June 30, 1S8S.] THE .a GARDENERS' CHRONICLE E Wctivlp HlustratciJ Bournal OF Horticulture and Allied Subjects. {ESTABLISHED TN 1841.) VOL lll.-THIRD SERIES. JANUAEY TO JUNE, 1888. «^» LONDON : 41, WELLINGTON STEEET, COVENT GAEDEN, W.C. 1888. c ( SS8 lONDOX : DRADECKV, AGNKW, & CO., PRr.-TERS, WIIITEFRIARS. The Gnrdeiipu" Chronicle,] |.juiie30, 18SS. II^TDEX OF COiNrTEISrTS. JANUARY TO JUNE, 1888. Abelia floribunda, 72S Aberdeen Agricultural Research As- sociation, 558 ; Royal Horticultural Society of, 274, 371 Abies amabilis, 658 ; A. majnifica, ',T2; A. nobilis, 772; at Tliorpe Perrow, 236 ; A. numidica, 140 ; A. subalpiua, 5S6 Abutilons, 622 Acacia armata, 174, 373 ; A. dealbata, 339 ; A. lophantha, 339 Acacias, 2G5 Acer Schwedleri. 659 Achimenes, 267, 3'J2 Acton, recreation-ground at, 464 Adansouia Crogorii, 521 Adiantura Capillus-veueris var. imbri- cata, 72 : A. Fergusoni, 497 Adonis pvrenaica, 715; A. vernalis, 689 Aeranthns grandiflora, 12 Aiirides, cultivation of, G83 ; A. Field- ingiii, 203 African (South) plants, 727 Aganisia cyanea, 44 Agaricus raelleus, 137 Agave americana aureo-variegata, 174 Agriculture, a board of, 241 Agricultural College, Downton, 530 : Iowa, 772 ; Michigan, 50 ; Institute, Weald of Kent, 426 Agricultural produce statistics, 338 Algiers, 103 Allamandas drying off, 244, 277, 310, 404 ; winter treatment of, 437 Aloysia citriodora, 559 Aloe llildebrandtii, 242 Alpiiiia officinarum, 149 Alpine garden, 308, 554, 650, 715, 748 Alpine plants, popularity of, 727 Alpines at Kew, siiow-house for, 177 Alyssum pyrenaicum, 554 Aiuaraboya splendida, 242 Amarantiuis salicifolius var., 204 Ammanford garden, 596 Amaryllis, the, 56 Amaryllis and Cliveas, 522 Amaryllis as winter bloomers, 467 ; at Messrs. Veitch's, 467; cultiva- tion of, 118 ; raising new varieties of, 107 Amaryllideic, Handbook of, 771 American notes, 110 ; Florists, Society of, 305 Araorphophallus virosus, 242 Andromeda (see Zenobia) Anemone, the, 747 ; St. Brigid, 404 Anemones, St. Brigid, at home, 716 ; spring, 650 Anglo-Danish Exhibition, 466 Angriccum ciliatum, 237 ; A, de- pendent, 2.37 ; A. modestum, 428; A. Sanderianum, .395 Angriccums at Clapton Nurseries, 75 AnnuaU, 771 Antholysa bicolor, 290 Anthurium Chamberlaini, 462 Ants and plants, 278 Apiary, 302, 366, 531, 595, 653, 718,802 Apple culture, 492; in Cornwall, 586 Apples and Pears, late British, 243 Apples for cold soils, 718; from the Cape, 497 ; keeping. 21 ; a plague of caterpillars on. 780; to plant in New Zealand, 119 Aquatic plants, 527 Aralia japonica, 180, 244 Aralias, 204, 244 Araucaria Bidwillii, 370; A. brasili- ensis, 774; A. Cookii. 774 ; A. Cuu- ninghami glauca, 684; A. excelsa, 643 ; A. iniliricata, 85 Araucarias at Dropmore, 694 ; of New Guinea, 82,774 Ardisia crenulata, 174 Aristea Eckluui, 557 Aristutelia raceinosa, 722 Aristolochia ^\''estlandii, 3.32 Aristolucliias, 777 Arnold-arboretum, 435 Asparagus plumosus, 22 Aspleniums, 299 Aucuba cuttings, striking, 470 Aucubas in berry, 341 Auricula, the, 490 Auriculas, 430, 684 ; out-of-doors, 84 ; alpine, 620 Azalea Deutsche Perle, 434; A. obtusa, 435 B Backhocse's nursery, York, 244, 554 Balcony gardening, 6S2 Balsams, 494 Baltet, jr., 83 Bambusa Veitchii, 332 Banana trade, Trinidad, 14 Bananas in Central America, 722 Baobab tree, the, 494 ; the Australian, 521 Barcelona, vegetable products in, 725 Basic cinder, 310 Bean and Pea beetle, 402 Bean Ne Plus Ultra, 179 Beans, fertilisation of, 694. 755. 781 Beaumontia grandiQora, 266, 460 Bedding out, 86 Bee flowers, 341 ; plants for large bee farms. 86 Bees, 499 Begonia, hybrid, 779 Begonia Liibbersii, 300, 341, 402 ; and B. argyrostigma, 372 Begonia Hex, 269 Begonias as bedding plants in Scot- land, 393 ; tuberous in pots. 494 ; in Scotland, 4G9 ; winter flowering, 235 Belgian nurseries, 524, 552, 587, C18, 651 Berberis chinensis, 278 Berlin, 237 ; a new park for, 177 ; L, Spiith's nursery, 266 ; flower market, 429; forced" flowers in, 178. Berry-bearing plants, 19; shrubs, 115. Biarritz, 311 BiUbergia decora. 266 Biota Sieboldi, 205 Birmingham Gardeners' Improvement Association, 306 Bletia hyacintliina, 746 Boiler, a new (Brasseur's), 561, 596, 772 Boldoa fragrans, 14 Books :— Allotments (Rev. TV. Tuck- well), 307; American Gardeners' Monthlv. 148; Annals of Bot.-iny (Balfour). 407, 690; Art of Pre- paring Vegetables for the Table (Sutton), 618; Book of Domestic Poultry, 338; Botanical Magazine, 81, 82, 242, .305, 466, 592," 722 ; BotanicalWorks of Engelraann. 804 ; British Uredineiu and Ustila- gine.T? (Plowright), 370; Cassell's Popular Gardening, 42. 146 ; Chry- santhemum Annual (L. Castle). 402; Development of Tubers (H. Vochting), 71 ; Familiar Ti'eep, 779 ; Farmers' Friends and Foes (T. Wood), 363; Fifty Years of Economic Botany (J. W. ElliK\ 797 ; Flora of the Hawaiian Is- lands (W. llillebrand), 652; Flora !of West Yorkshire (F. A. Lees), 434 ; Flore Forestiere de la Cochin- chine (Pierre). 689; Flowerland (Rey. R. Fisher), 3.3S; Garden and Forest, 50, .338 ; Gardeners' Ueceijit Book (Joseph), 724 ; G.artenkunst und Garten Sonst und Jetzt (Jiiger), 178 ; Handbook of Amaryllideie (Baker), 724, 771; Hardy Flowers (W. RobinsonV 19 ; How and What, to Grow in a Kitchen Garden of One Acre (E. 1>. Darlington and L. J[. Moll), 363 ; Icones Plantarum (Hooker), 369 ; lllustrationes Florai Insularum Claris Pacilici (Ca.strlIo), 594; Journal of the Bath and \\'est of England Society, 723 ; Kew Bulletin, 144. 178, 3.38,530; Lindenin, ,'.61; Malesia. 370; Manual of Orcliiil- aceous Plants (Veiteh & Sons). Part iii., 753 ; Obstbau. 402 ; Orticolturn, 178 : Pansy, Cultivation of the (Lester), 657 ; Pflanzenphysiologie Practicura (W. Dettmer), 12 ; Pllan- zenleben (Kerner von Marilaun), 467; Planta'Davidiana;,305; Plant- kundig Woordenboek voor Neder- landisch-Indie (G. J. Filet). 433; Reichenbachia. 689; Rosarian's Year-book, 144; Serres Vergers, les (Pynaert), 275; Vegetarian, 146 Books, select list of for gardeners, 10 Borer of Apple trees, to keep out, 114 Boron ia megastigma, 174 Botanic Gardens. Calcutta, 205; Cam- bridge. 177 : Cape Town, 599; Dub- lin, 177; Halle University, 625; Indian, 551 ; King William's Town, 775; Xat.al,599; Padu.i, 116; Tene- riffe, 711 ; Old Trallord, 744 Botanical drying paper, 779; Record Club, 146 ;" Society of Italy, 178 Botany, the "Smart" studentship, 338 ; economic. ".9' Bougainvillea spectabilis, 652 Bouquet, a monster, 465 Bouvardias, 209 Brassayola cucullata var. cuspidata, 44 Brazil-nut, germination of the, 18 Broccoli, 729 ; Hanan's Late Protecting White, 776; Methven's Edinburgh Late, 776 Brownea grandiceps,210; raacropliylla, 523 Brugraansia culture, 34 ; B. lutea, 404 ; B. I. fruiting. 26S ; B. suaveolens, 340 Brugmansias, 23 ; planted out in a cool house. 17.*1 Brussels Ksliibition, 241, 5.30 Bulb garden. .83. 107. 171. 234, 207, 457, 524, 591, 621, 651. 683. 776 Bulb-gardens at Haarlem, 685 Bulbs at Haarlem. 621 Bulbs at Natal, 775 Bulbs and Cacti, Cape, 141 Bull;s. Dutch, novelties in, 491 Bulllinches and fruit buds, 244 Burnt earth fur plants, .'^06 Burrs and Knaurs. 560. 744 Byrkley. Burton-on-Trent, glasshouses 'at, 691 CAnnAOE. the Shantung. 619 Cacti and bnlbs. Cape, 141 Caladiums, 269 Calanthi' siriata. 364; C. Veitchii, unusual growth of, 395 Calanllu's. propagation of, .'!9fi Crtlceolnria, j)Ouch of the, 684 Calcutta Botanic Gard<'ns, 205, 206 Calcutta. llnriicuUure in, 497 Calliandrns, 266 Camellias, 83 ; at Walton Lea, War- rington, 562 ; new. 6!)0 Campanula Allioni, 748 Campion, double white, 425 Canker in trees, experiments in curing, 752 Cape and Natal plants, a comparison between, 619 Capsicums, 146 Caraboo fruits and Vararli seeds, 238 Carnation and Picotce, 1 10, 685 Carnation and Picutee Union, the, 113 Carnation buds, bliud, 436 ; disease, 151 iV The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [June 30, 1888. Carnations, 23 ; border, 181 ; winter flowering, 174, 728 ; j-ellow, 020 Carpeting under the Beech, 728 Carpets of Pine wool, 171 Catalogues illustrating, 276 Catasetum Bungerothii var. aureum, 11 ; C. pulchrum, 235 Cattleya bicolor, 39o ; C. Eldorado splendens, 173 ; fertilisation of, 208 ; C. labiata var autumnalis, 12; C. 1. var. Trian.-e var. Ernesti, 203 ; C. Lawrenceana, 2y8, 619; Cattleya, regular pleoria of, 657 ; C. velutina var. Lietzei, 235 ; C. Walkeriana, 268 Cauliflowers from Finisterre, 722 Celeries, 243 Caryota sobolifera, 334 Cedars, chaining up, 807 Celosia pyramidalis var. 404 Ceylon, 307 Chalk, trees for, 398 Charenton, a stream at, 428 Chestnut disease, 805 Chick-houses, 18 Chionodoxa Lucili.'e alba, 651 Chironia peduncularis, 800 Chiswick Gardeners' Mutual Improve- ment Association, 177 Chiswick, fruit and flowers at, 804 ; Pansies at, 776 Chlorophyll in the epidermis, 177 Christmas Rose culture, 396, 490 Chrysanthemum, the, 174 ; C. Golden Gem, 84; C. Guernsev Hero, 178; judges, 85, 110, 152, 181 Chrysanthemums, 436 ; best six Japanese for exhibition, 151 ; ex- hibitions of, 43 ; groups of, for com- petition, 532, 5G4 : new departure in, 372; on walls, 373, 490; reflexcd Japanese, 497 Cineraria, 174, 469, 654 ; C. Emperor Erederick (Alexander Warwick), 436 Cinchona in .Tava. 806 Cinerarias, 404, 497 ; double, 650 Cirrho]>etalum Cumingii, 650 Cissus discolor, 108 Citrus fruits, 170 Clematis George Elliott, 727 Clerodeudron cephalanthum, 652 Clematis mnntana, 727 Clianthus Dampieri, 397 Clintonia Andrewsiana, 805 Clivea miniata vars., 372 Cliveas and Amaryllis, 522 Clover and grass ci'ops. 171 Coal-tar in forestry, 238 Cockroaches, to kill, 270 Cocoa-nuts, 599 Cocoa-nut shells as shades, 728 Ciclogyne asperata, 172; C. cristata at Downside, 4,88 ; C. c. mountain form, 462; C. c. with semi-double flowers, 298; C. elata, 716; C. lenti- ginosa, 172 ; C. Massangeana, 242 ; Coffee at home, 76 Conifera>, fruiting, 728, ,807 Conifers, flowers and buds of, 625, 754 ; for chalk, 231, 306, 307; on the Mediterranean coast, .306 Conservatories, Indian, 424 Cole, Mr. J., presentation to, 466 Coleus, the, 22 Cologne Exhibition, .530 Colonial notes, 14, 260, 599, 632, 775 Colza culture in Normandy, 562 Cornflowers, yellow, 807 Corn, smut on, 396 ; see Smut Coronilla glauca, 622 Corydalis tuberosa var. alba, 556 County Government Bill, 660 Covent Garden and tlie Duke of Bed- ford, 52 ; auctioneers and Salesmen's Association, 656 ; Club, 371 ; Life- Boat Fund, 466 ; market, 40 Cyperus alternifolius, 107 Crassula lactea, 296 Crocuses, early, 234 ; vernal, 457 Croton, the, 44, 174 Cucumber flowers, malformed, 597 Cultural memoranda. 22. .50, .83, 107, 174, 2.35, 269. .302, 330, 368, 307, 493, 558, 622, 799 Cupressus Lawsoniana lutea, 724 Curves of Inquiry on Walks, 779 Cyclamen Coum, 151, 180, 564; grow- ing, 182 Cyclamens in summer and autumn, 709 Cychnoches chlorochilum, 144 Cymbidiumeburneum,208; C. elegans, .'331,372,403 Cymbidiuras, 303 Cypripedium Arthurianum var. palli- dum, 268; C. bellatulum, 746; C. caudatura, 428 ; C. Harrisianum X var superbum, 2,35 ; C. insigne at Mr. Kimball's, N.Y., 560; C. lo X ,12; C. Meirax X , 172 ; C. Morgana X , 364; C. cenanthura superbum X 203; C. Saundersianum for £.'500, 113; C. Spicerianum niagniHcum, 106 Cypripediums, seedlings of, 106 ; slipper of, 692 Cvrtanthus lutescens, 172; C. obliquus, '728 Cytisus filipes, 4.33 ; C. racemosus, and its vars., 523 D.iFFODiL names, too many, 409 ; natural hybrid, 658 ; nobilis and D. variiformis, 628 Dart'odils, 81, 4,88; and the frost, 524; double, 498 ; doubling, 564, 596, 659 ; natural hybrid, 658 ; time of lifting, 624 Dahlia, the, 747 Dahlias, new vars. of, 148 Daphne cneorum, 724 Darwin's garden, 350 Day's, the late J., Orchids, 594 Deherain, Mr., 82 Dell, the, Egham, 714 Dendrobium capillipes, 746 ; D. cras- siuode, 361; D. crei)idatum, 298; D. endocharis, scent of, 172; D. bircoglossum, 746; 1). Kineianum alba, 800 ; D. Quelchii, 507 ; D. rutriferum, 235; D. strebloceras var. Kossianura, 298 ; D. su]^erbiens. 172, 203 ; D. tetragonura, 44 ; D. ^^'ard- ianum Lowii, 2(i8 Dendrobiums, 774 ; D,, seedling of, 428 Deutzia Wellsii, 562 Diapensia Lapponica, 308 Dicliorisandra pubescens var. t;cnien- sis, 557 Dicksous, Chester, amalgamation, 623 Dimorphism in Tillandsia, 717, 755 Dinner-table decoi'ations, 76 Diospyros Wieseneri, 363 DiplaUenia boliviensis, 597 Disa racemosa, 592, 653 Discaria Toumatu, 801 Disease by moulds, 334 ; fingcr-and- toe, 713; of Carnations, 151; of Chestnuts, 805 ; of Corn (see Smut) ; of Grapes, 1,37; of Impatiens. 267; of Onions, 755 ; of Oi'anges, 267 Diseases of plants, 137, 267, 334, 396, 555 Disperis Fanninia^ 557 Douglasia, 524, 564 Douglas Fir as a timber tree, 142 Dro])pers, 276, 342 Drying flov/ers in their natural colours, .'^2 ; of Orchids, 82 Duke of Bedford and Covent Garden, 52 Duke of Xorthumberland's new cot- tages, 3.39 Dunes, planting the, 779 Dunham Massey, plan of a garden at, 108 Duranta Plumieri, 44 Durautas, 149 Durban Botanic Gardens, 299 Dutch flower trade, 433 EcHinii callithyrsum, 653 Economic Botany, 707 Edinburgh C'iiair of Botany, 177, 275 Eichornea azurea, 22 Eichorneas at home, 391 Emigrants information, 433 Emigration, 775 Engleman's Botanical Works, 804 English gardening, early, 741 Epidendrum bicornutum, 746 ; E. io- nosmum, 716 Eranthemum pulchellum, 83 Eremurus himalaicus, 596 Eriostemon obovallis, fl.-pl., 84 Erythronium albitlorum, 556 ; E. gran- diflorum, 597; E. Ileudersoni, 652 Escallonia macrantha, 74.'i Eucharis amazonica, 50, 309, 403, 498, 566 Eucliari-s, diseased, 243 Eucalyptus at Wliittinghame, 628 I'aicalyptus urnigera, 460, 595, 798 ; E. coccifera, hardiness of, 436, 798; E. cordata, 798 Eucalvjiti, hardy, 708 Eupatorium riparium, 493 Eujihorbia Jacquiniieflora, 107 Evergreens, origin of, 373 Export oi' plants to France, 369 Faorxa zeylanica, 728 Fagus purpurea roseo-marginata, tTd Ferguslie, 524 Fern, Hat's-tail, 310 Ferns, 270 ; Cooper-Foster collection of Klmy, 177 ; crested, 179 ; the cross- ing of, 426, 457, 585 ; hardy, in pots, 265 ; tints in, 73 Fertilisation of Beans, 694, 755, 781 ; of Cattleva, 208; of Hippeastrum and Tigrida, 598 Fertilising Moss, 23, 106, 140, 245 Ficus elastica, 108 Field mice, 243; in gardens, 212 Field of flowers, 659 Fig trees, 277 Finger-and-toe, 137 Fir, Algerian, 140 Fir, branches and squirrels, 597 ; de- struction of the shoots of, 527, 564, 566, 596, 657 Fish, Mr. D. T., 592 Floral devices, 275 ; tea kettles, 338 Florence and the Queen, 433 ; natural products of, 726 Florida, gardening in, 679 ; market gardening in, 21 Florists' flowers, ,83, 110, 148,207, 308, 430, 490, 620, 684, 747 Flower garden, the, 22, 47, 79, 111, 150, 170, 211, 2:59, 271, 303, 3.35, 367, 309, 431, 463, 495, 527, 559, 591, 626, 655, 687, 719, 749, 777, 803 Flower-holders, tubular, 780 Flowers and liglit, 82 ; comparative anatomy of, 338 ; in season, 50, 176, 600 ; in Soutli Ireland, 275 Flowers of Conifers, 7,54 Foliage-plants, a bed of, at Wil- helmshohe, 83 Foliation of trees, 427, 531 Food and railway rates, 304 Food for the people, available, 234, 336 Food reform, 210 Foreign correspondence, 116, 311, 026, 648, 715, 772 Forest fire at Cape Town, 370 Forest trees, eft'ects of sea-water on, 366 ; ordered for Isle of Man, 242 Forestry, 84, 142, 238, 366, 398, 435, 526, 654, 748; coal-tar in, 238; National School of, 147; school at Cooper's Hill, 455 France, vegetation in the east of, 626 Frantjois Lacharme memorial, 114 Fraxinus Ornus, 724 Freesia culture, 83, 107, 152 Freesia refracta alba, (U9 Freesias, 52, 119, 182, 2,35; at the Cape. 492 ; synopsis of, 588 Fritillaria, the, 776; F. imperialis, 596 ; F. Moggridgei, 652 Frost, the, 339 Fruit blossoms, hardihood of, 530; exliibition in Vienna, 521; for Eng- land, 'Victorian, 689 ; from BalU- more, 716 ; growers, conference of, 807 ; growers and salesmen, 5.30 ; growers of Hants, 626; packing, 751 ; j.rospects, 436, 660, 692, 693, 727, 754, 807 ; rates of transit, 499, 565, 531 Fruit Register, 24, 363, 491, 748, 808 Fruit season, the past, 182 Fruit trees, 341 ; early mulching of, 724 ; hardy, 615 ; late flowering, 689, 565 Fruits, copyright in seedling, 339; 372, 460 ; too many varieties' of, 750 ; utilising \yaste, 730 ; under glass, 15, 50, 79, 111, 143, 175, 210, 239, 271, 335, 367, 399, 463, 495, 559, 591, 623, 655, 687, 719, 749, 777, 803 Fuchsia, the, 50 ; F. globe, 808 Fuchsias, exhibition, 183 Fungi and insects in crops, 306 ; parasitic, 3.34 Galanthos Sharlocki, 243 (rardener emigrants, 243, 276 Gardeners, emigration of, 775 ; educa- tion of, 659 ; Orphan-Fund, 85, 113, 152, l.SO, 211, 274, 369, 401, 4,32, 561, 592, 624, 656, 688. 785; fiite, 720, 751, 804 Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu- tion, 49, 50, 80, 689, 778, 804 Gardenias, 269 Gardening, Early English, 741 ; future of, 295 ; in Addison's time, 583 ; periodicals, 11; under difficulties, 13 Gentiana acaulis, 598; varieties in, colour of, 554 Genista racemosa, 622 Gerbera Jamesoni, 775 Gesnera cardinalis, 660; G, elongata, 299 Gesneras and Achimenes, 267 Germination of Brazil Nut, 18 Ghent, 464; Quinqennial Show, 18, .305, 401, 496 ; new plants at, 557 Ghent Show, the first, 589 Ghent " Chambre Syndicale," 241, 369, 657, 778 Gladiolus Ludwigii, 775 ; The Bride, 747, 782 Glasgow International Exhibition, 310, 592, 626 ; horticulture at, 690 Glazing, Newton's system, 725 Gloucester Rose Society, 371 Gloxinias, 235; at Hooper's, 752 Goodia latifolia, 494 Gooseberry Caterpillar, 52, 277 Gooseberry Whinham's Industry, 597 Gooseberries, 23 Government offices, 10 Grafting the Mango, 372 Grape Duke of Buccleuch, 807: Gros Colmar, origin of, 778 ; Gros Maroc, 748 ; Lady Downe's, (lOl, 755 Grapes, crossing, 77.5 : old and new, 778 ; outdoor, 806 ; rot in, 137 Grass and Clover crops, 171 Gray, Dr. Asa, 50, 330 Gregoire, Xaxier, 146 Grenada, half-holiday in, 8 Grevillearosmarinifolia at Colwvn Bay, 753 Greyia Sutherlandi, 365 Grobya Amherstia:, 106 Gumming and wounds, 138 H Haarlem bulb-gardens, 685 ; show of forcing plants at, 430 Haberlea rhodopensis, 715 Habrothamnus elegans, 302, 660 Ha^manthus natalensis, 172 Halesia hispida, 435 Hamamelis arborea, 50 ; H. Zuccarin- iana, 278 Hardy flowers, double white, 681 Hardy fruit garden, 15. 47, 78, 111, 143, 175, 206, 239, 303, 340, 367, 431, 463, 499, 527, 591, 623, 655, 687, 719, 749 Ilaidy fruit trees, 615 Tlie GarJeiisrs' CUronicla.] INDEX. [Jiuio 30, 1868. Hardy perennials from seed, 523 Haydon Hall, Eastcote, 773 Heleniopsis japonica, 'Mo Heliamphora nutans, !3'J8 Helianthus multifloriis and other hybrids, 201 Helichrysum adenocarpum, 775 Hellebore cultivation, 340, 396 Hellebores, 50, 77, liW, 3G2 Hellebores, the St. Brigid, 180 Helleborus fa>tidus, 659, 727 Hepaticas, 526 Heracleum giganteum, 437 Herbaceous border, 75, 362, 526, 556 Herbaceous plants, hardy, 142 ; a selection of hardy, 75 Heuchera sanguinea, ."^07 Hii>peastrum, fertilisation of, 59S Hippophat* rliamnoides, 1'.) Holly, Golden, llodgens, 505, 628. 727 Holly, new, 501 Hollies, a chat about, 525 ; transplant- ing, 802 HoUvliocks, 747 HoldthrixLindley.'ina, 364. (See Thy- phia secunda, 149.) Honey, price of, 85 ; trade, the, 52 Hooker, Sir J., portrait of, in Linnean Society, 113 Hop farmers, 470 Hop Hornbeam, the, 724 Horticultural Club, 369, 4.34, 497, 561, 625 Horticulture, industrial, 368 ; schools of, 177, 528 ; State aid for, 436 Hot-water pipes, arrangement of, 235, 310 HouUettia odoratissima antioquiensis, 364 Howea Belmoreana, 332 Hoya bella, 14 Hurst & Sons' warehouses, 45 Hybridisation, 151, 178, 212 Hvacintb, twin-flowered, 689 I Iceton's nursery, 236 Impatiens Sultani, Pythium in, 267 Inarching, 148 Indian Botanic Gardens, .551 Indian conservatories, 424 Indiarubber joint, Kichardson's uni- versal, 595 Insects, 780 ; and fungi in crops, 306 ; injurious to food plants and fruit trees, 619 Institute of France, 722, 750 International Horticultural Meeting, 401 Inventions, useful, 116, 505, 725 Iris caucasica, 362 Iris leaf fly, 403 Iris Douglasiana, 800 ; I. Sari var., 698 ; I. stylosa, 50; I.stylosa alba, 177, 595 ; I. susiana, 6.'iO Irish Exhibition, 402, 625 Isle of Man, trees for, 275 Ivv, parasitic ? 487 ; a plea for, 564 ; on trees, 596, 628, 692 jACKso>r, the late Mr. T., 782 Jamaica, 270 Jardin des Plantes, 177 Joint, Ricliardson's indiarubber, 505 Jubilee planting, 657 Kalmias, 563 Kc-iss, gardening and tree planting at, 173 Kew, cool show house for alpines at, 177 Kew notes, 620 Kew nursery, 130 Kew, rock plants at, 770 ; spring flowers at, 625 Kitchen garden, the, 15, 51, 79, 111, 143, 175, 271, 207, 303, 335, 399, 431, 463, 495, 559, 591, 623, 687, 719, 749, 803 Kilima-Njaro plants, 402 King William's Town. 397 Knaurs and Burrs, 560, 744 Ku>nigsberg botany chair, 402 Kylemore, planting at, 562 Lacharme, Francois, memorial to, 49 La:lia albida var. sulphurea, 305 : ancepsgrandiflora, 107 ; L. a. Scotti- ana, 683 ; L. a. Stella, 800 ; L. cin- nabarina, 364 ; L. Crawshayana, 74 ; L. elegans ilorreniana, 800 ; 1j. e. var. Nyleptha, 178 ; L. flava, 488 ; L. harpophylla, 203 ; L. majalis, 717, 800 ; L. porphyritis, 235 ; L. pur- purata, monstrous, 597 Laing & Son's nursery, 307 Lancashire, winter in, 24.3 Landscape gardening, 806 Lantanas, 522 Lapageria alba from seed, 627 Lapageria-house at Worksop Manor, 242 Lapageria rosea in the open air, 86 Lapagerias, hardiness of, 152, 180 Larch, the Weeping, 430, 460 Larix pendula, 531 Lathyrus Drummondi, 754 Lathraja squamaria, 755 Law Notes : — Burrill v. Jennison (bad seed), 408; Dunsdonc. Moss (Wrench & Son), (loss of crop), 87 ; Keynolds V. Wrench & Sons (non-warranty), 1 15. 50(), 810 ; Smith v. Waite, Na'sh & Co. (non-warranty clauses), .374 Lawson Seed Company's sale, 626 Leaf, untimely fall of the, 146 licnten Roses, 3(J2 Lei)idiura Draba as a vegetable, 627 Lethorion fumigator, 116, 177, 242, 460 Leucoium carpathicum, 171 Leyswood, Groombridge, 205, 333 Lichens, 83 Light and Flowers, 82 Library, JI. Morren's. 18 Lily-bed, a covered, 320 Ijily disease, 597 Lilies, repotting, 727, 754, 782, 807 Lilium Thomsonianum, 2*34 Lime for stone-fruit trees. 460 Linnean Society, 113, 177, 6.56, 6.8.8, 750 ; centenary, 504 Liparis minutifolia, 75 Liquid manure-water, 627 Lissochilus giganteus, 462, 616 ; L. Krebsii, 716; L. parviflorus. (>40 Litiiospermum Gastoni, 715; L. pros- tratum, 748 Local Government Bill, the, 4.32 Lomarias, 420, 752 Loquat, the, 752 Lycaste Skinneri, 203, 488 Lycoris radiata and aurca, 182 M M.u>KAS, Agri-Horticultural Society. 775 Magnolia conspicua, 618 Magnus, B., on moulds, ,'!34 Mahernia odorata, or glabrata ?, ^ Manchester, Royal Botanical and Horticultural Society of, 274 Manettia bicolor. 404 Mango grafting, 372 ; inarching, 148 Manipur, climate of, .589 Manure, " Fertility," 690 Manure, stable, in market gardening, 202 Maples, .Tapanese, 468 March in the Antipodes, 630 Marigold, proliferous, 776 Market gardening near Penzance, 600 ; round London, 656 ; use of stable manure in, 220 Market gardens and orchards, 519 ; new for London, 625 ; orchard, a, 745 Masdevallia culex, 404, 488; M. ma- crura, 12; M. su-aveolens, 403; J[. Wendlandiana, 663 JIassachusetts, farming in, 562 Masters, Dr., appointment to the In- stitute of France, 722, 750 Maurandva Barclavana and its varie- ties, 493 Medinilla magniflca, 470 Medlar iellv, 151, 180 Melon-Pear, the,_ 113, 308, 401 ; and tree Tomato, 275 Melons in Afghanistan, 658 ^lesembryanthemum Brownii, .305 Mesospinidium vulcanicum, 39.5 Metropolitan public gardens and parks, 113 Mexican fibre, 397 ^lichigan, Agricultural College of, 50 Jlildew, a cure for, 404; material to destroy, 436 Mills, Mr. James, 402 Mincing Lane, vegetable products from, 525 Moors, utilisation of, 562 Montpellier Botanic Gardens, j02 Montreal, 14 Mormodes pardinnm, 800 Moulds, 334 Mulberry producing male flowers, 781 Mulching, 460 ; earlv, of fruit trees, 724 Mushroom culture, 341 ; growing at Lythe Hill, llaslemere, 276 ; witii leaves and litter, 393 Myosotis dissitiflora alba, 722 Myticuttah, the, 84 N Nail, double pointed, 340 Narcissus Bronssoneti, 207 ; N. capax, wild, 622 ; N. Barri conspicuus, 504 ; N. Dr. Gormann, 715; N. incom- parabilis Leedsii, 504 ; N, minimus, 694; N. minor, 436; N. M. J. Berkeley, 594; N. natural hybrids, ^^\ N. Nelsoni, 594; N. poeticus, blind, 780, 807, : N. p. double, 683 : N. p. three-flowered, 659 ; N. senii-par- titus, 715 ; X. sulphureus, 715 ; N. triandrus and N. calycinus, 687 Narcissus committee, 432 Narcissi culture in llollanp, 745 Narcissi, group of, 4lH Narcissi, Portuguese, 433, 457 Nash Court. 39 Natal and Cape plants, a comparison between, 640 Xatal Botanic Garden, 14 Natal, bulbs in, 775 ; notes. 557, 649 National Auricula .Society, 360. 408 National Auricula and Primula and Carnation and Picotee Societies, 176 National Chrysanthemum .Society, 40, 146, 210 National Co-operative Flower Show, 241, 275 National Seed and Nursery Trade As- sociation, 75.3 Nepenthes notes, 170 New Guinea, Araucaria of. 82 New park. Isle of Man, 113 New plants of 1887, 16, 40 Newton's dry glazing, 725 New Zealand, Apples to plant in, 119 ; fruit and forest trees, 332: native flowers of, 509 Nicoliana atlinis, .302 Nitrogen of vegetation,' sources of, 490 Xitrogenous manures, 522 Non-guarantee clauses, 753, (See also Law Notes.) Nova Scotia, 14 ; the late Peter Jack in, 269 Novelties of 1887, K'., 49 Nursery notes, I.'IO Nymphaia Ortgiesiaaa var, "Adcle," 728, 800 ; N. scutifolia rosea, 800 i N. zanzibarensis fl-riibro, 800 Oak, the Cork, 527 Oaks, ornamental, 407, 526 Oakwood, Surrey, planting at, 244 Obitoaey;— Bary, Prof, de, 120; Bos- well (Syme), Dr., 146 ; Cripps, T., 504 ; Day, John, 88 ; Dickson, Prof. A., 24; Giraud, Dr. H. J., 121; Gray, Prof. Asa, 144 ; Green- shields, J., 632 ; Hartmann, C, 114 ; Hollingworth, J,, 471 ; Loder, Sir R., Bart., 600; Markham, E, W„ 535; Morton, J, C, 502; Ranch, Francis, 663 ; Smith, J., 216 ; Smith, J. (of Kew), 624) ; Thorn, W., 730 ; Threlfall, W., 6-32; Woodbridge, J., 503 Odontoglossum crispum, 428 ; O. c. (Blunti) Alexandre.-B, 119 ; O. c. var. fastuosum, 11 ; 0. with terminal flower-spilie, 245, 436 ; O. + hebra- icum, 203 ; 0. + lanceans, 203 j 0. retusum, 507 ; O. Uro-Skinueri, 268 Odontoglossum, prolific, 306 ; terminal spike of, 245, 436 Oil palm at Loanda, 772 (Jlearia Gunniana, 801 Oncidium Jamesianum, 242 ; 0. lamel- ligerum, 364 : O. Mantinii X. 235; O. murinum, 610 ; 0. nigratum, 298 ; O. Phahi;nopsis, 332 ; 0. sphegife- rum, 716 ; 0. splendidum, 107 Onion beds, 271 Onions, diseased, 755; for exhibition, 371 Onosma pyramidalis, 305 Oodeypore, IS Opium and Tobacco in Teheran, 204 Orange blight, 267 ; trees in pots, 46 (Jranges, growing, 51 (Orchard house, 303 ; products and what becomes of them, 730 Orchid house, a ridge - and - furrow roofed, 110 Orchid houses, the, 78, 143, 207, 2.30, 303, 335, 431, 404, 566, 654, 7 18 Orchid notes and gleanings, 11, 44, 74, 106, 172, 203, ""2:i5, 268, 207, 331, 364, 305, 428, 4(12, 48.8, 563, 619, 649, 682, 716, 746, 774, 800 Orchid prices, 113, 594, 625, 806 Orchids at Bull's, 594 ; Burford Lodge, 462 ; Dell, Egham, 74 ; Downside, 297 ; Eastwood Park, Gitt'nock, (!06 ; Fernside, Bickley, 331 ; Irish Exhi- bition, 752 ; Kilns, Falkirk, .■i93 ; Laing & Sons', 275 ; tUdfield, Bick- ley, 44 ; Sander's, 144 ; .Selborne, Streatham, 298 ; Jlr, Tautz's, 082 ; Victoria House, Dukinfield, 331 Orchids, classification of, 113; dried flowers of, 82 ; hardy, 743 ; high priced, 113, 625, 604, 8U6 ; in and around New York, 116 ; of Roraima, 298 ; variation in, 20.'i Orchis Morio, 602 ; colony of, 727 Origanum hybridum, 232 Ornithogalum disease of, 81, 658 Oxera pulchella, 14, 210 Oxford Chair of Botany, 750 P.T50NIES, herbaceous, 658 ; tree, 139. 058 Paisley and West of Scotland Horti- cultural Association, 147 Palm, Californian Fan, 50 Palm, the oil at Loanda, 772 Palms, a railwav through a plantation of, 272 Pancratium fragrans, 402 Pancratiums, 22 l*anshanger, flowers at, 460 Pansy, the, ;!08 l*ansies at Chiswick. 776 Paphiuia cristata var, Modigliana, 235 W The GardeneTs* Chronicle,] INDEX. Parasitic fun;,'i, DJi Paris International ExliibiUou of, 1SS9, 464, 497 Parmentier, statue to, 530 Passiflora cceriilea, G22 Pasture land, 114 ; old and new, G84 Pastures, permanent and temporary, 241 Patchouly, 56G, G58 Paths and roads, junctions of, IIG, 212, 271! de Bourbourg, 3G3 ; Waterloo, 808 Pea seed, samples of, 245 Pea, the Sturdy, 85 Peas, best two, 52, 85 ; garden, 151, 213 ; new varieties, 242 ; with coloured flowers, 181 Peach Alexander, early, 491 ; Cornice Pear Alexandrine IJouillard, 491 ; Belle Picard, 491 ; what is a "Nelis?"180 Pelargonium Fair Helen, 499 Pelargoniums, 207 Pentas carnea. G22 Pentstemon Jlenziesii, 805 Peoples Palace, flower sliow at, 722 Peppermint as a disinfectant, 532 Peristeria elata, G83 Peter Jack, tlie late, 2G9 Petunia, fasciated, IIG Phaius grandifolius, 114; P. macu- latus, 71G Phalicuopsis, cylinders for, 182 ; P. SchiUeriana vestalis, 75, 528 ; P. Stuartiana, 203, 204 Phillyrea Vilmoriniana, 307 Phlox, the, 308, 747 Phlox Drummondi, new forms of, 7G : P. Nelsoni, G',11 Phloxes procumbent, 799 Pbcenix canariensis, 530 Pliylloxera, 17? Picea pungens, 53G ; P. ajanensis, 52 Picotee " Nellie," 174 Picotees. 110, G85 Pine-apples, 143, 271 ; Charlotte Roths- child and Smootli Cayenne, 36G ; St. Jliohael's, sales of at the Ploral Hall, 211 Pine, supply of the Pitcii, b'o2; wool carpets, i71 Pink, the, 308. 748 Pinus canariensis, 723 ; P. halenensis. G27 Plan of a garden at Dunham Massev, 108 Plane, hairs of the, 370 Planclion, the late JI., 4G'j Plant diseases, 137, 2G7, 334, 390, i'y>t) Planting on the Earl of Fife's estates, 696 Plant Portraits : — Angra^cum Se- deni,806; Antirrhinum Nuttaljianuni, 80G; Apple Court Pendu Ri5gen(5re, 300 ; Azalea indica Leon Pynaert, 201 ; Bahia coufertiflora, 806 ; Begonia Clementine, 399 ; Catasetum Bunge- rothii, 780 ; Cattleya Ilarrison.T splcndens, 201 ; C. intermedia var. (iiberzia;, 806; C. labiata Gaskel- liana, white form, 780 ; C. Walker- iana, 780; Ceratotheca triloba, 81 ; Cha-nactis tenuifolia, 806 : Cordyline indivisa var. Uoncetiana, 563 ; Cypri- pedium Argus, 563; C. callosum, 780 ; Dichorisandra pubescens var. tajniensis, 563 ; Eichornea crassi}ir-s, 56.3 ; Eria striolata, >i^)t'i ; Eu]iliorbia aphylla, 80G ; E. jac<]ainiivflora, 806 ; Genista hispanica, 2iJi ; Gentiana calycosa, 563; Gesnera longiflora, 563 ; Gladiolus Oberpriisident von Seydervitz, 399 ; Ilyacinthus corym- bosus, 300 : Iris s(iualens, 563 ; I. variegata, 300 ; Marica caM-ulea, 300 ; Masdevallia Ciiestertoni, 81 ; Necta- rine Violette Hative, 780; Nerine rothergilii,300;Nympha;aMarliacea, 564; Odontoglossum polyxanthum, 399 ; 0. tripudians, 564 ; <-). trium- phans, 806; Oncidiuni flexuosum, 201 ; 0. .Tonesianum, 780 ; Orontium aquaticum, 300; (.)xera pulcliella, SOG; Oxybaphus californica, 201 ; Passiflora Watsoniaua, 399 ; Peach Uijuge de Alai, 780; Pear Eortuaed de Printemps, 334 ; Pear Pierre Tourasse, 300 ; Piper rubro-venosum, 201 ; Platycarya strobilacea, 334 ; Pleuro- thallis lioezlii, 564 ; Pi'imula sinen- sis var. Ed. Morren, 564; Plumbago capensis, 780; Prunus Jacquemonti, 81 ; Ranunculus Lyalli, 201 ; Rho- dodendron (javanicum) Maiden's Blush, 780; Rose Hon. Editli Gif- ford (Tea), 564 ; .Sphairalcea Emoryi, 300 ; Stanhopeaplatyceras, 806; Sta- tice eximia var. turkestanica. 564; Stigmapbyllura ciliatum, 334 ; Thuu- bergia allinis, 81 ; T. Ilarrisii, 780 ; Urceolina pendula, J780 ; Vanda su- perba, 806 ; Vitis pterophora, 780 ; Vriesea pnlverulenta liueata, 334 ; Warrea tricolor var. stapelioides, 806; Zephyranthes atamasco, 201 ; Zygo- petalum maxiUare, 800 ; Z. Wend- landi, 334 Plants, New ok Notewokthv, De- scniBED; — ^Eranthusgrandidierianus, 72 ; A',, trichoplectron, 264 : Aerides difforine,9 ; A. falcatuni compactum, 744 ; Agave Baxteri, 392 ; Albuca AUena', 10; AngrKcum Sanderia- num, 168 ; Angaloa intermedia, X . 798 ; Anthurium Chamberlaini, 462; Aspasia principissa, 424, Begonia i'rinccss Clementine X , 265 ; Bonatca speciosa, 41 ; Caladium bicolor G. Singelmann, 393; Cata- setum pulchrum, 10 ; C. tapiriceps, 136; C. trullamaculatissimum, 1G8; Cattleya citrino-intermedia, 73 ; Cattleya labiata Lange's var., 798 ; C. labiata Percivalli.ana bella, .361 ; C. 1. Scott's var., 680; C. Mossise, Courtauld's var., 081 ; Ctelogyne fuscescens, 108; C. gramini folia, 168; C. Iiumilis albata, 392 ; C. lactea, 521; Cynosorcliis elegans, 424; C. Lowian.T, 424; Corydalis Lede- bouriana, 200 ; Cypripedium bella- tulum, 648; C. BerggrenianumX , 798; C. caligare, 264; C. c. chlorops, 841 ; C. callosum, 331 ; C. conspicuumx, 521; C. c. pic- tumX, 521; C. Dauthieri X Rossi- anum, 425; C. dilectum, 330; C. Electra, 297; C. Galatea, 168 ; C. X Godseffianum, 296 ; C. hephffis- tusX,425; C. Lathamianum. .360; C. Lawrenceanum pleioleucum. 744 ; C. X Lemoinierianum. 712; C. pa- voninum, 264; C. Peetersianum, 3.31; C. Pilcherianum, 42; C. Rothschildianum,457 ; C. xAVrvaet- ianum,712; Dendrobiuni P.rymeria- num histrionicum, 104; D.chryseum, 233; D. macrophyllum stenopterum, 393; D. murrhiniacum..554; D. nobile Sanderianum, 554; D, Pilcherianum, 392 ; D. strebloceras Rossianum, 72; Epidendrum O'BrienianumX , 770; E. Stamfordianum Leeanuiu, 521 ; Eria bicolor. 9 ; E. striolata, 554 ; Esmeralda bella, 136; i'icus Canoni, 9; Korolkowia discolor, 105; Ladia anceps munda, 234 ; L. a. rosea, 234 ; L. a. radians. 200 ; La'lio- Cattleya bella x, 361; L. elegans Tautziana, 330 ; L. Gouldiana, 41 ; L. Horniana, 770: L. purpurata, AVhite's var., 681 ; L. Wiiiteana, 681 ; Ij. superbiens decorata, 200 ; L. Tresederiana, l.'Jij; L. virens, .361; Leontice Darwasica, 200; Ly- caste macropogon, 200; Leontice Darwasica, 200; Lissochilus gigan- teus, 616; Alasdevallia culex, 361; M. cupularis, 233; Maxillaria Hiibs- chii, 136; Mormodes pardinum var. unicolor, 72; Narcissus Broussonetii, 169; Odontoglossum Boddaertianm, 296 ; 0. dicranophorum, 3-30, 360 ; O. dimystax, 331 ; U. X elegan- tins, 200; O. excellens cliryso- melanum. O. Harryanum' Air. Wilson's var., 522 ; O. X Masereeliannra, 618 ; Oncidium chrysops, 104 ; O. chrysorhapis, 72 ; O. detortum, 392; 0. Krameri- anum resplendeus, 360; Paphinia cristata ilodiglianiana, '72 ; Phaio- Calanthe Sedeniana 136 ; Pha- lainopsis denticulata, 296 ; P. F. L. Amesx, 200; P. gloriosa, 554 ; P. John Sedenx, 331; P. Leda, 457 ; P. Stuartiana bella, 200 ; Ponthieva grandiflora, 264 ; Poly- stachia Leonensis, 648 ; Rodrigue- zia Bungerothii, 264; Schomburg- kia rhionodora Kiraballiana, 1.36 ; Warrea bideutata, 105 Plants and their culture, 14, 47, 78, 110, 142, 174, 210.238, 270.302, 3.'i4, 371, 398, 430, 466, 495, 527, 559, 591, 623, G54, 686,718, 748, 777, 802 Plants certificated during the half year, 799 Plants in frames, 83; of New Guinea, 18 Pleurothallis insignis, 523, 563 Plum, Professor Wittraack, 364 Plums, to preserve, 730 Poinsettia pulcherrima, 397 Polemonium confertum, 660 Pollen, ett'ect of heat, &c., on, 433 Polyanthus, the, 110; new gold-laced, 430, 747, 430 Ponthieva, grandiflora, 395 Pope's garden, 726 Populus pyramidalis Meetensis, 23; P. Steiniana, 435 Poplar, a garden for, 752 Poplar, " Parasol de St. Julien," 104 Poplars, pyramidal. 104 Potato, Extra Early 'Vermont, 270, 372 ; Rufus, 728 Potato crops at Penzance. 779 ; disease • is it possible to be wholly ii-^e from, 182 ; good variety of, 119. 243 ; scab, 118, 433 Potatos, coloured, 782; new varieties of, 22, 51 ; price of, 81 ; s.alt on, 681 ; spelling of v/ord, 433 Primrose (Chinese) Magenta Queen, 177 Primroses in rural districts, 659, 727 Primula geraniifolia, 305 ; P. pubes- cens var. nivalis, 650; P. lieidii, 715 ; P. reticul.ata, 781 ; P., some species of, 715 ; P. villosa var. nivea, 715 Primulas. 110 ; at King's Norton, 205; (Chinese), at the Sparkhill Nur- series, 19 ; propagation of doable- flowered, 244 Protection in plants, 241 Pruning back deciduous trees on planting, 563 Pruning shrubs, 468 Psiadiarotundifolia (''Last of its race ''\ 180, 211 Pt^^ris tremula. 236 Puschkinias, 652 Pythium in Impatiens Saltani, 267 Ql'estion-box. the, 306 (Juinine in India, 714 Railway home rates, 342, 597, 627 Railway rates and salesmen's commis- sion, 691 Railway through Palm plantation, 272 Rainfall at Cardington, Beds, 152 ; at Rothamsted, Herts, 152; at War- wick, 52; of the year 1887, 75 Ranunculus, the, 685 ; R. alpine, 427 ; R. Lyalli, 755 Rare flower, a, 752 Red-spider, 52 Reinwardtia tetragyna, 18 Retinosporas, 4(>8 Rheum nobile, flowering of, in Edin- burgh, 753 Rhododendron argenteum, 266 ; R. Charapioni, 620; R. Cinnabarinum, 801; R. Collettianum, 020; R. Countess of Haddington, 626 ; [June 30, 188?. R. Falconeri, 058, 727; R. Hookeri, 365; R. kewense X, 620; R. Thomsnni, 365 Rhododendron fertilisation. 151 Rhododendrons, 370 ; and peat, 403 ; at Lythellill, Ilaslemere, 532; loam for, 436 ; new warm-house, 752; Mr. J. Watercr's, 778 ; yellow greenhouse, 212 Rhynchospermum jasmenoides, 799 Ribes cereum, 6.54 Richardia aithiopica, 50, 114, 498, 622 Roads and paths, junctions of, 116, 212, 276 Rock plants at Kew, 770 Rodigas, M., 658 Roger, Mr., testimonial to, 752 Rondcletia speciosa major, 270 Root crops, 394 Root drought in winter, 300 Roraima, Orchids of, 298 Rose Celine Forestier, 22;. climbing Devoniensis, G92 ; origin of 755, 773: climbing Niphetos, 590; Gloire de Margottin, 651 ; Madame Fran- cois Janin, 459 ; Madame G. Bruant, 169, 310, 459, 651 ; Madame Hoste, 651 ; MariSchal Niel, forcing, 12 ; . May Rivers, 590 ; Red Pet, 65l Rose day at Torquay, 210 ; garden woik in June, 773 ; prospects, 769 ; pruning, 423 Roses at Torquay, 752 ; for forcing, 557 ; massing, 302, 459, 565, 595 Roses, Moss, list of, 42 ; neglected, 167, 236, 300, 459 ; new, 557, 590, 651, 773 Roses of the South of France, 21 ; old, 147 ; on walls, 590 ; replanting, 43 ; Scotch, 236; spineless, 651 ; stand- ards on lawns, 201 ; Teas, in Peach- houses, 202 Royal Botanic Society, 805 Rot in Grapes, 137 Royal Horticultural Society, 23. 48. 49, 51,85, 112, 113, 118, 1.50, 176. 181, 208, 240, 943, 272, 277, 398, .336, 338, 340, 369, 400, 401, 403, 432, 464, 468, 497, 498, 528, 531, 561, 592, 620, 656, 688. 750, 804 Roval Horticultural Society, Associate?, 091; Certificates of, 118; Mr. Fish's letter, 138 ; Sir J. U. Hooker's letter. 7 ; c/iiployce of the, 338 ; employes entertainment, 466 ; extra com- mittees, 435 ; meeting day, 435 Royal Institution, 402 Royal parks and pleasure grounds, 370 Royal Southampton Horticultural Society, 176 Rubus nutans, 6.53 Sadal Palmetto, 680 Salesmen's commission, 628, 691 Salix fragilis, 618 Salvia scapilormis, 242 " Salting " cultivation, 277 Sarcochilus Hartmanni, 298 Sarracenias overgorged, 76 Satyriuras, 44 Saxifraga luteo-purpurea, 365 ; S. mac- ropetala, 556 ; S. pyramidalis, 746 Saxifrages, 714 Schizostylis coccinea, 622 SciEKTiFic Co:M3iiTrEE ; — Acacia ar- mata, 405 ; ^Ecidium of Silver Fir, 86 ; jE. pseudo-columnare, 246 ; Allium Jesdianum, 695 ; A. Suwar- rowi, 695 ; Aluminium in plants, 87 ; Anemone Fanninii, 566 ; An- thurium Chamberlaini, 405 ; Arau- caria imbricata, timber of, 406 ; Bamboo cane, 405 ; Befaria glauca, b^iOt ; Campanula Allioni, double, 782 ; Cattleya Ti'ianai, 470 ; ab- normal forms, 342; monstrous, 405, 694 ; Catasetum macrocarpum, 782 ; Chrysanthemum h.-cmatoma, 597 ; Citharoxylon l.-ctum. 470 ; Cle- rodendron n. sp., 87 ; Coccus on Strobilanthes, 87 ; Coelogyne flac I Tlio Gnrdeners' Clironii-lc] INDEX. [June no, 18S3. VU cilia, semi-doulle, 404; Cola clioco- late, 405; Conifers, G95 ; Cyclamen, fringed, 405, 470 ; with laciniate petals, 470 ; Cynomorium cocci- neum, 604 ; Daffodil, fringed, 568 ; with crested corona, 405 ; Daisy, a blue, 405 ; Daisy (?) blue from Tan- giers, 343 ; Dendrobium macro- pliyllum var. Bleichroderianum, 782 ; Douglasia hcvigata, 405 ; Droppers of Scilla, 343 ; Eichornea tricolor, 597 ; Eucalyptus, hardi- ness of, 566 ; E. globulus honey, 246 ; E. urnigera, 405 ; Euchresta Horsfieldii, 405 ; Eugenia jambo- lana, 246 ; Ferula assafojtida, 695 ; Fir shoots and squirrels, 694 ; Fuchsia, malformed, 405 ; Gen- tiana acaulis vars., 782 ; Ilaplo- carplia Leiciitlinii, 597; Hazel cat- kins, 470; proliferous, 566; Hya- cinth, self-mutilation of, 566 ; Iris Korolkowi, 695 ; .Jaborandi, 694 ; Lilac leaves, notched, 694; Lily disease, 694 782 ; Manaca root, 343 ; Masdevallia culex, 247 ; Narcissus, fringed, 470 ; Nymphaja tuberosa var. flavescens, 566 : Odontoglossum crispum synantliv of, 405 ; Oranges in England, 246'; Orchids, hybrid, 342 ; Orthesia insignis, 87 ; Ovu- laria elliptica, 782; Pear, tetra- merous, 694 ; Pears, cause of un- symmetrical growth in, 343; mon- strous, 87 ; Pentapterygium serpens, 597; Phaius grandifoiius peloria of, 405; PhaUvaopsis hybrid, 342, 405 ; Pilocarpus pinnatifolius, 597 ; l^inus insignis, dispersal of seed in, 404 ; Pomegranate, an English, 87 ; Pon- thieva sp., 245 ; Potato with incar- cerated beetle, 87 ; Primula hima- layan, 694 ; Quercus Skinneri acorns, 470; Rhododendron Car- ringtoniaj, SQ ; Khododendrons, hybrid, 86, 246; Rose Mar&hal Niel, canker of, 604; Saxifraga Kolenatiana, 605 ; Scarlet Runner, fertilisation of. 694 ; Silver Fir, a;cid- ium of, 86; Sphinx ocellata, 694; Strophanti! us madagascariensis, 342 ; Tulip, sell-coloured, 6'.)4 ; Wall- flower, monstrous, 245 ; Zinnia ele- gans, 507 Scilly, 3 a Scotland. 179. 310, 371, 393, .563, 524, G96, 728, 753 ; Tobacco culture in, 373; weatiier in, 85 Seed crop of 1887, 275 Seed growing at Rangiora, Neiv Zea- land, 632 Seed trade, the, 725 ; changes in the, 779 Seedlings, action of frost on, 240 Sefton Lodge, filelou-house at, (WO Selenipediuui grande,488; S. Lindley- anum, 298 Sequoia gigantea, 801 S> X and vigour, 691 Shrubs for slopes, 653; pruning, 46S Skimmia. forcing the, 85 ; S. oblata vars., 772 Slow-worms in Orchid-houses, 114 Slugs, &c., 277 Smith J., the late. 210 Smut on corn, 396 ; on Oafs and Barlev, .555, 500, 658 ; on Wheat, 774 Snow as a protector, 341 Snowstorm in Bute, 245 Sobralia sessilis, 44 Soci6t(5 Rationale d'HorticuIture de France, 241 Societies ; — Alexandra Palace Rose, 809 ; Ancient Society of York Florists, 247 ; Bath and West of England, 757; Bath Floral Fete, 695 ; Crystal Palace, 407, 631 ; Dumfries, 179 ; Edinburgh Botanical, 246, 277, 371, 567, 695, 784 ; Ghent Quinquennial, 500 ; Glasgow and West of Scotland. 438; Linnean, 183, 278, 343, 374, 471, 567, 632 (Centenary). 664, 809 ; Liverpool As- sociation, 438 ; London Agricultural .Seed Trade Association, 695 ; Man- chester Horticultural Improvement, 120, 18.3, 305; Manchester Royal Botanical, 661 ; National Auricula (Southern). 534 ; National Chrysan- themum, 53. 247, 311 ; North of Scotland, 179; Notts Horticultural, 374; Ovej-veen Bulb, 116; Ports- mouth, 82 ; Preston and Fulwood, 407; Reading Horticultural, 757; Royal Botanic, 374, 534, 620, 782 ; Royal Caledonian, 438 ; Royal Hor- ticultural, 23, 52. 86 (annual meet- ing), 21.3, 245, 342, 404, 470, 533, 566, 597 (Temple), 620, 661, 605, 756, 782, 808 ; Royal National Tulip, 784 ; Royal Oxfordshire, 800 ; Scot- tish Horticultural, 24, 170, 311, 56.3, 720; Scottish Pansy, 784; Scottish Primula and Auricula, 509; Torquay, 183; United Horticultural Provident and Benefit, 247 Societies, list of horticultural in the United Kingdom, 54 Solanum capsicastrum, 308 ; S. corni- gerum,181, 245, 493; S.jasminoidts, 790 Solomon's Seal, 341 Solomon's Seal, scented, 243, 277, 373, 691 Southampton Horticultural Societv. 146 Spath's nursery, Berlin, 26G Special societies, 530 Spring, evidence of, 86 Spring, indications of, 427 Squirrels, 692 Stachys tuberifera, 10, 211, 409 Starch, formation of, by plants, 18 Stenoglottis fimbriata, 557 Stenorhynchus speciosus. 364 Stephanotis floribunda, 092 Stocks, spikes of, 094 Stone fruit trees, lime for, 460 Strawberrv Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, 694; tine, 460 Strawbeirv forcing, lOS ; at Heckfield Place, 433 Strawberry promise, the, 781 Strawberries, 135, 276, 755 Strawberries, forcing, 212 ; in i)Ot?, 566 Strelitzia Augusta, 299 ; S. Nicolai, 332, 403 Streptocarpus parriflora. 80O Sugar from Sorghum. 434 Sumac in Palermo, 204 Sunflowers, hybrid, 201 Sunflower, 658 Sutlierlandia frutescens, 619 Sutton Gardeners' Associartion, 141) Table Decorations, 805 Tacsouia Anderson! X hybrid, 778 Talisia princeps, 806 Tea cultivation, 370 Teheran, opium and tobacco in, 204 Temple show, the, 024 Terrace planting, 460 Theophrasta Jussirei, 14 Theory and practice, 18 Thunbergia alata, 330 Thymus serpyllum atropurpureus, 650, 714 Thyrsacanthus rutilans, 302 Tigridia and Hippeastrums, fertili- sation of, 598 Tillaudsia, dimorphism in, 7.55 ; T. virginalis, dimorphism in, 717 Tobacco and opium in Teheran, 204 Tobacco, British, 722 ; culture in Scotland, 373; English, 754, 770 Tomato Sutton's^Perfection for winter. 728 Tomatos, 146 ; and Capsicums, 146 ; good crops out-of-doors, 558 Tower Gardens, opening of, 561 Toxicophla-a spectabile, 434 Trachelium co^ruleum, 558 Trachelospermum jasminoides, 709 Training and tying. 136 Transplanting, 245 ; sanitary effects of, 119 Tree Tomato and Melon Pear, 275 Trees and shrubs, 19, 115, 149, 277, 307, 407, 435, 468, 563, 586, 618, 653, 724, 753, 772, 801 : ornamental berried, 119; planting, 52 Trees, foliation of, 427, 531 ; from nurseries, damaged, 403; making shapely, 650 Trias picta, 48S Trinidad, 270 ; Banana trade in, 14 Tropceolum tricolorum, ^^^^ ; T. tubero- sum, 627 Tryphia secunda, 140. (See Uolothrix Lindleyanana. 361). Tuberose, the, 235 Tubers, 71 Tulip, the, 684 ; culture, in Holland, 745 Tulips, exhibition, at Haarlem, 080 Tulipa australis, 14; T. sylvostris, 622 Turf pits. 564 Turner Memorial Prizes for 1888, 118, 151 Tying and training, 136 U UjrnELLiFEn.T. in Afghanistan, 752 United Horticultural Provident and Benefit Society, 434, 404 Ustilago segetum (see Smut), 300, 5.55, 590, 658, 774 Utricularia, proliferation in, .390 Vallota purpurea, 242 ; V. minor, 557 Vanda Cathcarti, 106 ; V. cccrnlea, 40, 107, 114; V. Sanderiana. .305 Vanilla culture in Mexico, 562 A'aracli seeds and Caraboo fruits, 238 Vegetable, a new, 16, 627 Vegetable gardens, 340 ; products from Mincing Lane, 525 ; in Bar- celona, 725 Vegetables, 211, 371, 728, 729, 776 Vegetation, influence of the moon upon, 777 ; influence of last summer on, 808 Veitch Memorial Prizes for 1888, 208 Veitch, J., & Sons', nursery, 717 Ventilation, 238 Veronica cupressoides and its allies, 20: V. formosa, 808; V. lycopo- dioides, IIS ; V. salicornioides aud its allies. 20 Vetplantenkring, 18 Victoria regia, 210 Victorian fruit for England, 689 Vienna, first exhibition in, 497 Vigour and sex, 091 Vine, inarching, 148 Vine leaves, yellow, 060, 001 ; shoots, stopping, 338, 4.30 Vinery, everybody's, 272 Vines. 271 ; during the past season, 212 ; planting, growing, oiS'^ Viola ptdata bicolor, 620 Violet culture, 505 Violets and Wallflowers, 499 W Waggon tax, the, 093 " Wanted, a gai'dener," 436, 499, 597 Wallflowers and Violets. 409 Walnut as a timber tree, 142 Washingtonia tilifera, 50 Water-Lily house, Mr. W. S. Kimball's, 776 Weather and flowers in South Ireland, 275 ; in Scotland, 85, 606 ; North of the Grampians, 309 ; prognostics, 100 ; severe in Cornwall. .'WJ Weeds, destroying, 56S, 597, 028 Weevil, the brown, 724 Weevils in Beans and Peas, to destroy, 402 Weir, Harrison, Mr.. .330 Williams' Nursery. 1-19, 717 Wilts Horticultural Society, 211) Window boxes, 647 ; gardening. 203 Winter in South France, 1.^87-1888, 498 Wood, 306 Woodbridge, the late Mr.. .531, ,594 Wounds and gumming, I'iS Wych Elms, 806 XKROpnvrA elegans, 557 York Florists, presentation to the Secre- tary of the Society, 371 ; gala, the, 113; nurseries, 244, 554 Yucca aloifolia variegata, 8J7 ; Y". filifera, 743 ZfvoniA floribunda ami Z. speciosa, 468 Viii The Gardeners' Ckrouiclo,] INDEX. [June 30, 1888. LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. Abies amabilis flowers, 755 ; A. nobi- lis at Thorpe Terrow, 237 ; A. numidica, 141 ; A. Pinsapo, leaf section, 140 Adansonia Gregorii, 521 Adiantura Capillus-veneris var. imbri- catum, 73 Antliurium Chamberlain ii, 4G4, 4G5 Araucaria excelsa, 640 ; A. brasili- ensis, 775; A. Cookii, 774 ; A. Cun- ningharui, cone, 085 B Baodab, African (see Supplement, April 21) ; Australian, 521 Begonia Clementine X , 265; B. Lub- bersii, 301 Belgian market vinery, 275 Biota Sieboldi, 212, 213 Brugmansia lutea, fruit of, 269 Burr on Oak, 563 Byrkley, glasshouses at, 683 Cakyota sobolifera, 337 Celosia pj'ramidalis. (See Supple- ment, April 21.) Charenton, a streamlet at, 42i) Chick-house at Ganish Kind, India (exterior), 17 Cineraria (Senecio) cruenta and its modern development, 057 Ccclog3'ne cristata, Chatsworth var., 489 Coffee, 77 Conservatory at Ganish Kind, 425 Crassula lactea. 297 Currant-bud mite, 151 Cycnoches chlorochilura, 145 Cypripedium bellatulum, 747 ; C. in- signe, at Mr. W. S. Kimball's, New York (see Supplement, Jlay 5) Daffodil, frilled, 405 Daffodils, a group of named (see Sup- plement, March 31) ; a group of named key jilants, 400 Dichorisandra pubescens var. tienien- 818, 557 Disa racemosa, 693 Douglasia la;vigata, 525 Dracaena Draco (the Dragon Tree of Teneriffe), 713 Droppers, 277 Dunham Massey, pl.tn of garden at, 109 Duranta Plumieri var. alba, 45 Durban Botanic Gardens, Screw Pine in the. (See Supplement, Mar. 10.) Epidendkhm O'Brienianum X , and its parents, 771 Eriostemon obovallis fl.-pl., 85 Ermine moth, the, 811 Evythronium giganteum var. albi- florum, 556 ; E. Hendersoni, 053 Eucalyptus coccifera, 799, 801 ; E, cordata, 803 ; E. urnigera. 460, 461. 799, 802 Ferns, biferous, 173 Flower-holder, a tubular, 781 Foliage plants at Wilhelmshohe, 80, 81 I'reesia Leichtliniana, 588 Garden plan, a, 804, 805 ; at Dunham Jlassey, 109 Ghent Society of Botany and Agri- culture, the first show of, 589 Glazing, Newton's, 725 Grafting the Mango, 373 Group of foliage plants at ^Yilhelms- hohe, 80, 81 H Heracleum giganteum, 437 Heterosporium ornithogali, 659 IIoIothrixLindlevana, 365 ; flower, .364 In.irchino the Mango, 149 ; Vine. 148 Joint, Richardson's universal india- rubber expansion, 595 K Knaur on Taxodiam distichum, 565 LAcatJET moth, 439 Lxlia anceps var. grandiflora, 105 ; L. elegans var. Nyleptha. (See Supple- ment, February 11.) Lapageria-house at Worksop Manor. (See Supplement, February 25.) Larch, weeping. (See Supplement, April 7.) Leyswood, Groombridge, 205, 333 Lissochilus giganteus, 617 M Manoo, grafting the, 373 ; inarching the, 149 Melon-house, Sefton Lodge. (See Supplement, June 2.) Melon-Pear (Solanum guatemalense\ 309 Morton, J. C, the late, 585 Myticuttah, the, 84 N Nash Court, Faversham, fernery at. (See Supplement, January 14.) Nail, double-pointed, 341 Newton's glazing, 725 Odoxtoolossum Pescatorei, with ter- minal spike, 245 Oncidium splendidum. 10.8 Origanum hybridum, 233 Ornithogalum, disease of, 659 Oxera pulchella, 209 Palms, railway through a plantation of, 273 Paths, forms of junctions of, 116 Petunia, fasciated, 117 Phaius grandifolius. (See Supplement, January 28.) Phalamopsis xF. L. Ames, 201; P. .Tohn Sedenx, 3.32; P. Schilleriana, 529 Psiadia rotundifolia, 180, 181 Picea ajanensis, 53 Picea orientalis, flowers of, 754 Pine-apple Charlotte Rothschild. (See Supplement, March 24.) Pine-apple Smooth Cayenne. (See Supplement, March 24.) Pinus canariensis, 721 Pinus halepensis, catkins of, 629 Plan of garden, 804, 805 ; at Dunham Massey, 109 Polypodium crassifolium, with two sets of spores, 173 R Railway through a planlaticn of Palms, 273 Rhododendron Countess of Hadding- ton. (See Supplement, May 19.) Richardia ajthiopica. (See Supple- ment, January 28.) Rose Madame Georges Bruant, 169 Sadal Palmetto, 681 Saxifraga pyramidalis, 740 Scilla bulbs, adventitious, 277 Sefton Lodge Melon-house. (See Sup- plement, June 2.) Senecio (Cineraria) cruenta and its modern developments, 657 Solanum guatemalense (the Jfelon- Pear), 309 Stachys tuberifera, 13 Tillandsia virginalis, dimorphism in, 717 Tuljular flower-holder, 781 Vallota purpurea at Nash Court. (See Supplement, February 25.) Vanda ecerulea at Jlr. Kimball's, Ro- chester, N.Y., 41 Veronica cupressoides and vars , and V. salicornioides, 20, 21 Vine, inarching the, 14-S Vinery, a Belgian, 275 W Water -Lily house, Mr. Kimball's. (See Supplement, June 23). Weevils, 244, 724 Winter moth, the, 811 Yucca filifera, 743. 751 LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS. Baobab Tree, the African, April 21. Celosia pyramidalis var., April 21. Cypripedicm insigne. House of, at JIh. W. S. Kimball's, May i Daffodils, Group of, March 31. Fernery at Nash Court, Faversham, January 14. L.TLIA elegans var. Nyleptha, February 11. Lapageria House, Worksop Manor, February 25, Larch, Weepino, April 7. Melon House at Sefton Lodge, New.mahket, June 2. Pandanus dtilis in thf Public Gardens, Durban, Natal, March 10. Phaius grandifolius, January 28. Fine-apples : Charlotte Rothschild and Smooth Cayenne, March 24 Rhododendron, Countess of Haddington, May 19. Richardia .ethiopica, January 28. Vallota purpurea, February '25. AYatee-Lily House at. Ma. W. S. Klmball's, June 23, Established i84i.Hi±i^ No. 54.-V0L. III. {s^:r} SATURDAY, JANUAEY 7, 1888. /Regt. \wiTH L3 a New SUPP owspaper.f Price 3iS. LEMENT-X Post-free. 3}*t rtfcieved iu unusually fine condition, MESSRS. I'ltUTHERUE and MORRIS will include the above in their SALE at their Central Sale Room'i, 67 antl tj8. Cheapside, London, E,t;., on WEDNES- DAY NEXT, January 11. Un view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday and Saturday Next. SALES of Standard and Divart ItosES. GREENHOUSE PLANTS, PAL.VIS, FERNS, LILIU.M AUKATHM. and extensive assortments of English grown LILIES, including most of the principal varieties, IRIS. LILY of the VALLEY, TUBEKOSES. and 2O0 lots of Dutch BL'LBS. ME>,SRS. PKuTHEROE and MURRIS will SELL the above bv AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapsiile, Loudon. EC. ou WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY .NEXT, at half-pa.t 1.' oC!ock each day. On view n:oruing of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. "\TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MURRIS will ItX SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 6S, Chejip-ide, London, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, January 13, at half-past la o'clock precisely, a very fine assortment of ■well-grown ESI'ABlISUED ORCHIDS, chieliy in Flower and Bud. Also 2200 established plants of 0D0NT00L0S3UM ALEX- ANDRJi^, imported from the best district about four years ago. The plants are healthy, such of them as have Howered have been the tlnest varieties. Fine e-tablished plants of L.^LIA ANCEPS alba, in spike, ORCHID BASHETS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. ODONTOQLOSSUJI ALEXANDRiE of the best type, from Messrs. Shuttleworlh, Carder & Co. