOUNG, Swineshead Abbey, Boston. VINES.— Grand Fruiting and Planting Canes, extra strong, and well-ripened. A very low price to a large buyer. CUCUMBER SEED, Rochford variety, same as gave so much satisfaction last season ; per 100, 5s. 2d., poat free. A. A. BENNETT. F.R.H.S., Ashford Vineyard, Cobham, Surrey. CHRYSANTHEMUM CUTTINGS.-Gloria Mundi, Peter the Great, Elaine, Mona. Bernard, Source d'Or, Madame Desgrangea, Is. 6<£. per ]00. 12s. per 1000. Lady Lawrence, Garden des PlanteB, and Fulton, 2s. Gd. per 100, £1 per 1000. Roots to offer. CHIPPERFIELD, Florist, Hampton Hill, Middlesex. 300,000 STRONG ^RASPBERRY BATJMFORTH'S SEEDLING sample 100 6s. 6d. CARTER'S PROLIFIC ditto 4s. id. NORWICH WONDER and FASTOLF ditto 3s. 3d. Prices per 1000 on application. Special quotations to large buyers. R. H. BATH, Osborne Farm, Wisbech. ORCHIDS. — Many rare and choice Cattleyas, Oypripediums, Dendrobiums, Odontoglossums, &c, always in stock. Inspection invited. Please write for LIST. W. L. LEWIS AMD CO., F.R.H.S., Chase Side, Southgate, London, N. Prize Cob Filberts. MR. COOPER, Western Elms, Reading (late of Calcot Gardens), is the largest grower of Prize Cob Filberts in the Kingdom ; 20,000 fine young Trees now ready for Sale. Pamphlets and Price Lists on Application. Covent Garden Market. CHAS. E. COOPER, Wholesale Florist and Commission Salesman, 33, Russell Street, Covent Garden, and 370, New Flower Market, W.C, is open to receive consignments of choice Cut Flowers, Ferns, Foliage, &c. Also the Provincial Trade supplied at market prices. For terms and further particulars, apply as above. Price List on applica- tion. Telegrams, " Lapageria, London." Bankers, The National Bank, Limited, Charing Cross Branch. HORTICULTURAL SHEET GLASS. Stock Lists and Prices on application. GEORGE FARMILOE and SONS, Lead, Glass, Oil, and Colour Merchants, 34. St. John St., WestSmithfield, London. J WEEKS & Co., Horticultural Builders • to Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, H.M Government, Admiralty Dept., War Dept., Royal Hort. Soc., Royal Botanic Soc., Parka and Public Buildings, Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers, King'sRoad, Chelsea, S.W. THOMSON'S VINE and PLANT MANURE. — This Manure can be had as formerly from all Nurserymen and Seedsmen, under Analysis by the Edinburgh City Analyst. Agent for London:— Mr. J. GEORGE, 14, Redgrave Road Putney, S.W. Agent for the Channel Islands :— Mr. J. H. PARSONS, Market Place, Guernsey. Sole Makers:— WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Ltd., Tweed Vineyard, Clovenfordf. Price Lists and Testimonials on application. THE GAltDENEBS* CHRONICLE. [January C, 1894. SALES by AUCTION . Wednesday Next. A Collection of well-grown Dwarf-trained and Pyramid FRUIT TREES. Hardy Ornamental SHRUBS and TREES, BORDER PLANTS. LILIUMS from Japnn, DUTCH BULBS and LILIUMS, Specimen PALMS, a quantity of Earthenware Rustic FLOWER VASES, POTS, BOXES, &c. ; SPIRJE1S, LILY OF THE VALLEY, BEGONIAS, GLOXINIAS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S. King St., Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, January 10, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. An IMPORTATION of 15,000 LILIUM AURATUM and other LILIES in the finest possible condition, just received direct from Japan ; TUBEROSES, BEGONIAS, GLOXINIAS, DUTCH BULBS ant LILIUMS, 2000 SPIR.EA, 1000 DIELYTRAS, Choice GLADIOLI, 3000 LILY of the VALLEY Crowns and Clumps, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, Jan. 11. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. VALUABLE IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, January 11, at half- past 12 o'Clocfc precisely, an Importation of 5 Cases of CATTLEYAS 'probably Mendelii), just received direct, a Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, some in Flower and Bud, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday Next. GREAT UNRESERVED SALES OF DUTCH BULBS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C.. on the above days, large consignments of first-class HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, NARCISSUS, and other Bulbs, from Holland, lotted to suit large and small buyers. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. , Wednesday Next 15,155 LILIUM AUR4.TUM, contents of 210 cases just to hand, from Japan, in fine condition; also 50 AZALEA INDICA, and 50 CAMELLIAS in Bud ; 100 PALMS in variety, from Belgium; 50 AMARYLLIS SEEDLINGS, 000 A. EQUESTRtS, 400 PANCRATIUM FRAGRANS, BEGONIAS in variety, 200 Dwarf ROSES, 100 Standard ROSES, 6000 LILY OF THE VALLEY Berlin Crowns, DIELYTRAS, IRIS SUSIANA, CARNATIONS and PICO- TEES, SPIR.12A COMPACTA MULTIFLORA, 50 lots of GREENHOUSE FERNS, and 80 TREE FERNS. CYATHEA CUNNINGHAMI, just received from New Zealand. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on WEDNESDAY' NEXT, January 10. at 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues hsd. Friday Next, January 12. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, anuary 12, at half-past 12 o'clock, by order of Messr° SAKDER&Co.,St. Albins, valuable IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, among which will be found the grand new type of ONCIDIUM JONESIANUM VAR. SUPERBUM. The New CYRTOPODIUM VIRESCENS. CATTLEYA SPECIES from a New Source, Never before Collected over. The rare and beautiful SPATHOGLOTTIS VIELLARDJJ. CATTLEYA SPECIES ( GU ATE M A LE N S IS ? ) . Thn rare DENDROBIUM D'ALBERTISI. Strong Plants of the great Elephant Moth Dendrobe DENDROBIUM PHAL^ESOFSIS SCHRODERIANUM. CATTLEY/A LEOPOLDI PERNAMBUCENSIS PERISTERIA ASPERSA VARS. ZYGOPETALUM GRAMINIFOLIUM, A grand lot of a newly-imported Oncidium, which is no doubt the rare and beautiful ONCIDIUM MARSHALLIANUM, in fine condition, many of the plants having truly remarkable bulbs. CYPRIPEDIUM ROTHSCHILDIANUM, splendid plants EPIDENDRUM OINNABARINUM. CCELOGYNE PANDURATA. CYPRIPEDIUM EXUL DENDROBIUM LEECHIANUM. DENDROBIUM NOBILE COOKSONIANUM. A magnificent lot of the Lang-tang Mountains variety of DENDROBIUM NOBILE, the grandest ever imported. CCELOGYNES.LYOASTES, SCHOMBURGKIAS, L/T3LIAS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. TueBday. January 16. -Special Sale. 2000 various LILIES. 4000 LILIUM AUKATUM, extra fine • JfA^T^JSISfS?118' Mtra «°e: 500° Hybr d GLADIOLI, 40 0 BEGONIAS. 2000 SPIH.KAS &c T1ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS = , \ W'U 2?LL, £"^bove b* AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68,,Cheapside, London.'E.O on TUESDAY January 16, at 12 o'clock. ■ ' "™A"' Blackheath, Kent. (Three minutes' walk from Blackheath Station.) By order of the Executors of the late BRYAN DONKIN. Esq. MESSRS, PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Eastnor House, Blackheath, S.E., on WEDNESDAY, January 17, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the whole of the ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, consisting of Odontoglossum Alexandras, O. graude, O. Edwardii, O. nebulosum album, Oncidium macranthum, Dendrobium nobile nobilius, D. Ainsworthii, D. Phalrenopsis Schrodera?, Cypri|:edium Rothschildianum, C. Druryi. C. Elliottianum. C. selligerum, and others. CYMBIDIUM GIGANTEUM, fine plant ; Augrrecums, Vandas. Cattle) as, Masdevallias, Ccclogynes, Zygopetalums, Laslias, Grammato- phyllum Seegerirnum, Vanda Sanderiana, Phalffinopsis of sorts, and many other choice Orchids in variety, together with the STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including Eucharis, Davallias, Camellias, Azaleas, Lapagerias, Callas, Amaryllis. GARDEN ROLLER, MOWING MACHINE, FLOWER POTS, GARDEN TOOLS, &c. May be viewed the day prior and morning of Sale. 'Catalogues can be obtained on the Premises of Messrs. STREET, POYN- DER and WHATLEY, Solicitors, 27, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C. ; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Bagshot, Surrey. HIGHLY IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE, Held in consequence of the Death of the late Mr. John Waterer, with the concurrence of the Executors. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the cele- brated Bagshot Nurseries, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, February 14 and 15, commencing at 12 o'clock precisely each day, several Acres of NURSERY STOCK, grown to the greatest perfection, and exceedingly well rooted. Lotted to suit the Trade and other large Buyers. Fuller particulars will appear. By order of the Exors. of the late J. C. Bowrlng, Esq. IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of the celebrated Forest Farm COLLECTION OF ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, TVfESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are A'-i- favoured with instructions to SELL bv AUCTION early in the Spring, at their Central Sale Rooms/67 and 68, Cheap- side. London, E.C, the entire Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS formed by the late J. C. Bowring, Esq., who, for a period of thirty years has [been a successful grower. The plants generally are in fine condition, and include the follow- ing items : — Pha'ssnopsis (the whole of which are in splendid health) tetraspes speciosa var. Imperatrix, violacea Bowringeana (several), violacea, Schrodera?, Stuartiana, Schilleriana, amabi- lis, grandiflora, Lowi. roseum, and others ; Thrixpermum Eerk- leyii and unguiculatum, Angnecums (several species) ; Vanda Sanderiana (fine plant), Vanda Batemania; (a remarkable spe- c lmen with several growths). Ccerulea (grand plant with sixteen growths), fine pieces of suavis and tricolor ; Aerifies Sanderiana and Lawrenceana ; Grammatophyllum Ellsi, Onci- dium lanceanum (fine healthy plant). A large assortment cf healthy Cypripediums, including a batch of undowered seed- ling hybrids; also Winnianum, Lathamianum, Leda (Rolfe), unique, selligerum majus, amandum, Morganire, Pauli. Dru- ryii, Sallied Hyeanum, Measuresianum, and others; Dendro- bium Leechianum. splendidissum grandiflorum, transparens album, Gnffithianum, Boxalli, Falconeri (fine specimen), superbiens. Goldei ; Arundina bambuscefolia (splendid plant), Sobralia xantholeuca.lLycaste Skinnerialba, Ccclogyne Dayana grandis, Odontoglossum laeve, Epidendnim Stamfordianum, Laalia purpurata (many fine pieces), Cattleya Meudeli, aurea, Tnantc, Gaskelliana and Bowringiana; Lrelia anceps, nivalis, and other white varieties, grandis tenebrosa ; Sobralia «p»cies alba (true), with eight bulbs; Cattleya Rex, undowered, from Linden s importation ; Cypripedium cenantkum superbum, fine plant ; Sobralia xantholeuca, fine plant.with nine growths ■ Cypripedium Ashburtonin? expansum Cooksonii ; ditto macrop- terum (rare)Lowi Xsuperbiens.with two growths ; Lndia autum- nalis Fostermanni (true), with seven bulbs ; Dendrobium nobile Cooksoni; ditto nobile nobilius; Cypripedium orpha- num, with two growths; ditto polystigmaticum, with five growths ; ditto regale, fine piece, &c. No Plants will be sold prior to the Auction. Catalogues when ready may be had of the Auctioneers and Valuers, b7 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C. WANTED, to RENT, 400 feet or more of ™ GLASS of modern construction, for growing Tomatos Chrysanthemums, &c, within 20 miles of London. No Stock Address TODD, Queen's Road, Thames Ditton. WANTED to RENT, a SMALL "~NUR- v„t- t SE?Yo »„' t'"n J??9y reach o£ Covent Garden. — Particulars to B. M., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. rVO LET, a NURSERY containing 10 Houses J~ about 12.000 feet of Glass, in good working order, suitable for Cucumbers. Tomatos, &c, with Office, Coach-house, Stabling &c.-,n all, about an aero of Land.-G. C, Carnarvon House, Acton Lane, Chiswick, W. Abbey Wood. Under a DEED of ASSIGNMENT. IMPORTANT to FLORISTS, FRUIT, and PLANT GROWERS MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by tender, as a going concern, the beneficial INTEREST in the LEASE of the Market Nur Moulds 67 & 69, Cheapside, London, E.C. G C Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti- culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow Them, apply to SANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest stock of Orchids in the World.— 30 minutes from St. Pancras. ROS COLMAR. — Good Planting Canes, Is. id. each. Cash with Order. P. EOULTON, Beechenlea Nursery, Swanley, Kent. nPOMATOS— Young plants, best varieties, 6s. J- per 100.— Cash with order. JOHN HORSEFIELD, Nurseryman, Hampton-on-Thames. CUCUMBER SEED.— A Gentleman's Gar- dener has some Lo:kie's Perfection (True) for Sale. 50, post-free, 2s. ; 100, 3s. 6d. WM. COMPTON, Lambley, Nottingham. H O I C E GERMAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. RQiMER, Seed Grower. Quedlinburg, Germany. pHRYSANTHEMUM CUTTINGS.— Elaine, \J Duchess of Teck, Hero of Stoke Ncwington, Is. 3d. per 10), 12s. per 1000 ; Madame Lacroix, 2s. 6a!. per 100. Mr. W. CLARKE, Milton, Northampton. ^0 000 EUONYMUS, Green and Golden, ts\Ji\J\J\J all splendid bushy plants.— GREEN : 12 in. to 15 in., at 30s. per 100; 15 in. to 18 in., at 40s. per 100; 18 in. to 21 in., at 55s. per 100; 21 in. to 24 in., at 75s. per 100 ; 30 in. to 40 in. at special prices. GOLDEN : 5 in. to 12 in, at 3s. to Ss. per dozen. Cash with order. J. J. CLARK, Goldstone, Brighton. T-f AST LOTHIAN STOCKS.— Now is the time -L' to Sow FORBES' CELEBRATED STRAIN, in six distinct sorts, viz. : Crimson, Purple, Scarlet, White, Crimson- Wallllower-leaved, and White Wallflower-leaved, each sort. Is., 2s. 6rf., and 5s. per packet. Catalogues free. JOHN FORBES, Nurseryman, Hawick, Scotland. SPECIAL OFFER.— Rollisson's Telegraph CUCUMBER SEED, the best for all purposes, 50 for Is. Id., 100 for 2s., cash with order. S. BARRATT, Cucumber Grower, Radcliff-on-Trent, Notts. HPO BE SUCCESSFUL in Growing Flowers J- and Vegetables to perfection, vou must have " DOB- BIE'S CATALOGUE AND COMPETITOR'S GUIDE " as your i onstant companion. " I thank you for your excellent and practical Guide, which is the best I ever had." A speci- men of hundreds of testimonials. The book is ready now. It consists of nearly 200 pages, and is sent free by post for 4d. Please apply early if you want to be sure of getting a copy. DOBB1E and CO., Florists and Seed Growers to the Queen, Rothesay, Scotland. To Nurserymen, Builders, Local Boards, Vestries, &c. AND OTHERS WHO INTEND PLANTING TREES and SHRUBS THI3 SEASON. ROBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road. Wandsworth, S.W., begs to offer an extensive stock of FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS ROSES, GRAPE VINES, FRUIT TREES, CLIMBING PLANTS, &c, which being grown in the neighbourhood of London are especially suitable for Town Planting. Alsoalarge stock of extra fine SEAKALE and RHUBARB, for forcing. CATALOGUES free on application. pALADIUM BULBS, mixed, extra large, V/ good sorts, 6s. to 9s. per doz., to clear. GLOXINIA BULBS, choicest strain, including Defiance (scarlet), Corona, Emperor Frederic, and finest spotted va- rieties, good bulbs, 9s. to 12s. per doz. ; good mixed, at 6s. per dozen. BEGONIA BULBS (Single), for bedding or pot culture, fine strain, 4s. per doz., 20s. per 100. The above Bulbs sent free for cash with order. ARALIA SIEBOLDII, grand plants, in 4S's, 6s. per doz. ; in 60's, 3s. per doz., 20s. per 100. Free on rail, cash with order. J. LION, Park Nursery, Stanmore. Middlesex. FERNS ! FERNS ! ! and DECORATIVE J- PLANTS.— Trade Ferns, in 2J inch pots, Slove and Greenhouse, 30 best selling sorts, 12s. per 100 ; Stores, 6s. per 100 ; large ditto, in 48's, 10 best selling sorts, 6s. per dozen. Adiantum cuneatum, in 48's, for cutting (value in fronds), 6s. and 8s. per dozen ; ditto, for making large plants quickly (bushy), 16s. and 20s. per 100. Aralias, Grevilleas, Solanums, Cyperus, in 48's, 6s. per dozen. Ficus, Palms, Dracffinas, Erica hyemalis, and Cyclamen, Is. each. Beat (Trade) Value, packed free, Cash with Order.— J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries, Loughborough Junction, London, S.W. PALMS, FERNS, &c— KENT1AS, fine, in 48's, 12s. per dozen; six sorts of PALMS, in 48's, 9j. and 12s. per doz. ; Large KENTIAS, in 60's. 5s. and 6s. per doz. ; eight sorts of PALMS, in 60's, 4s. and 5s. per doz. ; do. in large thumbs, ,'ls. per doz., 20s. per 100 ; ARALIAS, in 48's, 5s. and 6s. per doz.; twelve best sorts of FERNS, 12s. per 100; ASPARAGUS PLUMOSUS NANUS, 6s. per doz. ; variety of FERNS in 48's, 5s. & 6s. per doz. Free on rail. Cash with order LANE AND MARTIN, 227, Brixton Road, London, S.W. (CLEARANCE SALE 61? BULBS, ^ AT REDUCED PRICES. Bulbs for Spring and Summer Flowering. HYACINTHS, DAFFODILS, POLYANTHUS NARCISSI, TULIPS, SNOWFLAKES, CHIONODOXAS, GIANT SNOWDROPS, &c. Clearance Price List, free on application to BARR and SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, Loudon. Januaby 6, 1894.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. CATTLEYA TRIAN^E. Just to hand, per s.s. Para, a superb lot, in magnificent order, plants being of medium size, and beautifully leaved, with eyes dormant. ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI Our Collector writes that this lovely Orchid is fast becoming exhausted in its native habitat, and he has experienced very great difficulty in finding such a fine consignment as those ije now offer. VANDA CCERULEA. Splendid importation from same localities as our last, from which have flowered so many grand forms. Mr. Boxall writes:— "The colour of the Vanda is simply splendid." INSPECTION RESPECTFULLY INVITED. HUGH LOW & CO., Clapton Nursery, London, N.E. All Flower 4" Vegetable SEEDS are supplied post-free, and arrive within tea days after receipt of order. CHR. LORENZ, Now Ready, The ENGLISH EDITION of LOKENZ'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, With MOKE than Two Hondeed Beautiful Engravings and Exact CULTUBAL DlBECTIONS. Gratis and Post Free on application. THE LARGEST AND OLDEST GERMAN SEED HOUSE, ERFURT. Postage for Letters to Germany, 2\d. ; Postcards, Id. Before you order your SEEDS FOB THE SPRING, read The ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, For Owners of Gardens, and Amateurs, of the Largest and Oldest Seed House on the Continent, and you will BUY your SEEDS much CHEAPER than from Any Other Firm. CHR. LORENZ, SEED GROWER and MERCHANT, Seedsman by Special Warrant to H.M. the Empress of Germany, H.M. the King of Saxony, H.M. the King of Bavaria, H.M. the King of the Netherlands, H.M. the King of Roumania, H.M. the King of Servia H.R.H. the Grand Duke of Hesse, H.H. the Duke of Anhalt. 100-103, JOHN STBEET ERFURT, GERMANY. WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE. We have now published our Wholesale Catalogue of VECETABLE& FLOWER SEEDS Containing also the best Novelties of the Season, MAY BE HAD ON APPLICATION. Any of our Customers not having received one by post will oblige by letting us know, when another shall at once be posted. WATKINS&SIMPSON, BULB AHD SEED MERCHANTS, EXETER ST., STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Seed & Trial Grounds— Feltham & Twickenham, Middlesex. COVERT PLANTS-COVERT PLANTS. EVEROtREEN PRIVETS, 2 to 3 feet, at 21s. per 1000. SNOWBERRY, 3 to 4 feet, at 30s. per 1000. GORSE, 1 to 2 feet, at I5s. per 1000. SCARLET DOGWOOD, 2 to 3 feet, at 15s. per 100. All stout transplanted plants. JOHN PERKINS & SON, 52, MARKET SQUARE, NORTHAMPTON. NOTHING NOTHING is too small. is too much trouble. The Trade Supplied. E. D. SHUTTLEWORTH $ CO, Ltd., {Albert Nurseries) PECKHAM RYE, LONDON, 8.E., and FLEET, HANTS. CHARLES SHARPE & CO. Seed Growers — Seed Merchants Cultivateurs — Marchands Grainiers Samenculture — Samenhaiidlung. TRADE CATALOGUES IN ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN. SLEAF0RD, ENGLAND LUCIEN LINDEN'S WORKS ON HORTICULTURE, PUBLISHED IN THE FRENCH .LANGUAGE. LES ORCHIDEES EXOJIQUES ET LEUR CULTURE EN EUROPE. La culture Beige devoid ! Traite complet consacre- a la cultare des principals merveilles de la Flore tropicale, 800 pages de texte, grand in 8°, nombreuses gravures dans et hors texte, sera mis en vente en Mars prochain. 20s. (25 francs) l'exemplaire. L'lLLUSTRATION HORTICOLE. Transformed k partir de 1894, en un nouveau Journal populaire de 1' horticulture danstoutes sea branches, paraissant le 15 et le 30 de chaque mois. Journal illustrS de tons les progres horticoles, le pins complet et le meilleur marche de tons ceux publics en langne Franchise, 24 numeros par an, 24 magniflques planches colorizes, grand in 8°, 384 pages de texte, nombreoses gravures. 12s. (15 francs), par an, pour toute l'union postale. LE JOURNAL DES ORCHIDEES. Guide pratique de culture paraissant le ler et le 15 de chaque mois. 16 pages de tezte par numero, gravures, public aveo la collaboration de 50 Orchidophiles de tous les pays. 8s, (10 francs) par an pour toute l'union postale. LA LINDENIA. Iconographie des Orchide'es ouvrage de'die' au grand Botaniste Esplorateur J. Linden. 4 grandes planches adimrables executes par numero, parait tous les mois. Editions separees en langue franchise et en anglais. Prix sur demande. Tf*tJ!T!J.r - P in)the Ll"iin\a >9 remarked by all who are qualified to Rive an •• LindmS&a one of the books which are indispensable to every serious student aa I note too that the crimson and nurnle colours. wh,vb it. ;« .r.H;flR^„u *■« „;,.., ,•„ „ .5.... .* ^-.l-j. __ *£_ -., __* ,,_.:_j „„, — ;nnii^ - "The opinion, ana Inote too that the crimson and purple colours.'which "it 7s so difficult' to rivTiVa picfoir*e come out to the life in the Lindenia and what is of equal importance they do not fade as they do in most other publications which give coloured plates of Orchids. — James O'Brien Oct 2 1893 ON SOUSCRIT AUX BUREAUX: 100, RUE BELLIARD, of Orchids, and will naturally find aplace in all botanical and horticultural libraries; the beauty of the illustrations and their fidelity to Nature commend it to all lovers of handsome books."— Garden and Forest. Dec. 20, 1893. BRUXELLES. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jantjaby 6, 1894. To the Trade. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— When you are in London, it will be well worth your time to pay a visit to Albert Nurseries. Peckham Rye, S.E. ; or Fleet, Hants. You can make your notes, and have a business look round, combined with an outing ; you will not be worried to order. E. D. SHUTTXEWORTH AND CO., Ltd., Awarded Silver-gilt Flora Medal by the Royal Horticultural Society; also Gold, Silver-gilt. Silver, and Bronze Medals, Prizes, and Certificates at other Firstclass Shows. Our specialty— really good stuff grown for the Trade. ^ H. CANNELL & SONS' SEEDS. Their Catalogue of the above will be sent post free to all their friends and coming customers on application. Its value will surprise many, also the success of their OWN GROWN SEEDS. It is a fact their superior quality inoreased our orders 2000 last season, absolutely proving they are better in every respeot, and Five Silver Medaxs awarded at London Big Shows for Vegetables oonfirm it, and with their mode of business is evidently highly appreciated all over the World. THE FOLLOWING ARE A PROOF :- N. NAKJUM)AIYA, Goveri ment Central Press, Bangalore, East Iodies, December 13, 1893. I have heard from so many how well your Seeds do out here, send me the enclosed. G. D. COUSINS, Esq.. Norton Villa, Norton, Malton, December 30. 1893. I have so often heard my friends speak fo highly of your Seeds, that I shall be glad if you will kindly send me your Catalogue. SWANLEY, KENT. QUICK, ENGLISH WHITE THORN.— 4,000 four years old and 14,000 five years old, both trans- planted. Height of four years old 38 inches. The 14,00) has been cut off ; all strong and healthy, 18s. per 1000, free on Rail at Lynn Docks, G.E.R.— Apply to the NORFOLK ESTUARY COMPANY, 20, Whitehall Place, London, S.W. Old-Fashloned and Garden Roses. GEO. COOLING and SONS' ROSE CATA- LOGUE contains a full list of Old-Fashioned and Decorative Garden Roses, and a beautiful Coloured Plate o£ the Copper Austrian and other Briars. It will be forwarded post-free on application. A Silver Medal was awarded to G. C. & Sons for their collection of Old-Fashioned Roses at the Temple Show of the Royal Horticultural Society, and nume- rous prizes and Certificates throughout the season. The Nurseries, Bath. WINTER -FLOWERING CARNATIONS. — Miss Joliffe Improved, best flesh pink, Autumn struck Cuttings, 4s. 6rf. per dozen, 15s. per 100. Cash with order.— CRANE and CLABKE, The Nurseries, March, Cambs. Chrysanthemums. — Chrysanthemums. TO MARKET GROWERS and OTHERS,— The four best kinds for Market : President Hyde, best yellow; Florence Percy, best white; Source d'Or, best bronze, the prevailing eolour ; Cannell'a Elsie, best cream. My salesmen have repeatedly returned me as much again per box for the latter two sorte over all others. Splendid strong Cuttings, 2s. 6d. per 100, by Parcel Post. Also the following, at Tery low prices : — Lord Canning, splendid late white; Lacroix, Molyneux, Sunflower, Rocher. Florence Davis, Eyns- ford White. Beauty of Exmouth, and a host of others. Strong cuttings, true to name.— W. CONNELLY, Lyme Regis. WATER SUPPLY FOB Gardens and Greenhouses. NO SKILLED SUPERINTENDENCE, OR DANGER. THE "RIDER" HOT-AIR ENGINE Raises 1000 gallons 80 feet high for an expendi- ture of ONE PENNYWORTH of Fuel. Cbanston's Nubsebies say : sorry to be without it now." - " We should be very SOLE MAKERS:— HAYWARD TYLER & CO., Address : 39, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C. THE QUEEN OF WHITE SWEET PEAS, " Emily Henderson." A GLORIOUSLY beautiful acquisition of American origin. Abso- lutely pure white, as clear as alabaster and as lustrous as satin. The flowers, of remarkable substance, are borne on long stiff peduncles, are extra large, with broad round standards that stand up boldly without reflex or curl. The plants are robust, compact and branching, producing such a prodigal abundance of flowers, that the plants appear as if covered with snow. From one plant, specially cultivated, we have cut in one season the seemingly incredible number of 1035 sprays of bloom. In earliness, it outrivals all competitors by nearly two weeks, and continues a veritable " cut-and-come-again " to the end of Autumn. The fragrance is most delicious and distinct. For forcing' under glass it is particularly adapted. CAN BE PROCURED (in the original sealed packets of the introducers) FROM THE LEADING seedsmen of GREAT BRITAIN AND THE CONTINENT. Price, ( Per packet {about jo seeds). . \ Per ounce (about joo seeds). 6d. rthTffrfnTI I The EMILY HENDERSON Sweet Pea can be had UdULlUlI I true this year only in the original packets and ounces, sealed with the " red trade mark " label of the introducers, which protects you, your seedsmen and ourselves, as we have reason to believe that other whites will be foisted on the market this season as the "Emily Henderson."— PETER HENDERSON & CO., New York, U. S. A. Janoart 6, 18'J^.j THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. ROSES.— The finest varieties in cultivation. The best Trees in commerce. For trees worth any three of the scrubs often distributed ; for large, bushy well-ripened trees with abundant roots ; for trees in the pink of condition ; for the cream of Koses, choicest offspring of the Eosarian's skill and love. Send for list and sample dozen, to WILL TAYLER. Hampton, Middlesex. ISAAC MATTHEWS and SON have for immediate disposal as follows, all of first-class quality, in full health and vigour : — RHODODENDRONS, White, full of buds. ,, Scarlet and other varieties, full of buds. „ Hybrid Seedlingsand Ponticum varieties, from 1 to 4 feet, at remarkably low prices, all bushy fine plants. PRIVET, Oval- Leaf, from 2 to i feet, fine; ASH, Common, and MOUNTAIN BEECH ; HAZEL, HORSE CHEST- NUTS, ELM. LARCH, AUSTRIAN PINE, POPLARS (various), EVERGREEN PRIVET, THORN QUICK, SCOTCH FIR, SPRUCE, SYCAMORE, and WILLOWS, all good, well-grown Trees, from 1J to 4 feet, and upwards. ROSES, AUCUBAS, BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, BOX, CUFRESSUS, DOGWOOD, GOLDEN ELDERS, HOL- LIES, IVIES, LAURELS, RETINOSPORAS, English and Irish YEWS, AZALEAS (various), and many other varie- ties. For Price List, apply to — The Nurseries, Milton, Stoke-on-Trent. BURMESE LILIES. HUGH LOW & CO. Have just received, per s.-s. Yorkshire, a grand Consignment of L. NEPALENSE and L. SULPHUREUM (WALLICHIANUM SU- PERBUM), which they propose to offer at greatly reduced prices. The bulbs vary very much in appearance, and new varieties may be confidently expected. CLAPTON NPBSEBY, LONDON, N.E. NOW READY.-NOW BEADY. DANIELS' ILLUSTRATED GUIDE and SEED CATALOGUE For AMATEUR GARDENERS, Spring. 1894. Containing 132 pages, imperial size, of beautifully illustrated letterpress, three superb coloured plates, a select list of Choice Kitchen Garden and Flower Seeds, Seed Potatos, Fruit Trees, Roses, Clematises, Carnations, and other florets' flowers, with copious notes on cultivation, and a list of the beBt novelties of the season. The whole enclosed in a charmingly printed coloured wrapper. This will be found by far the best and most complete Garden Catalogue yet published, and should certainly be in the hands of all who are interested in horticulture. PRICE 18., POST FREE. The Shilling to be deducted from first order of 5s. or upwards. DANIELS BROS., ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT, NORWICH. J. DAVIES & SON Have a fine Stock of the Following to Offer:— SWEET-SCENTED RHODODENDRONS, 2s. 6d. to 3s. 6d. each; their new Dwarf varieties, 2s., 3s., and fs. each, all covered with buds; also 20,000 choice named hardy kinds, bushy, and well-budded, cheap by the 100, to clear ground. AZALEA MOLLIS Seedlings in various colours, 12 to 20 buds, 9s. per dozen, 60s. per 100; best named mollis. Ghent, and other varieties, well-budded, 24s. per dozen, splendid plants. DAPHNE INDICA RUBRA, in Flower and Bud, Is. Gd., 2s., and 2s. 6(/., 3s. Qd.t 5s. , all in bud ; and many others. H. BROCHNER, Hessle, Yorkshire. SEED CATALOGUE for 1894.— Just pub- lished, with everything priced, containing Novelties of sterling merit, both in VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS. PosWree on application to WILLIAM BULL. F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants and Seeds, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.E. CHELSEA GEM PEA, the best early dwarf Marrow sort, 2s. per qt. EARLIEST OF ALL PEA. earliest round blue, lOd. per qt. VFITCH'S EXTRA EARLY PEA, very early sort. Is. per qt. Orders, 10s. upwards, free. Seed Catalogues free. F. MfLLER AND CO., 267, Fulham Riad, London. S.W. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Mrs. C. J. Salter, awarded 5 Fmfc-class Certificates ; Mrs. Jeremiah Colman, First-class Certificate ; and many other Novelties, all fully described in my special list, now ready. Post free from W. WELLS, Earlswood Nurseries, Redhill, Surrey. BEGONIAS A SPECIALTY. — Awarded Seven Gold Medals, Gold Cup, and only Gold Medals for Begonias at the International Horticultural Exhibition. Seed saved from Prize Plants. Choicest mixed, Single or Double varieties, Is., 2s. Qd,, and 5s. per packet. Collections (Seed), Single, Twelve named varieties, separate, 5s. 6rf. ; Six ditto, 3s. Tubers, named singles, from 18s. to 60s. per dozen ; Choicest Seedlings, 4s. to 21s. per dozen; BeddiDg, choicest, 3s. to 9s. per dozen ; Choicest named Doubles, from 18s. per dozen; Choicest Seedlings, 12s. to 30s. per dozen; Choicest mixed, for bedding. 9s. to 18s. per dozen. Catalogues gratis. JOHN LAING amd SONS, Begonia Growers, &c, Forest Hill, London, S.E. ANDERSON'S RUSSIA MATS Are the Best and Cheapest. GARDEN SUNDRIES OF EVERY KIND. Illustrated CATALOGUE post-free on application. n GLASS. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 135 & 137, COMMERCIAL ST., LONDON, E. HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock always on Hand. Special quotations for quantities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At lowest possible prices. NICH0LLS& CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E. THIS GREENHOUSE erected and heated complete, in any part of the country, best materials only, workmanship guaranteed, 25 ft. by 12ft., £50; 30ft. by 15ft, £70. Brick- work excepted. For particulars, see our Catalogue. posMree. Superior Portable Frames, large stock ready for immediate use, well made, painted four coats, glazed with 21-oz. glass, carriage paid:— 1-light frame, 4X6, 365. 6rf. ; 2-light frame, 6X8, 58s. ; 3-light frame, 12 X 6. 85j. 6>/ rtltvn l,i, QAK.4.WAY, Wrrte, the finest while ever raised, p ir packet, 23. 6cl. and .r,s. SCHUBERTIa GRANDIFLOKA, fine warm greenhouse clim- ro white, and better than StephanotiB, per pkt., 2s. fid. And many other varieties. ANNUALS, fifteen packets for Is. CATALOGUES POST- FEW ON APPLICA TION. GARAWAY & CO., DUEDHAM DOWN, CLIFTON, BRISTOL. EITGH'S CL1M (6 to 7 ft. high). Raised by Mr. Ward, of LongfoTd Castle Gardens, Salisbury. A CLIMBING!- BEAN of the Canadian Wonder type, but more vigorous and brandling. It is exceedingly proliflo, and oomes in about three weeks before Scarlet Runner Beans. Fine for Forcing. CERTIFICATE of MERIT at EXETER and TAUNTON FLOWER SHOWS, 1893. Price, per packet, 2s. TO BE OBTAINED OF— ROBERT VEITCH & SON, i 54, HIGH STREET, EXETER; AND JAMES VEITGH & SONS, CHELSEA, S.W. NOW READY. HARPE'S ILLUSTRATED 1894. DESCRIPTIVE Post-free on application to CHARLES SHAKPE & CO., SEED FARMERS AND MERCHANTS, SLEAFOED. SEEDS GKSON, TAIT'S NEW ILLUSTRATED PRICED CATALOGUE of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS IS NO W P RELISHED $ MA Y BE HAD FREE ON AP PLICA TION. A Copy has been Posted to eaoh of their Customers. Should anyone not have received it they will be pleased to forward another copy. ROYAL SEED ESTABLISHMENT, CORPORATION STREET, MANCHESTER. ORTICDLTURAL BUILDER. Every description of GREENHOUSES, LIGHTS, &C. ER Best ({iiality and workmanship, 2 inches thick, 6 ft. by 1 ft., iron bar across, and very strong, 'Is. Qd. each, 50.S. doz., £10 for 50 Lights, free on rail in London. Cash or reference with order. Timber sufficient to build 100 feet by 12 feet house. Roof Ventilators, Door. &c. Put on rail in London. Price, £9 10s. Send for detailed specification, to — W. DUNCAN TUCKER, HORTICULTURAL WORKS, TOTTENHAM. Send for Illustrated Catalogue, just issued. January 6, 1891.] THE GAJiDENEllS' C1UWNICLE. KENT, THE GARDEN OF ENGLAND. eo. BUNYARD EXTENSIVE NURSERIES, AIDSTONE, KENT, OFFER to Purchasers the FINEST STOCK of DEVELOPED IN BRITAIN. Their larger-sized Trees Emit at once. " Kent —I may tell you I have bought fruit trees from live other large growers, and yours were far the best examples." Special attention is called to their specimen Espalier Apples, Amateur's Standard Apples, Cordon, Gridiron, Double Cordon, and very large Pyramidal Apples on Paradise Stocks, all of which will fruit the first year of 'planting. Large Pyramidal Plums, Peaches, and Nec- tarines, trained on stems 2 feet to 6 feet. Per- fectly ripened and bristling with fruit buds. " Middlesex.— Am delighted with the fruit trees —a splendid lot— so clean and robust, with fine roots." Extra fine Peaches and Nectarines in Pots, 5s. to 10s. 6d, Trained Peaches and Nectarines in Pots, to fruit at once, 5s. to 7s 6d. Short-jointed and well-ripened Vines, &c. And every kind and style of Fruit Trees. Royal Jubilee Apple, fine standards, 3/6 each. "Scotland — Apple trees received last week in splendid condition." "Hants.