LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE No._.?.Q_4_Q_2 date.JS.t liQ_0_. souRCE__C^ol]e:^)er....-C1.y.rx.ds... / This book may be kept out TWO WEEKS only, and is subject to a tine of TWO CENTS a day thereafter. It will be due on the day indicated below. rtb j 19UI December 30, 1899.] THE ^L / GARDENERS' CHRONICLE a WLukln Illttstwtrt Journal OF Horticulture and Allied Subjects. (ESTABLISHED IN 1841.) VOL. XXVI.-THIRD SERIES. JULY TO DECEMBER, 1899. LONDON : 41, WELLINGTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. 1899. Rev Tultj - 'Dec BRADBURY, AGNEW, AND 00. LIMD. PRINTERS, LONDON AND TONBRIDGE. The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX OF CONTENTS. JULY TO DECEMBER, 1&99. [December 30, 189D. Abbotsbuky Castle, Dorchester, 142 Aberdeen Botanic Gardens, 266 ; great nursery sale at, 31.3 ; Uni- versity, the agricultural department of, 315 Abutilon vitifolium at Cork, 167 Acton .Castle, Cornwall, 237 Adare Manor, flower garden at, 393 Adiantum capillus-veneris imbrica- turn, a fertile frond of, 475 ; A. scutum, 6S African, South, notes, 223 Agave Woodrowi, 430 Agricultural conference for the West Indies, 43S ; land -rating cases, 130, 132 Air, liquid, as a refrigerator, 347 Albuca hybrids, 56 Allamanda Hendersoni, 372 Alloa, N.B., Grapes, climite and atmosphere at, 250 Aloe, a fungus parasitic on, 291 ; A. somaliensis, 430 American blight, and other plant- lice, to destroy, 184 American Red Bud (Cercis cana- densis), 24 American notes, 222, 250, 308 Ames' conservatory, Anthurium Veitchi in Mrs., 227 Ampelopsis Hoggi, 344 Anemone albana, 72 Anemone-leaves, frilled, 418 Annuals in pots, 184 Anthemis tinctoria, 222 Anthurium Veitchi in the conserva- tory of Mrs. T. L. Ames, U.S.A., 227 Anthuriums, hybrid, 54 Apiary, the, 9, 29, S9, 129, 245, 295, 311, 327, 397, 416 Apple crops in the U.S.A., 193, 362 Apple culture at Battle Abbey Gar- dens, 126 Apple Greenup's Pippin, or Yorkshire Beauty, 154 ; Miss Phillimore, 411 ; Mr. Leopold de Rothschild, 395 ; Ribston Pippin, 346 ; the origin of, 94 Apple stocks with caterpillars, 425 Apple-trees, American blight on, 94 ; diseased, 116 ; in Scotland among, the. 372 ; prevention of canker on, 425 Apples, a cargo of, 422 ; Ben's Red, Thos. Andrew Knight, and Venus' Pippin, 259 ; for planting as bushes, best varieties of, 346 ; Peasgood's Nonsuch aud Alfriston at East Sutton Park, 475 ; speck in, 276 Arabis albida, fl.-pl., 33 Arachnanthe Lowi flowering at Glas- nevin, 381 Araucaria imbricata, 212; A. i., a moncecious, 195 ; A. i., requires much water, 412 Arddarroch, N.B., 278 Argemone grandiflora, 210 Agricultural Returns of Great Britain, 194 Aristolochia gigas var. Sturtevanti, 138 Arnebia echioides, 211 Arundinaria auricoma, 53 Asbestos as a packing material for fruits, 258 Ash-tree struck by lightning, 347 Aspidistra lurida, fruit of, 113, 155 Asplenium Fawcetti, 121 ; A. fra- grans var. fteniculacea, 115 Aspleniums, 414 Aster, the single-flowered China, 313, 331 Asters, perennial, at Stoneleigh Abbey, 346 Attar of Roses in Turkey, 72 Auricula, hybridisation of the, 1 Azalea rosfeflora, 64 ; A., the Indian, raisers of, 44 Azaleas, hardy, aud raisers of, 21 ; the training of, 229 B Bahtholina pectinata, 15 Batlle Abbey Gardens, Apple culture at, 126 Bean, Runner, Ne Plus Ultra, 249 ; the Chinese Runner, 74 ; Veitch's Climbing Runner, 155 Beans, forcing French, 446 Beech, the common, and its varieties, 433 Begonia, a monstrous, 116 ; B. "Cale- donia," 474 ; change of sex in, 2S3 ; B. fuchsioides for summer bedding, 3S0 ; B. Gloire de Lorraine, 456, and seeding of, 475 ; B. hybrids, 56, 173 ; B. x Moonlight, and others, 423 ; B. semperflorens for bedding, 202 Begonias, S4, 186 ; bedding, 202 Belgium, Flora of, 418 Belgrove, co. Cork, a fine clump of Pampas-grass at, 31 Benevolent Institution, Gardeners' Royal (Annual Dinner), 12, 329, 361, 151, 152, 473 ; (Worcester Auxili- ary), 31 Benefit and Provident Institution, United Horticultural (Annual Dinner), 29S Bergamot from Southern Italy, 137 Berlandiera tomentosa, 282 Bignonia grandiflora, &c. , at Park Place, Henley, 230 Birdsall House Gardens, York, 196 Birds in Gardens, 237, 317, 369 Blenheim, tree planted by the German Emperor at, 420 Bleu, Alfred, 25 Boltonias, 222, 310 Books for under gardeners, 380 Books, Notices of : Abrege de la Petite Flore de Belgique [A. Cogniaux), 41S ; A Colour Dic- tionary (B. IV. Warhurst), 112; Adam out of Eden (Ad. Speed), 81; Album des Orchidees (.1/. Correvon), 32 ; All about Rubber (J. Fer(juson), 225 ; A Nocturne (H. N.), 362; A Practical Introduction to the Study of Botany : Flowering Plants (J. Bretlaiui Farmer), 407 ; As Dahlias Cactus (H. Cayeux), 420 ; Assouan as a Health Resort ( W. E. Kings- ford), 419 ; A Tabulated List of Orchard Insect Pests affected by Spraying (F. V. Theobald), 32 ; A Text Book of Plant Diseases ('/ Massee), 30; Beyond Pretoria (H. J. Pearson), 419 ; Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana, 92 ; Botanical Magazine, 91, 151, 228, 282, 301, 454 ; Botany for Beginners (Ernest Evan.<), 420 ; Bulletin dArbori- culture, de Floriculture, et de Culture Potagere, 345 ; Cactus-cul- ture for Amateurs ( W. Watson), 73 ; Calendar of flowering trees and shrubs (H. Hoare), 354 ; Catalogue of Welwitsch's African Plants (British Museum Trustees), 172 ; Catalogue of the National Pose Society, 464 ; Culpeppers Herbal, 491 ; Cultivated Roses (T. IV. Sanders), 193 ; Culture des Chrysanthemes a la grande fleur et a taille basse (G. Cha- baune & A. Choulet), 420; Dictionuaire Iconographique des Orchidees, 202, 217, 337, 353, 410 ; Flora capensis, 228 ; Fruit-growing in Natal, 330 ; Gartnerischen Cen- tral-Blatt, 454 ; General Index to Miss Ormerod's Annual Reports of Observations on Injurious Insects, 1877-1898 (R. Newstead), 455 ; General Official Catalogue of the Paris Universal Exhibition, 345 ; German Gardening Handbooks, 12 ; Hooker's Icones Plantarum, 32 ; Icones Selects Horti Thenensis, 399 ; Kew Bulletin, 150, 229, 379, 472 ; La Conservation des fruits, des Legumes, des graines et des Raines Bulbeuses (Henri Coupin), 476 ; La Culture des Chrysan- themes, a la grande fleur ( V. Viviand Morel), 420; Les Pois Potagers (MM. Denaife), 228 ; Lindenia, 26. 101, 337, 463 ; LTn- dustrie des fleurs Artificielles et des fleurs Conservees (H. L. Alph. Blanchon), 476 ; List of Cypripe- diums (Measures), 101 ; Monogra- phien Afrikanischer Pflanzen Fami- lien und Gattungen (Combretaee.-e), 455 (Bugler) ; More Pot Pourri from a Surrey Garden ( Mrs. C. TV. Earle) , 476 ; Natal Plants, 284 ; Natural and Artificial Methods of Ventilation, 379 ; Official Catalogue of the Na- tional Rose Society, 400 ; Origin of the British Flora (Clement Reid), 110 ; Ornamental Shrubs for Gar- den, Lawn, and Park Planting (Lucius D. Davis), 407 ; Phenolo- gical Observations for 189S, 172; Phanerogams et Pteridophytse ja- ponic* iconibus illustrate (Flora of Japan) (Prof. Makino), 112; Prac- tical instructions to procure Shelter for the Animal and Vegetable King- doms, aud to kill pests, &c. (Jas. Dobbie), 477 ; Publications Re- ceived, 5, 73, 112, 136, 152, 194, 230, 2S2, 298, 330, 400, 4SS ; Report on Field Experiments, 72 ; Svenska Fruktsorter (coloured illustrations of fruits), 92; The Century Book of Gardening, 172 ; The Fern Bulletin, 194; The Floral Art of Japan (Josiah Conder), 471 ; The Fruit Growers' Annual, 362 ; The Gooseberry Growers' Register, 377 ; The Journal of the Essex Technical Laboratories, 246 ; The Journal of the Kew Guild, 151 ; The Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, 150, 418 ; The New Forestry (/. S. Simpson), 377 : The Profitable Farm and Garden, 346 ; The Rights and Duties of Justices (D. IV. M. Lit- tler i0 A. Hut ton), 457 ; The Rosa- rians' Year-Book for 1900, 438 ; The Strawberry Manual (Laxton Bros.), 259 ; The Tenth Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 68 ; West Indian Bulletin, 87 ; Wheat Problem, The [Sir W. Oroohu), 376 ; Wild Flowers from Palestine (Rev. H. B. Greene), 476 Border plants, good, 205, 309, 326 Botany in India, the history of, 252 Botany, systematic, for Indian fores- ters, 410 ; the neglect of, 328 Bowling-greens, how to form, 195 Brassia brachiata, 2 Brassica sinensis (Chinese Cabbage), 457, 474 Bravoa Kewensis x , 112 British Association, the, 111, 230, 251, 271, 286 ; SirGeo. King's address to the botanical section of the, 252, 410 British Columbia, spring in the dry belt of, 121 Brockwell Park, proposed enlargement of, 12 Brown J. Ednie, the late, 455 Buda-Pesth, horticultural exhibition at, 266 Budding, waxed tape for, 92 Buds, adventitious, 329 Bulbophyllum mandibulare, 293 Bulb-planting on turf, 305, 325 Bulbs, &o. , 262; in grass, 114 Burrs in Natal, 438 Byblis gigautea, 409 Cabbage, the Chinese, 457, 474 ; C. St. Martin, 447 Cactus hedges for Pine forests, 1 12 Calceolaria, hybridisation of the, 1 Calceolarias, 64 Calcutta, the Cinchona plantation at, 224 Callistephus hortensis (single-flowered Chinese Aster), 313 Calvat, M. Ernest, 41 Calystegia macrostegia, 210 Campanula Mayi x, 126, 211; C. mirabilis, 83, 148, 173, 195, 275 ; C. species and hybrids, 116; C. Vidali, 27S Canada Rice, 210, 229 Cancer in human beings and in trees, 92 Caoutchouc, the collection and prepa- ration of, 193 Capsicums, fruiting, 219 Carbon, the fixation of. 378 Cardiff Castle Gardens, 372 Carnation hybrid between a Clove and Malmaison variety, 210 Carnations, 186, 457 ; and Pinks for market, 293 ; and Violets at The l ! range, Alresford, 490 ; C. Mal- maison the culture of, 33S ; raisers of new, 22 ; tree, or perpetual, 163, 204, 231 Carton Gardens, 181 C'aryopteris mastacanthus, 412 Castlewellan, Pittosporums at, 370 Catasetum macrocarpum chrysau- thum, 324 Cattleya x Atlanta, 182; C. guttata variety, 217 ; C. x Hardyana var , 305 ; C. x Hardyana, Oakwood var., 274; C. labiata, 390; C. I. Gaskelliana, 161 ; C. 1., imperfect peloria in. 362; C. 1. "Mrs. R. I. Measures," 337 ; C. 1. Peetersiana superba, 3S9 ; C. 1. alba " Sir George White," 389 ; C. Law- renceana, 25S ; C. Leopoldi. 116; C. x Lord Rothschild, 338 ; C. x Maggie Raphael, 482 ; C. Mrs. Her- bert Greaves, 446 ; C. Skinneri alba, 2 ; U. superba var. splendeus, 324 ; C. Warscewiczii, 280, 289 Cauliflower-seed cultivation, 362 Cedar catkins, 377 Centaurea americana alba, 12 ; C. ragusina, 223 Cerastium arvense, 341 ; C. a. oblongi- folium as a bedding-plant, 111 Cercis canadensis, 24 Cereus caudicans var. Dumesniliana, 415, 439 Certificated Plants : — Abies Duuglasii pumila, Colorado var, 96 ; Acer californicum aureum, 96 ; Adiantum Burni, 334; Antholyza sethiopica var. vittigera, 366 ; Aruudo Donax niacrophylla, 96 ; Aster Amellus " Distinction," 301 ; A. X. B. Robert Parker var. nana, 301; Begonia "Caledonia," 366; B. Mrs. Leopold de Rothschild, 232 ; B. Mrs. Juo. Caul- field, 96 ; B: M. Wannob; 96 ; B. Sylvia, 402 ; Caladium A. Sie- IV Tic Gardenero' Chronicle,) INDEX. [December ao, 1809. bert, 58 ; C. Madame Jean Dy- bowski, 96 ; 0. Marie Mitjana, 5S ; Campanula x Mayi, 96; C. "War- ley," 96 ; Canna Beaute Poitevine, 197 ; Carnation Heather Bell, 58 ; C. Lady Gerard, 17 ; C. Rosalind, 58 ; C. The Baron, 58 ; C. Trojan, 17 ; Caryopterismastacantbus, 267 ; Cattleya Dowiana aurea. Little's variety, 301 ; C. ■ elatior, 478 ; C. Gaskelliana formosa, 17 ; C. Harrisonia? alba, 58 ; C. x Kienastiana var. Aurora, 232 ; C. labiata, 367 ; C. 1. Gilmouriae, 3G7 ; C. 1. alba Princess of Wales, 367 ; C. Luddemanniana alba, 233 ; C. x Maggie Raphael, 441 ; C. Mrs. J. W. Whiteley x , 402 ; C. Mossi* Lawrenci*, 17 ; C. " Princess," 334; C. vestalis x , 402 ; C. x Weedoniensis, 268 ; C. ■ Whitei, Wigan's var., 156 ; Centaurea americana alba, 156 ; Chrysanthe- mum Edith, 443 ; C. Florence Molyneux, 334, 336 ; C. J. R. Up- ton, 443 ; C. Lady Temple, 351 ; C. Le Grand Dragon, 334 ; C. Miss Alice Byron, 334, 336 ; C. Mme. R. Cadbury, 441 ; C. Madame von Andre, 405; C. Miss Edith Pil- kington,334,336;C. Mrs. A.H.Hall, 336 ; C. Mrs. Alfred Tate, 402 ; C. Oscar, 441 ; C. Ralph Hatton, 386 ; C. R. Hooper Pearson, 334 ; C. Miss Godsmark, 336 ; Cordyline The Queen, 402 ; Cornus macrophylla, 96 ; Cymbidium longifohum, 441 ; Cypripedium x Capt. Holford, 198; C. x cpnco-callosum, 478 ; C. Hera var. Euryades, 441 ; C. H. var. splendens, 478 ; C. • Lord Roberts, 478 ; C. x Milo, Westonbirt var., 402 ; C. x Shillianum, 59 ; C. Stonei candidum, 58 ; Crypto- phoranthus hypodiscus, 232 ; Dahlia Augustus Hare, 232, 233, 267 ; D. Cheerfulness, 232 ; D. Claribel. 254 ; D. Daisy, 232 ; D. Edie Oblein, 232: D. Elsie, 233; D. Emperor, 232, 233; D. Empress, 232; D. Flame, 232, 233 ; D. Geo. Hobbs,254 ; D. Girlie, 233; D. Green's White, 232, 233; D. Hilda, 254 ; D. Innovation, 232, D. Loadstone, 232 ; D. Mayor Tup- penny, 232, 233 ; D. Mme. Medora Henson, 254, 267 ; D. Major Wes- ton, 232, 233; D. Maurice T. Walsh, 232 ; D. Mrs. Carter Page, 254 ; D. Mrs. J. J. Crowe, 232 ; D. Mrs. J. H. Luscombe, 197 ; D. Mrs. Saunders, 233 ; D. Mrs. Ste- phenson Clarke, 197 ; D. Nellie Nicholson, 232 ; D. Progenitor, 232 ; D. Red Rover, 232 ; D. Sylph, 254 ; D. Uncle Tom, 232, 233 ; D. Vera, 254 ; D. Veronica, 232 ; D. William Treseder, 233 ; D. Zephyr, 233; D. varieties of, 156,233; I 'avail la illustris, 17 ; Delphinium Jose Maria de Heredia, 96 ; D. Michel Lando, 58 ; D. Sir Walter Scott, 17 ; Dendrobium Culogvne, 367 ; D. spectabile, 47S ; Disa x Diores var. Clio superba, 96 ; Dracaena indivisa Schneider], 17; Epihelia x Charlesworthi, 59; Eria acervata, 17 ; Eucharis " Bur- fordiensis," 232 ; Gladiolus Henri Vandrier, 156 ; G. Jas. H. Veitch, 197; Gladioli, varieties of, 156; Gongora gratulabuoua, 17 ; Holly- hock Black Knight. 156 ; Lrelia tenebrosa gigantea,5S; L. t. "Victor Warburton," 17 ; L. x Mrs. M. Gra- trix, 334 ; Lajlio-Cattleya x Adolph- phus, 59; L.-C. x cailistoglossa, Leon's variety, 232 ; L.-C. x Bertbie Fournier, 156; L.-C. x Aphrodite eximia, 17; L.-C. x Dominiana Fire King, 17; L.-C. X Duchess of York, 334; L.-C. x Duvaliana, 58; L.-C. x Martineti, 58; L.-C. x Wellsiana ignescens, 478; L.-C. x Wiganiana, 156 ; Masdevallia x Rushtoni, 17 ; Nepenthes Balfour- iaBa, 156 ; Nerines Miss Wilmott, Mrs. Berkeley, and Mrs/'Godman, 366 ; Nicotiana sylvestris, 96 ; Odontoglossum crispum " Bas- sano," 268 ; O. c. " Daphne," 301 ; O. c. purpurascens, 17 ; 0. c. "Seraphim,*' 17 ; O. grande, Pitt's variety, 301 ; O. x Harryano cris- pum, 17 ; O. Loochristyanum, 402; Oncidium varicosum Lindeni, 441 ; Pelargonium Cassiope, 77 ; P. Countess of Derby, 77 ; P. Fire King, 17; P. Lilian, 402: Phlox Fiancee, 96 ; P. Le Mahdi, 156 ; Polygonum Baldschuanicum, 197 ; Retinospora obtusa aurea Crippsii, 232 ; Robinia inermis alba varie- gata, 197 ; Rose Cadeau Ramey, 58 ; R, CoraUina, 232 ; R. Gruss aus Toplitz, 156 ; R. J. B. M. Camm, 96 ; R. Sunrise, 36 ; R. White Mamau Cochet, 58 ; Schomburgkia Lyonsii, 156 ; Sophro-Cattleya x Chamberlaini var. triumphans, 441 ; S.-C. Queen Empress, 96; Spatho- glottis Fortunei, 301 ; Stauropsis lissochiloides var., 156; Sweet William Elizabeth, 58; Vanda teres, Gunnersbury Park var., 96 ; Viola Archibald Grant, 77 ; V. Jackanapes, 77 ; V.J. B. Biding, 77 ; V. Lord Salisbury, 78 ; V. Pencait- land, 78 ; VitisThunbergi, 96 ; Zygo- colax .-. Amesiana, 478 Certificated Fruits and Vege- tables -.