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in their SALE by AUCTION on FRIDAY NEXT, January l,i, a very line importation of ODONTOtiLOS- SUiM ALEXANDR-E, in splendid condition, and including numerous large masses; also ODONTGGLOSSU.H VEXIL- L.AKIU.M. &c. Ou view morniuir of Sale, and Catalogues had. Flowering OrcHlds.— Special Sale, January 31. MES.SRS. PROTHEKUE and AIORUIS de,ire to announce that their next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD will take place as above, for which they will be glad to receive notice of Entries as early as po-ible. Eltbam.— Expiration of Lease. Important CLEARANCE SALE of Oeiieral NURSERY STOCK, extending over upwards of 30 Acres of tJrouud. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Todraan's Nursery, Ejtham, Kent, about the middle of FEBRUARY NEXT, the First Portion of the exten.ive stock of EVEltGREEN CONlFEli.'E and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, FRUIT, OR.NAMEXT iL, and FOREST TREES, particulars of which will shortly npp'-ar. Monday Next — CSale No. 7592.) IMMENSE LMPlRTATIONS from JAPAN. 20,000 Orand Bulbs ol LILIUU AUR.ATUM. lotted to suit large and small buyersf-ome in CAsesas received) ; 60 cases uf LILIUM SPECIOSU-\I ROSEU.M as imported, 1000 L. SPECIOSU.M ALBUM, 2000 L. LOXGIFLORUM, 150 CYCAD trunks. 7000 NARCISSUS. DRIED GRASS. &c.. from Japan; also a fine lot of LILIUM GIGANTEUM, and many other Home-grown LILIES, South African TUBEROSES, LILY OF THE VALLEY in Clumps and Crowns, DUTCH BULBS, &c. "IVf K. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above XtX by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 33. King Street, Covent Garden. VV.C. on MONDAY NEXT, January 9, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday and Saturday Next. First-class Pyramid and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES of sorts. Ornament-al SHRUBS and CONIFERS. Standard and Dwarf ROSES to name, including many of the leading varieties; CARNATIONS. PICO TEES. PINKS, and other BORDER PLANTS. LILY of the VALLEY in Clumps and Crowns; SiTR^.\S. Home-grown LILIES, GLADIOLI, and many other BULBS and ROOTS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3», King Street, Covent Garden, •^' .C, on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY NEXT, January 11 and 14, at half-past 12 oClock precisely each day. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tnuraday Next.— vSaie No. 7695.) CATTLEYa CRISPA. „ LAWRENCEANA. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Groat Rooms, 38, King Street' Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, January 12, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, a tine importation, just arrived, of the grand and showy CATT- LEYA CRISPA. with large bulbs and broad, diatinct-looking leaves; al-o a very fine lot of C. LAWRENCEANA : this beau- tiful Cattleya is extremely rare in its native country, and one of the tineet of the genus ; it has received the award of the Certihcate, and has been the admiration of oil beholders, bein^ the most lovely formed and glowing of all Cattleyaa. A quantity of ORCHIuS also will be offered from the Roraiina Mountain, the whole in extra condition, including a splendid lot of Zygopetalum rostratum. Houlletia species, Scuticaria, probably new; Oucidium Jonesianiim, Maxijlaria species, Brassia species, Bifrenaria species, Oncidium Mai- shallianuiu. and many other fine ORCHIDS, Ou view morning of Sale, and Catalogues bad. OroMdB in Flower and Bud. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to aiinounoe that hisuextSALE of ORCHIDS m Flower and Bud will take place at his Great Rooms, iW. King Street. Covent Garden. W.C. on WEDNESDAY. January 18. at halt-past 12 o'clock precisely, and he will be glad if gentlemen desirous of entering plants for this &ale will send list not later than 'Ihursday next Wednesday, January 18. CATTLEYA EXONIENSIS, splendid plant of the fine long- leaved variety, in lo-inch pan. in dower. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 3S, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, January 18, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morniug of Sale, and Catalogues had. Home Counties. TO BE SOLD, at a great sacrifice, an important well-known NURSERY BUSINESS, established many years. Personally inspected and recoramentlBd'. ' Full particulars of .Messrs. PROTHEROE JND MORRIS, 67 and 68. Cheapside. London. E C '["'O LET, on Lease, a SMALL NURSERY, JL about 4 acres, ivith Subscription Bowling Green, &c., upon It. Good Landscfipe, Jobbing, anri Seed Buaiuess. A few miles south of MaiicUester. SUick ut valuation. Apply. Mr. G1LLIBRA.ND, 8, Kobert Street, Rooden Lane. Mantne.iter. Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardeus, Florist and Seed BL'SINESSRS to be DISl'OSED OF. MESSRS. PKOTHEKOE and MORRIS' HORTICULTUKAL REGISTER contains fuU parti- culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 6S. Cheapside, London. E.G. npHE ROCKS at BATTERSEA PARK, J- said to be a true imitation of Nature but allowed to be overgrown, and the other so called good examples at HIGHNAM COURT and BEARWOOD, recorded in this Journal recently, were all executed by PULHAM AND SON, BROXBOURNE. ORCHIDS. An immense Stock. Thousands Showing for Bloom. NEW CATALOGUE OF ORCHIDS AND OTHER PLANTS, Free on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VIXEYA.RD & NURSERIES, GABSTON, near LIVERPOOL. FERNS A SPECIALTY. An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION. CATALOGUE, of over 1300 speciea and varieties, including Descriptive "List of New, Rare, and Choice Ferns," and " Hardy North American Ferns," free on application. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. FRUIT TREES FOR IMMEDIATE BEARING. IMMENSE STOCK OF HEALTHY, HARDY TREES, in every form and variety. Pronounced by competent judges — " THE BEST IN THE KINGDOM." (See Reports Chiswick Conference, &c.) Prices moat moderate. CATALOGUES Gratis, Post Free. F. & A. DICKSON & SONS, THE QUEEN'S NURSERYMEN, CHESTE R. EBtEiblished 1827. I BRIARS (Dug kuse), seedling i FOR STOCKS. 1-yr., extra choice, per lO.noo, £7. 1-jT., No, 1 choice, per lO.OOO, £r,. 1-yr,. No. 2 choice, per 10,uO'>, £i 10s. 2-yr. transplanted, extra choice, per 10.000, £10. 2-yr. tran-plante-l. No. 1 clioit-e, per lO.OUO. £7. FRUir TREE STOCKS.— Peara, 1 and 2 years ; Quince, Plumg, Apples, seedling. Paradise. Doucin, Myrobolant, Ma- haleb, Mazard; Forest and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. Youiiw stocks from seeds or cuttings disposable by millions. Stocks very fine and very cheap. Prices and CATALOGUES sent on demand to L. PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatenay, Seine, France. 13 A L M S. — A few hundreds, well-grown, strong and healthy. Seaforthia elegans, Lataiiia borbonica, Phoenix reclinata, 12 inches high. 4s. per do^en, 30s. per 100. Packages and Carriage free. Lat;\uia. hocbonica, Seaforthia -el6gan»-,-Phoemx reclinata, and Corypha au^traiis, 20 to 24 inches high. Is. &d. each, 16s. per dozen. Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica, Phoenix reclinata, Enterpe edulis, and Areca lulescens, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet high, 3s. to OS. each. Fine feathery-foliaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, I5s. per pair. OARDEVER. Holly LoHgp, Stamford Hill. London. N. EGUMAjS a :5PEC1AL'1~Y.— a warded I'our Gold Medal.s. Quality un-urpas-.eii. Kamed Singles, from 12s. to 42s. per dnzen ; unntimed Seedlings, I2s., 18s., and 21s. per dozen; Beddin>t. choicest. 6s. and 9s. per dozen; choicest named Double-', from 4:^.?. per dozen; unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per dozen ; choicest mixed, 18s. per dozen. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATA- LOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SOXS, The Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E. pHKYSANTHEMUMS, 600 varieties, best V.-^ and newest, strong Cuttings from general collection, now ready, Is. 6rf. per dozen, 10s. per lOu ; plants in January, 2s. 6rf. per dozen. Ids. per 100. W. E.'s selection cheaper. Many of the best prizes in the country have been taken from plants and cuttings supplied by me. Mods. Delaux's grand set of 100 sorts, and other new varieties, at reasonable prices. See CAT.ALOGUE. with Essay on Cultivation, 2 stamps. \VM. ETHERINGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower, Swans- combe, Kent. T? H U I T f U E E Sl^ JC 10.000 VICTORIA PLUM3. 6.000 QIsmiRN PLUMS. 6.000 PKINlE OF WALES PLUMS. 6,00u FAKLEIOH PROLIFIC DAMSONS. 20.000 of other f^ooci sorts. 20.000 PEARS, ill 50 sorts. 40.000 APPLES, in 100 sorts, Brompton, Brussels, and Common PLUM STOCKS, strong, i!-yr. wood. Strong trained Morello CHEKKIES. Price per 100 or 1000, on application to FLETCHER BROS., Ottt-rnliaw Nnrsery, Chf rtsey, Surrey, '2 000 (100 SCOTCH FI R ^•,\J\J\J»,\J\jyj (Guaranteed Genuine Native High- land).—2-yr, Seedlings, Is. 6d. per 1000, £i per 100,000. Triins- plai:ted, 8tol8iD3.. tjs, per 1000, £J8 per lOO.uOO; 12 to 18 ins.. «s-. ad. per 1000, £30 per 100,000 ; 13 to 24 inches, 7s. per 1000, £33 per 100.000. All other FOREST TREKS extraordinarily cheap. Post Samples Free, or 500 as Sample at price quoted. WISE.MAN, Nurseryman. El;.'in. N.B. WGOUDON, Importer of Orchids from • all parts of the world. An immense Stock of recently imported plants compels a Sale of the Established Plants to make room. These have not yet flowered, but are all flowering plants, and must be sold at a great sacrifice. Very valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great bargains. See Public Journiilsfor high prices recently ob- tained. The special offer affordsa payinginvestmenttoanyone with glass at command which should not be overlooked. Such plants may never again be offered to the Public and the Trade. LILIUM AUR\TUM. for Christmas presents. Fourth arrival of tiOOO bulbs, the bfst that money can buy. 4rf., 6rf., 9d., Is., Is. 6d. Specially imported ne phts ultra bulbs, 2s. 6rf. each. Very liberal allowance to the Trade. LILIUM ALBUM KRAETZERI, the most lovely white Lily grown— throws seven to ten (lowers, which sell in market at 2x. per dozen ; beautiful and rare. Is. each, 10s. per dozen. LILIUM SPECIOSUM RUBRUM CRUENTUM, the dark form of this lovely Lily, most exquisitely marked, Is. each, 10s. per dozen. LILIUM AURATUM PLATYPHYLLUM RUBRO-VnTA- TUM, crimson, striped with gold; VIRGINALE, pure white, and spotted, with gold band. All these lovely new and distinct forms of Auratum, suitable for show purposes, very fine bulbs, LILIUM HARRISII, 10s. per dozen ; and all other LILIES equally cheap. Banksian Silver Medal awarded August, 1887. JAPANESE NOVELTIES, 80 varieties; IRIS, Tree PEONIES. MAPLES, CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS. Pleaae apply for special offer to \V. GORDON, The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Twicken- ham, Middlesex. Clearance Sale. BULBS for Spring and ISummer Blooming:. All in fine comlition. Prices greatly reduced. Price LIST free on application. BARR AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. The New Raspberry. LORD BEACUNSFIELD. (A Seedling,) The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First- claaa Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. 1883. Strong Canes. £i per 100 ; 9s. per dozen. Smaller Canes, 6s. per dozen. Trade supplied. Cash with order. A. FAULKKOR. Inkpen, Hungerford. JuntkBi T, 1888.] TBE GABDENEBS' CBBONICLE:^ GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS. THOMAS METHVEN & SONS (Bt/ Royal Warrant I\urserymen and Seeds7nen to the Queen) BEG TO INTIMATE THAT THEIR DESCRIPTIVE PRICED CATALOGUE OF GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS, IMPLEMENTS, GLADIOLI, &c., for 1888, Is now ready, and mat/ be had Free on application. EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK (Methven's Choice Strain), White, Purple, Scarlet, Crimson, and Snow-white, Wall-leaved. In Packets, Is., 2s. 6rf., and 5s. each colour. SEED WAREHOUSES : IB, PRINCES STREET, & NURSERY GATE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH. All Flower and Vegetable Seeds are supplied Post-free, and arrive within 10 days after receipt of order, CHE. LORENZ, THE LARGEST AND OLDEST GERMAN SEED HOUSE, ERFURT. Before Orderhg YOUR SEEDS FOR THE SPRING, READ THE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, for Owners of Gardens and Amateurs, of the Largest and Oldest Seed House on the Continent, anj yow will buy your seeds much cheaper than from any other tirm. N 0 W HEAD Y, the English Edition of LORENZ'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, with more than two hundred beautiful Engravings, and exact Cultural Directions, GRATIS AND POST-FREE, on application. Tostjige for Letters to Germany, 2\d. Post Cards. \d. CHR. LORENZ, SEED GROWER & MERCHANT, Seedsman by Special Warrant to H..M. the Empress of Germany, H.M. the King of Saxony. H.M. the King of Bavaria, H.M. tlie Kin" of tlie .N'etherhin.ls. H.M. tlie King of Roumania. H..M. tlio King of Serbia, H.E.H. tlie Grand Duke of Hesse. H.H. the Duke of Anhalt, 100-103, JOHN STREET, ERFURT, GERMANY. AU Flower and Vegetable Seeds are Supplied Post-free, and arrive within 10 days after receipt of order. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. (Established 1804.) Dill no Lovely Flowers in Winter and Spring for a trifle. DULDu. Ready in Autumn, ROSES (20 acres). =^^=nbsV"o'^^^" Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Older. STANDARDS, 15s. per dozen, or lOO free for 120s. Best Varieties. Every form and kind of tree at low FRUITS (74 acres) prices. SHRUBS, &C. (91 acres.) £v°e^„^/ f rIeI; STRAWBERRIES, VINES CLEMATIS, Famous Planting and Forcing Asparagus and Seakale. flowering plants (8i. per dozen, 60.<. per 100), FOREST TREES. ROSES IN POTS (80,000), '--'^-'^-"'"^ Forcing, &c., lbs. to 'dQs. per dozen. ALPINE AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS, is. per dozen, 25s. per luo (R. S. & Co.'s Selection). PInnting, 4s. per 100. Forcing, 16*. to 25s. per 100. THOUSANDS of ORAND CANES, 3j. erf. to lOs. erf. each. White to Dark Purple, Single and DjuWe, 12s. to 245. per doyaa. VEGETABLE, FLOWER, AND FARM SEEDS. DEBORIFTTVE LISTS, oontalnlng an Immense amount of uieful information, trai on application. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS WILL BE THANKFULLY RECEIVED BY A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, London, W. CCELOGYNE CRISTATA. — Well grown, with bloom spikes, and very cheap. Trustees of the late J. STEVENSON, Timperley, Cheshire. OR SALE, a few 1000 GEiMSTAS, well rooted Cuttings at 6rf. per 100, sent by Parcel Post for cash by T. BALDWIN AND SON, Edith Nursery. Barchel Road, Leyton. Fox Coverts.— Game Coverts. JOHN PERKINS and SON offer strong transplanted : — BLACKTHORN. If to 2 feet, and 2 to 3 feet. PRUNUS MYROBOLANA, IJ to 2 feet, and 3 to 3 feet. LAURELS, Common, IJ to 2 feet, and 2 to 3 feet. PRIVETS, Evergreen. IJ to 2 feet, and 2 to 3 feet. At very low prices. Billing Road Nurseries. Northampton. To tlie Trade. Home-grown VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE are now prepared to • make special offers of their fine selected stocks of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS, all of which they have harvested in splendid condition. The prices will be found very advantageous to purcha.sers. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. To Gentlemen, Nurserymen, Builders, and Others intending planting Shrubs and Trees, &c., this Autumn. ROBERT NEAL begs respectfully to call attention to his large and varied stock of the above, more especially to those varieties most suitable for Town Planting, of which he holds a large collection, such as PLANEP, LIMES, ELMS, CHESTNUTS, EUOXYMUS, AUCUBAS, ai d HOLLIES, and others too imineroua to mention. Free deliver) within a radius of 10 miles, on all Orders amounting to £5 and upwards. An inspection solicited. CATALOGUES free on application. The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common, S.W. To those about to Plant Roses, &c. E WING'S CATALOGUE contains short and plain Cultural Notes, besides Descriptions and Prices of the beat Roses ; and in addition 23 pages are devoted to Orna- mental Trees, Shrubs, Fruit Tree^, Climbing Plants. Horti- cultural Requisites, &c. It is forwarded post-free to applicants oil ret't-ipt of three penny stamp'^, or Gratis to Customers. Abridffed LIST of low priced carriage and package free col- lections of high-class Roses, gratis and po-;t-free. EWING AND CO.. Sea View Nurserii*s, Havant. Hamp-'hire. (JM (WU) CLEJUAT18, in Pots, of all the OV/^vUv/ liiitjst Double and Siugle Varieties (some of the flowers of wliich become 10 inches across, and are of every shiule, frum pure white to the darke-st purplf), for climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 34.';. per dozen, ttroiig plants ; extra strong plant-:', repotted into .5^iiich pots, '^s. m. each. Descriptive LIST on applicjitioj.— KICHAKD SMIXH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed .Merihants, Worcester. To the Trade SEED P O T A T O S . AND F. SHARPE will be pleased to mal'© special offers of their carefully selected stocks «f SEED POTATOS, raised on their own farms expressly for seed purpo^s. Seed Growiii;; E-tjibli-^hment. Wisbech. H Laxton'a Bedford Seeds. 4>Oi^ IN PRIZ lis.— Exhibitors should send f' r ^J^*} T. Lnxton's LIST of upwards of 100 Novelties ai u Specialties in Ve^retiible^ and Flowers, the best only selecttu for quality and exhibition, with particulars of prizes. T. LAXION, Seed GnAVt-r. Hpilf.^rtl. ANDRE LKROV'S Nurseries at Anders, France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collectior.8 of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TUEES. SHRUBS, CA. MELLIAS, ROSES. SEKDLING3. STOCK FRUIT TREliS. &c. CATALOGUES eent ou application. Freight frcm Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris 187«. , Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street. London. E.C. ^ When Science and Practice go Hand In Hand Succt^'B is a O'Ftainty. GILBERT'S SURPA8SEE TOMATO draws a smile even from Dr. Masters— see Gardeners' Chronic! ; a hearty " Hoar! Hear 1 " from Henry Cai.nell; three cliee a from Stephen Ca.stle ; whilst Messrs. Bennett and Barrett ai d the musical Hips 1 1 . , .„ , * It per packet; enclose 13 stamps which will ensure a packet being sent. Write for CATALOGUE of Novelties to R. (ilLBERT, Burghley. Stamford. THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [Jandabt 7, 1888. Barr ^ Son, King St., Covent Garden. MIXED DAFFODILS. Per 1,000, \&a. Per 10,000, 140s. Per 20,000, 2403. To Plant in Shrubberies, Meadows, Orchards, Woods, &c. Barr Sf Son, King St., Covent Garden. IFRy tu furm an ude(]uate cunception of its unpreiedeiiled extent. FRUIT TREES, WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS, Of fine quality and immense numbers. Inspection Invitep, The Glass Structures cover an area of 233,600 super, feet. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. WILLIAM BARRON & SON'S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF CONIFER/E and other Hardy Ornamental Plants for 1888, Is now readt/, and may be had post-p'ee on application. Elvaston Nurseries, Borrowash, Derby. VEGETABLE ^ FLOWER Seed Potafos, TOOLS, &c. ALL OF FINEST QUALITY. Carriage Free. Priced Catalogue Post Fre«. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS, CONFIDENCE CHESTER Only to the Trade. J. C. SCHMIDT, Nurseryman and Seedsman to His Majesty tlie Emperor of Gemianv, ERFURT, GERMANY, BEGS TO ANNOUNCE THAT HIS GENERAL TRADE CATALOGUE OF SELF-GKOWN BEST ERFURT FLOWER AND VEGETABLE SEEDS, at moderate prices, is now published, and will be forwarded poi^t-free on application. CATALOGUES. THE NURSERIES, KING'S ACRE, HEREFORD {Established 1785). JOHN CRANSTON & GO. beg to announce that their Descriptive Catalogues of ROSES, FRUIT TREES, FOREST TREES, RHODODENDRONS, CLEMATIS, and other HARDY TREES and SHRUBS, are now published ; and which they will be pleased to forward on application. Special Offers will be made for Large Contracts. PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES. MR. COOPER, F.R.H.S., OF CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS, 13 THE LARGEST GROWER OF NUT TREES FOR SALE IN THE KINGDOM. Price Lists aud Pamphlets on application. NOW READY, CARTERS' X TWiTlW MIDI.'. "^ S,^ TESTED SEEDS [l>J-M,ll,tj^ Send One SbUling for a Catalogue, and deduct this sum when ordering, 237 238 Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants. HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. 'OldEstabliikeW Reliable Always, SELECT GARDEN SEEDS, Kc, Of unsurpassed quality, at most moderate prices. Deoetable Seebs Saved from SKLEcrsD Stocks with greatest Care. Slower Seebs OF Choicest Sthains and most Sblrct Character. Seeb ipotatos, Best and Newkst Varietiks, Carefully Selkcted, Hand-picked. 6arOen Suii&rfes: MnBHROOM Spawn, Tobacco Paper, Rof fba, &c. ©arbeii ITooIs, A Full AssortsieaSt by Best Makers. Every requisite for the Farm, Garden, and Estate. Illustrated Descriptive Catalogues, Gratis and Post Free. F.X, A. DICKSON & SONS, THE QUEEN'S /TK^af^v SEEDSMEN, U-IJcSlCl. N E W- G E N U I N E— K E L I A B L E. JARMAN'S SEEDS, POST-FREE or CAMRIAGE PAID. Large Dlustrated Catalogue sent free on application. THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN (Registered), CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE. CUTBUSH'S MILL- TKACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. —Too well known to reqmre descrip- tion. Price. 6«. per bushel (\s. extra per bushel for package), or Gd. per cake ; free by parcel post, Is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our si gnatureattacbed. WM. CUTBUSH AMD SON (Limited), Nurserymen and Seed Merchanta, Highgate Nurseries, N. January 7, 1888.] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. WUte Lilac. WHITE ENGLISH LILAC, Forced and Sold by KDROST, Kew Nursery, Richmond, S.W., • and 30, Covent Garden Flower Market, W.C. Any quantity to be had at a minute's notice. Telegraphic Address— " DROST, RICHMOND, SURREY." EW CHRYSANTHEMUM (Japanse), SARAH OWEN, two First-class Certificates. Golden Bronze sport from Madame John Laing : fine for exhibition. Plants, ready March 1, 3s, Qd. each. KOBT. OWFN, Floral Nurseries. Naidenhead, SEEDS s SPRING, By 1888 ^y Appointment ""» Appointment Of Guaranteed Purity and Excellence. VEGETABLE SEEDS From Selected Stoc7is. FLOWER SEEDS From Prhe Strains. Superior in quality and moderate Simontafs in price. Collections for any sized, testifying to garden from 5s. to £5 5s. "Write for 'ualit''''7rom Catalogue, free on application. Seed all parts of Orders delivered free by rail and the country. Parcel Post. LiniE & BALLANTYNE, Seedsmen to H.M the Queen and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, CARLISLE. FINEST LILY OF THE VALLEY CROWNS for Early Forcing, by Gustav A. Scholtz, Berlin. For price write to JACOB AND VALENTIN. 66, Cheapside, London, E.G. APPLE TREES with MISTLETO growing on them, 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., and Lis. each.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Jlerchanta, Worcester. H O I C E GERMAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. ROEMER. Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. Seeds. CHARLES TURNER'S New List for 1888 is raady, and may be had free on application. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. iJniii/r. Jtabone. Gardener to the Bight Hon. the Earl of.Shreu;sburij. EVERY GROWER OF EARLY PEAS SHOULP TRY THIS NOVELTY. Price In Sealed Packets, 2s. 6d. per plDt post-free 2s, lOd -v HS CARTERS, Moyal Seedsmen by Special Warrant. HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON- THE NEW RUNNER BEAN. N E A L'S " NE PLUS ULTRA." Per Packet, Is., Post Free. The Best for E.rhibitors. The Best for Main Crop. The Best for Gentlemen'' s Gardcnt. The Best for Amateurs' Gardens. The Best for Cottagers' Gardens. Per Packet, 6d. THE MOST PROLIFIC IN CULTIVATION. THE MOST PROFITABLE IN CULTIVATION, THE BEST FOR MARKET GARDENS, THE BEST FOR ALLOTMENT HOLDERS, NO OTHER CAN BE SUBSTITUTED. Twelve Is. Packets Post Free for 10s. 6d. To erow it to perfection each Bean should be planted li foot apart in the row. in which cose a shilling packet (thirty Beans) will produce more Beans than a pint of the ordinary Scarlet Bunner. ^ Practical Gardeners, Amateurs, Market Gar- deners, Cottagers, and Large Seed Firms say it has no equal, and for the coming spring have already ordered nearly 6000 Is. packets. For full description of this popular Bean and other of DKVERILL'S NEW VEGETABLES, sendfor SEED CATALOGUE, gratis & post-free. H. DEVERILL & CO., ROYAL SEED STORES, BANBURY. THE PLANTING SEASON. The BEST ROSES. The BEST CAMELLIAS, The BEST HYACINTHS. TULIBS. &c.. The BEST EVERGREENS .ind FLOWERING SHKUBS, The BEST PAKK and ROADSIDE TREES, The BEST FRUIT TREES and GRAPE VISES, The BEST SEEDS. &c.. lie seen and Purchased at SON'S, WM. PAUL & PAUL'S NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS (near " Waltham Cross " Station, preat Eastern Railway, half an hour from Londonl. Prices as low as jiossible. Inspection invited. Priced CATALOGVES fref. A 92-Page CATALOGUE, embellibhed with 109 ENGRAVINGS, (many of whieh, like the flowers they illustrate, are ongiual), coiijistiiig exclusively of FLOWER SEEDS. I have much pleasure in announcing that my New CATALOGUE of Flower Seeds is just finishing, and will, as received from the printers, be Posted to my Customers, who will doubtless welcome it as a valuable Catalogue for reference, and to whom I am sure, it will prove especially instructive and attractive. Considering that its pages are devoted to Flower Seeds only, it is perhaps not too much to claim, that it is the Laeqest Catalogue of these ever published, and includes in its varied columns very many species and varieties, which can be procured from Tottenham only ; and while desirous to introduce a large amount of stuff not generally known, I have— as is my wont — had due and proper re- gard to the fact, that as a rule buyers do not care for spetialties unless they are distinct and effective. All the novelties and varieties appear- ing in this Catalogue claim such a distinction. Copies may be had Gratis and Post-free upon application. THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. ROSES IN POTS; all the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18i. to 36s. per dozen. Descriptive List free on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. OSES and FRUIT TREES. ROSES. Dwarf H.P., all the best varieties, our selection, 3os. per 100. 5U for 2Qs., 12 sent free by post for 9>s. ROSES. Dwarf Tea, from open ground, including Gloi re de Dijon, Mnr^chal Niel. and other good varieties, 9s. per dozen. APPLE TREES, Standards for Orchards. 185. and 24s. per doz. „ ,, Bushes. 6s. per dozen, 4.^s. per 100. ,, ,. Pyramids, 12s., 18s.. and 24.?. per dozen. FRUIT TBEES. 12 a.'isorted Dwarf-trained. 30s. per dozen. APPLE and PEAK TREES, 12 a-sorted Pyramid, 18s. per doz. CURRANT TREES. a=isorted. Black, Red, and White. 25 6of. per dozen. 18s. per 100. GOOSEBERRIES. Warrington and other best named sorts, 2.5. 6rf. per dozen, 18s. per 100. VINES, strong planting Canes, Black Hamburgh and Muscat of Alexandria, and others, 4.';. each. Terms ca.^h. CATALOGUES on application. CARAWAY & CO., DUEDHAM DOWN, OOTQT'/^T CLIFTON, OKIO 1 \JLU, SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDGWOBTE. HERTS. STRAWBERRIES. strong Roots. 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots. 16s. per 100; ditto in large pots, ihs. par 100. Descriptive LIST free. RICH.tRt) SMH'H AND CO., NviMerymen and Seed MerchaEta, wor559t?r. -.---— -. THE MOST USEFUL NOVELTIES OF THE SEASON. LAXTON'S "EARLY WILLIAM" PEA.— An early dwarf William 1st. Ten days before, the ordinary trade stock, and as tried at Chiswick, only 2 feet 6 inches high, 2s. (td. per Pint. LAXTON'S "HOWARD" PEA.— Between Supreme and Ne Plus Ultra. A large and splendid Show and Quality Pea. and the hardiest and best of aU for market, 4 feet. 2s. 6rf. per pint. LAXTON'S " OPEN-AIR " TOMATO.— 1 he farliest to ripen outdoors. Awarded XXX for First- cla^s Certificate, after trial at Chiswick, against eighty varieties; fruithandsome and good, doesnot crack; plant sturdy, a very free producer, and thebe^t disease resister. Is, &d. per packet. LAXTON'S " SANDY PRIZE " ONION. The finest and truest of the White Spanish type. Re- commended after trial at Chiswick of upwards of sixty varieties. Half-ounce packet, Is. LAXTON'S " CZAS " GIANT RUNNER BEAN, — By far the largest, broadest, and best of all the Runner Beans. F.CC. at Shrewsbury. 2s, per packet. LAXTON'S "BEDS HERO" POTATO.— Between White Hebron and Myatfs— the best main-crop Kidney. 2 lb,, 2s, LAXTON'S " BOUNCER " POTATO. — "F.CC. after trial at Chiswick. A large, handsome, and most productive white round winter Potato, to supply the place of the Regent. 2 lb.. 2s. LAXTON'S " REWARD " POTATO. — Between Champion and Magnum Bonum. A splendid r;u;ility late round, good till June, shallow-eyed, robust, and most productive. I look upon this as one of the very be^t out of 1000 Seedlings, and have nam-?d it accordingly. 2 lb,, 2s. 4 lb, of each of the above Potatos, free on rail, for lOs. 6rf. post order. LAXTON'S " INVINCIBLE BLUE " SWEET PEA, — The best blue, and the most distinct colour in Sweet Peas yet issued. Is. 6rf. per packet. LAXTON'S CARMINE ASTER.— The most brilliant-coloured of all Asters ; habit half dwarf. Is. per packet. Both gems for the florist. The Seeds In Packeta only, sealed with my name and address. LIST, xcith full particulars of the above, and upioards of 100 of the best Novelties and Speci- alties in Vegetable and Flower Seeds, sent free on application to THOMAS LAXTON SEED -^GROWER, -BEDFORD. Jaotaey 7, 1888.] THE GABDENEBS' CEBONICLE. SEEDSMEN BY ROYAL WARRANTS To Her Majesty the Queen. To H.E.H. the Prince of Wales. WEBBS' SPRING CATALOGDE FOR 1888. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS :- Coloured Plate?, illuftratiiig Gloxinia. Mignonette, Myoso- tis. Hollyliock, Wallflower, Dianthus, I'otatos. Original Articles on the Cultivation of Vegetables; the Cultivation of Annuals, Bieuuials, and Perennials; the Cultivation of Florists' Flowers; Historical Notes on Vegetables ; Waking anO Renovating Lawn and Tennis Grounds. Illustrated Lists of the best Vegetables. Illustrated Lists of the best Flowers. Lists of the best Seed Potatos. Particulars of the best Novelties. List of Prizes offered by Weub & Soss at Horticultural Shows in 1SS8. NOW READY. Post-free, Is. Which may b? deducted off subsequent orders. THE HANDSOMEST and MOST PRACTICAL SEED CATALOGUE OF THE VEAE. WEBBS' STANDARD NOVELTIES. WEBBS' NEW POTATOS FOR 1888. "STOURBRIDGE GLORY," "MASTERPIECE," " EPICURE." WEBBS' NEW BROCCOLI-MAY QUEEN. WEBBS' NEW CARROT-MARKET FAVOURITE. WEBBS' NEW CUCUMBER-STOUKBBIDGE GEM. WEBBS' NEW LETTUCE-WINTER WHITE COS. WEBBS' NEW MELON-QUEEN VICTORLA. WEBBS' NEW MELON-ROYAL WARRANT. WEBBS' NEW TOMATO-JUBILEE. WEBBS' NEW ASTER^PRINCESS. WEBBS' NEW ASTER- SCARLET KINO. WEBBS' NEW DIANTHUS-CHAMPION. WEBBS' NEW MY030TIS- BLUE KINO. WEBBS' NEW MYOSOTIS-WHITE KINQ. W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE. NOVELTIES FOR 1888. rpHE FOLLOWING SPLENDID -*- NOVELTIES are my own introduc- tions for 1888, and are now offered for the first time. Sold only in Sealed Packets bearing my Trade Mark ; — AGERATUM, " ADA BOWMAN " (new). This new variety wa= rai?M at Hylands Park three years ago. It is without doubt the fiue.--t Ageratum grown for bedding purposes. It blooms in niasse.s from the time of planting out until it is cut down by the frost, and reiiuires no pegging down, as it i> only 9J inches high ; the trusses measure from 6 to 7 inches across. It is of a very effective and telling delicaie blue colour. It is a most valuable acquisition when propagated in pots m the autumn for early winter flowering. Its freedom in blooming is so pronounced that eafli pot is quite a ball of flower, and continues so to the middle of January. Per Packet, Is. M. PRIMULA SINENSIS FliVIBRiATA, *' MAGENTA UTJEEN » (new). This new variety is of very cum pact hubit of growth, very vig -rous and robust ; the leaves are of a dark green colour. The blooms nre very large, m-asuring upwards of 2i^ inch-'s in diameter ; they are of very good 6ub = 3 °* -'^ /-, b. .. m T+H v"^ ir; "^ _:o CO — ;:2 oj 3 a go ?iE t3 C3 3 O w ■^•^ a> '■S s ■*^ I .S =" ■sfela a; I -e z ^ o; " 5 I fci£ i - sW ^1 • o § 2 a 5 p - K J- S c " a •' g n S 1 (K -- .; q — <2 1 ' o; o) -f^ "r-; 0.^ hog ^O CJ . rt ca-" d (UTS -S ^ ..." ^ ™ T^ '- , - .i: &.•: TS .5 c2 • >- S5' _^ P_t3 O - H S po - = _ 1, ci u fc, - -- OOOWW ■^■^ 9 -e ^ 3 rt oj SOPlPHf H OJ OJ -^ a &**-. 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C5 02 Cl LOi to to O wCJ o c; cj Ci to to to to rfL en C; -.'j 2. "^ ^ ■ , ^eSt 3 i_- Hr; |_|Vc Cfq 2.g.S S Kg B- S*^ I. hdB--5 r OS- to tot January 7, 1888.] THE gaudenebs' chronicle. This is tlie haunt of the monkey, the seven-banded armadillo, more especially of the humming-birds, and such other forms as one associates with the tropical forest. My expeditions into the interior have naturally led me for the most part to this happy hunting-ground, and such expeditions cannot be reasonably done under two days. But the vegetation of the lower ground, unimpressive as it looks beside the high woods, has its beauties and its interests. The Cocoa-nut and other Palms, the Flamboyant tree (Poinciana), the Bread-fruit, the Mango, the Cacao, and many other forms, for the most part cultivated or escaped from cultivation, and largely introduced from other lands, mix with an indigenous flora, which certainly is not particularly taking to the eye. Whetlier from con- trast with the stately trees of the " high woods " or not, this flora of the lower ground gave me the im- pression of a general scrubby look, relieved here and there by towering Palms. The traveller appre- ciates the beauty of our northern Pine trees never so fully as when fresh from tropical scenes. It is as little my intention to attempt any detailed picturesque description of tropical vegetation as it is to give a scientific account of it. Kingsley in At Last tried to tell us of the beauties of the neighbour- ing island of Trinidad and the result, even in the case of that master, was a warning to those who feel tempted. To oscillate between a riotous excess of adjectives in all degrees, and a bare recounting of names which are Greek (and many of them bad Greek) to the ordinary reader is but poor entertain- ment. I shall therefore take my way with a lighter heart if with a lighter head as well. The narrow track leads me upward, and the journey is interrupted now and then by dismounting to examine this or that. I come at last to a bai*e grassy ridge, from which a wide view is obtained of the lower ground, the bays and headlands and the shining sea beyond. Below the south-west horizon lies the island of Tobago — Crusoe's island of fancy though as real a place in the minds of all of us as most we have set foot in. It was from these very bays on which I am now looking that the cannibal Caribs set out on those expeditions which culminated in banquets on his shore. On these very slopes are still picked up the arrow-heads and other stone weapons with which the victims were dispatched, From the brothers of these trees were hollowed out their war canoes, but the people themselves have gone, and in a fashion worthy of men with a true contempt for death. In the north of the island (as was noted in a previous article) there is a high rock (Jlonie des Sauteurs), from which well-nigh the last of the Grenada Caribs leapt into the sea when beaten by the French in an infamous war of extermination, A scattered rem- nant still survives in neighbouring lands. In Dominica, at least, a number of the Carib inhabit- ants lead a shy and remote life in the forests, rarely appearing to the faces of the white and black usurpers of their ancient possessions. There is said to be a mystery hanging over the relationships of this people, so strikingly unlike their original neighbours. Some have supposed, under the seductive influence of a hare- brained kind of comparative philology, that they are a stock akin to the Arabs, and tiiat their ancestors were drifted across by the trade winds while on a voyage on the North-AVest African coast. There has been modern demonstration of the fact of such driftings of people in boats, and Martyr mentions that at a place called Quarequa, in the gulf of Darien, Vascho Nunez met with a colony of negroes. Besides, in all probability Columbus was not " the first to cross the main," since he is said to have discovered the stern-post of a vessel on the shore of Guadeloupe. I venture to think, however, that " His stoncs'and his bones and his bows " are grave inconsistencies with this theory of Carib degeneration from an Arab people which built ships, or, at all events, such large boats as enabled them to cruise in the North Atlantic. The Caribbees (whence the names Galibis, Calibis, Caliban) were, it is stated, a powerful people on the mainland of South America, and we may rest content with that without seeking their origin farther afield. At all events this is one of tliose cases in which prophecy is more certain than history. In a few generations this formerly strong and warlike race will be buried with whatever mystery surrounds its origin. Jly route now lies downward to the coast, and on the way I pass a group of negroes' cabins. In the garden of one there is lying a child's coffin. It seems a strange custom to expose this sad object to the dangers of the wilderness. On a previous occasion I had wasted much sympathy on the sorrowing parents until I learnt from His Excellency's aide-de- camp that such coffins hold no corpse, but belong to the scarecrow family, and are designed to avert robbery ! Two boys, as black as they may be, without a scrap of clothing, dart oft' at my approach, and their playfellows, a couple of pigs, follow them under the paternal roof. Just before I reach the bay, while passing over- an open grassy field, once a cane field, no doubt, in the days when sugar-planting was carried on in the island, I note a bird very like, if not, the cowbird (Molothrus pecoris), perching on an ox, and making short flights meanwhile about its head. It appears to be feeding on the insects dis- turbed by the animal as it moves among the grass, but it may well supplement its diet by relieving the beast of parasites. There is no sign of the boat in the bay as yet, and my hopes of dredging wane with the afternoon. The steamy heat is nearly insupportable, and is alle- viated only by the malignant attacks of a cloud of mosquitos. This is the only known use of mosquitos ! They keep one from thinking exclusively o( the heat. Since they are like this in the afternoon, I try to imagine what they must be at night should any poor wretch have to sleep here. There is a legend on this coast to the eS'ect that three benighted travellers were bitten through an inverted sugar-boiler beneath which tliey had taken .shelter. In despair I begin my journey, and when well round the bay come upon a vile smelling creek, where the boat is lying with its crew fast asleep, the whole carefully hid from view. I speak to them about this. The boy mounts the horse, and we are ort'. Once outside, we are soon in the current, and rapidly making for home. They had not been asleep all the afternoon, since my diver has a few jars full of specimens. He tells me of them — using mostly his own names for each— and the depths at which they were found, in which X have never found him mistaken. He is especi.illy fascinated, however, with the scientific names of the plants and animals searched for by sea and laud, and I verily believe if he ever beget a daughter she will be called — according to the negio taste for " fine names " — Rhipilia Perl- patus White. George Afiirrai/, New or Noteworthy Plants. AIERIDES DIFFOEME, Wall. I HAVE already spoken of this rare and exceedingly striking Orcliid, with its snn-like anterior lip, as far back as 1805 {Gardeners' Chronicle, 1865, p. 698), when I had it from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. It was received later in the Hamburgh Botanic Garden, where it flowered in July, 1875. I am very sorry that I kept no records as to the colours of the flowers of those plants. Sir Trevor La\\Tence, Bart., M.P., kindly favoured me with an inflorescence in July, 1878. The flowers were yellowish-green ; the sepals and petals had some nearly parallel cin- namon stripes on the inferior halves internally. The side lacinia) of the lip are cinnamon, with similar lines on tlie greenish-yellow spur. There are some cinnamon lines at the base of the column, which is yellowisli, with a brown border to the androclinium, and a similar zone in the middle of the infrastigmatic part. Finally, M. Kegnier, 44, Avenue de Marigny, Fontenay-sous-bois, Seine, has kindly sent me a very fine inflorescence, a foot long, covered with very deeply coloured flowers. Sepals and petals yellowish-ochre, coloured with long cinnamon nearly parallel stripes, reaching to the top. Side lacinia: of the lip yellow- ish, with six to seven mauve-purple bars. Mid- lacinia reddish mauve-purple, ultimately darker reddish. Spur reddish, light. Column reddish- brown at the back, and with a similar zone trans- versersely over the centre of the infrastigmatic area. It is very pretty, and was imported, as I learn from M. Regnier, from Siam. The area of the species is very wide. I have only to repeat that I cannot distinguish Aiirides hystrix as a distinct species. Its colours, noted by Ur. (now Sir) J. D. Hooker in Sikkim, correspond very well with those of Mona. Regnier's plant. H. G. JSchh. f. Eria nicoLOR, Lindl, Jlr. S. Courtauld, Bocking Place. Braintree, has been so kind as to send me a flne specimen of this lovely plant, which was described by Dr. Lindley in 1830 from materials given him by Macrae. I had never seen a living plant before, neither have I any note about it. I learn from Mr. S. Cortauld that this flne gem (for a gem it is, as we have to inform the lovers of Cattleyas, Odontoglossums, and Cypri- pediums) is called by the English the Cingalese Lily of the Valley. This name may be explained by the inflorescence of one-sided white flowers, though the contrast between these with the white bracts and the dark purple pedicelled ovaries and rachis is far more striking than an}'thing in Convallaria majalis. At all events the comparison is not so good as that of the greenish Polystachya inflorescence with Mignonette The stem itself is rather strong, very tumid at its base, covered there with wide brown sheaths, gene- rally half a span long. There are from five to seven narrow cuneate, lanceolate, acuminate, very stiff" leaves of the stem's length, which stand nearly upright at the top. Under these stand the inflor- escences, probably usually two. Their main rachis is of a fine dark purple colour and velutinous. The triangular acuminate bracts are deflexed and snow- white. The stalked ovaries are in colouraud pubescence like the main axis. The flowers themselves are of the purest white. I can only see some purple at the sujjerior part of the column. Tlie very base of the column, with the adnate base of the lip, is filled with honey. The chin is blunt. Sepals triangular acu- minate. Petals narrower. Lip sigmoid, trifid, side lacini:c blunt, mid lacinia acute. 'There is no trace of any keels or ridges, which appear only in dried specimens. My wild specimens are from Gardner, 8601 Tliwaites, 2982 ! Dr. 'Wallace, of Colchester, sent me wild specimens, so he may have the plant, which was also collected by the late Wawra von Fernsee whom science lost so early last year. What I see in Mr. 8. Courtauld's flne specimen is not quite what Dr. Thwaites saw, who stated {Eiium. PI, Zei/l., 299). "columna labelloque ad basin plus minus rubro tinctis." There may be varieties. //. G Rchb.f. Ficus Canosi, N. E. Br., n. $p.. This is the plant that was introduced in 1875 by Mr. W. Bull, and described and distributed by him under the name of Artocarpus Canoni. There is no doubt that during the twelve years it has been in cultivation it has flowered elsewhere than at Kew ; but having recently flowered there, the Assistant- Director, Mr. Morris, at once perceived that it was not an Artocarpus, but a true Fig, and kindly placed it in my hands for identification, and having failed to recognise it as a described species, I name it as above ; and 1 may say, that had the plant in the first instance been placed in the hands of a botanist it would not have been erroneously referred to the genus Artocarpus. The plant is too well known to need much description, but it may be noted that when in a young state the leaves are more or less lobed in a pinnatifid manner ; when older the leaves are entire and ovate or ovate-oblong in outline ; in both entire and lobed leaves the apex is very acumi- nate or cuspidate-acuminate, and the base cordats 10 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Janttakt 7, ISeS. with rounded aui'icles, which often overlap or have their edges pushed upwards from their under sides being applied to each other ; both sides are sparsely and somewhat roughly hairy, but the hairs are most abundant beneath ; the margin is irregularly and obtusely sinuate-dentate, though much less marked on the entire leaves, and the lobed leaves have the tips of the lobes drawn out to a somewhat blunt point. In the axils of the basal veins on the under-surface of the leaf are seated large pallid glands. The colour of the leaf is dark bronzy-red on bronzy-green, with a purple tint, and red veins above, and entirely vinous-purple beneath. The Fig is stalked, subglobose, about half an inch in diameter, finely and densely pubescent, and of an ochreous colour, the mouth is slightly conical, and closed with purple scales ; the peduncle is about one- third of an inch long, finely pubescent, with three or four small, oblong, obtuse, pubescent, reddish-brown bracteoles placed under the Fig. The flowers in the only Fig examined by me were all female, and alter- nately pedicellate and sessile, the sessile ones usually with four, and the stalked ones with five, linear- oblong purple perianth segments. The plant is a native of the Society Islands. N. E. Brown, Herbarium, Kew. Albcca (Leptostyla) Allen^;, Bahn, n. sp* This is a fine new species of Albuca, which has just been flowered at Hildenley, and a plant sent to Kew by Sir C. W. Strickl.and. It comes from Zan- zibar, doubtless from the mountains of the interior, at the same height above sea-level, as the new Knip- hofia I described a short time ago. It is interest- ing botanically, as being just half-way between a typical Albuca and a typical Ornithogalum. The stamens are just like those of an Albuca of the sec- tion Pallastema, but the style is not at all triquetrous, nor are the inner segments of the perianth connivent or appendiculate, with a gland at the tip. In general habit and the size and colour of the flowers it closely resembles A. Wakefioldii, Baker, in Botanical Magazine, t. C42'.), which is identical with A. Elwesii, Kegel, and which comes from the same region, I have named it AUena^ at the request of Sir Charles Strickland, after the lady from whom he has received this and several other interesting plants. Bulb globose, above 2 inches diameter ; outer tnnics pale brown, produced. Leaves about six, lanceolate, flaccid, bright green, glabrous, 1 — l-l foot long, 1.^ — 2 inches broad low down, with a narrow diaphanous entire edge. Peduncle terete, green, stifiiy erect, 3—4 feet long. Inflorescence a lax narrow raceme a foot long; pedicels ascending, the lower under an incli long ; bracts small, brownish linear from a deltoid base. Perianth oblong, greenish- white, under an inch long; inner segments oblong, opening out whentlie flower expands ; outer, oblong- lanceolate. Stamens nearly as long as the segments ; filaments linear, sharply constricted above a quadrate base ; anthers oblong, yellow, versatile, one-sixth of an inch long. Ovary trigonous ; style subulate, h inch long, reaching to the tip of the segments; stigma capitate. Ovules many in a cell, superposed. J. G. Baker. Catasetcm PDLCiint'ji, X E. Brown.f The species of Catasetum are, as a rule, more Curious than beautiful, but of late MM. Linden, of Brussels (Societe anonyme, " I'Horticulture Inter- nationale "), have been the fortunate introducers of several rather striking species, notably C. tigrinum, •* Alb^ica {Leptostyla) .-l/^Wfr, Baker, n.sp.— Bnlbo globoso magno: foliia productia 6— 8 lanceolati:* flacciili.^ glabris viri- dibus pednlibus vel sesqiiipetlalibus; pedunculo valido erecto 3 — 4 pedali ; racemo laxo angasto, pedicellig n9cendentibii3 ; bracteis parvis acuminati?; perianthio albo-viridi segmentis ascendentibu^, exterioribas oblongo- lanceolatis interioribus oblongis baud coDniventibus; staminibus perianthio vii brevi- oribus, filamenti3 supra basia latam constrictia ; stylo subu- late elongato. /. G. Baker. t Catasetum ;J«7cArum.— Bulbis fusiformibus, 4—6 poll. loDgig, leviter sulcatis ; racemo paucifloro, deflexo ; sepalis petalisque ellipticis, acutis, patentibus, viridibus, rubro-bruu- neis transverse zonatis ; labello saccato npice breviter triden- tato. aurantiaco. Es icooe tantum descripsi. Habitat Brazil. E. N. Broicii. and the superb C. Bungerothii, which is the finest known member of this interesting genus. The present novelty has recently been introduced from Brazil by E. S. Rand, Esq., and sent to MM. Linden. It is a very pretty and distinct species, and one that is likely to become a desirable plant. It is of dwarfer habit than many of the species, and has short racemes which curve downwards and bear four or five flowers, which are about 1.} inch in expanse. The sepals and petals are broad, elliptic acute, and widely spreading. They are of a light green, marked with several transverse bars of a chocolate colour. The lip is saccate, with an oblong mouth, entire on the margin and shortly three-toothed at the apex. The colour is orange-yellow. It would be interest- ing to know what the other sexual forms of this species are like, though possibly they may be less ornamental tlian the form here described. [From an inspection of the drawings only.] JV. E. Brown. Forest of Dean. — Gaveller, George CuUey ; Deputy ditto, Thomas Foster Brown ; Deputy Surveyor, Sir J. Campbell ; Assistant, J Ward. BOOKS. USEFUL INFORMATION. The subjoined lists were intended for publication in the Sheet Almanac given in the present issue, but considerations of space led to their exclusion and to their publication in the present place : — GOVERXMENT OFBTCES, &c. I'liivr Council. Agricultural Department, White- hall.— Vice-President, Lord John Manners. Board of Trade, Whitehall. — Vice-President, Lord Stanley of Preston ; Secretary, H. G. Calcraft, Esq. Emigration Information Oflice, 31, Broadway, Westminster, S.W. Normal School of Science, South Kensington. — Professors, Botany, D. H. Scott; Agriculture, J. Wriglitson. Science and Art Department, South Kensington. — Secretary, Colonel Donnelly. School of Forestry (India), Cooper's Hill, Staines. — Professor of Botany, Marshall M'ard. Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues, I and '2. Whitehall Place.— Principal Clerk, John Russell Sowray. Natural History, Jluseum, Cromwell Road, S.W. — Keeper of Botany, AVm. Carruthers, F.R.S. Works and Public Buildings, 12, Whitehall Place, — First Commissioner, Right Hon. David Robert Plunket, M.F. RoviL Botanic Gardens, Kew. Director, W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.R.S., C.M.G. Assistant-Director, D. Morris, M.A., F.L.S. Keeper of Herbarium and Librarv, Professor Oliver, F.R.S. Principal Assistant, J. G. Baker, F.R.S. Mycologist, Dr. M. C. Cooke, M.A. Assistant for India, W. B. Hemsley, A.L.S. Curator of Museums, J. R. Jackson, A.L.S. Curator of Gardens. George Nicholson. Assistant Curator, William Watson. Royal Parks akd Pleasure Gardens. St. James's, Green, and Ilyde Parks. — Ranger, H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge; Superintendent of Works, William Browne. Richmond.— Ranger, H.R.H. the Duke of Cam- bridge ; Deputy ditto, Major-General T. H. Clifton ; Keeper, J. W. Jordan. Greenwich and Victoria.— Superintendent, J. T. Gibbon. Bushey. — Keeper, C. Dann. Hampton Court.— Keeper, G. T. Sawyer ; Plea- sure Gardens — Superintendent, A. Graham. Regent's. — Superintendent, C. Jordan. Battersea and Kennington. — Superintendent, A. Roger. Windsor.— Ranger, H.R.H. Prince Christian ; Deputy ditto. Captain Walter Campbell ; Bailift', John Peel. New Forest. — Official Verderer, Rt. Hon. George Sclater Booth, M.P. New Forest, Alice Holt, Bere, Parkhurst, and Woolmer. — Deputy Surveyor, Hon. Gerald \\'. Lascelles. A select List of Books useful for Young Gardeners and Amateurs : — Botanical Books. Botany, London Science Class Book. By Dr. McNab. (Longmans.) Botany for Beginners. By M. T. JIasters, F.R.S. (Bradbury, Agnew, & Co.) British Flora, Handbook of. By G. Bentham, F.R.S., (L. Reeve & Co.) Elementary Course of Botany, Henfrey. Edited by M. T. Masters, F.R.S., and'A. W. Bennett. (Van Voorst.) Lessons in Elementary Botany. By Oliver. (Mac- miUan.) Plant Life. By M. T. Masters, F.R.S. (Bradbury, Agnew, & Co.) Students' Flora of the British Isles. By Sir J. D. Hooker. (Macmillan.) Treasury of Botany. Edited by J. Lindley and T. Moore. 2 vols. (Longmans.) Cottage Gardening. Amateur Gardener's Calendar, Loudon's (F. Warns &Co.) Garden Calendar. By T. W. Sanders. (London: (Adams & Co.) Paxton's Calendar. (41, Wellington Street, Strand.) Dictionaries, &c. Alpine Flowers. By W. Robinson. (Murray.) Cassell's Popular Gardening. (Cassell & Co.) Dictionary of English Plant Names. By J. Britten and R. Holland. (Triibner & Co.) Dictionary of Gardening. (Upcot Gill, 170, Strand.) Encyclopa;dia of Plants. By Loudon. (Longmans.) English Flower Garden. By W. Robinson. (Mur- ray.) Fruit Manual. By Dr. R. Hogg. (171, Fleet Street.) Diseases. Diseases of Field and Garden Crops. By W. G. Smith. (London: Macmillan & Co.) Fohestry, Trees. &c. Arboriculture. By J. Grigor. (Edinburgh: Ed- monston & Douglas) Conifers, Manual of. (.1. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea. 1 Grafting and Budding. By C. Baltet. (London: Garden Oflice, 37, Southampton Street.) Hardy Trees, Siirubs, and Herbaceous Plants, Handbook of. By Decaisne, Naudin, and Hems- ley. (London : Longman, Green & Co.) The Forester. By J. Brown. (Edinburgh and London : W. Blackwood & Sons.) Tree Pruning. Des Cars. (Rider & Sons.) Fruit. British Apples, Apple Congress Report. (Mac- millan.) Fruit Book, the Hardy. 