— The specimen Pears came to har.d, scarcely a twig brokeD." " Cheshire. — Have found your trees more correctly named than any I have purchased elsewhere." A grand lot of Scotch Fir, 4 feet to 6 feet, stout and well-rooted. Specimen Austrian Pines, 4 feet to 8 feet. Christmas Trees (Spruce) up to 20 feet. " Kircudbright — I have had splendid fruit from the trees you sent me last year." " Suffolll. — You have sent us a grand lot of fruit trees." "Guernsey. — The fruit trees you eent me were infinitely better in every way than a neighbour's, who purchased elsewhere." 125 ACRES Well-grown NURSERY STOCK. BUNYARD & CO., MEECHANT NUESEEYMEN, FRUIT TREE GROWERS, FLORISTS, LANDSCAPE GARDENERS, &o. MAIDSTONE, KENT, Catalogues for all Departments. SPRING SATALOGUE FOR 1894, Beautifully Illustrated with Five Coloured Plates (illus- trating Cucumbers, Onions, Beans, Celf.ri', Frimulas, Gloxinias. Silenes, Antirrhinums. Convolvulus, and chrysanthemums), ana hundreds of Engravings. Also containing complete Cultural Instructions, an Article on "Beautiful Borders," List of Novelties, &c, &c. NOW READY, POST FREE, Is., which may be deducted til subsequent Orders. Abridged Edition, ready on Feb. 1, Gratis and Post Free. S;edsmen Vjy Royal Warrants, THE BEST ARD ^Z7 Jl]?JlJ AT MOST MODERATE PRICES. SEED POTATOS, GARDEN TOOLS, & SUNDRIES. Descriptive Catalogue No. 432, Post Free on Application. Delivered Free by Rail or Parcel Post. v _ Seed Growers 'HESTER ANTHONY WATERER Invites an inspection from intending Planters to the fol- lowing well-grown TREES, having stout, clean stems, with handsomely-furnished, well-balanced heads, and from frequently transplanting are splendidly rooted; the girth of the Btem is taken at 4 feet from the ground :— ACER DASYCARPUM, 14 to 20 feet, girth 4 to 8 inches. , WIERI LACINIATUM, 10 to 14 feet, girth 3 to 5 inch. „ NEGUNDO VARIEGATA, Standards, 8 to 10 feet. „ REITENBACHI, 12 to 14 feet, girth 4 to 5 inches. „ SCHWEDLERI, 12 to 18 feet, girth 4 to 8 inches. „ WORLEYI, 12 to 14 feet, girth 3 to 6 inches. BEECH, Purple, Pyramids, and Standards, 10 to 20 feet, girth 4 to 9 inches. BIRCH, Silver, 12 to 14 feet, girth 3 to 5 inches. CERASUS SEROTINA (American Bird Cherry), 12 to 16 feet, girth 6 to 7 inches. CHESTNUTS, Horse, 14 to 20 feet, girth 6 to 11 inches. „ Double White, 14 to 16 feet, girth 6 to 8 inches. Scarlet, 12 to 18 feet, girth 4 to 10 inches. „ „ Brioti, 10 to 14 feet. ELMS, English, 10 to 12 feet, girth 3 to 6 inches. „ Guernsey, 16 to 18 feet, girth 7 to 9 inches. LIMES, 12, 16, and 20 feet, girth 3 to 10 inches. „ EUCHLORA or DASYSTYLA, 12 to 14 feet, girth 4 to 6 Silver-leaved (Tilia argentea), 12 to 14 feet, girth 5 to 6 inches. LIQUID AMBAJR, 6 to 10 feet. MAPLE, Norway, 12 to 16 feet. OAK, English, 12 to 14 feet, girth 4 to 5 inches. ,, Scarlet American, 12 to 14 feet, girth 4 to 5 inches. POPLAB CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety), 12 to 16 feet, girth 6 to 7 inches. SYCAMORE, Common, 12 to 17 feet, girth 4 to 7 inches. „ Purple, 14 to 16 feet, girth 6 to 7 inches. THORNS, Double Pink, 8 to 10 feet. ,, Paul's Scarlet, 8 to 10 feet. „ Double White, 8 to 10 feet. WEEPING TEEES. BEECH, Weeping, Pyramids, and Standards, 8 to 12 feet. ,, Weeping, Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 feet. BIRCH, Young's Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 14 feet. ff Cutrleaved Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 10 to 12 feet. ELMS, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet. LARCH, Weeping, Pyramids, 8 to 10 feet. KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKING, SURREY. THE (Btomidt SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1894. NOVELTIES OF 1893. THE past year was an important one in the matter of good additions to our gardens. All o'asses of plants seem to have been well recruited, and, in some sections, apparently lost- ground has been made up. This is specially noticeable in new, imported species of stove and greenhouse plants, so many of which made their debut at the Great Quinquennial Exhibition of the Royal Botanical and Agricultural Society of Ghent in April, 1803, and which were described and figured in our columns. Orchids have supplied the largest number of novelties, because of late years they have had a double chance of augmentation, by new species sent home by the plant collectors and by home-raised hybrids, the latter branch having increased in importance until now it is at least of equal interest to that of the foreign imports. Two very remarkable novelties specially presented themselves, viz., Eulophiella Elisabeths, whose charming wax-like white flowers were first seen on the specimen shown in their group of new plants by Messrs. Linden at the Great Ghent Show, and which was soon after made so plentiful by the exertions of Messrs. F. Sander & Co. ; and the very handsome and distinct Cypripedium Charlesworthii, more recently imported by Messrs. Charlesworth, Shut- tleworth & Co., of Heaton, Bradford, and which not only gives to gardens a fine new species, but also supplies the wherewithal to enable hybridists to recommence their work with fresh blood likely to give salutary results. Hybrids : Messrs. Veitch. In hybrid Orchids, Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Sons continue with unflagging zeal to produce novel- ties worthy of the grand things they have pre- viously sent out, their efforts being chiefly confined to the showier genera. Among hybrids between Lrelias and Cattleyas, their Lrelio- Cattleya x Nysa (L. crispa ? , C. Warscewiczii <$ ), for which Baron Sohroder received a First-class Certificate at the last meeting of the Royal Hor- ticultural Society, is a superb novelty ; and their L.-C. x Statteriana (L. Perrinii ? , C. labiata^), is a worthy companion to it. L.-C. x Epicasta (L. pumila?, C. Warscewiczii^), and L.-C. x Pisandra (L crispa ? , C. Eldorado £ ), are both good and richly-coloured flowers, and L.- C. x . Ascania (C. Trianrei 9 , L. xanthina^), of a pale yellow tint, and decidedly pretty. Of hybrids between Cattleyas, Cattleya x Chloris (Bow- ringiana?, maxima^), is a charming flower, combining the bright purple of C. Bowringiana, THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januaey 6, 1894. with the large flower of the other parent ; and C. x Pheidona (intermedia 9 , maxima (J ), a very delicately-tinted and worthy hybrid. Of the favourite genus Cypripedium, the best of those certificated to Messrs. Veitch at the Royal Horticultural Society in 1893, are C. x Aphrodite var. (niveum J , Lawrenceanum (J ), a great improvement on the original : C. x Minos (Spicerianum $ , Arthurianum^), its white dorsal sepal richly coloured with purple ; C. x CEnone (Hookene 9 , superbiens £ ) ; and of the Selenipedium section, C. x Clonius (conchi- ferumx $?. caudatum TVallisii^ ), a large and beautiful flower, with an ivory-white ground; 0.x Penelaus (calurumj, caudatum Lindeni $ ), one of the darnest crimson of its class, and C. x Phcedra (Sedeni candidulum $ , Lindleyanum g ), cream-colour tinted rose. Among other remarkable hybrids raised by Messrs. Jas. Veitoh & Son, are Phaius x ama- bilis (grandifolius $ , tuberculosus £ ), very flori- ferous, and of a rich claret and yellow colour ; Calanthe x gigas (Vestita gigantea $ , Eegnieri Sanderiana New or Noteworthy Plants. VITIS COIGNETIiE* Now that attention has been called to this very beautiful Japanese Vine, by our extract from Garden and Forest (see p. 781 of our last volume), and Mr. Barbidge'a notice at p. 808, it may be well to put on record some facts concerning it culled from the account given in the lievue Horticole, 1890, p, 49. * Vitis Coiqnetia, Pulliat, in Plane/ton, Monog. AmpeHd. (D. C. Mon. Phan , vol. v., p. 325).— Rami's striatia, tomfnto floecoso, araneojo ferrugineo demuni plua miuua detersp in- dutis; cirrhia interuptis; folua ampliuaculia cordato-orbicu- latia angulatim3— 5 lobia, intequaliteietexserte dentatis supra demum glabratia subtua tomento eodem ac rami veatitia, inter n-rvorum venarumque reticulum impreaaum rugoaia coriaceia ; thyrsia pedunculatis baai srope cirrhiferia folio opposito brevi- oribua ; baccia in thyraofertili paucia globoaia diametro circiter 1 cent., 2—3 epermia ; aeminibua ovoideis breviter rostratia loovibua aaturate fulvia; raphe filiformi in dipcum chaldzicum orbicularem dorealem excurrente. Vitis Labrusca, Thunb., Ft, Jap,, p. 103, non T>inn., Japan. January G, 1891] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 9 From the account there given, it appears that the seeds were received originally from Japan by our old contributor Jean Sisley, so well known to many rosarians in this country. His daughter, Madame Coignet, was in 1875 travelling with her husband in the mountains of Japan, and sent home seeds of this Vine to her father, M. Sisley. From him they passed into the hands of Mr. Putliat, who, finding the seedlings presenting some remarkable charac- teristics, sent specimens to our old friend, M. Plan- chon, of Montpellier, at that time engaged in the preparation of a monograph on the Ampelidete for De Candolle's Suites an Prodromus. So much for the authentic history of the plant. Now we are told by Mr. Watson that it is probable that the grand old Vine in] Mr. Waterer's nursery at Knap Hill, which in autumn assumes such a glorious red colour, is really this Vitis Coignetiae. Mr. Waterer, we believe, has hitherto been unable to propagate the Vine in security enjoyed by the flowers, carried as the con- trivance is, by means of a pole resting on the shoulder of the man, to that of beiog rattled over the Btones in donkey-cart to the detriment of everything carried. And what would our street boys be doing with the flowers in the hinder receptacle ? They manage thes« thiops better in Japan. The illustration from which the woodcut was taken waB kindly furnished by Mr. J. H. Veitcb, whose travels in Japan, Cores, China, and other eastern countries, have been recorded in our columns during the last year. SEEDLING ANTHURIUMS AT HIGHBURY. After the flowering of Anthurium^Chamberlaini an increased interest in the cultivation and hybridi- sation was felt at Highbury, and the late Mr. E. and are plunged in a quantity of cocoa-refnse. One lot is of a very dark seedliDg resembling Andreannm X Chamberlaini, and another lot from an unnamed light seedling X Chamberlaini. In the stove some ex- cellent specimens were remarked in admirable health. There is a very fine plant of A. Veitchii, another of A. Leodense, in spathe ; and a grand specimen of A. Warocqueana is very conspicuous. Mr. Earp affords liberal application of manure to An- thuriums. consisting of dressings of rotted cow-dung. A plant of A. Chamberlaini growing in an elevated position some G feet from the floor, is a good ex- ample, each leaf averaging 4 feet in length, with footstalks five feet long, and the plant is nine feet wide. Belo»-, on the floor of the house, a bed has been formed in which a large quantity of fresh cow manure was placed for the strong aerial roots of the hanging plant, six to seven feet in length, and that have penetrated it themselves, forming masses of roots. Fl8. 1. — A JAPANESE FLOWER SELLEB. question, bnt at Kew there are several joung plants of Vitis Coignetiae, so that we may hope that it may soon be widely distributed. [See also a letter from Mr. Goldring, in Home Correspondence-] A JAPANESE FLOWER-SELLER. Nothing could better illustrate the differences in appliances and taBte between our own street dealers in cut flowers and those of sunny Japan than fig. 1. The light framework of Bamboo, with its short lengths of Bamboo cut at a node, so as to retain water wherewith to preserve the freshness of the blossoms, grasses, Iris Btems, and leave?, and the basket-like arrangement of the bottom tier, is as un- like a coster's barrow or the flower-girl's flat basket as it is possible to find. Apart from the prettiness of the whole as a street picture, compare the greater Cooper, the then gardener to Mr. Chamberlain, was successful in crossing A. Chamberlaini and A. An- dreanum, and others, bnt no record of these crosses was kept ; or, at any rate, none has been discovered. Some of these seedlings are now in flower as specimen- plante, one of which, marked No. 3, is of a pleasing shade of light cerise, with a white spadix, a spathe of fair size and good form, the foliage of the Anthurinm type. Seedling No. 2 has a spathe and spadix entirely white, and has distinct foliage ; another seedling, whose spathe has lately opened, is of a glossy light-crimson colour, with a light- coloured spadix, and shows the A. Chamberlaini parentage in the leaf; a seedling was noticed, which has a spathe of bright cerise, with a light-coloured spadix. Mr. W. Earp, Mr. Chamberlain's present gardener, has made some crosses, and about 100 young plants were observed in a low span-house growing in 48>, There is a striking instance at Impney, Droitwich, of the need of Monstera deliciosa for a large supply, of moisture, a grand plant, planted in the rockwork of the Fernery, having sent its roots into the water, and it is a question whether many of the Anthuriums would not thrive and become more conspicuous objects than they usually are if afforded similar conditions. Of other plants of which notice was taken r a- a superb Musa Ensete growing in a bed, which, although 5 feet high when planted in the conservatory in July, 1892, has a stem 10 feet high and 4 feet in circumference just above the soil; it has already reached the roof, and it has been necessary to shorten its leaves. Around it are masses of Hedy- chium Gardnerianum. Another large bed is occu- pied by a very fine Areca sapida, and across the top of the house over the doors is a curtain of the 10 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januaby 6, 1894. CobcEa scandens variegata, a beautiful decorative plant, and a striking feature of the house. A houseful of well-grown Cyclamen was in full flower, and another very gay with double flowered Pelargonium zonal?, viz , Raspail, Turtle's Surprise, &c. W. D. Plant Notes. A MEXICAN VINE. Foe several years past attempts have been made in Portugal, Italy, and more recently in Austria, to cultivate a Mexican member of the family of the Ampelopsis, Cissus mexicana, a near rela- tion to the Vine, which it can replace in certain climates. Cissus mexicana grows freely in the province of Sinalva, in Mexico, a region where are made wine, vinegar, and certain excellent preserves called uvata, made with large red or white berries, which have exactly the same flavour as the Muscat Raisin. Its root glides among the rocks, and for eight months the plant is intensely dry. In the other four months the nourishment of the branches is completed, and in October the fruit is perfectly developed. The first sign of the branches is in June, during the rainy season, and their growth is very rapid. They soon climb into the neighbouring trees and rocks, stifling all other vegetation. The leaves, which are identical with those of English Vines, fall off at the end of October. If the condition of existence necessary for this Vine were obtained, there is no reason why it should not succeed in all parts of Europe where the cold is not intense, and it possesses the great advantage of contenting itself with rocks and arid lands, where ordinary VineB give no result at all. H. C. Fyfc, 80, Elsham Road, Kensington, W, PlTHECOLOBIOH UNGUISCATA. This plant, better known under the name of Inga roses, but now placed under the above title, has for some time past been producing its lovely-coloured flowers abundantly in the Palm-house here. These are axillary, and when first visible are globular, the peduncles lengthening to about an inch, and bearing the flowers in a dense umbel. When in full flower, the calyx and corolla are entirely hidden by the numerous bright crimson stamens, nearly 2 inches in length. The leaves generally bear either three or four pairs of pinna;, the leaflets being small and numerous. Being a native of the tropics of America, it requires stove treatment, and even then it is a slow-growing subject, of a low and rather spreading habit. They should have plenty of sunlight to ripen the wood, and be given liberal treatment, the compost consisting of good fibrous loam, with a small amount of peat and sand. Cutting?, which strike readily, should be well established by autumn if struck in a brisk bottom- heat in spring. B,, Edinburgh. Foreign Correspondence. EPILOBIUM LATIFOLIUM. At p. 596 of your laBt volume it is noted that this very beautiful perennial is a native of damp places in Arctic America. In Northern Alaska, where it is raining or snowing half the time, it thrives on the mounds of dry sand or gravel thrown up by the tor- rents flowing from under the glaciers. It and Dryas octopetala are often found in little beds of earth ornamenting icebergs or glaciers. A moist atmo- sphere, though not a moist soil, ought to suit it well. Thomas Median, Germantown Nurseries, Phi/addphia. An Egyptian Garden at Christmas. While the greater part of Europe and the British Isles have been having storms and winterly weather, Alexandria, although open to the full force of the Mediterranean gales, has, with the exception of one windyday.so far escaped. Tothosefortunateenoughto be able to spend Christmas in Egypt, one cannot help comparing the difference in the aspect of the gardens here and at home. With the exception of Platanus orientalis, Populus fastigiata, P. alba, and Acacia Lebbec, which have just begun to show the approach of winter, most trees and shrubs are still in full leaf. Poinsettia pulcherrima is at the present time the glory of the gardens, the size of their bracts and the general appearance of the trees being much im- proved by the annual pruning they receive. The white variety is not much grown. Bougainvillea is now in full bloom, and to one seeing them for the first time it is a sight to be remembered. The bright sunshine makes the flowers of a much darker colour than we see them in England. Plumbago capensis is still in flower, and " Cryptostegia grandi- flora," Combretum racemosum, Tecoma capensis, and other climbers, still make a good show. In sheltered places Tecoma stans, with its masses of rich yellow flowers, makes a pretty effect. Koses are always in bloom. Plants of such varieties as La France, Souvenir de la Malmaison, Homer, and Mareehal Niel, have plenty of flowers ; while the tall Date Palms, Phoenix dactylifera, display their large waving heads of foliage and clusters of fruit. Schinus molle is largely used as shade-trees and hedges in the Greek portion of the town, where by far the best gardens exist; and from it hang clusters of dark-red berries much used by the English in place of Holly for decorations. Misleto, which is even indispensable in Egypt at Christmas-time, is imported from Constantinople. W. Draper , Alexandria, Egypt. PENLLERGAEE. It is always a pleasure to visit a well-appointed garden, where the object of the owner and of those in charge seems to be to obtain everything in the best condition that good culture and unremitting atten- tion can ensure. There is an earnestness and vitality about such places which afford the greatest satis- faction to an energetic horticulturist, and yield many agreeable and lasting memories. Few establishments so completely fulfil this ideal as Penllergare, the residence of Sir John T. D. Llewelyn, Bart., situated a few miles from Swansea ; and among the few that occur to me at this moment as corresponding in the excellent general keep and good cultivation displayed is Halton Gardens, Tring, where Mr. Sanders, who is gardener to A. de Rothschild, Esq., has done so much admirable work. But Penllergare enjoys some advantages of situation, which render it unique, and I regret that time will not permit me to give as full a description as I would wish of what may be unhesi- tatingly placed in the first rank of the best British gardens. Both time and taste have been devoted to the formation of Penllergare, for years ago it was cele- brated as the home of a gentleman with strong horticultural inclination, and the thought that Sir John has given to increasing the beauty and interest of his garden through so long a period has produced notable results. The main drive is a most attractive entrance to the garden, for being about a mile in length, with abundance of flourishing Ferns on each side, with here and there fine clumps of the stately Royal Fern, it has a charmingly natural effect. As we approach the house, there are won- derful banks of Rhododendrons and Azaleas, which in early summer afford an almost unrivalled display of varied bright and highly-coloured flowers. But the former are especially fine, for South Wales appears to be a real home of Rhododendrons ; the climate and soil suit them capitally, and such mag- nificent examples I have never seen elsewhere. There is an interest, too, about those at Penllergare, for a large number are seedlings that have been raised on the place, and they have yielded many novelties. At the time of my visit recently, a new Azalea and Rhododendron garden was being formed, the beds being cut out in the grass and planted in an informal manner with seedlings about 2 feet high, which may be confidently expected to give good results in a short time. Another feature of the drive and its neighbourhood is afforded by several vigorous and graceful Bamboos, from 12 to 15 feet high, and which remind one how much these fine plants are neglected in many dis- tricts where they would succeed quite well. The formation of a Bamboo garden at Kew has helped to- draw attention to them, and to prove that, with moderate shelter, they will thrive in gardens less fortunately situated than those in South Wales, the West of England, or the South of Ireland, where, of course, Bamboos and many other reputed tender plants luxuriate. In the other departments much conld be found worthy of note ; for example, the flower garden is tastefully designed and well planted during the season. The kitchen garden is cropped just as I like to see this important space occupied, and the best thing that can be said about it is, that all the vege- tables are in first-rate condition, and do not seem to have suffered in the least from the exceptionally dry season through which we have passed. One reason for this is to be found in the fact that the able head- gardener, Mr. Warmington, believes in deep digging and plentiful supplies of manure, and has carried out his practice consistently for sufficient time to prove its advantage. Many others could testify to similar results, and " there is nothing like digging " might be safely adopted as a motto in most gardens. Taming to the glass-houses, the Orchid collection first commands our attention, as there are four houses devoted to these plants, and Penllergare was noted for its Orchids long before they were as popu- lar as they are at the present time. All the largest are represented by numerous select species and hybrids, and the plants throughout are remarkable for their healthy condition. An extraordinary display of Calanthes is provided in November and December, and at the time of my visit strongly-grown plants of C. Veitchii were bear- ing vigorous spikes of flowers four feet in length ; very seldom indeed are those useful winter- flowering Orchids found in such grand condition as at Penller- gare, and they are now alone worth a long journey to see. Such spikes could only be produced by well-deve- loped pseudobulbs, the result of a long season of growth, made under the most liberal system of culture. The Cypripediums are also in perfect health, and comprise nearly sixty varieties and hybrids, amongst them being some of the choicest, as for instance, C. oenanthum superbum, which is still one of the most beautifully coloured varieties ever raised, and is especially interesting as being the first seedling which flowered from a cross in which one of the parents was a hybrid. C. cenanthum was raised from a cross between C. Harrisianum and C. insigne Maulei, and the first named plant was obtained from a cross between C. villosum and C. barbatum, still further possessing the interest of being the first hybrid secured artificially, nearly thirty years ago. The always-useful C. Leeanum superbum, the beautiful C. Niobe, are also included. Of Dendrobiums thirty distinct forms are grown, the superb varieties D. nobile nobilius and Cooksoni being much valued ; and there are two uncommonly fine specimens of D. pulchellum in baskets, each 1J foot in diameter. Concerning the latter charming little Orchid, with its Email, delicate pale rosy flowers, it may be said that the name commonly adopted as given above is not correct, as the plant originally described under that name is, I believe, not in cultivation ; and the correct title, as established by the authtrities of tfie present time, is D. Loddigesi. I shall not be able to enumerate even the best of the Orchids in this fine collection, but it may be added that Lsclias, Cattleyas, Angroecums, Aorides, Coelo- gyneB, Oncidiums, Vandas, Phalienopsis, and Odon- toglossums, are well represented ; but as specimens that are seldom seen now, the ten baskets of Stan- hopeas are remarkably grand plants, 1 foot in dia- meter, of S. tigrina and S. oculats, which produce their strangely-coloured wax-like flowers freely. While Bpeaking of the warm-house plants, a fine example of Nepenthes Ralllesiana must be men- January 6, 1894.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 11 tioned, for it is bearing eighty pitchers, and such specimens are rare. In other hoases Azaleas are grown in excellent style, grand trained specimens that remind one of former days. The so-called greenhouse Rhododen- drons are grown in pots, but what is more interest- ing, is the border near a wall, where a collection is planted out-of-doors, and remain out safely, the only protection afforded being a piece of glass placed over the top, quite open at the sides, and they seem to like their position, for they are thriving satisfactorily. Of the three vineries one is occu- pied with Muscat of Alexandria, now bearing a superb crop of richly-coloured bunches, one of the best examples of successful cultivation I have seen for a long time. There are also capital crops of late Black Hamburghs, equally excellent in their way. Several other houses are occupied with healthy Ferns, Cucumbers, &c, besides the frames contain- ing a large collection of Auriculas, including all the best-named varieties. Carnations are also well- represented ; for while Sir John Llewelyn takes a keen interest in horticulture, generally he is wider known as an ardent florist, and has been for years a frequent visitor to the Royal Horticultural Society's meetings when special displays are pro- vided of the plants named. Much more could be written about Penllergare, but these brief notes must be closed with an expres- sion of thanks for the courteous attention accorded me on my visit, and by the opinion that an em- ployer's wishes could not be more carefully studied or carried into execution than they are by Mr. Warmington. T. H. Crasp, Clyne Valley Nurseries, Swansea. Florists' Flowers. ♦ NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Those of us who can remember the time when there were no Japanese Chrysanthemums grown in this country, and who can remember the small number of varieties saved from an importation sent by the late Mr. Robert Fortune to the late Mr. John Standish of Ascot, can but wonder at the immense progress that has been made, especially as they were received with anything but favour by the growers of thirty years ago. It was rather curious that a number of varieties lost in transit from Japan were reproduced as seedlings by the late Mr. John Salter from the few varieties saved, and which were quite distinct from those unfortunately lost. I well re- member that the editor of the Gardeners' Chronicle wrote strongly in favour of the new introductions. Mr. Salter set about raising new varieties, and his first attempt was successful beyond the most sanguine expectation. James Salter, Jane Salter, Dr. Masters, Sultan, &c , were varieties which took the popular fancy. Daring the intervening period of about thirty years, progress in the improvement of the Japanese section has been truly wonderful. I was strongly impressed with this while visiting the collection belonging to Mr. H. J. Jones, Ryecroft Nursery, Lewisham. Two large houses were rilled with new varieties mostly, in the greatest variety of form and colour. In fact, if I may be allowed to say so, we are quite over-done with new varieties sent into this country from various places abroad every year. New foreign Roses are numerous enough ; but they only come in dozens, whereas new Chrysanthemums may be numbered by hundreds, and there is no way to separate the good from the indifferent, except by growing them. In an English nursery the flowers are open to inspection, and we can go and see them, and discuss the properties of the different varieties before buying any of them. Amongst hundreds of new varieties in Mr. Jones' collection I noted the following : Mrs. Daunes, deep purple, a well-formed flower, the petals rather pointed and incurving ; Mr. J. Lyn<~, yellowish-bnff, the flowers of large siz°, incurving in the centra, and open towards the circumferenc, new last spring ; G. W. Newett, white, fine broad petals, those in the centre incurving, and the outer ones reflexing and drooping ; Primrose League, sent out last spring, has very pale primrose-coloured flowers, with the centre florets incurved, and the outer petals opening out- wards ; Dr. H. D. Hull, blush-white, the florets very broad and incurving ; Mr. Hellier, primrose, a fine full flower, with incurving petals ; Sir Edwin Smith, apparently one of the best, of a golden-yellow colour, with broad petals, and a well formed flower ; Golden Plume, another fine yellow-coloured variety ; G. W. Childs, a handsome flower of a rich shade of crimson, the petals well-formed, and bloom of the middle size. The well-known new varieties, Madame Th&ese Rey, white; Colonel W. B. Smitb, golden-bronze ; Chas. Blick, rich golden-yellow ; Robt. Owen, a grand incurved yellowish-coloured Japanese variety ; and Win, Seward, of deep crimson colour, and indis- pensable in every collection, were all in fine form. A few of the newer incurved varieties consisted of Baron Hirsch, an orange-buff variety, with broad well-incurved petals, and handsome bloom ; this and the later-introduced Madame Darrier, and M. R. B&huant, seem indispensable. The varieties with hairy florets are being greatly improved, many distinct forma having been intro- duced, and others are on their trial at Mr. Jones's. I noted, as the best of these, Mrs. Dr. Ward, of a bronzy-yellow, the flowers of ample dimensions ; White Plume, a lovely pure white flower, possessing a yellow centre ; Hairy Wonder is another buff- coloured bloom. The most rigid selection is very necessary in choosing varieties, and we look to the National Society to give Certificates only to snch as have some properties of form or shades of colour superior to those which we already have. Doubtless they do the best they can with the material placed before them, and a good allowance must always be made for difference of taste. I noted that the majority of new varieties were yellow or buff- coloured. Now, it is plain that we already possess many fine yellow varieties, and any new seedlings in this direction must be good indeed to surpass Sun- flower, W. H. Lincoln, Golden Wedding (new this year, a rich yellow, and quite distinct), Chas. Blick, Edwin Beckett, &c. — all good in their respective classes. Mere size is not worthy of consideration by itself; and one or two of the recently-introduced large varieties fall below the highest standards of excellence in form and in colour. I am well aware that all the new varieties will soon find their proper level, and send the few notes above as being my own impression of what I have seen. J. Douglas. Late Chrysanthemums. In the large collection of Chrysanthemums in the Chiswick gardens of the R^yal Horticultural Society, several varieties were in full beauty as late as December 13, and I made note of them, as they are uncommon. Many very beautiful kiads are prac- tically unknown, simply for the reason they are not of exhibition standard. Amongst the Japanese or decorative kinds, the more conspicuous were the following: — Sunlight, a free-flowering variety, the flowers white, suffused with rose-purple, and excel- lent for cutting ; Monarcdock, a curious name, is rich yellow, suffused with red — a graceful and free- flowering variety ; W. H. Sinclair, rich yellow, a clear colour, and a true Japanese Chrysanthemum ; and Frank Wilcox, which is a distinct and handsome flower, small, but of splendid colour, rich yellow, with the lower petals suffused with chestnut-red — the plant was a mass of bloom, giving plenty of flower- clusters for the house. Mrs. Goldring, yellow, with a reddish margin to the florets, the flowers borne on a long stem ; Mrs. RobinBon, very free, the majority of the flowers white, but some touched with rose-purple ; and W. W. Lunt, Boft yellow, a very delicate shade, were in perfect beauty. Amongst singles, those I noticed of value were Pyrethrum, white, suffused with rose, a free and distinct variety ; and Elegance, rich rose-purple, thread-like florets, long, and graceful, in the style of Jane. A charming Anemone-pompon in bloom waB Eugene Lanjaulet, the flowers very neat and pleasing in colour, the centre rich yellow, with paler guard-florets. All the above are worth growing for their distinctness and freedom so late in the season. They are not exhibition varieties, but one does not always require flowers merely for show. V. Anemone flowered Chrysanthemums. In addition to the varieties noted by " V.," p. 718, vol. xiv , I should like to add the following recent acquisition — John Bunyan, an introduction of 1893, shown by Mr. R. Owen. It is best described as having a Gliick-like centre, with guard-florets of the same colour as that variety, and these are long and narrow. Sir Walter Raleigh is another of Mr. Owen's introductions, belonging to the Japanese section of Anemones ; the disc, or centre, is full, and of rose-colour ; the bluBh-white guard-florets good: a very distinct-looking flower in every way. Queen Elizabeth has a deep blush centre and lilac- pink guard- florets; Celtic belongs to the old or show Anemone class, bronzy-lilac in colour, with a very full centre, and neat, evenly-rounded guard- florets. Of those a little older, but possessing much quality, Mrs. Judge Benedict is perhaps the best of recent introductions. In colour it is light-blush when opening, but changes to pure white with a lemon centre ; W. G. Drover, purple-carmine, tipped with yellow. Add to this short list, C. Leboscqz and Nelson, and we have a capital selection, including those named by " V." Toe former has rosy-carmine tubular florets tipped with yellow, and straw- coloured ray-florets. Nelson has a shade of rosy-crimson, and affords a pleasing variety in a collection of Anemones, which do not include many bright- coloured varieties. E. M. THE POTATO-ONION. The appearance of an advertisement from a Dublin seed-house, Berves to call to notice a variety of the Onion that has somewhat declined in culti- vation, though possessing qualities of undoubted value. By some supposed to be a variety of the common Onion, by others a distinct species : it is both curious and interesting, as it multiplies iteelf in an opposite direction to the tree or bulb-bearing Onion, producing, by the formation of young bulbs on the parent-root, an ample crop below the surface of the ground. Its origin is somewhat obscure, and being known as the Egyptian Onion, it was sup- posed to have been brought from Egypt by the British Army about 1805, though it is said to have been known in this country for some time prior to that. At one time it was much cultivated in the Isle of Wight, and on the coast in the vicinity of Portsmouth ; and coming into use, as it did, before any spring-sown types, the cultivators found a ready market for their produce through the purveyors to the East-Indiamen and other sailing-ships taking long voyages which, at that time, left Eagland at a season when no other variety of the Onion could be had in condition for storing. Like the bulb- bearing or tree Onion, which produces a cluster of bulblets (small bulbs) at the extremity of the stem, it does not seed as other Onions do, and thus is pro- pagated in much the same way as the Potato. Messrs. Vilmorin & Co., in their Vegetable Garden, state that planting the bulbs — fairly good-sized ones being selected — is done at the cloBe of the winter, and well-grown Onions may be gathered from them in the following June, but if the plants are allowed to attain full maturity, instead of a single bulb from each, seven or eight will be produced of various sizes. The strongest of these will also, in their turn, produce a number of bulbs, while the weaker ones generally grow into a single large bulb. The general rule appears to be to plant in the spring as soon as the weather will permit ; but some plant as early as December, or as soon as the bulbs begin to push into growth. In the West of England, the rule appears to be to plant on the shortest and lift the crop on the longest day. The method of culture adopted there is to plant in rows 1 foot apart, and the bulbs are placed 6 inches apart in the rows. It should be stated, that the winters in the west are generally mild, and planting can be done with safety earlier 12 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [Jasdaey G, 1894. there than in colder parts, where it is sometimes put off until the spring. Trie practice of earthing-up is generally adopted ; and one authority states that the produce depends a great deal upon the sizes of those planted, but a good produce almost always ensues. A method of rapid increase is as follows : — when the leaves have attained their full size and begin to turn brown at the tips, the soil is cleared away from the bulbs down to the point from which the roots issue, and so a basin is formed which catches the rain and serves to hold water. This, it is said, causes the old bulbs to form new ones, and, being kept moist, they soon grow into size, the clusters becoming large and numerous ; and it is asserted that bulbs so obtained, probably on account of their exposure to the atmosphere, are much sounder than those grown beneath the soil, and, in consequence, keep better. Messrs. Vilmorin & Co. inform us that the smaller bulbs keep a good deal better than the larger ones. if. D. The Week's Work, THE KITCHEN GAEDEN. By A. Coombes, Gardener, Himley Hall, Dudley. SEED ORDERS. — At the commencement of the year it is advisable to look over one's notes of de- sirable kinds of vegetables made during the past seasoD, and, when the seed lists are to hand, as soon as may be convenient to write for the seeds needed for the year. This can be better accomplished now than later, when so many other matters need atten- tion ; besides, the early sending of orders materially assists those engaged in the seed trade. Take care to have a sufficiency of those kinds most required, but do not order profusely, or what is not likely to be needed. In order to keep abreast of the times, a few novelties should be tried each season, preferably those that have been remarked in other gardens, or which are well spoken of, and these, if found satisfactory, or which are improvements on older varieties, should be afterwards grown in quantity. PREPARATION OF THE SOIL.