—Apple Bassaleg Pippin, 403 ; A. Ben's Red, 233 ; A. Charles Ross (Thos. Andrew Knight), 233, 301 ; A. Early Victoria, 1ST ; A. Miss Phillimore, 367 ; A. Para- keet, 335 ; A. Stanway seedling, 478 ; A.Venus' Pippin, 233 ; Cabbage St. Martin, 367 ; Cherry Noble, 97 ; Cucumber Achievement, 233 ; French Beans.Everbearing, Veitch's Progress, Stringless, Ne Plus Ultra, Covent GardeD, Early Negro, and Sutton's Perfection, 97 ; Grape Reine Olga, 335; G. The Lady Hastings, 97 ; Melon, a new, 157 ; Peas, varieties of, 59, 78 ; Pear Double de Guerre, 403 ; P. Emile d'Heyst, 367 ; P. Marguerite Maril- lat, 301 ; P. Triomphe de Vienne, 268 ; Potatos, The Sirdar, and Elkington Seedling, 268 ; P. Eirly Peter, C'aradoc Seedling, Norbury Park Prolific, and Hibbert's Seed- ling, 97 ; Raspberry, a hybrid, 157 ; R. Golden Queen, 59 ; Straw- berry Lord Kitchener, 59 ; S. Lady Surlield, 97 ; Tomato Chiswick Peach, 157 ; T. Cherry Red and The Comet, 97 Chailletia cymosa, poisonous to cattle, 454 Chalons-sur-Marne, 274 Champion lawn-weeder, 77 Charlock, how to destroy, 420 Charter, the new, of the R.H.S , 70, 90 Chermes Fagi, 457 Childsia Wercklei, or " Treasure Vine," 112 Chiogeues serpyllifolia (true Snow- berry), 324 Chiswick arboretum, the old, 91 Chiswick Gardens, 31 ; the effects of fog at, 356 Chlorosis in fruit-trees, 4 Chrysanthemum, Mr. C. E. Shea, and the, 24 ; C. Etoile de Feu, 348 ; exhibition, the, .'!G0 ; leaves, fungus on, 317 ; C. Mrs. Alfred Tate, 118 ; C. Mrs. White Popham, 34S; C. Society, the French, 312 ; C, specimen plant of Madame Cainot, 422; C, sport, a, 422; C. with stunted flower buds, 317 Chrysanthemums, 64, 284, 348, 356 ; field of, at Worthing, 3S1 ; a suggested cause of sporting in, 344 ; at Lyons, 395 ; at Terregles, Dum- fries, 424; Australian, 332, 348; cultural notes on, 221 ; decorative, 411 ; Fancy, 492; GoldFaden, Can- nell's Favourite, and White Thread, 397 ; how to dwarf, 399 ; in Japan, 277 ; in M. Noma's nursery, 394 ; late-flowering, 438 ; raising, 42 Chrysocoma Linosyris, 309 Cinchona, the introduction of, into India, 253 Cinerarias, 64, 186 ; raisers of new, 22 Clarke, Jas., a veteran gardener, 475 Classification of plants, 345 Clematis flammula, &c, iu Kensington Gardens, 14 ; C. graveolens, 2S3 ; C, hybrid, 62; C. montana at Vevey, 274 Cloister fruit-protector, 381 Clover-seed crops, 242 Coal exit, 65 Coca -nut, the double at Berlin, 394 Codiajums, the culture of, 204 Codonopsis ovata, 140 Cwlogyne uniflora, 238 Coffee, leaf-disease in, 12 Cogniaux, M., honoured by Belgian Congress of Botanical Science, 93 Colchicum autumnale, 261 ; C. Sib- thorpi, 338 Colenso, the Rev. W., 399 Collecting-box, theft of a, 329 Colonial Notes, S7, 185, 413, 447, 466 Colour, Dictionary of, 1 1 2 Colour-trees, 294 Colours of flowers, the, 481 Commons preservation, 132 " Congo " sticks, 151 Conifers, a disease of ornamental, 354 : dwarfed, 92 ; atStrathtieldsaye, 162 Continental novelties, 395, 424 Cookeon, Mr. Norman, 127 Co-operative festival, 150 Coriaria terniinalis, 210 Coris monspeliensis, 83 Cornu, Maxime, 83 Coronilla varia, 197 Cortaderia argentea (Pampas-grass), as grown at Belgrove, 31 ; C. jubata, 102 ; C. Lambleyi, 283 Coryauthes Mastersianus, 82 Costus igneus, 392 Covent Garden Market, 479 Cratajgo-Mespilus Dardari, 220 Crataegus pyracantha as a standard, 423 ; C. tanaeetifolia, 32 Crinuni amabile, 392 ; C. Van Tuber- gen, 133 Crocus speciosus, 262 ; C. zonatus, 339 Crops, rotation of, in trees and plants, 429 Crosnes, 455 Cross-breeding and inter-breeding, 74 Crozy, M., and his Caunas, 43 Crystal Palace to be re-roofed, 361 Cucumber, the structure of the, 298 Culverwell, William, 42 ; retirement of, 455 Currant, Comet Red, 456 Cuscuta reflexa, 432 Cyclamen and its culture, the, 121 ; hybrid, 47 ; the, 2, 458 Cymbidium Gammieanum, 409 Cypripedium Charlesworthi, 337 ; diseased, 116 ; C. x Hera, var. Eury- ades, 483 : C. x Helvetia, 273 ; mal- formed, 4S8 ; C. x Milo, Westonbirt variety, 413; C. x Olivia, 339; C. ■ purpurato-Curtisii,430 ; peloriate, 4S8 ; revision of the, 202 Cytisus purpureus, 04 Daffodil forcing for market, 307 Dahlia-blooms iu the middle of No- vember, 380 Dahlia Society, the exhibition of the National, 208 Dahlia, the, 182 ; and Helianthus hybrid, 37S Dahlias given three marks at Chis- wick, 197 Daisies, double-flowered, in bloom in November, 422, 456, 490 Dalston, new public garden for, 73 Dandelion, torsion in leaf of, 229 Date-tree, the Arabian, in India, 290 Davallias. 414 Davenham House, Malvern, 162 Delasaux, the name, 346 Delphinium staphisagria not iu culti- vation in England, 172 Dendrobium rigidum, 32,1112 ; spec tabile, 491 Dendromecon rigidum, 13 Deodar and the Larch, the, 61 Deutzia discolor purpurascens, 46 Dianthus Knappi, 168, 196 Didiera mirabilis, 210 Diervillas, 6 Dioscorea, hybrid, 61 Douglas, Mr,, presented with-a Vic- toria Medal of Honour, 264 Dover House Gardens, Roehampton, 125 Dracfena Victoria, 315 Drinks, temperance, 92 Dropmore, 458 Droseras, hybrid, 92 Dublin Museum, the, 332 Dunn Memorial, the, 329 Dunn's library, sale of the late Mr., 354, 378 East Sutton Park, Apples at, 475 East Thorpe, Reading, 340 Echium candicans, 74 Economic plants, ornamental, 414 Eel-worms, 400 Egypt, botany of aucient, 377 Egyptian gardening, ancient, 461 Ebragnus, the, 65 Embothrium in fruit, 211 English gardens, a German opinion of, 416 Entomology, ecouomic, 228 Eremostachys laciniata, 12 Erica cinerea purpurea, 114 Eriobotrya japonica, 150, 422, 438 Eucalyptus, the, 99 ; in Kent, 474 ; in the Transvaal, 432 Eucharis Burfordiensis, 239 ; E. Elmetana x , 344 ; five-merous, 317 ; E. grandiflora, the cultivation of, 447 ; species and varieties of, 23S Eulalia j aponica zebrina, 490 Eulophiella Peetersiana, 353 Eupatorium Fraseri, 309 Euphorbia, the, 458 Examination in horticulture, the Royal Horticultural Society's, 12 Exeter, the Northernhay public gar- dens at, 32 Fairlawn Park, Tonbridge, 266, 273 Fasciated stems and inflorescences, 72 Fatsia papyrifera, 415 Feathered friends, our, 283 Feeding over, dangers of, in the cul- tivation of plants, 221 Fern-culture, the principles and prac- tice of, 201, 220 Fern fronds, the evolution of, 431 Fern-prothalli, 340 Ferns, apospory and apogamy iu, 220 ; British, 26, 46 ; deciduous, 390 ; filmy, at Dr. Winter's, Brighton, 211 ; for market, 114, 261 ; hybrid, 57, 62 ; propagation of, by vegeta- tive means, 220 ; from spores, 221 ; sickly, 218, 390; the crossing of, S4 Fibres of the Philippines, the, 272 Fig-tree roots, restricting, 489 Figs iu Kent, 249 Floral decorations, hints for, 73 Florists' flowers, 1S2, 204, 221, 2S4, 411, 492 Flower-garden at Adare Manor, 393 Flower-garden, the, S, 2S, 49, 6S, 89, 118, 12S, 149, 169, 189, 206, 224, 244, 262, 278, 295, 310, 326, 343, 358, 374, 396, 416, 435, 450, 468, 485 Flower-pot, a sub-irrigated, 458 Flowers, colours of, 4S1 Focke, Dr., 3 Fog, effects of, 3S2 The Gardeners' Chronicle.] INDEX. (December 30, 1899. Foreign correspondence, 26, 394, 431, 459 Forest department, Indian, and its work, 111, 254 Forestry, 66, 123, 187, 308, 466 ; national, paper upon, by Mr. D. E. Hutchins, 441 ; state, 418 Foster, Sir Michael, and the British Association. 230 Fouiiuiera columnaris, 277 France. Japanese gardeners in, 329 French Pomolo^ical Congress, 362 Friar Park, Henley-on-Thames, 321, 338 Fruit, convictions for exposing for sale unwholesome, 455 ; fruit crops, report on the condition of the, 103; remarks, &c, 134, 135, 144, 165 ; lecture on the, 425 ; the sparse, 155; cultivators in New Zealand, 447 ; exhibits at the R. H.S. meetings. 363; growing in South Wales, 403 ; area of, in Britain, 11; &c, from the West Indies, 24S ; packing classes, the, at the Crystal Palace, 283 ; pro- tector, the Cloister, 381 ; record sale of growing, 152 ; roadside, in Europe, 3S9 ; show, awards at the great, 299; trale, growth of the, 335 ; tree arch at Fairlawn, Ton- bridge, 266 ; tree protectors iu Switzerland, 275 : trees on garden walls, 400 ; tree?, influence of Kainit on, 46S ; fruits, a selection of, 255 ; at the Crystal Palace show, 264 ; from the West Indies, 53 ; grown at the Cape, 314 ; some Sussex, 445 ; see Hardy fruit-garden Fruits under glass, 9, 23, 49, 69, 88, US. 128, 149, 168, 189, 206, 225, 245, 263, 279, 295, 311, 327, 343, 359, 374, 396, 416, 435. 