2 vols. By D. T. Fish. (London : Bazaar Office, 170, Strand.) Fruit Culture under Glass, Handybook of. By D. Thomson. (Edinburgh and London : W. Black & Sons.) Fruit Farming for Profit. (G. Bunyard, Maidstone.) Fruit Garden, the Miniature. By T. Rivers. (Long- mans.) Fruit Trees. By M. De Breuil. (London : Lock- wood & Co.) Orchard House. By T. Rivers. (Longmans.) Pear Congress Report. (Royal Horticultural Society.) (Macmillan.) Pine-apple, Culture of the. By D. Thomson. (Edin- burgh and London : W. Blackwood & Sons.) Strawberries. By W. Hinds. {Gardening World Office, 17, Catherine Street.) Vines and Vine Culture. A. F. Barron, Sutton Court Road, Chiswick, W. January 7, 1888.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 11 Insects. Manual of Injurious Insects. By Miss E. A. Orraerod. (London : Sivann, Sonnenschein & Co.) Landscape Gaedenino. How to Lay out a Garden. By E. Kemp. (London; Bradbui-y, Agnew, & Co.) Manures. Artificial Manures. By M. G. Ville. Translated by W. Croolves. (London: Longmans, Green & Co.) Plants, Flowers, &c. Bulbs and Bulb Culture. 2 vols. By D. T. Fish. (London : Bazaar Office, 170, Strand.) Carnations and Picotees. By E. S. Dodwell. (Groom- bridge.) Carpet-Bedding at Hampton Court. By A. Graham. (Hampton Court.) The Chrysanthemum. F. W. Burbidge. Garden Office, 37, Southampton Street, Strand.) Chrysanthemums. By Molyneux. (London: 171, Fleet Street.) Chrysanthemums. National Society's Catalogue. (E. W. Allen, Ave Maria Lane.) The Clematis as a Garden Flower. By Moore & Jackman. (Woking Nursery, Surrey: Jackman & Son.) Ferns, Select. (B. S. Williams, HoUoway.) Florists' Flowers, Hardy, their Cultivation and Management. J. Douglas. Flower Garden, The, Handybook of. By D. Thom- son. (W. Blackwood & Sons.) Gladiolus Cultivation. By Kev. H. H. D'Ombrain. (Reeve & Co.) Greenhouse and Stove Plants. By T. Baines. (J. Murray.) Greenhouse Management for Amateurs. Bv W. J. May. {Bazaar Office, 170, Strand, W.C.)' Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Flowers, Handbook of." By W. Sutherland. (W. Blackwood & Sons.) Ivy. By Shirley Hibberd. (E. W.Allen, Ave Maria Lane.) Lily of the Valley Culture. By Jannock, King's Lynn. Lilies and their Culture. By Dr. Wallace, (^few Plant and Bulb Co., Lion Walk, Colchester.) Narcissus, the, its History and Culture. By Bur- bidge and Baker. (London: Reeve & Co.) Orchid Conference Report. (lioyal Horticultural Society.) Orchid Growers' Manual. (B. S. Williams, HoUoway.) Orchidaceous Plants, Manual of. (Veitch & Sons, Chelsea.) Orchids, Cool. By F. W. Burbid^je. (Chatto & Wind us.) Orchids, their Structure, History, and Culture. Bv L. Castle. (171, Fleet Street). Piimula Conference Report. (Royal Horticultural Society.) Rose Garden. By W. Paul. ( Waltham Cross.) Roses, Book About. By Dean Hole. (Blackwood & Sons.) Roses, List of. National Society's Catalogue. By Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain, Westwell Vicarage, Ash- ford, Kent.) Roses for Amateurs. By Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain. (Gill, 170, Strand.) Tobacco Culture. By E. J. Beale. (Carter & Co., Holborn.) Willow, Cultivation of. By Scaling. (Kent & Co.) Pasture Land. Permanent and Temporary Pastures. By M. H. Sutton. (Hamilton, Adams & Co.) Vegetables, &c. Asparagiis, Culture of. By W. Earley. (Bradbury, Agnew, & Co.) Cucumbers and Melons. By W. J. May. (170, Strand, WC.) Kitchen and Market Garden. (Macmillan.) Market Gardening. London : C. W. Shaw, (37, Southampton Street.) Market-gardening, Farm. By C. Whitehead. (Effing- ham Wilson). Mushrooms for the Million. By J. Wright. {Journal of Hortioulturc Office, 171, Fleet Street, E.C.) Potatos, How to Grow. By .J. Pink (Lockwood & Co.) Vegetable Culture. By Sutton & Sons. (Hamilton, Adams & Co.) Vegetable and Fruit-farming. By C. Whitehead. (12, Hanover Square.) Vegetable Garden. By Vilmorin. (Murray.) Watercress, Culture of. By Shirley Hibberd. (4 and 5, Ave Maria Lane.) Miscellaneous. Buildings, Horticultural. By F. A. Fawkes. (Swann, Sonnenschein & Co.) Cultivated Plants, their Propagation and Improve- ment. By F. W. Burbidge. (W. Blackwood & Sons.) Floriculture, Domestic, Window Gardening and Floral Decorations. By F. W. Burbidge. (W. Blackwood &'Sons.) Garden Receipts. Edited by C. W. Quin. (Macmil- lan & Co.) Gardeners' Assistant. By R. Thompson. (Blackie & Sons.) Gardening, Epitome of. Moore and Masters. (Adam Black & Co.) Parks and Gardens of London. By N. Cole. {Journal of Horticulture Office, 171, Fleet Street.) Sub-Tropical Cultivation. By R. C. Haldane. (Black- wood & Sons.) Tropical Agriculture. By P. L. Simmonds. (Spon.) GARDENING PERIODICALS. 1787 — Botanical Magazine. Editor, Sir J. D. Hooker. Monthly. (L. Reeve & Co.) 1841 — Gardeners' Chronicle. Fridav. Editor, Dr. Masters, F.R.S. Publisher, w'. Richards, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. 1842 — Gardener's Magazine. Friday. Editor, Shirley Hibberd, Esq. Publisher, W. H. L. Collingridge, 148, 140, Aldersgate Street, E.C. 1848 -Journal of Horticulture. Thursday. Editor, Dr. Hogg, F.L.S. Publisher, E. H. Mav, 171, Fleet Street, London, E.C. 1871— The Garden. Friday. Editor, W. Robinson, F.L.S. Publisher, W. Robinson, 37, South- ampton Street, W.C. 188G— Horticultural Times, 127, Strand, W.C. 1879.— Gardening Illustrated. Editor and Publisher, W. Robinson, 37, Southampton Street, W.C. 1884 — Amateur Gardenmg. Editor, T. W. Sanders. Publishers, W. H. & L. Collingridge, 148 and 140, Aldersgate Street, E.C. Garden Work. Editor, J. Wright. Publisher, E. II. May, 171, Fleet Street, E.C. 1884— Gardening World. Editor and Publisher, B. Wynne, 17, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, AV.C. 1887— Royal Gardens, Kew, Bulletin of Miscel- laneous Information. Eyre & Spottiswoode, East Harding Street, Fleet Street, E.C. Reichenbachia, Devoted to the Illustration of Orchids. Monthly. F. Sander, St. Albans. Orchid Album. Monthly. B. S. Williams, Upper HoUoway, London, N. Rosarians' Year Book. Annually. Bemrose & Sons. Garden Annual. Garden Office, 37, Southampton Street, Strand, W.C. Garden Oracle. By Shirley Hibberd. London : Gardeners' Magazine Office, 4 and 3, Ave Maria Lane, E.C. Horticultural Directory. Journal of Horticulture Office, 171, Fleet Street, E.C. Horticultural Advertiser. Weekly. Pearson, Chil- well, Notts. Tropical Agriculturist. Ceylon. Ferguson. The American Garden. Editor, E. H. Libby. New York. American Florist, Orchard and Garden. Published by J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, New Jersey. Vick's Monthly. Publisher and Editor, J. Vick, Rochester, New l''ork. American Pomological Society's Reports. American Agriculturist, Broadway, New York. Massachusetts Horticultural Society's Reports. Boston, Mass. American publications may be obtained through Charles H. Marot, publisher, 814, Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. Austria. Wiener Illustrierte Garten Zeitung. ( Jounrnal of the Imperial Horticultural Society, Vienna.) Bavaria. Illustrierte Monatshefte fiir des Gesammt-Interessen des Gartenbaues. Editor, Max. Kolb, Munich. Belgium. Lindenia. JIM, Linden and Rodigas, Brussels. L'lllustration Horticole. M. Linden and M. Rodigas, Brussels. Revue de I'Horticulture Beige. M. Pynaert, Ghent. Bulletin d'Arboriculture. Editors, M. Pynaert and others, Ghent. France. Revue Horticole. Paris. Editors, MM. Carriere et Andre. Rue Jacob, 2G, Paris. Le Jardin. Editor, Godefroy. Publisher, A. Picard, Argenteuil. L'Orchidophile. Editor, M. Godefroy -Lebeuf, Argenteuil. Journal des Roses. Editor, M. Bernardio. Pub- lisher, M. Goin, P.aris. Journal de I'Horticulture Pratique. Paris. Lyon Horticole. Lyon. Journal de la Soci^te Nationale d'HorticnIture. Rue de Grenelle, 84, Paris. Le Moniteur d'Horticulture. Editor, M. J. Chaurc. Rue de Sevres, 14. Paris. Bi-monthly. Bulletin de la Societe d'Acclimatation de France, Paris. Germant. Gartenflora. Berlin. Editor, Professor Wittmack. (P.^ul Parey, Berlin.) Monatsschrift des Gartenbauvereins zu Darmstadt. Rosen Zeitung. Frankfort-on-the-Maine. Deutsche Gartnerzeitung. Midler, Deutsche G.-irtnerzeitung. Editor, Dr. Goeze. (Hamburg: Rittler,) Lebl Illustr. Gartenzeitung. Holland. Sempcrvirens, Gronewegen. Amsterdam. Het Xeederlandsche Tuinboublad. Editor, Dr. Cattie. Arnhem. Italt. Bulletino della Socicta Toscana d'Horticoltura. Florence. Portcgal. Jornal de llorticoltura Practica. Oporto. PRINCIPAL FOREIGN HORTICULTURAL PUBLICATIONS. America. Gardeners' Montlily. Philadelphia. Editor, Prof. Meehan. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. •■ ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM VAR. FAS- TUOSUM, A splendid variety, with deep rosy-lilac segments and a narrow tongue-shaped white lip, with a central blotch of yellow and a few purple spots. When Hartweg, and about the s.amo time Linden, dis- covered O. crispum (Alexandra;), they could have had no idea of the enormous numbers that would eventually be cultivated. Lindenia, t. 115. C.VTASETUM BUNGEROTHI VAR. AURECM. A variety with lemon-yellow flowers. This mag- nificent species must surely conquer the prejudice of amateurs, and induce them to cultivate the variety. 12 THE GJH DENE US' cbhonicle. [Jancahy 7, 18?8. For six months in the year they require next to no care, being simply hung up in a moderately warm dry position after the flowering period (October) till about the middle of March, when they are placed in a wooden basket in a compost of fibrous peat and green sphagnum, and then placed in a warm damp house, when they speedily renew their growth and sometimes show their flowers within a month. Lindmia, t. IIG. Alanthes grandiflora. A beautiful Madagascar species, with oblong leaves in two rows, and slender flower-stalks, each nearly as long as the leaves. The individual flowers are about 5 inches in longest diameter, pure white, with sepals and petals broad at the base and tapering into long tails; the Up is bent abruptly in the middle, with a di- lated basilar portion and an anterior broadly ovate lobe prolonged into a long process. The lip is provided at the base with a bluntish spur, shorter than the flower segments. Liiidciiia, t. 109. Masdevallia macbuba. A species with stalked, oblong leaves, tapering at the base, tall peduncles, nearly as long as the leaves and each bearing two flowers, each 9 — 10 inches in the longest diameter, with a short tube about three- quarters of an inch long, and three long slender tails, directed, one vertically upwards, the other two straight downwards. The colour is yellow, flushed and spotted with brown round the open throat, which latter is white. It is a native of New Granada, where it was discovered by 'Wallis, and introduced by him into M. Linden's establishment (Lindenia, t. IVi), and originally described in our columns, 1874, i., p. 240. Cattleya labiata var. autcmnalis. The autumn-flowering variety of Cattleya labiata is remarkable for the intensity of its colouring, its rarity, and the season of its flowering. The sepals are narrow and oblong, the side petals broadly ovate, obtuse, deep rose, the basal part of the lip upturned on each side, so as to form an imperfect tube, and an anterior roundish lobe of a rich purplish-crimson, with yellowish blotches on each side near the throat, and a few purplish stripes in the same place. Catt- leyas, as the Editors oi the Lindenia rightly say, justify the fancy of the am.ateurs for them, not only by reason of their dazzling beauty, but from the fact that some cue or other of them may be had in bloom almost throughout the year ; thus, in spring come those of the Trianx section, quadricolor, bogotensis, and chocoensis. These are followed by the Mossiics, then gigas, aurea, Gaskelliana, then Percivaliana. C. magnifica is not yet introduced. LiiuUnia, t. 112. Ctpripedidm To x . A hybrid between C, Argus and C, Lawrenccanum. Leaves marbled, dorsal sepal ov.ate, white with purple stripes, petals spreading, green at the base, purplish at the tips, and with deep brown hirsute spots at the edges; the lip is greenish sufl"used with purple. A coloured figure is given in the January number of the Revue de i Horticulture Beige. Notices of Books Das Pflanzenphysiologische Practicum. By Dr. W. Detmer, Professor in the University of Jena. 1887. (Physiology of Plants, &c.) Williams & Korgate. There are two points about the experimental science of the physiology of plants which should be borne in mind by those who teach it ; in the first place, the apparatus needed to demonstrate most of the fundamental phenomenon is extremely simple ; and in the second, the order in which the demonstra- tions are arranged is a matter of primary importance. It must be allowed by all readers that Dr. Detmer has at least not neglected the first of these points, for he has produced a book which is full of excellent descriptions of simple and efficient pieces of appa- ratus designed to illustrate the chief facts known about the physiology of plants, and he never forgets that his science is an e.\perimental one — a truth too much neglected in this country. With respect to the second point, however, we are not quite so fully in accord with the author. Of couise, there is always in the arrangement of a series of studies something to be put down to the individuality of the teacher ; but there is, again, much that is generally con- ceded, and we should suppose that the funda- mental idea running through a course of experimen- tal physiology should be progress from the less special to the more special phenomena. For instance. Dr. Detmer gives a chapter or section on " the for- mation of proteids in the plant," near the commence- ment of the book (p. 39) ; but the properties of proteids. and their re-actions, are not studied until we reach the middle of the work (p. 16S) ; and again, a series of very elementary studies of the pro- perties and structure of starch grains, are given at pp. 70 — 72, thougli the production of starch grains in the chlorophyll corpuscles is studied in the first section of the work. There are also several other cases of what looks to us like an inversion of the ])roper order of teaching, and we think the author has also unnecessarily entered into purely histological and anatomical details, c.g.^ the vascular bundle of Zea Mays, the structure of the endosperm of Wheat and Kicinus, &c. It seems to us that, on the one hand, the student who has not mastered these or equivalent exercises, is not properly prejiared for the study of physiology proper ; and, on the other hand, Dr. Detmer's short paragraphs on a few of these sub- jects are not calculated to replace the proper preli- minary studies. To give an outline sketch of the plan : — The work is divided into two parts. Part I. deals with the -'Physiology of Nutrition," Part II. with the " Physiology of Growth and of Irritability." Each part is further subdivided into sections, those in Part I. being devoted to (1) "The Nutritive Materials of Plants," (2) "The MolecuUr Forces of Plants," (3) " The Processes of Metabolism in the Vegetable Organism ; " those in I'art II. comprise " The Growth Movements of Plants," and " Move- ments of Irritability." Each of these five sections is then subdivided into what we may perhaps call chapters on Assimilation, the Origin of Proteids, the Ash-constituents, Organic Compounds as Nourish- ment for Plants, &c. ; and under each of these head- ings are numbered paragraphs embracing the descrip- tions of apparatus and procedure iu experiments. We have scarcely anything but unqualified praise to bestow on the individual experiments, and we need say no more as to the arrangement. A few words are called for as to the meanings of some of the titles to sections and chapters, however. What is the implication under the mysterious head- ing, "The molecular forces of plants "? We know it is a favourite German expression, but Dr. Detmer collects under this title so many and such various phenomena, that it leaves the reader in a maze of doubt as to the meaning. For instance, why is the subject of the absorption of minerals, &c., by the roots treated here, and that of the decomposition of nitrates in the plant under a totally different head- ing y Or, again, surely so far as the above title indi- cates, the absorption of gases is a subject as well qu.alitied to be honoured under it as that of the ab- sorption of water. And now a final grumble as to the literature. It would have been an intelligible position had the author assumed that there was no necessity to quote literature ; having done so here and there, however, he lays himself open to the criticism that the citations are very incomplete and partial. For instance, no mention of Dr. Francis Darwin's elegant experiments on the transpiration current occurs, though the writer gives no better method. Knight's name is referred to in connection with the centrifugal machine ; but no mention of Hales ocoui'S when treating of root-pressure, &e. Bous- singault's name is mentioned in connection with the question of the relationship of atmospheric nitrogen to plants, but Messrs. Lawes and Gilbert's magnificent results are ignored ; and although Sachs is quoted as using the lithium method for determining the rate of the transpiration current, no notice appears of McNab. We are surprised to see no mention of Elvring's experiments on the conductibility of vas- cular bundles, or of Engolmann's fascinating bac- teria test for oxygen. It will thus be seen that the book is not free from the charge of partiality, and it is at any rate in so far incomplete that no experi- ments on reproduction are given ; but, worst of all, there is no index. The print is very clear, and the woodcuts numerous, sharp, and simple, and admirably chosen ; a goodly number of the histological ones, however, are old friends to all who know Strasburger's Sotaniscke Practicum. Roses. — I — THE FOKCING OF THE MARECHAL KIEL KOSE. This fine Rose is more easily excited by heat than almost any other, hence it is the earliest of all Hoses in the open air, beating even the Gloire de Dijon by a fortnight or three weeks. Were it as thin and flimsy as Madame Falcot or Roses of that type, it would be still earlier in bloom. Our tera- ])erature in the open air is by no means exciting, but it suflices to unfold this Rose on sunny walls. Hence a range of temperature included between 50° and 65° is probably the most suitable for forcing it. The air should be dry rather than moist, and but little overhead syringing should be done early in the season. Keeping the fat buds wet is a sure recipe for disfiguring their crown or rotting their base. In bright weather a mere dewing over in the early morning and about 4 o'clock in the after- noon may be indulged in, but any overhead sprinkling beyond this should be avoided. Overwatering at the roots should also be guarded against, as well as the opposite extreme of excessive dryness. Immediately after the blooming, too, when the fresh breaks are rushing forth, or current ones, relieved of the strain of the flowers, are being plumped up into vigorous maturity, the roots also need to be liberally supplied with food and drink, but during the blossoming a moderate water and food supply proves the most successful, and results in the fullest crop of the most perfect flowers. A free circulation of air is also one of the most vital conditions of success. At all times, when the external air exceeds 45° or 50°, the air may be admitted with tolerable freedom. During colder weather, a free circulation of the internal air of the Rose-house should be promoted by every available means, such as unequal distri- bution of heating surface, underground drains, dividing screens, and other causes of motion. That the air should be kept in motion is almost as essential to the full development of colour, as that the plants should be fully exposed to direct sun- light. And two of the most substantial benefits resulting from the forcing of the Marechal Niel Rose on roof trellises are, that the plants are at once subjected to the maximum intensity of solar light and the maximum forces of atmospheric air in vigorous motion. And these two combined result in a vigour, finish, and intense glow of colour com- paratively seldom reached in the open air. Of course thei-e are exceptions. Marechal Niel may be hurried out of character or form by excessive heat, and the brilliant gold matured or blanched down into pale straw colour by excess of food or a paucity of light ; but such samples are spoilt in the process of development, and are by no means fair illustrations of good forcing. It may also be added, as a warning against coddling treatment or any excess of heat, that the most brilliantly coloured and altogether most perfect Marechal Niel Roses ever seen by the writer were grown in an unheated house, very openly glazed, in which any excess of heat was a physical impossibility. But this testimony to cool treatment reads rather like a bull in an article on the forcing of the Marechal Niel Rose ; I will therefore hasten to conclude with a few re- Janoary 7, 1888.] THE GABDENEBS' GHEONIGLE. 13 marks on the forcing of the Mar^chal Niel in pots. Tliis has developed into almost a new form of Rose growing in pots. Visitors to nurseries have long been familiar with the requirements of pot- Vines, many thousand battalions strong, that fill perfect glass villages of pots and houses in many nursery gardens. These are struck from eyes early in the spring, and rushed up as rapidly and robustly as possible throughout the season to a height of from 6 to 10 feet high. No expense of time, labour, skill, manure, space, is spared to develope and mature these long Vine-rods ; and all this is done to such good purpose that the canes of the cur- rent year are able to carry from four to si.K good bunches of Grapes to perfect maturity ; the next after that, as a rule, the plants are thrown away. Now by substituting Marc'chal Niel Rose for the Grape but rather that of growing and blooming maiden plants only once. These one-shooted, highly portable plants, grown in 10 or 12-inch or larger pots, are also admirably adapted for subjection to bottom-heat, which proves a most useful stimulus to the forcing of Mare- chal Niel Roses, if not carried greatly beyond a temperature of 65° — 70°. Plunged into fermenting materials, such as leaves and farmyard manure con- siderably ameliorated and sweetened down, it is astonishing how the roots run into new growth, and are quickened into almost unnatural activity and vigour. This speedily reacts on the tops, and one can almost see the Vine-stemmed Roses burst into leafage and bloom under such stimulating treatment. The plants have been formed on the principle of as much flowering force as possible within the smallest of their plants, but rather to prevent any from despair- ing. But the Marechal Niel well forced or grown under glass, or in the open either, is so magnificent, that no effort, nor skill, nor attention can be deemed exces- sive to produce it in perfection. Those Vine-stemmed plants, so admirably adapted for forcing, are equally useful for the furnishing of walls with flowering plants on the instant in situations where, from various causes, such as lack of depth, or mass, or suitability of root-runs, the plants cannot be per- manently grown where wanted to blooip. By plunging the pots, mulching them with manure, feeding them with liquid-manure made from soot and guano in equal parts, such plants will furnish any bare building with a magnificent golden harvest without further preparation or trouble. They would do better still if turned out of the pots into a nice bed of rich Fia. 1. — STACHTS TUDEniFERA : A CHIN'ESF. EDIBLE TUDER. (SEE P. 10.) Vine this system of propagation and treatment describes exactly the newest and most improved system of forcing the Marechal Niel Rose in pots. Thousands and tens of thousands of this Rose are thus propagated either from eyes or worked on rootstocks, grown on, matured, flowered, and afterwards thrown away or planted out for general furnishing. These long Canes may be trained up roof trellises of houses or pits, or grown on stages or floors of light and airy houses, forced into bloom throughout the whole or a portion of their length as is most conve- nient or most profitable. So far as their forcing is concerned, they are treated as annuals, and done away with so soon as their first harvest of flowers is gathered. By cutting back at once near to the base of the scion or rootstock, a second flowering shoot might be produced lor the following season ; but this is not the course recommended here and now, possible area and the least time, and they respond with showers of gold, while those grown on less intense and concentrated methods have hardly broken into their first leaflets. All this, however, must not be allowed to convey the impression that no considerable success in forcing the Marechal is possible on more ordinary modes of culture. On the contrary, no variety of Rose will yield better results with less care. Hence standards on the Brier, dwarfs, or pyramids, or bushes on their own roots and on various stocks, will yield good harvests of bloom in pots under glass. The writer has seen starved looking and stunted Marechals, and in one special case a venerable scrambling weeping bush yield a magnificent liarvest of bloom in a vinery, put under n dense canopy of Vines — about tlie most unsuitable place possible. This is not recorded for the sake of making cultivators careless or indifferent about the charncter or strength compost or manure. By sucli means those who can command a moderate sum of money may post Marechal Niel on bare walls, balconies, against our houses or offices, in streets, and the most unlikely and impossible places, and yet cut golden Koses in quantity and of creditable quality. The cost of maiden plants annually will be as nothing, and the pleasure of seeing their beauty and sharing their sweetness, when all else is luird. utilitarian, bald, and bare, if not absolutely vile, is very great. Eesa. Gardening under Difficulties.— The Super- intendent of the gard.Mi of llis Highness the Mahar- ana of Oodeypore (Central India), reports thnt a largo number of shrubs and trees have been ''com- pletely destroyed by a large gang of black- fac(d monkeys through wanton mischief." The Superin- tendent further reports that he is " glad to hear that the chief of the gang was captured and trans- portod to Chittorc, 14 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januaky 7, 1888. Plant Notes. OXERA PULCHELLA. Amongst the many rare and beautiful plants in Sii George McLeay's collection, the above stanils ont conspicuous. At the time of ray visit (December 28) this plant was coming into bloom, and when more generally known will become a favourite with lovers of handsome climbing plants. It is of easy culture, requiring the temperature of the stove or intermediate-house, it grows freely in a mixture of loam and sand, with a little peat and charcoal added and is readily propagated from cut- tings. It is a native of New Caledonia. The flowers are nearly white, and are produced in profusion. The plant was figured in the Botcuikal Magaziiw, t. C938, where we are told that the genus is closely allied to Clerodendron, of the climbing species of which it has the habit, also in its flowers when in a bud state; in fact, when we first saw it in that stage it looked remarkably like C. Balfouri, but it difters in having only two stamens, and a deeply divided drupe. W. B. TULIPA AnSTRALIS. A yellow-flowered species suitable for rockwork. It is known also as T. Celsiana and T. Breyniana {^Botanical Maga~inc, t. 717). It is very like T. sil- vestris, which in this country has the defect of not opening well. T. australis is figured in the Garden for December 17. Theophrasta Jussi.ei. Some weeks ago there was an article in the Gardeners' Chronicle relating to this plant by Mr. Nicholson, of the Koyal Gardens, Kew, stating on my authority that the plant at Kew was the only one known to be in this country, or even in Europe. I formed this opinion on many years' corre- spondence with curators and nurserymen, both in this country and on the Continent, and on my never having seen the name in any garden or nurseryman's catalogue; but in this I find 1 am mistaken, for in reply to Mr. Nicholson's notice, Mr. Burbidge, of the College Botanic Garden, Dublin, says it is not such a rare plant as Mr. Nicholson states, as there is a plant in the College Botanic Garden, one at Glas- nevin, and one he has heard of at Cork, I begin first with the history of the Kew plant, which is this, as told by Mr. Lambert, who was a great intro- ducer of rare plants towards the end of the last and early years of the present century : — In 1818 it was sent to him by Dr. Hamilton from San Domingo, and for care it was placed in the nursery of Mr. Colville, King's Koad, Chelsea, whose property it ultimately became. On the breaking up of that nursery in 1834 the plants were disposed of by public sale, and I was instructed by Mr. Alton (then Director of the Royal Gardens) to endeavour to purchase certain rare plants for Kew. This I did, Theophrasta Jussiaji being one which was knocked down to me for £4, being the highest price realised for a single plant at the sale ; it was then about 3 feet high — a single-stemmed plant, with a crown of Holly-like leaves. It has now, Mr. Nicholson informs me, a clear stem of 12 feet, thus showing that its rate of growth is about 2 inches in a year, which is verified by the spaces between the scar marks of the rings of fallen leaves. With regard to the size of the Irish plants Mr. Burbidge informs me that the plant in the College garden is 5 feet 10 inches high ; he does not give the height of the clear stem, but we presume it to be about i^ feet; to attain this at the same rate of growth as the Kew plant it must have been a young plant about the year 1860. With regard to the Glasnevin plant, it is said to have a clear stem of 4 feet 9 inches ; which at the same rate of growth shows that these two plants must have been received at the respective gardens about the same time, but neither Mr. Moore nor Mr. Burbidge can give any historical account of their introduction ; but this is not all, for Mr. Moore informs ine (hat about twenty years ago there was a fine plant of Theo- phrasta Jussixi in the Glasnevin Garden about 1.5 feet high, but contingent on its removal to a larger house, which did not suit it, it died. To have been 15 feet higli twenty years ago (say 1866), with the same rate of growth as the Kew plant, its intro- duction must have been at the end of the last century — if then introduced as a young plant. I have now to speak of a distinct plant which for several years bore the name of Theophrasta Jus- siaii in gardens. In 1819 Dr. Wallich sent from the Calcutta Garden a case of living plants to the Edin- burgh Botanic Garden ; in it tliere was a pretty plant about 6 inches high, with Holly-like leaves ; it was not named. On my coming to Kew I found that he had sent plants here, which had been propa- gated, and bore the name of Theophrasta Jussitei. I presume that it received this name on account of its likeness to the plant of Theophrasta in Colville's nursery, and it was considered a plant of fame, and worthy of being stolen. It, however, lost its fame consequent on its having flowered in the Comtesse des Vandes' garden at Bayswater, when Dr. Lindley figured and described the plant in the Botanwal liegister as a new genus under tlie name of Brexia madagascariensis, being the type of a small family, BrexiacCK. My reason for inserting this in the Gardeners' Chronicle is to bring it to the notice of your readers, in hopes that one of them may be able to throw some light on the introduction of the plants of Theo- phrasta in the Irish gardens, as also on the plant seen by Mr. Watson in the Rotterdam Garden, which, he says, is equal to the Kew plant in height. J. Smith, Ex- Curator, Royal Gardens, Kem, "Bolda" (Boldoa fracsbans). A plant of this interesting shrub is now in flower in the cool Economic-house at Kew. The leaves are Ik inch long, ovate, deep green, and almost stalkless ; they are also very aromatic when bruised, the odour being something like that of the Allspice tree. The flowers are in small terminal racemes on the small twiggy branches, and they may be compared to bunches of May blossoms. Each flower is composed of a row of white strap-shaped, twisted petals, a quarter of an inch long, and the centre is occupied by a cluster of stamens with yellow anthers, the plant under notice being a male. The economic value of this plant is chiefly in the medicinal pro- perty of its leaves, which are used against indiges- tion. The bark also is useful for tanning, and the fruits, which are about the size of Haws, are eaten ia Chili, where this species is a native. In the Genera Plantarum this plant is placed under the genus Peumus. It is figured in the Botanical Beqister, 1845, t. 57. IV. IIOYA BELLA. This is one of our neatest stove plants, but seldom seen in collections. It is an excellent subject for baskets, and is equally well grown as a plant trained as a balloon, a pyramid, or as a climber — a damp wall in the stove is well adapted ; the beautiful corymbs of small waxy flowers possessing a pleasing efl'ect in such a position. Cuttings taken off in late spring, put in a pot containing a compost of one part silver sand, the other fine broken peat, and placed in a handlight on a brisk bottom-heat, will strike readily. G. H., Merton. Colonial Notes. THE BANANA TKADE. TRINIDAD. Mr. Hart, Superintendent of tlie Royal Botanic Gardens, Trinidad, has published a pamphlet advo- cating the culture of Bananas in that island for the New York market. Mr. Hart shows that the scheme is quite feasible, aud that the variety to be grown is that known as Gros Michel. Jamaica in 1885 ex- ported Bananas to the amount of £130,000, an amount still increasing ; and there is no reason, accord- ing to Mr. Hart, why Trinidad should not share in the spoil. Mr. Hart looks to the United States to take as many Bananas as can be j^rown. and reads his fellow-countrymen a lesson in the following terms : — " Throughout the American continent we find a readiness to adopt to certain uses whatever comes to hand which we do not find in older countries with more lengthy traditions. The Englishman, whether he calls himself Conservative, Liberal, Radical, or even Home-Kuler, is, and cannot help being, when at home, in most of his actions nothing else but a Con- servative, and hence his general unwillingness to adopt new ideas and take up food-sources as quickly as the American. For these reasons it is doubtful, even if the difficulty of transit were overcome, whether the trade would prosper to the same ex- tent and with the same rapidity as it has done in America." While in the main we agree with Mr. Hart, nevertheless we believe that if the Trinidad planters could supply our markets with some of the finest flavoured varieties in place of the mawkish things we get now, there would spring up a demand even in conservative Britain. Many people also are unaware how greatly even ordinary Bananas are improved by stewing with syrup. Montreal. The twelfth annual report of the Montreal Horti- cultural Society has been published. It contains the reports of the practical discussions on fruits, which are so valuable a feature in Transatlantic societies. In the course of these. Mr. Gibbs alluded to the Russian varieties of Apple tried in Canada. Mr. Penhallow reports on the spot in Apple due to the fungus Fusicladium and other observers narrate their experiences in cultivation. Mr. Stevenson and Mr. Starr speak with pride, as well they may, of the magnificent display of fruit and other Canadian products at the Colonial Exhibition, and give some good advice as to marketing, packing and shipping only the best fruit. A translation of Dr. Albert Kegel's paper on the fruits of Turkestan is also given. Some of the Central Asiatic Vines are distinguished for early ripening; thus, in Tashkend, the Grapes ripen in June, in Darvas at the end of July. These Grapes would be worth experimenting on could they be obtained, either for cross-breeding or graft- ing. Apricots, Cherries, Peaches, and Nectarines, are very abundant, and of excellent quality. Melons are abundant, but the ievf that have been tried in this country are of indifferent flavour. Halifax, Nova Scotia. Dr. Lawson reports that the Apple crop in Anna- polis and Cornwallis is this year deficient in quantity. Potatos also are deficient and of bad quality from tlie long drought. In the United States also the Potato crop is deficient. Natal Botanic Gardens. AVhite ants are no respecters even of Eucalypti. Mr. Medley AVood records in his annual report for 1886, which has only now reached us, that out of fifty-eight plants belonging to twenty-two species only eighteen plants remain. Roses have not been molested, but the immunity has only been obtained by growing the Roses in tubs placed upon inverted glass bottles. The wooden seats in the garden also offer irresistible temptations to the ants. Plants and Their Culture. As we have now entered on another year, possibly no more fitting time than the present will be found in which to take a brief retrospect of our experi- ences in the culture of plants under glass during the year which has just ended. In doing so, notwith- standing the success with which many of our efforts were crowned, some of us will, unfortunately, have to chronicle some failures more or less, and this, too, in spite of well laid plans and much consideration ; but having noted the probable cause, it should be our aim this season to convert at least some of them into successes. It sometimes seems rather puzzling why a cultivator should succeed with a particular plant, when his, it may be almost next-door neigh- bour, attains but a very meagre degree of success ; and this, too, after the most careful and unremitting attention on his part. Clearly there are some circum- stances or conditions to which the plant cannot adapt itself. Now whether it be the comparative absence or excess of heat, light, moisture, or ventilation, this the cultivator ought to strive to find out. Old and experienced hands can very often tell from the general appearances of a plant what kind of treat- ment is likely to suit it ; they know that a plant which January 7, 1888.] THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 15 has leathery sliining leaves will withstaml a great amount of light, the same of thick fleshy leaves ; besides, they would not suffer so much from any temporary want of water as would a plant with thin soft leaves, with very little stock of reserve materials to fall back on ; or, again, gardeners would not heavily syringe liairy or woolly-leaved plants. These indica- tions also afford a pretty good idea as to the plants' requirements in regard to water and atmospheric conditions. Of course in a glasshouse it is rather difficult to reproduce in our artificial way the con- ditions under which tropical plants luxuriate in their native habitats, yet the nearer we approach to natural conditions the more likely we are to succeed ; there- fore, in the culture of plants under glass, it is well to take into consideration the conditions under which they were found growing in their original home, and adopt them as a basis for our cultural operations, and, all other things being equal, success will follow. To attain to any degree of excellence in growing plants cleanliness must prevail, for when they become infested with insects it is vain to look for satifactory results. Perhaps no more favourable time can be found than the present in which to give the plants and houses a general overhaul, and doing so at this season of the year has several advantages ; inas- much as in the majority of cases there is less pres- sure of work than later in the season, so that the work can be done in a systematic manner ; moreover, the leaves of many kinds of plants are in a matured state, and therefore less likely to be injured in the work of cleaning. In the case of deciduous plants cleaning at this time of the year is rendered compa- ratively sure and easy. Again, many plants are par- tially cut back at this time, while others may be more or less thinned out, such as many of the climbers. If this kind of work is to be effectual no half measures are of any use — every plant and every part of the house must be seen to. It is best to begin by wash- ing the house, first with warm water in which a little soft-soap — or, better still, Calvert's 10 per cent, car- bolic soft-soap — has been dissolved, movingthe plants to one side as the washing proceeds, so that when you get to the end of the house there will be a small space clear of plants. This space ought next to be thoroughly cleaned, including the shingle or other material which may be used for covering the stages or tables. Next see that the plants are clean before they are put back into their places. Having tried many insecticides it is but fair to say that I found most of them do all that they claimed to do, that is, if they are applied according to the directions given with them ; but of recent years I have all but given them up, relying chiefly on ckan water, which I flnd, if applied with sufficient force and persistence, is by far the least injurious, and most eff'ective of all the insecticides I have tried. Allamandas.—i:Yie present is a good time to prune back large plants which have been resting during the winter, and if they are growing in large tubs or pots, it may not be necessary to repot them if the drain- age be good, for although they require a liberal allowance of water when growing, it must not become stagnant in the soil, or the bad effects will soon become apparent by the leaves beginning to droop and turn yellow. It they are not to be potted, scrape off' as much as possible of the soil from the surface, and top-dress with manure — either well- rotted yard-manure, or some of the prepared fertilisers. Those which require potting had better be left until they break away, after being pruned. A moderately stiff loam, with sufficient sand to keep it porous, a small quantity of leaf soil, and a pinch of some concentrated manure is a wil which will afford good results. Do not give peat if it can be avoided. AUamandas enjoy a high temperature — 75° at night, and full exposure to the sun. II the space at command is limited, and larger specimens cannot be accommodated, take pieces of the ripened wood, about three joints long — or the points of the shoots may be taken — insert them at once singly in small pots, and place in the propagating frame or house ; if all goes well they will root in about a month, then gradually inure them to the atmosphere of the house. Shift them into 4-inch, and later into 6 or 7-inch pots, using the soil recommended above. Do not let more than two or three shoots develope, and usually once pinching will be found sufficient : those cuttings from the ripened wood rarely require any pinching. Grown on in this way, with plenty of heat and full exposure to the sun, they begin to flower, when about 3 feet high, generally in June (that is, if the cuttings are put in at once), and continue flowering up to Christmas, if occasionally supplied with liquid manure or top-dressed. In potting, make the soil quite firm, indeed they can hardly be too firmly potted. The chief advantages of this system are, th,at large quantitities of this charming flower may be produced without being encumbered with large plants or having large houses. The best species for this purpose are A. cathartica, light yellow, with a rather small undulated limb to the corolla ; A. nobilis, a fine large flower, yellow, rather darker shaded in the throat ; A. Schottii, a magnificent species, also with yellow flowers, but the throat is beautifully marked with brown ; A. grandi- flora is a very fine species, and which apparently does best when grafted on some of the stronger growing sorts. F. Boss, Pendell Court Gardens, Bletchingly. The Hardy Fruit Garden. Prunixg. — The remainder of the pruning of all kinds of fruit trees should be hastened on every favourable opportunity, so as to bring it to a close as soon as possible. Nailing and Training. — The same remark also applies to the nailing and training of wall trees, which should be proceeded with without delay, beginning with Plums and Pears first, following with Morello Cherries, red and white Currants (when grown on walls), and Apricots, leaving the Peach and Nectarine trees till last. Here we always make a point of having Apricot trees nailed as early as possible, so that the trees can be protected should severe weather set in, the buds being liable to injury after the early part of January. Three- fourths of the buds on the Apricot trees were killed here two years ago in the early part of that month. After Morello Cherries are nailed the trees and walls should be subjected to a good washing of soapy water, forcibly applied by means of the garden engine or syringe, choosing a mild morning for the operation. Matiurifig. — Cordon, pyramid, and bush Pears on the Quince, and Apples on the Paradise stock, which bore heavy crops last season, will be greatly benefited by a good mulching of half-rotten manure. Strawberry borders and beds that have been made a considerable time may, after being hoed and cleared of weeds, receive a liberal dressing of manure placed between the rows, which should be spread but should not be dug in. as by so doing a great number of the roots near the surface are destroyed. Raspberries and black Currants should also receive a good dressing of manure, old hotbed material being a capital dressing for Raspberries, and for black Carrants nothing is better than long stable manure. Insects. — Now is a good time for dressing with petroleum emulsion any Pear trees infested with scale. To make the latter, put 1 pint of petroleum in a bucket, over which pour 3 pints of boiling water, then take a syringe, and by its forcible use mix the two ingredients together for about ten minutes. The liquid will then have the appearance of cream, and should be allowed to cool before being used. This, if carefully applied to the stem and branches, with a brush, taking care not to touch the buds, is the most efficacious remedy that I know of for scale. It is also equally useful for dressing Apple trees infested with American blight, but on no account should it be used unless the trees are quite at rest. A. Ward, Stoke Edith Gardens, Hereford. Fruits Under Glass. The Pinery. — Fruiters. — Pines which are swelling off' their fruit must not receive too much water at the root, else they are liable to turn black in the centre. Maintain a moist growing atmosphere by sprinkling the paths and surface of the bed. Do not syringe the plants if you would avoid too large a development of crown.' In mild weather the night temperature may ranee to ~0°, and in the case of hard frost and wind to 65°. Where early Pines are a desideratum no time should now be lost in getting a few Queens on the way ; but before starting them thoroughly clean and paint, if necessary, a division of the Pine-stove for their reception, and if the bottom-heatbe dependent upon tan or leaves, it will be necessary to add some fresh material to produce the requisite degree of bottom-heat ; but where hot-water pipes are in use this will not be necessary. The best plan is to plunge empty pots the same size as the plants occupy, this will allow of the plunging material being made of more uniform firmness and ensure a more level surface ; there is less likelihood of the leaves of the plants sustaining injury, all that is neces- sary being the removal of the pot and the substitution of the one containing the plant. In making a selec- tion from the stock of Queens, choose those which matured their growth early, which are thickest at the collar, open in the centre, and have the greatest number of short leaves. These are the likeliest to show fruit without making growth. Remove a little of the old soil from the top of the ball and replace with loam containing a moderate dash of soot and Thomson's Vine Manure, ramming the soil moderately firm ; give a good watering with clear water at a tem- perature of 85°, sufficient to moisten the whole ball ; let the bottom-heat be kept as near 85° as possible '. if it e.xceeds 95°, the pots should be shaken to allow the surplus heat to escape at the side of the pot. The day temperature should be 70° in mild weather ; when it reaches 75° with sun, a little air should be admitted : during cold stormy weather 5° less will be better. Avoid syringing the plants overhead, as all the water runs down the leaves into the centre of the plant. Sprinkle the paths, walls, and surface of the beds with a fine rose, and by preference use the evaporating troughs. The night temperature should be 65° in mild and 60° in stormy weather. Succession Plants should be kept quiet for the pre- sent, 55° top and 75° bottom ; and when hard firing becomes requisite, the plants may require watering — this should not be done indiscriminately, but each plant should be first examined. Suckers which have well filled their pots with roots must be guarded against over-dryness at the root, else they are almost certain to " bolt " when a rise of temperature is afforded them. W. M. Baillir, Luton Hoo, The Kitchen Garden, With the beginning of another year come the various seed catalogues, and upon the way in which the order for seeds is made out a great part of the success of the crops, &c., will depend, preference being given to approved kinds. Novelties when they appear in the lists should be dealt with in small quantities only at first, proving their merit or other- wise before sowing or planting much of them ; the want of caution in this way having sometimes un- pleasant results, the following selection can be relied on: — Broad Beans; Johnson's Wonderful. French Beans : Sir J. Paxton and Canadian Wonder. Bunner Bean : Champion Scarlet. Beet : Prag- nell's Exhibition, Dell's Crimson. Broccoli : Veitch's Self-protecting Autumn, Snow's Winter, Adamsj Early, Leamington, Carter's Champion, Victoria. Brussels Srouts: Exhibition and Imported. Cauli- flower : Early London, Asiatic, Eclipse, Autumn Giant. Cabbage: Ellara's Early, Mein's No. 1, Enfield Market. Chou de Burghley. Carrot : Scarlet Horn, Early Nantes, Matchless Scarlet. Celery : Sandringham White, Major Clarke's lied. Cucum- ber : Kollison's Telegraph Improved. Leek : The Lyons. Cabbage Lettuce : Paris Market, Perfect Gem. Cos Lettuce: Alexandra White, Paris White, Bath Cos. Onion : White Spanish, Heading, James Keeping. Globe Tripoli, Zittauer, Danver's Yellow. Peas: Laxton's Earliest of All, Marvel, British Queen, Ne Plus Ultra, Walker's Perpetual, Sturdy. Parsnip: Student. Savoy: Universal. Turnip: Extra Early Milan, Early Snowball, Veitch's Red Globe, Chirk Castle. Tomato: President Cleveland, Gilbert's Surpasse, Trophy. When reliance can be placed on the stocks of the above-named varieties of vegetable seeds, preference should be given them over ordinary varieties, as better produce may thus be obtained, and especially is this noticeable in Onions and some other root crops. General Work. — As crops get cleared off the ground take advantage of frosty days to get manure wheeled on to the vacant quarter and spread it at once. Give Asparagus beds a good dressing of well rotted manure— from the cowyard if possible ; look over stores of roots and remove all that are decaying ; attend to Seakale and Rhubarb for forcing, and get succession lots covered up as may be required. Veitchs' Self-protecting Broccoli should now be turning in, and it will be advisable to take up any that are showing heads, placing them in a pit or other place of protection. Give plenty of air on all favourable occasions to Cauliflowers and Lettuce in frames and under hand-glasses : and dust occasion- ttllv the soil with lime and soot if slugs are trouble- some. W. H. Divers, Ketlon Hall, 16 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januadv 7, 18f8. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, wider no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper be yuaran' teed for adcertisements occupying less space than an entire column. SUBSCRIBERS TO 'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE -* who e.rperience any difficulty in ohtaininy their Copies reyularly, are particularly requested to communicate with the Publisher fin cases of delay in the delieery by post, the coeer should be forxuarded with complaint ), IV. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENEKS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS. NOTICE to Correspondents, Adcertisers, Sub- scribers and others. The Registered Address for Foreigyi and Inland Telegrams is " GARDCIIRON, LONDON." APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MONDAY, TUESDAY. THURSDAY. SATURDAY. MEETINGS. 