— Whenever the state of the weather permits, and the soil is sufficiently dry, no opportunity should be lost to push forward digging and trenching. In many gardens such work will be nearly completed ; still there are those where but little has been done in this direction, owing either to lack of men (now too prevalent) or pressure of other work. It is always the best practice to do this kind of work thoroughly, breaking up the lumps of soil, especially those that are below the surface, leaving the surface if rough to be dealt with later. I strongly advocate bastard trenching, and have as much done each season as possible ; in fact, if time allowed, I would treat the whole of the vegetable quarters in that way, and I would rather use the strong steel forks than spades for turning over and breaking up the subsoil. I should not lay so much stress upon this matter of digging did I not know how much success in the cultiva- tion of vegetables depends upon it; and provided always that the soil is in a proper condition for working, it cannot be stirred too deeply, nor broken up too much. The hot dry season of 1893 was a very trying one where the subsoil was not well broken up. SEAKALE will now force freely in any struclure, provided it can be kept in the dark, and have a temperature of from .50° to 60°. The rootB, in quantities according to the demand, mav be placed in pots in good soil, six or seven in a 10-inch pot, with an inverted pot placed over them, and sur- rounded and banked up with moist leaves ; the heads will then be very well blanched, and succu- lent. This method is advisable where the demand is uncertain, as when the heads are grown, the pots with the covers may be removed to a cellar or cool damp room, where they will keep fresh for a longer period than stalks cut and placed in water. Where the old method of forcing this vegetable in the open is followed by means of leaves and stable litter, care will be necessary to keep the heating materials at a proper temperature, adding to it if necessary, mixing fresh litter should the mass become cool, or, if too hot, opening it out here and there to let the heat escape, then closing the opening again. LETTUCE AND ENDIVE IN COLD FRAME8 — Affjrd these plants free ventilation in mild weather, removing decaying leaves, and stirring the soil around the plants. Do not afford water before the soil becomes dry, and if possible choose a bright morning for applying it. Have at hand a good supply of dry litter or bracken, for covering the frames, &c, in severe weather. MUSHROOM RIDGES. — If wall protected with litter and mats, or waterproof coverings over all, these beds will now be giving good crops ; but where no outer covering has been used, the rains will have saturated the litter, and but few Mushrooms will be found. In such a case the whole of the covering should be removed on a fine day, shaking it out, and drying it as much as possible. Should Mushroom spawn be found running on the outside of the ridges, which it probably will be doing, rub it off with the band, cover the ridges with clean dry litter, placing that previously in use on the outside. FRENCH BEANS. — Further sowings of these should be made, to maintain the supply, the pots being placed in any convenient part of the forcing- house till the seeds have germinated, when they must be removed to full sunlight near the glass. Dew them over with the syringe in the mornings and afternoons when the day is fine. Plants which are growing on and those in flower, on wet days will be afforded sufficient humidity by the general damping down of the house or pit. Plants with pods set may have a sharp syringing on the under-sides of the leaves, in order to keep down red-spider. POTATOS IN FRAMES. — Fermenting material may now be prepared for making up pits and frames for forcing Potatos. Tree-leaves should be freely use with the stable litter of which the beds are made up. If necessary, the Potato seta may in the mean- time be placed in the forcing- house, to induce sprouting. MISCELLANEOUS. — Turn over heaps of garden refuse, and wheel the decomposed parts on to ground which has to be dug, reserving the remainder for further decomposition. Examine and clean out all drains and catch-pits in the walks. PLANTS UNDER GLASS. By J. F. M'Leod, Gardener, Dover House, Roehampton. With the advent of the new year, work in the plant-houses becomes more lively ; the plans and arrangemeuts for the ensuing year are about to be commenced, subjects which have fallen into a quiescent state are about to grow again, and all round good resolutions will be made by the gar- dener with a view to advancement in practice, and an improvement in the cultivation and state of his plants. Disappointments are inevitable in gardening, and most of us will have some few to chronicle before the end of the year 1894, but these may be mitigated if we do the proper kind of work at the proper time. I am alive to the fact that there are numerous hindrances to constant success, but the endeavour to attain it should be made all the same. THE CONSERVATORY.— This structure will need daily attention in the matter of keeping up a fresh appearance, no decayed leaves and unsightly litter being left of any plant. There should be no over- crowding the inmates; indeed, it is rather better to have half the quantity, and have them good. Keep up the succession of flowering bulbs. Bouvar- dias now past their prime may be removed, with a view to their being ripened off; their places may be taken by Poinsettias, Calanthe Veitchii, and the other varieties of this useful species ot Orchid. These plants, if placed at the warmer end of the structure in conjunction with Ferns and forced bulbs, will afford a gay appearance, their flower-spikes standing well above the dwarfer subjects; while at the cooler end of the house Chinese Primulas, EricaB, Epacris, Cyclamens, and Carnations may be disposed. GLOXINIAS. — Where these lovely flowers are appreciated early in the seasoD, a batch of tubers may now be started, selecting on this occasion the strongest, as these afford the finest displav, and best repay the labour and cost of forcing. The tubers should be shaken out of their pots, and placed in a temperature of 55° to 60°. I usually place them in shallow seed-pans or boxes in a compost consisting of leaf-mould which has been sifted in an inch- sieve, coarse silver-sand, and a slight addition of loam ; and in about three weeks each has a nice ball of the soil, and I lift and pot them in large and small 48's, which are not too large for them. The potted tuber may go on to a shelf, and after afford- ing one good watering, they must have water sparingly applied for a considerable time afterwards. The potting soil consists of the following : — two parts loam, one part leaf-soil, one spent Mushroom-dung, and one of sand, the whole to be passed through an inch sieve. The plants should be kept in the same temperature as they were started in, CALADIUMS. — It is time some of the tubers were now being started, with a view to bringing them into leaf, for being handsome-leaved, they are always in demand where house-furnishing and table-deco- ration are in vogue. If any variety seems likely to become too plentiful, I would advise the making a few large specimen pots of them, by putting twelve to eighteen strong tubers in a large pot, such masses make nice additions to the inmates of stoves and warm conservatories. CROTONS. — If any variety is scarce, no time should be lost in taking cuttings from any plant which has outgrown the purpose for which it is used, and fresh young tops, if put into a brisk bottom-heat, in close case at this date, will soon take root and make useful plants by the end of the summer, if kept growing on steadily. Dracaenas may also have their tops cut off, and put into heat. A great many varieties of Dracaena grow freely from eyes, which are obtained by simply cutting the stem into pieces of from half-an-inch to an inch in length, and pressing them into the surface of well-drained pans or pots filled with sand, plunging these in a brisk bottom-heat, in a top temperature of 75°. THE HARDY PRUIT OARDEN. By T. Tubton, Gardener, Maiden Srlegh, Reading. MOSS AND LICHEN COVERED TREES. — Trees which have become grown over with moss and lichen, as is the case in most humid districts, may be scrubbed all over the stems and thicker branches, using for the purpose a stubby birch or heather- broom, or a housemaid's scrubbing-brush. Having done this, wash or rather paint the bark with a white- wash of fresh-slaked lime and fresh soot, the latter in quantity to give the wash a grey colour. For this purpose a white-wash brush is the best tool to use. Choose a dry day for performing this job. The same wash a little diluted and passed through a hair- sieve, will answer for syringing the twigs and small branches, which cannot, owing to their size and number, be readily operated upon. Trees thus treated will pro- duce finer fruit, and the buds will have a better chance of development. It is in orchards where the trees are planted very closely, or which are deprived of full sunshine and air by being surrounded by trees at too short a distance away, are much subject to be overgrown by moss and lichen, and it is most difficult to keep in check. DAM80NS. — Any pruning which these fruit trees may require may now be performed. This will chiefly consist of removing one of two branches that may cross each other ; and accordingly as the trees are fruitful or otherwise, so must the thinning-out of the branches be severe or the reverse. Trees of the precocious and free-bearing Farleigh Prolific variety should have the heads kept well thinned of spray from the time they begin to fruit, which is at the third and fourth year. On the other hand, the Prune and the Shropshire Damsons do not commence to bear well before they have attained a mature age. It is therefore desirable when planting Damsons to let a good number of the trees be of the Farleigh Prolific. PLUMS. — In the matter of pruning, standard Plum trees require similar treatment to Damsons ; the more prolific kinds and those of a compact habit of growth requiring the more severe pruning. A judicious thinning of the fruiting twigs in these free- bearing Plums, reduces the risk of the trees being crippled by over-cropping, when press of other work prevents thinning of the fruits being carried out as soon as it should be. Prune back any branches on trees of Denyer's Victoria which may have been unduly drawn down into a horizontal position with the weight of fruit. Judicious shortening- back and maintaining sturdy heads on trees of this sort are preventatives against loss of branches from wind when heavily cropped. In selecting the positions for planting Plum trees, where possible it is advisable to keep clear of tall trees and large evergreen bushes or other harbour for bullfinches, these birds doing quite as much damage to the fruit- buds as spring frosts, and January 6, 1894.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 13 they are, in aome places, largely responsible for the lessening of the crop of Plums. In view of the de- predations of these birds, their numbers might fairly be lessened by the gardener trapping them in hard weather. Trapping is rather tedious work, and it is only really successful when a good " call-bird " can be obtained. The buds of Plums and Damsons may be somewhat protected from bullfinches by syringing the trees with the freshly-slaked lime and soot-washes. THE ORCHID HOUSES. By W. H. White, Orchid Groicer, Burford Lodge, Dorking. AIRING AND HEATING. — For some considerable time past the weather has been comparatively mild, and no difficulty has been experienced by the culti- vator in maintaining an evenly-balanced atmosphere in the Orchid-houses, with the moderate use of fire- heat ; and at the same time a splendid opportunity has been afforded us to allow a free circulation of air, an agent which is so very essential to the healthy development of the plants. Fresh air in moderation Orchids must hare, as without it they do not thrive, and without doubt insufficient ventilation is the principal cause of spot and other forms of leaf disease often found amongst the plants. That being so, air should be admitted judiciously on all favour- able occasions by both the top and the bottom venti- lators, if this be practicable. Of course this will oftentimes involve a question of management, as I have found by experience here, in one or two houses where air was always admitted above and below, the plants did not thrive quite satisfactorily, and it became necessary that an alteration of method should be made, and the following disposition of the ventilation was adopted. The lower ventilators were entirely closed by day, and opened about an inch by night, while the top lights were always open more or less as far as outside conditions would permit. Since this has been my practice, no difficulty has been experienced as regards the well doing of the plants. I mention this principally to show that much good may be accomplished by anyone who will try to find out and remedy the causes of failure. Should mild weather continue, much caution will be required in the regulation of the atmosphere in the various houses or divisions, as owing to the smaller amount of fire-heat required to keep up the desired temperatures, an over-abundance of moisture in the air is likely to exist ; to counteract which the hot-water pipes should be made a trifle warmer, and more air supplied, especially by means of the roof ventilators. LITTLE-GROWN SPECIES.— In the interesting and beautiful genera of garden Orchids, many species are much neglected, and among these, Cirrhopetalum, Bulbopbyllum, and Pleurothallis, and some others, many of which are beautiful, and nearly all of them carious. It is of the species that I intend to touch upon from time to time, and to endeavour to gain con- verts to their culture. An interesting and beautiful plant now flowering is Ccelia bella, its rose-purple tipped sepals, and lip of canary-yellow are very attractive; and, if possible, the plant should find a place in every representative collection. Plants of Coelia, as a rule, grow well in the ordinary Cattleya- house, but this variety succeeds better in a house a few degrees warmer, with a moist atmosphere, water being liberally afforded when the plant is growing, then the pseudobulbs attain their full size. After flowering, the new growths readily start away, hence it is advisable then to repot if the plant requires it. The pots should be half filled with clean crocks, and above these the peat and moss, in equal proportions, should be placed, for the plant to root into. TEMPERATURES FOR THE NEXT FEW WEEK8. — The night temperatures of the various houses during this month should be as^follows :— East India- house, 60° to 65° ; Cattleya or intermediate-house, 55° to 60°; Mexican-house, about 55°; and the coolest division, 45° to 50° ; although during excep- tionally seeere weather a few degrees less will be beneficial by day, with sunheat it matters little how ranch the rise of temperature may be, provided there is sufficient air and moisture to balance it. FRUITS UNDER QLASB. By Bailey Wadds, Gardener, Birdsall Gardens, York, APRICOTS. — Where it is contemplated to com- mence the culture of this fruit under glass, no time should be lost in getting the trees planted. Hitherto the cultivation of the Apricot under glass has not been very extensively carried out, and not always successfully. This has been owing principally, I think, to the kind of house used, and the arrange- ment of trees in the house. In some places in the North, their culture has been a complete failure on outside walls, though the past sunny year improved matters to a t certain extent ; but a similar season we cannot expect for many years to come, and the better plan would be to adopt a sure means of obtaining good crops of fruits by growing them under glass. The best position for a house is against a wall facing east, in the form of roof hip, or half-span ; the wood-work of the hip should rest on the back wall, and the front on a dwarf wall of 4J- feet high. The height of the house may be 12 feet at the apex at this point, and a ven- tilator should run the entire length. There is no need of front-lights, although they improve the look of the house. The front should rest on pillars. The house should be trellised throughout with strong wires placed at 6 inches apart, and 6 inches from the glass. This should start from near the ground on the east side. A well-drained border, 12 feet in width, and consisting of good turfy loam and garden soil should be prepared inside of the house, as well as one 12 feet wide on the outside, sloping to the east. Against the trellis and outside the house half-stan- dard trees should be planted, and the shoots trained under the roof. Eight permanent trees of the variety Moor Park, being sufficient to fill a house of about 100 feet in length, if supernumerary dwarf trees were planted between these. These extra trees may con- sist of Plums and other subjects. Apricots being unadar-ted for forcing, and none is required in these glass sheds and the open front facing east, keep the trees from coming into bloom too early in the year. Trees on open walls are usually in flower as soon as those under glass, and in case of severe late frosts, a net or mat tied on the front, makes them safe. The hip-roof resting on the wall is essential for admitting the western sunlight. After the trees are estab- lished very little attention is required beyond afford- ing air abundantly. The trees having their roots in a border outside remain healthy. PEACHES AND NECTARINES. — Where new borders have to be made, or old ones renovated, no time may now be lost. See that the drainage of both is in good order, and for soil use the top spit pasture loam, if obtainable, with a good portion of lime rubbish, half-inch bones, and charcoal. Early forcing is best carried on in lean-to houses of moderate width, with a border of about 2 feet wide, and the front wall built up in arches or pillars. Two rows of trees may be planted, the front row of dwarf trees, the next with half-standards. When the border extends to the back wall, they may be planted with standard trees. Perpendicular wiring, 6 inches apart, is best for training fruit trees, and it was adopted here twenty years ago. The best varieties for the early house are — Peaches : A'bec, Hale's Early, Alexander, Royal George, Grosse Mignonne, and Dr. Hogg ; Nectarines : Lord Napier, Elruge, and Hardwick Seedling. For fruiting later in the season, a span-roofed house 25 to 30 feet wide is excellent. Plant a row of trees on each side, and train them on a trellis 16 inches from the glass. The best varieties for this house are : — Peaches : Noblesse, Barrington's Sea Eagle, Salway, Walburton Admirable, Violet Hative, and Lord Palmerston ; Nectarines : Pit- maston Orange, Pine-apple, and Humboldt. Young trees should not be pruned when planted, but when they start to grow. The cleaning, pruning, and training of established trees in late houses should be completed forthwith, carefully avoiding the crowding of fruiting wood or the cutting out of large branches. In pruning young shoots, see that the terminal is a wood-bud or two fruit-buds and a wood- bud. If brown scale or mealy-bug be found on the trees, syringe them once a week during the resting- time with Lemon-oil emulsion at the strength recom- mended, or petroleum, at the rate of two wine- glassfuls to 4 gallons of soap-suds. The chief thing to observe is to keep the stuff agitated, which is best done by two men, one of them syringing the trees, whilst the other with a syringe keeps the suds well mixed. I prefer this method, as being more effective and cleaner than the old mixture of clay, soot, and sulphur. Be sure that inside-borders and trees in pots do not become dry during the winter, or the buds will drop. THE FLOWER GARDEN. By JoH\ Lambert, Gardener, Poicis Castle, Welshpool. HERBACEOUS BORDERS. — The winter up till now having been mild, advantage should be taken to push on with all outside work. Herbace ous borders occupying an important part of the decoration in moat gardens, are often left for several years without being re- arranged because of the trouble involved. If the plants in an old border are to be transferred to a new one so much the better for them, a9 there is not so much to fear of their suffering from exposure of the roots. The soil should in either case be pre- pared by well manuring it, if light in its nature with rotten cow-dung or leaf-mould, and with stable-dung if heavy, and then bastard trenching it. It will im- prove the soil if during the digging, the dung, &c, thrown into the bottom of the trench be sprinkled with wood-ashes or charred garden refuse. After being trenched, spread lightly on the surface the latter manurial substances, forking them in, and thus afford about 20 inches of soil with the manure equally distributed through it. If old herbaceous borders are to be replanted, all the occupants should be carefully lifted and laid on a vacant plot, and the border treated as above described, butin this case, with the addition of some good garden soil or fresh loam. Charcoal-dust, obtainable in some places, is a good sort of material to add to a soil that is somewhat soured, as that of a herbaceous border is likely to be from lack of proper aeration. Some herbaceous plants thrust their roots deeply into the soil, and these will need to be carefully dug, and it is best not to disturb them too often. Care should be taken to select the healthiest corms, roots, and bulbs pre- paratory to replanting. Irises and other plants with creeping rhizomes which have been left undisturbed for a lengthened period, constantly spread from the centre outward, and these clumps may be reduced to required size by separating the outside growth for planting, which being the youngest, are the best for the purpose. Oa replanting do not repeat the old for- mation, but so far as is possible, give each plant a new place in the borders, care being taken in regard to the height, colour, and also time of flowering, to have the plants so arranged that the border will be interesting in every part all through the season when flowers may be expected. The warmest spots should be chosen for the tenderer subjects. The grouping of the same species of plants may be adopted, putting from three to five in a group, and the size of the group depending on the siza and stature of the plant. Labels being no ornament in any border, as few of these should be used as possible. After planting, around each plant a good mulching of rotten manure may be placed, tender bulbs and roots should have one of cocoa-nut fibre or the manure from an ex- hausted Mushroom or other hot-bed. This will exclude frost, and will do no harm if left on the border, but the amount of mulch should be removed a little at a time after the winter is over. CUT FLOWERS. — If cut flowers are much in de- mand, a piece of ground should, where practicable, be set apart for the cultivation of plants for cutting. The aspect should be southerly, apart from that por- tion of the garden generally used by the family and visitors. Here may be grown a variety of herba- ceous, annual, and biennial plants most suitable for furnishing flowers for cutting, thus preserving plants in the other borders from spoliation and from injury by trampling the soil. Here may be planted the stock of plants left over after planting, which may be planted in beds with sufficiently wide alleys between to allow of walking and carrying a large basket, often an unpleasant and disagreeable task in wet weather with narrow alleys. It will not matter how many labels are used, and in these beds ex- periments may be made with doubtful plants before planting any of them in the principal borders. The warmer parts of such cut flower grounds may be reserved for annuals, perennials, and bulbs reputed tender. GENERAL WORK.— This will consist, on wet days, of keeping all plants clean, removing dead leaves, keeping them cool and as near the glass as possible, so that when propagating commences there shall be strong cuttings to take. Look to stock of pots, pans, or boxes, or whatever is used, soil, &c, and have all in readiness, thus preventing unnecessary pressure later on when every hour saved will be of importance. Order seeds, if not yet done, and have all in readiness. For tender shrubs on walls and in the open border if not yet protected, mats and such coverings should be at hand, in case severe and prolonged frost may set in, and long sticks ready in case of snow, so that trees and shrubs may be relieved at once of this burden before being disfigured. [Our contributor, residing in a mild part of Wales, is somewhat in advance of the season in less genial districts, a fact which readers should duly note. Ed.] 14 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [•ianuaby 6, 1894. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Letters for Publication. — All tommunications intended for publication, as well at specimens and plantt for naming, should be addressed to the Editor, 41, Welling- ton Street, Covent Garden, London, Communica- tions Should be WRITTEN ON ONE SIDE ONLY OF THE paper, sent as early in the week as possible, and duty signed by the writer. If desired, the signature will not be printed, but kept as a guarantee of good faith. The Editor does not undertake to pay for any contributions, or to return unused communications, or illustrations, unless by spicial arrangement. Plants, Fruits, &C, to be Named.— Correspondents send- ing plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research for their solution, must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. Specimens should be good ones, carefully packed and numbered, and not more than tix should be sent at one time. Leaves only, or Florists' varieties cannot, as a rule, be named. UlUBt ration 8.— The Editor will thankfully receive and select photographs or drawings, suitable for reproluction in these pages, oj gardens, or of remarkable plants, flowers, trees, SfC.; but he cannot be responsible for loss or injury. Local News— Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending be the Editor early intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Newspapers.— Correspondents sending newspapers should to careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editor to see. Advertisements should be sent to the PUBLISHER. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. WEDNESDAY, SATURDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, MEETINGS. .Scottish Horticultural Association, Jan 10< Edinburgh. ) East Anglian Horticultural Club, v. Norwich. Jan. 13— Royal Botanic Society. SALES. Jan 8 5 Dutch Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris' I Rooms Jan. WEDNESDAY, Jan. 10 THURSDAY, FRIDAY, 9 ( Dutch Bulb?, at Protheroe & Morrio' * I Rooms. 15,155 Lilium auratum, Roses, Car- nations, Continental Plants, Be- gonias, Tree Ferns. 4c, at Piotheroe & Morns' Rooms. Jan 11 i Dutcn Bulbs, at Protheroe & Morris' t Rooms, Jan 12^ Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris' ( Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.-36' 6 The Tree of N° °n6 interested in plants can Lif™° have visited those uncouth but wonderfully vivid examples of Assyrian life in the British Museum, without desiring to know something more about them. Of this something more, Dr. Bona via supplies an instalment. No one could hope or expect to unravel all the doubtful points connected with them. The would-be decipherer must, of course, be an Assyriologist, and all that that implies ; he must be a philologist, an ethnologist, and a botanist. If he be gifted with imagination, it must be strictly under control, or his deductions will run riot beyond the limits of his facts. 