450, 469 Fuchsias, raisers of mw, 22 Fumigation of trees, 330 Fungus parasite on Aloe, a, 291 Gaillardia, "blind," 132 Galtonia candicaus as a border plant, 206 Galtonia crosses. 1SS, 333, 347 Gardener, a good, 71 ; a veteran (Mr. Clarke), 475 Gardeners, gentlemen's, 248 Geneva, from the lake of, to the Alps, 289 German opinion of English gardens, 415 Ghent School of Horticulture, Jubilee of the, 29, 70 Gillenia trifoliata, 14S Ginkgo biloba, 281 ; in Panshanger Park, 467 Gladiolus, 127, 205 Glass-houses, the shading of, 14 Glazing, a system of, 299 Glen, the, see The Glen. Gloriosa superbi, 46 ; the improve- ment of the, 2 ; with double corolla, 150 Golder's Hill secured for (he public use, 473 Gooseberry, the Cape, ripening iu the open air, 250 Gorhambury, Herts, trained Apple- trees at, 115, 219 Gould, Mr. J. G, an old servant, 152 Graft hybrids, 226 Grafting, the, of Monocotyledons, 39S; wax, 184 ; wax, a substitute for, 212, 231 ; eilieicnt, and easy to make, 413 Grafting, inter of, genera, instances of, 57 Grape, Diamond JubUee, 374 ; judg- ing, 172 ; juice, sterilised, for beverages, 314, 420 ; Lady Hutt, 314 ; Lady Hastings, 155 ; the Charlton, 2S6 Grapes, judging and showing of, 135, 15S ; Scots, 211; with mildew, 116 ; without tire-heat, 456 Grass, chemical composition of meadow, 371 Grass crops, the, 242 Grenada Botanic Gardens, 413 Grocer's Exhibition, the, 297 Grootfontein, 167 Gymnogrammas, varieties of, 414 H Hailstorm at Canterbury, 53 ; dis- astrous, near Maidstone, 90 ; terrific, in Hants, 12 Hampstead Green, 248 Hartland Nursery, the site of the old, 341 Hardy fruit-garden, the, 9, 28, 48, 69, 8S, 117, 129, 149, 169, 188,207, 224, 245, 263, 278, 294, 311, 326, 342, 359, 375, 396, 416, 434, 451, 469, 485 Hares, dressing to preserve trees from, 490 Haselbech Hall, 449 Haylockia pusilla, 112 Helenium autumnale, a proliferous, 116; H. a. var. striatum, 317, 331 ; H. nudiflorum, 222, 249 ; H. tenui- folium, 210 Helianthus "Miss Mellisb,'' 310; H. Nuttalli, 2S Herbaceous border, the, 28, 140, 148, 186, 222, 371 Heresies, 114, 122, 168 Hippeastrum species, 425 ; H. stylo- sum, its geographical distribution, 439 Hippophae at Kew, 228 ; H. rhain- noides as a standard, 210 Holbeck Gardens, Scarborough, 392 Holland House, 14S, 453 Holland, Essex farmers in, 346 Holly-hedge, a remarkable, at Bag- shot, 424 Holly, the, as a woodland tree, 484 Hollyhocks for the border, 205 ; single, 134 Hooker, Sir Joseph, and bis work iu India, 253 ' Hops, produce of, 329 Horticultural College, Swanley, the 437 Horticultural University, a, 151 Hot-water cure for mildew, 33, 94, 113, 134 Hoy a bella, 219 Humeas, the cultivation of, 421 Hurst & Sons' annual dinner, 473 Hyacinths in glasses, 314 ; in the house, 282 Hyacinthus azureus, 489 Hybrid Cyclamen, 47 Hybridisation and cross-breeding as a subject of scientific research, 54 ; experiments on, 55; aud its failures, 54 ; and retrogression, 74 ; the per- petuity of feebleness by, 230 ; progress of, in the U.S., 61 ; the work of the U.S. Department of Agriculture in plant, 55 ; viewed from the standpoint of systematic botany, 56; inter-crossing, 133; as a means of pangenetic iufection, 54 Hybridisation Conference, the, 1, 50, 54,61 ; festival dinner in connection with the, 60 ; list of awards made at the, 111 Hybrids and their raisers, 21, 30, 41, 84, 126, 152, 162, 347 Hybrids, garden, 47 ; a warning, 31 ; graft, 226 ; in the Jardin des Plantes, 61 Hybridists aud cross-breeders, 12, 31, 51 Hydrangea Hortensia, with excep- tionally blue flowers, 196 Hyline Worsleyi, 102 Hypericum humifusum, 371 Ilford recreation ground, 330 lllicium verum (Star Anise), 152 Imber Court, Thames Ditton, 305 Impatiens Roylei, 392 Importation of plants, shrubs, &o., 346 Imports of plants, &c, 133 ; of fruits and vegetables, 4SS Improvements of Land Act, 1S99, 458 Incarvillea Delavayi, 123 India, Carrots and the famine in, 416 ; the great rainfall and landslips in the Darjeeling district of, 324, 342 Indian botany, the history of, 111, 252 ; foresters, systematic botany for, 410 Insects, scarcity of, 91, 114, 134 Inula glandulosa, 88 Ireland, agricultural statistics from, 228 ; notes from, 76 ; seeding of rare shrubs in, 332 Iris pallida fol. var., 186 ; I. reticulata disease, 14 ; I. reversion, 33 ; I. sofarana, 3S9 ; I. susiana, 413 Islington open spaces, 24S Italy, arbor-day for, 229 ; Villi Car- lotta at Cadenabbia in, 409 Italian lakes, the, 409, 44N Jamaica fruit trade, 172 ; produce, 266 Japanese dwarfed trees, sale of, 84 ; how grown in Japan, 466 ; gardeners in France, 329 ; trees, dwarfed, 92 Jasminum revolutum, 46 Johannesburg, the Eucalyptus at, 122 .Johnston, presentation to Mr. W. , 281 Juniper, the Uganda, 459 Justicia carnea, 46 K Kaixit, influence of, on fruit-trees, 268 Kalanehoe thyrsiflora, 282 Kennet House, Harrow Park, 115 Kew, hybridisation at, 1 Kew gardens, 247 ; tropical fernery at, 111 Kew notes, S3, 112, 210, 430 Kiringeshoma palmata, 210 Kitchen Garden, the, 8, 29, 49, 68, 89, US, 129, 149, 168, 189, 207, 225, 244, 263, 279, 295, 311, 327, 342, 35S, 375, 397, 416, 435, 450, 469, 485 Ktelreuteria pauiculata, 212 Kruger, Paul, as a gardener, 472 LabOKNOM, the, 83 Ladia Jongbeaua, 2, 26 La/lio - Cattleya Audreaua, 217.' L.-C. Broomeana, 217 ; L.-C. Captain Percy Scott, 446 ; L. C. elegans var. Houtteana, 14S ; L.-C. Ethel wald, 273 ; L.-C. Isabella, 82 ; L. -C. Yellow Prince, 446 ; L. -C. Santiago, 369 ; L.-C. Sehiller- iana gigantea, 324; L.-C. superbo- elegans, S2 Lagerstnernia indica, S2 Land Act, 1S99, Improvement of, 458 Lavatera arborea variegata, 33 Lavender industry, the, 217 LAW NOTES :— Abraham v. Cox (sale of plants by a gardener), 154 ; Agricultural land rating cases (de cision by the Lords of Appeal, 130, 132 ; Alleged long firm frauds. 333 ; Ivlinkenberg v. Thomson & I o. (bulbs badly packed), 381 ; Mahood & Sous (bankruptcy case), 212 ; May i'. Thyne (failure to deliver bulbs), 77 ; Pa.^e (bankruptcy case), 46 ; Pharmaceutical Society v. White (sale of poisonous weed- killers), 151 ; v. Wrench & Sous (sale of poisons), 436, 438 ; Smith '•. Irvine (Native Larch-seed), 333 ; Spittle r. Spouce & Co. (Damage to growing crops by balloon), 46 ; Wix A Co. (fruit seizure), 111 Lawu plants which are proof against drought, 330 Lawn - sweeping and collecting machine, 77 ; weeder, the Cham- pion, 77 ; weeds, 114, 134 Leaf, torsion in the, 229 Library, sale of the, of the late Malcolm Dunn, 354 Lightning, an Ash-tree struck by, 347 Lilac, stocks on which to graft the, 330 ; hybrid of, 62 Lilies, hardy Water-, 217 ; the botany of the, 24 Lilium candidum, a bed of, at Holland House, 454 Lilium concolor var., 317 ; L. Harrisii for market purposes, 290 ; L. ru- bellum in Japan. 431 Lily-tank, Mr. Miller's, at Berkswell, 433 Linaria reticulata aureo carminata, 12 Linden, erection of a monument to the late John, 360 Ling, late-flowering, 379 Lodoicea seychellarum at Berlin, 394 Lomaria ciliata major, OS ; L. gibba platyptera, 414 Lonicera Hildebrandtiana, 282 Loquat, the, 150, 422, 43S Lucian, see Traveller's Notes Lunt, Thomas Keir, 195 Lupiuus polyphyllus, 186 Lycaste Denningiana, 324 Lychnis Walkeri, 152 Lycium afrum, 27S M Machine, a lawn-sweeping and col- lecting, 77 McLeod, presentation to Mr. J. F., 455 Magnolia Lenne, 379 Maidenhair tree, the, at Panshanger Park, 467 Malformed Tulip-bulb, 309 Malshanger Park, Hants, 185 Malt-combings, a use for, 375 Mango, the, 210 Manure for indoor plants, 184 Manures, farmyard and stable, 4S1 Manures, nitrogenous, 223 Manuring, 423 Marguerites for market, 293 Marliac's, Water-Lilies, M. Latour-, 187 Market Ferns, 68 Market gardening, 114, 293, 307, 449 ; in Worcestershire, 229 Market garden in Victoria, a, 140 Marou, Chas., 41 Mascarenhasia Curnou iana. 67 Masdevallia x Acis, 447 ; M. < Doris, 324; M. x Rushtoni, 324 Masters, Dr. M. T. , honoured by the King of the Belgians, 53 Meadow-grass, chemical compoiition of, 371 Medah, the award of, at the Drill Hall, 347 ; the Walsingham, 418 Medlar, the, iu Sussex, 443 Melons, flavour in, 4S, 74. 