9— Chambre Syiidicule of Gheut. ^ Royal Horticultural Society ; Scien- tific. Fruit, and Floral Commit- tees; also Special General Meet- ing. Jan. 12— Edinburgh Botanic Society. Tiv 1 i ( Royal Botanic Society, Regent's JA>. i-i-^ Pj^j.j., General Meeting. Jan. Jan. 10 SHOW. WEDNESDAY. Jan, i National Chrysantln*mum Society; IW Mid-winter Exhibition at We^t- I minster (two days), SALES. MONDAY. Jan. Q ( Importations of Lilies, &c., "i Japan, at Steven.s' Rooms. from WEDNESDAY, Jan. U < Lili THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, Roseg. Fruit Trees, Shrubs. Border Plants, Bulbs, Sec, at Stevens' Rooms. Lilium auratum and L. Krameri. Roses, &c.,at Protlieroe & Morris' ' Rooms. J ,.j ( Importationsof Orchids from Mr. F, ■ ■ "1 Sander, at Steyena' Rooms. Jan ,Q 1 Imported and Established Orchid-t. "i at Protheroe & Morris" Rooms. (« (R03e5, Fruit Tree.s. Shrubs, Border Plants. Bulbs, Sec. at Stevens' Jan. M ^ Rooms. i Lilies. Roses, and other Plants, at V Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. It rarely falls to our lot to have VeeetaLle *° cbronicle the introduction of an absolutely new vegetable. New Peas — literally as like Peas from the same pod — new Potatos, new Cabbages, Tomatos, Onions — these there are by the score. Only a few of them, however, stand the trial of the test at Chiswick, where the synonyms imposed by gar- deners and seedsmen are as ruthlessly cut down and referred to their proper places as are the like double names by the systematic botanist in preparing a monograph. But now we have really a novelty to lay before our readers, and it is one which we venture to think is far from unpromising. The tubers which we figure at lig. 1, p. 1.3, were exhibited at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, on December 13 last, by Mr. Haskin'gs, gardener to Sir II. Thompson, Hurstside, AVest Moulsey, and were obligingly communicated to us for the purpose of illustration. The plant producing these tubers is a Labiate, and is said to be a species of Stachys, allied to the Woundwort of our hedges, but without the disagreeable odour ; but as we have not seen flowers or seed-vessels, we do not know whether this is correct or not. At any rate, the plant goes for the present under the name of Stachys tuberifera, our excellent correspondent, M. Nau- DIN, having bestowed this name upon it, to replace that of Stachys affinis, which is quite a different plant. Our first knowledge of this vegetable was derived from a notice in the Revue Horticole, 1885, p. 236. According to this, the plant was introduced from China to the Societt? d'Acclima- tation of Paris by Dr. Bretschneider, Physician to the llussian Embassy at Pekin. M. Naldi.v, however, in his recently published Manuel de FAcclimuteur (1887), p. .")07, speak.s of it as coming fromJapan, and probably also from China. I'ossibly it may Ije the same as Stachys Sieboldi, which we learn is cultivated in .Japan under the name of '' Chorogi," but of this we have no means of judging. Its culture in France is due to M. Paillieux, who now grows it on a large scale for the Paris market, where it is known under the name of Crosnes, from the locality in which it is cultivated. As will be seen from our illustration, the tubers, are borne at the ends of underground branches, or stolons, exactly as in the Potato. The tuber in this case is, in fact, the thickened extremity of an underground branch, and it is marked by buds, or eyes, at the nodes, as in the Potato. Those who know the Fir-apple, or Asparagus- Potato, will recognise the similarity between that variety and the new-comer. These tubers are produced in great profusion, and though at present of small .size, are doubtless capable of enlargement at the hands of the gardener, espe- cially if seedling varieties can be obtained. Unlike the Potato, these tubers have a bud at the end of the tuber (terminal), and this curves up- ward to form the new shoot ; hence the propaga- tion of the plant is easily effected, and as each tuber consists of several internodes — that is, has several buds or eyes — we have'no doubt whatever that they may be propagated by sets or cut tubers, as in the Potato. The plant is alleged to be perfectly hardy and of the easiest possible culture. It will grow any- where, on any ordinary soil, but like other plants it will no doubt repay a little attention in the way of trenching and manuring. Its defects at present are its small size, and the fact that the tubers do not keep well when lifted ; but both these defects can be overcome or evaded. In point of flavour we have heard it compared to Salsafy, Jerusalem Artichokes, and to boiled Chestnuts. Our own taste would lead us to con- sider it as most nearly allied in point of flavour to the latter. M. CARRiisRE publishes the fol- lowing analysis, which shows that the plant is a valuable food agent : — starch Albumen : \_ (including 0-69 N.J t Fatty matters Wootly matters and cellulose Mineral matters : ( (including 0'2:^ phosphoric aeid) ( Water 17S0 4-31 ()■.» i-;m 1-81 74'19 M. CARBiiiiiE, while admitting that the diffi- culty of preserving the tubers militates against them as a market-garden crop, points out that it is well suited for the domestic kitchen garden, where the tubers can be lifted in late autumn or winter and eaten in a fresh state, either boiled, fried like Salsafy, made into sauce, or cooked in a dozen other ways that any cook — especially a French one — will devise. The microscopic examination that we have been able to make does not reveal so large a pro- portion of solid starch as the chemical analysis would lead us to expect. Probably the amyla- ceous element exists in some other form than starch, as is the case in the Jerusalem Artichoke. The mass of the tuber consists of polygonal cells, with thickened corners, minute granules perhaps of inulin, a few oil globules, large gra- nular nuclei, and very bright nucleoli. Pitted vessels, sieve-tubes, and other elements of a modified stem-structure, are clearly apparent. We believe that this new vegetable will make its way, not perhaps as a staple article of food — its tubers are too small for that — but as a very acceptable change on the tables of the con- noisseur. Its complete hardiness and easy cultivation will, we should also expect, cause it to be con- sidered a luxury by the poor. Although the past year has not 'of'l887 "" '^®®" marked by the introduction of any such wonderful things aa Vanda Sanderiana, and a few others which the collectors' enterprise has recently introduced to us, there is evidence that the importer as well as the hybridist has been busily engaged, and that, too, with considerable success. The summer- flowering Begonias of Laing and Cannei.l have given us many improvements with single and double, and the Messrs. Veitch in their new race of Begonias of the " John Heal " type bid fair to give us much of the beauty of the sununer flowering kinds on autumn and winter flowering plants. The Dahlia still meets the approbation of the Floral Committees, more especially in the single, decorative, and Cactus formed classes; and the Chrysanthemum is likely to become the popular flower, e\'en if it is not already so. Orchid s. We naturally turn first to these for novelties ; so many hands are engaged in the furtherance of their interests in these days that they must necessarily give a supply of good things. Among these the plant of the year may be said to be Odontoglossum Harryanum (Gardeners' Chronicle p. 469, August 7, 1887), which was sent out by Messrs. James A'eiich & Sox, and quickly made plentiful by a fine importation of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., the same taking place in the matter of that other lovely autumn and winter-flowering plant, Cattleya Bowringiana which gives a very welcome addition to the ( )rchid-houses in the dull season, with its bright rosy-crimson flowers. Catasetum Bungerothii, Certificated to Baron Schroder at the Koyal Horticultural Society, with its massive sprays of clear white flowers, is certainly a grand novelty of the highest merit, and an opportune arrival, as it gives a fresh start to a genus hitherto considered to be only worth culture on account of the curious structure of their flowers (Gardeners' Chronicle (Supplement), January 29, 1887). Cattleyas recei\e a valuable reinforcement in the varieties of C. labiata Schroderre, on account of their,deli- cately tinted and well-formed fragrant flowers being produced over a long period, but generally coming in between the Trianres and Mendeliis. Cattleya labiata leucophfea, certificated to F. G. Tautz, Esq., is a very fine plant, the sepals and petals delicately tinted with lavender, and the darker portion of the lip the nearest ap- proach to dark blue of any Cattleya ; unfor- tunately it has no chance of becoming plentiful. The Odontoglossmns, which have hitherto been so prolific in certificated new and fine varieties, have of course fallen off in the number worthy of being considered distinct enough to particu- larise. Of crispums, the Royal Horticultural Society's Floral Committee have during the year selected but two, both grand things, viz., Thomp- son's variety, with grand flowers nearly 6 inches across, heavily spotted with brownish-red, and 0. c. leopardinum, a very neat, handsome, and JANnAET 7, 1888] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 17 distinct form, with flowers barred and blotched all over with crimson. It was certificated to II. M. PoLLEiT, Esq., of Bickley, the same gentle- man also receiving a first-class CertiBcate for a fine violet-spotted Odontoglossum Pescatorei. 0. oambridgeaiium of II. J. Measures, Esq., is very distinct, its appearance being between 0. nevadense and 0. Ilalli ; and 0. Jacombianum, a grand dark crimson-spotted form of the Ruckeri- anum type, bnt with flowers more of the form of 0. crispmn. The white and new varieties of broad, richly-coloured lip of this variety which makes it ea.sy to distinguish, and as a rule its flower-spikes are much shorter than the type. Many of these forms of Lielia have been illus- trated in our columns. Another pretty little novelty is the Lii?lia BatemaniauaX of Messrs. 'S'eitch, for which Baron Sckiiodeb was awarded a First-class Certificate on July 12 last. The hybrid Cypripediums are just now great favourites, and several new operators are making good practice with them, and notably Mr. mitted to the scrutiny of the Floral Committee during this year. In imported species of Cypri- pedium we gain two grand things in the quaint and lovely C. Sanderianuni of the St. Albans firm, and C. priestans of Linden, figured in our last issue, the latter being in appearance a curious compound of C. licvigatum, C. Parishii, and C. Stonei. It is a good and distinct plant. Calanthes, although largely crossed by several, manage to pass but two, viz., the fine pure white C. Halli >< of ^\i. Halt., and the rich and glow- FlO. i— ENTEANCE TO A '' CHICK HOUSE " AT li.iNISH KIND, I.NDIA. (SEE P. I'S. ) Lffilia anceps, from which much was expected, have not proved disappointing. L. a. Schroderje is a charming flower with blush sepals and petals and finely coloured lip ; L. a. Sanderiana, a grand white, near to L. a. Dawsoniana, and well worthy to keep it company ; and L. a. Stella, a large pure white, with dark crimson lines in the lip. Among the coloured kinds the L. anceps " Morada," of the Liverpool Horticultural Com- pany, gives varieties which beat L. a. Barkeriana and other vaunted fine forms easily : a few of them, which have been selected and named L. a. grandifiora, Ijeing superb in size, form, and colour. There is a peculiar character about the NoiiMA.\ CoOKSON and Mr. Duewett 0. Dkewett. Among the new kinds which have been prominent during last year may be men- tioned C. Measuresianiun X , illustrated in the Orchiil Album; C. MarshallianumX, a great beauty, illustrated in the Oanlenerx' Chronicle, April It), 1887, p. 513; C. leucorrhodum X , a beautiful thing of the Sedeni strain, certificated to the raisers, Messrs. Yeitcii & Son ; C. plu- meruni x and C. almmn X of Mr. Nobman Cook- son ; C. lo X and C. orphanorum X , certificated to F. O. Tautz, Esq. Many other grand hybrids have bloomed with Messrs. .Tames ^'eitcii & SoK, and others, which will doubtless be sub- ing crimson or blood-red C. sanguinarium X of Sir TIlE^■on La\\T!ence — both extremely handsome. Among the] other new certificated Orchids are the pretty terrestrial Habenaria militaris, with its leaves as pretty a.s those of an Anajctochilus, and its fine soft vermilion flowers — Sir Trevor L.iw- hence grows it freely ; Cielogyne Dayana, Odon- toglossum Schroderiaruun, I'halicnopsis Harrietas of Messrs. .Tames Veitcii & Son, Saccolabium Heathii to Baron Scuroiier ; the rich scarlet Ma.sdevallia Ilarryana lutea oculata (T.it'Tz), M. II. grandis (Sander), and several other acceptable novelties, which make the year fruit- ful so far as new aud good Orchids are con- If TEE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [Januaet 7, 1888. cerned ; and beyond this there are several fine importations, such as Crelogyne Fostermanni and C. Sanderiana, which have not yet been proved, but from which much is expected. We must postpone till our ne.xt issue our com- ment upon other New Plants of the year. Our Almanac— Owing to the restrictions im- posed by the Post-Office authorities, as explained in a previous number, we have modified our Almanac, which is now issued as an ordinary Supplement on a separate sheet. In addition to the usual calendarial matter, the Almanac contains indications of the mean temperature as observed at Chiswick for a long series of years, notices of the meetings of the horticultural and botanical societies of the British Islands and of the Chambre Syndicale of Ghent. These notices are much fuller than usual, but many are of necessity omitted, as the arrangements are not yet made. On the reverse side of the Almanac will be found a variety of miscellaneous information likely to be useful to our readers, but as the space is so limited a good deal of similar information is given in the pages of our present issue. Next week we hope to publish a list of all the more important hor- ticultural societies of the kingdom, with the names of their respective Secretaries. "Chick Houses." — We do not propose to revive the old controversy as to who was tlie originator of these structures in India; suffiice it to say that they are light structures of Bamboo and lattice-work, designed to afford protection from the burning sun and fierce wind. Tliese Betel or Chick houses are now in general use in India, and, as our illustration shows, are by no means unpicturesque. A similar cheap contrivance might readily be adopted in this country for Lilies, Ferns, Camellias, Khodo- dendrons, and other phmts for which a little shelter, either permanent or temporary, is desirable. We have seen sucli constructions used with advantage in some of the Italian Botanic Gardens, as at Pisa. The illustration (fig. 2) shows a structure erected at Gauish Kind, by Mr. Woodeow. M. MORREN'S Library. — We have received a copy of the catalogues of the botanical and horticultural library of the late Professor Edwakd MoBBEN. It comprises more than 7(X)0 entries, exclusive of the works of the two Moreens, which by some accident are omitted from the copy of the catalogue which has reached us. It is rather astonishing that the Belgian Government should not have secured so valuable a library. As it is, the works are to be sold separately on applica- tion to Mme. v. Ed. Mobren, Boverie 1, Liege. This is one of the richest collections that has ever been offered. Ghent Quinquennial, April 19—24.— In addition to the numerous prizes offered for new plants. Orchids, Nepenthes, Anthuriums. Palms, Cycads, Ferns, Amaryllis, Hyacinths, Azaleas, Ca- mellias, Rhododendrons, Conifers, &c., we understand that the Agricultural and Botanical Society of Ghent, under whose auspices these shows are held, has offered prizes for the following botanical subjects: — 1. A series of fifteen distinct fungi, dried or in fluid, and representing the principal genera of Hymenomvcetes. 2. A series of preparations showing the different stages of flowering, e.g., ripening of the anthers, of the stigma, self- fertilisation, &c., illus- trated by six flowers, which are fertilised by insects. 3. A collection of preparations showing the course of the fibro-vascular bundles in twelve flowering plants belonging to different famiUes, isolated leaves and fruits not considered. 4. A collection of flowers of ten different types of Orchids preserved in fluid. 5. A collection of preparations showing the nature and construction of the different forms of fruits or seed-vessels that occur in wild plants or in those commonly cultivated in gardens. Ordinary her- barium specimens are excluded from these five classes. Microscopic preparations, &c. : — 1. A series of i)re- parations representing six stages in the development of the stem, and of the root of the same species of the flowering plant. 2. A series of twelve microscopic preparations showing the division of the cell and of the nucleus (karyokinesis) in two or three different species, .'i. A series of microscopic and macro- scopic preparations representing at least ten different stages in the evolution of a hymenomycetous fungus from the first germination of the sjjore to the com- plete development of the plant. Competitors should indicate on each specimen the most remarkable points of interest. New Guinea Plants.— Baron von Moeli-eb writes : — "From a small collection of plants, obtained by Mr. Sayer during the expedition of Mr. Cdth- BEETSON to Mount Obree in New Guinea, it is de- monstrated that Araucaria, Agapanthus, Rhododen- drons, Ardisias, Myrsine, Ixoras, Oldenlandias, Myrtus, Medinilla, Scutellaria, Bradleyas, Mollineda, Nephelium, Elatostemma, Elatocarpus, Biophytum, Dendrobiums, Sarcochilus, and Calamus, are among the genera which are represented at elevations up to 8000 feet, that being the culminating height." VetPLANTENKRING. — Under this title has been established at Antwerp a society for the promotion of the knowledge and cultivation of Cacti and other succulent plants. The Secretary is Mr. .T. Havermans, Rue JiSsus, 46, Antwerp, and meetings are to be held on the last Sunday of every month, at 11 o'clock, at the Tivoli, Rue du Pelican, 82, Antwerp. The annual subscription is fixed at six francs, with an entrance fee of three francs. OODEYPORE. — The Superintendent's report of the gardens of His Highness the Maharana of Oodeypore, for 1886-7, contains a record of satisfac- tory progress. Roseries, carriage-drives, and foun- tains, " Jubilee halls," and other constructions, have been inaugurated. Tlie rainy season began in June, when nearly 4 inches fell. This was increased to 8 inches in July, and 15 inches in August, more than 8 inches having fallen in two days. In September b inches fell, and after that time but little fell. The total amount for the year was 33.7 inches — no very large amount in itself. A frost occurred in the nights of the 16th and 17th of February, which did much damage. Potatos do not flourish at Oodey- pore ; none of them were as large as a fowl's egg, and they had " a wildish taste." It is curious to read with this that the Victoria Regia flourishes in any lake or tank. By the way, the flowers are noted as opening at about 5 o'clock in the afternoon. Geriviination of the Brazil-nut.— Most of our readers are familiar with the three-sided tooth- some nat, and some perhaps have seen the hard, woody, globular case in wliich they are contained. The tree is native in the forests of Guiana and Brazil, and it has been an object with the authorities at Kew to introduce so valuable a tree into North Australia and other tropical colonies. It is recommended in the Krw Biillethi that the fresh seeds which arrive here in June should be sent in a box packed in cocoa-nut fibre or peat. On arrival the seeds shouldbe soaked, the outer shell carefully removed, and the kernels sown in ordinary nursery beds. The germination of the seeds of this tree, BerthoUetia excelsa, in the wild state, while enclosed in the wonderfully strong fruit-case, was long involved in obscurity. The hard, woody shell, useful as a protection against monkeys, seemed to offer a powerful obstacle to the germination of the con- tained seeds. Mr. Barrington Brown, in the Kew Bulletin, describes the process as follows : — " In each fruit-case or pericarp, when lying on the ground, there is a small hole at the point at which it was attached to the stalk. Through this, after the fruit has been lying for some months in a moist situation, the shoot, produced by one of the germinating seeds, is able to efl'ect an exit. When this is done, it gradually increases in size, but still uses the fruit- case, which indeed protects its roots and serves all the purposes of a natural pot. The other seeds, unable to find outlet for their sprouts to reach the light and air, ultimately perish, and their remains prob.ably go to nourish the solitary plant which is destined to represent the family. This latter, when it has grown to a certain size, bursts the shell in which its roots have hitherto been confined, and grows up into a tree." The gardener by cracking the shells, interferes greatly with this very Malthusian tendency on the part of the natural tree. Smithsonian Institution.— At a special meeting of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution Professor S.wiuel Pierpont Langley, LL.D., was duly elected (on November 18) Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, to suc- ceed the late Professor Spencer F. Baibd. Orange Culture,— We learn that Mr. A. Dixon, of Cherkley Court, Leatherhead, has two Orange trees, each bearing more than 200 fruits. His Citrons usually produce fifty to sixty fruits annu- ally in .Tanuary. The GARDENERS' Royal Benevolent In- stitution.— The annual friendly dinner of the members of. this Institution and their friends will . take place after the General Meeting on Friday, January 13, at Simpson's, 101, Strand, upon which occasion the Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart., has promised to preside. The dinner will be upon table at 6 o'clock precisely. Formation of Starch by Plants— Expe- riments have recently been conducted at the School of Agriculture. Canterbury, New Zeal.and, by Pro- fessors W. E. IvEY and G. GR.iY, with a view to determine the formation of starch by plants. It has long been known that starch is formed either in j chlorophyll granules or in starch-forming corpuscles, ,; which ultimately become converted into chlorophyll granules, but up to the present little has been done ' towards ascertaining the rate of formation and dis- ] persion. Accordingly a series of experiments were made to determine the rate at which starch is formed in the leaves of Peas, Beans, and Wheat, and up to date the following results have been obtained : — Starch is least plentiful in leaves collected in early morning, more plentiful in those collected late in the 1 afternoon, but before evening. The degree of sun- , shine has a direct eft'ect on therateof starch— forma- \ tion ; in continuous cloudy weather starch is formed ; by plants but very slowly. This result was brought ' out in a striking manner. During some very cloudy weather, plant leaves collected before 9 o'clock a.m. j exhibited but small quantities of starch, except on ■ two occasions, when they had been under the action of direct sunshine; in those instances starch was ; proved to exist in large quantities. Determinations have not yet been made in leaves collected during absolute darkness. ReINWARDTIA TETRAGYNA. — The Bevue de I'Hortindture Beige for the present month opens with a coloured plate of this pretty old warm greenhouse plant, which has well-nigh dropped out of remem- brance, but whose many good qualities should have ensured it a better fate. It flowers at this season of the year, is attractive-looking, easily grown, and easily propagated. The plant is so near to Linum that it seems a pity to have ever separated it from that genus. Theory and Practice.— There is a theory ■» which has scarcely yet got a name ; we speak of it as . the periodic law, or as the principle of Mendeleeff. According to this principle, stating it very broadly, all the properties of an element, physical and chemical, can be deduced by calculation from its atomic weight ; that, given the atomic weight of an element, vou have all that you require to find out by calcula- tion everything connected with it. If this were so, . the whole of chemistry would be derivable by calcu- Jancaey 7, 18F8.] THE GARDENEES' CHRONICLE. 19 lation from the atomic weights of the elements. This is a very broad way of putting the theory, but it indicates the direction which it seems likely to take. AVft shall be obliged, of course, to examine it. and put it to the test. It may die of some disease of infancy or youth, or it may survive to old age. But there it is now. I may give you some illustra- tions of this theory without going into details. It is not many years ago that M. Lecgq de Boisbaud- RA.N obtained from the zinc ore of the Pyrenees a new metal, to which he gave the name of gallium. This metal had been expected : theory led to the belief that there should be a metal with about the atomic weight which gallium actually has. From this atomic weight the properties of the expected metal had been calculated. Now the actual pro- perties of gallium, some of thera very remarkable properties, have been wonderfully closely anticipated by the calculations. Gallium has a low fusing point, it melts with the heat of the hand ; it is, however, not sensibly volatile. These physical characters and many of the chemical characters of the compounds of gallium had been predicted before any one had seen the metal, or had the least idea where it was to be found. It is curious that another discovery of the same kind should follow at no long interval. About two years ago Professor Winkler, of Frei- burg, discovered another new metal, to which he gave the name germanium. At first there was some doubt as to its atomic weight, but when larger quantities of the substance were obtained, this was determined with accuracy, and it was at once seen that germanium was a metal that had been expected, its general properties had been foreseen. Such examples of course add to the credit of the theory, but we are still a long way from anything like a proof that all the properties of an element are deducible from its atomic weight. Professor Crum Brown. "Les SerreS Vergers.''— "We are glad to see that M. Pynaert has published a fourth edition of his treatise on forcing fruits. The new edition is considerably larger than its predecessor, and has been completely revised. We shall have further occasion of speaking of this valuable work. " Hardy Flowers."— A fourth and cheaper edition of tlus work has been issued, and may be had at the Garden Office, Southampton Street. It com- prises a descriptive list of upwards of 13,000 of the most ornamental species. The plants are arranged alphabetically, without any reference to their family relationships. The selections of kinds suitable for various purposes are \ery useful. Chinese Primulas.— At the Winter Exhibi- tion of the National Chrysanthemum Society, to be held at the Westminster Aquarium on January 11 and 12, Messrs. Sutton & Sons, of Reading, will we learn exhibit a large collection of their improved strains of Primula. Trees and Shrubs. THE SEA BUCKTHORN (HIPPOPHAE EHAMNOIDES;. Often enough, particularly along the sea coast, do we find this pretty and distinct shrub used largely in the formation of shrubberies, but rarely do we meet with standard or single specimens planted solely for ornamental purposes on our lawns and in our grounds. This, we think, is a great pity, the truth of which was clearly enough demonstrated but a few days ago, when a couple of huge specimens — the pride and ornament of a banker's garden — were pointed out to U8, and which from their long, narrow and silvery- toned leaves otlered such a pretty and unusual con- trast to the usually employed lawn and garden shrubs. C)f no usual dimensions were the specimens in question, one, the largest, being fully 11 feet in heiglit and 1'2 feet in diameter of spread of branches, and the other but little short of these measure- ments ; indeed so regular in outline and size were these plants that they could not otherwise be described but as a well-matched pair. No long, bare stems, such as one is accustomed to see in this Buckthorn, were here presented, but simply perfect pyramids of the most per- fectly developed foliage — this the result, no doubt, of the partially sheltered situation, and also of the plants being at all times given ample space for lateral spread of branch. The soil which produced these fine shrubs is a free sandy loam, largely intermixed with sea-sand, while the locality in which that grows is hardly a quarter of a mile from the shores of the Irish Sea. As an ornamental berry-bearing plant, the Sea Buckthorn is well worthy of attention, few hardy shrubs producing these in greater abundance than that in question, while at the same time they remain good for a long period, and are not so liable to the attacks of birds as those of the generality of our trees and shrubs. By treating the fruit in a similar way to that usually recommended for the Holly, and sowing the seeds in early spring, we have been successful in raising numbers of plants, which, in two or three years, are fit for planting out permanently. [Readers should remember what nurserymen sometimes forget that the sexes are separate in this shrub so that both male and female plants should be secured if berries are wanted. Ed.] Ohnamental Bekuv-ijearing Plants. Now that the dull winter days are upon us, and outdoor flowers few and far between, a few words regarding the most valuable of hardy berry-bearing plants will be opportune. The Holly (llexaquifolium) in its many and varied forms is, perhaps, unsurpassed for general usefulness as a berry-bearing plant, for not only is the fruit highly ornamental, but the foliage, too, and being of good substance lasts for a considerable time, even when kept out of water. In the yellow-berried variety we have a fine and distinct contrast to the normal or red-fruited plant, and when fruiting branches are placed side by side for Christmas decoration the efiect produced is truly beautiful, the deep coral-red of the one and the amber hue of the other producing a very pleasing and desirable contrast. Then for variety in foliage tints we have golden and silver-blotched and margined forms, these mixing in nicely with the deep glossy green of the commonly cultivated kind. Skimynia japonica is another excellent plant for winter decoration, the berries being produced in great abundance, and at a time when such is in most request. As a pot plant this Skimmia is ex- tremely useful, it being of neat compact habit, not over large, and with highly ornamental foliage. It forces well, but in our opinion succeeds and bears fruit quite as freely when planted in peaty soil in a north-facing border, The Strawberry Tree (Arbutus Unedo), with its curiously shaped Strawberry-like fruit, is well worthy of culture where winter decorative plants are in request. It is, however, doubly useful as an orna- mental plant, for both the flowers and fruit are produced at one and the same time ; and as the former are of a delightful creamy-white colour they afford a nice and pleasing contrast to the red-cheeked fruit. If placed in water both the fruit and flowers are wonderfully lasting. To-day we could not help admiring the large pink berries of the Butcher's Broom (Ruscus aculeatus). This is rather a neglected ]dant, but it must be admitted by any person who has had the privilege to behold a well-berried specimen, that in point of beauty in this particular way it is no second-rate plant. The berries are large and plump, the size of a Hazel-nut, or nearly so, and of an enticing hue of red. The plant is readily cultivated —indeed, in cer- tain localities, particularly chalky districts, it is a matter of some concern how to keep it in bounds. We have not seen it as a pot plant, but there can be no doubt, from its accommodating nature, that for this particular purpose it is excellent. Einpetrum nigrum, with its dark shining berries is, unfortunately — or, perhaps, fortunately — a sum- mer or autumn plant, for the fruit is too delicious and tempting to both man and bird to be left alone for any length of time. We cultivated a fine patch of this plant for many years, and solely on account of its polished black berries, which were annually produced in rich profusion. Pernettya mticroiiata and its many forms are highly interesting and ornamental plants, and such as can ill be spared where seasonable winter decorations are in request. Some of those sent out from a famous Irish nursery are grand, bearing fruit of almost every conceivable colour ; and, what is better still, these remain on the plants and in good condition for a considerable length of time. As pot plants they are of great value, and in some instances, under successful cultivation, so freely produced were the berries that hardly a trace of foliage was to be seen. A free sandy peat, or rather sandy loamy peat, would seem to suit best this highly ornamental tribe of plants— at least under such a condition as to soil we have noted the most satisfactory results in cultivation. A. D. Webster, i To be continued.) Nursery Notes. THE CHINESE PRIMULA AT SPARKHILL NURSERIES. BiEMiNGU.\M has been very deservedly compli- mented lately on the skilfulness of gardeners of the district in producing the beautiful display of plants at the recent Chrysanthemum show, and which was freely commented on at the annual dinner of the Birmingham Chrysanthemum Society on De- cember 14. Mr. Fetch stated that it was in Primulas far away the finest display he had ever seen. The late Mr. Tomkins, for many years the pro- prietor of the Sparkhill Nurseries, managed to obtain a fine strain of Primulas, from which two fine varieties, Princess Louise and Marquis of Lome, were selected as being improvements on existing varieties, and he was also the means of giving a great impetus to the cultivation of the Chinese Primula in the neighbourhood of Birming- ham. On the death of Mr. Tomkins, the sons of Mr. T. B. Thomson, who now so successfully carry on their late father's business, secured the Sparkhill Nurseries, thus adding the nursery branch to their extensive seed business, and Primulas became especially cared for here, some of their new varieties fast gaining in popularity. At the present time an exceedingly fine batch of plants of the two varieties I have named, and others whose names will follow directly, are in the full flush of beauty, the plants of full size and abundantly bloomed, with large flowers of much substance. The Marquis and Princess were not only at the time of being intro- duced very distinct in the size, substance and form of the flowers, but they were distinct in the thick fleshy foliage, distinct also in foim from the ordinary Primula. This type is preserved in many of the new kinds, whilst in others the Fern-leaved section has dense and stout foliage. Primula sinensis The Queen is a Fern-leaved variety, raised here some four years since, and has a soft pink suB'usion on its large white flowers, which are not quite so flat and smooth as those of the Princess Louise, but it is a very fine variety, and of pleasing lovely tint. Her Majesty, another of the Sparkhill seedlings, is a seedling from The Queen, also Fern-leaved, and of a more decided shade of pale rose in its pure white flowers. There are several plants of these two varieties growing in 7-inch pots — excellent examples of cultivation. There is an improved Marquis of Liorne not yet named which has large, bold, smooth blooms of great substance, and, like its parent, is of a shade of rosy-red. A variety named Emperor, of the same type, is brilliant in colour, and of a bright cerise-red. Tliis is also one of the Sparkhill seed- lings. Then there is another Marquis of Lorue seed- 20 THE GAEDE NEBS'- C HE ONI CLE. [Jancarv 7, 188R, ling named Juliilee, a Fern-leaved variety, and a good telling dark companion variety to The Queen and Princess Louise, the parent of some of the cxcel- FlG. 3.— VF.RONICA SALICORXIOIDES, Ti'PICAL. lent white varieties of the type of Marquis of Lorno, but with very large flowers. I have not viewed blue Primulas with much favour, but the Messrs. Thomson have a grand thing in King of the Blues, which, so far as known blue v.Trieties Fig. 4.— veronica cupressoides, typical. are known about Birmingham, must be regarded as a good improvement on all the blues, possessing the foliage and vigour of Marquis of Lome with the same size, form, and substance in the flower, which has a clear blue tint, strongly marked in the Fig. 5a.— veronica cupressoides. flower, and a large yellow eye. Our Primula growers are making great headway in scarlets of the Chiswick Ked type, and in Thomson's Sensa- tion we have a fine striking variety, of brilliant colour — or brilliant, resembling Sutton's Scarlet ; the habit is good, and the flower well formed, and of a deep rich crimson-red colour. Some good double varieties have emanated from SparkhiU, the latest addition being Lady Martineau. a sport from Alba magnifica, more fringed than Peach Blossom, with larger flowe>-s than the latter, and a very free habit, the colour a tinted pale pink. Amongst others now in good bloom at SparkhiU were the following fine doubles, viz.: — A. P. Barron, Miss Eva Fish, Annie Ilillier, Marchioness of Exeter, and King of the Purples ; and these six varieties give a good variety, and would form a select collection. B. VERONICA CUPRESSOIDES, AND ITS ALLIES. A SHORT time since there was considerable dis- cussion in these pages concerning the nomenclature of the plant cultivated in gardens as Veronica sali- cornioides, in which no happy result seems to have forms of the plant cultivated in gardens a V. salicornioides ; and fig. 6 is from the plant cultivated in Hay Lodge gardens as V. cupressoides ; from which it will be seen that no perfectly satis- factory conclusion can yet be arrived at, as none of the garden forms are exactly identical with either typical V. cupressoides or V. salicornioides. How- ever, I think it will be clear to all that the true V. salicornioides (tig. 3) is distinct from the plant culti- vated under this name, differing in having stouter branches, in being more strict in habit, and in having the leaves very closely set and decidedly imbricated, which is not the case in any of the forms of the plant grown as V. salicornioides that I have seen. So far as is known to me the true V. salicornioidfa is not in cultivation. Now, with regard to the plant gi'own as V. sali- cornioidt'S, what is it to hv called ? It is evidently a very variable plant, as I have endeavoured to show in figs, o and 5a, a to e ; a and b are from two states grown in Hay Lodge garden ; the same form or Fig. 5. — vergn'ica curREssoioEs var. variabilis, \. e. br. been arrived at. It therefore appeared to me that, as eome of the disputants were unacquainted witli the true V. salicornioides, a small sketch of this species would be of value as showing that the plant cultivated under this name was distinct, and having received from the Editor some specimens grown at Hay Lodge, Trinity, Edinburgh, as V. cupressoides and V. salicornioides, and some interesting forms of the latter plant grown at Kew, and the Botanic Gar- den, Edinburgh, kindly lent me by Mr. Dewar, I have thought it would be useful to figure small twigs of them all, as well as of the typical V. cupressoides, in order to make clear whatever differences may exist between them. In each case I have repre- sented twigs that are com]>arable in age and condi- tion, of their natural size, and by their side a portion of a branchlet magnified in each case five diameters. Fig. 3 is drawn from one of the type specimens of V. salicornioides collected by Travers on the Wairau Mountains, 4000—5500 feet elevation. Fig. 4 is drawn from one of the type specimens of V. cupressoides collected by Sinclair in Upper Wairau, 4000 feet elevation. Fig, 5 represents various- forms are also grown by Mr. C. WoUey Dod, Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, and at Kew, and seem to be the more ordinary states of the plant, with small Cupressus-like leaves, only differing slightly in habit of branching, but both modes of branching may be found on the same plant ; c (fig. 5a) and d are some what similar states, from Kew — in both there are some branches having only the usual small Cupressus-like leaves, and some having the leaves expanded into flat spreading blades, which are sometimes entire, as in c, and sometimes have a tendency to become lobed, as in d, which latter state I have also had from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, e represents a condition of the plant grown in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, in which the majority of the leaves are very distinctly lobed, some being pinnatifid. These four states, there- fore, exhibit a complete gradation from small Cupres- sus-like leaves to pinnatifid ones, f is from a plant grown in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden under the name of V. lycopodioides, but it is very different from that species, and is evidently only another modification of the plant we are treating of, and a very remarkable one it is. I have only seen a small .Takuaky 7, 1888.T THE gaudeners' chronicle. 21 twig of it ; the lower leaves are somewhat distant from each other, and are pinnatifid, with acute lobes ; whilst those on the terminal branchleta are very closely set, long and subulate, giving it some resemblance to a Lycopodium, whence pro- bably the error in the name. I do not find any of the small Cupressus-like leaves on the small piece kindly lent me by Mr. Dewar, but pro- bably they would be found on the plant if searched for. All these are, beyond a doubt, but variations of one plant, and Mr. Dewar informs me that the variations grown at Kew are all derived from one plant, and are probably due to some differences in soil and situation. But it may be asked, ifthisissuch a variable plant, why may it not still be the same as, or a form of, V. salicomioides? (fig. 3). I may say that all who have compared the plant, living and dried, with the type of V. salicomioides agree with me in considering it to be quite distinct. Besides the differences previously pointed out, there is, to eyes accustomed to such comparisons, such a very different look about the two plants that convinces one of their distinctness. On looking to the figure of typical V. cupressoides (fig. 4), it will be noted on comparing the mag- nified portion with that of fig, 5a, that the leaves var. variabilis is a distinct species or merely a variety, as with our present knondedge it appears to me most judicious to consider it. The flowers of this plant are white, whilst those of typical V. cupressoides are stated to be violet; but unless there are some other differences in the flowers, of which I have no opportunity of judging, no importance can be attached to this, I think, as most of us are familiar with the fact that the flowers of the same species of Veronica vary considerably in colour. .A''. E. Brown. Foreign Correspondence. THE KOSES OF THE SOUTH. We extract the following article from a i'rench contemporary, thinking it may be of interest to our readers : — " The Parisian adores flowers. He could not live without them, and, when the squares are despoiled by the frost, offering nothing to the sight but sad ruins, he demands from Provence those re- splendent flowers which bear with them a little of the bright sun of the South. IIow many of the per- light straw matting, which are removed in the morn- ing at 9 o'clock. This work entails a large amount of labour, and we think that everywhere where an extended cultivation permits of it, the growers of Koses could advantageously make use of artificial clouds, made by the fumes of thick oil, and which, in the east, have succeeded perfectly in keeping the young Vine-shoots from Jfay frosts. Among the most esteemed varieties of Roses we may mention the following : — ilarechal Niel, of a yellow colour ; Malmaison, tinted with clear rose ; Gloire de Dijon, fawn, mingled with red ; Papa Gontier, clear red ; General Lamarque, pure white ; Marie A^an Houtte, yellow, with a reddish tinge ; Duchess of Edinburgh red ; and Isabella Xabonnaud. The least delicate and therefore the most common, is the Safrano, the tint of which, as its name indicates, approaches that of sart'ron. The Safrano sells wholesale at Cannes at from 3d. to Wd. per dozen ; the Marechal Niels fetch four or five times more. Roses have been for a long time cultivated at Nice and Cannes, but pre- viously to 1867 they were only utilised for the purpose of making perfumery ; it was the restricted outlet which limited the production. From the arrival of Alphonse Karr on the Mediterranean lit- toral dates the flower industry for bouquets or cut flowers. " The author of ffK<7;cs set up a floral establishment at Nice, and his villa of Saint Raphael became a celebrated nest of Roses. These examples were not thrown away, and Hyeres, seeing its Vines perish, Fig. 7. — TEEONICA CUPKESSOIDES VAE. VARHBILIS. (REAL SIZE.) KU.. 6.— VEROXIOA CUPRESSOmES, HAY LODGE GABDE.V. are [very similar in both, and if tliose of rig. 4 were placed closer together there would be very little difference between the two and some specimens in the Kew Herbarium which have been considered to be true V. cupressoides look very like the V. sali- comioides of gardens, but there are no specimens in the Herbarium which show any tendency to varia- tion like that of the garden plant, so as this is of de- cidedly dwarfer habit than the typical V. cupressoides, and whether the same species or not, is sufliciently different to require a distinctive name; and taking its variable character into consideration I propose to call the V. salicomioides of gardens V, cupressoides var. variabilis (fig. 7). The V. cupressoides of gardens (fig. G) is quite like the typical form in habit, but, as will be seen from the figures, the leaves are not quite the same ; but as they are seen to be so variable in the dwarf plant, this slight difference may, I think, be neglected, and the plant be considered to be true V. cupressoides; especially if we call to mind how the leaves of many other plants of New Zealand and other countries vary — such, for instance, as obtains in the species of Dacrydium, &c. It would be interesting to know from what part of New Zea- land the garden plants came, as this might liclp to solve the present doubt as to whether the dwarf plant wliich I have called V. cupressoides sons wlio stop before our florists to admire in De- cember Roses superb in their freshness, ask one another, ' How is it possible to obtain such flowers ;' ' And many doubtless believe there is some astonish- ing and mysterious cultural process. There is nothing of tliat. The great — one might almost say unique — producer of Roses is tlie sun : but not this poor winter sun, so sparing of its rays. It is the sun of the Midi, bright and warm, and which a sojourn is de- licious at Cannes, Nice, and the whole of the littoral, from Hyeres to Jlentone. Itis to this mild temperature, which, thanks to the mountains, the north wind rarely comes to modify, and also, doubtless, to the saline breezes, that the Hose bushes possess an exceptional vigour. To speak truly, there are no fields of Rose bushes ; the Roses are cultivated in tlie hedges, around the villas, and in the gardens picturesquely arranged in terraces. Certain delicate varieties, or those loving to climb, are trained en espalier the lengtli of the walls. This is an excellent course. In this climate Roses have but two enemies — wind and white frost. The wind, shaking the Roses, bruises them, so that they last a less time and must be sold in the environs at a very low price. White frosts are rare, but where they do appear they stop the development of the Rosebuds and seriously aft'ect the number of blown Roses. Thus careful owners in the evening cover their Rose bushes with cloths or also devoted itself to flower culture. The annual exportation of Roses from the Soutli of France is estimated at a sum of £200,000 sterling," Market Gardexikg ik Florida. I liave read with great interest the article on Market Gardening, by Mr. Wm. Earley, of llford, in the Gardeners' Chruniclr, page 75, July 18, 1885, vol. .xxiv.. No. 603, a copy of which I have just re- ceived from a friend in England. I am inclined to agree with the writer on all the points named in his article, and particularly in regard to close planting of Cabbages. I am growing an acre of Cabbages (Burpee's Short-stem Drumhead and Burpee's Sure- head), many of which are now ready to cut, and all the rest heading nicely. These were sown in August last, and are planted (being so advised by old resi- dent farmers) 2 feet apart in the rows and the rows 4 feet apart from each other. Between each four rows of Cabbages is a row of young Orange trees, each plant 20 feet apart each way. Had I seen the article of Mr. Earley sooner, I should have tried the system he advocates of close planting. I regret he did not name some of the varieties of Cabbages suitable for close planting, as I feel sure "good medium-sized, well-hearted heads are preferred " in America as well as in England. Will your correspondent, therefore, kindly furnish the information required in some future issue of your excellent paper? I arrived in Florida last 22 THE GAEDENEBS' CHBOKnCLE. [JANOAHY 7, 18S8. April, and am deliglited with my experience of the Land of Flowers so far, and am contemplating send- ing you a short article on Florida, its climate and fruits if agreeable to your readers. Bo.v 147, Waldo, AlachtM Co., Flurida, U.S.A. [Please to carry out your intention. Ed.] Cultural Memoranda. FEKPETUAL FLOWEHING CAKNATIONS. These favourite flowers should have free circula- tion of fresh air during fine mild weather, and when the temperature of the house is not below 55°, other- wise the plants will make a weakly growth. The flower-stems should have support. As the floweri open a piece of matting should be tied loosely round the calyx, to prevent its bursting. Andalusia, prim- rose-yellow, fringed petals ; Miss ,Tolliffe, pale pink ; La Florifere, pure white ; Empress of Germany, large white, slightly marked rose ; "Worthington Smith, deep scarlet : and Valencia, dark crimson Clove- scented, are a few of the best varieties to grow, the plants being vigorous growers. Care must be exer- cised in giving water. "When the soil becomes a little dry on the top, give sufficient water to moisten the bail thoroughly. Alternate waterings of weak liquid manure and clear water at a temperature of about 70° will assist in the development of larg^ flowers. Should aphis attack the plants, fumigate lightly with tobacco-paper two evenings in succei- Bion. H. W. yV. Pancratiums, &c. Mr. Thorpe, speaking at Chicago, recommended that these, as well as Crinums and Amaryllis plants, should have all the encouragement possible till the leaves are thoroughly developed. As soon as this takes place the water should be stinted and the plants allowed to go to rest. Pancratiums require a tempera- ture of not less than 55° at any time. Whilst they are at rest, a top shelf, where they can get the benefit of the light without the direct rays of the sun, is the best position for them. As soon as they show signs of growth they should be watered, gradually increas- ing the supply as the leaves grow. Rose Celine Forestieb. From plants of this free-flowering Noisette Rose we have been, during the last few weeks, cutting half-opened pale yellow and very fragi-ant blooms, which, set up on its own pale green foliage, came in very useful for buttonholes, as well as for filling small vases and glasses in the boudoir and drawing- rooms. Cuttings taken otf any time this month with a little of the old wood attached, and inserted in properly drained 3-inch pots filled with light sandy soil, watered and placed in a hotbed or on a shelf in the stove, or anywhere in heat, will soon take root. They should then be potted off singly into small pots, using a compost of three parts sandy loam and one of sweet leaf-mould, putting the plants back in heat near the glass, and afterwards attending to them in the way of watering, and in due time shifting them into larger pots as the plants require more room at the roots, and gradually hardening them off before plunging the pots to the rims out-of-doors in coal-ashes in a sunny situation early in the summer, giving weak liquid manure at the roots about three times a week during the summer and early autumn months. Thus treated they will make nice useful plants for supplying blooms next Christmas. H. W. W. Asparagus plumosus. The pale green flat Fern-like fronds of this South African Asparagus are far superior to the popular Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum cuneatum) for button- hole and bouquet work, inasmuch as tlie fronds keep fresh much longer in a cut state than those of Adiantum cuneatum do. Plants in pots ranging from 3 to 6 inches in diameter are also very useful for decorative purposes ; but where there is much table decoration and buttonhole work to do a few plants should be grown on in 9-inch pots for cutting from. This Asparagus, like its allies plumosus nanus, tenuissiraus, and virgatus, is easily increased by division of the roots, potted in a mixture of equal parts of light sandy loam and peat, with a sprinkling of small charcoal and sharp sand added, afterwards putting the plants in a stove or Cucumber- house, or in any structure in which a growing atmo- speric temperature is maintained, giving water at the roots when the condition of the soil renders its application necessary. H. W. W. The Coleos. About twenty-five or thirty years ago the Coleus was represented in catalogues generally by two varieties — Blumei and Verschaffeltii. Now there are to be found as many as 130 named varieties in some of the leading plant catalogues. The leaves of many of these are undulated, deeply serrated, veined with rose, white and red, and beautifully spotted and mar- gined. Therefore, judiciously pinched plants from three to fifteen months old are very useful for fur- nishing rooms, &c. The tops of shoots having two or three joints each, taken off now and inserted singly in 3-inch pots filled with light mould placed in heat and watered, will become rooted in a few days, and quickly attain to useful dimensions. H. W. Ward. The Flower Garden. Terhafs no apology is needed at the present time fur a brief retrospect of the past year, which, in so far as regards the flower garden and pleasure grounds, may be said to have been one of a somewhat event- ful character, and fruitful of incidents, which, if taken separately or collectividy, afford matter for thought and reflection, and which should furnish us with something in the nature of a guide in the future, and convey useful lessons in practice. From the gardening point of view the chief characteristics of the year were, an unusually long and severe winter, which in many instances was productive of disastrous results amongst trees and shnibs. The ground being for a long period frost-bound, planting operations were necessarily postponed to a later period than is generally considered advisable, and, as a necessary consequence, much extra work was entailed in the way of mulchings and watering during the warm weather. Especially was this the case in hilly dis- tricts, and on gravelly soil ; and in such situations, unless these precautions were taken, an unusual number of failures resulted, particularly amongst large specimens of trees and shrubs. \Vith such severe weather as was experienced in March, when on several occasions the temperature fell to very low readings, it is not surprising that herbaceous ]ilants in beds and borders suffered serious loss, of course this being greatest where much had been left to chance or the protection was insufficient. The lessons taught us will be lasting. Notwithstanding the spring was backward, and was followed by a summer almost tropical in its heat, which entailed a large amount of watering amongst newly planted stuff, the harm caused was more than counter- balanced by the good results derived from the fierce summer. With the wood of all trees and shrubs well ripened, and bulbs, roots of hardy plants well matured, and where the requirements of the plants were duly attended to, we may hope to witness a wealth of bloom in due season. T}aiiti)}g, Pruning, and Protection. — When the state of the weather will permit, push forward anv alterations needed, and with the planting of trees, shrubs and Conifers of most kinds of a hardy nature, but do not remove Hollies or Sweet Bays. As the work proceeds stake and tie all such as require it, and finish off with a good mulching of half-decayed stable manure, or, in the absence of this, litter and leaves : the latter, however, are rather objectionable in well-kept gi-ounds, unless kept in place by a sprinkling of soil, as in rough windy weather they invariably get blown about in all directions. Do not prune any shrub or tree, if it can be avoided, during frosty weather, but rather defer the necessarv pruning of deciduous trees and shrubs until later. Over- crowded shrubbery borders and clumps should receive attention in the way of thinning out and cutting down where it is required, grubbing out old stumps, turn- ing in all fallen leaves without disturbing the roots, so as to give the ground a neat and clean appearance. Cut and trim hedges of Quick Beech Privet, and others of a similar nature, cleaning out all weeds and rubbish from the base. Afford protection to all such subjects as require it, and where previous experience has proved it to be unwise to go without. In herba- ceous beds and borders many perennials will be benefited by a covering of cinder ashes or cocoanut fibre refuse, amongst them being the more tender species of Lilium, Lobelia fulgens, L, syphilitica and their varieties, Dielytra spectabilis, Iris reticu- lata, and others of a kindred nature. Helleborus niger and its varieties will well repay by being covered with hand-lights and freely ventilated on all favourable occasions. Flower-beds. — Manure and dig over unoccupied flower-beds, leaving the surface rough so as to get well pulverised. Others containing Hyacinths and early flowering Tulips should be protected from severe frosts by a good covering of cocoa refuse. Kee]) a vigilant outlook for mice amongst the bulbs of Crocus. Beds filled with such spring flowering plants as Arabis, Myosotis, Polyanthus, Violas, and double-flowered Daisies will require attention after a spell of sharp weather, and should be pressed down quite firmly with the hands. J. Horsefield, Heyteshiry, Wilts. Home Correspondence. ^p" Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending early intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which if is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of rcitiarkablc plants, trees, tj'c, are also solicited. EICHORNEA AZUREA, MART.