'Every action," says Dr. Bonavia "whether of an artist, speaker, or writer, has a corresponding movement in the cerebral grey matter of that individual. This molecular action is the difficult part to make out, and to discover what was its genesis; for the genesis of an idea may be either traditional, or it may be evolved from social urroundings, or from physical surround- » flora of the Assyrian Monuments. Bf E. Bonavia, M.D. Westminster, Archibald Constable and Co.) ings, which again may depend on astronomical, meteorological, physiological, pathological, and other phenomena. In these investigations we have to try to put back our minds ten thousand years, and look at things, nature, and everything e'se with the brains of those times. This seems almost an impossibility ; but by studying the mental phenomena of to-day, we may, perhaps, hope to creep back to the mental phe- nomena of those days ; from the known to look baok to the unknown of past ages." This extract may suffice to show the spirit pervading this book. If any reader should take alarm at molecular movements of the grey matter (of which, by the way, we know nothing definite), and of the string of " ologies " above enumerated, we may at once re-assure him, and promise him much interest in the perusal of Dr. Bonavi a's book. Whether he will assent to all the author's deductions is another matter. The flora, as here detailed, is a very small one, including the Date Palm, the Vine, the Pomegranate, the Fig, the Banana, the Melon, the Pine tree, the Eeed, the Lily, a Composite of uncertain identity, and the Baobab (?). As to most of these there is no sort of doubt ; the figures that Dr. Bonavia gives, associated with what we know of the Assyrian flora as it now exists, carry conviction. The Date Palm, for instance, is quite unmistakable. Not less so is the Vine. The Pomegranate is almost equally free from doubt, and the Fig may pass muster. The suggested identification of the Banana is very ingenious, and may stand till some one makes a more plausible explanation. The Banana is not, and probably never was, a native of the Babylonian plain, but its fruits might readily have been imported— as they are among our- selves. This is consistent with the circumstance that, while the fruits are engraved on the monu- ments, no representation of the plant as a whole has been found. The Musa has too remarkable an appearance not to have attracted the attention of ihe artist had he seen it. The Melon, or some closely-allied fruits, might well be expected in Assyria, but it strikes us as a bold surmise to conjecture that the crescent-shaped article in fig. S really represents a slice of Melon — it might be the crescent moon. The Pine tree, represented on the bas-reliefs, is referred by Dr. Bonavia to Pinus Brutia. It may be so ; but we think Dr. Bonavia's fig. 11 might as well be taken for the representation of some form of Pinus Laricio. In any case, the upturned branches are very like what is seen in young Corsican Pines. Fig. 12 shows no true Pine (in the restricted sense), but rather a Spruce — a Picea — like P. Smithiana, an Affghan and Himalayan species. The Reeds on the margins of rivers (fig. 12) can surely not be fairly referred to Arundo Donax. But for the leaves on their stems (a pretty large exception), they might be taken to represent a Scirpus, with a terminal inflorescence. As to the Lily, there can be no doubt. The Com- posite and the Baobab are much more open to question, but as we are unable to furnish any better hypothesis, we must content ourselves with keeping our doubts to ourselves. Following this very brief account of the flora, as shown on the monuments, is a chapter on the sacred trees of Assyria. The veneration paid to certain trees had its source, in Dr. Bonavia'n opinion, in the utility of the trees. We love those who feed us. On this principle the Date would have a very high claim to re- verence as a Divine gift, and it furnished in all probability the idea for some of the highly con- ventionalised representations met with on these monuments. As to the Vine, the representa- tions are so extremely conventionalised that certain cone-like objects here figured, have been considered to be Fir cones, Lotus buds, the male catkins of the Date Palm, the female fruits of the same, or bunches of Grapes ! As the Date Palm furnished food, so the Vine yielded drink, and its claims to be a saored tree are thus ac- counted for. Similar reasoning applies to the Pomegranate. A separate section is devoted to the cone- like fruit whioh is so conspicuous in one of the hands of some of the winged figures. The other hand invariably holds a basket or bucket. Dr. Bonavia at one time assigned this cone-like fruit to the Citron, a very ingenious notion, but one which did not command assent. Dr. Tylob, con- sidered it to be the male inflorescence of the Date Palm, with which the bearer was about to effect the fecundation of the female tree. There seems to be no doubt that the difference in the sexes of the Date Palm was known in those early times, but we own we see even less resemblance between the cone-like object and the inflorescence of the Date Palm than between it and a Citron. Dr. Bonavia now considers the cone was a true Fir [Pine] cone used as an " aspergillum," the bucket serving to hold the holy water. A Pine cone would be an awkward thing to use as a sprinkler, and had it been so employed we should have expected to have seen some evidence of the fact. Negative testimony, how- ever, is here more than usually valueless. Bear- ing in mind the way in which resin was and still is mixed with wine, it is perhaps allowable to suggest that the bucket contained wine, oil, or even liquid resin, with which the king was anointed with the aid of the cone. Dr. Bonavia considers it most likely that the cone was a " cedar " cone, but from the representation it is at least equally probable it was the cone of Pinus pinea. But we quite agree with the author that " if we endeavour to discover some deep meaning in every outline those artists chose to make use of, we should soon be landed in a sort of chaos." Succeeding chapters deal with the represen- tations of the Lotus, the Pine tree, and the Pomegranate, all treated with the author's originality of conception and vivid imagination. The chapters dealing with " Horns " as an emblem of supreme power, or as a protection against the evil eye, are very interesting, but scarcely come within our limits, although it is curious to note that the Fleur-de-lys, usually considered to have been suggested by the flower of the Iris, is here, together with the Prince of Wales' Feathers, Britannia's trident, and other emblems, traced back to two pairs of horns bound by a ligature to a central shaft, and so connected with some forms of the sacred tree of the Assyrians ! If the readtr will take care to keep an open mind while reading this book, he will derive both pleasure and profit from its perusal. CHRY8ANTHEMUM JOHN NOBLE." — Thi» variety (see fig. ii, p. 15) is one of the many excel- lent English seedlings snown by Mr. Robert Owen, Maidenhead, at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, held on December 12th. Jno. Noble belongs to the incurved .Japanese section, and the great breadth of its florets, its large Bize, and bold massive appearance, contribute to make it a distinct and desirable variety. la colour it is a dull chocolate crimson, and the reverse of the florets bronzy-gold. It is a good illustration of the "fancy" of the day and of the skill of the cultivator, but it is hardly to be commended from an artistic point of view. January 6, 1894.] THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. 15 LlNNEAN SOCIETY.— On the occasion of the meeting of this Society on Thursday, December 21, Professor Stewaht, President, in the chair, G»n. Sir H. Collettand Mr. H. H. Johnson were admitted, and Messrs. G. E. Greene and A. G. Tansley were elected. Mr. P. L. Simmonds exhibited a collec- tion of New Zealand Mosses formed by Mr. G. W. Camponotns planatns with P;endomyrma Belti, the plant being Acacia Hindsii. Referring to a manu- script letter of Dr. Stephen Hales (the author of Vegetable Staticks, and a friend and neighbour of Gilbert White), which was exhibited by Mr. G. Murray, an excellent engraved portrait of him was exhibited by Mr. Harting, who made a few remarks Borneo. In the discussion which followed, Mr. C. B. Clarke made some interesting remarks on the distribution of these plants in the Indian and Indo- Malay regions, and on the way in which a knowledge of the species had been gradually acquired and extended. On behalf of Mr. R. Spruce, whose unex- pected death the Society haB had recently to deplore Fig. 2.— chbysanthemuh "john noble." (sse p. 14) (As " dressed " for exhibition ) SimmondB, while surveying in H.M.S. Pandora Mr. Murray offered some critical remarks on the nature and value of the collection, which the owner was understood to say would be presented to the Botanical Department of the British Museum. The President exhibited and described two curious examples of associated ants and plant?, namely, Iridomyrmea caudatus with MyrmecodiaBeccari.and upon his life and work. As this portrait was not to be found amongst the 600 engravings of " scien- tific worthies " lately presented to the library by the late Lord Arthur Russell, he offered it for the acceptance of the Society. On behalf of Mr. H. N. Ridley, Director of the Gardens and Forests De- partment, Singapore, the Secretary read a paper dealing with all the Orchideae hitherto recorded from Mr. A. Gepp read a paper on the Hepaticse collected by Mr. W. R. Elliott in the islands of St. Vincent and Dominica, and took occasion to describe in some detail the nature and extent of Mr. Spruce's work, which he characterised as a most careful and excel- lent contribution to botanical science. The paper was accompanied by a series of minute and beautiful drawings. 16 THE GA R DENER 8' C HR ONI CLE. [January 6, 1894. The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Insti- tution.— The fifty-fifth annual general meeting of the members of this Institution will be held at ''Simpson's," 101, Strand, London, W.C., on Wed- nesday, January 17, 1S94, at 3 p.m., for the purpose of receiving the Report of the Committee and the Accounts of the Iustitution for the present year electing officers for the ensuing year, and other affairs ; and also for the purpose of placing fifteen pensioners on the funds. The annual friendly supper will also be held at the same place, and on the lame date, at 6 p.m , tickets for which may be obtained on application to the Secretary, Geohge J. Ingram, at the office, 50, Parliament Street, London, S.W, National Chrysanthemum Society.— We are requested by the Hon. Secretary to state that, owing to severe illness, the Treasurer of the society is unable to sign the cheques for the payment of the prize-money awarded at the December show, and some delay in forwarding the same is there- fore unavoidable. Botanical Magazine.— The January number contains figures of the following plants:— Sobralia aantholeuca, t. 7332. Central American Orchid ; see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1S89 vol. i p 8 f. 1. " F' ' Kalanchoc marmorata, t. 7333. An Abyssinian Crassulad, with shortly stalked, broad, obovate leaves blotched with purple. The symes are stalked many flowered. Flowers 3 to 4 inches long, sepals lanceo- late, 1 to H inch, corolla tube, 3 inches long, creamy white, angular, expanding into a 4-lobed limb, lobes spreading ovate, acuminate, white; see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1892, vol. ii., p. 300. Erythroxylon coca, t. 7334. The plant yielding the now well-known stimulant tonic Coca. A full account is given in the Kew Bulletin, 1889, p. 5. Primus humilis, t. 7335. A dwarf shrub, native of Northern China. The flowers are shortly stalked, A inch in diameter, white, and succeeded by drupes! each about h inch long, ovoid, globose, red, with an acidulated sweet taste after the first frost. JEschynanthus obconica, t. 7336. A Malayan Ges- nerad, with pendulous hairy branches, shortly stalked, ovate leaves, and short two-flowered peduncles. The brightly-coloured red calyx is broadly campanulate, 1 inch in diameter, with an angular tube, and very narrow recurved rim around the open throat. The corolla protrudes beyond the calyx, has a narrow tube, and a four-parted limb, the lobes red, streaked with yellow. It is a beautiful stove shrub, introduced by Messrs. Veitch. The Royal Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— a meeting of the committee, the last in 1893, took place at the Horticultural Club, Hotel Windsor, on December 29, Mr. William Marshall in the chair, the committee being fully represented. The fol- lowing special contributions were announced :— Altrincham Gardeners' Mutual Improvement So- ciety, proceeds of concert, per Mr. W. Plant, Secre- tary, £35 15s.; Reigate Chrysanthemum Society, per Mr. J. Brown, Secretary, £20; Rugby Chrys- anthemum Society, per Mr. W. Bryant, Secretary, £6 17.. 8d.; Bristol Chrysanthemum Society, per Mr. J. H. Vallance, Secretary, £0 lis. id. ; and Leighton Buzzard Chrysanthemum Society, per Mr. •I. Smith, Mentmore, £6 lis. Donations :— Mr! R. Greenfield, nurseryman, Leamington ; Mr. William Jiobinson, proprietor of The Garden; Mr. F. W. Burbidge, M.A.. Dublin; Mr. Thos. Wilkins, The Gardens, Hensridge, Wilts; Mr. Geo. Lemmon', Col- chester; Mr. G. Harvey, Bakewell ; and Mr. G. Mason, Malvern. Boxes :— Mr. R. Scott, Moorfield! Bradford, 15s. ; Mr. H. J. Jones, Ryecroft Nursery,' Lewisham, opening of Chrysanthemum-house to the public, £7 4s. od. ; Mr. Newbould, Rawdon, Leeds, £2 ; Mr. H. Herbsr, Stanmore, Kew Road, £3 10s. 9d.; Mr. George Fry, Lewisham, £1 14s. 9d. ; Mr. C. Gibson, Morden Park Gardens, Mitcham, 15s. 6d. ; Mr. J. Cranford, Coddington, 10s. ; Mr. F. Dodds, Herringswell, 7s.; Mr. A. Reid, Grittleton, 7s. 6d. ■ The Isle of Thanet Chrysanthemum Society, per Mr. F. Miller, Secretary, 8s. 3d. ; and Miss Barron, Chiswick, 8s., making a total of £110 14s. 3d. The chairman reported that since the last meeting £500 worth of Consols had been purchased, thus increasing the sum invested by that amount, leaving an ample balance to meet current expenses. Eleven applications were received on behalf of orphan children candidates for election on the Fund in February next, nine of which were accepted, and two referred back for fuller particulars. In addition, there are seven candidates at the last election who proved unsuccessful. It was resolved that the annual general meeting and election of children should take place on Friday, February 9, at the Cannon Street Hotel. It was also resolved that, subject to the convenience of the Lord Mayor, who has promised to preside, the annual dinner should be held on May 10, at the Hotel Me;ropole. Cheques were drawn for various amounts, including one for this quarter's allowances to children on the Fund amounting to £1S2. On the conclusion of the business, the chairman congratulated the committee upon their good attendance, and thanked them for the year's work, and heartily wished them a hapj y and prosperous New Year, which kindly feeling was warmly reciprocated. Some Fungus Diseases.— Dr. P. Foolino has commenced a series of illustrations of the parasitic fungi which are injurious to cultivated plants. With each illustration is a description of the fungus and of the nature of the injury inflicted, with recom- mendations as to the best remedy. The parts are published under the title " I Ftmghi pici damnosi alle piantc coltivate," and so far relate to the following: — Ustilago Maydis, the smut of Indian Corn ; Monilia fructigina, the mould of fruits; Ustilago segetum, the smut of corn; Exoascus deformans, causing the " bladder " on Peach and Plum leaves ; Puccinia graminis, the rust of corn ; Phytophthora infestans, the Potato blight ; Phyllosticta prunicola, the rust of Peach and Plum leaves ; Gloesporium Linde- muthianum, the anthracnose of the Bean. Preservation of Commons.— The Board of Agriculture call attention to the recent Act of Parliament amending the law relating to common?, with a view to their better preservation, and in connection with previous enactments. By the Law of Commons Amendment Act, 1893, lately passed, it is enacted that an inclosure or approvement of any part of a common purporting to be made under the Statute of Merton and the Statute of West- minster the 'second, or either of such statutes, shall not be valid unless it is made with the consent of the Board of Agriculture, who in giving or with- holding their consent are to have regard to the same considerations, and are, if necessary, to hold the same inquiries, as are directed by the Commons Act, 1876, to be taken into consideration and held by the Board before forming an opinion whether an application under the Inclosure Acts shall be acceded to or not. By the sixth section of the Copyhold Act, 1887, the lords of manors were forbidden to make grants of land not previously of copyhold tenure, to any person to hold by copy of court roll, or by any tenure of a customary nature without the previous consent of the Land Com- missioners (now the Board of Agriculture), who in giving or withholding their consent were to have regard to the same considerations as are to be taken jinto account by them on giving or with- holding their consent to any inclosure of common lands. By the thirty-first section of the Commons Act, 1876, it is provided that any person intending to inclose or approve a common, or part of a common, otherwise than under the provisions of the Act, shall give notice to all persons claiming any legal right in such common or part of a common, by publishing at least three months beforehand a statement of his intention to make Buch inclosure, for three successive times, and in two or more of the principal local newspapers in the county, town, or district in which the common or part of a common proposed to be inclosed, is situate. It follows from the above enactments that an inclosure of part of a common, whether purporting to be made under the Statutes of Merton and Westminster the second, or either of them, by way of approvement, on the ground of sufficient pasture being left for the commoners, or under copyhold grant founded on a custom of the manor, cannot now be legally made without the consent ef the Board of Agri- culture, who in giving or withholding their consent are to have regard as well to the benefit of the neighbourhood as to private interests ; and that any person intending to make such an inclosure should publish notice of his intention in the local newspapers. 4, Whitehall Place, London, S.W., December, 1893. Agricultural Banks.— The association which is seeking to establish these banks in England has for one of its guiding spirits Mr. Bolton King. It says:— "Agricultural banks should be small, nume- rous, easily approachable, ready to receive small deposits, and to grant small credits." It does not claim novelty for its scheme, stating that the prin- ciples on which it will work have already ensured a successful career for similar banks in Scotland, France, and Germany. Should the banks be estab- lished in this country, it is to be hoped that their promoters will instruct the proprietors of small holdings in some more business-like way of dis- posing of their produce than was revealed to us when, some time since, we stood by a labourer selling the Wheat on his allotment. He sold it first of all to an enterprising carrier, who in his turn disposed of it to a publican, the latter transferring it to a farmer, from whose hands the miller received it. Thus quite a small host of middlemen stood between Hodge and the miller. At the same time as he dis- posed of his Wheat, he also, but not without calling into being the same number of middlemen, sold 100 head of poultry. A Prosperous Society.— The Oswestry and Border Counties Advertiser informs us that " the first annual meeting of the Welshpool Horticul- tural Society was held in the Town Hall recently. The balance-sheet of the last show was taken as read, and showed a balance of £111 lis. 3d. It was decided to hold the next on August 9 and 10, in Powis Castle Park, by permission of the Right Hon. the Earl Powis. Mrs. Naylor, of Leighton Hall, was elected President; Mrs. W. F. Addie being re-elected Hon. Secretary ; Mr. F. D. Ward, Secre- tary, and Mr. Matthew Poole Hon. Treasurer. The general committee of last year was also re-elected." Tae hearty manner with which Lord Powis and the resident gentry enter into the affairs of the Welsh- pool district seems one factor in the encouraging success of its horticultural society. Public Libraries and Horticultural WORKS. — A friend who has been visiting the read- ing-rooms and inspecting the catalogues of a number of public libraries in the suburbs, says : — " Con- sidering the interest taken in horticulture by sub- urban residents, and the opportunities they have for gardening, the number of horticultural journals in the news-rooms, and of books in the reference libraries, seems to be not so goodly of proportion as it might be." The remedy is in the hands of the residents rated for the support of the libraries under notice. When such works on horticulture as they desire to consult are not to be found in the cata- logues of the various libraries, residents should memorialise the Commissioners in a letter with a representative number of signatures attached to it. German Arboricultural Society.— The re- port of the second annual meeting of the Deutsche Dendrologische Gesellschaft held at Leipsig in August last has now been issutcl In addition to business details, it contains notes on the trees and shrubs of Japan available for cultivation in Germany; a full and appreciative review of the List of Conifers by Dr. Masters in the Journal of the lioyal Horticul- tural Society by Inspector Beissner, who also con- tributes a shorter notice of Professor Hansen's Pinetum Danicum and of some other papers read January 6, 1894] THE GABDENEBS' GHBONIGLE. 17 before the Conifer Congress. A similar review of Ivohnes' Deutsche Dendrologia is presented. Garten- meister Zabel contributes a note on the genus Abelia, and there is much other matter of interest to the lover of trees and shrubs. Reine Claude Plum— Reine Claude, com- memorated by a race of delicious Plums, was the queen of Francis I. of France. It is narrated of her (says the Bulletin d' Arboriculture), that she caused a man to be hung for stealing her Plums. Shortly after another candidate for the gallows passed by, and on inquiry being made as to the reason for this second execution, the answer given was, "Not for stealing Plums, this time." Shropshire Horticultural Society.— The annual meeting of this Society was held on Monday, December 18, at Shrewsbury, and was presided over by the Mayor, W. L. Browne, Esq. The report stated that continued success had attended the exhi- bitions of the Society during the year, and there was little that called for special remark. A slight decrease in the number of visitors during the second day of the summer show was attributed to the coal strike. The accounts showed a profit for the year of about £850. The committee recorded their regret that the balloon descent on the first day of the show was attended by an accident which resulted in the death of Mr. Whelan, the aeronaut, who had conducted a balloon ascent in connection with many of their exhibitions. The Treasurers reported that the state- ment for 1S93 included the receipts of interest on invested capital £110 9s. ; subscriptions receiver!, £404 18s. ; cash taken at spring show, £15 13s. 9d. ; received for rents, £57 19s. 6d. ; caBh for refresh- ments, contracts, summer shows, £354 18s. 9d. ; takings at gate, first day, £504 15s. Sd. ; second day, £1459 6s. 2d. ; cheap tickets sold by Messrs. Adnit and Naunton, £496 16s. lOd. ; total receipts for the year, £3631 12s. 5d. The expenses included spring show, £85 lis. lOd. ; summer show, prize-money, £645 lis. 6tZ. ; sports and fireworks, £455 5s. ; horse- leaping, £101 5s. 3d. ; bands, £286 18s. 9d. ; hire of tents, gas. enclosing ground, &c, £321 19s. id. ; printing, £143 lis. Id. ; advertising, £156 16s. dd. ; and the balance to be carried forward is £694 3s. 8d. The reports were unanimously adopted. On the motion of Mr. D. H. Owen, it was resolved that Sir Thomas Metrics:, Bart., of Apley, Wellington, be the President during the year 1894. It was stated that since the Society was inaugurated in 1875, it had contributed towards the wealth of the Borough of Shrewsbury to the extent of £5000, and it was likely that another £4000 would be handed over in the near future, though such has not at present been decided upon. MANNA. — Mr. J. Sunger Ward in the November number of the Pharmaceutical Journal, p. 381, has the following note on the collection of Manna in Sicily: — "The plantation visited is situated at Villa Grazia, a village on a pleasant slope near the foot of Monte Grifone, about 6 miles to the south of Palermo. It occupies nearly 2 acres, the trees planted without regard to regularity, but closely enough to form sufficient shade. The Manna Ash under cultivation has the appearance of a pollard Willow, the parent stem being scarcely above the ground. At the time of my visit the trees were in flower, and proved to be the Fraxinus rotundifolia. The proprietor informed me that the stems when 10 years old are ready to yield Manna. One incision covering one-third of the circumference of the stem is made daily, cutting through the bark from the right to the left transversely, commencing at the base of the stem ; the right extremity of the cut is slightly higher up the tree than the left. The season, which is ruled by the weather, usually com- mences in July and ends in September; during the collection about forty-five incisions are made. By the incisions following each other with regularity, like the steps in a ladder, the exudation runs and hardens in a channel, thus the familiar strip of Manna is produced ; this in that particular locality is termed ' Manna Cannolo.' The system of inserting straws or sticks into the incision is not adopted there. In wet seasons, when the exudation is very fluid, a Cactus leaf is placed on the ground to receive it as it drips ; this and the small and broken pieces are known as ' Manna Bottame.' The following year fresh incisions are made adjoining the previous season's, each of which occupies one-third of the circumference ; the third year the unincised portion of the bark is cut, and the period for yielding Manna is at an end. The stems are then cut down near the root; new stems spring up. When suf- ficiently mature the collection commences. Each root has attached both stems yielding Manna and younger ones to replace those exhausted. The average number of stems in use in each tree was four. Each stem yields about half a kilo, of Manna in a good season." The Mildness of the Season in Perth- shire.—We have received from Mr. Faihgrieve, of Dunkeld Gardens, a number of bunches of Straw- berries gathered on New Year's Day in Mr. Athole Macgregor's garden, Eastwood, Dunkeld. Several times during the month of December last, ripe fruits of the Strawberry, also many flowers of Rhododendrons and other shrubs were gathered in the open air. The conditions of weather that favour the untimely flowering of these plants are of extremely rare occurrence. THE SEASON.— The Morning Post states, "As a proof of the exceptionally mild weather preceding Christmas, that a quantity of Primroses and Violets were gathered on Christmas-day from the sheltered nooks adjoining the Alexandra Park, Muswell Hill." We may add to this intelligence, that we received a bunch of Wallflowers that were gathered on De- cember 22, near Abergavenny, in Monmouthshire. Mr. W. Gardiner's Retirement from SERVICE. — Mr. Gardiner, head gardener for a period of nearly twenty years to Mr. F. Scholes, Brooklyn, New York, has, owing to failing health, come to reside in England, his native land. Mr. Gardiner was a very successful Orchid cultivator, especially of the Pbaltenopsids, and specimens of P. Schilleriana, grown by him, were described and figured respectively in the Gardeners' Chronicle for January 28 and April 28, 1888. TuRNFORD NURSERIES. — Mr. Thomas Ecch- ford's employes had their annual dinner at the Globe Hotel, Wormley, on the 30sh ult. One hundred and sixteen persons were present, and a most enjoyable evening was spent. Eridge Castle Gardens. — Oar old and valued correspondent, Mr. Rust, who for many years has had charge of these gardens, having resigned through ill-health, has been succeeded by Mr. Arthur Wilson, untilnow Foreman at the establishment. We are pleased to hear that Mr. Rust has been granted a handsome pension by the Marquess of Abergavenny. Peebles8hire Horticultural Association. — The usual fortnightly meeting of the members of this Association was held in the lesser Good Templars' Hall on Tuesday evening, December 26. After the ordinary business, Mr. James Greive, of Messrs. Dicksons & Co., Edinburgh, read an inter- esting and instructive paper on winter-flowering plants. The Late Mr. W. C. Drummond, of Bath. — " The recent death of this veteran," writes " R.D.," " removes from our midst one of the florists of a past generation. For several years past I had met him at the Trowbridge and Bath shows, which he made a point of attending, and up to within the last few years he was an ex- hibitor at these exhibitions. Some time ago he relinquished business, and I fear he was not in prosperous circumstances at the time of his death. He was known as a Dahlia grower and exhibitor nearly half a century ago, and sent out several varieties that made a considerable reputation. He did not raise them, but put them into commerce, and they bore his name. Beeswing was his earliest flower, as far as I know (sent out about 1845), and it was grown for several years. About 184S, Felix, Meion, Sarah, Minn, and Duke of Wellington appeared ; and in 1851, Bob, a scarlet flower of excellent shape, that became very popular. In 1852, two of his flowers — Sir Richard Whittington, ruby-crimBon, and Alice, fawn and bronze — were figured in the March number of the Florist. Sir R. Peel (scarlet-lake), Utilis, Robert Bruce, British Queer, and Qieen of Whites appeared in 1853 ; and several others in 1854. Mr. Drummond was one of the original supporters of the old National Floricultural Society, and at that period he frequently exhibited Dahlias about the country. His death appears like the snapping asunder of another link in the chain which binds present-day floriculture with that which is past." Differences in Varieties in Timber Trees. — Mention should be made of the difference in varieties of many species of timber trees, and of the capital importance of attention to these differ- ences in selections for practical arboriculture. The White Elm (Ulmus americana) varies so much that woodsmen have several special names for the kinds, of which some are very valuable for certain uses, while others are worthless. The same may be said of Box Elder, Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipi- fera), and Cottonwood. Some differences are due to soil and situation, but the seed of certain trees gives very different stock from that of certain other trees of the same species ; sometimes the varieties grow mixed together in the same region of country, some- times the distinctions are seen only in trees geogra- phically separated. The so-called yellow Cotton- wood of the Mississippi Valley, the wood of which is readily split and worked, is specifically identical with the almost worthless common Cottonwood (Populus monilifera) of Illinois. Agricultural Expe- riment Station, Illinois Bulletin, n. 26. Juniper Berries. — According to a note of Mr. Jack in the Botanical Gazette, there is some diversity as to the length of time required for the maturation of the berries of different species of Juniper. Botanists who only have the opportunity of studying herbarium specimens are equally diverse in their opinions. Mr. Jack, in the course of his work in the Arnold Arboretum, has had the oppor- tunity of watching certain species under cultivation. Juniperus virginiana, the red Cedar, is described as strictly annual-fruited ; J. Sabina is biennial-fruited : whilst J. communis does not mature its fruit until the autumn of the third year after blossoming. Clematis Disease.— In Insect Life, vol. vi., No. 2, M. Ritzema Bos describes a disease in Clematis. A spot appears on the stem, and shortly after the stem above the spot dries up, and the plant dies. The culprit is a minute fly ( Phytomyza affinis) like the Holly- fly. The affected shoot should be cut off and burned as soon as the diseaBe makes its appearance (early summer). New Edition of Brown's Forestry. — Mr. J. Nisbet, J 5, Drummond Place, Edinburgh, under date of December 26, writes : — " With a view to making as complete as possible the new and amplified (sixth) edition of Brown's The Forester, which I am now preparing for Messrs. Wm. Blackwood & Sons, I would ask leave to request, through your columns, infoimation from foresters as to the following points : — I. Current average prices of wood of the dif- ferent kinds and of the different dimensions in any given locality. (a) When sold in situ within the woods. (J) When transported to the nearest large timber-mart. II. The chief insect enemies to woodlands in any given locality. III. The chief fungoid diseases prevalent in woods in any given locality. If sufficient data be sent in response to this appeal for assistance, I hope to be in a position to give a sketch of the different conditions of each tract of Britain, viz. :— S.W., S.E., Centre, and North of England S., Centre, N.E. and N.W. of Scotland— THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January G, 1894. with regard to current average rates for forest pro- duce, and at the same time to give detailed descrip- tions of the chief insect enemies and fungoid diseases, with the best practical means of combating them. If any correspondent would at the same time kindly inform me if the railway companies of EDgland still grant to foreign (imported) timber the preferential rates so justly pointed out as an iniquity in evidence given before the House of Commons' Select Com- mittee on Forestry in 1885, 18S6, and 1887, I should also feel much obliged." [We trust the botanical details will receive attention in the new edition. Ed ] The Suryeyors' Institution.— The next ordinary general meeting will be held on Monday, January 8, 1894, when a paper will be read by Mr. E. J. Harper (Professional Associate), entitled •' Trade Claims." The chair to be taken at 8 o'clock. PLANT PORTRAITS. Anthurium Leon Radziwill and A. Princess Lise Radziwill, Revue Horticole, January 1. Co3logyne cuprea, Wendland & Kulnzlin, Kianz- Hn, Xenia Orchidacea, t. 263. Cypripedioti Rcebelini, Xenia, t. 265. Dendrobiusi sphegidiglossum, Xenia, t. 270. Eulophia Wabbubgiana, Xenia, t. 266, ii. Edlophiella Elisabeth.e, Keubert's Garten- Magazin, January. Listostbachys Metteni;e, KtJinzlin, Xenia, t. 270, ii. Luisia Gbiffithii, Xenia. t. 269. Maxillabia longipes, Krdnzlin's Xenia, t. 262. Moscabi botbyoides, Beoue de I' Horticulture Beige, January. Pholidota sesquitobta, Xenia, t. 266. Pleubothallis gelida, Lindl, Xenia, t. 267, ii. Pleubothallis polylieia, Xenia, t. 268. Pleubothallis Kiefebsteiniana, Xenia, t. 268. Rodbiguezia Lehmanni, Xenia, t. 267. Saccolabitoi Wendladianum, Xenia, t. 269, ii. Tbichopilia Kienastiana, Xenia (Kianzlin) t. 261. '' PASSIFLORA ALATA. We are induced to figure the fruit of this plant, as it does not seem to be much known by gardeners. At this season, when well ripened, it forms an agreeable dessert fruit, but is better em- ployed as a conserve. P. quadrangularia may also be used for similar purposes, and likewise the gigantic P. macrocarpa. This latter was exploited to good or evil purpose some years ago by a swindler. His statements with respect to this fruit had, however, a basis of truth, for the fruit is really very large, and by no means to be despised. By some it is considered to be only a form of quadran- gularis; but though quadrangularis often produces large fruits, it never yields such extra large ones as does P. macrocarpa. Moreover, the construction of the flower in the two species is widely different. Those who maintain the identity of the two species can hardly have examined the flower of macrocarpa. Better known is the fruit of the Brazilian P. edulis, but this is an egg-shaped fruit, with a violet rind,' enclosing scanty but moat highly-perfumed pulp, with little or no flesh. The culture of these plants is easy, though they are apt to be infested with mealy-bug. That they do not produce fruit more readily is due to the very singular circumstance that they are more readily fertilised by the pollen of some other species than by their own, or even by the pollen of other individuals of the same species. When this happens, it is no wonder it becomes im- possible, especially in Tacsonias, to define the limits of species, for the good reason that there are none. The fruit figured on p. 9 was one grown by Mr. W. Swan, the gardener at Bystock, Exmouth. KEW NOTES. Plants in Flovteb.