76, 95, 113, 135 Mice, a sure and humane method of catching held, 94 Mice and rats, destruction of, 1 >4 Michauxia Tchihatchewi, 83 Micheli, M., honoured by the King of the Belgians. 152 Mignonette, 186 Mildew on Vines, aud its treatment by hot-water, 14 Milner, Mr. H. E., honoured by tho King of Sweden, 152 Mimicry, 411 ; iu plants, 161 Mimulus Burueti x , 154 Mimulus, Violas, &C., hybrid, 62 Mints, West European, 472 Misleto growing on Oak, 474 Missouri Botanical Garden, 150 Moles, destruction of, 1S4; wasps, and rabbits, how to destroy. 24-< Monocotyledons, the grafting of, 398 Montbretias and Tritoniaa iu Scot- land, 412 VI The Gardeners Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 30, 1899. Morsea iridioides var. Macleaii, 379 Morina longifolia, 83 Morisia hypoga?a, date of flowering of, 88, 113, 135, 155, 173 Moth and caterpillar bine, 184 Mount Kosciusko, ascent of, by Mr. Maiden, 472 Munches, the, Dalbeattie, N.B., 220 Mushroom growing in eld wine cellars, 422, 438, 474; for market, the growth of, 307 N Naming of plants in public gardens, 209 Natal, crops in, 358 Nature, waste in, 264 Nepenthes Balfouriana x , 90 Nephrolepis, 414 Nerine Miss Willmott, 398 Nerve-wave, the, 379 Nest, a rat's, in an Orchid, 138 New Guinea, the vegetation of, 218 New Zealand Spinach, 314 New Zealand, fruit cultivators jd, 447 Nicotiana sylvestris at Highclere Castle, 350 Nicotiana, the genus, 26 Nilgiris Botanical Garden, 377 Nitragin, experiments with, 379 Nitrogenous manures, 223, 260 Nomenclature, 346 Norwood, wanted a gardeners' so- ciety for, 212 Nursery Notes. — Brighton and South Coast Horticultural Society, Worthing, 154; Cant, B. R., Col- chester, 76 ; Carter & Co., Jas., 86; Cheal & Sons, J., Crawley, 332; Fisher, Son & Sibray, Shef- field, 27 ; Forbes, John, Hawick, N.B., 260; Goodliffe, W., Cam- bridge Nurseries, Worthing, 124 ; Lemoine, M., Nancy, 192; Rus- sell, John, Richmond, 194 ; Turner, C, Slough, 4; Rivers, Thos., & Son, Sawbridgeworth, 315 ; Veitch & Sons, Jas., 300; Waterer, Jno., & Sons, Ltd., Bagshot, 423 ; Webb, &■ Sons, Wordsley, 240 Nympbajas, M. Latour-Marliac and the, 41 Obituary. — Brignot, J. , 346 ; Brown, J. Ednie, 437; Budd, Dr. S. P., 248; Canham, F, 364 ; Courtauld, Sydney, 333 ; Dawson, Joseph, 39 ; Fry, George, 1 5 ; Girdlestone, T. W. , 10 ; Hen- derson, Alfred, 250 ; Hughes, E. Griffiths, 440 ; Johnson, Alfred, 212 ; King, Walter, 457 ; Langhe, Ed. de, 349 ; Loudon, F. W., 346 ; Martin, James, 272, 285 ; Mason, Major, 79 : Matthews, Isaac, 407 ; Mawet, Joseph, 349 ; Mayo, William, 492 ; Moore, Richard, 349 ; Outram, Alfred, 457 ; 1'amp- lin, William, 362, 455; Parker, Mrs. R., 119 ; Penzance, Lord, 452 ; Protheroe.W. H.,440; Rivers, T.F., 179 ; Selden, Jas., 492; Shrimpton, John, 381 ; Sorley, Thomas, 444 ; Spooner, Stephen, 444 ; Stevens, Sam, 248 ; Thomson, William, 250 ; Tissandier, Gaston, 266 ; Vilmoriu, Henry de, 190 ; Walden, Dowager Lady de, 119; Wallace Dr. A., 303 ; Warooque, Georges, 349 ; Welsh, Wm. Martia, 457, 477 ; WilliamB, R., 179 O'Brien, Jas., 25 Odontoglossum crispum, 202, 422, 475 ; abnormal flower-spikes of, 401 ; O. c. " Daphne," 307 ; O. c, the condition under which it grows, 231 ; O. c. Moortebeekiense, 431 ; O. o., the potting of, 43S ; O. Harryanum, 369 ; O. H. hybrid, 2S9 ; O. x Harryanoorispum, 66 Odontoglossums from Arddarroch, 389 lEnothera Fraseri, Cuthbertson s var., 93 ; (E. ovata, 64 Olearia nummularifolia, 101 Olive fruiting out of doors at Dork- ing, 465 Oncidium dasytyle, 162 ; O. vancosum insigne, 338 Orange-tree, death of a patriarchal, 345 Oranges, Jaffa, 472 Orchid, a bird's nestin an, 14 ; a rat's nest in an, 138 Orchid crosses, 45 Orchid-houses, the, S, 29, 48, 69, SS, 117, 12S, 14S, 169, 1S8, 207, 225, 244, 262, 279, 294, 310, 320, 343, 358,375, 396,416,434, 451, 408, 4S4 Orchid notes and gleanings, 2, 26, 4li, 62, 82, 148, 161, 182, 202, 217, 238, 257, 274, 289, 305, 324, 337, 369, 353, 389, 410, 446, 403 Orchid Society, the Indian, 62 Organisms, senile decay of, 316 Orphan Fund, the Royal Gardeners', 79, 316, 344 Orchids, abnormal flowers of, 2 Orchids at Deepdene, Dorking, 03 ; at the Grange, Southgate, 355; hybrid, 127 ; notes ou some Queensland, 5 ; sale of, at The Firs, Warwick, 314 Osmanthus aquifolium in fruit, 92 Osmunda regalis var. cristata, 43S Packing and grading of Tomatos, Cu- cumbers, and Grapes, 293 Packing material for fruits, a n"w, 258 Pampas-grass, a fine clump of, at Bel- grove, 31 Pansy and Viola, the, 44 Panshanger Park, Ginkgo biloba in, 467 Papaver somniferum, 114, 135 Paraguay Tea, 70 Paris Exhibition, the, 246, 2S0 ; space allotments at the, 362 ; Inter- national Congresses at, 488 Parsnip-fly, the, 64, 93 Passiflora hybrids, 56 Paul, George, 41 Paulowuia in fruit, 211 Pea, Champion of England, 113 ; Thomas Laxton, 197 ; hybrids be- tween the sweet and culinary, 72 Peach and Nectarine-trees iu glass- houses, 449 Peach Princess of Wales, 261 Peach-trees when ia flower, protect- ing, 230, 249, 283, 2S9, 346, 423 Peaches from a standard tree in the open air, 283 Pear-trees, trained, at Uorhambury Park, 219 Peas, early, and their culture, 406 Pears, Californian v. Canadian, 314 Pears in Scotland, notes on, 44S Pelargonium cotyledonis, 1 12 Pelargoniums, 186 Pentstemons, 163, 326 Peristeria elata, 473 Petroleum emulsion, 1S4 Phakenopsis Denisiana, 82 Pharus guianeensis albo-striata, 1S3 Philippines, the fibres of the, 272 Phlox, the herbaceous, 162, 200 Phrynium variegatum, the cultivation of, 243 Physalis pubescens, ripening fruits out of doors, 250, 2S4, 438 Phylloxera, destruction of, 184 Pine- apple, a plea for the cultivation of the, 14, 4S, 74, 94 Pinks, raisers of, 21 Pinus Balfouriana var. aristata, 332, 371 ; P. Strobus, bladder-rust on, 32,94 Pittosporum crassifolium, 204 Pittosporums, in Lord Aunesley's garden, 370 Plantago coronopus, 22S Plantations, height-growth in, 187 Plant Portraits (references to) :— Acacia spha?rocephala,91 ; Acalypha hispida, 194 ; Aloe Schweinfurthi, 151 ; Anemone coronaria vars. , 93 ; Anopterus glandulosa, 359 ; An- sellia congoensis and A. confusa, 224 ; Apple Sturmer Pippin, 93 ; A. Gustav Dauerapfel's (late- keeper), 282 ; Apricot Fertile de Chatenay, 64 ; Arachnanthe Cath- carti, 463 ; Asclepias tuberosa, 359 ; Asparagus scandens, 228 ; Aspasia lunata, 337 ; Aster Pic- coli, 151 ; Begonia Graf Johann Harroch, 93 ; B. Hemsleyana, 361 ; B. sinensis, 22S ; Berlandiera to- mentosa, 282 ; Bidens connata, 152 ; Bougainvillea glabra var. Sander- iana, 93 ; Calathea picta, 228 ; Car- ludovica Laucheana, 361 ; Cattleya Dominiana Langleyensis, 194 ; C. la- biatavar. lilacina, 26 : C.Loddigesii, var. Harrisoniaj. 337 ; C. Schil- leriana, 101 ; C. Trianaji var. cieru- lescens, 26 ; C. T. var. lucida, 101 ; Cereus viridiflorus, 454 ; Cherry Royal Tardive, 359 ; Cbimonan- thus fragrans grandiflorus, 194 ; Cliveia miniata superba, 359 ; Comparettia macroplectron, 101 ; C. speciosa, 463 ; Coryauthes ma- culate, 359 ; Crassula pyrarnidalis, 91 ; Coleus thyrsoideus, 228 ; Corylopsis pauciflora, 359 ; Cym- bidium Traceyanum var. grandi- flora, 93 ; Cyphomandra betacea, 361 ; C. bellatulum var. Cko- tekse, 337 ; C. Haumonti x , 337 ; C. insigne nobile, 26 ; C. Parishi, 337 ; C. villosum, 101 ; Dahlias, varieties of, 194 ; Dimorphotheca Eckloni, 152 ; Dorstenia Phillipsise, 225 ; Echinocactus setispinis, 64 ; Ephedra altissima, 151 ; Epipactis gigantea. 