— Mr. Morris sug- gests among other theories tint the swollen petioles of this plant may act as sails to waft the plants to the edges of ponds, and possibly also to the nutrient mud. In Pernambuco, where I saw it growing wild, the plant only grew in streams, jutting out from the bank very much as Heteranthera reniformis does. Is it not more likely that the floats are destined to enable a broken-oft" plant to be carried down the stream, and so diffused ? E. specioa is \&ry common round Pernambuco. You may see the low, swampy fields pink with its beautiful flower-spikes for a long distance. This plant, which has better developed floating petioles than E. azurea, does not grow under shade, but in open fields, either simply in the wet mud or in shalloww ater ; in fact, its habits are very much those of the Watercress. I do not doubt that the floats in this case are to diffuse the plant when a bit is broken ofl' by a flood. As the rhizome is attached to the ground, of course the plant cannot be raised up by a flood more than an inch or two without the rhizome being broken. E. tricolor, is almost the commonest of the three species round Pernambuco. I have not seen it in culti- vation. It is, to my thinking, the most beautiful of all the species. The inflorescence is a panicle with spreading branches, often 6 inches long, covered with the blue, yellow, and violet flowers. The figure in the Flora of Bra:il, vol. iii., t. ii., represents a small and young specimen, and gives no idea of what the plant can become. It gi'ows in ditches and water- courses running through swampy fields, and often quite chokes them up. H. N. Eidley. NEW VARIETIES OF POTATOS.— Your correspon- dent '■ X." will greatly oblige if he will be kind enough to give me the names, through the medium of your columns, of two or three varieties of new Potatos suitable for field cultivation. It is neces- sary for that purpose that they should be of robust constitution, the tubers of fair size and shape (kid- ney-shaped or flat round), and when boiled they should be of good colour, either white or yellow, and that the insides will cook through before the out- sides are " pasty "—a common fault with many kinds —i.e., they are not firm enough in texture to admit of their being properly boiled through to the centre before the outsides are all " pap," A Potato suitable for exhibition and one suitable for family use is a Potato of another kind. I have from time to time proved many so-called new kinds and have found them wanting. The American varieties, from " Roses " downwards, have all proved deficient in flavour on my soil. The best flavoured Potato that I ever jANUAfiY 7, 1883.] TBi: GABDENiJES' CHRONICLE. 23 grew (previous to the Potato disease) was a variety called the Uld Winter Dutch (I believe they came from abroad), the last of which I sent to the late Win. Tiliery, at AVelbeck, several years since, he having made enquiry for them through your columns. Since the appearance of the Potato disease I have grown York Regent, li'lukes, Baldhadereen, an Irish kind, Champions, Paterson's Victoria— the best of any Magnum Bonum, and lastly. Heading Hero. These have all done duty in their turn, and the last- named must give way for something fresh to the soil. I may add that I know of only two kinds of Potatos that were grown previous to the spread of the Potato disease that I can now find anywhere in this locality, viz., Ashleaf and Early Shaws ; the last-named had a flavour peculiar to itself, which none of the recent introductions that I have grown possess, excepting, perhaps, the old Lapstone Kidney. The great fault with so many kinds of Potatos is want of constitu- tion, i.e., they have no woody fibre in their stems, and their tubers are soft and tasteless (otherwise they are sweet, earthy, or disagreeable) instead, of that quality of texture which is firm, but yet yielding to the pressure of the fork when cooked, and of a somewhat nutty flavour, which is rather difficult to describe on paper. North Norfolk. BEDDING OUT.— In " G. B.'s " article of December 17 on ■■ Bedding Out," I was pleased to see a change advocated, as regards the massing of showy flowering plants, in the centre of a lawn, but would like him to go a little further and say what he would do with "the boi'der " the remaining eight months of the year. W. B. Jeffreys, Blackheaih Vark. THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S COM- MITTEES.— Permit me to suggest that the formal -meetings of the Fellows of the Royal Horticultural Society to be held on the 10th should be taken advantage of by the Council to make some statement as to the future constitution of the Society's pro- fessional committees, and the nature of the qualifi- cations of members. I ask that, because in the first place I learn that it is proposed to appoint none to the committees except they be Fellows — a course which I would not question if the Council would bringdown their rate of annual subscription, so as to suit the pockets of gardeners generally. If the present high rate be continued it is but too evident that many of the most useful elements of these com- mittees must be excluded from them. But whilst the present arrangement exists of admitting other than Fellows to the committees, it would certainly tend to the giving of some much needed confidence in the Society if the President would make a clear and authoritative statement as to how appointments are made, who selects the favoured individuals, why so selected, and on what grounds certain others are removed annually. The Council must know — indeed, it is perpetually referring to the work of its com- mittees as evidence of the Society's usefulness — that these committees are called upon to discharge duties of the highest horticultural interest and confidence; and the manner in which those duties are discharged can only be appreciated by letting the fullest daylight in upon the method now adopted of selecting the committee members. Spoflr, BRUGMANSIAS.— I have in a cool conservatory at this place a large plant of Brugmansia suaveolens, and one of B. sanguinea. I think formerly [and now] they were called Datura. I cannot find Brugmansia in Loudon, or any other Botanical book I possess. B. suaveolens has produced since last May 139 flowers, and B. sanguinea 94. Last month a great number of flower-buds fell off both plants, and at the present time B. sanguinea has flowers which are nearly opened. The conservatory is not maintained as a warm one in the winter, but in the summer-time the sun shines in very warm in the morning, but after mid-day the house gets shaded by a large Cedar of Lebanon. The plants are aftbrded plenty of water as they stand near to the hot-water pipes. I should be much obliged by any information respecting the proper soil and treatment. M. Freeman, Ryton-on- Dansnwrc, Coventry, [See our Answers to Corre- spondents. Ed.] FERTILISING MOSS. — • We feel much indebted to Mr. Roberts for his letter on this subject. As i)lant3, both soft and hard-wood, are bene- fited by being potted in the moss, Mr. Roberts instancing Bouvardias and Gloxinias, quite justifies its use. i had mentioned Fuchsias and Gloxinias as being plants benefited by its use. It is a perfectly true statement about thp Bouvardias in 6-inch pots bearing thirty to forty heads of bloom each. I remarked in Mr. Roberts' note the statement that plants which endure for many years do well when the moss is used as a top-dressing which I can easily understand, and if the moss is superior to peat and loam in porosity and in capability of absorption, it would be appropriate for some species of Orchids, and is what I intend to experiment on shortly. Mr. Roberts does not underrate the good ([ualities of loam ; he also gives clear reasons for in some instances preferring moss. It is now time some capable cultivator should give us some prin- ciples to guide us in the use of this new substitute for mould, there being nothing so useful as the power to combine theorv and practice. W. Bell, Anneslcy Park. POPULUS PYRAMIDALIS MEETENSIS. — I am interested in the note concerning this tree at p. 818, Dec. 31, but am puzzled somewhat about M.Mathieu's description of it. If, as he says, the Metz Poplar is like the Fulham Oak (Quercus fulhamensis) in growth, then it cannot be columnar in the sense that the term is generally understood. If it be really of a pyramidal or columnar outline, and so rapid and vigorous in growth, it will surely be worth the attention of English nurserymen. Though not 'a lever of the Canadian Poplar, or any other Poplar of similar habit, I should be glad to see one that, while not so strictly columnar as the Lombardy, has not the monotonous rounded outline of the too familiar Black Italian. [Try BoUe's poplar. Ed.] Again, as to the name of the !Metz Poplar, will it not lead to confusion if it is named P. pyramidal Is, seeing that the Lombardy is also known by that name ? P. Eugene is a more distinct name, but according to the new order of thinjis I suppose it ought to be P. canadensis Eugene Simon ! — seeing that it is but a seminal form of P. canadensis. I should be glad of further information about this Poplar, as, so far as I can ascertain, it is not in English nurseries, though large trees of P. Eugenei are said to exist in England. I should like to know also the origin of the Poplars known in English nurseries as the Giant Lombardy and P. canadensis nova. Perhaps one of these is identical with MM. Simon-Louis' seedling. W. Goldring, Knr. GOOSEBERRIES. — Some time since one of my market garden neighbours sent off into Kent a load of 12,O0U Gooseberry bushes for planting, and all of two kinds only — Lancashire Lad and Crown Bob. It is interesting thus to learn tliat in spite of out- cries as to fruit depreciation, there are still growers who have faith in the future. This consignment is but one of many from this district, and but a com- paratively infinitesimal one for the whole kingdom — pretty conclusive evidence that we shall not give up the gi'owingof market Gooseberries just yet. This one lot of l-,000 of two-year-old bushes should plant some 6 to 8 acres of ground, but of course all depends upon the fashion of planting. A few years hence and the breadth will add a thousand bushels of fruit to the general produce. Still it is obvious that such breadths of young Gooseberries are not all gain. Every year old exhausted breadths are being grubbed out, and younger ones are replacing them. It is hard to say how long Gooseberry bushes will endure, but one of the finest breadths in this country just now is nearly twenty years old, and with hard thinnings would pay to stand ten years longer. All depends upon the nature of the top crop— for bush fruits are usually so handicapped — and its density. If the standard trees be not too thick, and be kept well pruned, the Gooseberries are similarly treated, the soil beneath kept clean, frequently forked, and regularly manured, it is difficult to placea limit upon the cropping duration of Gooseberry bushes. In too many gardens breadths are choked with weeds and killed by neglect; once the roots are full of Couch-grass and Convolvulus, and absolute cleaning becomes impossible, whilst a year or two's neglect leaves no other course open but to grub bushes and weeds out clean, and manure the soil and start afresh. That sort of thing is common enough amongst market garden failures : indeed, the men who go to the wall are invariably the lazy and the neglectful, whilst the best attention to all matters as invariably produces the best results. Market growers who have considerable areas of bushes find it to their interest to do tliose well, even for the production of good robust wood, for the formation of cuttings, because if even some 20,000 to 30,000, or even more, be annually propagated, a market is pretty sure to be found somewhere. It is a fortunate thing for the work-people, men and women, when Gooseberry and Currant bushes are thus propagated. The pruning is got through early; women gather up and trim the cuttings, counting them and tying into bundles, whilst the men find welcome employment in planting them. Given a good season, and 90 per cent will root, and if the soil be good and the weather favourable, quite 50 per cent will make nice bushes for planting the first year, and ofttimes many are so sold. If the spring be harsh and dry, breaking is checked, and rooting is slow and late, so that but little top- growth is made that season. In the following winter these yearlings are, as a rule, lifted, trimmed hard top and bottom, and then, some ground being well manured and deeply ploughed, the young bushes are dibbled out in rows, sometimes with the aid of a line, after the ground has been harrowed, and sometimes in the furrow lines left by the plough. The course of treatment is rough, but seems to be very efficacious, especially in the production of nice clusters of fibrous roots which mark the bushes when they are lifted in the following autumn for sending away. Of the two sorts of Gooseberries named, Lan- cashire Lad is by far the most popular. It is just a little later in breaking than is the Crown Bob, and of course a little later in fruiting; but the Lad is rather the hardier of the two, and seems, because a little the latest in breaking, less subject to the attacks of birds — a matter of great importance in all cases, but specially so in market orchards in which there are many thousands of bushes grown. Both the sorts referred to produce fine fruits, which swell up early and soon fill the bushel. Remarkably useful in the giving of employment are Gooseberries, and in many ways good crops add exceedingly to the national wealth. Without doubt bushes have their very pro- lific lives lengthened appreciably by the fact that the demand for early green Gooseberries helps to denude them of their heavy crops before these have begun to prove exhaustive, and the bushes thus get rest, and at the same time ample opportunity ere the leaves fall, to recuperate and plump buds for another year. On the whole there are few fruits more serviceable in many wavs than are Gooseberries . A. D. Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. The following list, which has been sent to us for publication, contains the name of those gentlemen who have been chosen to sit on the various com- mittees during the year 1888 :~ Scientific Committee. Chairman. — Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, K.C.S.I., M.D., C.B., F.R.S., V.P.L.S., The Camp, Sunning- dale. Vice-Chair mat. —yi^^weW T. Masters, M.D.. F.R.S., Mount Avenue, Ealing, W.; Kev. JI. J. Berkelev, F.R.S., Sibbertoft, Market Harborough ; F. P. Pascoe, F.L.S., 1, Burlington Koad, Westbourne Park, W. Hon. iSn-rcfary. — Ul'v. Professor G. Henslow, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S., bravton House. Ealing. Bennett, Alfred * VV., M.A., B.Sc, F.L.S., 6, Park Village East, W. Boscawen, Hon. and Rev. J. T.,Lamorran, Probus, Cornwall. Boulger, G. S., 9, Norfolk Terrace. Bavswater, W. Burbidge, F. W., F.L.S., Trinity College Gardens, Dublin. Church, A. H., F.C.S., Royston House, Kew. Clarke, Colonel R. Trevor, AVelton Place, Daventry. Dod. Rev. C. "Wolley, Edge Hall, Malpas, Cheshire. Glaisher, James, F.R.S., Dartmouth Place, Black- heath, S.E. Green, Professor, Pharmaceutical Society, 17. Bloomsbury Square, W.C. Lowe, Dr. Wni. lly., AVoodcote, Inner Park Road, Wimbledon. Llewelyn, J. T. D., F.L.S., Penllergare, Swansea. Lynch, R. Irwin, A L.S,, Botanic Gardens, Cam- bridge. Maw, Geo., F.R.S., Benthall. Kenley, Surrey. McLachlan, H., F.R.S., Westview, Clarendon Road, Lewisham. S.E. Jlichael, Albert D., F.L.S., Cadogan Mansions, Sloane Square. S.AV. Morris, D., F.L.S., Assistant Director, Royal Gar- dens, Kew. 24 THE GAliDJENl:tiS' CHIiOmCLK [January 7, 188S. Murray, G., F.L.S., Natural History Museum, South Kensington, S.W. O'Brien, James, West Street. Harrow-on-the-Hill. Plowright, C, F.L.8., 7, King Street, King's Lynn. "Ridley, Henry N., B.A., F.L.S., Natural History Museum, South Kensington. Scott, D. H., M.A., Th.D., 8, Thornton Hill, Wirabledou, S.W. Smee, A. II., Tlie Grange, "Wallington, Surrey, Smith, Worthington G., F.L.S., High Street, Dunstable. Tait, Alfred W., 11.5, Entre Quintas, Oporto, Ward, Professor Marshall, The I^aurels, Engle- field Green, »Staines. Wilson, Geo. F., F.R.S., Heatheibank, Weybridge Heath. Floral Comjuttee. Clmlrman. — G. F. AVilson, F.H.S., Ileatherbank, AVeybridge Heath. J'icr-Chairmrti. — Kev. W. AVillvs, Sliirley Vicar- age, Croydon ; Major Lendy. F.G.S., F.L.S., Sunbury- on-Thames; II. Herbst, Kew Koad, Richmond, Surrey. Six-riianj. — Archibald F. Barron, Royal Horticul- tural Society, Chiswicli. Baines, Thomas, Fern Cottage, Palmer's Green, X. Ballantine, II., The Gardens, The Dell, Fgliam. Bates, W., Poulett Lodge Gardens, Twickenham, Bennett, H., Sliepperton, Walton-on-Thames. Cant, B. R., Colchester. Dean, R., Ranelagh Koad, Ealing, W. Druery, C. T., 10, Fhilpot Lane, B.C. Dominy, John, 11, Tadema Road, Chelsea, S.W. Duiheld, G., The Gardens, Bramford Lodge, Winchmore lliU.N. Fraser, John, Lea Bridge Road, Leytonstone, E, Goldring, Wm. 52, Gloucester Koad, Kew. Hibberd, J, Shirley, 1, Priory Road, The Gi"een, Kew. Hill, E., The (iardens, Tring Park, Tring. Holmes, W.,FramptonPark Xurseiies. Hackney, E. Laing, John, The Nui-series, Forest Hill, S.E. Lowe, Dr. W. H., Woodcote, Inner Park, Road, Wimbledon, Masters, Maxwell, T. M.D., F.H.S., Mount Avenue. Ealing, W. Nicholson, G., Royal Gardens, Kew. Noble, C, Sunningdale Nursery, Bagshot. O'Brien, James, West Street, Harrow-on-the-Hill. Paul, Geoi'ge, The Old Nurserv, Cheshunt, Herts. Pilclier, Charles, 84, Ringford Road, West Hill, AVandsworth, S.W. Pollett, li, M., Fernside, Bickley, Kent. Walker, J., Whitton, Middlesex. Wildsmith, W., The Gardens, Ileckfield Place, Winchfield. Wynne, Brian, 17, Catherine Street, Strand, W.C. Fruit Committee. C*fflir»i««.— Robert Hogg, LL.D., F.L.S., HO, St. George's Road, S.W. J'icc-Cliairinen. — T. F. Rivers, Sawbridgeworth ; Arthur W, Sutton, F.L.S., Beading ; H. J. Veitch, F.L.S. , Royal E.KOtic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W. Sccrctani. — Archibald F. Barron, Royal Horticul- tural Society, Cliiswick, Adams, H, J. Koseneath, London Road, En- field, N. Barr, Peter, 34, King Stivet, Covent Garden, W.C. Blackmore, R. D., Teddington. Burnett, J., The Gardens, Deepdene, Dorking. Cheal, J,, Crawley, Sussex. Crowley, Philip, Waddon House, Croydon. Cummins, G, W., The Gardens, The Grange. Wallington. Denning, W., The Gardens, Londesborough Lodge, Norbiton, Surrey. Ford, Sidney, The G.ardens, Leonardslee, Horsham. Haywood, T. B., Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate. Howe, C, Benhara Park Gardens, Newbury. Lee, Jolin, 78, Warwick Gardens, W. Marshall, William, Auchinraith, Bexley. Miles, George T., The Gardens, Wycombe Abbey, High Wycombe. Norman, G., The Gardens, Hatfield House, Hat- field. Paul, William, Waltham Cross, Herts. Pearson, Alfred H., The Nurseries, Chilwell, Notts. Roberts, J., The Gardens, Gunnersbury Park, Acton, W. Ross, Chas., The Gardens, Welford Park, Newbury. Saltmarsh, T. J., The Nurseries, Chelmsford. Smith, James, The Gardens, Mentmore, Leighton Suzzard. Warren, W., Worton Gardens, Isleworth. Weir, Harrison, Hinwick, Lansdowne Road, Tun- bridge AA'eils. Willard, Jesse, The Gardens, Holly Lodge, High- gate, N. Woodbridge, John, The Gardens, Syon House, Brentford. Wright, John, 171, Fleet Street, E C. SCOTTISH HORTICTJLTUBAL ASSOCIATION. At the ordinary montlily meeting of tliis body on tlie 3rd inst., Mr. D. P. Laird, President, a paper entitled " A Chat About Hollies," by Mr. G. Nichol- son, Kew, was read by Mr. Robertson Munro. Another jjaper, entitled '" Horticultural Notes."' was read l)y Jlr. Milne, and Mr. Todd gave some interesting i)articulars respecting the experiences of those engaged in the florist's trade. Mr. James Grieve, Local Secretary of the Scottisli Primula and Auricula Society, directed tlie attention of the meeting to a rumour that the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society had been communicated with by Mr. Gair, of Falkirk, respecting an ott'i-r by Mr. Lightbody, a son of the late Mr. Lightljody. the eminent jVurieula grower of that town, of £15L) in trust, the interest of which was to be devoted annu- ally to a prize for the encouragement of Auricula culture, and to be called " The Lightbody Memorial Prize.'' The rumour was confirmed by Messrs. D. P. Laird and Milne, biitli of whom are members of tlie Council of the Hoyal Caledonian Horticultural Society, who also stated tiiat arrangements were not yet completed with regard to the proposed trust between the donor and the Society, but tliat more would be known of it after next council meeting. Glasgow, F.R.S. Edinburgh, Fellow of the Linnean Society, and twice President of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. He was also a Deputy Lieutenant for the county of Peebles. The appointment to the vacant Chair is in the hands of the curators of the Universitv. Scotsman, Dec. 31, 1887. Professor Dickson.— The death, on Decem- ber 30, under sad circumstances, of Dr. Alex. Dickson, Professor of Botany in Edinburgli University, is announced. Professor Dickson had l)een spending tlie Christmas vacation at his Peeblesshire home of Hartree, and while on the ice there he died. He was very fond of curling, and it is supposed that he was engaged in his favourite pastime when he was suddenly seized with illness. Professor Dickson was born in Edinburgh in 18.3(;, and graduated in medicine at Edinburgh University in 1800. From an early age he devoted much attention to botanical inquiries, and his interest in scientific subjects increased with years. In 1862 he conducted the class of botany in the University of Aberdeen during the illness of Professor Dickie. Four years later, he was appointed to the Chair of Botany in tlie University of Dublin, on the death of Dr. W. H. Harvey ; and in 1868 he became also Pro- fessor of Botany in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. In the same year he was appointed Professor of Botany in the University of Glas- gow, in succession to Dr. Walker-Arnott, and lie filled that office until 1879, when he was translated to Edinburgh as Professor of Botany in the University of Edinburgh, and Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden. His researches in some of the most dilhcult departments of Botany are very important contributions to botanical science. A new class-room was built at the Edin- burgh Botanic Gardens sliortly after Professor Dick- son was a])pointed to his ofiice, and he afterwards arranged for the old class-room being converted into a laboratory formicroscopic experiments. The changes which have been made at tlie Botanic Gardens — mainly in the interests of students— have efl'ected a considerable improvement on the former state of matters, and they may be said to be almost alto- gether associated with the time of Professor Dickson, ilis life was a quiet and unostentatious one, and he had endeared himself to his students, who found in him the most approachable of teachers. He had also gained the aifections of those with whom he was associated as a country gentleman. Professor Dick- son was an honorary M.D. of Dublin, LL.D. of Fruit Register. KEEPING OF APPLES, &c. We find here that Apples are keeping better this year than during the last tliree seasons, and certainly it is several years since such a sound and good crop was harvested ; but be the crop ever so good, their good keeping depends on the time when they are gathered, manner of storing, &c. We find the flavour of the fruit is mucli better than usual, this being remarkable in Beurro Ranee Pear. I may safely say this variety has not been fit to eat here- abouts since 187S. Tlie best late Pear found in the fruit-room at Burghley was Passe Colmar, a variety that has the valuable property of ripening its fruits over a longer period tliaii most other Pears, and which is always good in this district. The same cannot be said always of Bergamot d'Esperen, Easter Beurre, Ne Plus Meuris, and Beurrc Sterck- mans, which are, however, of very fair quality this ' season, I noticed at Bughley a fine samiile of Wellington Apple, also of Barnack Beauty, a local variety which will probably be very largely grown in a few years' time, when better known, as few can surpass it for cropping and keeping qualities. W. H. Dircrs, Kclton Hall. The Weather. THE PAST "WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending Jan. 2, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — "The xccathir has been cloudy or dull generally with occasional falls of cold rain, sleet, or snow. The snowfall which was experienced at the commence- ment of the period on the south-eastern coasts of England was very heavy. ■■ The fciiiprrafiire has continued below the mean in all districts, the deficit ranging from 4° in Scot- ■ land, to 5° or 6° in Ireland, and to as much as 6° to 8° over the greater part of England. Tlie highest of " the maxima, which were recorded on December 27 , in Scotland, and on January 2 in England and Ire- ', land, ranged from 42° in ' Scotland, N.,' and ' Eng- land, N.E.,' to 49° in ' Ireland, S.' The lowest of the . minima, which were recorded on irregular dates, ranged from 13° in ' Scotland, E.,' and ' England, N.W.,' and 15° in ' England, E.,' and ' England, S.W.,' to 2.3° in ' Scotland, N.,' and ■ England, N.E., and to 27° in the ' Channel Islands.' At the end of the period the tliermometer was rising decidedly in all parts of the kingdom. " The rainfall has been less than the mean in all districts. "Bright sumhinchaa been very little prevalent, the jiercentage of the possible amounts of duration ranging from 5 to 13 in most districts. In ' Eng- land, E.,' however, 25, and in the ' Channel Islands ' 39 per cent, was recorded." MEAN TEMPEBATITRE OBSERVED AT CHISWICK DUR- INQ THE WEEK ENDING JAN. H. (AVERAGE OF ' FORTY-FOUR YEAKS.) Jan. 8 ... . ... 36°.3 Jan. 12 .. 36°.5 ,, 9 ,.. . ... 36°.3 „ 13 .. 36". i „ 10 ,„ „ U „. . ... 36°.4 ... 360.1 „ H Mean for the week , .. 36°.6 'j^^lDayofiM. ^ ^ 1 Day of W. Oi c-i Mean Tem. coo td : r K •TllTlZgl r^ s I. a S a ao > cn5 o toh-i I-. a ►< n Fp?r| B E3 B B B S ■"" CO &si& r' p s p 7^ t^ H-' 1 Day of M. ^ ''^ 1 Day of W. DO C» Mean Tem. a>»«^ •13 P •^MlzHr" C^ t^ &pl 5' O g o !^ C^ G ? 2.= 3-0 Z O S-lF-Sg H pr rrPPg " 5^ bbbb" s; E.BS.S, JO ^ ^ 1 Day ot M. sw Day of W. 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Kich V. ant r, G um, tor, -llig o a rectoi : Ass Cur Herb L— Cl g d .2 o § ^ ^Njs;« SOriO > S S H O M K J3 W H H C ^ M P Pi i PrS • S«P3 -^ C3 ■' . ^■sp=;2 g R^ f5 .2 ^- « c o 03 , 5t3 5 3 Ri-j 305 o CS^rfl CD CO CO T^ OS t^ lb Cl C-l r-i .-H r-< lOCD t^COCl X -^ -+■ 71 I X O -r 71 Cl -^< CD CO Cl ^ Cl O .-H CI CO -f O tD !>. 00 CS "/: -s. -f 71 > o t-^ x rt X<:0-f"M Tt< »r:. t- c: -^ X --O -f- 7 1 O O -^ CI TO 71 CI Cl Cl 71 00 0-+ Cl CO-* , > :».-^ :s s = M -I ^ -^ S ^c- ^ '" l.S'" '-■'° tc'^^ > o "^ oj o 5 ?.Ho-">"Sc = 5; -553 i o „ « s s; t) CD o -.^ g o ^'ja^H |£ ° ■-; " o S . ^ r »- Jr-, 't"^ =* a i" j: ?. r-i 2 ^ . o E . ?■ 'S m .ji; 'n j3 t, ^ ° ■«■ 3 ■? 5 . S a Vn -.- '^ c -a S « 5 1= 3 i ^ S .SP^ J :— o 3^ "^ 0-' M SiJ!cq ^-^« 3 " ^ .S CJ C3 *i a. 5 I tea Ui - rt O Ui o z hi; < .2 o« K acrt i l5 H .- ". &■« -11 c J= ^ ;« y^ t^ ""^ - Ur ;-. 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SO at! § -c. a ■:- o — a: t, ,■ < o r» Q- r5 < g: o BH i a s B S j2 r-. .^ -a H-g. JvUTOAET 7, 1888.] TEE GARDE NEB 8' CHBONICLE, 25 Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 32* F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day- degrees — a " Day-degree " signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Above or below the Mean for the week ending Jan. 2. Accumulated. DlBTRIOTS. IS ■11 11 -<* u " as 0 Q Principal Wheat- pro- ducing Districts. . Day- deg. Day- deg. Day- deg. Day. deg. 0. Scotland, N. ... 4 below 0 51 + 20 + 153 1. Scotland, E. ... 4 below 0 64 + 44 + 120 2. England, N.E.... 4 below 0 54 — 108 + 144 3. England. E. ... 6 below 0 70 — 176 + 294 4. Midland Cos. ... 6 below 0 70 — 144'+ 281 6. England. S. 8 below 0 67 — 218 + 247 Principal Grazing, &c., Districts. 6. SOOTI.AND, W. ... 4 below 0 48 — 110|+ 133 7. England, N.W.... 6 below 0 54 — 123 + 180 8. England. S.W.... 7 below 0 51 — 184'+ 272 9. Ireland, N. 5 below 0 41 + 73+ 46 10. IBKLAND, S. 6 below 0 43 + 63+ 153 — Channel Islands 6 below ■i 29 — 154 + 98 Rainfall Bright SimSHIHE. Districts. h. •2§S "I 0 z Is 1^ CD** p. hi m PI Principal Wheat-pro- ducing Districts. Tenths of Inch. Ins. 0 Scotland, N. ... 5 less 241 41.5 13 22 1. Scotland, E. ... 5 leaa 183 24.8 13 31 2. England. N.E. ... 2 less 174 20.5 7 31 3. England, E. ... 3 less 166 19.1 25 39 4. Midland Cos. ... 4 less 143 19.5 11 35 5. England. S. ,„ 4 less 150 21 8 19 33 Principal Grazing, &c., Districts. 6. Scotland, W. ... 7 less 181 .39.0 5 34 7. England, N.W.... 5 less 163 25.4 8 35 8. England, S.W.... 6 less 159 28.5 20 44 9. Ireland. N. 5 less 188 32.5 8 31 10. Ireland, S. 4 less 158 28.6 IS .39 — Channel Islands 6 less 181 25.9 39 48 Notices to Correspondents. Intelligent Readers, do please Note that tetters relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and that all communications intended forpublica- tion^as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munications should be mritten on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in the week as pos- sible. Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editor to see. The frond is crippled ; Adiantum cuneatum ; H. H. it is not a sport. Advertisements : J. A. C. We entirely sympathise with you ; but there are considerations, especially financial, which even an Editor cannot afford to overlook, and this is one of them. AlAtJ!* 'Mfss Jabbistt : R. D. The variety Misp C. Jarrett was shown for the first time, with many other fine varieties new to growers on this side of the Channel, by M. Louis Van Houtte, on May 12, 1885. It is creamy-white, with bright green spots on the upper segments. The flower is fringed at the edge. Books: G. N. See our list of books in this week's issue, p. 10. Brugjiansias : M. Freeman. The plants will do very well stood out in a waj-ra sheltered spot during the summer, and should be again put under glass in September. Plants needing more root room may be potted in April or July. The drainage should be ample, and the compost may consist of loam, one-half ; peat, one-quarter ; burnt earth or leaf- mould, one-quarter; some coarse sand being added to keep the soil open. Durin^ the growing period, and when well rooted, the plants may be watered with some weak manure-water, or a laj'er of deers' droppings may be spread on the surface of the soil. The object should be to make short-jointed floriferuus wood rather than rampant growth, which would scarcely get ripe by the end of the autumn ; and consequently cramping the roots in rather small pots or tubs is to be preferred to too much room for the roots to run into. In the I»eriod from October to the middle of March the watering should be thorough, and applied only when the ball of earth is moderately dry. Building at South Kensington: Reader. Accord- ing to the terras of the agreement the conservatoiy and all other buildings fall into the hands of the Commissioners. Chrysanthemums AT 4 feet in Height : H. H. Train up a main shoot from the cutting, and in June cut it down to about 4 inches from the soil; select three or four of the shoots that result from that operation, and grow the plant quickly by the aid of good soil and stimulating manure. Dead Gardenias: B. Ashton. We have examined the plants sent, but fail to find anything wrong with the roots, although the stem and crown of the root are dead. The appearances point either to some injurious sub.'^tance having been poui'ed on the soil near the plants, or to constant watering with very cohl watei', and which has been allowed always to strike the stem. L.tLiA : J. ]V. M . Very bright form of Lirlia aucejjs. Names of Fkdits : J. If. H. Blenheim Orange. — J. F. Z., DuhUn. 1, not recognised : 2, Calville St. Sauveur. Names of Plants: W. Farley. An Aster, but the specimen is insufficient. — C 3/. 5. Bougainvillea spectabilis, probably. — M. E. B. lie mionitis palmata. — ir. S. L.Tlia anceps. — G. Humphrey. The larger spike is a fine one of Angra^cum ebur- neum, and the other A. e. viri-ns. — W. J. A. 1, Cyprlpedium barbatum ; 2. C. venustum ; 3, Den- drobium Liniawianum, generally known in gardens as D. moniliforme. — Filix. Probably a fragment of some Hymenophyllum. Orchid Foliage : J. B. D. The leaves have the ap- pearance of being in a too warm temperature J.nd too little ventilation. The punctures made by aphis when the leaf is young will likewise appear as spots later on. Peach Shoots Dropping their Buds: J. ^f, The shoots are imperfectly ripened, and may have cast the buds on the less well ripened wood from that cause, or the border is in a dry state. Peach-tree borders want an abundance of water during autumn and winter if the trees are to be kept in health. Plant IN Lead Mine: H. A. C. J. The specimen you send is one of the curious things once called Rhizomorpha, and consisting of the threads or hyphae of some fungus, it is impossible to say which. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Ireland & Thomson, 81, Princes Street, Edinburgh, N.B. — Vegetable and Flower Seeds, and Hybrid Gladioli. C. Filler, Reading, Berks— Vegetable Seeds and Seed Potatos. RoBEHT Veitch & Son, 54, High Street, Exeter — Kitchen Garden and Flower Seeds. W. Cdtbdsh & Son, Highgate, London, N.— Flower, Vegetable, and Farm Seeds. John Downie, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh — Garden Seeds. Thos. Methven & Sons, 15, Princes Street, Edin- burgh, N.B. — Garden, Flower, and Agricultural Seeds. William Fell & Co., Hexham — Spring Seed Guide. Barr & Son, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Gar- den, London, W.C. — Flower and Kitchen Gar- den Seeds. Harrison & Sons, Leicester — Seeds. J. C. Wheeler & Sons, Gloucester — Seed List. T. C. Heinemann, Hoflieferant, Erfurt, Germany — General Seed and Plant List. Peter Lawson & Son (Limited), 1, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh, N.B.— Trade Seed List. H. & F. Sharpe, Wisbech, Cambridgeshire — Whole- sale Seed Catalogue. Oakshott & Millard, Reading— Seed List. Carter, Page & Co., 53, London Wall, City, London— Garden and Agricultural Seeds. W. B. Smale, 30 :ind 31, Fleet Street, Torquay- Seeds. Stuart & Mein, Kelso, Scotland —Amateur's Gar- dening Guide and Spring Catalogue. R. & G. CuTHBERT, Southgate, London, N. — Garden and Farm Seeds. COMMUMCATIOSS RECEIVED.— K. A. L.— J. Inglis.— X. S.— H. Gay.— R. G.— J. B.— W. S.— R. A. R.— J. Downie.— F. S. & Co. — Wild Rose. — Dr. Solereder. Munich.— J. J. Willis.- V. C— C. M.— E. P.. Ghent.— H. A. C. J.— W. E. G.— M. F.— A. H. S.— T. M.— Hlix.— W. B. J.— H. H. CO.— J. T. B.— H. W.— W. J. A.— Professor Corau, Paris.— R. D.— M. Naudin. Antibes.— J. D.— H. P.— R. J. S. — M. B. Middlesburgh.— M. De Mar, Boston (anticipated).— S. & Co.— L. Linden.— J. B. B.— W. P. ^* Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking qiiestions demanding time and research for their solution, mitst not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. Markets. COVENT GARDEN, January 5. [We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined report-3, which, however, are furnishe^l to U3 regiUurly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revisethe list, and whoare responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations represent averages for the week preceding the dat« of our report. The prices depend upon the qualityof the samples, the supply in the market, and they Huctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not betaken aa indicating the particular prices at any particular date, and still less can they be taken as guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.] No alteration to report this week. Jarnes Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.- Average Wholesale Prioeb. i. d. 8. d. Melons, each ... 0 6- 3 0 Pears, ^?ieve ... 2 tJ- 6 0 — French, dozen... 10-16 Pine-apple3,Eng.,lb. 1 0- a 0 — St. Michael, each 3 0-50 Cauliliowers, each ... Celery, per bundle ... Cucumbers, each ... Endive, per dozen ... Green Mint, bunch... Herbs, per bunch ... Leeks, per bunch ... Lettuce, per dozen., s. d. 3. d. s. d. s. d. I Apples, J-sieve ... 13-36 G rapes, per lb. ... 1 0- 3 0 I — Channel IsL. lb. 1 0- 1 6 I Kent Cobs, 100 lb. ...60 0- ... Lemons, per case ...lU 0-21 0 I Vegetables.— At eraos Retail Price* I. d. a. d. Artichokes, p. doz..,. 6 0- ... Beans, Kidney, lb.... 0 ^ ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-30 BrU3. Sprouts, lb. ... 0 4- ... Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... - " ' 0 6- ... 16-20 10-36 2 0- ... 1 0- ... 0 4- ... 0 6- ... 1 6- ... Mushrooms, punnet 10-16 PoTATOS. — Regents. 60j. to 90.1. ; Magnums, hbs. to 70*. ; Hebrons. loOs. ; Punbar Mngnums and Regents. 95*. to 1005. per ton. 0 4- ... 6 0- ... 0 ft- ... 4 0-50 Mustard and Cress, punnet Onions, per bushel Parsley, per bunch Potatos, per cwt. ,, kidney, percwt. 4 0-50 Rhubarb, per bundle 0 ft- ... Srakale. punnet ...16-30 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Spinach, per bushel... 3 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 0- ... Tomatos, per lb. ...10-3 0 Turnips, per bunch... 0 8- ... Plants w Pots.— Atera d.s.d. 0-13 0 0-43 0 0-13 0 Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Azalea, per dozen ...30 Bouvardia. per dozen 9 Chrysanthemums, per do/en 12 Cyclamen, per dozenl2 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Druceena terminalia, per dozen ... ...30 — viridis, per doz. 9 Epiphyllum. doz. ...IJ Knc&i. various, doz. 9 Euonjnnus, in var., per dozen 6 Foros, in v%x., doz. 4 0-24 0 0-24 0 0-12 0 0-ftO 0 l>-24 0 0-24 0 0-18 0 0-18 0 0-18 0 GE Wholesale Prices. i.d. s.d. Evergreens, in ^ar.. per dozen 6 0-24 0 Picus elostica. each .16-70 Foliage plants, vari ouH. each 3 0-10 0 Hyacinths, doz. ... 9 0-13 0 LilyofValley,13pta.l3 0-24 0 Marguerit«3, doz. ... 9 0-12 0 M>Ttles, j)er dozen... 6 0-13 0 Palms, In var., each 3 ft-2L 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 3 (>■■ 6 0 roln»ettla-*, doz. ...13 O-XH 0 Prlmulailnftnj>U,dos. 4 0-60 Solanum. per donn . 0 0-13 0 TuHp» (pota of>. dox. 5 0- • 0 26 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januaey 7, 1888. Oct Flowebs.— AvEBiGE Wholes A.LB Prices. Abutilons. 12 bun ... 3 Arum Lilies, 12 blms. (5 Azaleas, 12 sprays ... 1 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 Camellias. 12 blms... X^, Carnations, 12 blms. 1 Chrysanth., 12 bun. 12 — large. 12 blooms 2 Cyclamens, 12 blms. 0 Euchuris, per dozen 5 Gardenias. 12 blooms 9 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 Hellebore, or Christ- ma.'^, Rose, 12 blms. 0 Hvacin..Rom., 12 sp. 0 Lily of Valley, 12 spr. 0 Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 Mignonette, 12 bun. 3 Poinsetttia, 12 blms. 6 d.s.d. 0-6 0 0-9 0 0-16 6- 1 0 0-6 0 0-3 0 0-30 0 0-6 0 6- 1 0 0-6 0 O-lo 0 6- 1 0 9-2 0 6-10 9- 1 6 0-6 0 0-6 0 0-9 0 Karciss. , paper white, Fr., 12 bunches ... 6 Pelargoniums. 12 spr. 1 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 Primulas, double, 12 sprays 1 — single, 12 bun.... 4 Roses, Tea. per doz. 1 — coloured, dozen. 2 — red, per dozen ... 2 — Safrano, do/en... 1 Tuberoses 12 blma.... 0 Tulips, 12 blooms ... 0 ■\'iolet3, 12buncbes... 1 — French, bunch,.. 1 — Fr. Parme, bun. 5 White Lilac, French, per bunch 6 0-12 0 0- 1 6 8-10 0- 1 6 0-6 0 6-4 0 0-4 0 0-3 0 6-3 0 9- 1 6 9- 1 6 0- 1 6 6-3 6 0-7 0 0- 7 6 SEEDS. London : January 4. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane. E.C., report more disposition to purchase Clover seeds. Prices being now low. and stocks generally exceedingly moderate, the outlook of the approaching spring business is regarded as extremely healthy. Clover seeds all round are this week without quotable variation. Higher rates are demanded for Alsike. Full prices are obtained fur Italian Rye grass on account of the lightness of stocks. There is no change to be noted in Canary seed. Hemp ^eed continues in favour at firmer figures. More money is wanted for Haricot Beans. The Blue Pea trade is slow. Feeding Linseed tends upwards. CORN. Averar/cs. — C)lhcial statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ended DecemberSl. 1887 :— Wheat. 30s. 9(Z. ; Barley, 29s. 3d.; Oats, 16s. Id. For the corresponding week in 1886 :— Wheat, 36s. ; Barlev, 255. Ud. ; Oats, 17s. 9d. FBTTIT AND VEGETABLES. Columbia : January 4. — Moderate supplies of all kinds of fresh vegetables. Trade steady ; prices fair. The Potato trade still languid. Quotations: — Cauliflowers, 2s. to 6s. per dozen ; Savovs, 3s. to 4s. do. ; Brussels Sprouts, 3s. ^d. to 4s. per half-sieve ; Spinach, 2s. per sieve ; Sprouting Broccoli, 2s. to 2s. Qd. do. ; Parsnips, Is. to Is. Qd per score ; Celery, 9(Z. to Is. per bundle ; Seakale. \s. do. ; Greens, 3s. to 4s. per dozen bunches; Turnips, 2s. to 2s. Q>d. do. ; Carrots, 3s. to 3s. &d. do. ; Beetroots, Is. ^d. to 2s. do. ; Horseradish, Is. ^d. to 2s. per bundle ; Onions (English), 85. to 95. per cwt. ; foreign, do., 7s. to 8s. per bag of 110 lb.; English cooking Apples, 3s. ^d. to bs. 6fZ. per bushel ; do. dessert, 4s. 61:^. to 7s. Qd. do. ; American Apples, 9s. to 16s. per barrel. Stratford : January 3. — Good supplies of all kinds, and fair trade at the following quotations ; — Cabbages, 6s. to 8s. per tally ; Savoys, 7s. to Os. do. ; Greens, 2s. ^d. to 4s. do. ; Turnips, 3s. per dozen bunches ; do., 50s. to SOs. per ton ; Carrots, house- hold, 355. to405. do. ; do., 3s. Qd. per dozen bunches ; Parsnips, Qd. to Is. per score ; Mangels, 20s. to 225. per ton; Swedes, 205. to 22s. do.; Onions, English, 8s. to 9s. per case ; do., Spanish, 8s. to 95. per case ; Apples, English, 3s. to bs. per bushel ; do.. American, 15s. per barrel ; Brussels Sprouts. 3s. ^d. per sieve ; Celery, Qs. to Ss. per dozen rolls ; Oranges, 7s. to 95. per case. POTATOS. Borough and Spitalfields : January 3. —Moder- ate supply; dull. Quotations: — Regents, 70s. to 110s.; Magnum Bonums, 80s. to 100s.; Hebrons, 80a. to llOs. ; Champions, 60s. to 70s. per ton. Columbia (East London) : January 4. — Quota- tions;— Beauty of Hebron, 8O5. to 100s.; Regents, 55s. to 75s. ; Magnums, 60s. to 75s. ; Champions, 553. to 65s. ; Victorias, 55s. to 70s. per ton. Stratford : JanwD'y 3. — Quotations : — Magnums, 50s. to 80s. ; Regents, 70s. to 100s. per ton. Imports. — The imports into London last week con- sisted of 3061 bags from Harlingen, 20 Brussels, 385 Hamburg, 158 boxes Cadiz. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets daring the past week : — Clover, prime, SOs. to 98s. ; inferior. 66a. to 82a. ; hay, prime, 70a. to 91s.; inferior, 46a. to 75s. ; and straw, 27s. to 4Ca, per load. Write for Dr. Voelcker'g Report, Pamphlet, Testi- mooi^il-i. and Instructions how to apjilv JENSEN'S Every jrrain fertilizes befau--e tin- Gn;iiio is perfectly pure. It is most economical, one part of Manure to 100 parts of soil being iimple for garden uae. FISHPOTASH FISH-POTASH contains Ammonia, Phosphates and Potash in large proportions, which are the principal elements of fertili/jtion. GUANO. GUANO - 2-lb. Tins, Is. : In Bags, 7 lbs , 2s. ; 14 lbs., 43. ; 28 lbs., 6b. 6d. ; 66 lbs., 10s. 6d. ; 1 cwt., 163. ; 2 cwt., 30s. Special terms for larger quantities. Analysis guaranteed. J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED. 109, Fenchurch Street, London, E.G. EAT and SANJJ.— Litcht Brown PEAT for Nursery and Greeohouse Work, in four-ton trucks of 10 yards each, at lO.f. per yard. In bags at 2s. Brf. per bag. Rhododendron and American Plant Beds, at 15.';. per ton. Orchid Peat. .1.?. per bag. Fre,sh SPHAGNtTM. 7s. id. per bag. SILVER SAND, coarse or fine, 13s. per ton. WALKER AND CO.. Farnboro' Station. Hants. A Sterling Noveltv for 1888, "FERTILIZING MOSS." Intelligent Pliuit Groivers tc ill find this medium for Plant Culture to be eminentli/ nsffiil. It siilts both Soft and Hard-wooded Plants, Ferns, ORCHIDS, and Succulents. (Of a totulli/ diJI'cretit ch'iract'i- to the " Dumesnil" Fertilised MnssJ This is the quality so succes-fully used by Mr. Roberts at Gunnersbury for Bou vardia-* and Gloxinins ; see Gardeners' Chronicle, December .'U and November 12. 1887. Send for full particulars, testimonials, aud prices to the Sole Mmufacturer^, W. "WOOD & SON, Wood Green, LONDON. N. Establishp:i> 18.=ii>. GARDEN I REQUISITES, t^ Two Prizk Mkdals. Quality. THE BEST in the Market, (All sacks included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous ... 5s. per sack, 5 sack.-s. LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST ) Is. per bush., 3s. per sack LEAF, or PEAT .MOULD ... f (sacks included). SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. id. per bush., 14s. half-ton, Ms. ton. RAFFIA FIERE, best only Is. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER 8rf. lb. ; 28 lb.. 18s. SPHAGN'UM JJiiSS. all -selected, 3s. per bush., is. per sack. CHUUB'S" PERFECT" FER-') Lv Bags. TILISER (the Best Food for I ' ^ all kinds of Plants, Flowers, fTins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 661b. Icwt. Fruits, Vegetables, &c, ...) 1/6 3/- .V- 8/- 14/- 22/- CHRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/- VIKGIN CORK (Best Quality onlv) — 3/- .V6 U'/S 17/- KUSSIAN MATS, BAMBOO CASES, PERUVIAN GUANO, NITR.lTEof SOD\, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL. &c. PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Horses and Cattle, £-' per ton. Extra iarsie Sample Bales, 6s. each. COCOA-NUT FIBRE EEFOSE (by Chnbb's special process), sacks, Is.'dd. each ; 10 sacks. Us.; l.S sacks, 15s.; 206aoks, 18s.; 30 feaoks, 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 28s. Limited quantities of G., special quality granulated, in sacks only, 2<. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order. (Bankers, L'nion Bank of London.) CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY BOAD, MILWALL, LONDON. E, CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16,000 of tlie Nobility. Gentry. and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenliouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations, Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside M'Tk. Con.servatories, &c. Prices, Patterns, and Testin;onials. Post-free. LA BELLE SAUVAOE YARD, LUDQATE HILL. £.0. BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— ZWscmMt /or CasT>. ■ Bones— Bones— Bones I CRUSHED BUNES in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns. Potting. Gra.ss Lands, &c ; also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding, Garden GUANO, dissolved BONES, and special M.iNtlRES for all purposes. For prices, apply to HARRISON, BARBER, akd CO. (Limited), Garratt Lane, Wandsworth, Surrey, S.W. GARDEN REQUISITES, of best (juaHti/, as supplied to the Royal Gardens, &;c. BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, 10 sacks for 10s., 16 tor 14s.. 20for 18s.,30for25s. ; two ton truck, 28s. Freeonrail. RUSSIA MATS, from I2s. to 18s. per d02en. FINEST ORCHID PEAT, 7s. per sack. BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 for 23s. id. BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s, id. per sack, 5 for 20s. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel; 14s. }-ton; PURE LEAF-.MOULD, as. per sack. [26s. per ton. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM 3s. per sack. BEST .MUSHROOJI SPAWN, 4s. per bushel. RAFFIA. LABELS, STICKS, BAMBOO CANES. VIRGIN CORK. CHEMICAL MANURES, &c. SPHAGNUM MOSS. lis. per sack. CHARCOAL. 8s. per sack. SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, e;ich8(J.perlb. 28 lb. for 18s. Price List free by post. W. HERBERT AXD CO.. Hop Exchange Warehouses, South- wark Street, London, S.E. PEAT for ORCHIDS, AZALEAS. HEATHS. FERNS. KHODODENDRONS. nnd other choice Piants, The Best In the World. A JOHNSON AM) CO., 23, Leadenhall Street, • London, E.G.. cuntimie to receive tlie highest of te.sti- mouinl^ (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, statiiij:! the ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J. & Co. is by fur the best iWy have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or for- A\ardet^-. tur iiery description of HORTICULTfKAL WORK, tree of churge, and send competent assistants wfien necessary, LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill Row, London, E.C. Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and Coa^ervatories, and Concrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, and Stages, §e it post-free on application. HEATING ENGINEER STOURBRIDGE. Cheapest Si-BEsr EXPANSION JOINTS, PIPES, CGI LS, VALVES, BOILERS S.C. lUUSrmTED USTSFRU ^ RICHARDSON'S HORTICULTURAL GUILDINCS Fixed in any part of the Kingdom with Hot-water Apparatus complete. CATALOGUE NUMEROUS ^yQ^ PRIZE MEDALS. North of England Horticultural 'N^ ^\^ Works, ^«0*V^^ DARLINGTON. ^-'^ To Nurserymen, Seed Mercbants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch- • angel Mat^ lower than any other house in the trade : also Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags, Baffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free. — 1 and 5. Wormwood Street, E.C. RUSSIA MATS&RAFFIA NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL MATS. Taganrog, Petersburg, and every other description of Russian Mats. RAFFIA FIBRE. SPECIAL QUOTATIONS on APPLICATION. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 136. COMMERCIAL STREET. LONDON. E. " Now for the golden wine of Engli.sh meadows! A cool, deep, sparkling beaker of liriuid topaz Nor Reims, nor Rhine can match !" rRADE 1 MOTT & CO.'S GOLD MEDAL LEICESTERSHIRE COWSLIP WINE, of the fine 1887 vintage, is NOW perfect. yjf_4/7 /^Thoroughly Genuine Wine. Pale, brilliant, ^^lightly sparkling, exquisite colour, delicious flavour; not too sweet. Largely used for Dinner, Supper, Dessert, Balls, and Picnics. Excellent Nerve-soother for Neuralgia or Toothache. Sold by Wine Merchants and Grocers throughout Great Britain. Exported to America. China, Australia, S:c. Pamphlet and List of Agents, post-free. Price 16s. per dozen, case, &c. included. Carriage paid on two (iu7en. Sample Bottle, carriage free, 2s, MOTT & CO., Wine Merchants, LEICESTEB. N°E^^T?l?s. RICBY, WAINWRICHT & CO., HOTHOUSE MAyCFACTl'KERS, SHADINGS. Neptune Works, Manchester. ' COTTON WOOL and WADDI.NO for FIori,l3 TIFFANY, and Nurserymen. Send for Samples and Prices. To Horticulturists.— Great economy in Fuel, and other advantages secured by the use of our SMOKELESS ANTHRACITE. — For infer- mation 113 to the mode of using this coal, and prices delivered to any railway .'station, apply to the TRIMSARAN CO. (Limited), 62, Leadenhall Street, London. E.C. GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, 1*0. Lower Thames Street. London, E.C. 2I-0Z. Foreign of the above sizey. in 100 and 200 feet bose?, 3rd-i and 4th-i qualities, always kept in stock. A large istock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glas^ in 200 feet boxes. Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneous Glass Articles, can be obtained from GEOBGE FAKMILOE & SONS, GLASS, LE.