— Leptactinia Manui. This plant was discovered on the Ivongui River in West Tropical Africa, by Mr. Gustav Mann, when collect- ing in that region for Kew thirty years ago. For its introduction we are indebted to the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, from whence a plant was obtained lor Kew four years ago, which is now in flower in a stove. It has large opposite leaves, 10 inches long by 5 inches in width, and in habit is not unlike Coffea liberica, to which genus Leptactinia is related. The flowers are borne in terminal fascicles on the lateral branches, and each flower consists of a green five-lobed calyx, and an erect corolla-tube 3k inches long, with five lanceolate spreading recurved lobes 2j inches long, pure white and fragrant. In Africa this species forms a shrub 12 feet high. There are three other species of Leptactinia, all natives of West Tropical Africa. The genus is closely affined to Randia. Derhatoboteys Saundebsii. This is a new genus of Scrophulariacetu, which was discovered in Zululand, and afterwards in Natal, a few years ago, when it was named by Mr. Bolus, and figured in Hooker's Icones Plantarum, t. 1940. In a wild state it is an epiphyte, its stout roots clinging to and growing in the crevices of the bark of trees. At Kew, where it was raised from seeds received from Mrs. K. Saunders of Natal, nearly two years ago, it forms a straggling branched shrub 1.J foot high, with oblong, ovate, toothed, fleshy green leaves, which fall off in autumn. The flowers, which are developed at the apex of the shoots, along with the new leaves, are in whorls of five or six ; they are tubular, fleshy, H inch long, curved, with a short five-lobed spreading limb, and coloured dull scarlet with a yellowish tinge inside ; they last several weeks. A figure of this plant has been prepared for the Botanical Magazine. Stangeria pabadoxa, vab. schizodon. There is a very fine specimen of this Cycad in the Victoria-house, which has been an attraction for some time by reason of its numerous large healthy leaves, and it is now especially attractive, as it has just developed five very fine male cones, varying in length from 6 to 10 inches. The spread of the leaves is over 6 feet, and the tuber-like stem is 18 inches across. This variety differs from the type only in having the pinnae broadened and lacerated towards the apex. Stangeria is a monotypic genus, and is a native of South Africa, from Natal southwards. It is remarkable for its Fern-like foliage, which puzzled botanists considerably until the cones were dis- covered. ASARDM MACRANTHUM is the moat attractive of the several species of this genus represented in gardens. There is a specimen of it in the T range at Kew, which for several weeks has been a compact cushion-like mass a foot across of flowers resting on the soil, and shaded by numerous cordate marbled leaves like the leaves of Cyclamen, but larger, some of them being 6 inches across, with stalks 9 inches long. The flowers are curiously-inflated tubes with three spreading lobes, and each flower is 2 inches across, dark brown, with a yellow, crinkled margin. A strong aromatic odour is exhaled by the plant. It is a native of Formosa, whence it was introduced to Kew some years ago. It is figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 7022. The genus is related to Aristo- lochia. For an account of all the Asaiums, see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1890, p. 420. Tecojia Smithii. Several plants of this beautifal little green- house shrub are now bearing large heads of bright yellow orange-tinted flowers in the Ti-m- perate-house. They developed on December 23, and so far they have not been affected by the heavy fogs experienced during the last few days. This is cer- tainly a shrub of exceptional value, as it is easily grown, and so far as K»w experience goes, it flowers with much greater freedom than any other Tecoma. For figure, see Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 619, 1893. Ainsli-HA Walkebi. There is a good plant of this most interesting Composite in flower in the Begonia - house. It is 18 inches high, with about a dozen stem?, clothed to the base with dark green, linear, recurved leaves, and each one terminated by an erect spike of flowers, very different in appearance from those of the great majority of Compositse. The flowers con8iat of five spreading recurved white petal8 half an inch long, surrounding a club-like clnater of red anthers, through which the bilobed stigma protrudes. There are only from two to Hire" flowers in each head, and these heads are arranged horizontally on the spike. A. Walkeri was dis- covered by Captain Walker in Hong-Kong twenty years ago, aud flowered in the garden of Mrs. Walker, at Enfield, in December, 1875. Bahbusa nana. There are two distinct plants under this name in gardena, one a dwarf semi - prostrate hardy plant, with short green leaves, usually grown in rockeries; this is the spurious B. nana. The true plant of this name ia a native of India, China, and Japan, ia not hardy at Kew, and scarcely thrives in the temperate-house, whereas in the Palm- house it is a handsome shrub 10 feet high. In the timber muaeum (No. 3) there is a cane of B. nana over 20 feet high. The plant in the Temperate- house ia in flower, the infloreacence being aimilar to that of Arundinaria macrosperma of the United States. A figure of it has been prepared for the Botanical Magazine, There ia a variegated form of thia species in cultivation. W. W. Home Correspondence. VITIS COIGNETI/E.— The note upon this Vine (p. 781 of the last volume) wil', I think, give a cine to the identification of that beautiful autumn-tinted Vine, which for years has been a nameless species in the Knap Hill Nursery, and has puzzled so many as regards ite identity. In my own mind, I had alwaya considered it to be a form of the North American V. Labrusca, and yet it differs from that apecieB in the splendid tint8 the foliage has in the autumn. I have a leaf before me gathered at Knap Hill at the end of September, which still retains its rich crimson tint, and is as perfect as when gathered. The underside of the leaf is covered with a russety- brown tomentum, as in V. Labrusca, and the form of the leaf is similar, but larger. Thia deacription agree8 with that given of Vitia Coignetiffi, and I think that the Knap Hill plant must be the same, and I am more persuaded that such is the case, since Mr. Anthony Waterer tells me that his Vine was originally received through Mesars. Jardine & Matheson, the well-known East-India merchants, whose ramifications of trade extend all over the Eas', so that probably this Vine came through them from the forests of Yezo. When in Japan in May last I thought I had found the Knap Hill Vine wild on the Nikko Mountains, bnt upon comparing my specimens with those in the Tokyo Herbarium, I found to my diaappointment that it wa8 V. Labrusca. It waa rather plentiful about the hills, and I little thought at the time that the North American species had reached so far west. Vitis Coignetice is not recorded among the six indigenous species of Vine of Japan in the Tokyo Herbarium Catalogue ; but perhaps it is a new species. There can be no two opinions about the ornamental character of the Knap Hill Vine (which I shall hereafter call V. Coignetiaj until it is proved otherwise), but the drawback to it is, that it is so difficult to propagate. I believe that they have tried at Knap Hill all conceivable methods to work up a atock of it, but have never succeeded, and only a few plants yearly (I think from layers) are obtained from it. The beautiful way in which that Vine runa over a tall Pinus ponderosa and other big treep, entwined with Wistaria, affords one of the moat striking garden spectacles I have seen. In autumn, when its decaying foliage is in full crimson glow, it is alone worth a long journey to aee. W. Goldring, Kew. AMERICAN BLIGHT.— Under the above heading in your last issue, you described a method of dealing with thia evil. Ab I succeBafully fought the peat last year (1893), I will describe the course I followed. This waa the use of common methylated spirits twice repeated, and it aeems to have been perfectly successful. I had in past years lost several trees, Januaby (3, 1894] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 19 and there was none in my garden that was free from the pest. A man was employed for a part of two days, with a small paint-brush, and about two quarts of the spirit ; the worst sprays and small branches were removed, and the rest had the spirit well rubbed into the infested parts. After a month the blight reappeared to a very much less degree, when the process was repeated, since which time I have seen no sign whatever of it. C. K. B., Old Charlton, Kent. WOOD MANAGEMENT. — Sir C. W. Strickland may rest assured that it has been long proved, to and for a plain reason : it seems certain, at all events, that our over-thinned British woods, grown on the " light-and-air" principle, beat the record for damage done. As to hedge-row Oak and ABh, I not long since valued the whole of the plantation and hedge- row timber on an estate to be sold not far from Hildenly, and my formerly expressed opinion held true of it all, as it has done elsewhere. In North and North-East Yorkshire they seem to favour hedge- row Oak and Ash extensively, and I never saw more big and bad trees of that kind anywhere else. We had much dispute about gttting anything at all frr Fig. 3. — fbuit of passifloba alata (yellow), (see p. IS.) those open to conviction, that such British forest trees as the Oak, Ash, Beech, Elm, Sycamore, Lime, Chestnut, &c, will grow well in a great variety of soils and sitnations ; in the same soils, either by themselves or mixed, and they will produce clean, straight, saleable trunks under exactly the same cultural treatment — their habits beiDg similar for all practical purposes. The girth will depend on their age ; but the time to dispose of them depends upon the purposes for which the timber is used, and its value per acre at the time. As regards damage from wind, evidence goes to show that thin woods suffer worst, the top-wood (hedge-row), and finally an umpire declared it to be not worth leading away. S., The Woods. BULB, SEED, AND PLANT TRADE.— Since my letter appeared in your issue of last week, I have received various letters of approval. In reply to these correspondents, ana for the benefit of others who may have any doubts as to my identity, I give a few details which will doubtless set their fears at rest. Employed in the seed department and office in my father's business (James Smith, nurseryman and seed merchant, Birkenhead), I run no riek of " instant dismissal " for the part I am taking, but I shall doubtless come in for severe criticism at the hands of the proprietors of the large city houses in the trade, with most of whom I have frequent dealings ; but this is quite immaterial, for it gives me pleasure to help those who dare not help them- selves, and their thanks are my ample reward. To a great many in the retail seed trade in the Midlard and North of England, also in Scotland and Ireland, I shall be known as the late representative of Messrs. Sly, Dibble & Co., of London. I now give the pre- mise asked for by my correspondents, and wish it to be clearly understood that any communications ss nt to me on this subject will be treated as strictly con- fidential, that no names or addresses will under any circumstances be divulged to anyone. Thos, I), Smith, 5, Dingle Boad, Birkenhead, CUCUMBER GROWING.— In reply to " J. J. W." p. 772, of the last vol. of Gardeners' Chronicle on this interesting subject, I may state at the outset that total failure has not occurred with me, like that alluded to by others. Market growers and others know there are several diseases to which the Cu- cumber plant is subject, and I am inclined to the belief that many failures accrue more from having the plants in too great a depth of soil, especially in the winter, than to any other cause. Tbis is not of such great importance in the summer when the plants naturally make much more growth. It then follows that if they are planted in shallow soil much more water will be required, and if the state of the soil is not carefully attended to, the plants might Buffer through lack of water. It ia also a great mistake to afford the plants cold water, or to make the soil too rich, more especially for winter Cucumbers. The plan we adopt for winter cultivation (for if they can be well-grown then, they ought to be equally so in the summer, when all the conditions are more natural), is, in my opinion, as good as can be desired (as is seen by the results). The plants were struck from cuttings, put in at the end of the month of August, and some plants were raised from seed. These were potted into 4-inch pots, and when large enough planted into slate boxes— wooden ones will answer the same purpose — 2 feet apart, in no greater depth of soil than 6 inches, the soil resting on about 1 foot of broken bricks and clinkers for drainage. The plants at this season rarely need water more than once in a week. The variety mostly grown here is Sion House, with one or two Telegraph Improved. Under this treatment, if a proper temperature can be maintained, the plants not over-cropped, and neither a too moist nor too dry an atmosphere maintained, there is no cause to fear a failure of the plants. Bed - spider is the Cu- cumber's greatest enemy, but it can easily be ar- rested by syringing the plants with flowers-of- sulphur mixed with water. I have noticed the great difference in plants properly cared for, grow- ing in deep or shallow soil. It would have been well had the style of house these failures occurred in been given by " J. J. W." I would advise those who have failed to grow satisfactory crops to try this plan of having less soil for the roots to work in both summer and winter. I fail to see, if a first crop can be secured, why not a third, or even a twentieth ; or that a properly-con- structed house can be blamed if the usual cultural details are attended to. J. S. G, I have no doubt but that your corre- spondent on p. 772 of the last volume of the Gardeners' Chronicle, in speaking of the failure of his Cucumber crops through disease, alludes to that much-dreaded eelworm disease of the root. I remem- ber the disease first coming under my notice four years ago, when I was foreman in one of the London nurseries where Cucumbers were extensivelv grown. We used to plant about 2500 plants in February, and the same number in June, after we had cleared out those which were planted in February. It was in the June planting that the disease first made its appearance, and as work was somewhat in arrears, we did not clear out the soil in which the early crop had grown, but laid some fresh manure on the soil, and then forked it over. The plants seemed to grow very well for a short time, but soon I noticed that some of them were not making lateral growths, and some flagged. I pulled up one. and the cause was plainly visible on the root. When the plants that were put out in February were pulled up, they were as healthy at the roots as when first planted, and the failure of the next crop was, in my opinion, not through the Boil being exhausted, but through planting in too great a quantity of soil for such 20 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 6, 1834. small plants. The soil was always wet and sour, and soil in this state seems to favour the disease. We had some old Cucumber soil in another house, which was levelled, and plants in pots stood upon it, and after the other houses were planted, there were enough plants left for this one, so the soil was thrown into a ridge and planted. In that house not one-third of the plants reached fruiting stage before the disease crippled them. The soil was really sodden, and not fit to plant in, and it showed me that in a wet and sour soil the disease makes the most headway. In our other houses we managed to get a rather poor crop by top-dressiDg them with good loam. Although the roots which first took hold of the fresh loam were free, as I could see, from the disease, they did not long remain so. In the following year the houses were planted again, in good turly loam this time, and they carried a good crop. I planted a small house in old soil the same year, with the result that every plant was diseased. J. Jermay, Carlton Colville, Lowestoft, MAQNE8IUM LIGHT AND PLANTS — M. G. Tolo- mei, a French horticulturist, has lately been studying the influence of the artificial light of magnesium, as compared with solar light, on the development of plants. The experiments conducted by M. Tolomei were as follow. He made use of nine flower- pots which, for convenience, we will name Ax, A„, A3 ; B,, B2, B3; Gv C„, C3. These he filled with mould of the same quality. In three of the pots, AL, A2, A3, were placed four Kidney Beans of equal size. In three more pots, Blt B„ B3, Indian Corn was sown ; the seeds here again being exactly identical. In the remaining three pots, Cv C, C,, were placed Maize seeds of varying sizes; one pot of each series, i.e., A j, Bj, Cj, was exposed each night for eight hours to the influence of the magnesium light, and was kept in darkness during the daytime. Three more pots (A„, B„, C„), were exposed during the night to the magnesium light, bnt were exposed during the day- time to the solar rays. The remaining three pots Av B3, C3, were exposed during the daytime to natural light and left in darkness during nighttime. The experiments began on September 4, 1892, and lasted for twelve days. The pots were watered each day at the same time with the same quantity of the same water. To make matters quite clear, we will give a table of the results : — Pots. During Daytime. During Nighttime, At. Bj, C, Darkness. Magnesium light. A„. B„. C„ Solar rays. Magnesium light. A3. B3, C3 Solar rays. Darkness. These were the results : — A., came up in seven days. A, came up in eight days. A j came np in ten days. Twelve days after the commencement of the experi- ments all the plants in the pots had come up. The Beans in pot A2 were the finest, and contained the largest proportion of dry matter. Then came those of pot A.,; the smallest and meanest-looking of the lot were those of pot Ar The Maize plants of pot Bj were also, without exception, the tallest and largest of all the Maize plants, and contained the smallest quantity of water as well as the largest absolute quantity and the highest percentage of dry matter. Then came those in pot B3, the smallest and the poorest in solid matter were those of pot Bx. From these experiments the following conclusions may be drawn : (l),That magnesium light is favour- able in some degree to the development of the plants, and (2), That it is even superior to the electric light. S. C. Fyfe. EXHIBITING CUT CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— It is hoped that what was seen so admirably displayed at the recent show of the National Chrysanthemum Society, will determine the committee of that Society to take the lead at all its exhibitions in the provision of classes for bunches of flowers artistically displayed. Some of the exhibits of thia nature at the Aquarium were very beautiful, and must have met with enthu- siastic admiration. But there is one element about cut flower exhibits of this class, apart from their novelty and attractiveness, that makes them specially pleasing to spectators or visitors at shows. It is that even when there is a crowd about the tables every one can see the blooms, because they are brought up to the eye-line. In the case of the ordi- nary show-boxes, because so low down, and bo flatly arranged, only those fortunate enough to get into the front row of spectators can Bee them, and from large crowded shows hundreds of people go away having seen nothing. No doubt, so long as the mere prize-winning element dominates, the arrangement of schedules, the old and now objectionable style of showing flowers will rule. Some day, when com- mittees regard the furnishing of a beautiful exhibi- tion as of more importance than a formal, stereo- typed one, we shall see a reform. Still, I do not see why small or local bodies should wait for the great ones to lead in this movement. They can, at least, Btart with small classes, and so afford their patrons opportunity to compare the low flat-box style of showing blooms with the newer and elevated form of bunches in vases Bet in Ferns or foliage plants. Some members of a gardeners' association with which I am connected wished to offer from their funds prizes for cut Chrysanthemums in small quantities, for competition amongst the members only. I have advised that the box method of exhibiting should be put aside altogether, and that one class be for six bunches of Chrysanthemums, distinct varieties, bunches to be not less than three, and not more than five flowers, to be set up in vases, and to be dressed with Ferns and foliage. The awards to be made according to taste in setting up and excellence of flowers. A similar class for three bunches, from which previous competitors would be excluded, and finally an open class for a single bunch from six to nine flowers, divers varieties. These classes would give the competitors an admirable opportunity to display their decorative abilities, the flowers would be exhibited but for a few hours, and could be set on the employer's tables still fresh and good the next morning. The prizes would not be large, and there would be no encouragement given to those who seem to think the chief mission of the Chrysanthemum is to win prizes. Happily, the Chrysanthemum, under ordinary treatment, gives long stems, and stout ones, too, to its flowers, so that they can be displayed in vases, as desired, in the moat admirable way. That fact was so conclusively proved at the Royal Aquarium show, that it will be a surprise indeed if some effort be not made at all shows to give effect to the demand for more natural grouping or staging of the flowers. I have yet to learn that the pr'nury reason for growing Chrysanthemum flowers is to obtain the biggest, although that is the chief object of the present system of exhibiting flowers, as with them taste, grace, effect go for nothing. We have but to alter the conditions of showing — if not abso- lutely, at least in a large degree — to change the aims of growers, and it is certain that shows and visitors to shows would be greatly the gainers. The rapid increase in varieties of all sections now seen enables growers to exhibit blooms much more freely than formerly, but it is a special recommendation to the vase style that the flowers should be cut on long w* ■•Mir, and thus would be so valuable later for decorative uses. A. D. SHANKING OF GRAPES.— Thia season has brought my first experience of Grape-shankiDg. It occurred in two divisions, but not in the same range, and each has been attended to by different men. One of the divisions is a lean-to, and the other a span. The Vines are planted inside, and the borders are inside and outside in each case. The depth of the borders is from 2 to 3 feet ; the bottom is clay, with plenty of drain-pipes, and from 9 inches to a foot of broken bricks. The soil of the borders is old sod. ballast, brick-rnbbish, half-inch bones, and some of Thom- son's Vine and Plant Manure. The Vines are vigorous and strong, and this season showed enor- mous bunches. All went well until the beginning of the last swelling. The sorts were Muscats, Alicante, Lady Downes, Barbarossa, Gros Colmar, and Madresfield Court, including some rods of Black Hamburgh. In the next division, adjoining the span-roof vinery, were Black Hamburgh, Frontig- nan, and one rod of Buckland's Sweetwater, which did not suffer so much as its neighbour with the late sorts. When I noticed the shrivelling or shanking, I had the outside borders at once covered with boards and mulching, to throw off any rain that might be expected after Buch a dry season. After covering the borders, the Grapes did not seem to get much worse; at all events the ripest Grapes are keeping best. In a short time I shall have the whole of them in bottles. Now as to the cause. I am sceptical on this matter, although I have never had shanked Grapes before ; but during this abnormally dry season, perhaps I may have given them — notwith- standing their good drainage — more water than they required. But strange to say, the vinery adjoining the lean-to being an early vinery finished off fairly well. In another bouse, 70 feet long with the border entirely outBide, and attended to by a third man, we had not the semblance of a shanked berry in the whole house. The Grapes were quite a picture when finished, and the sorts were Alicante and Black Hamburgh. At other places where I have been, and knew nothing about the making of the borders, where some of the divisions had outside and others inside borders, I have never seen a shanked berry. Probably in my case this season, had I been at the end of the hose when watering the borders the Grapes might have been all right. As to tem- peratures, when I was serving with Mr. Sheils, gardener at Erskin House, over fifty years ago, he encouraged high temperatures, securing every ray of sun during winter to save coal in all the divisions of early forcing. This was in the days of flues. In the spring on frosty nights between the walls and the Louses, I have made up twenty-four fires in a night. With Mr. Sheils' practice I remember nothing of shanked Grapes. Calling at Erskin the previous autumn before going to live there, I was quite taken with his Vine wall covered with well- coloured Black Hamburgh. Evennowthe first sight isquite fresh upon my memory. They had strong healthy foliage with well- coloured clusters of Grapes from the ground to the coping, and if my memory serves me well, I think the wall is 16 feet high. When I went to Erskin I attempted the slow and low temperature forcing of previous practitioners, but I soon found that such was not to be. To have Peaches and Grapes early during the spring and early forcing months, those on duty had every cloud to watch and every burst of sun, that no scalding or chill took place. Pro- bably this close attention had something to do with the absence of shanking ; and in another case there was no dropping of Peach buds, through the borders having due attention as to watering during the dormant season. I may state that working upon the high temperature system in June, 1853, I took my first Silver Medal at the Royal Botanic Societv's Exhibition for Dot-grown Grapes. J, Miller, or,, Buxley Lodge, Esher, After reading the disussion on the shank- ing of Grapes in jour valuable paper, I ven- ture to give my experience of this common evil. I quite agree with your correspondent in the issue of Dec. 2, p. 691, that too much water is one very fruitful cause of the evil. We have a large vinery here planted with Muscat of Alexandria in an outside border, and as a rule it shanks more or less every year. During the entire spell of dry weather this year, not a drop of water was afforded the Vine border, and the only covering was some long strawy litter. The results were a good crop of very finely coloured bunches, and not a shanked berry was anywhere to be found. Also, what I firmly believe is another incentive to the evil, namely, a too high night temperature at the period when the Vines are in flower. I am only alluding to one variety, Muscat of Alexandria, as it is a well-known fact that this Grape is more subject to shankiog than any other — at least, that is my experience. While living in the south of England, at a large private place, I had charge of the vineries, and one lot of Muscats, as a rule, used to set ve>v indifferent, so a temperatsre of 75° at night to 85° and 90° by day was maintained. I will admit that the bunches set fairly well, but came to grief at the finish, scarcely a bunch escaped shrivelling more or less. As a preventative to these evils, I would advocate shallow inside borders, good drainage, and to be sparing with the water-can. I do not thereby mean the border should be allowed to get too dry, as that would be equally as bad as being too wet, if not worse; and when the Vines are in flower a temperature afforded of 65° by night and 70° by day, or 5° more with sunheat, a slight amount of air should be let in by opening the front ventilators on bright days, as well as the usual ventilator at the top. The bunches, when in flower, should have some pollen of the Black Hamburgh applied with acamel's-hair brush. I should like to see a discussion on the cracking of that excel- lent Grape, Madresfield Court, by some experienced Grape* grower. Foreman, APPLE EMPEROR ALEXANDER.— With me this is certainly the worst sort to give a crop of fruit, and the number of varieties grown here is over one hundred. Evidently this variety does not like a retentive soil, it being liable to canker, and it is, moreover, sparse of fruit-buds. Our tree has been planted fifteen years. I would caution others about to plant this Apple to firBt consider the natnre of the soil in which it will have to grow. Apart from the difficulty of getting a crop of fruit, the fruit itself is not of really first-rate quality. It may be good-looking, but apart from that there is but little to recommend it in point of utility. K. [Supplement to the "Gardeners' Chronicle," January 6, 1894. WHEELER STREET FACTORY. 155, COMMERCIAL STREET. RUSSIA MATS. FLOWER STICKS & LABELS. SEED BAGS. Per Bundle of 10. BEST NEW ARCHANGEL MATS ... (9 ft. by 4 ft. 6) 103. „ TAGANROG MATS (7 ft. by 4 ft ) 8s. „ HEftV?PETIRShURGMATS(7ft. bv3ft. 10) 7s. NEW LIGHT PE 'ERSBi RG MATS (7 ft. by 3 ft 6) 6s. FURNITURE MATS ... (about 6 ft ) 25s. & 30s. per 100. BEST PLAITED RAFFIA 6a!. per lb. „ CUBA BaST Is. „ TANNED GARDEN NETTING Fur Protecting Fruit Trees. 2 yards wide 4 .. 83. per 100 yards. 163 ., WOOD LABELS. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 inch. 1/7 2/- 2/3 3/3 4/3 5/3 6/6 7/6 per 1000. FLOWER STICKS. 1 1$ 2 2A 3 3J 4 41 5'.feet. 2/9 4/6 6/9 8/9 11/- 15/- 19/6 24/6 30/- per 1000. CANES. BAMBOO, ThlcV, abont 4 feet . Thin Stout ., 5 feet .7 feet Per 100. . 2/6 .. . 2/3 .. . 7/6 . 10/- Per 1000. 25/- 20/- SHEETING. 2 bushel . . ..Id. 1 4 \d. Sid. 2U. lid. HESSIAN. 2 bushel . . . Ud. Sid. 2\d. Ud. 1JA 4 lb. 4-bushel Corn Sacks, 9 (/. each. SHADING CANVAS, &c. FOR PROTECTING FRUIT TREES AND SHADING GREENHOUSES. SCRIM CANVAS. No. Width. 1 35 inches 4 72 .. 6 72 ., 8 72 ., 10 72 ., Fine Flax TIFFANY. HESSIAN. Per Yd. No. Ins. Yds. Piece. No. Per Yard . . 2id. 1 38 by 20 .. .. 3s. 16 72 inches wide . Os. Ud . . 6d. 2 38 „ 20 . . . . 4s. 17 72 ,. . Os. 5d. .. Id. . . 8d. 3 36 „ 18 .. .. 5s. 20 72 , 24 72 „ . Os. 6d. . Os. Id. . . Is. 2d. 4 3ti „ 18 .. . . 6s. 6i. 26 Fine Flax Sheeting, 72 inches . Is. 2d. IMPROVED ORCHID SHADING. 54 inches, lOd. 72 inches, Is. 2d. 100 inches wide, Is. 6d. per yard. GREENHOUSE BLINDS made up to any size from Fine Flax Scrim, Flax Sheeting, or Orchid Shading, bound all round with strong webbing, and down the centre for strength, at Is. per square yard. Other qualities cheaper. A complete set nf samples of above sent post-free on application. TOBACCO PAPER and RAG. MUSHROOM SPAWN. GARDEN MANURES. PEAT and SAND. GARDEN HOSE and FITTINGS. VIRGIN CORK. ROPES, LINES and TWINES. SYRINGES and WATER CANS. EVERY DESCRIPTION OF HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES. ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTIVE JDATALOGUE POST FREE ON APPLICATION. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 135 & 137, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E. CO 8 31 So? 9 m S S3 2 S j5 p r "S O • H - O ° > S H P 2 o <* C 9 o o i- ~ z 5 * b 1 CD i-i << ...» gK! ■3 " 111 w w Q i> d to M hi & H '< 3 t*. hj = ~ 0 n — Ul '< c* :' a bs - p •"I ■ o -i CD (II P. CD — 5 p. H § 03 S a »t- i? z SL 3d So o t— i o r w CO TO' i rJ s. h SCO "■ "• 5 =5 S - » "■ "' g S g -CO " - rj = r-^TO y- I i>*v "f w' -111 k^|§ ^s g* £ X - SP ST? n S ' "c » 3 . S" ffi 3 » E S *T3 3 3 t oq ■osr £<£ w m U6I T3 H -S Pg B 2 00 E = = = i H IIII 50 = H == H S0J J- =3 H £ H £(0 * t. H S H -{0 Ki *S H S .5 S. 9 I 1*1 O Sfi5G<< SB'S | IS Day of M. H£ Day of W. £3 5 1 B" zr^'i - o oS Sir S-*-2 Oi ^ - - - - m CO.* o ■^S«Ei-C0y'!5 = ri3C0J-':5j ■«- v. - - v- ■n>! t n t . O K f-' Day oj M. Day of W. 2 ^O i^^SCOw^^^^SWw^^^^KCQ* Jgl5i4.MKM I Day ol M. ^CO^H^H I Day of W. Oca— (A p O ft- o 2 c 9.3 K U- ^ i: ^ « p g "oi I ° o 5- ™ {J ?": T j. ■£. .- > :'=1? ■■cotoi^ I Day Of M. v^H^^xCO^^^HK^aiTlH^^KQjtf.^^"-:"^^ ,. - |IM, ,,, w ti >v Ci 2i S3 P3 -w M DO r- f8 C3 f*i 33 H S3 ^j * S3 =; r* rA ~*> it li ? ."* » O ne'o B S'o s>^ o c o 5 o c — c"^-„~ - iioiio' j, oij » Kiss?'.' •=■ "-" r % ~ a sjon g. T] 2 s •2 P- ^ s ^ "J & .SB - * ^poS-S'BbIS-^?- a 1 = 1% SJQ -J. ^ H ^ ^ gW O. q H ;= H v;W I Dsy of w . £,S?o 0 » ° i0 a," _,a ui a ^ ° 2-, ft " sa «» *s K ? ^ 5 ^;:d— poso^^^g1 soa « s-H! ill" iai mu? f I 3^3'.' 3-1 ^„S S.m» IJ'h t? 3! - 1 tr — S." ' < ??3 * B« CO :n K J ol 3'E" 3- 0S7B ^hjlf. ■° (Sen- * ""ooo - • p.| __2 "^J1 '%' ai a? I S"?' =Bb! '- = •OS Ill r1 u fin = H ^ H SCO ""^ H * ri i=C0 » -- g ^ S SCO "• ' HsH I Dayot M. g(fl » ^ H s D«y ot W so a s ^ ^kcjoos .2 « ^ ^ o ^ F" ~ ?; ■ K - & 5 K ; c »rgi ■~j S3 j- m ba S S3 « llslilalt Sill ^.ft O' it- ' 5 ««= O W5 B S' = 2 3. ^ OS'S 3 |q SsSb ■- : E: a ■:■' s-= 8 o -•' -A 9-5 fi 3 £ i — ^ ? = i- ggaco»-gg.ggW^"--gg?atoy:'--gg-;-co/^jg?a | [,.„-„,. la ^ o ? & >o* ;. B. ■ = S-^ i \*% 1'PB a ore 3 SB f S' 3 W r1 o w a ^ . . O C3o ^ » o ' - rf =i. ." ?a r ' p .? : Pi 3 " 5? "S ft t 2=^ = 1 11 j- wiw^eti jS?sco ■'HSHB CO « ^ p ^ H SCO 1- »3 ; I Day of M. Day of W, 3 aB & nsbb^S! Ft-" Coo 33 n ^S r= ^ K C r- '^": S" S 2 -- E -- = , M „ I Day of M. 9 ^ 3 H S50O ?SCQD = rf ^W J 3 S5Q CO «g^ I Day of W. ; 33 r: ^ 5; l- ?3 'Off ~ » &3. . <« *^ ■ Si i a. ■5 « ; - so- 53 53.-* = J5 ??? iW'~ = :=--W'_ = »r-TO'":~ = ^aTO « =* o g » ~ ■o >. -r. r- — 7: ? ~ j-gB 3J } to o; - 2.° fell 2 ifl a) -c ^ ■~- s o " =: SfK S O ? " v. r- 5, O *3 a >h II Supplement to the "Gardeners Chronicle," January 6, 1S94.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE (•' THE TIMES OF HORTICULTURE") M W&tthly ElluStrateU journal (ESTABLISHED 1841) Among the Correspondents <& Contributors to recent Volumes the following., out of many Hundreds, may be named:— ALPINE PLANTS ;- BALL, J., F.E S., the late. CHURCHILL, G. C, Clifton, Bristol. CORREVON, H„ Geneva. DEWAR. D., Glasgow. DOD. Rev. C. W.. Malpas. JENKINS. E.. Hampton. AMATEUR GARDENING :- BADGER, E. W. BOYLE. Hon. Mrs., "E. V. B."("Days ai d Hours in a Garden '). BRIGHT, the late H. A. ("Notes from a Lancashire Garden"). CLARKE. Col. Trevor. ELLACOMBE, Rev. Canon. EWBANK, Rev. H.. Ryde. GUMBLErON', W E., Belgrove, Cork. SALTER. J.. F.R.S. WILSON'. G.. F R.S.. Weybridge. WILKS. Bev. W., Shirley. ARBORETUM, &C. ■■— ANNESLEY, the Earl of. ACLAND, Sir T., Bart. ACTON, T.. Kilmaeurragh. ARGYLL, the Duke of. BAKER. W. R.. Bayfordbury. BARRON, W., the late. COURTOWN, the Earl of. DIECK. Dr., Mersebnrg. DUCIE. the Earl of. EGERTON, Sir P., Bart., the late. ENMSKILLEN, the Earl, the late. GROSVUNOK, Lord R. HENRY. MITCHELL. H UNTLEY, the H irquis of. LONDESBOROUUH, the Earl of. MACLEAY, the late Sir G. MEATH, The Earl of. NICHOLSON, G., Curator, Royal Gar- dens, Kew. POWELL, T. H.. the late. POWERSCOI RT, Viscount. RASHLE1GH. J. RUTLAND, the Cuke of. SARGENT, Prof., Arnold Arboretum Cambridge, U.S.A. SHANNON, the Earl of. the late. SMITH, T. A. Dorrien, Esq. STAIR, the Earl of. TREVELYAN, Sir W , Bart., the late. VAN VOLXEM. J., the late, Brussels. CHEMISTRY :— CHURCH, Prof., FR.S. DEHERAIN, Prof., Paris. DYER. Bernard. GILBERT, Sir J. H., F.R.S.. Roth- amsted. LAWES, Sir J. B., Rothamsted. MITCHELL. W. S. MULLKK. Dr Hugo, F.R.S. WARINGTON, R.. F.R S. WILLIS. J. J.. Rothamsted. DISEASES OF PLANTS:— ARTHUR. Prof., New York. BOS. Dr. Rit/.ema, Wageningen. COOKE, Dr. M. C. KLEI1AHN. Dr., Bremen. MAGNUS. Prof . Berlin. MA-SUB. G . Kew. MURRAY, G.. British Museum. PAGET, .Sir James, F.R.S. piulipps, w. PLOWRIGHT, Dr. C. B., King's Lynn. PI'.M.I.IF.I X. Prof., Paris. BMH II. W. G. SORAUEB, I'rof., Proskau. WARD. I'rof. Marshall. FERNS :— BAKER, J. G.. Royal Gardens, Kew. DRUEEY, C. T. HKMSLKY. A. LOWE, E. J., Chepstow. FLORISTS' FLOWERS, &0. :— DEAN, R., Ealing. DODWELL, E. S., Oxford, the late. D'OMBRAIN, Rev. 11. 