454 ; Heliophila scandens, 151 : Hibiscus miiitaris, 455 ; Hidalgoa Wercklei, 301 ; Hyacinth General Pelissier, 93 ; Iris Bis- marckiana, 152 ; I. Gatesii, 152 ; Kajmpferia rotunda, 152 ; Kalanchoe thyrsiflora, 282 ; Kleinia Granti, 454 ; Kniphophia Tucki, 488 ; Lrelia pnestans var. albo-oculata, 20 ; L. p. var. Leemaniie, 26 ; Lselio-Cattleya Ernesti var. Van Dyck, 359 ; L.-C. Gottoiana x , 101 ; Lonicera Hildebrandtiana, 282 ; Mammillaria vivipara, 359 ; Manettia bicolor, 93 ; Masdevallia muscosa, 91 ; Mina cordata, 93 ; M. lobata, 454 ; Muss:enda capsuli- fera, 151 ; Myoporum parvifolium, 455 ; Nectarine Early Rivers, 224 ; N. Humboldt, 488 ; Xerine. varie- ties of, 250, 359, 420 ; Odonto- glossum Coradinei var. Moor- tebeekiense, 26 ; O. crispum var. funambulum, 101 ; O. c. var. Ma- dame Metdepenningen x , 64 ; O. c. var. Rosette, 463 ; 0. c. var. tigrinum, 26 ; 0. Ruckerianum, 337 ; O. Schlieperianum var. xan- thina, 337 ; O. x Soleil de Muyaen, 26 ; O. Wilckeanum, 337 ; Orange, Jaffa var., 455 ; Oxybaphus hirsutus, 4S8 ; Peach Leopold I., 488 ; Pear, Belle de Juillet, 379 ; P., Beurre Sterckmaus, 455 ; Pentaraphia floribunda, 455 ; Phalajnopsis Schrodera?, 93 ; Phyllocactus Triomphe des Au- thieux, 152 ; Pitcairnia regia x , 420 ; Polygala Dalmaiseaua, 64 ; Poly podium ammifrons, 64 ; P. lineare, 64 ; P. sesquipedale, forma Leiopteris, 64 ; Puya Thomasiana, 379 ; Rhododendron dilatatum, 282 ; R. modestum, 361 ; R. pentaphyl- lum, 64 ; R. Smirnowi, 379 ; Rhyn- canthus Bluthianus, varieties of, 93 ; Richardia Pentlandi, 48S ; Roses, 91, 379, 420 ; Sobralia Lowi, 194 ; Stock (Brompton), Em- press Elizabeth, 420 ; Strawberry, varieties of, 93, 133 ; Stylidium crassifolium, 282 ; Tulipa saxatilis, 152 ; T. Sprengeri, 488 ; Tulips, varieties of, 93 ; Yucca Whippleyi, 91 ; Zephyranthes x Ajax, 4S8 ; Zygo Batemannia Mastersiana x, 101 Plants, New or Noteworthy :— Anthurium, hybrid, 24 ; Aspleuium Fawcetti, 121 ; Byblis gigantea, 409; Cattleya labiata alba "Sir George White," 389 ; C 1. "Mrs. R. I. Measures," 337 ; C. 1. Peeter- siaua superba, 3S9 ; C. x Mrs. Herbert Greaves, 446 ; Cymbidium Gammieanum, 409 ; Cypriptdium x Helvetia, 273 ; C. x purpurato- Curtisii, 430 ; Grammatophyllum Roemplerianum. 353 ; Iris sofarana, 3S9 ; Ladio-Cattleya x Captain Percy Scott, 446 ; L.-C. x Ethel wald, 273 ; L.-C. x Isabella, 82 ; L.-C. x Santiago, 369; L.-C. Yellow Prince, 446 ; Olearia nummulari- folia, 101 ; Phalasnopsis Denisiana, 82 ; Stanhopea Fuersternbergiae, 161 ; Tillandsia Duvali x , 82 Plants, adversities in the life of, 74 ; the improvement of, 186 Plants uuder Glass, 9, 28, 48, 69, 89, 118, 128, 16S, 1S9, 207, 224, 244, 263, 279, 294, 310, 327, 342, 359, 374, 397, 410, 435, 451, 408, 4S5 Plum, the Pershore, 229 ; Coe's Goldeu Drop, 330, 3S0, 401, 456, 474 Plumieria acutifolia, 67 Poirault, M., appointed Director of Experimental garden at Antibes, 31 Poison Plauts, Australian, 454 Poisons, the sale of, 151, 436, 433 Polypodiums, varieties of, 414 Polystichums, British, 125 Pomegranates at Gunnersbury House, 363 Pomological Society of America, 308 Pomology, 312 Pond-weeds, 401 Poppies, hybrid, 56 Poppy, Mr. J. C. Ley's hybrid, 152 Portman market, 132 Potato-crop in Germany, 314 Potato Early Bird, 380 Potato-plant, yellow blight ou the, 457 ; trials at Chiswick, 95, 212 Potatos, 142 ; a tool for lifting, 134 ; best cropping, 380, 438 ; Christmas, 475 ; extraordinary cropping of, 332 ; experiments in grafting, 174; ex- port of, from Jersey, 151 ; flavour in, 172, 185, 212, 231 ; markiog imported, 419, 473 Pratia angulata, 339 Prepotency in hybridisation, 54 Primulas, 186 Pruuus insititia, 92 ; P. Simoui, 399 Pteris, varieties of, 414 Purslane seedlings, 132 Queensland, 29S ; Orchids, uotes on some, 5 Rainfall in Middlesex, a heavy, 364 Raspberry Fillbasket, 196 ; R. Golden Queen, 62; R. Superlative, 134 Recipe for destroying wireworm, ants, eelworms, &c, in borders, 440 Red-spider, the Hatfield cure for, 451, 490 Restrepias from Glasnevin, 446 Rhododendron dilatatum, 282 ; R. The Gardeners' Chroniclt,] INDEX. [December SO, 1890. Vll kamschaticum, 3 ; R. Kingianum, 307 Rhododendrons, raisers of, 21 Rhodoleia Championi, 152 Ribes hybrids, 56 Ribes at Horticultural shows, 192 Riverside gardens, 90 Rivina huinilis, the cultivation of, 420 Roadside fruit in Europe, 389 Rodigas, M. , honour to, 346 Roots, root-stocks, and root mediums, 463 Rosa Camelliaeflora, 317 Rosary, the, 25, 66, 123, 250, 275, 307, 464 Rose, Beryl, 6 ; chlorosis in a, 46 ; Marechal Niel, 250, 261 ; on various stocks, 2S3 Rose season, the past, 141 Rose-soils, analysis of, 437, 452, 456, 474 Roses, an.ocg the, 66 ; Rose-shows, 454 ; bedding-out varieties of, 25 ; for forming hedges, 228 ; in a Scottish manse, 291 ; Marechal Niel and Devoniensis, 299 ; planting season for, 275 ; some old Scottish, 123 ; Tea-scented, 317 ; in Scotland, 383 ; the cross-breeders of, 46 ; varieties of, to plant, 307 (see also Societies : National Rose) Rosslyn, Stamford Hill, 257 Rotation of crops in trees and plants, 429 Rubber-plants, new, 206, 225 Rubus ro8iL'folius, 249 Rudbeckia Golden Glow, 88 Saintpaulia ionantha, 339 Salvia carduacea, 12 ; S. patens, 310, 331, 347, 363 ; S. splendens "Silver- spot," 435 Sambucus glauca, 390 • an lers, presentation to Mr. T.W.,472 .Sander's, Messrs., Orchid hybrids, 45 ^.ic Jose Scale, the, 314 •«biosa caucasica, 83, 339 i!>:.iiomburgkia Lyonsii, 202 S^iiubertiagrandiflora, fruiting of, 332, 3, 411 Vuylsteke, Ch., 163 W Waddun House, Croydon, 3S Walnuts from Southern Italy, 137 Walsingbam Medal, award of the 41S War, Widows and Orphans Fund iu connection with the, 420 Wasps, 196 Waste in Nature, 264 Water, affording, to plauts, 296 ; for garden purposes, charges for, 249 ; hot, as an insecticide, the degree at which it may be used, 166 Water-lilies, hybrid, 487 Vlll The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 30, 1899. Weather, extreme mildness of the, in November, 439 ; severe, 4(39, 474 Webster, Mr. Mark, presentation to, 248 Weed killer, and the sale of poisons, 284 Weeks, Henry, and his method of raising Chrysanthemums, 42 Weevil transfixed by wireworm, 463 Weir, Harrison, 470 Welwitsch's African plants, 172 West Indies, agricultural conference for the, 438; fruit, &c, from the, 53, 248 West Indies, the, 87 Weston, Richard, author, 353 Wexham Park, Slough, 421 Wheat crop of 1899. the, 292 Wheat, crossing varieties of, 22S Wild flowers in the garden, 349 Wild plants, the history of our. 110 Wine as a fire extinguisher, 330 Winter's, Brighton, filmy Ferns at Dr., 211 Wireworm transfixing a weevil, 463 Wistaria chinensis blooming in Oc- tober, 299 ; W. multijuga, 3 Wrotham Park, its Vines, &c. , 276 XL-All compound, the, and the Pharmaceutical Society, 455 Year 1899, the, 4861 Yew, the, as a woodland tree, 484 Yew tree, a large, in Loose Church- yard, Maidstone, 464 Zoological Gardens, Regent's Park, the bedding at, 203 y .'