\D, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS. 31, St. Johu Street, West Smlthfield, London, E.C. stock List and Prices on application. Quote Chronicle. Hot- water Pipes and Fittings OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 4-inch Pipes at Is. Qd. per yard. y^^^-^T'fe SADDLE, VERTICAL, <^M3«,-'^|fe| and all other kinds of j'^^^l) BOILERS. Lnproved Ventilating Arrangement 1 For GREENHOUSES, tK. I PATENT STEEL TBENTHAM BOILER is far the best, cheapest, and most economical Hot-water Boiler made. The improved facilities for ensuring perfect combustion s&ves i\\e\&nA prevents smoke, a.ndi the efficient arrangement for cleaning out greatly prolongs the life of the Boiler. These Boilers are manufactured and supplied by the Patentees onli/. HOT-WATER HEATING APPARATUS, on the High or Low Pressure principle, erected complete ; efficiency guaranteed. PUMPING MACHINERY for all purposes, ENGINES, BOILERS, 4-c. Illustrated Sheets and Estimates on application. CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE. WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY. SILVESTER'S SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History, and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical Terms. Medium 8vo, cloth, price 25s. BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Max-well T, Masters, M.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 3s. Qd. LINDLEY'S SCHOOL BOTANY. A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students, ito. With 400 Illustrations 8vo, cloth, price 5s. Bd. LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. With Dlustrations. 8vo, cloth, price 9s. LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND (ECONOMICAL BOTANY. With numerous Ulnstra- tions. 8vo, cloth, price 5». LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTI'V^E BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price Is., sewed. .^______________^ London,; BRADBURY, AQNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.C. I I Jancaby 7, 1888.] THE GAB DENE RS' CHRONICLE. 29 HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of EVERY DESCRIPTION, In EITHER WOOD or IRON, or BOTH COUBINED. WOODEN CHAPELS, SHOOTIUa LODOES, COTTAGES, TENNIS COURTS, VERANDAHS, &c. I o 3 o 300 JAMES BOYD & SONS, ^URAL EUILDl .TINQ ENOINEE PAISLEY. HOETICULTURAL BUILDERS AND HKATINQ ENGINEERS, ■adt*^ W - 5e HOT-WATER APPARATUS for WARMING CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS. MANSIONS, HARNESS ROOMS. DRYING ROOMS, HOTHOUSES, and BUILDINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. USEFUL PRESENTS FROM IRELAND. Children'3.. Ladies' Gents' Per doz. . Is. 2d. . Is. 4ii. , 3s. 6d. Per doz. Hemstitched : — Ladies' 2s. lljrf. G»nts' 4s. llrf. CAMBRIC POCKET HANDKERCHIEFS. Embroidered Handkerchiefs, from \s. each. Pretty FANCY BOXES, suitable for half-dozens or dozeus of Handkerchiefs, eacased in Cardboard Covers, so as to pass uninjured by post. Zd., Qd., %d. to Is. 6rf. each. IRISH DAMASK TABLE LINEN. Sanpies and Illustrated Price Lists, post-free. I?ISH NAPKINS, 25. lid. per dozen. Dinner Napkins, 5.9. Qd. per dozen. Table Cloths. 2 ytirds sriuiire. 2s. ll^. ; 2^ yards by 3 yards, &•!. lid. each. Kitchen Table Cloths, ll^d. each. Sirong Huckaback Towels, 4j. 6 i- per dozen. Monograms, Initials, &c.. Woven and Embroidered. ROBIiMSON & CLEAVER, By Special Appointments to H.M. the Queen and H.I. and R.H. the Crown Princess of Germany, BELFAST. ROB I N SO N AND CLEAVER'S MATCHLESS SHIRTS. Best Quality Long Cloth, with 4-fold finest Linen Fronts. 36s. Bd. per half-doz, (to measure or pattern, 2s. extra). Pat- terns of materials used, also of newest styles in Fancy Cotton, Flannel, Silk, and Silk and Wool Shirtings sent free on ap- plication. made as good as new, with best material in Neck- bands, Cuffs and Fronts, for 14s. the half-dozen. OLD SHIRTS Price Li.sts and Samples of Linen Collars, Cuffs, Handkerchief'^, Table Linen, and all kinds of Linen Goods, post-free. ROBINSON & CLEAVER (Telegraphic Address : — " L I N E N "), BELFAST. THE GOHAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post-free Sjd. ; Twenty-five Copies, 53 ; fifty, 10s. ; and one Imndred, !iOs. Parcels of not leas than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W-C. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDOK, W.C. _1888. Pleate tend me " The Gabdenehs' Chkoniclb " for ^Months, emn'menang_ ^ifor which I enclose P.0.0._ &" Please Note that all Copies sent Direct fVom this Office must be paid for In advance. ^ THE UNITED KINODOM :— 12 Months. 16s. ; 6 Months, 7s. W. ; 3 Months. 3s. id. ; Post-free. FOKEIQN SUBSCKIPTIONS (ezcepting India and China) ;— Includine Postage, 17s. 6rf. tor 12 Months, India and China, 19». id. Receipts for less than six mouths' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for. P. 0,0. to be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND." 0 C, Jan. 7, 1888. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, AXD AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONBON, E.C. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &G. IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. Special Estimates given for Larf;e I'lHil rin t-^ in Fencing, Rooting, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put down. Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. ROCKERIES, FERNERIES, window CASES, CAVES, W-4TERFALLS. WINDOW BOXES, AQUARIA, ARTIFICIAL ROCK WORK for Ballrooms, Hall^, Staircases, &c., temporarily erected and constructed, under personal superintendence of HARPHAM AND HOWES. Horticultural Depot, 107, Church Street, Edgware Eoad, N.W. Estimates and Illustrated Lists Free. FAWlvES' Slow-combus- tion HEATING APPARATUS. -Fourth Season — numerous im- portant improvements introduced. Most efficient Qud cheapest in ex- ist^ence. Requires no sunk stokehole and no brick setting. Will last all night without attention. Will burn iiouse cinders, therefore costs next to nothing for fuel. Any one can fix it. A domestic servant can stoke it. Boilers Delivered Carriage Paid from £2 lOs. Numbers m use all over tlie country. Only Slow Combustion Ap- paratus of the kind. Beware of in- e^cietit incom- p/ete Apparatus, which will not last all night. Full particular^ and Prices ol every sized Ap^ poratus, auil numerous Testi- monials for last three seu-soiis, showing enorm- ous success, post^ free on applica- tion. CROMPTON & FAWKES, CHELMSFORD. 30 TEE GARDENEHS' CHRONICLE. [Janttaet 7, 1888. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as two. 4 Lines . . £0 3 0 15 Lines . . £0 8 6 6 „ . . 0 8 6 16 . 0 9 0 6 . 0 4 0 17 . 0 9 6 7 „ . . 0 4 6 18 . 0 10 0 8 , . . 0 5 0 19 . 0 10 6 9 , . . 0 5 6 20 . 0 11 0 10 ;, . . 0 6 0 21 . 0 11 6 11 „ . . 0 6 6 22 . 0 12 0 12 „ . . 0 7 0 23 . 0 12 6 13 „ . . 0 7 6 24 . 0 13 0 14 „ . . 0 8 0 25 . 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERT ADDITIOXAL LINE. If get across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s. K set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30s. Page. £S: Half Page. £i Id.!. ; Column, £5. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 28 word^, including name and address, Is 6d., and 6rf. for every additional Hue (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Poat-offices, a.t all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and ^Iarriages, 5s. each insertion. Advertisements for the current iceek must reach the Office by TTiursdiry noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kingdom : 12 Months. 15s. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Mouths. 3s. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China 19s. 6d. Post office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRURY LANE, W.C, to W. Richards. Pdblishixg Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, Lonrion, W.C. Accidents all the Year Round. Provide against tiiern by Policy of the RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY. 64. Cornhill, London. E.C. Hon. Evelyn Ashley. Chairman. Annual Income, £J4S.OOO. Invested Capital and Reserve Fniid. £375.000. Compensation Haid for 128.000 Accidents. £2.500.000. Moderate premiums — Favourable conditions — new concessions. Prompt and Liberal Settlement of Claims. West End Office :— 8. Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. Head Office :— 64. Cornhill. London. E.C. WILLIAM .T. VIAN, Secretary, MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL— COMFORTINa. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING IVIILK, Estate Sales. The best County medium for Advertising Sales of Estates is THE WORCESTER HERALD, the largest and leading County paper. Extensive circulation among the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adjoining counties. Adverti-^ers would do well to forward for re;erence and distribution, phins and particulars of E-^tates, Catalogues of Machinerv, Furniture, Books, and other property advertised in the colunis of the Worcester Herald. Specimen copies sent free. Published Friday for Saturday, price 2d. Offices, 72, High Street, Worcester. Sales of Stock and Agricultural Effects. THE WOUCESTEK HERALD is the most effective organ for giving publicity to announcements of this class. It is the large-it and leading Agricultural paper in the county, and circulates most extensively among Agricul- turists in and around Worcestershire. Specimen copies free. Published Friday for Saturday, price 2rf. Offices, 73, High Street. Worcester. Farms to be Let. LAND AGEXTS. ESTATE MANAGERS, and all having Farms to Let. would do well to Advertise in THE WORCESTER HERALD, the Largest and Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for bringing such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large Circula- tion, moderate charge. Specimen free. Price 2d. Published Friday for Saturday. Offices, 12, High Street, Worcester. Cheap Edition. GOLDEN GATE. Mr. Shirley Hibberd's Phantasy of Fact and Fiction, Philosophy and Fun, Stories, Fables, Verses, Sense, Nonsense, and Incense. Price 2s. 6rf., post-free. E. W. ALLEN. 4. Ave Maria Lane, E.C. A Kevised and Enlarged CKeap Edition. NOfV HEADY. VINES AND VINE CULTURE: THE BEST BOOK ON GRAPES EVER PUBLISHED, BY AUCHIBALD F. BARRON, superistende.nt of the royal horticultural society's Gardens. Secretary of ihe Fruit Committee, &c. Chapte; I. II, III, IV. V. VI. vir. viir. IX. X. XI. XII xiir XIV, XV XVI XVII, XVIII. XIX, XX. XXI XXII. XXIII. XX tv, XXV, XXVI, XXVII. Plates I.- CONTENTS. . Historical Sketch. Propagation of the Vine, Hybriilising and Raising Vines from Seed. Vine Borders: their formation, soils. &c. Structures for Grape Growing. Heating of Vineries. Planti ng Vines ; when and how to do it. The General Management of Vineries. Pruning and Training the Vine. Disbudding and Stopping the Shoots. . Setting the Fruit. Thinning the Fruit. Keeping the Fruit. Packing Grapes. Pot Culture of Vines. , Fruiting Vines in Pots. Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants. Ground Vineries. The Great Grapj Conservatory at Chiswick. Vines on Open Walls, Commercial Grape Culture. Diseases and other Injuries. Noxious Insects. Selections of Grapes for Special Purposes. The Classification of Grape Vines. The Varieties of European Grapes, The \'arieties of American Grapes, ■XXX, : Illustrations of the best kinds of Grapes. "JOURNAL OP HORTICULTURE" OFFICE, 171, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C. To be had also of A. F. BARRQX. Hoi/at Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick, London, IF. Demy 8vo, Handsomely Bound In Clotb, Price 53. ; Post-free, 6s. 6d. THE SYDNEY MAIL. AND NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER. CONTENTS — INTERCOLOXIAL and GEXERAI, NEWS. SPORTrNG aiKl the FIELD, in which ia incorporated BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY. RECORD of R.4CES. and KOTES on the TITRF. CRICKET and .\QUATICS. THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and engraved especi- ally for this Journal.) NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.) AGRICULTURE. PASTORAL. HORTICULTURE. GOLD FIELDS and .MINING generally. STOCK and SHARE REPORTS. ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. TALES hv POPULAit ENGLISH and AUSTKAUAN AUTHORS. THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY. IN"DOOR AMUSEMENTS THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE. COMMERCIAL NEWS. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the Australian Colonies. New Zealand, Polyii:-Ma. &c. It contains a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects. Subscription In Advance, £1 63. per Annum. Single Copies, 6d. ; Stamped, Id. Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales. ENGLAND. The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are authorised to receive AD^'ERTISEMENTS for the SYDNEY' MORNLNG HERALD and S\"DNEY MAIL ;— London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co.. 'iO, Cornhill. E.C. Mr. F. Algar. 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street. E.C. Messrs. Gordon & Oot<:h, St. Bride Street, Fleet Street, E.C. Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand. Bristol James and Henry Grace, Royal Insurance Buildings. Manchester... James and Henrj' Grace, 73, Market Street. Edinburgh ... Robertson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street. Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange Place Copies of each Journal are filed at the above Offices for the use 0/ Advertisers. The Lady lUUSTRATED. ^ ^ ^ , ^.^ . ' 6K-. iTt. ri.U.r situation. — Address as above. ''.R (Head Working, where two ^ kept, or good Single-handed).— Age 27; 'ancl'es. First-class character.— W. UUTT, 1 Hill House, Winkfield, Windsor, Berks. '< (Head Working, or Sinqlk- 'flrried ; fifteen years in last situation. Understands Gardening in all branches. Bedbunplou HjII, Uavant. G t ([^ARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).- T Age 32, married, one child (8 years) ; seven years' cha- racter. Nearly three years in last situation. Understands Gardening in all branches. State wages. — GARDENER, 1:^5, Holdenhurst Road, Bournemouth. GARDENER.— Age 42, married ; thoroughly trained and experienced in all branches. Twenty-one years' experience as Head. Good character, &c. — H., 16, Clay- ton Street, Kennington Oval, London, S.E. GARDENER; married. — A Gentleman wishes to recommend his Gardener — a thoroughly com- petent and most highly respectable man. — J. Q., Clovelly, Freshwater, Lsle of Wight. GARDENER (Working).— Age 45, married, no family. Overtwenty ye.trs' experience in all branches. Also good Market Grower. — J. E., 15, Elgin Terrace, Maida Vale. N.W. C^ ARDENER (good Single-handed). — Age ^ 3iJ ; married, three children. Stove, Orchids, &c. Has shown succesfully. Five years' reference. — J. HOLH- DAY, 48, Selsdon Road, South Croydon. Surrey. GARDENER (Single-handed, or Second, where two or three are k^ptj. — Age 21 ; good character Altstainer.— H. C, I^Ir. Meadows, St. James' Lane, Muswell Hill, N. GARDENER (Second), in a good Estab- lishment. — Age 25 ; three ;ind half years' good recom- mendation from present emplover. — State wages and particu- , lars, to \V. SKEGGS, The Gardens, Streatham Grove, Nor- wood, S.E. GARDENER (Second or Under).— Age 22; seven and a half years' experience Inside and Out. Three years' ^ood character. — E. RIXON. Normanstield, Hamp- ton Wick. Middlesex. GARDENER (Under). — Age 18 ; three years' experience. Call be well recommended. — JOHX R. WATSON, Potter Hanworth, Lincoln, G^ ARDENER (Under), or JOURNEYMAN, i in the Houses. •=— Age 2b ; eight years' experience. Good referent e^ from previous employers. — E. TROLLOPE, 2, Chuich Road. Acton. W. GARDENER (Under), Inside and Out, or JOURNEYM.VN. Inside; age 2L— C. J. WaiTE will be pleased to recommi-nil a young man as above, having served under him in the Hou'^Jes and Outside. — C. J. WAITE, Glen- hurst Gardens, Esher, Surrey. GARDENER (Under), and COWiMAN.— Age 26, single. Strong, and willing to make himself generally useful. — \V. DAY, Codicote. Welwyn, Herts. I"'OREMAN. — I can recommend a man as Foreman in the Houses (one or two .Tourneymen), very smart, active, and persevering. A good workman, and tutal abstainer.— GARDENER, Davenport. Bridgnorth. Salop. To Nurserymen and Market Growers. FOREMAN.— Age 30; thoroughly practical. Well up in all branches of tlie profession. Excellent character from previous employers. — G. C, Montana House, Shepperton. FOREMAN, in the Houses; age 26.— Mr. Thomas Kiso. Gardener, Devizc'^ Castle, will be plen-^ed to recommend nn active and intelligent man as above. Thirteen years' experience, with excellent character. — Address as above. II'ORExMAN, in the Houses ; age 24.— Mr. Allax, Gardener to Lord Ashburton, The Grange, Alresford, Hants, will be pleased to recommend W. Hibberd, as above, to any Gardener in want of a thoroughly competent, active, ami -^ti'ady miin. UUREMAN, I'RUi'AGATUH, or MANAGER, i where all kinds of Choice Cut Flowers and Fruits are wanted in quiintity and quality. — Over twenty years' experi- ence in Growing for Covent Garden Market, Understands the Erection of Glass, Heating the same. Laying Down Fruit Plantations and every Branch of his profession. — \V. JOHN- SON, High Street, New Hampton. 0 REMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER. Age 30 ; Weil up in the general routine of the Plant. Cut Flower, and Fruit Trade.— \V. WEST, Brighton Nursery, Hove, Sussex. To Market Growers and Others. FOREMAN PROPAGATUU and GROWER. — Age 1'7 ; twelve year^' experience in Growini; larpe quantities of Ferns. Dractenas, Fuch-^ias. Solanums, Cyclnmens, Pelargoniums, Hydrangeas, Chrysauthemiims, Bouvardia?, Forced Flowers of all kinds, Cncu-nbers. Tomatos, &c. Good character.— LAMBERT, Warrington Road, opposite " Plough," Prescot, Liverpool. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR and GRAFTER of Rhodo- dendrons, Clematis, Conifers. Ac. — Age 24 ; good refer- ence.—W. BARNARD. Eden Road, Walthamstow, Es«ex. OSE GROWER, Indoors or Out, Nursery or Private. — Thirtet-n years' experience, eleven years with Mr. G. Paul, of Cheshunt. Used to Exhibiting or Growing for Market.— T. SKEGGS, 3, Church Road, Welling, Kent. NIFEMAN, and Hardy Fruit PROPA- GATOR.— Age 28; twelve years' experience in the general routine of Outdoor Nursery Work,— T. K., Lower Lyde. Herefurdshire. GENERAL HAND, in a good Nursery.— Age 23; four years' experience. Three years' good character.— H. BUTTING, West Tarring, near Worthing, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN ; age 20.— C. Ings, Gardener to SirSpencer Wells, Bart., Golder'8Hill,Hampstead.N., wishes to recommend his son as above. Strong and obliging. JOURNEVMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 22 ; seven years' experience. Good references. — W. JONES, The Street Gardens, Chorley, Lanes. JOURNEYMAN, Inside ; age 21.— The Gardener, Offchurch Bury, Leamington, wishes to recom- mend a respectable, trustworthy young man. Four years' good character. — Apply as above. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and Out, under Foreman in good establishment. — Age 21 ; six years' experience.— F. BURTON, The Gardens, MaUis Hall, Cross Hill, via Leeds. OURNEYMAN ; age 21. — Mr. Barkeb, Gardener to the Earl of Duuraven, Adare Manor, Limerick, wishes to recommend a young man to any Gardener requiring a very steady, industrious, and reliable man. MPROVER, in a good Nursery.— D. W. S., Claremont Villa, Uckfield, Sussex. I IMPROVER, with premium, in a Nobleman's Garden. — Age 18; three years' experience. — GEORGE JONES, Church Street, Edmonton, Middlesex. IMPROVER, Private or Trade Establishment. — Age 18; strong. — Good references. — A. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. IMPROVER.— George Bishop, Ketton Hall, Stamford, will be happy to engage with any Nobleman's or Gentleman's Gardener. — For full particulars, apply to K. GILBERT, Burghley, Stamford. IMPRUVEK, — Age 17 ; three years' practice in Flower and Kitchen Garden, and Glass Department. Small Premium given.— EOBERr BELL, Newsells, Koyston. Herts, TMPROVER, in a good Garden,— Age 17; JL strong, active, willing to give small premium. Good character.— H. WALKKR, 32. Upper Lytre Street, East Greenwich. n-iQ MARKET N UR8EHYMEN.— Young man, JL age 2b, seeks situation in Market Nursery. Accustomed to Growing Ferns, Sto\*e Plants, and general Slarket stuff. — II , Royal Oak Inn, Thorncombe, Chard. Somerset. 'PO MARKET NURSERYMEN.— Age 21 ; J- wanted a situation in Market Nursery under the Fore- man. Previous experience. Good reference. — C. W. BAINS, 32. Thesiger Road. Penge, S.E. 'Tnj NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.— JL Required the .Management of a Fiorist and Fruit Busi- ness, Wholesale or Retail. Practicil in every branch of the Trade. First-class references. — M., Oaravners' Chronicle Oflice, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. SHOPMAN, MANAGER, or TRAVELLER. — Age 35 ; energetic. Well up in Seed and Nursery Trades. Open to an engagement. Highe--t references to some of the principal houses in the Trade. — D., 11, Rutford Road. Sheliield. SHOPMAN, BOOK-KEEPER, or TRAVEL- LER. — Young, married ; character will bear the strictest investigation. No objection to go abroad. — S. W., Seton Rest, Great Malvern. SGsd T'rads SHOPMAN .—Age 28 ; thirteen years' thorough practical experience in Wholesale and Retail. Has done a journey. — A. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 4X, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. CHOPMAN, or IMPROVER.— Nearly four ^^ years' experience. Good references. Moderate salary. — C. GREF,NWOOD. 4», St. Georgi>'s Street, Canterbur)'. To the Trade. SALESMAN and ORDER COLLECTOR ; age ;)0. — Advertiser, fourteen years with his present employer, Mr. B. S. William-', \'ictoria Nurseries, Upper Hollo- way, seeks an engagement in either of the above capacities or both. Could also take charge of Packing Department. Hiis also had good experience m Decorating and Attending Kxhibi- tions. and Nursery Work in general. Good references from the above.— F. W. ROOT, 140. St. John's Road, Upper Hollowiiy. N. CLERK. — Seelv3 re-engagement. Has just terminated seven years' sen-ice as Head Clerk at Messrs. Laing's, Forest Hill. Thorough knowledge of Book-keeping by double entry. First clas>9 Penman, and character KOod on all point*-. Personal reference to Mr. Laing; also to Mr. Box, now at Croydon.— J. C. B., 8. Darlield Road. BrOL-kley, S.E. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS are the best, the cheapest, and the nio^t popular remedies. At all seasons and under all circumstances they may be used with safety and with the certainty of doing good. Eruptions, ra.the9, ana all descriptions of skin diseases, soren, ulcerations, and bnrns are presently benelited and Ultimately cured by these healing, soothing, and purifying medicamenl'i. The Ointment rubbt-d upon the abdomen checks all tendency to irritation of the bowels, and averts dysentery and other disorders of the intcatines. Pimples, blotches iutlammation of the nkin, muscular paini, neuralgic affections, and enlarged glands can be effectively overcome oy using Holloway's remedieaaccording to the " iu^jtructiou:) " accompanying each packet. 32 THE OARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jandaet 7, 1888. CHARLES SHARPE & CO.'S SPECIALTIES, 1887-8. SHABFE'S PEA. 3s. 6d. per pkt. VICTORY. First-class Certificate, K.H.S., 1888. This maf^nificeiit variety surpasses every- thing we have ever seen. The habit of the plant is vigorous and much branched. Pods produced in pairs, occasionally three together, well tilled with large Peas, ten to eleven, of extra fine flavour, and deep green colour when cooked. Height 2 feet. SHARPE'S PEA. 2s. 6d. per k pint. EMPRESS. An improved NePIus Ultra. Deep green pods of immense size, containing ten or more fine large deep green Peas, of exqui- site flavour. Height 5 feet. SHARPE'S PEA. 33. per pint pkt. Is. 6d. per i pint packet. QUEEN. A grand Blue Marrow; height 2 feet. Pods large, deep green, -with large, green, deliciously flavoured Peas. It is so con- tinuous a cropper that a constant supply may be maintained by it alone after the first crop is ready. SHARPE'S PEA. Is. ed per pint packet. Is. per i pt. pkt. SIR F. A. MILBANK. A magnificent, large. Blue Wrinkled Marrow. Peas extra large — de^ip green. Very hardy. Height 5 feet. SHARPE'S PEA. Is. 6d. per pint. packet. Is per S pt. pkt. TRIUMPH. A fine Dwarf Blue Wrinkled Marrow, fine flavoured uud heavy cropper — sixty- nine Pods, with nine to eleven Peas iu each, gathered from one plant. SHARPE'S PEA. 2s. 6d. per quart. Is. 3d. per pint. PARAGON. Hardiest and earliest large Wrinkled Marrow. Successive crops can be had for four months. tirst-ctass Certificate H./f.-i., 1.H84. SHARPE'S POTATO. Is. per pound. STANDARD. The finest round Potato ever sent out. An extraordinary cropper, flesh white, mealy, and of excellent flavour ; handsome large flattish-round tubers. For full description see Advertisements iu the Horticultural Papers ; or SHABPE'S SEED LIST FOB 1888, Post-free on application. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD. TRADE PRICES ON APPLIOATIOK. CHARLES SHARPE & GO.'S SPECIALTIES, 1887-8. SHARPE'S POTATO. 6d. per pound. VICTOR. The earliest, quickest, and most pro- ductive kind for forcing or early planting- ready for table in from six to eight weeks. SHARPE'S POTATO. 2s. 6d. per stone. SHARPE'S BROCCOLI. 23. 6d. per pkt. SHARPE'S BROCCOLI. Is. per packet. SHARPE'S BEAN. Is. per pint. SHARPE'S CUCUMBER. 2s. per packet. DUKE OF ALBANY. Most valuable main crop variety — good to use from July to March. MONARCH. Firm clear heads of great weight, large ; pure white: often 12 to 15 inches in dia- meter, and attaining prices in the Market up to 9^. per dozen. Season, March and April. SELECTED WINTER An improvement upon Osbom's" Dwarf, with firm, pure white heads. Ready foi use from the middle of November forward. CONQUEROR. The longest - podded variety known. Pods often 1*5 to 18 inches long. Fine for Exhibition. SHARPE'S BEET. Is. per packet. EPICUREAN. The most prolific, earliest, deepest in colour, and finest in flavour of any variety grown. Fruitlonpand very handsome. It is simply perfection. EMPEROR. The finest of the glossy-leaved varieties used for bedding. Leaves metallic in ap- pearance and very deep in colour. The root is deep red, without rings, and very rich in flavour. SHARPE'S TOMATO. Is. per packet. SHARPE'S ONION. Is. per packet. ECLIPSE. A remarkably prolific variety. Fruit globular, smooth, growing in large clusters at every joint ; exquisite flavour, colour bright cherry-red. PRIZE WHITE SPANISH. The best type of the Banbury section of Onions. For full description see Advertisements in the Horticultural Papers ; or SHARPE'S SEED LIST FOR 1888, Post-free on application. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD. TRADE PRICES ON APPLICATIOS. SANKEY AND SON'S GARDEN POTS. STOCK, 1,080,000. WEEKLY OUTPUT, 163,000. BULWELL POTTERIES, NOTTINGHAM. Carriage and Breakage Free on £10 Orders. Half Carriage and Breakage Free on £6 Orders. SampUs and Prices Free, The vwst porous, strongest, lightest, best coloured, and best shaped pots in the world; do not turn green. Cheapest and most durable. HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS. Catalogues post-free. Obtain Estimates from us before giving out Orders. Every requisite made for Gardeners and Grounds. BOULTON & PAUL, CONSERVATOKIES, PLANT HOUSES, STOVE and GREENHOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, FORCING HOUSES, Designed in a Practical Manner. Best Materials and Experienced Workmen. Ettimatea Free. HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. HEATING ""'*'>ATUS. S 00 Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertistmf nt? and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office. 41, Wellington Sti Printed by WIJJXIM RICSA£DS, at the Office of Messrs. BeaCBUBt, Aqnew &. Co., Lombarcf Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County «Hd WlUUM Stc&kSCS, at Ue Office, il, Wellingtvo Street, Fahsb () Picea ajanensis 62 Plants under glass 47 42 Potatos, new varieties of 61 43 Rainfall at Warwick ... 53 44 Roses, replanting 43 47 ,, some neglected 42 SU Royal Horticultural So- 49 ciety m 53 Societies :— 60 National Chrysanthe- mum 63 49 Royal Horticultural ... 62 lia Trade notices : — Hurst St. Son 45 sa Trees and shrubs, planting 62 Vanda ccerulea 40 54 Weather, the 67 Amaryllis, the American notes Birmingham G-ardeners' Association Booatea sp<>ciosa Chrysanthemums, exhi- hitions of Govent Garden supplies ... „ „ and the Duke o£ Bedford Croton.the Cultural memoranda Cypripedium Pitcher- ianum Discovery, a curious Duranta plumieri var. alba Flower garden Flowers in season Fran9oi3 Lacharme Freesias Fruits under glass Gardeners' Royal Bene- volent Institution Gardening appointments Gooseberry caterpillar and red-spider Horticultural Societies, list of Illustrations. Duranta Plumieri var. alba 45 Nash Court, Faversham. Conservatory at (Supplement). Picea ajanensis, cone, &c. ... ... ... ... ... 53 Vanda CGsrulea, group of 41 Back Numbers of the '* Oardenera' Chronicle." NOTICE.— All Back Numbers of the " Gardeners' Chronicle " are now Sd. each. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular positioji be guaranteed for ad' vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.— All Numbers of the " Gardeners' Chronicle " from January 1 of this year are still to be had. rpHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE J~ IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is 84.30 for Twelve Months. Agent for America :— C. H. MAROT, 814, Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. II.. Third Series, JULY to DEC. 1887. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. Charles Sharpe Sc Co.'s Wholesale Catalogue. CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Seed Mer- chants. Sleaford, have Posted a Copy of their Wholesale CATALOGUE to all Customers. In any case where it may not have been received, they will be glad to be informed, in order that another may be sent. GLADIOLUS. — The very best in cultivation, as well as the best leading varieties. Descriptive LIST Free on application. RICHARD SMITH AND CO.. Seed Merchants and Nursery- men, Worcester. CARNATION "GLOIRE DE NANCY," without doubt the grandest Carnation ever sent out for Cut 03 well as Conservatory and the Open Border. Flowers from 2 to 3 inches across, pure white, and strong Clove- Bcented. More robust than the old red Clove, and freer. Good rooted Layers, 26s. per 100, 15s. for 60. 8s. for 25. Cash with order. E. COLLINS and SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery, WillMdan Junction, London, W. The Book for a Christmas Present to Gardeners. VINES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s., post-free 5^. 6d. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society. Chiswick. O THE TRADE. — JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT AND BEALE'S WHOLESALE CATALOGUE of VEGETABLE SEEDS, FLOWER SEEDS, and SUNDRIES has now been posted to all customers. If not received another copy will be sent on application to 2.37 and 238. High Holborn. London, W.C. Full of Useful Information— No Charge. BARR'S 1888 SEED CATALOGUE, now ready. In addition to the usual valuable information, will be found special remarks on the Culture of the TOMATO and TOBACCO as INDUSTRIES, with a Special List of HIGH- CLASS POTATOS, handsome in form, pleasant in flavour, and bountiful croppers. CATALOGUE free on application to BAER AND SON. King Street. Covent Garden. W.C. ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound bulbs, 4s., 6s., 9s., 12s., 18s., and 24s. per dozen ; extra strong, 30s. and 42s. per dozen. All other good LILIES at equally low prices. Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 536. King's Road. Chelsea. London, S.W. RUCE FINDLAY PEA, the sweetest and most proline. See testimonials in KELWAY AND SON'S Manual for 1888.— Langport, Somerset. C QUELCH AND BARN HAM, O North Row, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN TO DIS- POSE OF any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES, TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS. FRENCH BEANS, STRAW- BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, &c. Highest Market Prices obtained. Account Sales daily ; Cheques weekly or as preferred by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. References given. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, NUBSEETMEN, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP." r^HARLES HART, " The " Nursery, Beau- \y mont Road, Leyton, Essex, and Stands Nos. 90 and 91, Flower Market, Covent Garden W.C, is prepared to BUY and SELL CUT FLOWERS on Commission. Remittances for- warded daily or weekly as desired. Surplua Cut Flowers. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited) Receive and Dispose of any quantity of above at best Market Prices. Boxes. &c., supplied. — Address, Commission Department, HOOPER AND CO. (Limited), Covent Garden. London, W.C. ANTED, WHITE FLOWERS. Good prices. Remittance same day. GEORGE PHIPPEN, F.R.H.S., Reading. WANTED, strong, bushy, Transplanted QUICK, for stopping gaps. State height out of ground and price per thousand to A. THORNTON. Esq., Beaurepaire. Basingstoke. WANTED, Large Specimens of PALMS, such as SEAFORTHIAS, KENTIAS, ARECAS, CORY- PHAS. LATANIAS. &c. State lowest cash price to W. WEEKS, Nurseryman. 440, Fulham Road, S.W. ANTED, Standard CHERRY and APPLE TREES, good sorts and trees. Full parti- culars to J. JAMES ilKD SON. Woodside, Farnham Royal, Slough, ANTED, a quantity of PEACH and NECTARINE TREES, Standard and Trained. State size and price. F. KENT, Market Gardener, Lambley, Notts, ANTED, Standard APPLES, Cox's Orange Pippin, and Blenheim Orange. Standard CHERRIES, Waterloo. Pyramid PEARS, prtmaston Duchess, Marie Louise. THOMAS BUNYAED, Ashford. Special Offer of Fruit and Forest Trees on application. M W FOR SALE, a few Thousand GENISTAS, well rooted Cuttings, at 6s. per 100, sent by Parcel Post for cash by T. BAUDWIN and SON, Edith Nursery, Burchel Road, Leyton. BUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE.— O For the best Vegetables, Potatos, and Flowers, see the new edition of this popular work ; beautifully illustrated, and containing exhaustive articles, entitled — "A Year's Work in the Vegetable Garden," "The Culture of Mushrooms in the Open Air." Is., post free, or gratis to customers ordering goods value 20s. and upwards. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Beading. The Finest and Best Cabbage of the Season. READING DEFIANCE.— Awarded First- class Certificate by the Reading Horticultural Society. This grand Cabbage can be obtained from the principal Seeds- men in the Kingdom, or from the introducers, OAKSHOTT AND MILLARD, Seedsmen to theQueen, Reading. RY ROSES from a COLD CLIMATE.— Unequalled for hardiness, strength, and fibrous roots. Seventy-five First Prizes awarded this season at leading shows in England and Scotland. Send for CATALOGUES to JAMES COCKER AND SONS, Rose Growers. &c., Aberdeen. A Few Large Healthy PALMS, 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate disposal — Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans, Chamserops excelsa, and Phoenix reclinata — from 10s. per pair. GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford HiU, London, N. REES and SHRUBS for Game Coverts and Underwood. Intending Planters should send for CATA- LOGUE, Free on application. RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. UONYMUS.— 20,000 : all nice bushy well grown specimens, 9 to 30 inches, 155. to £1 per 100 ; about 150 large ones, 3^. 6d. to 55. each. J. J. CLARK, Goldstone Farm, West Brighton. LYE'S "NEW FUCHSIAS for 1888" • will be ready to iend out the first week in April. A descriptive LIST on application to J. LYE. The Gardens; Clyffe Hall. Market Lavington, Wilts. pHARLES TURNER'S New List for 1888 Vy is ready, and may be had free on application. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. RPLE TREES with MISTLETO growing on them. 7s.6rf., 10s. 6d., and Ins. each.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. EW CHRYSANTHEMUM (Japanse), SARAH OWEN, two First-class Certificates. Golden Bronze sport from Madame John Lain g : fine for exhibition. Plants, ready March 1, 3s. Qd. each. ROBT. OWEN, Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead. ENUINE SEEDS. — Vegetables, Flowers, Potatos, &c. Descriptive LIST also of my Jubilee Beconias, issued last week, JOHN R. BOX (for ten years J. Laing's sole partner), Surrey Seed Stores. Croydon. Garden and Flower Seeds. Spring Bulbs, &c. CO. VAN T U B E KG E N, Jun., • Haarlem, Holland. WHOLESALE CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to Messrs. R. SILBERR^VD AND SON, 25. Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, Loudon, E.G. G^RAPE VINES, most excellent Canes, best X varieties, 3j. tJd., 5s.. 7s. 6d. Descriptive LIST FREE. RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants. Worcester. LACKBERRIES— For Gardens— Fields— Railway Banks, &c.— The most suitable variety for this country is Vertegans' Best of All. 7s. per dozen ; Wilaon Junior. 6s. per dozen. Home-grown ; carria^^e and packing free. For novelties not to be fouud in other Catalogues, see ....■ Til.. at rataA T TQT* f\t Qruii>in1f iaa nrwt.fraa Vertegans' Illustrated LIST of Specialties, post-free VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nurueriea, Birmic Ingham. 34 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jantjaet 14, 1888. SALES BY AUCTION. Monday Next— (Sale No. 7598.) IMMENSE IMl'OKTATIONS from JAPAN, &o. 20,000 Grand Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, lotted to suit large and small buyer3(sorae in cases as received) ; LILIUM SPECIOSUM ROSEUM, CYCAD trunks, 7000 NAKCISSUS, DRIED GR.4SS, &c., from Japan, received direct ; also a fine lot of Home->;rown LILIES, including many of the leading varieties ; LILY of the VALLEY in Clumps and Crown-, SPIR-EA JAPONICA, DIELYTRAS, GLADIOLI, and otlier BULBS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden ^ .C, on MONDAY NEXT. January 16, at half-past ly o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday and Saturday Next. Several huudreil choice named Standard and Dwarf ROSES, Pyramid and Dwarf trained FRUIT TREES of sorts, ORNAMENTAL SHRUB-S and CONIFERS, a tine lot of Hardy BORDER PLANTS, LILY of the VALLEY, clumps and crowns; SF1R.EAS. LILIU.MS, GLADIOLI, &c. MK. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street. Covent Garden. W.C. on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY NEXT. January 18 and 21, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 760i.) Special Sale of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street' Oovent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, January 19. instead'of WEDNESDAY', January 18, as previously announced, &t half-paat 12 o'clock precisely, a choice Collection of OKCHIBS in Flower and Bud, including a splendid plant of Veitch'3 celebrated long-leaved variety of Cattleya exoniensis. fine pieces of Cypripedium Leeauum superbum, Oncidium macranthum, Phala^nopsis Stuartiana, P. Sauderiana, Cypri- pedium Dominianum, &c. ; also 300 stroug Odoutoglossums, mostly unilowered ; 60 fine Dendrobes, Aerides, 3 cases of Araucaria excelsa as received, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. 8000 LILIUM AURATUM. splendid Bulbs. 1600 LILIUM SPECIOSUM RUBRUM and ALBUM, just received in unusually line condition. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their SALE at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 6t*. Cheapside, Loudon, E.G., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, January 18. On view morniDg? of Sale, and Cataloguea had. Wednesday and Saturday Next. SALES of Stamliird uud Dwarf RuaES. UKEEXHOUSE PLANTS. PALMS, a consignment of CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, and other plants from Belgium; LILIUM AURATUM from Japan, an extensive assortment of English-grown LILIES, including most of the principal varieties, IRIS, DAFFODILS. LILY of the VALLEY. TUBEROSES, and Dutch BULBS, Slc. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY NEXT. January 18 and 21, at half-pa^t 12 o'clock precisely each day. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. DENDROBIUM FRIEDRICKSIANUM, new species. For full description, see Gardeners' Chronicle. Nov. 26 lust. A few plants of this new Dendrobium, collected and sent home by Mr. C. Roebelen, and being the only plants received alive. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, January 2o, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANUM. specially tine lot. VANDA CtERULEA. CCELOGYNE OCELLATA. ZYGOFETALUM MACKAYI. fine masses. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside. London, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, January 20, at hulf-past 12 o'clock pre- cisely, a quantity of the beautiful ODONTOGLOSSUM HARRYANl'M. in fine health; the rare and large blue-flowered VANDA CtERULEA, with sound foliage and healthy roots. Also fine importations of CCELOGYISE OCELLATA. com- prising masses of unusual size, and in the best order. ZYGO- PETALUMMACKAYI.fiuemasses, well furnished with breaks; Pleione Wallichianum, P. humilis, large masses of Cymbidium gigauteum, a very tine lot of C. Mastersii, with sound green leaves ; Dendrobium densiflorum, Aerides eylindricum, Miltonia Clowesii, large masses ; Golax jugosus, the rare and extremely beautiful Oncidium curtum, tine healthy plants of Lailia cinnabarina, Scuticaria Hardweni. Cattleya Dormaniana, lonopsis paniculata, Stanhopea oculata, Cattleya crispa, fine ■ importations from the Roraima Mountains, and many other ORCHIDS. Also splendid plants of the rare Utricularia nelumbifolia and U. Krameriana. Go view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. L^LIA ELEGANS and a new Hybrid CATTLEY'A. MESSR. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from Dr. Munyard to include in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT. January 20. sixteen very fine plants of L.ELIA ELEGANS. several plants of CATTLEYA SCHILLERIANA.and also a finenew CATTLEYA, a natural Hybrid, found in Santa Catherina, and a cross between Cattleya Lcopoldi and G. intermedia. The plant has been seen in bloom by Mr. O'Brien, and a description of the flowers will appear in the Catalogue. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. About 40 choice lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including unique specimens, the property of an Amateur. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their ORCHID SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, January 20. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. UTRICULARIA NELUMBIFOLIA. ., KRA.MERIANA. MESSRS. PKUTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to include the above in their SALE by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, January 20, 1888, splendid healthy plants of the rare biue-flowered U. NELUMBIFOLIA. This beautiful species produces large flowers of great substance on stout erect spikes, and are very handsome. Also the large.flowered U. KRAMERIANA; its blossoms are over 3 inches across, and of the purest white, and from eight to twelve produced on an erect npike. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. Without reserve. Thirteen cases of CATTLEYA TRIAN^E, just received by steamship Orinoco in splendid condition, and including numeroua very large masses. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their SALE by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68. Cheapside. London. B.C.. on FRIDAY NEXT. January 20. Flowering Orchids.— Special Sale, January 31. MESSRS. PRUTHERUE and MURRIS desire to announce that their next SPECIAL SALE ot ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD will take place as above, for which they will be glad to receive notice of Entries as early as possible. Eltham.— Expiration of Lease. Important CLEARANCE SALE ot General Nl'USERY STOCK, extending over upwards of 30 Acres of Orouud. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Todman's Nursery, Eltham. Kent, about the MIDDLE of FEBRUARY NEXT, the First Portion of the extensive stock of EVERGREEN CONIFER* and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS. FRUIT. ORNAMENTAL, and FOREST TREES, particulars of which will shortly appear. Messrs. William Maule & Son's Nurseries, Stapletou Road and Stoke Gifford. Bristol. MR, EDWARD T. PARKER has been favoured with instructions to SELL by PRIVATE TREATY, the valuable Goodwill, Possession, and Stock of this GENUINE BUSINESS, which is one of the be>t known in the West of England, having been successfully carried on by the late Mr. Maule and his predecessor for the last 117 years. Very easy terms of payment can be arraufjed if de-iired. For further particulars apply to EDWARD T. PARKER, Auctioneer and Valuer, Bristol. TO BE SOLD, a Long LEASEHOLD NUR- SERY, nearly bO years' Lease. Ground Rent £14 per annum. Ten Glasshouses and Pits, well stocked. Price£1300. Apply at St. Mary's Road. Harlesden. near Willesden Junction. To Nurserymen, Market Growers, and Others, FOR SALE, LAND, in large or small quantities suitable for Nurseries or Market Growing. Near Railway Stations. H. J. E. BRAKE, Farnborough, Hants. 'pO LET, a Small FLORIST BUSINESS, near JL Richmond, House and Shop. First-clasa position. Walled-in Ground witli Glass in rear. Long Lease. A. B., Hennwood Road, Gomm Road, South wark Park, S.E. THE ROCKS at BATTERSEA PARK, said to be a true imitation of Nature but allowed to be overgrown, and the other so called good examples at HIGHNAM COURT and BEARWOOD, recorded in this Jotirual recently, were all executed by PULHAM AND SON, BROXBOUKNE. ORCHIDS. An immense Stock. Thousands Shotruig for Bloom. NEW CATALOGUE OF ORCHIDS AND OTHER PLANTS, J^ree on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL GO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYAED & NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. Begonias a Specialty. LAING'S BEGONIA SEED.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. From Prize Plants. Unequalled quality. Choice mixed, Single or Double varieties. Is.. 2s. 6d., and &s. per packet. Collections — Single, 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. Gd. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Order direct from us, to procure the genuine seed. JOHN LAING AND SONS, Seedsmen, Forest Hill, S.E. STRAWBERRIES. strong Roots, 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots, 16s. per 100; ditto in large pots, 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, THE NUESERIES. SAWBBIDGWORTH. HERTS. OSES and FRUIT TREES. ROSES. Dwarf H.P.. all the best varieties, our selection, 3.ns. per 100. 50 for 20s.. 12 sent free by past for 8s. KOSES. Dwarf Tea. from open ground. inclutliugOloirede Dijon, Marechal Niel, and otber good varieties, 9s. per dozen. APPLE TREES, Standards for Orchards, 18s. and 24s. per doz. ,. .. Bushes. 6s. per dozen, 4.55. per 100. ,, ,. Pyramids, 12s., I8s.. and 24s. per dozen. FRUIT TREES. 12 a.ssorted Dwarf-trained. 30s. per dozen. APPLE and PEAR TREES. 12 a-sorted Pyramid, 18s. per doz. CURRANT TREES, assorted. Black, Red. and White, 2s id. pel dozen. 18s. per 100. GOOSEBERRIES, Warrington and other best named sorts. 2s. 6d, per dozen. ]8s. per 100. VINES, strong planting Canes, Black Hamburgh and Muscat of Alexandria, and others, 4s. each. Terms cash. CATALOGUES on application. CARAWAY & CO., DUBDHAM DOWN, ODTOT'/^T CLIFTON, I>rli& 1 \JLj, J ROSES IN POTS all the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen. Descriptive List free on application, RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. A 93-Page CATALOGUE, embellished with 109 ENGRAVINGS, (many of which, like the flowers th(.'y illustrate, are Original), consisting exclusively of FLOWER SEEDS. I have much pleasure in announcing that my New CATALOGUE of Flower Seeds is now ready, and has been Posted to all Customers, who will doubtless welcome it as a valuable Catalogue for reference, and to whom, I am sure, it will prove especially in- structive and attractive. Considering that its pages are devoted to Flower Seeds only, it ia perhaps not too much to claim, that it is the Largest Catalogue of these ever published, and includes in its %'aried columns very many species and varieties, which can be procured from Tottenham only ; and while desirous to introduce a large amount of stuff not generally known, I have — as is my wont — had due and proper re- gard to the fact, that as a rule buyers do not care for specialties unless they are distinct and effective. All the novelties and varieties appear- ing iu this Catalogue claim such a distinction. Copies may be had Gratis and Post-free upon application. Kindly mention this Paper when writing for Catalogue. THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. .Tanuast 14, 1888.] TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. S5 FOREST TREES, &c. — Ash, 1^ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000; ditto, 2 to 3 feet. 16s. per 1000. Beech. 1} to 2 feet, 14s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet. 18s. per 1000. Birch, 1 to li foot, 18s. per 1000. Elm, IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000 ; ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 17s. per 1000. Larch, IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000; ditto. 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000 ; ditto. 3 to 4 feet. ISs. M. per 1000 ; ditto, 4 to 5 feet. 20s. per 1000. Spruce Fir. 1 to IJ foot, 8s. per 1000 ; ditto, IJ to2 feet. 10s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to aj feet, 12s. per 1000. Scotch Fir, 2 to 2J feet, 12s. per 1000. Oak, 1 J to 2 feet. 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000. Pmua austriaca, 2 years transplanted, fine, 16s. per 1000. Oval Privet, 2 to 2J feet, 26s. per 1000 ; ditto, 4 feet, 6s. per 100. Sycamore, IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000. Thorns, 1 to IJ foot. 12s. per 1000 ; ditto, IJ to 2 feet, ISs. per 1000; ditto. 2 to 21 feet, 17s. id. per 1000, Special offers for extra quantities. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer. EGONIAS A SPECIALTY.— A warded Four Gold Medals. Quality unsurpassed. Named Singles, from V2s. to 42s. per dozen ; unnamed Seedlings, 12s., 185., and 21s. per dozen ; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and 9s. per dozen ; choicest named Doubles, from A2s. per dozen; unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per dozen ; choicest mixed, 18s. per dozen. Order direct from U3, to procure our splendid strain. CATA- LOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS. The Nurseries. Forest Hill. S.E. HRYSANTHEMUMS, 600 varieties, best and newest, strong Cuttings from general collection, now ready, Is. ^id. per dozen, 10s. per 100 ; plants in January, 2s. 6rf. per dozen. 16.?. per 100. W. E.'a selection cheaper. Many of the best prizes in the country have been taken from , plants and cuttings supplied by me. Mons. Delaux's grand set of 100 sorts, and other new varieties, at reasonable prices. See CATALOGUE, with Es^iy on Cultivation. 2 stamps. WM. ETKERINGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower, Swans- combe, Kent. "VrOTICE.— SEED CATALOGUE for 1888, Xl just published, with everything priced, containing many Novelties of sterling merit both in Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Post-free on application to WILLLIM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants and Seeds. 536. King's Road, Chelsea. London, S.W. Clearance Sale. BULBS for Spring and Summer Blooming. All in fine condition. Prices greatly reduced. Price LIST free on application. BARR AND SOX, King Street, Covent Garden, "SV.C. The New Raspberry. LOKD BEACON SFIELD. (A Seedling.) The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever Itnown. First- class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 188."?. Strong Canes, £3 per 100 ; 9s. per dozen. Smaller Canes, 6s. per dozen. Trade supplied. Cash with order. A. FAULKNOR, Inkpen. Hungerford. KEEPERS FOK WALLS.— By planting what is suitable, an iiply object may easily be made beautiful. Descriptive LIST and advice Free. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. Fox Coverts.— Game Coverts. JOHN P E K X I N S AND SON offer strong transplanted : — BLACKTHORN. 1^ to 2 feet, and 2 to 3 feet. PRUNUS MYKOBULANA. Ij to 2 feet, and 2 to 3 feet. LAURELS. Common. 1^ to 2 feet, and 2 to 3 feet. PRIVETS, Evergreen, 1| to 2 feet, and 2 to 3 feet. At very low prices. Billing Road Nur-^erie-^. Northampton. To tHe Trade. Home-grown VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE are now prepared to • make special offers of their fine selected storks of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS, all of which they have harvested in splendid condition. The prices will be found very advantageous to purchasers. Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech. SPARACtUS, grand Roots for Forcing, 2s. per dozen. I2s. 6rf. per 100; strong, for phinting. 2s. 'VITED. The Glass Structures cover an area of 282,600 super, feet. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. FRUIT TREES, SEVENTY-FOUR ACRES. APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, CHERRIES, PE.1CHES, NEC- TARINES, APRICOTS, and other FRUIT TREES, us Standards, Dwarfs, Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon, aud Trained Trees, in great variety. VINES, excellent Canes, 3s. 6(f. to 7s. 6rf. Orchard House Trees in pots. PEACHES, APUlCOi'S, NECTARINES, &c., from 5s. FIGS from 3s. id. DESCRIPTI^'E LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure, Pruning, Lifting, Cropping. Treatment under Glass , also their Synonyms. Quality. Si/e. Form, Skin, Colour. Flesh, Flavour. Use, Growth, Duration. Season. Price, &c., free by post RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. WcTTteaTid <^eei I 80l, per 100 JNO. JEFFERIES ^^i> SON, Royal Nurseries, Cirencester. Our Primulas. They are now in full flower, and show a ■wonderful advance on any before seen. Dahlia Boots for Immediate Propagation. We have the largest and most ot.impli:-te coUe.tiou in the world. Catalogue with full particulars sent post-free. Lovely Spotted Calceolarias. We have many thousand'^ of liiu' phuit^. They are the choicest of all strains. In tin's, 4s. per dozen ; in 5-incli pots, 9s. dozen. Chrysanthemums. The largest, most complete, and best kept collection in the world. Beautiful illustrated aud descriptive Catalogue of the whole family sent po^t-f^ee. Mr. CoPSON, Bevere Manor Gardens, Worcester, 31st Decem- ber, 1887.