11., Weslwell. DOUGLAS, J.. Ilford. DOWNIE, J., Edinburgh, the late. HORNER, Rev, K. D. LLEWELYN, Sir J. D., Bart. MOLYNEUX, E., Swanmore Gardens. PAUL. G., Paisley. I i i:NF.R. (.'.. the late. FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE :- ADLAM, B. W.. Johannesberg. Al.miH'', Dr.. Odewa. FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE :- ANDERRsEv, J., Sweden. ANDRE. E., Paris. BENNET, H., the late, M.D., Mentone EH DUE J. H., Utrecht. BUNYARD, H., Short Hills, New York CARRIERS. E.. Paris. CARUEL, Prof., Florence. COSTERUS. Dr., Amsterdam. OLOS, Prof., Toulouse. [Brussels. CREPIN, Director, Botanic Garden, DAMMAR, Dr. Udo, Berlin. DE BOSSCHERE. C . Lierre, Belgium. D» CAND'>LLE. Casimir, ueneva. DEVANSAY'E, A. de la. Angers. DRUDE, Prof., Dresden. DUCHARTRE, Prof.. Paris. ENGLER, Prof., Berlin. ERNST. Dr., Caraccas. FENZI, Cav. E., Florence. FORSTER. O., Scheihbs. Upper Austria. GLAZIOU, Dr., Rio Janeiro. GooDvLE. Prof., Harvard University. GOEZE. Dr., Griefswald HANBURY. T., Esq., Mentone. HANSEN. G., California College of Agriculture. HANvEN, Prof. Carl. Copenhagen. HENRIQUES, Prof., Coimbra. JOLY, C, Paris. KANIIZ, Prof.. Klausenburg. KERCHOVE. Comte de, Gaud. KOLB, Max, Munich. KKELAGE, E. H., Haarlem. LANGE, Prof., Copenhagen. LKHMANN, H., Popayan. LEMMON, J. G., Oakland, California. MAOFARLANE. Prof., Philadelphia. MEEHAN, T.. Philadelphia. MICHELr. M.. Geneva. MONTEIRO, Chev., Lisbon. NAUDIN, C, Antibes. NELSON, W.. Johannesberg. OLIVEIRA, J. D'., Oporto. ORTGIES, E.. Zurich. OUDEMANS, Prof., Amsterdam. PIROTTA. Prof., Rome. PYNAERT, E.. Ghent. REGEL. E.. the late. RODIGAS, E., Ghent. ROVELLr, sig . Pallanza. KoYLF, Mrs. Taulin, Chicago. SOLMS. Prof.. Count. Strasburg. SURINGAR, Prof., Leyden. TRELEASE. Prof., St. Louis. TROUBETZKOI, Prince (Eucalyptus). VILMORIN, H. de, Paris. WIGM *N, Bot. Garden, Buitenzorg. WII LKOM.M, Prof., Prague. WITTMACK, Dr., Berlin. WOLKENSTEIN, P., St. Petersburg. FORESTRY :- BRACE. C. J., Orleans. H'KISES. A. C, B wood, Wilts. FRANCE, C. S., Aberdeen. MAYR, Dr., Munich. MICHIE, C. Y., Cullen, Aberdeen. SCHLICH, Dr., Superintendent, Forest Departmenr, Cooper's Hill. WEBSTER. A. D.. Bromley. WEBSTER. J. B., Gordon Castle. FRUIT CULTURE :- BARRON, A. F., Chiswick. BLACKMORE. R. D., Teddingten. BUNYARD, G., Maidstone. Kent. CHEAL, J., Crawley, Sussex. MAKKHAM, H., Mereworth. RIVERS, T. F., Sawbridgeworth. TUK ON. T . Maiden Erlegh. WILDSMITH. W., the late. GARDEN BOTANY :— BAKER. J. G., F.R.S., Kew. BALFOUR, Prof.. Edinburgh. Htb HEY, W., Lausanne. BROWN. N. E„ Herbarium, Kew. HUKHIDGK. F. W., Botanic Gardens, CLARKE, Col. Trevor. [Dublin. CLARKE, C. B.. F.R.S. CORNU, 'Prof. Mux, Director of the Jartlin des Plantes, Paris, DE CANDOLLE, A., Geneva. DYER, W. T. T., Director. Royal Gardens, Kew. ELWES, II. J., Cirencester. FRANCHET. M., Pans. HAMU'HV. i mum. 'I'. La Mortola. III'.MSLKY, W. 1!.. F.R.S.. Kew. HOOKER, Sir J. D., K.C.S.I., late Director, Royal Gardens. Kew. GARDEN BOTANY :— JACKSON, . I. R., Museum, Royal Gardens. Kew (Economic Botany). LEICHTLIN, Max. Baden-Baden. LINDSAY, R., Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. MAXIMOWICZ,Dr.,late,St.Petersburg. MOORE. F.. Royal Gardens, Glasnevin. MORRIS. D., Assistant Director, Kew. NAUDIN, C, Antibes. OLTVER, Prof., F.R.S., Kew. STRICKLAND, Sir C.Bart. TODARO, Baron. Palermo, the late. WATSON, Sereno, Boston, U.S.A., the late. GARDEN INSECTS i- BLANDFORD, F. McLACHLAN, R., F.R.S., Pres. Ent.Soc. MICHAEL, A. E., F.R.S. WESTWOOD, Prof.. F.R.S , the late. HERBACEOUS PLANTS :— BARR, P., Covent Garden. CLARK. W. A., York. CREWE, Rev. H. Harpur, the late. DOD, Rev. C. W., Malpas. ELLACOMBE. Rev. Canon. ELWES, H. J., Cirencester. EWBANK. Rev. H.. Ryde. FOSTER, Prof., Cambridge. HARTLAND, Baylor, Cork. POTTER, W., York. WILSON. G. F.. F.R.S.. Weybridge. INDIA AND THE COLONIES ■.- BANCROFT, G.. M.D., Queensland. BENNETT, G., M.D., Sydney. Ihe late. BOLUS. H.. Capetown. BROADWAY, W. E., Royal Botanical Gardens, Trinidad. CRADWI 'K, W. Hope, Botanic Ga- den. Kingston, W.I. DUTHIE, J. F., Saharunpore. FAWCETT,W.,8uperintendentBotaui- cal Department, Jumaica FORD, C. Hong Kong. HART, J. H., Superintendent. Botanical Department, Trinidad. EM THURN, Everard, British Guiana. JENMAN, J. S., British Guiana. KING, Dr., FRS., Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta. KIRK. J , Wellington, N.Z. LAWSON. Prof., Halifax. Nova Scotia. MACOWAN, Prof., Cape Town MACOUN, Prof., Ottawa. MOORE. 0.. Sidney. MUELLER, Baron Sir Ferd. von MURTON, H. J., Siam. [Melbourne. RIDLEY, H. N., SuperintendentBotani- cal Department, Singapore. SAUNDERS, Prof., Ottawa. SMITH. T., Timaru, New Zealand. STOREY, H. Oodeypore. TRIMEN, H., F.R S., Director Royal Gardens Ceylon. WOOD, Medley, Botanic Garden, Dur- I ban. And many others. LANDSCAPE GARDENING :- ANDRE, E., Paris. BAINES, T., Southgate. BARRON. W., Elvaston. the late. BoSl'AW I N, Hi i, and I:, i .1 r the BURVENICH, F., Ghent. [late. CHEAL. J., Crawley. GOLDRING, F., Kew. JACKMAN, J., Woking. JULIAN. G. R. MAWSON. Windermere. ORCHIDS :- ANDFRSON. J. BULL, W., Chelsea. [Glasgow. BIILLEN, R., Botanic Gardens, BUYSSON, M. lo Comte. COOKSON, N., Wylam-on-Tyne. 11(11, MUM. W , Timiierley. KRANZLIN. Dr., Berlin. LAWRENCE, Sir Trevor. Bart., M.I'., President, Royal Horticultural Soc. LINDEN, Lucien. Brussels. LOI'IIIAN, the Marquis of. O'BRIEN, James. PFITZER, Prof., Heidelberg. REIC1IENBACH, Prof., (he late. BRNDLE, a. B., Brit, Mus. ROLFE, R. A., Kew. ROSS, Comm.. Florence. ORCHIDS :- SANDER, F., St. Albans. SMEE, A. H., Wallington. SWAN, W. VEITCH. H. J., F.L.S.. Chelsea. WHITE, R. B., Arddarroch. PRACTICAL GARDENING :- ATKINS, J. BAILLIE, W. M., Luton Hoo Gardens BAINES, T., Southgate. BENNETT, W., Rangemore Gardens. BLAIR, T., Shrubland Gardens. CARMICHAEL. C. A. M. COLEMAN, W., Eastnor Casth Gardens. COOMBER. J., TheHendre. Monmouth COOMBER, W., Regent's Park. CRASP. T H., Swansea. CROSSLING, R., St. Fagan's Casth Gardens. CULVERWELL, W., Thorpe Perrow. DEAN, A. DEWAR, D., Royal Gardens, Kew. DIVERS. W. H., Kettou Hall. DOUGLAS, J., Great Gearies, Hford. DUNN, M., Dalkeith. EARLEY, W., Ilford. FINDLAY, B., Manchester. FISH, D.T., late of Hardwicke Gardens GRIEVE, P., Bury St. Edmunds. HARROW. W., Sheffield Botanical Gardens. HEMSLEY, A. HERRIN, C, Dropmore. HUDSON, J., Gunnersbury House. INGRAM, W., Belvoir Gardens. LYNCH, R. J., Botanic Gardens Cambridge. MELVILLE, D., Dunrobin Gardens. MILES, G. T., Wycombe Abbe; Gardens. (Fruit.) MILLER, W., Coombe Abbey. (Fruit. | MILNER. R.. Penrice Castle MOORE, F. W., Royal Botanic Garden Glasnevin. POWELL, D. C, Powderham Castle. PRINSEH, H. C. Uckfield. RIDDELL, J., Castle Homni. ROSS, F., late of Pendell Court Bletchingley. RUST, J.. Eridge Castle. SAUL, M., York, the late. SHEPPARD, J., the late. SMITH, J., Mentmore Gardens. SMYTHE, W., Basing Park. TEMPLE, M„ Carron House, N.B. THOMAS, O., Frogmore. THOMSON, W., Clovenfords (Vines) WADDs, B., Bird-all, Yurk. WALLIS. J., Kei'le Gardens. WARD, H. W., Longford Castl. Gardens. WATSON, W., Royal Gardens, Kew. WEBSTER, J., Gordon Castle Gardens WILDSMITH, the late W. WILSON, D. WYTHES, G., Sion House Gardens. And many others. ROSES :— BENNETT, H., the late. Shepperton. D'OMBRAIN, Rev. H. H. Westwell, Kent. FISH, D. T.. late of Hardwicke, Bury St. Edmunds. FISHER, Rev. O. GIRDLESTON, T. W.. Sunningdale. MAWLEY, E., Berkhamsted. PAUL, G., Cheshunt. PAUL. W., Waltham Cross. VIVIAN-MOREL, Lyons. VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY, &c. :- BENNETT, A. W. BONAVIA, Dr. E. BOULGER, Prof. DARWIN, the late Charles. DE VRIES, Hugo. FOSTER, Prof. Michael. Cambridge. GARDINER, W., Cambridge. GLAISHER, James (Meteorology). GOEBEL, Prof., Munich. GOODALE, Dr., Boston, U.S.A. GRAVIS. Prof., Liege. HF.NSLOW. Rev. G. Ealing. MACLEOD. Prof., Ghent. OLIVER, Prof. F. W. WALLACE. Alfred. SOI MS, Count, strnsburg. Jantjaby 6, 1894.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 21 THE INTERNATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHI- BITION OF 1866. — The evidently hurried notice of the death of Brofessor Bentley in yonr last issue allowed no mention to be made of his haying been a member of the committee which so successfully conducted the great international exhibition of 1866, undoubtedly the finest international horticul- tural display ever held in this country. That is some twenty-eight years aeo, or nearly so. and myriads of readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle of to-day only know of that gathering by tradition. I hare before me now an admirably preserved photograph of the committee of that exhibition, taken after the con- clusion of the Bhow ; it contains twenty-one por- traits, and the death of Professor Bentley serves to recall the melancholy interest that attaches to this picture, because it tells of yet another of that eminent group of horticulturists who have gone over to the great majority. Of the twenty-one persons in the photograph, no fewer than thirteen have parsed away, and but eight remain. Sir Charles Dilke, Messrs. Jas. Veitch, C. Lee, C. Turner, Thomas Moore, J. Gibson, Bobert Fortune, T. Edmunds, Thos. Osborne. John Standish, B. S. Williams, and, finally, Professor Bentley, make up the list of those who can never again respond to their names. The living include the veteran John Lee, also Messrs. W. Paul, W. Bull, H. J. Veitch, and R. Dean, Sir Daniel Cooper, Dr. Masters, and Dr. Hogg. Could such another grand international exhibition be organised, there are still a few who could assist in its promotion by giving of their 1866 experience. It may be that, as the old adage runs, there is as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it, but still it is evident that the 1866 committee comprised a body of horticulturists that may be equalled, but hardly could be excelled. A. D. THE SEA80N IN SWITZERLAND.— I cannot believe Christmas is here, the weather has been so mild and fine, without either snow or much frost, that it has been more like a long autumn than a winter. I read in the papers of unheard of things ; ripe Raspberries, and several dozens of them, were gathered near Lausanne, and this a third crop on the plants this year. Also in a vineyard above Lutry, new Bhoots which had grown on a Vine having perfectly-formed bunches in full blossom could be seen this week, and is proof of the wonderful weather we have had this year; for such a thing has never been heard of in the memory of man. Lausanne, December 21, 1893. MEMORIAL TREES AT 08BORNE.— Respecting the Memorial Tree planted at Oiborne by the late D an Stanley, it is not a Janiperus as your corre- spondent supposed, but Tbujopsis dolabra'-i. The account given in the Catalogue of Memorial Trees planted at Osborne is the following: — "Planted (Woodman's Drive) by Dean of Westminster to the memory of Lady Augusta Stanley, April 13, 1877." The following is a list of species of Juniperus grow- ing at Osborne : — J. bermudiana, a small plant sent from Kew three years ago ; J. venusta, J. japonica variegata, J. Schotti, J. religiosa, J. rigida, J. drupacea. Many tender plants grow out-of-doors at Oiborne, and Camellias are now in flower out-of-doors A Pear tree was in full flower on December 23. 8. N. Cooling, ODONTOGL08SUM ROSSI MAJU8.— I have the pleasure to enclose a spray of two blooms of Odon- toglossum Rossi msjus, the sizs of flower and markings being so unusually large and distinct, and calling forth expressions of admiration and surprise from several Orchid-growing visitors who have seen it, leading me to believe it worthy of notice. The diameter measures 4 inches. The bright yellow on the crest of the lip, with a distinct purplish blotch on either side, is a marked feature of these flowers, and the flower-stalk 9 inches and over in length. The leaves are larger than any other specimen in my collection. Henry Billinghurst. [A remarkably fine specimen, clear white, with richly-coloured spots. Ed.] PINUS IN8IGNIS— When in the year 1878 I lived as gardener at Mount Shannon, the Limerick resi- dence of Lady Louisa Pitzgibbon, there existed, and I daresay still exists, the finest specimen of the above tree that I ever beheld. The height of the tree was at that date 98 feet, and circumference of the lowest tier of branches which were resting on the ground was 97 feet; the dimensions of the bole I did not measure, but suffice it to say, it was in pro- portion to the height and width of the tree. The branches from the base to summit were well balanced, and were of a vivid green. The surface-soil was a yellow loam, with a clayey subsoil resting on a lime- stone bottom. I may mention that this tree stood in the pinetum, which contains one of the best col- lections and finest specimens of Conifers in these islands. Among the most remarkable specimens therein may be named Abies pinsapo and A. Doug- lasii. also A. nobilis. If I remember rightly, Mr. H. J. Veitc h, of the Chelsea nurseries, paid a visit to Mount Shannon in 1876, and expressed himself much pleased with the pinetum. In another part of the park, about half a mile from the pinetum, were then to be found about a dozen of Araucaria imbricata standing in one group, and growing in about 9 inches of soil, which rested on the solid limestone rock. These trees alone were well worth a visit from any distance, for they were feathered from the base to the summit with healthy branches. I believe Mount Shannon is at the present time un- inhabited— more is the pity, for besides the splendid pinetum, there is one of the finest and best modelled kitchen gardens extant. Hugh Lynch. Richard Spruce. — The death took place recently at Castle Howard, Malton, of Mr. Richard Spruce, P.L.S., the well-known botanist and traveller, aged sixty- six years. The deceased had laboured assiduously in the interest of botanical and other sciences. He was the son of a school- master on Earl Carlisle's estate. His early botanical researches led Sir William Hooker, Humboldt, and other leading scientists of the day to take an inte- rest in him. In 1849 he was sent to South America in the interest of the Royal Gardens at Kew. Previous to this he had visited the Pyrenees, and his work. The Muscology of the Pyrenees, has drawn much attention. His mission for the Kew authorities developed into an important scientific and com- mercial investigation, extending over fifteen years. Mr. Spruce thoroughly explored the River Amazon, and crossed the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific, penetrating regions not before visited by man. He was one of the pioneers who introduced the quinine-yielding tree into India, and the culti- vation of Peruvian bark to our Eastern possessions. Other results of his long course of travel were the collection and description of 7000 species of plants, Ferns, and trees, many of them new, and some of which have since proved of great commercial value. On his return to England the Government gave him a pension for the valuable services he had rendered to botanical science. Since then, owing to failing health, he had lived a retired life in his native place, occasionally writing on Mosses and Liver- worts. Times. [Mr. Spruce in former years was an occasional correspondent of this journal. Ed.] Trade Notice. Mb. Abthub Robinson, seed merchant, &c, for- merly of 8, Leadenhall Street, has taken larger premises, at 1a, Bishopsgate Street Without, E.C., where he intends to add to his present business that of a florist. Shebwood Hall Nubseby Company. — We are informed that the Sherwood Hall Nursery Co., of 427—9, Sansome Street, San Francisco, have adopted the title of the Sunset Seed and Plant Co. This is merely a change of name, the personnel, affairs, and location of the business remaining as formerly. Enquiry. " He that quettioneth much shall learn much."— Bacon. A cobbespondent, " W. C," would be glad if any of our correspondents could tell him why Rhubarb- stalks go off in a young state. He forces a quantity in the greenhouses, where they are exposed to all the light possible, have a fair amount of water, and a genial temperature of about 65°. The roots he forces are from four to six years old, well grown out in the open, but they do not produce half the quantity they ought. In pits he can do them well, but in the houses they are often a failure. When the roots are taken up from the open ground, they are laid in trenches, with soil well shaken in amongst them. [By the term " aocumulated temperature" 1b meant the aggregate amount, as well as the duration, of degrees of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result is expressed in Day- degrees — a " Day-degree " signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.J Temperature. o ^« o zn « S fc a. ®"2 o-b S Accumulated. o © CM « > s ■4 ill Day- deg. Day- deg. 5 + £2 9 6 + 21 11 4 + 10 19 1 + 4 35 3 + 8 30 1 + 9 25 6 + 25 0 4 + 22 6 2 + 21 7 5 + 24 4 5 + 31 0 1 + 25 0 Day- deg. + 518 + 313 + 441 + 517 + 657 + 577 + 502 + 779 + 707 + 551 + 602 + 835 :.SS i .- IS- Rainfall. CO X! . 2 *+ Ik £ * PS •-1 s-B 8 a As • + 9 3 °* o ss 6 _ i Z 1 o H Bright Sun. «.9 3g Day deg. lOths Inch. Ins. — 49 3 — 252 58 5 — 23 1 — 199 274 — 68 4 — 173 21 0 — 33 4 — 171 21-1 — 39 4 — 164 207 — 52 5- 162 23-6 — 65 2 + 205 42 8 — 131 2 — 191 31-5 — 81 7 — 173 33 8 — 97 1 + 217 340 — 106 1 + 189 328 — 70 8 — 185 28-7 a a 5 2 £J3 The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following : — 0, Scotland, N. Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, E-; 2, England, N.E. : 3. England, E. ; 4, Midland Counties; 6, England, including London, S. Principal Grazing, lie Districts— i, Scotland, W. ; 7, England, N.W. ; 8, England, S.W. ; 9, Ireland, K. 10. Ireland. S. ; * Channel Islands. Markets, CO VENT GARDEN, January 4. [We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the sub- joined reports. They are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that these Quotations do not represent the prices on any particular day, but only the general averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples, the supply in the market, and the demand; and they fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day. Ed. 1 Out Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. Arum, per doz. bl. ... Azalea, p. 12 sprays Bouvardias, per bun. Camellias, doz. blms. Carnations, 12 blms. Chrysanthemums, 12 bunches ... — doz. blooms ... Eucharia, per dozen Gardenia, per dozen Hyacinth, Roman, 12 sprays Lilac (Fr.), per bun. Lilium Harrisii, doz. Lily of the Valley, per dozen sprays... Maiden Hair Fern, 12 bunches Marguerite, 12 bun. Mignonette, 12 ban. Primula, dble. p. bun. t.d. s.d. 3 0-60 0 9-10 0 6-10 10-26 16-26 2 0-60 0 6-30 4 0-60 3 0-60 0 6-09 4 0-60 6 0-12 0 10-20 4 0-60 16-30 2 0-40 0 6-10 i. d. I. d. Narciss, French, white, 12 bunches ... 2 — yellow, 12 bun. , 1 Orchids : — Cattleya, 12 blms. 6 OdontoglOBsum orispum,12blms. 2 Pelargoniums, scar- let, p. 12 bun. 4 — 12 sprays ... 0 Poinsettia, 12 blooms 4 Roses, French, p. doz. 0 — — p. boxof 100 3 — Tea, per dozen 0 — coloured, dozen 2 — yellow (Mare- ohalB),per doz. 3 — red, perdozen... 1 Tuberose, 12 blms. 0 Violets,Parme,p.bn. 3 Czar, per bun, 2 English, per doz. 1 0-3 0 6-2 6 0-6 0 0-9 0 6-10 0-6 0 9-16 0-6 0 6-2 0 0-4 0 0-6 0 0-16 4-0 6 0-5 0 0-3 0 6-2 0 Orohlu-BLOOM in variety. .).> THE GARDENER S' GHR ONI CLE. [January 0, 1894. Plants ur Pots.— average Wholesale; Prices. t.d. t. Adiantum, per dor, 6 Aspidistra, per doz. 15 — specimen, each 7 Azalea, per doz. ...24 Chrysanthemums, doz 6 Cyperus, per dozen 4 Draceena, each ... 1 Erica, various, p.dz. 9 Evergreen Shrubs, in var., per dozen ... 6 Ferns, various, doz. 4 — small, per 100 4 Ficos elastica, each I d. i. d. 0-12 0 0-30 0 ft-21 0 0-3S 0 0-9 0 0-10 0 0- R 0 0-24 0 0-21 0 0-9 0 0-6 0 6-7 6 t.d. Foliage plants, doz.12 0-42 0 Hyacinths, p. doz.... 6 0-90 Lily of the Valley, p. doz. pots 15 0-24 0 Marguerites, perdoz. 6 0-12 0 Mignonette, doz. pots 6 0-9 0 Palms, various, each 2 0-10 0 — specimens, eachlO 6-84 0 Poinsettias, per doz.12 0-15 0 Primulas, per dozen 4 0-60 Solanums, perdoz.... 9 0-12 0 Tulips, p. doz. pots .60-80 Apples, per bush. Cobs, per 100 lb. &rapes, per lb. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Pricks. $.a. t.d. ... 16-70 ...45 0- ... ...10-3 0 Pine-apples, St. Mi- ohael, each ... 2 6- Vegetables. Average Eetaxl Prices. t.d. g. d. Beans, Frenoh, lb..„ 1 6- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Carrots, per bunch... 0 4-06 Cauliflowers, eaoh ... 0 2-04 Celery, bundle ... 10-13 Cucumbers, each ,„ 10-16 Endive, per dozen ... 1 3- 1 6 Herbs, per bunoh ... 0 3-10 I t.d. Lettuoes, per doz. ... 1 3 Mushrooms, pnnnet 1 3 Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 3 Parsley, per bunch... 0 2 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 3 Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 0 Turnips, per bunoh, ,. 0 4 t.d, - 2 0 - 2 0 0 3 0*6 Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- P0TA.T0S. The holidays (since last report) have put a stop to trade, Stocks held over being heavy. J. B. Thomas, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Eorough; Jan. 2.— Quotations . Savoys, 4s. to 8s.; Cauli- flowers, 8s. to 9s. per tally ; Turnip3, Is, Qd. to Is, 9<2. ; Carrots, 2s. to os. ; Pars'ey, Is. to Is. 9d. per dozen bundles ; Onions, 5s. &d, to 6s. 8d. per bag ; English do., 6s. 6d. to 7s. per cwt. ; Apples, Is. ijd. to Ss. per bushel. Stratford: Jan. 3. — There has been an excellent supply of all kinds of produce at this market during the past week, and a good trade was dooe at the undermentioned prices : —Cabbages, Is. 6d. to 4s. per tally; Savoys, 3s. to 5s. do.; Greens, Is. to Is. 3d. per Bieve; do. Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. per dozen bunches; Cauliflowers, 9(2. to Is. Qd. per dozen; do., 3s. to 7s. per tally ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. Gd. to Is. 9d. per half-sieve; do. 2s. 6rf. to 3s. per sieve; Celery, 8d. to Is. per roll ; Horseradish, Is. Sd. to Is. Qd. per bundle. Turnips, Is. 3d. to Is. Qd. per dozen bunches; do,, 20s. to 40s. per ton ; Carrots, household, 40s. to 50s. per ton ; do., cattle- fee ding, 26s. to 35s. per too ; Parsnips, Sd. to Is. per score; Mangels, 22s. to 25s. per ton ; Swedes, 20s. to '23s. per ton; Onions, English, 160s. to 183s. per ton; do., Dutch, 6s. to 6s. 64. per bag ; do. Valencia, 7s. to 7s. &d. per case ; Apples, Eoglish, 3s. to 7s. Qd. per bushel. Farringdon: Jan. 4.— Quotations : Sprouts, Is. 3d. to 1*. 6d. per bushel ; Celery, 9s. to 10s. per dozen bundles ; Carrots, 50s. per ton; Parsnips, 60s, do.; Onions, English, £8 to £d do.; Apples, English, 3s. Gd. to 7s. per bushel; Grapes, lis. 6d. to 12s. 6d. per barrel. Mr rrejpondcntr. Address : P. McLeod. The address of the firm is Chad Valley, Birmingham. Apples, Fears, Plums, and Raspberries for a London Garden : G. Elder. Trench the soil down to the clay, but do not bring up the lower spit if very clayev ; but dig it over all the same. Plant Summer Golden, Scarlet Golden, Cox's Orange, : Kerry, and Downton Pippins, Lady Sudeley, Worcester Pearman, Red Juneating, QuarrendeD, Duke of Devonshire, and Mother. If you care for kitchen varieties, choose Lord Suflield, Manx Codling. Cellini, Hawthornden, Yorkshire Beauty, Betty Geeson, Bramtey's Seedling, Lane's Prince Albert, and Northern Greening. For Plums choose the following :— Early Fivers', The Czar, Sultan, Victoria, Pond's Seedling, Monarch (Rivers), Grand Duke, Magnum Bonuro, Green Gage, Jefferson, Coe's Golden Drop, and Kirke's ; the last four good dessert varieties. Raspberries — Red and Yellow Antwerp, Baumforth's Seedling, Hornet — a fine French kind. Before planting, be careful to drain your heavy soil with pipes laid in, at the least, 3 feet deep and 20 feet apart, conducting the water to a dry-well or a house- drain. Have some fruit bushes all over the ground to keep it warm and moist; the trees will grow faster and better. A New kind of Writing for Wood Labels : T. II. D. The writing on the label, written with one of Abbott Bros.' pencils, which appears to have burnt into the surface of the wood, is of a good durable kind; and if hard wood be used, and it is coated with varnish, would last ten or twelve years. Books : 8. Market fruits do not differ from garden fruits, except perhaps in their consisting mostly of such varieties as are heavy croppers of poor flavour. But this should be altered, and a few fine-looking well-flavoured early or late varie- ties grown instead. As regards the Pear, Apple, Peach, Plum, Cherry, and Apricot, the best manual is Du Breuil, Ike Culture of Fruit Trees (English edition), published by Lockwood & Co., Stationers' Hall Court, EC. Another useful book containing directions for wholesale culture, marketing, and packing of fruit, is Fruit Farming for Profit, by G. Bunyard, published by F. Bun- yard, 29, Week Street, Maidstone. A useful hand- book on market vegetables is Kitchen and Market Garden, published by Macmillan & Co., Bedford Street, Covent Garden, W.C Your second question is included in your first, and Du Breuil's book affords the desired information. — Gardeners' Assistant and Practical Gardener : A, L. You are likely to sell them at a fair price at a good second-hand book-shop ; or you might adver- tise them. We are not in position to afford you employment. Correction. — In answering C L.'s book query in our issue of last week, we should have stated that The Carnation and Picotec Manual (2nd edition) was published in 1892 by Mr. W. Bacon, of Derby, and Mr. B. Wynne, 1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London. — Gartcnjlora. Prof. Wittmack, editor of the Gartenflora, desires to state that this publica- tion will give coloured plates, and all will remain as before, only the number of Bheets will be reduc;d from 48 to 42. Extra Subjects, Natural Science Classes : Quiz" Plant physiology, agricultural chemistry, and freehand drawing. Fungus on Cattleya Mossi;e: H. B. Unfortu- nately old, and all the spores are dispersed, but from the appearance, there is little doubt of its Glaosporum affinity, which attacks Orchids. From the absence of spores, it is impossible to be certain of the species. There is plenty of mycelium at each of the spots. M. C. Cooke. Lawn Weedy and Coarse: C. 1. Extirpate by spudding the worst of the weeds and coarse species of grasses; and, having done that, fill up the holes made with loam, treacling it down firmly, and dress the lawn with sifted soil, one-third heavy loam is best; burnt-earth one-third, also sifted, and wood-ashes one-third. This dressing should be so laid on that the grass is just visible and no more. When this dressing has disappeared, as it will be in a month afterwards, another equally heavy one may be afforded. These aids to growth will cause the rapid development of the finer grasses, which will in a year or two smother the coarser kinds out of existence. Mow and roll frequently, giving the lawn two or three spud- dings in a year. You must be aye doing some- thing. If the lawn-grasses are thin, sow seeds of some lawn-mixture in March. Lily of the Valley : W. H. The crowns sent were very weak ones, what in the trade are called seconds, and they were not fit for forcing, at least at this early part of the season. We do not notice that the leaves have come before the blooms ; they seem rather to have come up together, a circumstance that may be due to the hot summer and autumn, Measuring Timber, Square and Round: T. H. S. Excellent rules for the use of foresters and timber merchants will be found in Horton's Complete Measurer, published by Lockwood & Co., 7, Stationer's Hall Court, E.C. Mushroom Bed Mould ; H. T. We cannot detect the spawn of any fungus in the sample of soil sent. It does not appear to be a suitable kind of soil for the purpose it is used for. Names of Fruits : Geo. Wall. Your Apples are probably small Golden Nobles, somewhat out of character. — W. B. That the Apple is Cox's Orange Pippin, there can be no doubt. Names of Plants : B. Wallace. Diplopappus chry- Bophyllus. — H. O. 1, Aphelandra aurantiaca ; 2, Tbunbergia Harrieii ; 3. Panicum plicatum varie- gatum. — F. Lonicera Standishii. figured in Gar- deners' Chronicle, February 23, 1889, p. 245.— S. £., Henley. 1, Oncidium excavatum, not Odonto- glossum. Andersonianum ; 2, Epidendrum virens. It would be better to get the name of the Chry- santhemum from some grower who makes them a specialty.— J. B,, Clapham. 1, 4, and probably 2 (which has been rendered colourless, and prevented from coming to maturity by the fogs), PaalEenopsis Schilleriana; 3, P. amabilis gloriosa; 5, Cattleya Walkeriana; 6, Brassia brachiata. Plants and Cut Flowers for Marketing : Cereus Better than seeking our advice in this matter would be to ascertain the state of the trade ia plants and cut flowers, the prices obtained, and the profits to be obtained by selling the various plants and flowers that find favour with the public. Showy things of decided tints, easily pro- pagated and grown, and which are fairly enduring either as plants or cut blooms, are what the public demands. Then there is a good trade to be done in Palms of small size, Ferns, Crotons, Dracaenas Ficus elastica, Aspidistra, and Cordylines, which sell well at certain times. Fine-leaved Begonias as small furnishing stuff, meet with a ready demand during the season ; and less so Cala- diums, unless it be C. bicolor, C. argyrites, C. minus erubesceus, and other small-leaved red varieties. Sonerilas are not much grown, but they are very pretty, not more tender than Caladiums ; and very useful for table decora- tions and vases. Amongst the plants that are not much grown at present for sale are Cliveia miniata, in variety ; Vriesiapsittacina, and other Bromeliads ; small-growing Acacias, Camel- lias, Moutan Peonies, Cactus, Schizostilis coc- cinea, flowering well in the autumn ; Helleborus niger, Calochortus, Kalmias, Sweetbriar, and the hybrid Briars raised by Lord Penzance ; well- bloomed Salvia splendens and S. gesnerifolia. The blue and the white varieties of Campanula pyramidalis are again coming into favour. The pretty C. fragilis is much sought after for vase and basket culture ; and there is a host of other plants. Secretary of the Royal Horticultural Society : Quiz. The Rev. W. Wilks, 117, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W. Status of Gardeners, and Notice to Quit Ser- vice: Quiz. Domestics according to the law. In the absence of any agreement to the contrary, the head-gardener is considered to be a yearly servant, and entitled to one-quarter's notice, or money in lieu thereof ; under-gardeners, to one month; of course, in the absence of gross misconduct. Stinging by Primula obconica : A Constant Bcadcr, If you are a constant reader you should be cog- nisant of that which has been published in our pages from time to time in recent years. The stinging is caused by the hairs on the leaves, and some persons suffer considerable discomfort from the itching, irritating nature of the infliction. It soon passes off. The Young Gardener who has Paid a Premium, and One who has Not so Done : Quiz. One has as much right to be called a gardener as the other, but which is the best man remains to be proved. There are many good practitioners who have not had the smallest premium paid for them by their friends. Tomatos on the Single Stem Method of Train- ing : J. B. The plauts, if the house is span- roofed, may be planted at a distance of 2.^ feet by 3 feet apart. Vine Roots : A. S, The roots have been dead for a number of years. The soil of the border must be in a very bad state, and we would advise its removal, and the making of a new border. There are no traces of Phylloxera. Communications Received. - G. J. J.— Profes6orOudemanns,. Amsterdam.— H. Martinet, Paris.— D. Boia. Paria.— L. R. & Co.— A. H. K.— A. F. B — C. W. H. G.— W. G. S.— A. P. Dixon.— Wild Rene.— C. L.— C. P. Lucas.— Viator.— J. B.— C. W. B.— A.-J. A.— J. D— J. B.— J. S.— F. Q. O.— A. D. —South Hams— W. H.— ,T. R._ E. Mawley.— W. H. W.— B W.-H. A. B. CONTINUED mCREASE in the CIRCULATION of the " GARDEN KHS' CHRONICLE." Important to Advertisers.- The Publisher has the satis- /action ot inmounziiuj that the circulation of the " Gar- deners' Chronicle " has, since the reduction in the price of the paper, Increased to the extent of 75 per cent. Advertisers arc reminded that the ^Chronicle" circulates among country gentlemen, and all classes of GARDENERS AND GARDEN-LOVERS at home, that it has a specially large foreign and colonial circulation, and that it is preserved for reference in all the principal Libraries. January (5, 1*94 ] THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE 23 !•_> » 12-. £ate^ Sw 20 » 16 '2(J»li ISp'^L st«t6 18 20 Jlox.wdl'vo; FOREIGN, of afccvfe afce* i tZe/t-vereJ free- ^jsuntt in 1S^ country-, -in quanti'ty. -... . n botes of 100 Pert s, WO feet supeij ENGLISH Glwa, cut to Imyers1 sties , &.T lowest prices GEORGE FAKJMILOE&59N5 i/ty^D . G-lags. Oil-, ajid Colour. Merchant^. ' 5^* S+eJOHN ©treet\tffe&T£MlTHF!ELD.Ti)NDQM. *C 6tocs^ii0T3 and prices on application. Please quote CArontck. w. h. LASOELLES & go., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free. HOS. W. ROBINSON, Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge. EXPANSION JU1NT HOT-WATER PIPES, SOCKET HOT-WATER PIPES. Illustrated revised Price List on application, free. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 20.000 of the Nobility. Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt.. and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Paint for Inside of Conservatories, &e. Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free. Grove Works, Lombard Road, Battersea, London, S,W. ; and BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN, EGOKQMICAL-SAFE-LASTING CLAY'S ovAv^ Are used by the - Leading Growers vv'Vji »■■. ' ./■. Royal Botanic J G C^Kcv Society, "S^b' '■- ^ : ^ - Y- *f Royal Horticul- Isgc , \ .- -n LONDONrfV turalSociety, HjgM'©®J^ W§R ~\ *** Royal Parks, =? * \ " Vj* ^5/ London County ^§? • - ^r "t*. 