_, Zygopetalum Gairianum, 401 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, Abbotsbury Castle, Dorchester, views in the gardens at, 143, 145, 147, 153 Abutilon vitifolium in Mr. Hart- land's garden, Cork, 167 : spray of, 171 Acalypha hispida, a specimen plant of, 437 Acton Castle, Cornwall, 238 Adare Manor, flower garden at, 393 Aduitt, H. W., portrait of, 175 Allamanda Hendersoni at Thelwall Heys, 373 Aloe, a fungus (Montagnella maxima) upon, 291 Anthurium Veitchi in the conserva- tory of Mrs. T. L. Ames, 227 Apple Ben's Red, 261 ; A. Miss Phillimore, 411 ; A. Mr. Leopold de Rothschild, as growing at Lang- ley, 395 ; A. Thomas Andrew Knight, 259; A. Venus' Pippin, 261 Aspidistra, fruit of, 155 B BAhTHOLINA ] » < 1 1 ii;i t .. , 15 Beekmann, Eugene, 347 Begonia boliviensis, 87 ; B., pistillody of the stamens in a flower of, 283 ; B. socotrana, 87 ; B. Veitchi, 87 Bleu, a portrait of, 25 Bouquet, a shower, of La France Roses, 213 Bulbophyllum mandibulare, 293 Cabbage St. Martin, 447 Calistephus hortensis (single-flowered China Aster), 313 Campanula Mayi x , 127 ; C. mirabilis, 274, 275 Castlewellan, Pittosporumsat, 370,371 C'attleya Warscewiczii, with seven flowers on a spike, 281 ; C. x Maggie Raphael, 482 Cereus candicaus var. Dumesniliana, 415 Chrysanthemum, Mrs. Alfred Tate, 419 Chrysanthemums, a field of Mine. Uesgranges, 381 Cookson, portrait of Norman C, 130 Cornu, Maxime, portrait of, 83 Cortaderia jubata, as growing in Mr. Gumbleton's garden at Belgrove, Queen's Co. , 102 t'ourtauld, portrait of the late Syduey, 333 Crinum, " Van Tubergen," 131 Cucumber, abnormal growth of a, 299 Cypripedium x Milo, Wesionbirt var. 423 ; C. x Olivia, 339 ; C. x Hera, var Euryades, 483 Dan delion , torsion in the leaf of a, 229 Dendrobium spectabile, 491 Dendromecon rigidum, 13 Deutzia discolor purpurascens, 45 Douglas, James, portrait of, 5 Draca-na Victoria, a group of plants of, 315 Druery, C. T, , portrait of, 25 Echium candicans, 71 Eckford, H. , portrait of, 25 Egyptian gardening 6000 years ago, figures illustrative of, 461, 462, 463 Eucharis Bakeriana, 249 ; E. Bnr- fordiensis, 247 ; B. Elmetana, 345 ; E. grandiflora Lowi, 239 ; E. Mastersii, 241: E. :■: Stevensii, 243 Faiklawx, Tonbridge, fruit-tree arch at, 265 Fenn, Robt., portrait of, 23 Ferus as growing in Dr. Winter's underground fernery at Brighton, 20S, 209 Focke, Herr, Dr. W. O., portrait of, 3 Fouquiera columnaris, 277 Friar Park, Henley-on-Thames, views in the garden at, 322, 323, 325, 331, 338 Fruit-tree arch at Fairlawn Hardens, Tonbridge, 265 Fungus-parasite on Aloe, 291 Ginkgo biloba at Panshan^er Park, Park, 467 Glen, the, Innerleithen, view of the mansion at, 11 ; a view in the avenue at, 33 Gloxinias exhibited by Messrs. Webb & Sons, 75 Gorhambury Park, table trained Apple-trees at, 115 ; trained Pear- trees at, 219, 223 Grape Lady Hastings, 157 H Hartland Nursery, the site of the old, 341 Haselbech Hall, 449 Heale, J., portrait of, 7 Hepialus lupulinus, 460 Holland House, Kensington, a bed of Lilium candidum at, 453 Hybridists, portraits of, July 15 and weeks before and after Incarvillea Delavayi, 123 Iris sofaraua, 391 James. W. J., portrait of, 23 K Kalanchoe flamniea, 47 Lawn - sweeping and collecting- machine, 77 Lawn-weeding machine, 78 Lilium candidum, a bed of, at Holland House, 453 Lily-tank, Mr. Miller's, at Berkswell, 433 Linden monument erected to the memory of the late Jean, 377 Lunt, Thos., portrait of, 195 Lye, James, portrait of, 23 Lynch, R. Irwin, portrait of, 27 M Maidenhair tree at Panshanger Park, 467 Martin, J. , portrait of, 5, 285 Moth, garden swift, larva? and cater- pillar of, 460 N Naunton, W. W.j portrait of, 173 Nepenthes Balfouriana, 91 Nerine Miss Willmott, 399 Nicotiana sylvestris, 357 Nymphjeas at M. Latour-Marliac's Nursery. Temple-sur-Lot, France, 187 O'Brien, Jas. , portrait of, 25 Odontoglossuni crispum Daphne, 307 ; 0. c. Moortebeekiense, 431 ; O. x Harryano-crispum, 67 Olive, fruiting shoot of the, 465 Osmunda regalis var. cristata, gemmi- parous frond of, 439 Outram, Alfred, portrait of the late, 457 Peak-trees, trained, at Gorhambury Park, 219, 223 Penzance, Lord, portrait of, 452 Peristeria elata, flower-spike of, from the collection of J. Broome, Escj., 471 Phaius guianeensis albostriata, 183 Pittosporum Colensoi and P. Mayi as growing in Lord Annesley's gardens, Castlewellan, co. Down, 370, 371 ; P. crassifolium, 205 Pope, Samuel, portrait of, 85 Protheroe, the late W. H., portrait of, 440 Raspberry Golden Queen, 63 Rhododendron, a cross-bred, after sixteen years' cultivation, 95 ; R. Kingianum, 306 Rhododendrons, some specimen, as grown at The Glen, Innerleithen, 35 Rock garden, a, 361 Schomburgkia LyonBii, 203 Shea, C. E. , portrait of, 23 Shrewsbury show, photographs of exhibits at the, 191, 193 Simonite, Ben, portrait of, 43 Smith, Martin R. , portrait of, 23 Solanum Wendlandi, flowering out- of doors at Burford, 429 Sophro-CattleyaChamberlainianavar. triumphaus, 446 ; S.-C. Queen Em- press, 113 Strawberry Mentmore, 93 Strawberry plants growing in a barrel. 117 T Tacsonia Militaris x , Hort. Sander, 487 Taxodium distichum var pendula, 489 Thelwall Heyes, interior of a hot- house at, 373 Torsion in the leaf of a Dandelion, 229 Tree, North American Indian legend describing the turning of a man into a Cedar, 475 Trollope, Anthony, the residence of, 341 Tulip, stalked lateral bud of, 309 Turner, Harry, portrait of, 43 U Urgeocuaris Clibrani, 251 Veronica Armstrongi, 137 ; V. Chat- hamica, 355 ; V. Cookiana, 297 Views in the Earl of Ilchester's Gar- den, at Abbotsbury Castle, Dor- chester, 143, 145, 147, 153 Vilmorin, portrait of the late Henri de, 190 Vuylsteke, M. C, portrait of, 163 W Waterer, Anthony, portrait of, 27 Watson, William, portrait of, 7 Webber, Herbert J., portrait of, 50 Weeks, H., portrait of, 23 Weir, Harrison, portrait of, 470 Welsh, W. M., portrait of, 477 Wexham Park, Slough, the residence at, 421 Winter's, Dr., underground fernery at Brighton, views from, 208, 209 Yew tree, the large, in Loose Church- yard, near Maidstone, 464 Zygopetalum Gairianum, 401 SUPPLEMENTARY ILLUSTRATIONS. CoKTADEKIA ARGENTEA (PAMPAS-GRASs), AS GROWN IN THE GARDENS OF Mr. W. E. Gumbleton, at Belgrove (July 8). Eriobotrya japonica (the Loquat), Fruiting Spray of (August 19). Friar Park House, Henley ; and View of Rockery in Gardens at (Oct. Hybridists, Photographs of Thirty-six, Distinguished (July 15). View in the Tropical Fern-house, Key/ (August 5). !8). July 1, ISO!).] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. ■ iSS, THE (Sartors' ^htamtlt No. 653.— SATURDAY, JULY 1, 1899. THE HYBRIDISATION CONFERENCE. A N International Conference on Hybridisa- -^*- tion is to be held under the auspices of the Royal Horticultural Society on Tuesday, July 11, at Chiswick, and on the following day at the Westminster Town Hall. A luncheon will be offered to the foreign visitors at Chiswick on the 11th, and a dinner at the Horticultural Club in the evening. On Wednesday a banquet will be held at the Hotel Metropole, when some members of the Government and public men will be present to greet the foreign guests, and to evince their sympathy with the Royal Horticultural Society. In view of the great importance of the sub- ject, we propose to publish a series of short notes illustrative of the progress that has resulted from the practice of cross-breeding. At the same time we shall hope to be able to issue a large number of portraits of represen- tative hybridisers arid plant- breeders. We shall not attempt to treat the subject exhaustively, or even to follow any regular sequence. We cannot hope in the space at our command to make the collection complete, but we shall endeavour to make it suggestive. Hybridisation at Kew. Plant-breeding has hitherto been left almost entirely to the commercial and amateur horti- culturists ; it is indeed only recently that a plant of garden origin has been allowed to have a scientific interest. Hence the fewness of hybrids raised in botanical establishments compared with those raised elsewhere. Probably, more hybrids have been raised at Kew than in all other botanical gardens put together. Writing from memory, the principal hybrids raised in others are the Sarracenias, Lachenalias and Nerines, raised at Glasnevin ; the Cinerarias at Cambridge, and the Cypripediums at Birming- ham. The following is a list of the Kew hybrids : of these the plants of chief horticultural interest are the Cinerarias, Disas, Rhododen- drons and Streptocarpus. The Cinerarias are remarkable for both size of plant and colour of flower, in which respect they bid fair to modify the character of the garden Cineraria. The Disas are now well known, and rank among popular cool-house Orchids. Rhododendron