— "Chrysanthemum Catalogue to liand. It is the best I have seen." THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. H. CANNELL & SONS, THE HOME OF FLOWERS, SWANIiEY, KENT. DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS WILL BE THANKFULLY BEOEIVED BY A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, London, W. RASPBERRY CANES. Selected Fastolf, 305. STRAWBERRY PLANTS, Sir Joseph Paxtoii, O I2s. per 1000. RED CURRANTS, 2-yr. old. 85. per 100. Terms Cash. K. BATH, Osborne Farm. Wisbeach. CIMPLE INSTRUCTIONS by which anybody O anywhere may force aud obtain a great quantity (lasting until outdoor beds are in full bearing) of most excellent Asparagus at a very tritling expenditure of time or money. Directions sent Free to all applicants. RICHARD SMITH ASD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. To those about to Plant Roses, &c. E WING'S CATALOGUE contains short and plain Cultural Notes, besides Descriptions and Prices ol the best Roses ; and in addition 23 pages are devoted to Orna- mental Trees. Shrub-j, Fruit Trees, Climbing Plants, Horti- cultural Requisites, &c. It is forwarded porst-freetoapplicant3 on receipt of three penny stamp-*, or Gratia to Customers. Abridged LIST of low priced carriage and package free col- lections of high-class Roses, gratis and post-free. EWING AXD CO., Sea View Nurseries. Havant, Hampshire. QIMPLE INSTRUCTIONS by which an 0 abuntlance can be insured of delicious MUSHEOOMS. See Seed LIST. Free. RICHAKD S.MITH AKD CO., Seed Merchants and Nursery- men. Worcester. To the Trade SEED POTATOS. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to make • special offers of their carefully selected stocks of SEED POTATOS. raised on their o\\ n f^irms expressly for seed purposes. Seed Growini; Establi^limiiiL. Wisbech. Laxton's Bedford Seeds. i>9 C: IN PRIZES.— Exhibitors should send for c^*W.J T. Laxtou's LIST of upwards of 100 Novelties and Specialties in Vegetables and Flowers, the best only selected for quality and exhibition, with particulars of prizes. T. L.AXTO;*. Seed Grower, Bedford. ''I""REES and SHRUBS suitable for Towns and X Smoky Districts. CATALOGUE Free on application. UICHAKD S>UTH AND CO., Nurserymen aud Seed Mer- chants. Worcester. MALL SHRUBS and CONIFERA).— Araucaria imbricata, 8 to 9 inches, 40s. per 100. Abies orientalis, 8 to 9 inch. 12s. per 100. American Arbor-vitfe, 10 to 12 inches, 605. per 1000. CupressusLawsoni, 12 to 15 inches, 60i. per 1000. Cupressus erecta viridis, 6 to 8 inches, 405. per 1000; ditto, l^foot, extra, 12s. per lOO. Cupressus fctricla, 6 to 8 inches, 4Us, per 1000; ditto. IJ foot, 14s. per 100. Pinua insignis, 1 year, 4s. per lUO. Piiius Cembra, J years, 10s. per 1000. Pinus Nordmanni, 2 years, tis. per 100. Pinus excelsa, 1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinu-> canariensis, 1 year, bs. per 100. Retinospora plumosa. 10 to 12 inches, 10s. per lUO. Retiuospora squarrosa, 6 to 8 inches, 4.<. per 100 ; ditto. 10 inches, 8s. per loo. Thuia Lobbii, 10 to 15 inches, 40*. per 1000. Thuiupsis dolabrata, 6 to 8 inches, 4s. per 100 ; ditto, 12 inches, tine, 12*. per 100. Yew, English. 8 to 9 inches. 6s. per 100. Laurel, Portugal. 8 to 9 iuch«s. 65. per 100. Common Laurel. 12 to 14 inches, 3S5. per 1000, Rhododendron pouticum, 4 to 6 inches, 505. i)er 1000; ditto. 2 to 3 inches. aOs. per UXKI. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer. OA (\(\f\ CLEMATIS, in Pota, of all the 0\/^V/V/\/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, aud are of every shade, from pure vhite to the darkest purple), for climbing and bedding, from 125. to 245. per down, strong ' plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5f-inch pots. 2s. 6a. each. Descriptive LIST on auptiLation.— UICHAKD SMITH AND CO., Nurhcrymen and St-ed Merchants. Worcester. PALM 8.— A few hundreds, well-grown, strong and healthy. Seaforthia elegant, Latnniu borboiiicn. Phoenix reclioata, 12 inches high, 4s. per do-ten, Uos. per 100. Packages and Carriage free. ■ Latanitt borbonica, Seaforthia eregans. Phoenix rechnata, and Cor>'pha australis, 20 to 34 inches high. Is. md. each, 16j. per dozen. Seaforthia elegans, Latania borbonica. Pha-nix rcclinatn. Enterpe edulis, and Areca lutescens, 2 feet 6 iuchesto3fwt higli, 35. to 5s. each. Fine feathery-foliaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, 15s. OARDEXER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N. 36 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [jANUAfiT 14, 1888. PEARL TUBEROSES. riNE GOOD SAMPLE. Consignment expected in a few days. Special Prices upon application. THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. NOW READY, CARTERS .V REGISTERED TRADE MARK. **'■- '*^N TESTED see;ds Send One Shilling for a Catalogue, and deduct tuts sum wben ordering. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants. HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. 237 238 WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE. WE HAVE NOW PUBLISHED OUR WHOLESALE CATALOGUE OF VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS. Containing also all the best Novelties of the Seaaon. May be had on application. Any of our Customers not having received one by Post will oblige by letting us know, when another shall at once be Posted. WATKINS & SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants. EXETER STREET, STRAND. LONDON, W.C. Seed and Trial Grounds : Feltham and Twickenham. Middlesex. ^iiiiiimiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiHMiiiiiiiiiiiiittiiimiiimiiiiiL± I JO planters! i Stock Unique I I & Unequalled, i jNURSERIES over 200 ACRES! I MOST MODERATE PRICES. I I TRUCK LOADS Carriage Free. | i CATALOGUES GRATIS. = iFi'A.DICKSON&SONSi 5 THE QUEEN'S NURSERYMEN, = I -CHESTER.- I ^iiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin: WILLIAM BARRON & SON'S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF CONIFERS and other Hardy Ornamental Plants for 1888, Is now ready, and may be had post-free on application. Elvatton Nurseries, Borrowash, Derby. TREES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. CATALOGUE Free on application. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. ClTEljS^from PRIZE FLOWERS.— O Calceolaria, Is. tod. ; Cineraria. Is. 6rf. ; Primula, Is. 6rf. ; Pansy, Is. 6rf. : Cyclamen, Is. 6rf. ; Pelargonium, 2s. 6rf. : Carnation, 2s. 6rf. ; Gloxinia, 2s. 6d. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants and Seeds, 536, King's Road, Chelsea. London, S.W. Keduced Prices to meet Depression. T\ E S C K I r T I V E CATALOGUE, aJ comprising fine transplanted FRUIT TREES. ROSES, Hardy CLEMATIS, RHODODENDRONS, CONIFERS, TREES and SHRUBS, CLIMBERS, FOREST TREES, &c., free on application to GEO. JACKMAN & SON, WOKING NURSERY. SURREY. ANDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, CA- MELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Eihibition at Paris 1878. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON AlfD SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.O. When Science and Practice go Hand in Hand Success is a Certainty. GILBERT'S SURPASSEE TOMATO draws a smile even from Dr. Masters — see Gardeners' Chronicle ; a hearty "Hear! Hear 1 " from Henry Cannell; three cheers from Stephen Castle ; whilst Messrs. Bennett and Barrett add the musical Hips ! 1 Is. per packet ; enclose 13 stamps which will ensure a packet being sent. Write for CATALOGUE of Novelties to R. GILBERT. Burghley, Stamford. NE^A^ MELON, " TEMPLENEWSAM HYBRID." The above new and distinct variety was raised by Mr. Dawes, Gardener to the Hon. Mrs. Meynell- Ingram, Teniplenewsam, and is the result of a cross between the well-known varieties, Hero of LocKiNGK and Read's Scablet. It was awarded a First-class Certificate at the Spring Exhibition of the Manchester Botanical Society, 1887, and it has on several occasions been locally exhibited, never failing to win golden opinions from competent judges, TEMPLENEWSAM HYBRID is a very handsome oval-shaped Melon, with a rich golden-yellow skin, beautifully netted. The iiesh is white, deep, rich and melting to the rind, and the flavour is all that can be desired. It is early, arriving quickly at maturity, is of free gro\vth, an excellent setter, produces fruits averaging from 4 to 4^ lb. each, and when fully ripe remains a long time fit for use. Mr. Coleman, The Gardens. Eastnor Castle, says : — " A good size, shape oval, skin bright golden, and beautifully netted. Flesh white, deep, and melting quite through to the rind. Flavour excellent, reminding me of my own Eastnor Castle." Mr. Roberts, The Gardens, Presticold Hall, says : — " The Seedling Melon is perfect in shape, nicely netted, with a thick soft I consider it quite distinct." Your Seedling Melon I consider a first-class variety, and worthy of flesh of a rich and excellent flavour. Mr. Chuck, The Gardens, Brodsworth Hall, says extensive cultivation." Many other thoroughly practical Gardeners have seen this variety, and verify by their opinions the high characteristics that we claim for it, and with which we have great pleasure in bringing it under public notice. Price, 2s. 6d. per Sealed Packet, post-free. Special offer to the Trade on application. DICKSON & ROBINSON, SEED MERCHANTS, &c., 12, OLD MILLCATE, MANCHESTER. AU Flower and Vegetable Seeds are supplied Post-ftee, and arrive within 10 days after receipt of order. CHR. LORENZ, THE LARGEST AND OLDEST GERMAN SEED HOUSE, ERFURT. Before Ordering YOUR SEEDS FOR THE SPUING, READ THE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, for Owners of Gardens and Amateurs, of the Largest and Oldest Seed House on the Continent, and you will buy your seeds much cheaper than from any other tirm. NOW READY, the English Edition of LORENZ'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, with more than two hundred beautiful Engravings, and exact Cultural Directions, GRATIS AND POST-FREE, on application. Postage for Letters to Germany, 2^d. Post Cards, Id. CHR. LORENZ, SEED GROWER & MERCHANT, Seedsman by Special Warrant to H.M. the Empress of Germany. H.M. the King of Saxony, H.M. the King of Bavaria, H M. the King of the Netherlands, H.M. the King of Roumania. H.M. the King of Serbia, H.R.H. the Grand Duke of Hesse. H.H. the Duke of Anhalt, 100-103, JOHN STREET, ERFURT, GERMANY. AU Flower and Vegetable Seeds are Supplied Post-ttee, and arrive within 10 days after receipt of order. jAtTOAET 14. 1888.] TEE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 37 CHARLES SHARPE & GO.'S SPECIALTIES, 1887-8. SHASFE'S PEA. 3s. 6d. per pkt. VICTORY. First-class Certificate, K. H.S.. 18f6. Tliis magnificent variety surpasses every- thing we have ever seen. The habit of the plant is vigorous and much branched. Pods produced in pairs, occasionally three together, well tilled with larfje Peas, ten to eleven, of extra fine flavour, and deep green colour when cooked. Height 2 feet. SHARPE'S PEA. 2b. 6d. per J pint. EMPRESS. An improved Ne Pins Ultra. Deep green pods of immense size, containing ten or more fine large deep green Peas, of exqui- site flavour. Height 5 feet. SHABFE'S PEA. 3s. per pint pkt. IB. 6d. per J pint packet. QUEEN. A CTand Blue Marrow; height 2 feet. Pods large, deep green, with large, green, delicioualy flavoured Peas. It is so con- tinuous a cropper that a constant supply may be maintained by it alone after the first crop is ready. SHARPE'S PEA. IB. 6d per pint packet. Is. per i pt. pkt. SIR F. A. MILBANK. A magnificent, large. Blue Wrinkled Marrow. Peas extra large— deep green. Very hardy. Height o feet. SHARPE'S PEA. Is. 6d. per pint. packet. Is per J pt. pkt. TRIUMPH. A fine Dwarf Blue Wrinkled Marrow, fine flavoured and hea\'y cropper — sixty- nine Pods, ■with nine to eleven Peas in each, gathered from one plant. SHARPE'S PEA. 2s. 6d. per quart. Is. 3d. per pint. PARAGON. Hardiest and earliest large Wrinkled Marrow, Successive crops can be had for four months. Urst-class Certificate B.H.S., 1884. SHABPE'S POTATO. 18. per pound. STANDARD. The finest round Potato ever sent out. An extraordinary cropper, flesh white, mealy, and of excellent flavour ; handsome large flattish-round tubers. For full description eee Advertisements in the Horticultural Papers ; or SHARPE'S SEED LIST FOR Post-free on application. 1888, CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORO. TRADE PRICES ON APPLICATION. CHARLES SHARPE & GO.'S SPECIALTIES, 1887-8. SHARPE'S POTATO. 6d. per pound. SHARPE'S POTATO. 2s. 6d. per stone. SHARPE'S BEOCCOLI. 23. 6d. per pkt. SHARPE'S BROCCOLI. Is. per packet. SHARPE'S BEAN. Is. per pint. SHARPE'S C0C0MBEB. 2s. per packet. SHARPE'S BEET. Is. per packet. VICTOR. The earliest, quickest, and most pro- ductive kind for forciug or early planting — ready for table in from six to eight wecKs. DUKE OF ALBANY. Most valuable main crop variety — good to use from July to March, MONARCH. Firm clear heads of great weij^ht, Urge ; pure white: oftea 12 to 15 inches in dia- meter, and attaining prices in the M vrket up to 9s. per dozen. Season, March and April. SELECTED "WINTER An improvement upon Osborn's" Dwarf, with firm, pure white heads. Ready foi use from the middle of November forward. CONQUEROR. The longest - podded variety knoTvn. Pods often 16 to 18 inches long. Fine for Exhibition. EPICUREAN. The most prolific, earliest, deepest in colour, and finest in flavour of any variety gro'wn. Fruit long and very handsome. Ifc is simply perfection. EMPEROR. The finest of the glossy-leaved varieties used for bedding. leaves metallic in ap- pearance and very deep in colour. The root is deep red, without rings, and very rich in flavour. SHARPE'S TOMATO. Is. per packet. SHARPE'S ONION. Is. per packet. ECLIPSE, A remarkably prolific variety. Fruit globular, smooth, growing in large clusters at every joint ; exquisite flavour, colour liright cherry-red. PRIZE WHITE SPANISH. The best type of the Uanbury section of Onions. For full description see Advertisements in the Horticultural Papers ; or SHARPE'S SEED LIST FOR 1888, Post-free on application. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD. TRADE PRICES ON APPLICATION. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. Fbom To W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington SiaEBT, Stband, LONDON, W.C. Please send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle" for , for which I enclose P. 0.0.^ 1888. MonthSy commencing ^^^ Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance. '^'^^ THE UNITED KINGDOM: — 12 Months, 15«. ; 6 Months, Is. 6d.: 3 Months, 3». 9. Finis CO roiiat opiis.' The last Orchid of the year 1887 was this. It opened its grand flowers on both sides of the Atlantic at once. I got remarkably fresh, fine inflorescences (one of two, one of five flowers) from Mr. Sander, and two three-flowered ones from Messrs. Siebrecht & Wadley, New York. Our American correspondents desired that the plant purple, and exceedingly difficult to match on paper. The lip is trifid. The side-lacinire are very long, blunt, antrorse, the mid-Iacinia cuneato-obov.ate retuse; with an apicnlus in the centre. The three lamella; of the disc are continued on the superior part of the mid-lacinia. The side-lacini.x are white with light purple edges; the mid-lacinia is of the darkest, warmest purple, only white at the base, with fine, strong purple nerves and spots extrorse on the disc. Keels spotted with purple, and with similar lines. Column white, with numerous purple spots. grand colours. It might be luckier to avoid the parentage of L. albida since the flowers are as large in our plant as in a good L. autumnalis. Those fine lineaments at the base of the side of the disc are usually found in the last mentioned species, though not so fine by far. This makes us think of L. anceps. And why is it not a species, when the nearest allies have such very slight characters? And as a species may have a very wide area, per- haps this L. Gouldiana may be a variety of L. Crawshayana. FlO. 8. — GnOCP OF T.VXDA (.'UiRCLEA AT .\tn. ki.mball's, rochesteu, y.v. (see p, 40.) might be dedicated to their celebrity, Mr. Jay Gould, and that has accordingly been done. The bulbs are two-leaved, fusiform, nearly 4 inches long, markedly furrowed, and costate. Leaves cune- ato, ligulate, acute, very strong, nearly a foot long, but sometimes much shorter. The slender purple peduncle exceeds a foot in length. There are a few distant sheaths, and tlie spathaceous bracts attain nearly to half the length of thestalked ovaries. Those organs are shining, full of asperities, and a few fur- furaceous, blackish masses stand on the base of the outside of the .sepals. Both sepals, and the much broader petals, have a curious character by their being more "trongly acuminate than is the case in any of the species near it. The colour Is wonderfully warm It is very near Mr. De Crawshay's Ladla. The ovaries are distinct, the side laciniiE of the lip much longer, the keels are distinct, and the just named plant lacks the retuse apex of the lip. It might be the inverted hybrid. It is also very near Lwlia autumnalis itself, but the sh.ipe of the sepals, petals, and lip, and the colours are remarkably distinct. Usually, indeed, La;lia autumnalis has much broader leaves and much shorter bracts. Tet it occurs with narrow leaves and I have a fine raceme with similar long bracts in my herbarium of L. autumnalis " tip- top." If it is a hybrid, as L. Crawshayana may also be, you must think of L. autumnalis, and perhaps, of L. anceps as possible parents ; by reason of the After all— it is very easy to conjecture but very difKcult, nay, impossible, to give evidence what it i?. Let us give up scientific guessing, and admire the beauty. Finiecoroimt opuni. H. G. Rchh.f. BOXATSA SrECIOSA, A plant of this remarkable and most interesting Orchid is now flowering in the Kew collection. The species is fre.piently mentioned by Darwin in his book on the Fertilisation of Orchids, and he ivrites at p, S.'St, "I should doubt whether any member of the orchidean order has been more profoundly modifled in its whole structure than Donatea speciosa." The genua, which is South African and nearly allied to Ilabenaria, contains but two or three species. Th« 42 THE GAIiDENEns' CTIRONICLE. [Jaxuaev 1-i, 1888, one under notice was introduced in 1820. Its flowers measure Ij inch in depth and somewhat less in diameter; and although by no means showy, as we now regard Orchids, tliey attract atten- tion by their singular shape. The arrangement of the parts of the flower is so different from that of most Orchids that it requires careful dissection to understand it. The sepals are green, the two lateral ones subfalcate and acuminate, while the upper one, which covers and is apparently intended to protect the pollinia, assumes the shape of a hood or helmet, The petals are bipartite, the green inner segments standing erect within the helmet-shaped sepal, and the outer segments, which are linear in shape, anil white with green points, are united for a short dis- tance to the upper surface of the lip, and take a direction almost at right angles to the other hall'. The labellum itself is divided into three long, narrow segments, .and developes a si)ur about 1} inch iu length. Just within the outer jiortions of Fhe petals are two white, petaloid, cylindrical processes, half- an-inch in length, at the apices of which are the bright and viscid stigmatic surfaces. A remarkable provision to secure the removal of the pollinia by an insect in search of nectar is pointed out by Mr. Trimen in a note on this species in vol. ix. of the Journal of the Linncan Socicli/. There is placed in the centre of the labellum, just in front of the opening of the nectary (spur) a little projection about one-eighth of an inch in length ; this compels the insect to thrust in its proboscis from either side, and the discs of the pollinia are so placed that by doing so the attachment of one or the other is secured, llr. Trimen observes that he found no nectar in the flowers of the plant he in- spected ; it may therefore be interesting to state, that on examining the plant at Kew the spurs were found to be half filled. The flower is remarkable also for the unusual cohesion of its parts to tlie labellum. The outer segments of the petals, the stigmatic processes men- tioned above, and the two lower sepals (although belonging, morphologically, to another whorl) are all united to the labellum. The flowers are arranged in an erect spike, which terminates a stem from 1 to 2 feet high, clothed almost to the base with dark green, glabrous, oblong leaves. The culture of the plant is easy ; it grows with great freedom if potted iu sandy loam and peat, its large fleshy tubers filling the bottom of the put. It may be grown during summer in the cool-house, but when showing its flowers it should be removed to a warmer position. TF. B. Cypripedicm PiTCHF.Ki.vNrM, Maiitfn, II, S]>. — Philip- pine Islands. " Roots thick, diirk, and downy ; leaves acute, 5 inches long and 2.1 inch wide, coriaceous, green tessellated with irregulardarker spots, smooth on both sides but slightly incised at the edges ; scape over a foot high, purplish and downy ; bract 1 inch long, green ; ovary 1 J inch long, green and groved, re- markably bent downwards. The dorsal sepal is over 2 inches long and nearly 2 wide, acuminate, slightly revolute, whitish with bright green veins, and beset with many black and dark puYple spots, some running in lines, while others are scattered irregularly, covei'ing nearly the whole sepal ; the lower sepal is l.V inch long and | inch wide, whitisli with broader green veins ; petals deflected, 2i inches long by 5 inch wide, whitish changing to purple towards the ends, and with several bright green veins running through ; both edges are beset with black warts and hairs, while the inner part is covered with many large and smaller black spots ; the lip is 2 inches long and uniformly J- inch broad, roundish, light purple with darker veins, and the underside is whitish green, while the inside is most beautifully studded with dark purple on a yellowish ground ; the staminode is purplish, horseshoe shaped, with points incurved inside nearly touching each other, differing thus from the rest of the barbatum group, in which this plant may be classed. " The distinct features of this plant are the upper sepal spotted and the curious ovary that bends downward, on which the flower is suspended, giving it thus quite a novel appearance, by which it is easily recognised. It is certainly one of the most beautiful Cypripeds, and flowering at this time of the year, it will be a welcome addition to the already many existing kinds. Unfortunately this is an unique plant at present, I having received it among other plants coming from the East Indies. The plant is growing well in a warm house with plenty of light aud moisture, potted in peat, sphagnum and potsherds. It gives me great pleasure to name this plant after .Tames K. Pitcher, Esq., of Short Hills, X,.I,, who is a great lover of this genus, and the happv owner of one of the finest collections of this classof plants," IV. A. Maii'la, in " Am-rican Florist." Roses. SOME NEGLECTED KOSES. The Moss Kose. — There are two extremes into which persons are liable in these days to run with regard to the R^se — one is to look at every Rose in the light of the exhibition table and carefully to dis- card from the garden every flower that does not come up to the exhibition standard, a?, in the height of the bedding-out mania, persons were wont when a new plant was advertised to inquire, Will it do for bedding? — the other extreme is to go into ecstacies over those " dear old-fashioned Roses in which we used to delight in our young days. We don't want those great Marie Baumanns, or Charles Lefebvre ; so stiff and formal ; let us have the dear old Roses " — although, put them in the witness-box and ask them what tliey mean, it is a great chance if you get beyond " Oh I that delicious Cabbage Rose, you know" — it goes generally no further. It is well to avoid extremes in this as in other things — to remember that the best of our exhibition Roses are often the best for the decoration of the garden, and that the time of beauty for the neglected Hoses is after all a brief one, and so disappointment arising from exggerated hopes will be avoided. I have lived a good many year? in the world, and have been fond of flowers ever since I can remember (per- haps I inherited it from my Huguenot forefathers), but I never until the other day met with any one who did not admire a Moss Rose — in the bud, of course ; but I did meet one, and that a lady, who told me that she saw no beauty in it. Tome there is nothing more exquisitely beautiful than a bud of the common, or, perhaps, in a slight degree more lovely, the white Moss; and yet how^ften do we vainly look for it in some of the best Rose gardens? One of the best ways of growing it that I remem- ber to have met with was in the garden of that enthusiastic florist, the late Mr. Charles J. Perry, of West Bromwich, near Birmingham ; he had a large bed of it, the plants in which were pegged down, and then from every eye a shoot started, and as they were fdanted tolerably close the bed in the flowering season was one mass of bloom. It is a very gocd plan where this idea is adopted, to plant some bults of Gladiolus brenchleyensis among them, and then, when the Kose bloom is over, and the dead leaves cut off, the bed will be gay with the brilliant flowers of the Gladiolus. The JIoss Rose is undoubtedly a " Provins '" Rose ; but how, where, or when it originated we have no record. But here is the true old Cabbage shooting forth in a new direction, but having, at any rate, one distinctivt- mark, its delicious perfume ; but in the opinion of that wise old teacher, the late Mr. Rivers, it originated in Italy, and it would certainly be interesting to know how it came into existence. The French have been busy with this as with other classes of Roses, and especially in endeavouring to obtain perpetual or autumnal blooming Moss Roses; in this they have not been very successful. " Salet" bears this character, but it has not been extensively grown in this country — some of the most remark- able varieties seem to be like the common Moss, " sports " rather than seedlings. In culture the Moss Rose presents but little diffi- culty, except in the case of Unique, which it is not easy to keep in good shape ; some of the varieties are more robust than others, but all, with this exception, are amenable to culture. Like a good many things, tliey will endure hard treatment, but thrive best when their wants are well and p,-operly attended to. In light soils they will thrive well on their own roots, and this is the most usual way of growing them ; where they are grown in beds this is certainly the preferable plan, as there is U) danger of large suckers springing up being mis- taken for AEoss Rose shoots, and thus usurping a place to which they have no right. Where the soil is stiff they do very well worked on eitlier the seed- ling Brier or other dwarf stocks. With regard to p'uning, there has been a difference of opinion, and sometimes very good authorities on each side have eadeavoured to steer a middle course between hard and gentle pruning. This is a mistake ; it should either be one or the other, and I believe that hard pruning is the better plan to adopt. Like other Hoses they will be all the better for a good mulching in the autumn, to be taken off in spring, while the shorter portion of it may be forked in, the litter being removed. There are many varieties of the Moss Rose, but we cannot do better in selecting than follow the lines of the National Rose Society, which in its catalogue of garden Roses has included nine Moss Roses. Three of these are the so-called Perpetual Moss, and therefore the number of Moss Roses of the ordinary type is six, although in this is not included the Crested Moss, as it is sometimes called, nor a new one which I believe ought to be more generally grown. Bai'on dc Wusse^Ke'^ raised by Victor Verdier, and sent out by him in 18.3i, is a vigorous grower, flowering in clusters. Common or Old Moss. — This is too much known to need any description, and its origin is unknown, although supposed to have bfen introduced into England nearly three centuries ago. CoiMessc dc Murinais, raised by Vibert in 1843, is a vigorous-growing white Moss Hose, very free, but not equal in beauty to our Unique. Gloirc dc Moitscitsc^. — Raised by Vibert in 1852 ; rosy-blush colour; a large but not so elegant a flower as some of the others. Lincii- — Raised by Laffay, and introduced in 1846 ; a large and very double Rose, rosy-crimson in colour, very bright, but it is not so dark as Cciinc — omitted, it is true, from the National Rose Society's catalogue, but certainly deserving of a place on account of its brilliant colour, although the flower is not quite full, but as all the Moss Roses are valu- able only in bud, this is not of so much conse- quence. White Bath. — This was found in a garden near Clifton, and sent out in 1810. It is very pretty, but I think not so much so as Unique, which is often classed simply as a Provina Rose, but I do not see why the distinction should be made: they are all Provins Roses. This I think the most beautiful of all the white Moss Roses, the bud is more elegantly shaped and the moss longer, so as to give it a more graceful appearance. I know nothing more pretty than a bud of this, showing the white between tlie segments of the calyx. Blanch'- Moirau.—'T\ns is a new introduction by Moreau, and is both vigorous in growth and free in blooming, and in these respects it certainly has the advantage over that previously named. It forms a very handsome well furnished bush, and all who admire this class ought certainly to grow it. Crested Moss or Crested Provins. — This also is put amongst the Provins and not in the Mosses. It is very curious, more so indeed than elegant ; but as a curiosity it is well worth growing. Bose dc Mcau.v. — A charming little Rose, a mossed variety of the beautiful Rose de Meanx, so sweet and double in itself, but if possible made more charming by the mossy addition. Said to have been found by Mr. Sweet in a garden near Taunton. jANuAnv 14. 1888.] THE GAnDENEBS' Clin Oh' 1 CLE. 43 LUtlc Gciit, — Tills, an introduction of Messrs. "W. Paul & Son, is an improvement on the preceding, being more beautifully mossed, and altogether a most delightful little Rose. Crimson or Tbiwcll Moss or DamasJc Moss. — This is omitted in the National Rose Society's catalogue, but seems to be a very desirable Moss. It was raised at Tinwell, in Rutlandshire, and was so highly thought of that it was sent out at a guinea a plant. I hope that this attempt to draw the attention of lovers of flowers to a beautiful but neglected tribe of Roses may not be without result. Wild Rofc. Replanting Roses. Some persons may ask, Why write about Roses in mid-winter ? Their time is not yet ! I must beg pardon of those who think or write in this strain, and beg to differ from them. It is because we are now busy replanting our beds of Roses, and planting out those that have been bought in, that it occurred to me to write about them. I was told the other day, by a man who thought he knew everything about gardening, that there was no need to trench the ground — he could not see any use in it. Probably there are many more wiseacres who can see no use in trenching ; I will therefore explain that we trench the ground 18 inches or 2 feet deep, to allow the roots to grow freely into it, and we place a good layer of manure at the bottom of the trenches and half-way down, to supply the plants with nourish- ment during their season of root-activity. No fine Rose blooms can be obtained unless the ground be trenched and heavily manured. We are now re- planting a bed of Tea Roses. I maintain that a Rose bed should be li fted and replan ted every second or third year; and this for two reasons. The first and most important is that in some soils the quality of the flowers rapidly degenerates after the third year, even when the Rose beds have a good mulching of decayed manure annually. Probably because the roots work into an unsuitable subsoil. The second reason is that, whether the Roses are Teas, hybrid perpetuals, or others, the plants make an unequal growth. By this I mean that some varieties will make strong vigorous shoots while some will grow but little, and even in the minor struggle for existence in a bed of Roses the weaklings sometimes succumb to the strong. This may all be set right if the plants be taken up and replanted in the months of November or December, and in some bad soils it would be better for them if the replanting took place every second year, by this means increasing the number of the root feeders. A Rose bush which has stood more than three or four years without transplantation has few feeding roots, and these are at the distant main root extre- mities, the fibrous roots going further afield year by year, unless occasionally transplanted. I would like to add here that I am writing about the culture of Roses in the garden only, and not for exhibitors of Roses. Such growers will have to bud their Roses, and depend for the best blooms upon what are termed " cutbacks," that is, established plants of two years old. Itmiy be added that exhibitors work on different lines altogether to the grower of merely garden Roses, and that the highest positions at the principal exhibitions can be reached only by long experience. The soil of our garden is heavy and the subsoil wet, but it has been ameliorated by draining, and we have added to the depth of natural soil by raising the beds about 12 inches above the surrounding level. This is in addition to trenching the ground from the original level to the depth of 20 inches, the added foot of soil being made up with loam of good qviality. Manure was dug in, and the sloping sides of the bed were made up with a turf edging, the grass being kept sliort by the shears. The Roses do very well treated in this way, their vigour being remarkable. The ground is now being retrenched, and as the work proceeds the Roses arc taken up and replanted. In doing this the workman must not injure the roots, and the Roses can be easily taken up without injury as the work of trenching proceeds. The replanting affords an opportunity for removing root-suckers, which should be cut out with a knife close back to the point from whence they sprung, neglect of this pre- caution leading to the early appearance of fresh growths, and they will be even more numerous. Damaged roots should be cut back to a sound part, and as the work of trenching proceeds so also should the work of re-planting. In case the latter cannot be done at the time, the plants ought to be laid in by the heels. When the replanting is finished the surface of the soil should be mulched with manures. I use the peat stable litter, which is also an excellent protector against frost and heat alike. In very severe frosts the Tea Roses are killed to the level of the manure, and if no manure or other protecting material were used, theRoses might be killed altogether. Where the dried Jronds of native Pern can be obtained, it is excel- lent material to lay over the manure, or to use in its stead. It is still, perhaps, a moot question as to which is the best stock for Roses. I find in our soil that nothing answers so well as the seedling Brier — it answering, if anything, better for Tea Roses than for hybrid perpetuals. Of course the Manetti is a good stock for Roses, and I have nothing to say against it. It is a good stock for light soils ; and yet, notwithstanding the distinct looking leaves and growths, it may sometimes be seen, like the cuckoo in the hedge-sparrow's nest, in entire possession of the place, and the Roses conspicuous by their absence. After the preparation of the ground, planting and mulching, the work is finished until pruning time — an operation depending upon the weather, for if frosts be severe in February and March it must be delayed until the weather has become mild. Feb- ruary, when the weather is kindly, is a pood month in which to prune. After pruning is over, the first insect pest to attack the Roses must be looked for in the bud worm — being the earliest, and a very destruc- tive one it is, getting into the young giowths when they are an inch long, and eating the central sab- stance out of them, and oft-times before it is ob- served. Be watchful early in the month of April, and with a needle make short work of them. The bud-worms destroyed, the Roses will grow freely as soon as mild weather sets in ; but that mildness brings greenfly, a destroyer which increases with amazing rapidity. For their destruction aphis brushes are used, or syringing with tobacco or soft-soapy water. At last the flower will come to reward the gardener for all his patient care. Tea and hybrid perpetual Koses blooming in the autumn as well as in the summer, the plants need to be kept clear of mildew — a great plague to the Rose grower and always present, committing great damage unless destroyed by timely dusting with flowers of sulphur. Mildew and the Rose aphis together sometimes attack the young shoots at the late time of blooming, in which case sulphur thorough' diffused in warm rain- water should be syringed over the plants. As to the best varieties to cultivate I have to say that the best varieties are cheap, because they are plentiful and well known. I am quite ready to admit that some good Roses are sent out every year, but there are a good many inferior ones. For my part I have most faith in English raised Roses, because the growers send them — at least sorts fitted for exhibition — to the exhibitionsbefore they are sent out, and thus give the public an opportunity to see them before they purchase. J. Douglas, Great Gcarics. A Curious DiscoVERY.—Iu the tartar of teeth from skeletons of the stone age, Jfr. Charles White, of the Odontological Society of Great Britain, has found specimens of the food eaten by our 4)rehistoric ancestors ."000 years or more ago. The fragments identified include portions of corn husks, spiral vessels from vegetables, starch husks, fruit cells, the point of a fish's tooth, and bits of wool, feathers and cartilage, EXHIBITIONS OF CHIIYSA.N- THEMUMS. These are now so numerous that every town of importance has its show, and many places also of lesser pretensions. The flower-loving public appear to be attracted much more to autumn than they do to spring exhibitions, and it is probably owing to this fact that the Chrysanthemum is so generallv popular. But there is after all a great deal of monotony about these constantly recurring exhibitions of what has been termed the queen of autumn flowers. One sees the very same style of group at all of them, varying only in size and in the quality of bloom found upon the plants ; the trained specimens are also alike, and far too many of them presented in a flat and unnatural fashion. There are lines of stands of blooms of the most formal character, without a leaf to vary the parallelograms of cones of varying colour marshalled upon the painted green stands with such severe military precision ; and there is now present in the mind of the observer the sus- picion that the dresser-out has quite as much to do with the prominence given to this or that stand by the judges as the skill of the cultivator. Those who regard correct form as expressive of the truest lines of beauty see in these formal-looking incurved blooms the highest triumph of the florist's art. Others are conscious only of a tedious formality, repellent rather than attractive. The great popularity enjoyed by the Chrysanthe- mum may be accepted as iadicative that Chrysan- themum exhibitions will increase rather than diminish in number. With this certainty before us, is it unreasonable to require that, in order to prevent the obvious sameness seen more or less in all shows of this kind, and still more because this very feature is in d.inger of causing something like a revulsion in the public mind — is it, we say, too much to ask that novel features should be introduced to exhibitions? We have seen stands of blooms shown with 4 or G inches of stem and foliage, and this seems to in- dicate one direction in which alittle agreeable change might be secured. The difficulty appears to be to ensure the flower-stems being in an erect and properly regulated position, so that the eye be not offended by an appearance of confusion and want of harmony. Bunches of pompon Chrysanthemums shown in this way have l>een seen at some exhibi- tions for a few years past, and have always com- manded admiration. At some important shows we have seen vases of Chrysanthemum lilooms — some on a large scale for entrance halls and such places, and some on a smaller scale for table use, admirably arranged and shown in excellent taste. At a recent exhibition at Reading, although the vases were restricted to 5 inches in diameter, yet the space admitted of a large bunch of blooms being arranged in the most admirable manner. Epergnes and bouquets of Chrj-san- tliemums should be encourged also ; the long- keeping qualities of the Chrysanthemum in a cut state fits it for room decoration at this season of the year. The method generally adopted for showing the blooms of the fine and varied Japanese Chrysanthe- mums is one that seems to rob the blossoms of half their beauty. The fact that many of their blooms can be grown to a large size, from 9 to 15 inches in diameter, requires a stand of a diflerent character to that usually employed to display Chrysanthemum flowers to the beat advantage. They are not only too much crowded, but they are placed too low oa the boards, which imparts to otherwise attractive blooms a flat and squat appearance. The main drawback to elevating the blossoms of the finely formed incurved varieties is, that the base of a fl>iwer will droop, and the symmetry is destroyed. The very oi>posite holds good in the case of the Japanese varieties. They gain in beauty when their b.asal florets can droop elegantly below ihe level of the involucre, and this also imparts an appearance of depth and solidity to the blossoms. What is wanted are stands in which the flowers pan be placed wider 44 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jaitoaet 14, 1888. apart, and some method is necessary by which the blossoms can be also placed at a greater elevation. Tliese suggestions might appropriately enough engage the attention of the supporters of the National Clirysanthemum Society. Country socie- ties are found looking to it as an executive qualified to legislate in the interest of this popular flower; and anything that can enhance its value, either as an exhibition or decorative agent, should be the concern of what we may regard as the leading orga- nisation, whose main object it is to extend the usefulness of the Chrysanthemum. E. D. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. OLDFIELD, BICKLEY. Thb Phaljenopsis here— always an interesting feature— were many of them either in bloom, or showing forward spikes of bloom ; P. Stuartiana had several blooms fully open, showing the brilliant red of the lip conspicuously. This is still a very scarce species. Of P. grandiHora were very fine pieces, and y. Sanderiana was beginning to disclose the colour in its buds of bloom. The foliage resembles that of P. amabilis, but is silvery-grey above, and the marbling like that found on P. Schilleriana. Many plants, healthy and dark green as to foliage, and the spikes large and long, were observed of F. amabilis. The plants of P. Schilleriana are going to flower well at a later date. This is a most beautiful species, and finds here a good cultivator in Mr. Heims. P. speciosa and many another were only just pushing up their spikes, and we were therefore not rewarded with a sight of their flowers. Growing under apparently similar conditions to the Phalicnopsis were plants of Angra'cum citratum, with flower-spikes in a forward state, and the gorgeous "\''anda Sanderiana. In the house once used as an experimental-house, and where Orchids used to be hung up to the roof and exposed to full sunshine, we found a collection of Odontoglossums, and of those noted in flower, were O. Alexandra;, O. Pescatorei, showing flower quite generally ; O. aspersnm (a supposed hybrid be- tween O. maculatum and O. Rossi) was just indicating the colour in its buds, and O. Harryanum appeared to be progressing under the treatment afforded, the home-made pseudobulbs on the lately imported plants being every bit as good as those that were made in its distant habitat. Of Masdevallias a few were ornamented sparsely with flowers, viz., lilacina, ignea, Shuttleworthi ; the white with yellow tailed Polysticta, very small and curious ; Octhodes, a pretty companion to the last- named— the flowers yellow ; Fraseri, a Veitchian hybrid, and resembling Veitchiana in habit and bright colours ; the showy spleudida, also of Chel- sonian origin, was showing colour. The Cattleyas promise for fine bloom, especially C. Percivalliana, which is to flower here for the first time this year ; the Trianje section, C.Warneri, C. Reineckiana, C. Men- delii snperba, C. Backhousianam. The Oldfield Catt- leyas would not perhaps please those who prefer fine dark green immaculate foliage, and would be deemed unsightly ; but of their flowering capabilities there can be but one opinion. The houses here are fully exposed the whole day, and get more sunlight, and as a consequence ventilation, than do others ; hence the lighter colour and shortness of the leaves. The Cattleya-house contains other species besides those : noticeable were good forms of Odontoglossum Rossi, many large pieces of Coelogyne cristata in variety, C. Lemoinei, Angrsecum eburneum with several of its fine spikes of white and green flowers in fine order. Vandas and Saccolabium giganteum, the last-named a small plpnt bearing a raceme of pinkish-purple and white flowers. The spike is com- paratively puny in point of size, but the foliage is larger than that of other Saccolabiums. A goodly number of Cypripediums were observed in flower, and especially fine was the true C. insigne Maulei, a flower paler in colour than the type, and perhaps always of a smaller size in all its parts : C. i. albo marginata is rather larger than Maulei, but is finely marked ; C. violaceum and C. Chantini, varieties with handsome markings, were full of flowers. Several forms of La:lia anceps brightened the house with their showy spikes of flower ; we remarked L. a. Barkeri, L. a. Morada, botli with a lip of remarkable brilliancy and depth of colour : and L. a. HiUiana, the softer tints of whose flowers formed an excellent contrast to the other forms of L. anceps. The fine white L. a. Stella was found making good gi-owth on a raft suspended near the roof. Lycaste Skinneri alba, a still uncommon variety, was bearing a few blooms. In all respects this collection of choice and rare Orchids keeps up its old reputation, and is well looked after by Mr. Heims. The S.iTYEii'MS. These are very handsome when well grown, but our cool Orchid -house is too damp for them. If any one has a spare shelf near the glass in a light airy greenhouse, these and many other Cape plants would fill it better and give a better return for the care bestowed on them than most plants. I have flowered some very handsome Satyriums, and recently having seen a grand inflorescence of S. carneum at Jlr. A. H. Smee's, at The Grange, Hackbridge, and knowing his skill, it occurred to me to ask him to describe his culture of these plants, and he says : — " The Satyrium carneum has succeeded well, potted in rough fibrous peat and yellow loam in equal quan- tities, with a good sprinkling of coarse silver, sand and well drained pots. They were grown in the open air from July till the middle of September, in a shady position. The greatest care is necessary in watering, as the thick fleshy leaves cover the surface of the pot, and if one gets slightly injured the whole leaf ultimately decays. Before the flower-spike appears the centre of the plant resembles Hwmanthus coccineus and is unfortunately a convenient place for water to lodge, which, if allowed to remain, very soon causes the plant to rot. When water is required, the best way is to immerse the pots in a pail of water and keep the plants under cover during rain. After the plants have bloomed they are gradually dried off, and when at rest the pots are stored in a dry airy part of the cool-house and require no further atten- tion until they commence to grow again." Harrow. DeNDROBIUM TETnAGONCM. Like the majority of Australian Dendrobes this species is by no means of easy culture — a fact which perhaps accounts for its comparative rarity, notwith- standing the quaint and singular appearance of its flowers. Both in habit and in flower it is very difl'erent from any Dendrobium in cultivation. The pseudobulbs are four-angled, G to 10 inches in length, tapering towards the top and bottom. The sepals are about 2 inches in length, and produced into long tapering points ; they are greenish-yellow in colour, with a few chocolate-coloured blotches ; the petals are similar in shape, but shorter, and without blotches ; the lip is creamy-white, marked with bars of pale rose. Minus the two petals, the general aspect of the flower would not be unlike that of a Chimreroid Masdevallia. It is figured in the Botanical Mar/azine, t. 5256, but apparently from a poor variety ; a better and more distinctly marked form is now in flower at Kew. The plant requires stove treatment, and should occupy the lightest position in the house. W.B. SOBBALIA SESSrLIS. This species, which in habit is one of the dwarfest of the genus, was introduced from British Guiana about 1840, but it has not at any time been common in cultivation, and exists at the present time in only few collections. Its flowers, like those of S. ma- crantha, are individually rather fugacious, but while they last they are e.Ktremely chaste and pretty. The sepals and petals are white, faintly tinged with rose, ovate in shape, and form a full open flower 2 inches across. The lip is of a pale puq:>lish colour. suflTused witli yellow; the sides turn up and meet over the column. The flowers are produced from the top of slender stems 1^2 feet high, which con- tinue sending up flowers singly for several months. A plant in the warm Orchid-house at Kew has now been flowering at irregular intervals since early summer. According to accounts published at the time of its introduction, it is found growing in hot, dry situations. If this be correct, it shows the advantages which are sometimes the result of de- parting from natural conditions ; for the plant men- tioned above, which is in vigorous health, is kept very moist throughout the year. As the roots mostly develope in a horizontal direction, a rather shallow pan is best to grow it in. W. B., Royal Gar- dens, Kew. BnASSAVOLA CUCDLLATA VAn. CUSPIDATA. A species as beautiful in its flowers as it is curious. The leaves are pendent, green, but quill-like, with a sharp point at the extremity. The white star-like flowers are at the end of long slender stalks, each is about 5 inches in the long diameter, with narrow, lanceolate, acuminate, spreading segments, and a lip of similar form but laciniate at the edges near the base, and hollowed out in front of the short white column. Lindcnia, t. 111. AOANISIA CTAKEA. A Brazilian species, with creeping rhizome, fusi- form pseudobulbs, lanceolate leaves, tapering at the base into a short stalk, and basal, many-flowered racemes. Each flower measures about 2 inches in its largest diameter, is of oblong outline, with obovate spatulate segments of a bluish colour, a lip narrow at the base, dilated into a trowel-shaped rosy-lilac lip, with stripes of a deeper tint. The column is white, with two rosy-lilac wings. This plant, which is very rare in cultivation, flowered last autumn in the Orchid-houses of the " Horticulture Inter- nationale.*' It requires a damp warm atmosphere during the growing period, and to be shaded from the direct rays of the sun. Lindcnia. loNOPSIS PANICULATA TAR. MAXIMA. An elegant Brazilian species, with lanceolate leaves and long slender flower-stalks, bearing a many- flowered panicle of moth-like flowers, the segments of which are small as compared to the large (H inch in diameter) roundish notched lip, which is white, with a lilac blotch at the base. Lindcnia, t. 114. DURANTA PLUMIERI, How many people nowadays grow this old- fashioned shrub we cannot say, but certainly it has become scarce out of botanic gardens, though its pretty blue flowers, borne in great profusion towards the end of the branches, as Mr. Kicholson describes them iu the Diciiunary of Gardening, render it a suitable plant for the decoration of the stove in autumn. The Durantas are very variable — some spiney, others destitute of thorns ; some with serrate, others with entire leaves. The variety we are now enabled to figure (fig. 9), owing to the kindness of Mr. Woodrow, has white flowers, and is a great favourite in Indian gardens, not only for its flowers but for its ambei -coloured fruit, which is said to remain on the plant for many weeks. The manner in which the calyx-lobes become twisted as the fruit ripens is noteworthy. The species is widely diffused through- out tropical America. THE CROTON. Few plants rival Crotons for beauty and grace- fulness of foliage, and although few plants are less neglected by gardeners, careful attention is necessary t if success is to be attained in their culture. As regards their propagation, they can be struck from cuttings at almost any time of the year, the spring being, however, the best time. Healthy, well- coloured points of shoots should be selected for the purpose, and inserted in small pots, with a thick layer of silver-sand on the surface of the soil ; the pots should be well drained, and almost any kind ot light soil will do until the cuttings have struck root. .1 Januaky 14, 1858.] THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 45 A propagating case, or a hand-light with a mov- able top, is a \^Yy good help in striking Crotons ; or a bell-glass ; failing these aids, potting off should be done as soon as sufficient roots are formed. As the Croton is much employed for table decoration, any that are set apart for the use of pots will not need any larger size than 24"s, height and size of plant being governed by requirements. If large specimens are sought for, potting must be strictly attended to, so as to keep the plants growing freely, for if the growth be checked by the plants becoming too much pot-bound, the specimens will be deficient in leaf- watered regularly, and the water should be at about the same temperature as that of the house. When sufficient roots are formed in the new soil, manure- water maybe given in a weak state occasionally until the plant becomes rather pot-bound, when it can be given at greater strength. The draiuings from a manure-heap is the best if they can be obtained, and if not, I would strongly recommend Thomson's Vine and Plant Manure to be mixed among the soil used for potting them. Syringing the plants is an operation which, if performed properly, will prevent insects from infesting the plants so as to cause any trouble. FlU. 9.