4^> Council, \ > / J U> throuRhout the '"<; ,..,,., United Kingdom * ' i TRADE MARK. and in 'lilADE MARK. EVERY QUARTER OF THE GLOBE, FOR ALL HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. SOLD by SEEDSMEN, FLORISTS, and NURSERYMEN, In 6d. and Is. Jackets, and SEALED BAGS : - 7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 112 lb. 2s. 6d. 4s. 6d. 7s. 6d. 12s. 6d. 20s. Or direct from the Works, Carriage Paid in the United Kingdom for Cash with order (except id. Packets). Tne respective Trade Mark is printed on every Packet and Bag. and also impressed on the lead Seal attached to the mouth of each Bag, which is THE OSLY GUARANTEE OF GENUINENESS. Prices of CRUSHED BONES in Various Sizes on Application. LAY & SO Manure Manufacturers, Bone Crushers, &c, TEMPLE MILL LANE, STRATFORD, LONDON, E. IANURE (Established SO years). The fertilising properties of this Manure are acknowledged to be unsurpassed by any in the market. If used carefully, in smill quantities, most satisfactory and lasting results will follow. Analysis produced to purchasers of any quan- tity on application. Sold in new and enlarged Tins, 1?,, 2s. 6d., and 5s. 6d. each ; and in Wooden Kegs, 28 lb., 10s. 6d. 56 lb,, 18s. ; 112 lb., 32s. each. TO BE HAD OF ANY SEEDSMAN. Makehs : — CORRY & CO., Lmtd., 13, 15, and 16, FINSBURY STREET, LONDON, E C. CBEESON'S MANURE. — Composed of « Blood and Bone. The Best Fertiliser for all purpose?. Sold in tins, Is., 2s. 6d., and 5s. 6d. ; also in air-tight bags, £ cwt., 6s. ; 1 cwt., 10s. Full directions for use sent with each tin and bag. 1 cwt. and above sent carriage paid, cash with order. C. BEESON, Bone Mills, St. Neot's, Hunts. " 12, Kaowle Road, Brixton, London, "I have tried this fertiliser on various garden crops, and I am able to say that it is an excellent Manure for Vegetables, Flowers, Vines, and Fruit Trees. "A. B. GRIFFITHS, Ph.D.. F.R.S.E..F.C.S." ORCHID PEAT. PREPARED, ready for use, all fibre, 10s. persack ; 5for47s. id. SELECTED, in blocks, very fibrous, 8s. per sack; 5 for 37s. id. SECOND QUALI IX, Ss. per sack ; 5 for 22s. id. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, for Azaleas, Rhododendrons, and Ferns, 4s. per sack, 5 for 18s. ; and 3s. per sack, 5 for 12s. id. PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, aDd FIBROUS LOAM, each 2s. id. per sack ; 5 for Vis. PREPARED POTTING COM- POST, 4s. per sack ; 5 for 18s. All sacks included. Send Postal Order for Sample Sack. Special terms to the Trade. For Price List apply to THE FORESTER, Joyden Wood, near Bexloy, Kent. "DONES! BONES!! BONES !!!— Any size -D from dust to 1 inch, at 10s. per cwt. Carriage Paid ou 1 cwt. Special quotations to large buyers. Terms, Cash with Order. E. S. WILES and LEWIS, Bone Crushers, St. Albans. AGENTS WAN TED for the SALE of NATIVE ii. GUANO. The Best and Cheapest Manure for all Farm and Garden Crops. — The NATIVE GUANO COMPANY, LIMITED, 29, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, E.C. GISHURST COMPOUND, used since 1859 for Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other blight ; a ounces to the gallon of soft water, 4 to 18 ounces a9 a winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house trees, in lather from cake, for American blight, and as an emulsion when paraffin is used. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. id. rj_ISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on VX wet ground. Boxes, Qd. and Is., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. THE "PERFECT" FUMIGATOR. — Quite Safe, no Scorching, Smoke COOL, Effectual and Most Economical. Testimonials. Mr. Leach, Gr. to the Duke of Northumberland, Albury Park, says, Dec. 15, 1893 :— After nearly 40 years' experience, this is the best Fumigator I have ever seen, in fact all that can be desired. The Al Tobacco C:oth I like very much. Send on 15 lb. more. From Mr. F. Cornish, Gr. to Dowager Lady Bowman, Joldwynds, near Dorking. Dec. 9, 1893 :— I consider it the best Fumigator I have ever used. Also your Al Cloth requires very little attention : most economical, no injurious effects upon the foliage, certain death to green and bbck-fly. Fumigatora, 10s. 6d. each. Al Tobacco Cloth, specially prepared. Is. $d, per lb. Full particulars, with copy of other testimonials, on application to JAS. IVERY AND SON, Nurserymen, &c, Dorking and Reigate, Surrey. RICHARDS' NOTED PEAT. (Trade supplied on best terms). VERY CHOICE SELECTED FOR ORCHIDS. For Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Ferns, Rhododendrons, &c. By the sack, cubic yard, ton or truck load, A large stock at London Wharf. Immediate despatch by any Bail or Steamer. Prompt and Special Quotations for delivery to any Station. G. H. RICHARDS, Old Shot Tower Wharf, Lambeth, London, S.E. ; Peat Grounds and Depots, Ringtvood and Ware- ham. Address all letters to London Wharf. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, id. per bushel ; 100 for 30s. ; truck, loose (about 2 tons), 80s. Bags, 4a*. each. SPECIALLY SELECTED ORCHID PEAT. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. id. per sace ; 5 sacks, 25s. ; sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack; 5 sacta, 22s. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND. Is. id. per bushel; 15s. per half ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack. MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, 21, Goldsmith Street. Drury Lane, W.C. GLASS! CHEAP GLASS I In Stock Sizes. 18X12,18X14,24X14 , 20X12, 1SXI6, 24X16 . ,16x14,20X16, 24X18, *0. If X 3 Prepared Sash Bar at 5s. per 100 feet. Paints and Varnishes at Low Prices. Flooring, 5/9 per square ; Matching, 4/9 ; 2x4, at id. per foot run ; 2x7 at Id. Horticultural Work of all descriptions. Ironmongery, &c. CATALOGUES Free. THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 73, Bishopsqate Street Within, Lontjon, E.C. I5-oz., per 100 ft., 8s. 6i. 21-oz., „ Us. 9d. (12X10,1 1 14x12, i ( 16X12,1 ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE FREE. W. Jones' Treatise, "Heating by Hot-water,'' Second Edition, 216 pages and 96 EDgravings, 2s. id. nett, per post, 2s. 9d. JONEf attWOOD IfiURBRIDCE 24 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. fjANCAET 6, 1894. Telegrams— " CONSERVATORIES, LONDON." Telephone, No. 4652. NOTICE to Builders, Nurserymen, Market Gardeners, Timber Merchants, AND THE TRADE GENERALLY. RELIABLE BARGAINS. NOT SECOND-HAND GOODS. WM. COOPER'S SEVENTH ANNDAL CLEARANCE Office: 755. OLD KENT EOAD, LONDON, S.E. Works (tt9lTAslaWt,,Bl): 747 to 755, OLD KENT ROAD, LONDON, S.E. Show Ground : DEVONSHIRE GROVE (adjoining). Being the end of the Season, I am again induced to offer my Stock on hand at ridiculously Low Prices, to make room for my SPRING STOCK, for SIX WEEKS ONLY, COMMENCING DEC. 4. LAST DAY of SALE, SATURDAY, JAN. 13, 1894. CONDITIONS OF SALE. Goods are offered subject to being on hand on receipt of reply. Cash to accompany all orders, and prices to be strictly nctt. All orders will be executed in rotation, and carefully packed arjd put on rail, except those otherwise stated. P. 0.0. payable at 794, Old Kent Road; Cheques crossed " L. and S. W. Bank." GREENHOUSE DEPARTMENT. THE AMATEUR FORCING HOUSE, TENANT'S FIXTURE (Span-roof). These houses are offered at an exceedingly low rate, and should be readily approved by both ama- teur and professional gardeners, as brickwork, which is very expensive to a small house, is entirely dis- pensed with. The utility of such a house for forcing or cultivati, g Cucumbers, Tomatos, Melons, &c , wi'l be per- ceived at a glance, it being a struc- ture constantly in request but almost hitherto unknown. Specification — Framework substantially constructed of red deal; the whole of sides, and 2 ft. 6 in of ends, boarded with well-seasoned tongued and grcoved matchboards. Half-gla-s door, complete with rim lock and brass fittings, in one end ; glass 16 oz. throughout, English cut. Ventilator-* supplied according to size of houte, and stays necessary for opening same; stapes for plants each fide of house, all woodwork painted one coat of good oil paint, and the whole structure securely packed and placed on rail. Lot. 1 to 7 8 to 10 11 to 12 13 to 22 23 to 19 30 to 41 42 to 48 49 to 51 52 to 54 55 to 56 Ltrglh. 7 It. 8 ft. 9 ft. 10 f-. 12 ft. 15 ft. 20 ft. i5ft. 50 ft. 100 ft. Width. 5 ft. 5 ft. 6 ft. 7 ft. 8 ft. 10 ft. 10 ft. 10 ft. 10 ft. 10 ft. Height. . 7 ft. . 7 ft. . 7 ft. 3 in. . 7 ft. 6 in. .. 8 ft. ,. 8 ft. 6 in. ,. 9 ft. ,. 9 ft. ,. 9 ft. . 9 ft. Usual Price. Packed on rail. £2 10 3 0 3 10 4 10 5 10 7 15 10 15 15 5 27 0 45 0 Sale Price. Packed on rail. £2 0 2 5 2 10 3 10 3 15 5 10 7 10 10 0 20 0 25 0 SPAN-ROOF VILLA CONSERVATORIES. Adaptable for the lawn of a villa residence, being well and substantially-built, constructed of the beat materials, and artisti- cally finished, with diagonal panels uod barge-boards. The framework is composed of 2 in. by 'dj in. red deal, the lower part doubly-lined with tongut-d and grooved matchboards, and t he roof properly fitted wi th sabhea, which facilitates fixing or re- moving of same without disturbing glass. The houses are fitted with a half- glass door, complete with rim lock, t rasa fittings and hey, and is supplied with lattice Btaging for each side, footpath the entire length ; gutters, ft down pipes, suitable ventilators, and ' necessary ironwork for opening same. All woodwork painted two coats of good oil paint, glass cut to sizes, and all parts securely packed on rail. Prices : — Usual Price. Sale Price. Packed Packed Lot, Long. Wide. High. To Eaves. on rail. on rail. 343 to 351 9 ft. 6 ft. 7 ft. 4 ft. 6 in. ... £7 10 0 £5 10 0 352 to 358 12 ft. 8 ft. 8 ft. 5 ft 6 in. ... 10 0 0 7 0 0 359 to 3*3 15 ft. 8 ft. 8 ft. 6 in. 5 ft, 6 in. ... 12 0 0 8 10 0 364 to 371 20 ft. 9 ft. 9 ft. 6 ft. ... 16 16 0 12 0 0 372 to 374 25 ft. fi ft. 9 ft. 6 ft. ... 21 0 0 15 0 0 21 oz. for Roof 5 per cent, extra. "AMATEUR" SPAN-ROOF AND LEAN-TO GREENHOUSES. Tenant's Fixtures. Made especially for Amateurs at a nominal figure, thereby coming within reach of those who require a strong but inexpensive structure, and being constructed in complete sections, are erectable by any handy-man or gardener in a few hours. Framework is substantially constructed of red deal, the lower p=»rt being filled in with well- seasoned tongued and grooved matchboards. The house is fitted with r'oor complete, with rim lock and brass furniture, painted one coat of good oil colour, supplied with all necessary ironwork and stages for each side, and good 16oz. glass throughout, All parts securely packed, and put on rail. ■'"' .-■"- : , V:;,fi Usual Price. Sale Price. Lot Long, Wide. High. To Eaves. Packed on rail Packed on rail 57 to 71 Span-roof 7ft. 5!t. 7 ft. 4ft. £2 16 0 . .£350 72 to 76 8ft. 5ft. 7ft. 4ft. 3 10 0 . . 2 15 0 77 to 108 9ft. 6ft. 7ft. 3 in. 4ft. 4 0 0 . . 3 0 0 109 to 121 10ft. 7ft. 7ft. 6 in. 4ft. 6 in. 5 0 0 . . 4 0 0 122 to 149 12ft. 8ft. 8ft. 5ft. ... 6 0 0 . 4 10 0 160 to 170 15ft. 10ft. 8ft. 6 in. 6ft. ... 8 10 0 . . 6 10 0 171 to 176 20ft. 10ft. 9ft. 5ft. 6 in. 12 0 0 . . 9 0 0 177 to 184 25ft. 10ft. 9ft. 5ft. 6 in. 17 0 0 . . 12 0 0 185 to 189 50ft. 10ft. 9ft. 5ft. 6 in. 30 0 0 . . 23 0 0 190 to 197 100ft. 10ft. 9ft. 6ft. 6 in. 50 0 0 . . 3J 0 0 198 to 201 30ft. 10ft. 8ft. 6 in. 5ft. ... 20 0 0 . . 14 0 0 202 to 211 Lean-to 7ft. 5ft. 7ft. 4ft. ... 2 8 0 . . 2 0 0 212 to 221 9ft. 6ft. 7ft. 3 in. 4ft. ... 3 10 0 . . 2 15 0 222 to 225 12ft. 8ft. 8ft. 6ft. ... 5 10 0 . . 4 0 0 226 to 228 15ft. 10ft. 8ft. 6 in. 5tt. ... 8 (l 0 . . 5 15 0 SPAN-ROOF FORCING HOUSE. The illustration 6hown will convince all practical minds of the importance and utility of this class of house for Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Market Gar- deners, and all those who require a cheap strong House for Forcing, or growing Cucumbers, Tomatos, Melons, &c. Specification. — Built for brickwork, 3 feet high, of thoroughly well-seasoned red deal ; roof ventilation according to size ; door at one end ; all 21-oz. glass ; painted one coat. Carefully Packed on Rail. Lot 229 to 235 2) by 9 236 to 242 20 by 12 243 to 246 20 by 14 247 to 250 40 by 9 251 to 255 40 by 12 256 to 257 40 by 14 258 to 260 100 by 9 261 to 267 100 by 12 288 to 281 100 by 14 Usual Price. Sale Price. £9 0 11 0 14 10 17 21 26 40 48 55 282 to 342 Ventilating boxes for Side Walls £6 8 11 12 16 20 25 33 40 For full Specification of Sale, see three-page advertisement in the Gardeners' Chronicle of December 2. SALE CATALOGUE POST-FREE. WILLIAM COOPER, 747 to 755, OLD KENT ROAD LONDON, S.E. January 6, 1894.] THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. 25 NOW READY. THE GARDEN ANNUAL ALMANACK AND ADDRESS BOOK FOR 1894. Containing the most Authentio Lists of Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists in the United Kingdom ; Foreign Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists ; Horticultural Builders, Engineers, and Sundriesmen in the United Kingdom; the Prinoipal Gardens of the United Kingdom, in the order of the Counties, with names of Owners or Ocoupiers, and Gardeners ; the Prinoipal Gardens and Country Seats in the United Kingdom, arranged alphabetically; the Gardeners in the United Kingdom and their Addresses; Staffs of Botanical Departments and Establishments in correspondence with Kew ; New Plants of the Past Year, and other Information. The most complete and accurate Reference Booh for the use of all interested in Gardens. PRICE Is. POST FBEE, Is. 3d. Of all Booksellers, Newsagents, or from the Publishing Office — 37, SOUTHAMPTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. THE ABERCRAVE COLLIERIES CO., SWANSEA. BEST BIG VEIN ANTHRACITE COALS, As used at the General Post Office, St. Martin's-le-Grand ; the Victualling Yard, Deptford ; H.M. Small Arms Faotory, Birmingham, &o. FOR STEAM MALTING, HOP DRYING, AND HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. REPRESENTATIVE FOR LONDON AND DISTRICT— JNO. BOWDEN, 24, LAMBOURN ROAD, CLAPHAM, S.W. SANKEYS'famous GARDEN POl ■&- Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham, <* Messrs. DIcksons, Limited, Chester, write :— " The Flower Pots you have so largely supplied us with are light, strong, and well made, and iu every respect highly satisfactory." Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, write:— "We beg to say that we are highly satisfied with your 'Garden Pots ;' I hey are well made, light, yet strong, and we like them better than any other we have ever used." Mr. William Bull, 536, King's Road, Chelsea. London, writes : — " For nearly thirty years I have been using your Garden Pots,' and still find them the best and cheapest." Largest Manufacturers in the World. No Waiting. Millions in Stock. Carriage and Breakage Free on £10 Orders. Half Carriage on £5 Ord'-rs. Samples Free. R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c„ constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work, and that the vert best. Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of anyone out of our firm, from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hot Bed Boxes, &c, always in stock. Plans, Estimates, and Catalogues Free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been— MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. the IMPROVED GARDEN GULLY (VINCE'S PATENT). This useful invention is a great improvement on the ordi- nary Garden Grating, and is especially suitable for hilly walks and drives. As they never get stopped by rubbish or sand they effectually prevent the washing away of the gravel in heavy storms, and they save half the labour in cleaning out the cesspools. The prices are : — 8-in., 2s. ; 10-in., Zs. ; 12-in., 6s. 6<*. (The larger sizes are very strong for carriage drives.) Full Particulars and Testimonials on application. YINCE & VINE, 58, Chester Road, Upper Holloway, London, N. HILL & SMITH, BRIER LEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, AHD AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA ST., LONDON, E.G. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c. :_ ssk4 ess ^^m mik) sa i*m fe? *; ■•- fpsp^ IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. Special Estimates given for Large Contracts in Fencing, Roofing, &c. Personal SurveyB of Estates made, and prac- tical advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put down. Tilustra&ed Catalogues Free by Post. CREAT REDUCTION in FRAMES 0TJR WELL-KNOWN MAKE. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. These Frames are made of the Best Materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Sizes and Prices, Glazed and Painted. £ ». 6 feet long, 3 feet wide\ „ A ott (% 6 feet 12 feet 6 feet 12 feet 12 feet 4 feet 4 feet 5 feet 5 feet 6 feet CASH PRICES, CARRIAGE PAID. d. 0 0 0 0 0 Larger tizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. London Agent,'. Mr. H.SKELTON, Seedsman, &c, 2. Holloway Rd.,N. 26 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [January 6, 1894. Railway Passengers' Assurance COMPANY insures against RAILWAY ACCIDENTS, PERSONAL ACCIDENTS, EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY. Capital £1,000,000. Established 1849. 64, COENHILL, LONDON. W. I). MASSY, ) „ , . A. VIAN, [ tomtaru*. PICTtrRESaxrE NATTJBAXISTIC FORMATION, ^ WINTER GARDENS AND FERNERIES; WATERFALLS STREAMS, LAKES, VASES, FOUNTAINS, KKRBISQ. RALUSTRADES, TERRACES, *0., DT STONE-IIKE AND RED TERRA COTTA. Durability Guaranteed. ROBERTS'S (IMPROVED) PATENT STOVE Terra-cotta i Portable I For Coal ! Pure and ample heat, S4: hours for about IcL, without attention. For Greenhouses, Bedrooms, &c. GREENHOUSES Heated 24 Hours for about One Penny. Pamphlets, Drawings, and authenticated Testimonials sent. See in use at Patentee's, THOMAS ROBERTS, 34. Victoria St., Westminster. L. REEVE & CO.'S NEW WORKS. No. 5S9, January (commencing a new volume), 35. Gd. THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. Figures and Descriptions of New and Rare Plants. By Sir J. D. Hooker, F.R.S., &c. Third Series. Vols. I. to XLIX., each 42s. Published monthly, with six plates, 3s. 6rf. coloured. Annual subscription, 42s. A SET OF CURTIS'S BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, Complete from the commencement to the end of 1892, 118 vols, and Index to the first 53 vols, in 95 vols. The first 79 vols, and Index in 56 vols., half green morocco, the remain- ing 39 vol*, new, in cloth. Price £t£G net cash. New Edition. HANDBOOK OF THE BRITISH FLORA. By G. Bentdtam. F.R.S. Sixth Edition. Revised by Sir J. D. Hookee, C.E., K.C.S.I., F.R.S. 10s. 6d. New Edition. ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BRITISH JL FLORA. Drawn by W. H. Fucn. F.L.S., and W. G. SMITH. F.L.S. 1315 Wood Engravings. Third Edition. Revised and Enlarged. 10s. 6d. BRITISH FUNGI, Phycomycetes and Ustila- ginete. By GEORGE Masske (Lecturer on Botany to the London Society for the Extension of University Teaching). Crown 8vo, with 8 Plates, 7s. Qd. BRITISH FUNGOLOGY. By the Rev. M. J. BERKELEY, M.A., F.L.S. Re-issue. With a Supple- ment of nearly 400 pages by WOBTBIHOTON G. SMITH, F.L.S. 2 vols. 21 coloured plates, 36s. A few copies of the Supplement may be had separately, posHree, by remitting 12s. to the Publishers. THE NARCISSUS : its History and Culture. By F. W. BUBDTJDOE, F.L.S. ; with a Scientific Review of the entire Genus, by .1. G. BAKER, F.E.S., F.L.S. With 48 beautifully coloured plates. Super-royal 8vo, 32s. FLORAL PLATES from the FLORAL MAGAZINE. Beautifully coloured, for Screens, Scrap- books, Studies in Flowering-painting, &c. tid. and Is. each, LI of over 1000 varieties, One Stamp. BOTANICAL PLATES from the BOTAN- ICAL MAGAZINE. Beautifully-coloured Figures of new and rare Plants. Qd. and Is. each. Lists of over 3000. Three Stamp*. L. REEVE & CO., Publishers to the Iloiae, Colonial, and Indian Governments, G, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C. BOILING WATER OR MILK. GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. BREAKFAST-SUPPER. Established 1851. BIRKBECK BANK, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lank, W.C. TWO- AND- A -HALF per Cent. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS, repayable on demand. TWO per Cent, on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, on the minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below £100. STOCKS and SHARES purchased and sold. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. For the encouragement of Thrift the Bank receives small sums on deposit, and allows interest, at the rate of TWO- AND-A-HALF PER CENT, per annum, on each completed £1, BIRKBECK BUILDING SOCIETY. HOW TO PURCHASE A HOUSE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH. BIRKBECK FREEHOLD LAND SOCIETY. HOW TO PURCHASE A PLOT OF GROUND FOR FIVE SHILLINGS PER MONTH. The BIRKBECK ALMANACK, with full particulars, poft- free. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT. Manager. HPHE FRUIT GARDEN of the UNIVERSE. -L —THE AUSTRALIAN IRRIGATION COLONIES (Chaffey Brothers), established and regulated by Government, OFFER an enjoyable Life and OCCUPATION, a Bunny and salubrious Climate, and most highly remunerative returns to Cultivators with small or large Capital. Pamphlet free. CHAFFEY BROTHERS. Limited. 35, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. J. E. M. Vincent. Chief Commissioner. lTFRiGTD0iO" ItCl^Z^cZu to all Plants and Blooms. Cheaper than any kind of mat, and will last for years. To be had from all Nur- serymen and Seedsmen. R>R PRICE ll ST ft. PARTICULARS ADDRESS' SDuke ST Li London P.r/dgb WANTED, a PARTNERSHIP in NUR- SERY BUSINESS by practical man thoroughly ex- perienced in Glass Work. Business must be already estab- lished and bear strictest investigation. Only principals dealt with. No agents.— Apply, FRANK MATHEWS, 12, South Road, Handsworth, Birmingham. WANTED, Normandy, France, a thorough Outdoor WORKING HEAD GARDENER, where another is kept. Must be trustworthy, married, but no en- cumbrance. None without good reference and character need apply. — Write, statingage, wages required, and full particulars, to REID, Oaklands, Beckenham, Kent. WANTED, a practical WORKING GAR- DENER (Single-handed).— Must be well-up in Propagating, and a first-class Grower of Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Mushrooms, and ordinary Flowers ; Vinery and Tomato-houses, each 40 feet; Garden, 1 acre. Wages, 25s. Nothing found.— Apply, GILBERT DEAR, Thornton, near Liverpool. WANTED, a good SECOND GARDENER. — One who is well up to his work in all hranches. iDside and Out. Married, with no family preferred. Wages 185. per week, with cottage.— C. J. REEVE, The Gardens, Ware Park, Ware, Herts. WANTED, in a Market Garden, a young MAN, capable of Managing about \ acre of Glass and Frame Ground,— Requirements, must be capable of Grow- ing Cucumbers, Tomatos, Mushrooms, Strawberries, Forced Vegetables, and Salads. Only a steady man with good cha- racter need apply.— H. HAYWARD, The Gardens, Shirley, Southampton. WANTED, soft-wooded GROWER and PROPAGATOR.'— Apply to WILLIAM COOPER, Horticultural Provider, Felt hum WANTED, a smart energetic young MAN, for Outside Nursery, Must thoroughly understand the general routine work, be a good Spadesman, and be able to Bud and Graft well, and understand Rose Growing. — ,T. W. SILVER, Streatham and Norbury Nurseries, London, S.W. rpilOMAS ROCHFORD, Turnford Hall Nur- JL series, near Broxbourne, Herts, has SEVERAL VACAN- CIES for MEN used io Fruit and Flower-growing under Glass. — Apply, stating experience and wages required, to the FOREMAN, as above. WANTED, AT ONCE, a good strong aotive youDg MAN. as UNDER GARDENER, InsideandOut. —Apply, C. F. WILSON, Alkincoats, Colne, Lancashire. WANTED, a young MAN, in the Houses, who has made speciality of Tree Carnations.— State particulars of experience, age, and salary required, to S. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41 , Wellington Street, Strand,W.<\ XKT ANTED, an energetio single young MAN, ' T for Outdoor and Houses.— State age, experience, and full particulars, with reference. Wages, 7s. per week, with board and lodgings found, with commission to a smart person. — LONGSTER BROS., Nurserymen, Southampton. WANTED, a Married MAN as FOREMAN, to attend to the Houses. Must have a practical know- ledge of Stove and Gmnhouse Plants, Orchids, Vines. So. Wages, one guinea per week, with Cottage free.— Apply to Mr. CARTER, The Nurseiies, Keighley, Yorkshire. WANTED, a young MAN, for Scotland. One thoroughly well up in Grafting and Growing Roses and Clematis, &c, in pots.— Apply, with certificates stating age, wages expected, &c, to A. R., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington St., Strand, W.C. WANTED, a JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Must have a good knowledge of Orchids, and general experience under Glass. Wages 18s. per week.— Full particulars to J. PARSONS, The Gardens, Codicote Lodge Welwyn. Florists. WANTED AT ONCE, a smart, active young MAN, of good address, to take charge of a Small Branch Business. Must be able to Make-up well and attend to customers. One preferred who has held a similar situation near London. — J. W. SILVER, Streatham and Norbury Nurseries, S.W. WANTED, MAN and WIFE, for a small family in the Country ; Man as Groom-Gardener, and to make himself generally useful ; Wife as good plain Cook.— Write to A. B. E., 28, Holborn Viaduct, E.C. WANTED, at once, a young MAN, under a Foreman, with a thorough knowledge of Growing Palms, Ferns, and Cut Flowers; must be a good Propagator Wages 21s— A. HART & SONS, Florists, Guildford. WANTED, a young MAN, for the Plant Houses.— One with previous experience. Wages 17s per week. No bothy.— Apply to F. C. JENNINGS, The Gardens, Roselands, Woolston, nsar Southampton. WANTED, a young MAN, in the Garden.— A good all rouud hand, where three are kept. Wages 14s. per week, and bothy.— G. HfLLMAN, Woolton House Newbury. WANTED, an ASSISTANT, one with a knowledge of Stocks preferred.— State experience and wages required to ERNEST KING & CO., Seedsmen, Coggeshall, Essex. WANTED, a YOUTH, about 18, for General Seed and Nursery Business —Wages and full par- ticulars to LAXTON BROTHERS, Seedsmen, Bedford. WANTED, a good GENERAL bERVANT, byJanuary27. Age25to35. Earlyriser. Plaincoot: Good references essential. Good wages, no beer. Comfort- ablequieohome. Family two. Washingpart putout. — Address stating experience or qualifications, and wages required' Mrs. JONES, 182, Stockwell Park Road, London, S.W*. Applicants from a distance might inclose recent photo. WANTED, SHOPMAN in a Country Seed Business. Good references required ; a knowledge of Book-keeping necessary. Address, stating past experieice, Salary required, &c— SHOPMAN, Messrs. Hurst & Co. 152, Houudsditch, London. WANT PLACES. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. Johu's Nurseries, Worcester. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DICKSONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester, are always in a position to RECOMMEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their busi- ness. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS, Chester." F SANDER and CO. oan reoommend • several highly qualified and energetio HEAD and UNDER GARDENERS, of excellent character, and proved ability; men thoroughly fitted for all the various duties of their profession. For all particulars, please apply to — F. SANDER and CO., St. Albans. GARDENER (Head).— Age 33, married, is open for re-engagement. Eighteen years' practical experience in large private gardens. Four years Head m pre- sent situation. Excellent testimonials from present and previous employers.— G. DICKENSON, Rose Hill, Delph, Oldham. GARDENER (Head) ; age 30, married when suited.— C. Fielder, Gardener to the Dowager Lady Howard do Walden, The Mote, Maidstone, begs to recommend Wni. Bacon, who has been Foreman in these gardens during the past three and a half years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly trustworthy man, with six men under him. Fourteen years' experience in good situations. Januaby 6, 1894] THE GARDENERS* CHRONICLE. 27 GARDENER (Hkad), seeks re - engagement ■where a reliable and trustworthy man is required.— Age 42; married, no family; life experience. — MORRISS, East Street, Kimbolton, St. Neot's. GARDENER (Head).— Age 37; married^ no family. Mr. W. Marks. Ealing Golf Club, Hanger Hill, Ealing, can with every confidence recommend a thor- oughly practical man to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a firatrclass man; conversant with all branches of Horticulture. GARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept ; thorough good all round ; general experience boih Inside and Out. Near London preferred. Four and hilf years' excellent character.— Apply, stating wages, to W. GARDINER, Effingham Park, Crawley Down. GARDENER (Head).— Age 37, seeks a re- engagement with any Lady or Gentleman. Thoroughly understands Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Tomatos, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Awarded three Banksian Medals from Royal Horticultural Society.— MAY, The Gardens, Oakfield, Elen Park.Eeckenham. GARDENER (Head) ; age 33.— Mr. Pbinsep, Head Gardener to Viscountess Portman, Buxted Park, Uckfield, wishes to highly recommend his General Foreman, A. Hatwell, who has been with him for the past two years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical man. Sixteen years' experience. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept. — Age 25 ; twelve years' experience. Good character from present and previous employers. — A. FANE, Greenham Lodge Gardens, Newbury, Berks. GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and BAILIFF, seeks re-engagement, where a reliable and trustworthy man is required. — Married, no family ; thoroughly practical in all branches of Gardening; also Land and Stock. Eighteen years' good character.— E. X., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand.W.C. GARDENER, (Head Working), where four or more are kept. — Age 40 ; twenty-six years' prac- tical experience Inside and Out. Eighteen years in last situation. — G. BARTLE, 18, BrownLane South, Beeston, Notts. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32, married; eighteen years' practical experience in first- class establishments, four years in last place as Head Gardener, with three under. Good references from last and previous employers.— H. BICKERSTAFF, Snow Hill, Crawley Town, Sussex. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29 ; married. Life experience in all branches of the pro- fession. Good testimonials and character. — G. G., 47, Hart- field Crescent, Wimbledon. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35, married. Life experience in all branches of the pro- fession, including Orchids. Good personal character from present employer; eight years' previous. — E. DANIELS, Oporto Villa, Snakes Lane, Woodford, Essex. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept. — Age 33, married. Thoroughly expe- rienced in Grapes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Kitchen Garden. Six and a half years' character from present employer, G. C. G. Lockhart, J.P., Holwell, Bury, Hitchin. — JOHN BATES, Hoi well, Bury, Hitchin. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40, married; thoroughly experienced in all branches. Good character, and can be highly recommended. — J. STYLES, 3, Linford Road, Wood Street, Walthamstow, Essex. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35 ; married, one son. Advertiser having to leave his situa- tion through death of employer, seeks re-engagement as above. Good practical experience, energetic and trustworthy. Six years' excellent character from present and eight from pre- vious situations.— T. HURST, Willowhayne, Worcester Park, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33; life experience in Noblemen's and Gentlemen's estib- lishments. Seven years in present situation as Managing Foreman. ' Certificated Horticulture, Agriculture, &c. Highly recommeuded.— D., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 31 ; thoroughly experienced in Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, &c. ; Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Charaeter will bear strictest investigation. — Z., Willow Cottage, Wellington Heath, Ledbury. GARDENER (Head Working). — Tho- roughly experienced in all branches ; Wife and Daughter thorough Laundresses; middle-age, no other family. Good character.— G. D., Ivy Cottage, Forest Row, Sussex. GARDENER (Head, or good Single- HANDED).— Age 36, married"; thoroughly experienced with Grapes, Peaches, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Flowers and Vegetables. Excellent reference.— GARDEN ER.IDragon Street, Petersfield, Hants. ARDENER (Head, or good SINGLE- HANDED). — Age 32; thoroughly experienced in Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, &c. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Character will bear strictest investigation.— A. EDWARDS, 59, Ringford Road, West Hill, Wandsworth. ARDENER (Single-handed, or otherwise). — Age 25, married when suited ; ten years' experience in all branches. Good references.— A. SNELLING, 26, Stamford Terrace, Stamford Hill, N. GARDENER (good Single-handed, or one or more under).— Age 28 ; can be well recommended. Total abstainer.— D., C. Hott, Head Gardener, Caversham Park, Reading. .; GARDENER (good Single-handed, or with help).— Age 25 ; ten years' practical experience. Inside and Out. Good references. Total abstainer.— GARDENER, Sherbourne St. John, Basingstoke, Hants. GARDENER, has been Second on a large Gentleman's place for ten years ; seeks a Single- Handed place. Accustomed to Vinery, Peach-houses ; ten years' good character.— 4, Maunder Road, Hanwell, W. GARDENER (good Second).— Age 27 ; tho- roughly experienced, Inside and Out.— Mr. Bkaddy can with confidence recommend as above. — R. LIMON, Knightons East Finchley. London, N. GARDENER (Second, or First JOURNEY- MAN). — Age 24 ; ten years* experience in Plant and Fruit-growing and Conservatory Decoration ; good reference?. — E. R., 20, King Street, Chelsea, S.W. GARDENER. — A young man seeks situation as Second, experienced Inside and Out. Good refer- ences. Bothy preferred.— W. H. SOLLIS, Pinkney Park, Malmsbury. GARDENER.— Good all round. Wanted to recommend. Well up in Orchid culture. Four years in last situation. Leaving through master's death. Kind, obliging, and trustworthy. Excellent personal character. — Address Y. Y., Messrs. White & Son, 33, Fleet Street, E.C. GARDENER, where one or two are kept ; married (one child); ten years' experience Inside and Out.— H. WOOD, Severn Stoke, Worcestershire. GARDENER.— Bulb and Lily Grower aDd Forcer requires situation. Thorough knowledge of bath.— W. F.., Gardeners' Cironicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Under), Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 23 ; good character. Bothy preferred.— T. J. RUSH, Chessington Nursery, near Surbiton, Surrey. GARDENER (Undeb).— Age 22; expe- rienced in Vines, Chrysanthemums, Roses, &c. Good references.— H. PARKER, Elevtham, Winehfield, Hants. GROWER, or GENERAL.— Age 21 ; nine years' experience in General Soft-wood and Foliage Plants, Hoses, Nursery Stock. &c— G. SELLEN, Mr3. Sage, 9, Orchard Place, Faversham, Kent. GROWER (Soft-wooded).— Well-up in Ferns, Marguerites, Pelargoniums, Hydrangeas, Solanums, aDd General Market Stuff. Twenty-six years' market experience. — M. J., 15, Canning Road, Highbury, N. To tbe Trade. GROWER, could invest in the Business; life experence.— R. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Oilice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To Nurserymen. PLANT and FRUIT GROWER.— Good knewledge of Prop3gating. Eleven years' experience in good establishments.— F. BiKER, Hartnoll's, Morchard Bishop, Devon, rpO NURSERYMEN, FLORISTS, &o. — JL Situation wanted, as FOREMAN or MANAGER and GROWER, where all kinds of choice Flowers and Fruits are required for Market. Perfectly understands the routine of a Market Nursery. Four and a half years' testimonial from one of the largest growers in Middlesex. Roses and Carnations a specialty.— JOHNSON, Chandler's Hill, Paddock Wood, Kent. To Nurserymen, MANAGER, or FOREMAN.