Kewensis i3 one of the handsomest of first hybrids in this genus, and the Streptocarpuses now almost rival Gloxinias in popularity. They owe their position in the first place to the introduction of the remarkable S. Dunni from the Transvaal. This was crossed at Kew with other species, and their progeny again crossed. The results were striking enough to attract the attention of Messrs. Veitch, who obtained a selection of the seedlings from Kew, and from them have obtained the race of plants now associated with their name. Messrs. F. Sander & Co., and J. Laing it Sons also had a selection of hybrids from Kew. The Phylloeact;u and Hippeastrums [ have also been "hybridised at Kew, and some first-class seedlings have been raised there. Of the unflowered hybrids it is too soon to speak, beyond stating that they all promise to be interesting botanically, if not horticnlturally. List of Hybrid Plants RAISED IN TI1E ROYAL GARDENS, Kew. Name. Parentage. Aloe Lynchi A. alboeinata, Gasteria verru- cosa X Aloe A. macracantha, Gasteria verru- cosa X Bravoa B. Bulliana X B. geminiflora Amaryllis A. Belladonna, Brunsvigia Joseph i me x Cereus C. triangularis x C. granditlorus Cereus C. Macdonaldiai x Phyllocactus Cineraria Kewensis C. cruenta x garden seedling Cheiranthus C. mutabilis x C. Cheiri Crinum C. longifolium x C. Moorei Cytisus Kewensis C. Ardoini x C. albns Cytisus C. Ardoini x C. biflorus Disa Kewensis D. grandiflora x D. tripetaloidts D. Langleyensis D. raceinosa x D. tripetaloides D. premier D. Yeitchi X D. tripetaloides Disa D. grandiflora, D. Kewensis x Disa D. grandiflora x D. nervosa Hippeastrum Various crosses Musa Kewensis M. Manni x M. rosacea Nympluea Kewensis , N. lotus x N. devoniensis (Hot. Mag., t. 69SS) Passiflora Kewensis P. Raddiana x P. ceerulea Phyllocactus Various crosses Rhododendron Kewense .. R. Grilnthianum x R. Honkeri Rhododendron R. Smiinowii x various seedlings Rhododendron R. Fortunei x various seedlings Rosa R. macrophylla x R. rugosa Rosa R. microphylla x R. rugosa Streletzia S. Reninte X S. augusta Streptocarpus Binderi S, Rexi x S. parviflorus S. Dyerianns S. Dunni x S. Wenilandi S. Kewensis ... S. Dunni x S. Rexi S. Watsoni S. Dunni x S. parvillorus Streptocarpus S. Fannini x S. Rexi TI' Ti' FLORISTS' FLOWERS. The Auricula. It is difficult to say for certain when the improve- ment in the Florists' Auricula commenced, and the materials employed to bring about the evolution of the show varieties. It appears probable that the work commenced in Holland, and that when the Flemish weavers, driven from their own country by religious persecution, came to this country, they doubtless brought their Auriculas with them, as things too precious to be left behind. It is well known that they and their descendants were cultivators of this flower, especially iu Lancashire. Gerarde, in 1.397, enumerated eight kinds as commonly grown iu the gardens about London, but there is reason to think they were not much esteemed, and there is no mention of improving by raisiug from seed. Johnson, in his edition of Gerarde, published in 10.'i:>, says there were then a great many varieties of these (lowers growing iu the gardeu of Mr. Tradescaut. Tradescant's garden was at Lambeth, and he at the time that Johnson wrote, was gardener to Charles I. Tradescaut was a Dutchman, and it is probable that bringing with him to this country that knowledge of flori- culture for which his countrymen were even then justly famed, he applied it to the improvement of the Auricula. Hughes, in his Flower Garden, published in 1G72, gives short directions for tho cultivation of this flower, and it is said he was the first writer on gardening known to speak of the subject as the Auricula. In 17i>7, James Thomp- son, a florist of Newcastle, printed in that town a scale of properties of a good flower under the title of Tin Distinguishing Properties of a fine A urkula. But these were not the first, for Richard Bradley, in his New Impron mints of Gardening, published in 1718, gives seven characteristics of excellence which are " required by florists," to be possessed by tho Auricula. Maddock, iu his Treatise on the Auricula, published in 17!l'2, states that the Auricula " owes its present improved state principally to the assiduity and attention of English florists to its culture, who have from the seed of a flower imported from Holland about fifty years since, produced by continued cultivation, almost all the varieties we now can boast." George Glenny held that the Dutch had then- Auriculas in the first instance from England, and that it was the Dutch who obtained the first improved varieties, because the English growers used to buy them from the Dutch in large quantities. Iu the forties the leading green-edged Auriculas in cultivation were Leigh's Col. Taylor, Page's Champion, Booth's Freedom Oliver's Lady Ann Wilbraham, Hudson's Apollo, Dickson's Matilda, Dickson's Earl Grey, and Lightbody's Star of Beth- lehem. Grey edges : Lancashire's Lancashire Hero, Dickson's Prince Albert, Fletcher's Ne Plus Ultra, and Mary Ann ; Grimes' Privateer, Headly's Stapleford Hero, Oliver's Lovely Ann (in later years classed with the greeu edges), Kenyon's Ringleader, and Waterhouse's Conqueror of Europe. White edges : Taylor's Favourite, and Incom- parable ; Lee's Bright Venus, Popplewell's Con- queror, Lee's Earl Grosvenor, Lightbody's Fair Maid, Ashworth's Regular, Campbell's Robert Burns, and Taylor's Glory. Selfs : Smith's Mrs. Smith, Netherwood's Othello, Martin's Eclipse, Kaye's Jupiter, Redman's Metropolitau, and Gor- ton's Stadtholder (a yellow self). With very few exceptions, we know little or nothing of the men who raised the foregoing varieties, or the material from which they derived them. In the succeeding ten years, such green edges as Beeston's Apollo, Dickson's Duke of Wellington, Dickson's Prince Albert, and Ashton's Prince of Wales, had put iu appear- ance. Grey edges : Smith's General Bolivar, and Headly's Superb. White edges : Heaps Smiling Beauty, and Hepworth's True Briton. A little later came Headly's George Lightbody, and Lightbody's Richard Headly, two of the finest grey edges of the present day ; Smith's Lycurgus (green edge), Lightbody's Meteor Flag, Martin's Mrs. Sturrock, Spalding's Blackbird, and Kaye's Topsy, a quartette of selfs ; aud with such mate- rial the Rev. F. D. Horner, B. Simonite, J. Douglas, Woodhead, Mellor, and others, set about adding to the varieties which form the cream of our collec- tions in the present day. The alpine type is to a larger extent a product of more recent years. Fifty years ago, but few appeared to be grown, the leading varieties Fair Rosamond, Fair Ellen, Queen of the Alps, &c. ; succeeded by a very popular light variety named < 'onspicua. It was uot until Mr. 0. Turner took tho alpine Auricula in hand, that substantial improve- ment came ; and excelleut work has also been done by Douglas, Phillips, and others. The leading varieties iu this sect iou appear to emanate from the south of England. Two old double-flowered varieties, the Double. Black aud the Double Yellow, have been in cultiva- tion for many years, but they are quite superseded by varieties so large, full, and fine, as to stand in the same relation to the single Auriculas as the double Cinerarias do to their single forms. They flower later than do the other sections. I'. D. The Calceolaria. It is difficult to trace tho commencement of the crosses made with a view to the improvement of the Calceolaria, but it would appear it was Mr, H. Major, of Knosthorpe, Leeds, who was one of tho earliest to take the flower in hand. Desirous of improving it as a show flower he, about 183P, commenced by crossing such reputed species as rugosa, bicolor, arachuoides, and others, and by 1S:14 he had added considerably to the quality