— Age 38 ; well acquainted with the routine of a general Nursery. Also all kinds of Plants, Bulbs, Cut Flowers, &c. Two years as Foreman Propagator and Salesman in a London Nursery. Two years eight months as Foreman in present place. Eleven years previous. First-class references.— H. DYER, Royal Nursery, Cirencester, Glos. OREMAN in the Houses, or good first Journeyman in a good establishment. Nine years' ex- perience in Vines, Peaches, Stove, and Greenhouses.— J. STANYON, Boar's Head, Tunbridge Wells. FOREMAN.— Well up in Fruit, Stove, and Greenhouse Plants, &c. References will bear investiga- tion. Near London preferred.- H. S. FAIRHOLME, Denham Park, Egham. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN and MANAGER (General), or JL SALESMAN and PROPAGATOR; well-up in the Growing and Selling of Rhododendrons, Conifers, and all other hardy stock. — W. H. B., Bagshot. FOREMAN (Outside). — Twelve years' expe- rience in Growing Trees, Shrubs, Conifers, Roses, and Fruit Trees, &c. Management of Men. Good references. — F. ROBERTS, 1, Palace Road, Upper Norwood. FOREMAN (General).— Age 26; twelve years' experience in all branches; good plant and fruit- grower ; excellent character and testimonials. — W. H, WATERS, Charlton Road, Keynsham, Bristol. FOREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN.— Mr. R. H. Brown, Capel Manor Gardens, Horsmonden, Kent, can confidently recommend a young man (age 24), as above. Leaving through a death. FOREMAN, in a Small Establishment, or good FIRST JOURNEYMAN. — Age 22; good references. Leaving through death.— A. COZENS, 2, Hill-top Villa, Alexandra Road, Epsom. FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER of Hard and Soft-wooded Plants.— Twenty years in leading Nurseries. Experienced in the production of Cut Flowers. Can be well recommended. — H. J., 5, Oxford Terrace, Old Dover Road, Blachbeath, S.E. TO GARDENERS. — Mr. Jackson, Head Gardener, Capenhurst Hall, near Chester, wishes to recommend his Foreman as GENERAL FOREMAN, where two or more are kept. Four yeara' good character. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 2'2 ; nine years' good experience Inside and Out. Can be well recommended.— J. BENSTEAD, Benacre Hall Gardens, Wrenthara. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; good character. Wales preferred.— W. SHACKSON, The Gardens, Givon'a Grove, Leatherhead, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 22;. bothy preferred. Five years' experience in general Gardening. Four years' good character.— J. F. , Chapel Street, Alderley Edge. JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out). — Age 24 ; eight year's experience in Routine Plant3 and Orchids. StreathamorBalham preferred.— H.L., 3, Black's Road, Angel Road, Hammersmith. JOURNEYMAN, Inside. — Age 24 ; good fJ experience.— R. JETTEN, Givon's Grove, Leatherhead, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN in the houses, under a good foreman in a good establishment. Age 20; four and a half years' experience under glass.— T. GRIMES, Culverhay, Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire. JOURNEYMAN ; age 22.— Mr. 0. Turner, Cranfleld Court, Newport Pagnell, can with confidence recommend J. Francis as above. Four years under Glass. T~~0 GENTLEMEN'S GARDENERS. — A young Man (age 19) wishes to APPRENTICE himself under a good Gardener for two years. Has had some expe- rience. Will give £10 for the two years, to receive a small wage the first year, with a rise the second.— E. LEACH, The Gardens, Hinton Admiral, Christchurch, Hants. TX) FARMERS and MARKET GAR- J- JDENERS near Richmond, Surrey.— Young Man wants outdoor work ; mode rate' wages. Write to VIOLA, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TO GARDENERS.— Situation wanted by a willing and intelligent lad, age 16 ; has been out before. Well recommended. Good character.— F. FRANCIS, Cheam Common, Worcester Park, Surrey. rrO GARDENERS.— Situation wanted in the J- Garden for a strong Lad (age 16), active and willing. Gardener's son.— G.B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand.W.C. TO NURSERYMEN.— Situation required by young man (age 21).— Used to London Market Nurseries. Tomatos, Cucumbers, Cut Flowers; seven years' experience. — C. F., Bushey House, Jevington Gardens, Eastbourne. T^O NURSERYMEN.— A young man, well-up J- in Growing Fruit, Bedding Stuff for market, seeks situation; eight years' experience in large firms; can be well recommended. - CYRIL BALDWIN, 46, Whitmore Street, Maidstone. TX) NURSERYMEN. — Situation wanted; J- well-up in Growing for Maiket, Grapes, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Palms, Ferns, &c. Eight years' experience. Age 23. — A. J., Langster Bros., Burgess Street, Bassett. Southampton. •yo SALESMEN. —Advertiser (age 24), JL experienced in Selling Fruit and Flowers at Covent Garden, requires situation.— J. ADCOCK, 7, Ruby Place, Wisbech, Cambs. TRAVELLER. — Good connection and long experience. Best references. Travelling expenses and commission . or otherwise. — TRAVELLER, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. SHOPMAN. — Married ; sixteen years' first- class experience in Seeds, Bulbs. Plants. Nursery Stock, and Floral Work. Well recommended. —CLIMAX, GardtJiers' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand.W.C. LODGE-KEEPER or GARDENER, chiefly glass; good recommendations. — Situation as above wanted by a Lady Gardener trained at Horticultural College, Swanley, Kent— A. G. S., Messrs. A. &. R. Milne, booksellers, 229a, Union Street, Aberdeen. HARK TO THE GLAD SOUND of goodwill and peace amongst men I It is a period of general rejoiciDg when friends delight to meet and wish each other the compliments of the joyous New Year's season. Unfor- tunately, there are many amongst us to whom the sounds of rejoicing must seem but a cruel mockery. Tossing restlessly upon a bed of pain, they bitterly realise that they are not able to enjoy even the most homely kind of domestic happi- ness. Holloway's Pills and Ointment have been the means of giving health and strength to many a hopeless invalid. They are invaluable in all complaints incidental to the winter. They never fail to give almost immediate relief. 28 THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. [January 6, 1894. If you wish to en- sure success and secure a constant supply of good and reliable Vegetables all the year round, despatch your Order at once to us, when your wishes will receive immediate and most careful attention. Our Stocks of Vegetable Seeds are the best the World pro- duces, as the numerous testimonials we are constantly receiving prove. We make up Col- lections to suit the requirements of the Cottage, the Villa, and Rectory, the Mansion, and the Palace, at the following prices :— 6s., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., ISs. 6d., 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s., 63s., 105s. each. Or you can make your own seleotion from our CATALOGUE if preferable. WORLD-RENOWNED If you are a lover of Flowers, and anxious to have your Garden gay with blossom, we can supply your wants with collections con- sisting of beautiful varieties suitable for the Open Ground, the Greenhouse, or Con- servatory, that will gratify your taste, and prove a source of pleasure and profit, at — Is. 6d., 3s., 5s., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 15s , 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s. each. Or, you can make a Selection from our CATALOGUE. Our Flower Seeds have a world-wide reputa- tion ; and are largely used both on the Continents of Europe and America, and in the Colonies. We are constantly receiving large numbers of unsolicited testimonials. iSS* Customers will phase note that all our Choice Strains of FLORISTS' FLOWERS bear our Registered Trade Mark, without which none are genuine. B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, victoria and paradise nurseries, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. HORTICULTURAL B-t w^n ANTHRACITE COAL. LONG LASTING and ABSOLUTELY SMOKELESS. AMMANFORD COLLIERY, AMMANFORD R.S.O., CARMARTHENSHIRE. A Bmall Trial Truck, direct from Colliery, to any Station. Apply to ThOS. FENARD, Agent. LLANELLY, South Wales. " 17"ILLMRIGHT," JL\_ for Destruction of all Insect Pesta and Mildew. THE STOTT DISTRIBUTOR CO. (Lmtd.), Barton House, Manchester. ORCHID PEAT; Best Quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices of WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough, Hants. WARE and SONS' abEIHE FLOWER POTS best THE SUSSEX POTTER Y WORKS, TJCKFIELP, Quotations given for quantities. Carriage paid to any The Best Railway station. are Cheapest. SAMPLES and LISTS FREE. Crates packed. WRIGHT and HOLMES, Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, BIRMINGHAM. THE GARDENER'S GREENHOUSE. •The Gardener's Greenhouse" has on each side of it a range of useful pits, which, with the Greenhouse gives a building complete in itself of great usefulness. The system of construction mikes it a Tenant's fixture, aB no attachment need be made to the freehold. All can be removed at will, and refixed without loss or damage, the glass being fixed in the patent water-tight grooved birB with copper-screws, without the use of putty. Figure 7.— Wright and Holmes' Patent Portable Span-roof Frame. (Every Man his own Glazier.) PLANS and ESTIMATES given for Greenhouses, Conservatories. Vineries. Peach Houses, Plant Houses, Orchid Houses, Pits, &c. HEATING by Hot Water with reliable Boilers on the latest and most improved principles. PRICE LIST and full particulars sent post free on reference to this Advertisement. WRIGHT and HOLMES, MOSELEY ROAD, BIRMINGHAM. Editorial communications should be addressed to the '* Editor; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the OfEoe, 41. Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C Printed for the Proprietors by Messrs. Bradbuby, Aqnkw, * Co. (Limited), Lombard Street, Preoinot of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by Arthur George Martin, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Pariah of St. Paul's, Oovent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, January 6, 1894. Agent for Manchester— John Hjsywood. No. 368.— Vol. XV. {ST™.} SATUEDAY, JANUAEY 13, 1894. fKegt. aa a Newspaper. J PRICE 3d. [with supplement.1 Post-free, 2$d. CONTENTS. Acacias Baileyana and po- dalyriifolia Allotments Anthuriumsat Highbury, I the hybrid i Apiary, the... Australian fruits, &c.,for i the East Azalea mollis Berberidopsis corallina ... Books, Notices of — Orchid Seetrers, the Orchids : a chat about... Xenia Orchidacea Chinese and Japanese matting Chrysanthemum exhibi- tions, how to improve... Chrysanthemums, large... Chrysanthemum boards, expanding Florists' flowers Chrysanthemums, stop- ping Hiiipeastrutn, the Hollyhock, the Gardening journals and periodicals, list of Hard- wooded greenhouse plants ... Novelties of 1893 Ob.tuary — Ingram, William Orchid cultivation in Bel- gium and Eng'and Orchid no.es and £.lean" inga— Cypripedium Boxalli varieties 3S Cypripedium Poyntz- ianum ,. 33 Ltelia albida var. Sto- bartiana 36 Odontoglossum crini- tum 33 Pavia macrostachya at Coombe Wood 45 Pimeleas, the culture of 40 Rosary, the 3S Salford public parks ... 47 Shows and garden cha- rities 49 Stock-taking : December 4-5 Traveller's notes, a ... 33 Trees and shrubs, hardy ornamental 48 Vine ttems, severe strip- ping of 49 Vitis Coignetise Weather in Sussex, the . ,, the recent wintry . Week's work, the — Flower garden, the Fruits under glass Hardy fruit garden Kitchen garden, the , Orchid-houses, the Plants under glass Wood paving ILLUSTRATIONS, Acacia Baileyana Acacia Podalyriifolia Ingram, William Pavia macrostachya at Coombe Wood. Supplement. 44,48 46 4i 41 41 42 41 42 42 40 'GARDENERS' CHRONICLE." Continued Increase in the Circulation. L Important to Advertisers. — The Publisher has the satisfaction of announcing that the circulation of the "Gardeners' Chronicle " has, since the reduction in the price of the paper, Increased to the extent of 76" per Cent. Advertisers are reminded that the " Chronicle" circulates among country gentlemen and AIL CLASSES OF GARDENERS AND GARDEN- LOVERS at home, that it has a specially large FOREIGN AND COLONIAL CIRCULATION, and that it is preserved for reference in all the principal Libraries. HC ANNELL and SONS' • SEEDS. Their Catalogue of the above will be sent post-free to all their friends and coming customers on application. Its value will surprise many, also the success of their Own Grown Seeds. It is a fact their superior quality increased our orders 2000 last season, absolutely proving they are better in every respect, and Five Silver Medals awarded at London Big Shows for Vege- tables confirm it, and with their mode of business, is evidently highly appreciated all over the World. FOR SALE.— OIL PAINTING, by E. Moira. Subject, " Camden Park, Chi&lehurst, 1860." The various changes which Camden Estate has undergone since 1860 render this work of unusual interest. Offers invited. Can be seen by arrangement.— G. E., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand. W.C. GARDENERS' CHRONICLE."— For Sale. Clean, unbound, July to Dec, 1891 ; 1892 and 1893 complete; Dec. 22, 1888 to June 8, 1889; several odd numbers, first vol., 1891. No reasonable offer refused. TAIT, Papcastle, Cockermouth. V For Early Forcing. SUTTON'S FIRST CROP CAULIFLOWER. Invaluable for forcing, as it produces few leaves, and the habit is dwarf and compact. As an exhibition variety it has been exceedingly successful. The Rev. W. E. Fleming, Kilskeery Rectory, says:— "Last year I got some of your First Crop Cauliflower, and found that no person in this dis- trict had ever seen such splendid heads." Price of Seed, Is. Gd. and 2s. &d. per packet, post-free. SUTTON'S SEEDS, GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON and SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING, The Best Present for a Gardener. INES AND VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. Third Edition just out. Price 5s,, post free, os. &d. A. F. BABBON, Eoyal Horticultural Society, Chiswick, WINTER -FLOWERING CARNATIONS. — Miss Joliffe Improved, best flesh pink, Autumn 9truck Cuttings, 4s. Bd. per dozen, 15s. per 100. Cash with order.— CEANE and CLARKE, The Nurseries, March, Cambs. To the Trade. NUTTING and SONS have posted their NEW TRADE CATALOGUE of SEEDS to all their Customers. If not received, oblige by notifying the same. lOd, Southwark Street, London, S.E. ORCHIDS. — Odont. crispum, Pesoatorea, 5s., 7s. Bd. ; K03si majus, Lselia harpopbylla, Cyp. insigne, 2s. Bd., 3s. Bd.. 5s., all in bud ; and many others. H. BROCHNER, Hessle, Yorkshire. Special Trade Offer. WILLIAM ICETON has a magnificent Stock of the leading kinds of PALMS, ABAUCARIAS, and FICUS, in small pota, to offer cheap. Areca Lutescens, Cocos Wedd., Corypha Aus., Phoenix rup , Latania borb., Kentia9 Fos. and Bel., Araucaria excelsa, Ficus elastica, Dracaenas Lindenii and Doucetti. Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W. MILLER'S SEAKALE — Most satisfactory. Strong roots for forcing, 8s. Bd. per 100; extra large roots for quick forcing, 12s. Bd. per 100 ; good roots for planting, 4s. . Waterloo Road, London, S.E. Prize Cob Filberts. MR. COOPER, Western Elms, Reading (late of Calcot Gardens), is the largest grower of Prize Cob Filberts in the Kingdom; 20,000 fine young Trees now ready for Sale. Pamphlets and Price Lists on Application. Willesden Local Eoard. rPHE ABOVE BOARD are prepared to re- -L ceive TENDERS for SUPPLY and PLANTING of certain TREES at the Recreation-Ground, Harlesden, and upon the various Highways of their District. Copies of conditions and forms of tender may be obtained on and after Monday, the 15th inst,, upon application to Mr. O. CLAUDE ROBSON, Surveyor to the Board, Public Offices, Dyne Road, Kilburn, N.W. The tenders, endorsed "Tender for Trees," to be delivered at the Offices of the Board not later than 4 P. M. on Tuesday, January S?3, 1894. The Board do not bind themsalves to accept the lowest or any tender. By Order, SAMUEL TILLEY. Clerk to the Board. Public Offices, Dyne Road, Kilburn, N.W. January 10, 1S94. FOR ORCHIDS and GARDENERS to Grow Them, apply to SANDER'S, St. Albans. The finest 6tock of Orchids in the World.— 30 minutes from St. Pancras. FOR SALE, 10 Cwt. of SHALLOTS. Apply to— Mr. BRACEY, Marlham, Yarmouth. TUSHROOMS, sent anywhere, 1*. 3d. 'A per pound, carriage free. MUSHROOM SPAWN, the very best, 4s. 6rf. for 16 bricks. BAILEY'S Mushroom Nursery, Croom's Hill. Greenwich. M M YATT'S PROLIFIC POTATOS for Sale, true. 50s. per ton. G. F. YOUNG. Swineshead Abbey, Boston. FOR SALE, 50,000 well-rooted Norwich Wonder RASPBERRY CANE: also a large quantity of John Ruskin STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Price on application to — W. CHAMBERS, Southtleet. near Gravesend, Kent. FOR SALE, a Stock of good LOBELIA, all grown from Cuttings ; 3s. per box. J. CHARMAN, 3, Heme Grove, Peckham Rye, Surrey. CHRYSANTHEMUMS, strong cuttings of Beauty of Exmouth.W. Seward, J. Shrimp'-on.C. Shrimp- ton, EdaPrass, C. Blick, Lord Brooke. Col. W.B. Smith, and other best sorts. The oest old sorts from Is. 6tf. per dozen. 10s. per 100. Also a quantity of the best market sorts by the 100 to the Trade at a low price. Catalogue of W. ETHERINGTON, Chrysan- themum Grower, Swanscombe, Kent. PETUNIAS.— Hender's Prize Strains, Grand Double Frilled, Is. ijd. and 3s. packets; the new Single- striped Frilled, 2s. packets ; Hender's Sinele-striped Plain, Is. and 2s. pacnets. The best Double BEGONIA SEED offered. Is. §d. and 2s. <6d. packets ; Single, Is. Send for The Gem List of Flower and Vegetable Seeds. HENDER and SONS, Nursery, Plymouth. PALMS, FERNS, &c— KENT1AS, fine, in 48*9, 12s. per dozen ; t-ix sorts of PALMS, in 48's. 9r. and 12s. per doz. ; Large KENTIAS, in 60's. 5s. and 6s. per doz. ; eight sorts of PALMS, in 60's, 4s. and 5s. per doz. ; do. in large thumbs, 3s. per doz., 20s. per 100 ; ARALIAS, in 48 s. 5s. and 6s. per doz..; twelve best sorts of FERNS, 12s. per 100; ASPARAGUS PLUMOSUS NANUS, 6s. per doz. ; variety of FERNS in 48's, 5s. & 6s. per doz. Freeonrail. Cash with order. LANE AND MARTIN, 227, Brixton Road, London, S.W. Illustrated, Free, CATALOGUE. Mention this paper. Nothing is too small, or too much trouble. Correspondence Invited. The Trade Supplied. E. D. SHUTTLEWORTH & CO., Ltd., PECKHAM RYE, LONDON, S.E., and FLEET, HANTS. BARR'S SEEDS.— UNEQUALLED VEGE- TABLE SEEDS in the best sorts only. Much valuable information. Catalogue free on application. FLOWER SEEDS.— Upwards of 2000 species and varieties, all decorative kinds. Catalogue free on application. BULBS. — Gladioli, Lilies, Anemones, Ranunculus, Hyacinthus candicans, Tigiidias, &c, for Spring Planting, LISTS ON APPLICATION. PLANTS. — Michaelmas Daisies, Perennial Sunflowers, Double and Single Pfeooies, Irises, Oriental Hellebores, Carna- tions. &c. Lists free on application. BARR AND SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, London. Important to Exhibitors. TOMATO, CUTHBEHT'S CRIMSON EMPEROR.— This splendid Tomato is a cross between the well-known American variety "New Jersey" and "The Trophy." The colour is a rich glossy crimson, with very solid flesh. The beautiful shaps of the fruit will make it a general favourite, both for exhibition, the market, and private me. Per packet, Is. MELON, CUTHBERTS EMPRESS OF INDIA, a cross between the two well-known and valuable varieties, "The Countess" and ,l Sion House." The fruit is beautifully netted, the flesh of a delicate pink colour, and it is a free setter; flavour exquisite. Per packet, Is. 6d. Descriptive CATALOGUE free. R. AND G, CUTHBERT, Seed Merchants, Southgate, N. Established 1797. To the Trade. Hand F. SHARPE ha*re posted their • GENERAL WHOLESALE LIST to their customers and others, and i-hall feel obliged if those who have not received it will inform them and another copy will be sent. SEED-GROWING ESTABLISHMENT, WISBECH. January 13, 1894. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, FRIDAY, January 26. NEW AND MAGNIFICENT CYPRIPEDIUM CHARLESWORTHII (ROLFE, N. SP.) Exhibited and unanimously awarded a First-class Certificate by the Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultual Sooiety, and pronounced by every one to be the most beautiful and charming Cypripedium introduced, causing quite a sensation at the Drill Hall on Tuesday, September 20, 1893. The special feature of this novelty is the dorsal sepal, which is quite distinct in appearance and colour to any other known Cypripedium, which will render it exceptionally valuable to the hybridist. The consignment we are offering is one of the best conditioned we ever had, embracing plants of wonderful size, which almost look like established plants ; and we may reasonably expect some of them will flower soon. Also a fine lot of CYPRIPEDIUM BELLATULUM, ONCID1UM SARCODES, VANDA KIMBALLIANA, and other Choice ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS have received instructions from Messrs. Charles- "WORth, Shuttle worth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, to offer the above great novelty at their Central Sale Eooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on FKLDAY, January 26, at half-past 12 o'Clock. On vieiv morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. BURMESE LILIES. (HARDY GARDEN). HUGH LOW & CO. Have just received, per s.-s. Yorkshire, a grand Consignment of L. NEPALENSE and L. SULPHUREUM (WALLICHIANUM SU- PERB UM), which they propose to offer at greatly reduced prices. The bulbs vary very much in appearance, and new varieties may be confidently expected, CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N.E. THE COLORADO BLUE SPRUCE. ABIES PUNGENS GLAUCA and ARGENTEA. Handsome specimens, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet high. These are all of the Bluest type, and undoubtedly the finest plants in commerce. They are all Seedlings, the plants usually met with being grafted on the Common Spruce Fir. ANTHONY WATERER, KNAP HILL NURSERY. WOKING. SURREY. WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE. We have now published our Wholesale Catalogue of VEGETABLE & FLOWER SEEDS Containing also the best Novelties of the Season. MAY BE HAD ON APPLICATION. Any of our Customers not having received one by post will oblige by letting us know, when another shall at once be posted. WATKINS&SIMPSON, BULB AND SEED MERCHANTS, EXETER ST., STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Seed & Trial Grounds — Felt ham & Twickenham, Middlesex. TSAAC MATTHEWS and SON have for JL immediate disposal as follows, all oE first-class quality, in full health and vigour : — RHODODENDRONS, White, full of buds. ,, Scarlet and other varieties, full of buds. „ Hybrid Seedlings and Ponticum varieties, from 1 to 4 feet, at remarkably low prices, all bushy fine plants. PRIVET, Oval Leaf, from 2 to 4 feet, fine; ASH, Common, and MOUNTAIN BEECH; HAZEL, HORSE CHEST- NUTS, ELM, LARCH, AUSTRIAN PINE, POPLARS (various), EVERGREEN PRIVET, THORN QUICK, SCOTCH FIR, SPRUCE, SYCAMORE, and WILLOWS, all good, well-grown Trees, from 1£ to 4 feet, and upwards. ROSES, AUCUBAS, BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, BOX, CtlPRESSUS, DOGWOOD, GOLDEN ELDERS, HOL- LIES, IVIES, LAURELS, RETINOSPORAS, English and Irish YEWS, AZALEAS (various), and many other varie- ties. For Price List, apply to— The Nurseries, Milton, Stoke-on-Trent. NOW IS THE TIME TO PLANL Send for our NEW DESCRIPTIVE and PRICED CATALOGUE of FRUIT TREES, ROSES, CONI- FERS. SHRUBS, FOREST TREES, CLIMBERS, HERBACEOUS PLANTS, &c. A large Stock grown. LANDSCAPE GARDENING A leading feature. Plans, Specifications, and Estimates prepared. GEO. JACKMAN & SON, WOKING NURSERY, WOKING, SURREY. Established 1810. Akea 150 acres. FOR SALE. — A Lady offers privately her choice Collection of DUTCH, CAPE, and EXOTIC BULBS, also a few select GREENHOUSE PLANTS.— For par- ticulars, write to MANAGER, Blandford Nursery, Teddington. ASPARAGUS of fine quality— For Forcing: 5-yr. old, splendid roots, 12j. Qd. per 100 ; 6-yr. old, extra fine selected, 15s. per 10). For planting: 3-yr. old, 25s. per 1000; do., selected, 35s. per 1000; 4-yr. old, 5s. per 100. All quotations are free on rail, and for cash with order. My Asparagus always makes the very top price at Covent Garden. J. J. CLARK, Market Gardener, Goldstone. Brighton. 1000 BEA-UTIFUL DAFFODILS for 21s., -LV/V/ V/ Carriage Paid on receipt of remittance — a mix- ture of beautiful named soits. Beautiful PEERLESS CHALICK- CUPPED and POET'S NARCI-SI, in mixture, per 1000, 21s. ; per 100, 2s. 6rf. SWEET-SCENTED BUNCH FLOWERED NARCISSI, named sorts, mixed, per 100, 4s. 6i. Beautiful MIXTURE of HYACINTHS, from many named sorts, per 100, lOs.Vjrf.; perdoz..ls. $d. Beautiful SINGLE NAMED TULIFS, in mixture, per 100, 4s. Hd. YELLOW WINTER ACONITES, per 1000. 10s. 6 FLOWERS, WITH COMPLETE PRICE LISTS OF EVERY SEED M the GARDEN. It is Illustrated with LIFE-LIKE PICTURES, PHOTOS, CHROMOS, and ENGRAVINGS OF THE LEiDING VEGETABLES AND FLOWERS. The Field says : — " Messrs. Sutton have excelled themselves in this publication." The Morning Post says : — " It is laden with practical information of the highest value." Price Is,, post-free; Gratis to Customers, from — SUTTON & SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, BEADING. ANTHONY WATERER respectfully invites from intending Planters an inspection of the following well-grown and finely-rooted EVERGREENS :— ABIES DOUGLASII GLAUCA, 5, 6, 7, and 8 feet. , HOOKERIANA (Pattoniana). 4, 5, and 6 feet. PUNGENS GLAUCA ((Colorado Blue Spruce), ARGENTEA ( 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. CHORUS ATLANTICA GLAUCA, 4, 5, 6, and 7 feet. CEDARS OF LEBANON, 5, 6. 7. 8 to 10 feet. GOLDEN CHINESE JUNIPER, 4. 5, 6, 8. and 10 feet. GOLDEN YEWS, Seedlings, 4, 5, 6, and 7 feet. PICEA C0NC0L0£I0LACEA [ 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 feet. " LASIOCARPA I R 6 t0 8 feet " MAGNIFICA f 6> b> t0 8 teCt- PINULAARKIO IACA \ 3' 4' 5' «• t0 8 £e6t- THUIOPSIS BOREALIS I B to 8 feet DOLABRATA f " l° " IeeI' HOLLIES, GREEN, Common, up to 10 and 12 feet. HODGINS ) LAURIFOLIA > up to 10 feet. MYRTIFOLIA ) GOLDEN QUEEN. SILVER QUEEN. ,, WATERER'S, and many other variegated kinds, 6 to 10 feet. PERRY'S WEEPING) with straight Btems and GOLDEN WEEPING j fine heads. Knap Hill Nursery, Woking, Surrey. HUGH LOW & CO., BUSH HILL NURSERY, ENFIELD. THE BEST SEEDS AT MOST MODERATE PRICES. SEED POTATOS, GARDEN TOOLS, & SUNDRIES. Descriptive Catalogue No. 432, Post Free on Application. Delivered Free by Rail or Parcel Post. DICKSONSChIster THE SATURDAY, JANUARY 13, 1894. ALLOTMENTS. ~VTOW that the Parish Councils Bill seems to -*- ' be in a fair way of becoming law, there are doubtless many persons in the country who will be greatly interested in this very important matter. That there will be much opposition to taking land for this purpose those who reside in the country know full well, although landlords are at the present time not paying their way. As a proof of this, I will give an instance of what occurred some time ago. A farmer was complaining that his land did not pay, so I offered to take a field off his hands, and to pay him double the rent that he was paying, in addition to all other expenses, as I was desirous of making it into garden-plots for the school children. I went to the school managers and explained my plans, told them I would be responsible for the rent, and would let the children have their plots free, besides giving them instruction how to cultivate, sow, and plant, into the bargain. None of the managers (" four of whom, it must be understood, were farmers ") would listen to this proposal, as they said if the children were thus instructed, they would be telling them how to farm instead of doing what they were told. Nothing daunted by this, I went to the landlord and asked him, but he, like the farmers, was averse to letting the land, though I offered him double the rent he was receiving, and twelve months in advance. If all the landed proprietors are of the same disposition as those alluded to, there is but a poor prospect of the cottagers in some dis- tricts obtaining allotments for a long time to come. The County Council have spent, and are spending in some counties, a liberal amount of money on instructing people how to grow fruit and vegetables ; but what is the use of affording them this information unless it can be put in practice ? I know of several places where horticultural lectures have been given to audiences not one of whom cultivates a yard of ground. If this be so, what is the use of spending money on such instruction ? Better by far provide the people with the allotments first, and afterwards instruot them how they should be cultivated, than to spend money on lecturing to those who, in all probability, will never be able to get any ground to cultivate. Any one residing in districts where there are well-kept cottage gardens, can see at a glance the difference in the attention given to them than to the land adjoining, which is cultivated by a farmer. But for these allotments to be a real gain to the cultivator there must be a system established, whereby the produce can be conveyed to the large centres of consumption at a much cheaper rate 36 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 13, 1894. than is now the case for small quantities. In some parts of Sussex where there are large chicken farms, special arrangements are made with the railway companies for taking them at a low rate by passenger train, and I am told that this plan answers well. In some instances as many as 11 tons o dead chickens have left one station in a week, and this is carried on throughout the year. The plan adopted is this : a person goes round three times each week with a van to collect ; the chicken fat- teuers have their lots ready, and those that reside some distance from the main road take them to con- venient places where the van passes by for the col- lector to pick up. Each package is properly labelled, having the address on to whom it is consigned, and by whom sent. These lots are taken to the station and sent to London and other large towns at the ton rate ; and the persons sending them usually get their money returned by the next post, the cost of the whole transaction amounting to about 2.Ji. per head. The number of chickens that some persons in Sussex fatten for the market is astonishing, the larger dealers having from SOOO to 5000 birds in their possession at one time. Now, if some such system as this could be established whereby allot- ment-holders could get the produce of the land to the large centres of consumption, their holdings would be a source of profit to themselves and a benefit to the dwellers in the towns. This is a subject well worthy the consideration of those who are about to seek to be appointed as Parish Coun- cillors, and one that should have special interest for those in the rural district', for if cheap carriage could be arranged, there would be but little fear of the land going out of cultivation, or the produce of it declining, for it would be better cultivated, larger crops grown, and the entire community benefited. A Rural Dweller. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. LJELIA ALBIDA VAll. STOBARTIANA. This is one of the prettiest forms of L. albida. and a fine inflorescence of it from Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool, displays it at its best. The spike has fifteen pretty cream-coloured flowers, the lip of a rose-purple colour, and the other segments tinged with the same hue, but in lesser degree. As a winter-flowering plant it is very desirable. A fine flower of L. autumnalis, which expands to a width of 6 inches, came at the tame time. Cypbipedidm Boxalli Varieties. Flowers of the ordinary C. Boxalli, and of his darkest variety, are sent by K?ginald Young, Esq., Liverpool, to show the wide range of variation and also the excellence of hia form of the plant, the colour being very dark, the upper sepal almost black, with a slight margin of green, purple, and white. It is a handsome form, and one of the best of this showy and free-growing species. OdONTOOLOSSUM CB1N1TOM. This remarkable specie?, discovered by Rofzl in eastern New Granada, and afterwards found by Wallis in the same locality, first flowered under culti- vation in the collection of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno, when he resided at Man- chester, in 1882, and it was described in the Gardeners' Chronicle of that year. It has again flowered with Mr. Broome, who says, "I possess three plants, and the one I sent you the spike of is, I believe, the plant from which the original spike was taken and described by Professor Reichenbach. Two plants have grown vigorously, considering the small bits they were to start with." It was with pleasure that I recognised the pretty little plant which the careful culture of Mr. Broome had preserved, and of which I had on three occasions forwarded specimens to the late Professor Keichenbach, all differing from each other in some degree, but none so pretty as the variety " sapphiratum," Ilchb. f., in Mr. A. H. Smee'a collection, and which recently appeared with Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., the rose-purple spots on the spiny labellum of which makes it very attractive. Whenever we get an importation of 0. crinitum we are sure to get great variation, and doubtless some Btill handsomer forms. Cypbipedium Poyntzianum. Comparable in point of beauty only with the pale- coloured Cypripedium Ilookerrc Bullenianum, there is still an attractive appearance in the quaint form of the flowers of this singular plant. It appeared among imported specimens of C. callosum in the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., of Sefton Park, Liverpool, and after whose gardener it has been named. It has been suggested that it is a natural hybrid between C. callosum and C. Hookerce. Two features are specially striking, viz., the length of the thin ovary, which is 3 inches long, and the horizontally extended petals, which reach nearly 5 inches, and have a twist in the middle, which throw the pale lilac tips of the blades upward. The upper sepal is rolled forward at the margin ; pale green with dark green lines ; the inner halves of the petals green with a few chocolate spots ; the broader outer halves pale lilac ; the lower sepal, half as long as the lip, is greenisb-white ; the lip, which somewhat resembles that of C. superbiens, whitish tinged with rose at the base, and spotted with purple inside; the staminode green, with yellow margin at the sides. J. O'B. NOVELTIES OF 1893. (Continued from p 8.) Mb. Measures. In Cypripediums, the collection of K. I. Measures, Esq., at Cambridge Lodge, Camber- well, is specially rich. AmoDg the finest of the season hailing from there are C. insigne Ernesti, a clear yellow form, which, when it gets tho- roughly established, will be a very near approach to C. i. Sandene, the most valuable of Cypripe- diums; C. i. illustre, a most beautifully spotted form, and quite unique ; C. venustum Measures- ianum, the white and green variety, which is to C. venustum what C. Lawrenceanum Hyeaimm is to its species. Cypripedium x Ganesa (Sal- lierii £ , Lawrenceanum Hyeanum