— DUBANTA PLUMlKni, VAK. ALBA. (sEB P. 41.) growth. Theearly autumn is the best time to pot them, as by so doing the roots get a firm hold of the fresh soil by the springtime. The best potting material is turfy loam with the fine soil sifted out of it, and a liberal mixture of sand. Artificial manure may be used with advan- tage, but spliMidid plants can be grown witiiout any at all. The ])ots used must be tlioroughly clean, and well drained with large pieces of potsherds ; no small sherds should be used, a surer and better drainage being thus secured. Watering is of much importance, and on the judicious administration of it depends Bttccess. Crotons are moisture-loving plants, and must be If scale is troublesome, they must be picked ofl' with a small pointed stick, and the plants after- wards syringed with petroleum at the rate of a wineglassful to four gallons of rather hot water, and kept regularly stirred about while using it. In the summer months forcible syringing must be done every evening, and jdenty of atmospheric moisture maintained in the house, wdiich should be closed early to allow the temperature to run up from 85° to 95°, all steaming troughs being kept filled with water, and at times with liquid manure, the plants being ko]it growing. The most suitable temperature in winter is G5° at niglit, to 75° by day with suu-heat ; the summer temperature may range from 75° by night to 80° and 90° by day with sun- heat. All pinching and cutting out of points is best done in the autumn or winter months, and the plants should be tied in of the required shape, which may be either bush or pyramid ; the point must be taken well back so as to get a good break of three to four buds below, and the desired shape should be determined on early, and then, if large plants are wanted, a splendid one can be gi-own from a cutting in about four years. Thrips, which are partial to the plant, can be destroyed by fumigating, and for white thrips tobacco- water is by far the best insecticide. This variety generally attacks the young leaves, causing them to fall oft', and especially is it partial to Croton Hawkeri ; but if pure water (soft) be forcibly applied with the syringe, few insects will be found to harbour on the plants, and sponging of the leaves should be done occasionally. As regards the best varieties to grow, the follow- ing may be taken as representing the best ; — Warreni, Chelsoni, interruptus aureus, Johannis, Queen Victoria, angustifolius, Weinmanni, superbus, Earl of Derby, and Disraeli — the latter having three-lobed leaves. Maijlower. Trade Notices. MESSRS. HURST and SON. Amongst the many notable firms which have risen into importance during the last fifty years and which owe their present flourishing condition to the energy and intelligence of the directing mind, the firm of Ilurst & Son., of 152 and 153, Houndsditch, London, holds a foremost place. But little is betrayed by outward sign of the amount of business that is transacted within their precincts. Standing before the rather old-fashioned premises, which com- prise three wholesale shops, and offices, and roomy warehouses in the rear, there is nothing about its external aspect differing from that of many other similar places in the city of London. A surprise is, however, in store for any one visiting the cleaning, packing, order departments, and warehouses at the rear. The storage space, large as it is, does not contain all the produce, but portions of each, for prompt despatch, the remainder of the bulks being at railway stations, and warehouses in London and other places. This perforce must be so with goods of such large bulk as Beans, Peas, grass seeds, and Mangels, the mere cartage transport of which from the points of arrival, and the costliness of warehouse space in the City, being items of cost which must be taken into consideration at any time, and of extreme im- portance in these days of keen competition. The tour of inspection lately undertaken by the writer was commenced at the Houndsditch entrance ; the first place being a long room, whose windows looked out on Houndsditch at one end, and into the large yard at the rear. Here the wliolesale vegetable seeds are put into bags, or packets, ready for require- ments, and later for removal to the final packing up, which takes place elsewhere. Here were noticed great bins filled with varieties of Carrots, Spinach, Onions, Beets, Cabbages, Kales, Savoys, Broccoli, &c. With regard to the quarters whence these seeds come, we were informed that the Turnips and Swedes are chiefly of Bedfordshire and Kentish growth : Cabbage and Broccoli seed is chiefly grown in Essex, and Onion seed comes from the headquarters of Onion culture — Bedfordshire. In a room off the side were a number of women and girls busy in making up various sized packets in readiness for future orders— a clecn feminine em- ployment, not involving either hard labour or grimy persons or clothes. Stepping out-of-doors we entered a building at one end of which is the despatch office, whence no single item sent to customers is allowed to dejmrt till after careful scrutiny. This office contains samples of goods lying at sea- ports, railway stations, canal-wharves, and similar places of storage. Frequently sales are effected from 46 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jancauv 14, 18^8 these samples only, the goods never coming to the warehouse in Houndsditch at all. In the neighbourhood of this happy dispatch office were stacked hundreds of bushels of Beans. There were Beans Broad, Beans French, Beans of Butter (Butter Bohnen)— capital eating tliese last, but not making much way in our country, because English housewives imagine that the pods of " good " Beans sliould be green, which these are not, but yellow, like butter. The warehouse we are now in is on the Church Row side of the range of buildings, into which it has an entrance, and an Otto gas engine working silently affords the means of loading and unloading heavy goods. The warehouse is devoted to the storage of Peas. On all the floors sacks are piled ten sacks high, excepting narrow passages, which bewilder the ex- plorer in the uncertain half light, which run through and around these piles of Peas. Women were sort- ing Peas at tables running along in front of a row of large windows, other women were sifting out, in small machines consisting of a series of sieves, Peas that were faulty in samples before passing the seed to the women at the table. The sorting done by the latter, consisted of picking out weevil- eaten seeds, and such other inferior or small seeds as the indiscriminating sieve machine had let pass through its meshes. So much Peas is getting monotonous and we long to escape up the steep ladder-like stairs only to find that tlie Peas have ascended before us, and that the room is as full as the one we have left below. One cannot but be impressed by the immensity of Pea matter on all sides, the produce of 1500 — 2000 acres of laml. These enormous quantities of Peas are grown by farmers and others, who enter into a contract to grow a certain quantity at a price per quarter cf 8 bushels; and be the nature of the season what it may, and the yield ever so small, the contract holds good. In a favourable season the early Peas are delivered at the warehouse during August, and the later varieties in succession as harvested. Certain kinds of Peas are in large demand— such are Daniel O'Rourke, Early Prolific, Advancer, Pii/.etaker, Champion of England, Laxton's Supreme, Ne Pius Ultra, Veitch's Perfection, aud Britiali Queen. It was with a feeling of relief that we again ascended to a floor piled with sacks to the joists as before, not with Peas, but with seeds of Cauliflower, Cabbage, Broccoli, and Onion, in numerous varieties, and the seeds of 1887 growth. Another floor above this one was heavily laden with seeds in sacks, over- piled, of Riidishes, lung and short, Spinaches, Sweet Peas, and Mignonette. Fancy, ye retailers and sowers of pinches of Mig- nonette seed, what labour and cost the 5000 lb. of seed of this perfumed favourite mean in saving and clean- ing the same ! How many acres of the plant must be grown ere the weight of 21: tons is obtained, and how much labour was spent in getting it ready for you ! Seed of Mignonette and many other kinds of annual flowering plants come from tiie county of Essex, although other jmrts of England and the continent of Europe supply considerable quantities. Of Sweet Peas, in mixed colours, as much as 200 bushels were in stock, and in separate colours about 100 bushels. Another floor near the top of this warehouse, mea- suring 20 yards in length by 16 yards in width, con- tained sacks of seed of Parsnip and Carrots; and at the very top were Carrot and Beet seed in bulk ; this floor was made practically air-tight, the better to preserve the vitality of the seed deposited therein. In the busy season of cleaning and despatching seeds, about 150 to 200 women, besides men and boys, are employed in this single warehouse, at rates of wages that vary with the individual's dexterity. The warehouse for Turnip and Swede seeds is apnrt from the others, and has a distinct statf of men wlio execute all orders for these seeds. Screening and sifting the seeds is carried on here by means of cleverly designed machines of the firm's invention. A floor in this warehouse would measure about 12 yards by 18 yards, and the stocks stored at this season are very large, sacks being piled from floor to ceiling, 8000 sacks being about the quantity then in store. The cleaning is done by means of screens and sieves, the seed falling in some instances from floor to floor, until it appears at last perfectly free from light and weed seeds. Besides the premises in Iloundsditch is another large warehouse in Butler Street, not far from the Jewish quarter of Aldgate. The area on which it stands is about 30 yards by 30 yards, giving floor- space equal to 1 acre. Here were stored hundreds of tons of Clovers — white, red, Alsike. Lucerne, and Cow-grass, predominating. Natural grasses find a place on some of the floors, and much of the seed was still in the sacks in whicli it was imported. Here were observed a large bulk of Fo.x tail-grass from Finland in unwieldly bags of roughly woven material, and feeling like nothmg so much as a feather-bed. Cocksfoot and l?ye-gras5 from France, and Dogstail grass from Holland, occu- pied a large amount of the space on different floors. The mixing of the various natural grasses, for the varied purposes to wliich they are put in field and garden, is done in this building. Of Timothy and red Clover, and Meadow Fescue and Cocksfoot, very large quantities come from the United States of America and Canada; and we observed English, Scotch, and Irish perennial Rye-grass in enormous bulk. Natural grasses and Clover are the products oi many different parts of Europe and North America, and beside the country before-mentioned, Sweden furnishes Timothy and Alsike, Austria aud Germany supply Alsike, white and red Clover, Lucerne; Sain- foin and Italian Rye-grass come from France. Some varieties of Mangel Wurzel seed were stored here, the quantity of which was very large. Much of the Mangel Wurzel seed is the growth of Kent, Essex, and Cambridgeshire. Where do these enormous stocks of seeds go to ? The agri- cultural seeds, especially those of grasses and Clovers, are largely shipped to Australia, New Zealand, California, Canada, and the United States of America, the two former countries taking seeds of suitable grasses to lay down immense tracts of cleared scrub for pasturage purpose : in one instance lOO.OlX) acres were so treated with excellent results. Smaller but increasing con- signments of agricultural seeds are made to the Cape and Natal. And not only are mixtures of grasses extensively used for laying down new pasture land, but the preparation of seeds for the improve- ment of old pastures is an important matter also, and is especially considered by Messrs. Ilurst & Son. The United States is a good customer for flower and vegetable seeds, and considerable quantities are exported to Intlia, China, and Japan — in fact, to whatever habitable part of the globe our wandering race have migrated. Seeds which have to be sent to distant parts of the world, and have therefore to pass through different degrees of temperature are found to travel in the best condition when packed in air-tiglit tanks. To meet this requirement the firm pack seeds loosely in canvas bags, which are then put into the tanks through the manhole, and being loose it is found possible to pack into the tank a larger quantity of seed, than could be done with firmly made-up packages. When quite full the cover- ing of the manhole is fixed securely, aud all in proper condition to withstand the — for seeds — trying journev. Quite recently an additional space has been secured for the flower seed department by the acquirement of No. 151, Houndsditch. Here is brought together the pictorial seed-packet and German seed-packet business — a branch which is yearly increasing in volume. The flower seeds in bulk aud in packets occupy about 1000 drawers in this portion of the premises. In an establishment of this magnitude a much longer time than that occupied by the writer of this note would be required before an exhaustive inspec- tion could be made, but enough will have been noted to give the reader some insight into the extent and variety of business and the care taken in its manage- ment by a large firm like this. The Orangery. ORANGE TREES IN POTS. I WAS pleased to read an account of the successful culture of Orange trees iu pots at p. 755 (vol. ii., 3rd ser.) I have for many years advocated the culture of these in pots, and more than once detailed the system of culture I have found best in practice. This is now the season for reaping the frnits of twelve months' labour. During the months of November, December, and January the Maltese Blood and the St. Michael's varieties continue to produce well-developed, well ripened fruit bursting with juice, indeed there is always a difficulty to prevent the skins bursting with the juice. The best way to prevent this is to keep them short of water at the roots, with a rather dry atmosphere at the same time. This is quite necessary when the fruit is ripe ; and at that time there is no great danger of the skin cracking : it is when the fruit is approach- ing the ripening stage that the danger exists, and that precautions should be taken. The little Tan- gierine variety is the more useful because it pro- duces its delicious fruit in September, and the fruit is scarcely gathered before the blossoms appear for next season's crop. The trees ought to be kept rather cool for a short period, and advantage may be taken of this time of rest to repot any of the trees that re- quire repotting ; but this is not required except about once in two years ; and the season in which they are not repotted a good surface dressing is desirable. Before applying the surface dressing, a portion of the top soil ought to be removed, but not to the extent of disturbing the roots very much. I remove all the soil down to the point where the fibrous roots are numerous, and pick it out from amongst them to a very limited extent, with the tine of a steel digging fork — one may be broken from a worn out-fork. An appliance of this kind can be laid aside, and is useful for re- moving the surface soil from any class of pot plants for top-dressing, and also for disentangling the roots before proceeding to repot any of the trees. In this place it is also well to remark that ifa fruit tree, or any tree, has to remain in a pot for, say. two or three years, it ought to be placed in it carefully. Let the pots be clean at least inside, and quite dry. If they are new, let thein be soaked for a few hours in clean water, and dried before using. Place clean potsherds over the hole in the bottom, in such a position that the water may drain down equally well in every part. Spread over them a layer of fibrous turf from which the clay particles have been shaken out. The com- post ought to be ready mixed six weeks or more before using it, and not too dry. The black peaty soil in which Orange trees are potted and sent to this country from the Continent will not do at all for trees intended to produce fruit far superior to the best imported. Good fibrous loam — the tougher the fibre the better, and not too much decayed — is best. Let it be torn up by hand, and mixed with a fifth or sixth part of stable manure ; some crushed bones and charcoal broken up into pieces from the size of a hazel-nut to a wal- nut, an inch or so of the potting compound, may be spread over the fibre, and pressed in firmly ; the tree which has been prepared for potting, sliould have its base resting on this, with the upper part an inch or RO below the rim ; and a space all round the ball of roots, of 1 inch to 2 inches ; fill in all round with the soil, beating it down rather firmly with a wooden rammer. When the trees are treated in this way, they grow with great vigour, and speedily fill the new soil with roots ; but in the early stages of their forming roots, care must be taken not to give too much water, as an excess of moisture in the fresh rich soil would cause it to become sour. Orange trees and Pine plants succeed well together, if the trees can be placed in a part not occupied by the Pines. I find they will do no good und^r the shade of Vines, or in fact anything else ; even the necessary light shadingrequired for a hothouse containing plants is inimical to their perfect development : this 1 have found out in practice. I tried to grow them in a house where Cattleyas did well, but found the fruit was inferior in flavour, and none of it cracked in anyway. I therefore advocate free exposure to sun- light, and a high temperature; indeed, during the summer months, the temperature would rise to 90° and 100° in the afternoon, with the sun shining directly on the leaves ; but this is what they delight in, and must be very much like the climate where Oranges ripen best ; of course, at the time of shutting up the Iiouse, the trees are freely syringed with tepid Jantarv I-I, iStS.] THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 47 water, and the moisture arising in the bonse speeiiily condeuses on the glass, forming a iilm which, to a certain extent, must intercept the suns rays. Jas. Douqlas. Orange Trees. — At this season. Orange trees grown to supply ripe edible fruit will be in a house whose temperature will range from 55° at niglit to 65^ and 70° by day — the higher point being reached bv sun heat and not by firing. With Oranges used to embellish the conservatory, the course to be pur- sued consists in maintaining the house at a day warmth of 55°— 00°, and during the night at 45° or even less. Watering the Orange trees in tubs in the cool house is a matter requiring much judgment, and should not be deputed to young or inexperienced men, over-watering being especially detrimental to the health of the trees. If ample drainage be afforded to trees in tubs, once a month will be sufficiently often to give water to plants in tubs of 2} feet to 3 feet in diameter; smaller sized tubs and pots requiring water perhaps at rather shorter intervals. During the winter months, when bad weather often compels work to be found for the gardeners indoors, tire opportunity should be seized to have the plants cleaned of black mould which afftcts the older foliage ; and of white scale and dust. All of these incrust either the foliage or the wood, and are harmful in various degrees to the well-being of the trees. For scale and blackfungus, petroleum emulsion is excellent ; sponging the leaves with a sponge, and scrubbing the bark with a brush. Aged trees frequently set too large crops of fruit, and if all the fruits are allowed to remain on the tree its energies become proportionately weakened — short growth, small foliage, and a tendency to become affected with the above-mentioned insect, and accre- tions. It is, therefore, in cases of excessive fruiting necessary to reduce the number of the frnits, as is done with other fruit trees under cultivation. The fruits left will be finer, and therefore more orna- mental, and although they will hang on the trees long after they are ripe, the greater portion should be gathered before the opening of the blossoms in the spring. Fresh tubbing or potting need not engage atten- tion before the end of March. M. F. The Flower Garden. Heebaceous Boedees. — There is an increasing demand for hardy perennial plants, and every pro- bability of its enduring for some considerable time. Although the time for making and arranging beds and borders is now some five or six weeks late it is not yet too late to proceed with tlie work, providing it be taken in hand in mild weather and completed forthwith, and to be rewarded with a fairly good display during the summer and autumn months, and as doubtless there are some amongst our readers who from various causes were unable to take advantage of the proper season, and are still desirous of not losing a year, we give a few details regarding the arrangement and selection of a fairly representative collection of suf^cient variety. In the making of new borders, and where the choice of a piece of ground is free, preference should be given for an open situation and a well-drained soil ; but this is not an absolute necessity, as many perennial plants will grow fairly well almost any- where ; however, it is as well to bear in mind that there are places which may be described as bad, the worst being in the immediate vicinity of large trees, whose roots impoverish the borders, and the branches in the summer months unduly shade the plants growing near. There is no objection to having a border in front of dwarf growing shrubs with trees in the background — indeed this is where we most fre- quently find one in private gardens, neither is there any thing objectionable in their being in close proximity to a fence or a wall having an aspect facing east, west, or south. Having selected and marked out the extent of the intended border, the ground should be trenched, and if out of condition a dressing of decayed manure should be worked in as the digging proceeds. If the soil is of a clayey nature and liable to "bake" on the sur- face in hot weather, nothing is better than mixing a liberal addition of burnt clay, wood ashes, leaf- mould, and finely-sifted cinder-osh with the staple. The labour involved in this extra work will be com- pensated for afterwards by the finer growth of the plants. In planting an open border — let us say 13 feet wide and of any length— the arrangement of plants should be of such a character that the border will present a double face, the tallest plants being put in the centre, and gradu.ally reducing in height down to the outside. For a border of this width seven rows of plants will be ample, and may be arranged as follows :— Central row. Delphiniums of sorts ; along with these may be Pyrethrum uligino- sum and Helianthus. The above will average in height from -i^ to 6 feet. The second row should be at a distance of 2 feet from the preceding, and may consist of Solidago canadense, Spira>a aruncus, Michaelmas Daisies of sorts, then Bocconia japonica, Oenothera grandiflora, Papaver bracteatum, Verbas- cum nigrum, V. niveum, and Lilium candidum. The majority of these will range from 3 to 4 feet. The third row from the centre should be at a distance of 18 inches from the second, suitable plants being Asphodelus luteus. Anemone japonica, Achillea ptarmica fl. -plena, Aquilegia cojrulea, A. chrysantha. Aster dumosus, A. amellus, A. grandiflorus, A. bes- arabicus, Astrantia miijor. Chrysanthemum articum, Dielytra spectabilis, Dictamnus fraxinella, Doronicum caucasicum, Geum coccineum, Hemerocallis flava. Iris amcena, I. Kajmpferi and its varieties, Lobelia fulgens, L. syphilitica and varieties. Lychnis chal- cedoniea, Oenothera Fraseri, Phlox, florists' varieties : Rudbeckia Newmaniana and Stenactis speciosa. The next row should be 8 inches from the edge of the borders, and may be planted with Campanula carpatica, C. collina, Dracocephalum austriacum, Gentiana verna, Hepatica triloba and its varieties, Iberis gibraltarica, Tussilago farfara variegata, T. fragrans, Veronica Candida, V. reptans, Violas of sorts, Helleborus niger and varieties. Instead of scattering herbaceous plants indiscriminately through the border, an attempt should be made to group colonies of plants of one variety, or of one species together; this will add much to the interest felt by the observer, as the same thing, when once seen, will not be met with again in another spot. Before planting has commenced tread the surface of the border down firmly, and as the planting proceeds press down each plant also, and finish off with a top- dressing of decayed manure. In the event of dry weather being experienced at a later period occa- sional waterings will be necessary and beneficial till the roots have taken a firm hold of the soil. Avoid at all times the common practice of forking over the surface-soil merely for the sake of giving a neat and clean appearance, for on borders planted with subjects of this character, the only garden tools that should be used afterwards are a Dutch hoe, rake, and trowel. /. Hori'efietti , Hei/tei'hKri/, Plants under Glass. The CoNSEnv.\TOEV. — This structure in many cases is attached to the mansion, and the general effect externally, or from an architectural point of view, frequently gets more consideration at the time of erection than do the arrangements for the well- being of the future occupants. Now that the Chrysanthemums are nearly over. Salvias will be found useful, although it is true they are not so useful for cutting as purposes, for intermixing with other plants. Owing to their varied and dis- tinct colours some are very attractive subjects. Amongst the best for conservatory decoration are S. Bethellii,with its rosy-crimson flowers and bright - coloured bracts; S. ianthina — this is a lovely, species, having large deep violet-purple flowers; S. splendens, and S. Bruantii, both of a vivid scarlet These are now just at their best, and will soon be over, to be succeeded by S. coclestina, a free- flowering sort, of a beautiful shade of blue, telling well amongst other plants ; S. ruti- lans — this is one of the best, with its glowing red racemes of flowers — S. Camertoni, purple-brown flowers ; S. Steerii, a strong-growing scarlet ; S. Goudotii — this species has a dwarf bushy habit, and yields a profusion of its light mauve flowers for a long time ; S. elegans and S. gesnerteflora var. splendens are two of the best ; elegans has a free branching drooping habit, forming a perfect pyra- mid of flowers, and is a good plant to stand in isolated positions. To have Salvias iu pood condition for winter- flowering it is best to raise a fresh batch of plants annually, and the present is a good time to put in cuttings. Select the points of .strong healthy shoots, insert them in threes round the sides of small GO's, using rather sandy loam. Stand them where they can have a rather close moist atmosphere — about 55° — they will root in about three weeks, and may then be potted on singly in 60's; return them to" their former quarters until they begin to grow, afterwards hardening them off, and placing them with the Chrv- santhemum cuttings, which will now be in process of being potted off. T/ie Forcinq-hoiise. — Continue to introduce fresh batches of plants from the reserve stores. It is always well to err on the safe side by bringing in a few more than you think will actually be required, and should you be fortunate enough to get all your batch to turn out well — a few extra flowers never come amiss. Lily of the Valley will now be coming in freely — do not be in too great a haste to remove the plunging material. If it is uncovered too soon, it is very diHicult to get the flowers to open properly after- wards. After the flower-spikes are well up and are showing colour, remove the plants to a cooler house, the foliage will then develope, and this if the pots are to be used for decorative purposes, makes them look much better. Deutzias are now coming on rapidly, if they are weakly they may be very much improved, while their racemes are developing, bv the application of liquid manure. Astilbejaponica (Spira!a) is also much improved by this kind of treatment ; if the ordinary sources of liquid manure are not avail- able, an ounce of nitrate of soda to the gallon of water will answer — it gives that kind of luxuriance and dark green colour to the foliage which is so much admired. Examine Tulips, Daffodils, Polyanthus Narcissus, and Hyacinths. The latter may be pushed on rather faster than the others, as they are likely to have more roots ; unless there are |)leiity of roots, hard forcing will only end in abortive flowers. This is especially the case with Tulips. If not already done, lose no time in getting in some Tea Roses, anil for the earliest batch we prefer plants that do not require potting, merely removing the loose surface soil from the pots, and putting on a little quantity of any of the concentrated fertilisers, re-surfacing with fresh soil. If it can be managed they are better if started in a temperature of about 50°, until they have broken away. Unless it be urgent, do not keep up an extra high night temperature in the forcing house, say a minimum of 60° — rather allow a con- siderable rise during the day. F. Hoss, Petidell Court, The Hardy Fruit Garden. Planting. — Where this has been delayed, the change to milder weather will enable it to be pro- ceeded with. Having selected the sites to be planted, proceed to dijj the holes, which for standard trees should not be less than 3 feet in diameter, 2 feet in depth, the soil at the bottom of the hole being well broken up. In planting the trees throw in some good sound loam, chopped up with a little well rotted manure added, and fur Cherry trees add lime rubble. This may appear unnecessary to many, but fruit trees that have this extra labuur expended upon them at the time of planting always grow better and fruit sooner than those planted in the ordinary soil. Should the holes be wet, drains must be made in connection with the nearest drain to dry the ground. Let the mouth of the drain (which in the neighbourhood of tree roots is best made with rubble) project just inside the hole, then put in a good layer of brick rubbish or any suitable material that may be at hand, and on this place some whole turves, the grass side downwards. After the trees are planted they should be staked and tied loosely to the stake, to prevent wind waving. To prevent the cutting of the bark use haybands or strawbands for ties provisionally, the final fastening being done when the soil has settled. Pyramids and bushes may be planted 8 fpet apart, and kept summer pinched, and standards should stand 21 feet apart each way. For growing as cordons, upright or oblique, and planted 2 feet 6 inches apart, the following Pears are good varieties for the purpose: — Clapp's Favourite, Brockworth Park. Beurr6 GitTard, Duchesse d'Or- leans. Winter Nelis, Marie Louise, Marie Louise d'L'ccle, Beurr^ Hardy, General TotUleben, Mar^chal de la Ca;ur. Doyt-nnJ du Coniice, Beurr^ Superfiu, Chaumontfl, Olivier de Serres, Bergamot d'Esperen. There are a great many more varifties that would succeed as cordons, but the above will be found to bear fine fruit of first-rate flavour. A. Jl'ord, Stoi'9 Edith Ganhus, Ilcrcfurd. 48 THE GABDENEIiS' CHBONICLE [Januakt 14, 18?8. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper be guaran- teed for adrertisements occupying less space than an entire column. SUBSCRIBERS TO T'Hi: GARDENERS' CHRONICLE who e.rperience any difficulty in obtaining their Copies regularly, are particularly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint). W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d. r'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. II., Third Series, JULY to DEC. 1887. W. EICHAED.S. 41, Welliugtoii Street. Straml, W.C. 'TTffJ? GARDENERS' CHRONICLE -I IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, iueludiug Postage, is §1.30 for Twelve Months. Agent for America:— C. H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, U.S.A.. to «hom American Orders may be sent. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MEETING. Jan. 19 — Liuneau Society. MONDAY, Jan-. 10,' SALES. ,,. ( :20.0ijO Lilium auratum. Sec, from \ Japan, at Stevens' Rooms. ) Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border Plants, and Ilulhs, at Stevens' ""*"'-"■'-"'*• "- iSOOoTilium auratum, Roses, and Plants, at Protheroe &, ' Rooms. *l 8000 Liliu other I (, Morris' I THURSDAY, FETDAr, SATUEDAY, Jax. 19 ( Collection of Orchids in Flower and ^ "[ liud, at Stevens' Rooms. J 2„ I Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris' ' ( Rooms. ^Roses. Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border I Plants, and Bulbs, at Stevens' Jan. 21 < Rooms. [iscellanous Plants and Bulbs, at Protheroe S; Morris' Rooms. . < Ro. i Misc. ' Pri The Royal Amid dismal surroundings the Horticultural first meeting of the year was held Society. p„ Tuesday last. The conserva- tory was rendered gay with Primulas from Messrs. Cannell, Cyclamens from Messrs. H. 1'age & So.v. Mr. Tautz contributed some Cypripediuras, which attracted much attention ; Mr. F. Sa.vdeii showed an Angrreeum, while from Sir George MacLeay's garden Mr. Ross sent some spilies of the lovely Oxera pulchella, a white-flowered Clerodendron-like shrub, of first- rate quality as a decorative plant, and of which we hope to be able shortly to give an illustration. At the Fruit Committee Mr. Kivers showed how a Quickset hedge may be made to yield bushels of fine Medlars. Mr. RonEnTS,"of Charle- viUe, showed bunches of his White Gros Colmar Grape, which had good looks, but which did not find much favour from the experts. The Scientific Committee was very well attended, aud numerous interesting communications were made to it, of which we shall give a record in due season ; but, after all, the most noteworthy feature was the large attendance of zealous commiteemen, and this we look upon as the most hopeful of the signs of the times. A society which, even in its period of depres- sion, can secure such an attendance of men eminent in their several departments is in any- thing but a hopeless condition. The wonder is that, given such a splendid army — of which, as it is quite evident, the Society can command the willing service — no organising leader conies to the fro.nt to avail himself of such excellent material. VCe have heard it whispered that the Society is getting too botanical, but if that really be so whose fault is it ? Surely if one section of the community shows some signs of energy, is that not an additional reason why the others should do so too ? Apart from the ordinary business of the three committees the chief interest centred in the proceedings of the special meeting. This was summoned in order to confirm and render legal the proceedings at the preceding meeting, when, as it will be remembered, an outside committee was appointed, or perhaps we had better say re-appointed, to confer with the Council, and oiTer suggestions upon various matters, such as the necessity or other- wise of obtaining a new charter (the old one being by force of circumstances and eftluxion of time obsolete as to a large number of its enact- ments), the construction of new bye-laws, the appointment of new members of Council, and other matters. At the special meeting, presided over by Baron Schroder, Dr. Hogg read the minutes of the last meeting, which were duly confirmed and legalised. Mr. Baer and Mr. IIeebst took the opportunity of urging the necessity of establishing a new grade of Fellows, paying a lower rate of subscription, and who should be entitled, in their degree, to a share in the government of the Society. Representation should, in the opinion of the speakers, follow upon taxation — a sentiment in which we heartily concur. The outside committee, now duly legi- timatised, set to work immediately afterwards, but it would not be right to chronicle fully their procedures, which for the time are to be considered in the same light as " unread proofs," which have not been revised, and have not received the author's sanction as to publication. We shall not, however, violate any confidence when we say that the first step of the new Committee was to add to their numbers so as to secure the representation of various interests, such as those of practical gardeners, representatives of the .special societies, like the Rose and the Chry- santhemum, and local horticultural magnates. All these matters were formally taken into con- sideration, and we believe many gentlemen, selected on these principles, will be asked to join the committee. One difficulty at starting will be found in the circumstance that many of the most suitable men are not fellows of the Society, nor likely to be, so as long as there is no guinea or half-guinea subscription, and so long as the special societies drain away so much that should serve to enrich the old Society. The President, Sir Tre\'oe Lawrence, also asked for sugges- tions as to the nomination of new members of Council, and this business was proceeded with on the same lines as those regulating the formation of the Committee. It would not be proper to discuss these details in their present inchoate stage, but we do most earnestly beg the Council to pay heed to the earnest desire of practical horticulturists for fuller and more satisfactory representation on the Council. There is a feeling abroad that the botanical element is likely to be too prominent, and while recognising the exceed- ing value of this section, we nevertheless fully concur in the principle that the practical element, including the commercial section, and more especially the practical gardeners, should be even more fully represented in a horticultural society. At the annual meeting in February, the Fellows at large will have an opportunity of making their wishes on this point heard, and we heartily hope they will not neglect their opportunity, and not tacitly assent to any proposal either of Conmiittee or Council till they arc assured of its propriety. If they do remain silent and sequacious they must not hereafter complain that their interest* have been neglected. The question of site for the reorganised So- ciety has not yet been resolved ; it is more than time that it was. Meanwhile it must be remem- bered that Chiswick is still available, and if no more central site be forthcoming Chiswick would by no means be an undesirable spot, if only it were properly developed. This leads us to the question of otlicers. Captain Bax, who has been acting as Assistant-Secretary for some time past, has resigned. It is not necessary to enter into the reasons for this. Horticulturists will in any case have a grateful recollection of his unvarying courtesy — never too prominent a feature in the governing body of the Society — and of his willing- ness to oblige. Mr. Barron and Mr. Dick still retain office, and they have, and deserve to have, the fullest confidence and respect of the horti- culturists. Nevertheless, the necessity of a competent commander-in-chief, invested with full powers, and, as long as things go well ni - fettered by the Council, is more than evtr pressing. Like Sir Joseph Hooicee, we do not doubt that such a man might be found. The late Mr. Jenkins, who lived to win hearty recognition from the Royal Agricultural Society for the value of his services, was quite un- familiar with the duties of his oflice when le entered on his career, but he speedily made bin - self acquainted with them, both practical and scientific ; and those who scoffed at his appoint- ment are now among the first to admit tie exceeding value of his services. We must not expect to meet with such a man ready made — such a combination of talents as he possessed is always rare, but still there must be many a young man whose business capacity and scientific insight only need the opportunity for development. This is the sort of man the Society wants, this is the sort of man to be trusted, not thwarted, by the Council. The list of local societies which we publish in the present issue though necessarily incomplete and only professing to be a select list, is, never- theless, one to make the authorities of the Royal Horticultural Society ponder. Every one of those societies should be not only local, but they should be the provincial representatives of the one great National Society. The union between these local societies and the central one should be close and intimate. Each might be most useful to the other, and we hope to see in due time representatives of the more important of them, either on the Council — which would le the best plan — or, as that would be impra;- ticable while the present charter is in existence, at least on the general committee, supposing that body to have more than an ephemeral existence. But in very truth there is no funda- mental difference of opinion as to what the horti- culturists want, nor as to what the general future policy of the Society should be. Details may be the subjects of difference of opinion, but we take it there is no substantial difference whatever as to matters of principle. ^\'e own that we have not any great faith in the utility of the general committee just appointed, unless the Council heartily co-operates with it. If the Council will not do this, then there is nothing for it but a new charter. If, however, the Council will carry out their part of the bargain there seems to us no absolute necessity for a new charter at present, however desirable it may ultimately prove to be. Earnestness and work are what are demanded from the horticulturists at the present juncture. If they are not forthcoming no Council, were it composed of angels, could effect much good. 33 o z o January 14, 188?.] TEE GAEDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 49 Francois Lacharme. — We are requested to announce that the French Kose-growers have opened a subscription-list in order that a memorial-stone may be erected over the worthy and renowned Rose grower, Fbancois Lacharme, who died last November. Lacharjie's name and his productions are well known to all lovers of Roses, who are invited to show their appreciation of his eftbrts by forwarding subscriptions for the fund to one of the Treasurers — M. A. Bernaix, 63, Cours Lafayette, Villeurbanne, Lyon ; and M. P. Cochet, Grisy-Suisnes (Seine-et- Marne). The Secretarial duties are fulfilled by M. Nicholas at Lyons, and M. LKiEcjUE in Paris. The names of subscribers are to be published in the Journal dcs Soses and in the Li/nii Uortkolc. National Chrysanthemum Society. — A meeting of the General Committee took place at Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, on the 5th inst., Mr. E. Sanderson, the President, in the chair, there being a large attendance of members. It was resolved that the annual meeting of members should be held at Anderton's Hotel on Tuesday, January 31. The Secretary, Mr. W. Holmes, announced that Messrs. Webb & Sons, seed merchants, Wordsley, Stour- bridge ; Mr. C. FiDLER, seed and Potato merchant, Reading ; and Messrs. H. Devekill & Co., seedsmen, Banbury, had offered special prizes for competition at the Society's shows at the Royal Aquarium in September and November of the present year ; and the same were accepted. It was also stated that M. S. Delaux would give the sum of 200 francs as special prizes at the November exhibition. Mr. II. Cannell also ofi'ered valuable special prizes, con- ditional upon the balloting system being employed inawarding the prizes, as last year. It was generally admitted that the system broke down completely last year, and therefore a resolution was passed, almost unanimously, that the productions to be invited in competition for Mr.' Caxnell's special prizes should be judged in the ordinary way. Two Fellows and seventeen new members were elected, and the AVinchester Horticultural Society was ad- mitted into afliliation. The necessity for revising the Society's catalogue of Chrysanthemums was dis- cussed, it being stated that if it is to become as complete a list as possible of all the varieties that have been sent out from time to time, it would become not only a bulky but an expensive publica- tion. Some were in favour of this course, others for making the catalogue a compilation of the best exhibition varieties only. Eventually the mattei' was postponed for further discussion. Royal Horticultural Society, — At a general meeting of tiie Society, held on January 10, James Bateraan, Esq., F.R.S., in the chair, tlie follow- ing candidates were duly elected Fellows of the Society, viz. : — Alfred G. Beebe, Richard Bradshaw, R. Giles Bradshaw. Henry Bruwn, Alex. Cheal, Miss R. Debenham, William' S. Dent, T. G. H. Eley, Joseph Harris, H. llerbst, John 11. Tite, John Mackrell, lYank R. Parker, Charles II. Smith. Birmingham Gardeners' Association.— At the annual meeting of this Society (.January 3), in competition for special prizes ofi'ered by Jlr. Wood, a member of the committee, for a collection of British grasses, to be collected, mounted, and correctly named by the exhibitor, only one collection was staged, by Mr. Albert Jeffs, at present groom and gardener at Boldmere, Sutton Coldfield, near Birming- ham, At the commencement of 1887 he, as we arc told, knew nothing whatever about Britisii Grasses or otlier plants, but was induced by a friend, who lent him SowERiiv's British Granites and otiier works, to take up tlieir study, and on tliis occasion he staged eiglity-three varieties, nicely mounted and named, and won well tlie 1st prize, the gardeners and nurserymen present also marking their sense of his meritorious work by unanimously awarding him also a Certificate of Merit of the Gardeners' Association. This being the general meeting of the Association Mr. W. B. Latham was iigain unanimously elected as chairman of the committee. On December G Mr. Willi.\.m Spines, the manager of Hans Niejland & Co.'s nur- series, read a paper on " Narcissi and its "Varieties," giving their classification, illustrated by coloured plates. It was a most interesting paper, and led to a spirited discussion afterwards. "Cassell's Popular Gardening. '—A new issue of this work, edited by Mr. D. T. Fish, is in course of preparation, of which the first part will be published shortly. The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent In- stitution.— The following statement of the receipts and payments for the year ending December 31, 1887, is that presented at the meeting held on Friday, January 13 ; — Dr. £ s. d. £ To Balance, 1886 Annual subscriptions Donations at and in con- sequence of annual dinner 8613 15 u Jubilee collecting cards 677 12 2 1544 7 3 53 18 6 d. £ s. d. 380 3 10 1283 1.5 0 Advertisements Dividends on Stock ...633 0 0 Interest on deposits ... 42 10 3 £2881 0 8 Stock in £3 per cent. Consols, £21,100. Cr. By Pensions Special Jubilee grant & s. d. £ s. d. ... 2124 10 0 ... 635 0 0 2779 10 0 Secretary's salary anil honorarium 186 6 0 Printing 166 11 6 Kent of office 50 0 0 Stationery 17 14 8 Advertising 1 16 6 Expense of annual dinner... 77 6 0 Postage and travelling expenses 93 10 4 £3373 14 0 Balances, viz. : — With Treasurer at bankers ... £518 1110 WitU Secretary 15 8 11 564 0 9 £3936 14 9 i John Lee. Audited, January 9, 1888. .; Joseph F. Mesiox. ( J. WlLLAKD. Linnean Society of London.— The next meeting will be held on Thursday January 19, at 8 P.M., when papers will be read : — 1, " Influence of Light on Protoplasmic Movement" (part II.), by Mr. Spencer Moore ; 2, " Studies of the Machro- chires (Humming-birds and Allies)," by Dr. R. W. Schofeldt; and 3, "New British Plants, " by W. H. Befjiy. Awards at the Newcastle Exhibition.— The committee of the Royal Mining. Engineering, and Industrial Exhibition held in Newcastle last year have awarded to W. J. Watson, nurseryman and seedsman, Newcastle-on-Tyne, a Silver Medal for a bed of Conifers and hardy shrubs, and a Bronze Medal for a fernery and cabinet combined. Covent Garden Market.— At this time of year, more perhaps than at any other, choice flowers prevail. No observer looking round the market can fail to remark the preponderance of wliite flowers, which are naturally in great demand just now as sprays, button-holes, &c., for evening wear. There are Camellias, Eucharis amazonica, the paper-white Narcisse, Lily of the Valley, white Roman Hyacinths, Christmas Roses (Hellebores), a few late Chrysan- themums, forced white Lilacs, Azaleas, Arums, light-coloured Roses, red Pelargoniums. Carna- tions, Lapagerias, Bouvardias (red and white), Violets, and, of course, Orchids in season, such as Cypripediums. Dendrobiums, Livlias, Ca- lanthes, Odontoglossums, Zygopetalums, &c. With the foregoing variety there is plenty to select from, and much with which effective combinations may be made. Arums and Eucliaris, with Violets and Lily of the Valley, are greatly used for wreath-making. Of pot-plants. Cinerarias, Primulas, the various bul- bous jjlants, Euonymus, Aucuba, berried Solunums, Ericas in variety, and Poinsettias (whicli have been very fine lately), form the chief supplies. Fruit consists mainly of foreign produce, as Oranges, the Tan- gierine being a favourite ; Bananas, Nuts of all sorts, Pomeloes, Melons, and such-like ; Grapes of both English and foreign growth, and Apples and Pears, most of which are American. The sup- plies of American Apples have been moderate during the past week or two, and derived chiefly from Nova Scotia prices have naturally ranged high. The imported Apples, especially the better sorts sent from New York (as Newtown Pippins, &c.), have been of indifferent quality throughout the season, with a good deal of maggot present, destroying their keeping powers. Well kept English produce thus realised excellent prices this winter. Vegetables show nothing remarkable ; Rhubarb, Asparagus, Celeriac, andj salading. Salsify, Seakale, green vege- tables in variety ; also new Potatos, green Peas, French Beans, &c., wflich are rather expensive luxuries just now. Manchester Horticultural Improvement Society. — The fortnightly meeting took place on Tuesday, January 3, Mr. Tait in the chair. The President of the Society, Mr. Brfce Findlav, read a paper on the propagation of plants, which at a future time may be reproduced in part in our columns. North of Scotland Horticultural So- ciety.— The bi-monthly meeting of tlie members of this Association was held in the Music Hall Build- ings, Aberdeen, on Friday evening, the 6th inst., Mr. Peter Habper, Duthie Public Park, in the absence of the President, presiding. There was a good attendance. The first paper was by Mr. Og«, gardener, Morken, on "The Fuchsia." The next paper was by Mr. Simpson, Dalhouye Nurseries, Broughty Ferry, near Dundee, on " Shrubs and Shrubberies." NOVELTIES OF 1887. Ix our previous issue wo made some comments upon the novelties among Orchids that appeared in 1887 and now continue our remarks on other classes of plants : — Stove and Greenhouse Plants. — A\'e must conmience with that fine new Nepenthes Curtisii, for which Messrs. James Veitch & Son were awarded a First-class Certificate on September 13, and which was described and illustrated in the fianh'/irr.^' C'/ironicle, l)ec. 3, 1887. It is a grand acquisition ; its pitchers large in size, noble in form, and rich in markings. Opiismeiuis albi- dus, of the same firm, will make a neat dwarf plant for decorati\e purposes ; and their new double varieties of greenhouse Khododeudron (I!, bal- saininaifioruin) are likely to obtain a larger de- mand than the propagator can supply. In Amaryllis it is Vkitch also, their culture of these plants having outstripped all competition either at home or abroad. Xerine Manselli is a charm- ing ro.so-coloured winter flower, Boronia hetero- phylla ( Veitcu) a plant to grow in quantity, and ISouvardia President Cleveland the most brilliant of the late I!ou\'ardias. Ferns receive a few good additioiLs, chieliy home raised, that suc- cessful grower, Mr. II. li. May, receiving Certifi- cates for Pteris tremula ilaocida, with elegantly elongated piniue ; Pteris Mayii, and Adiantum Regiiuc, the latter with massive fronds, approach- ing .\. Farlevense ; Pteris claphamensis is a neat dwarf, and the .\splenium soandens of Messrs. James Veitch & Son, elegant and \ery dilTer- ent from any other species of the genus. Florists' Floweks. Among such as are to be obtained from seed the year has been inarlced by a grand strain of double or semi-double Primulas of all colours belonging to Si'tton & Sons, of Reading, no less than six of which were justly awarded First- class Certificates at the Uoyal Horticultural Society on January 11, 1887. The value of these plants for decorative purposes and for cut flowers 50 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [jANC.UiY 14, 1888. at this season cannot be ever-estimated, as they are much more durable than the singles. Slessrs. James Carter & Co., Mr. Canuell, and Mr. James ha\-e also during the year given evidence of their sucoe.ss with Primulas. The Cyclamens are kept up to their stamlard by Clark and Odell, the Cinerarias by Mr. James and others; and Carter's strain of Jlimulus, Carter's Jubilee, as Certificated at the Royal Horticultural Society on Jlay ■2Pi, is wonderfully beautiful and varied. Of new plants for the open garden, noteworthy are Delphinium ISritaunia, a charming rosette flower, of pure white and dark blue, and It. Charmant, both of Kelway & Son ; who also secured honours for some grand Gladiolus, Pa'onies, Gaillardias, and Tyrethrums. ( )f Japanese Iri.-i, Mr. William Gordon, of Twicken- ham, whose collection of these and Tree Pasonies is very fine, secured Certificates for two very large and handsome varieties, viz., I. Koempferi Eclipse and I. K. Exquisite ; and with these and Paeonies Jlessrs. A'eitch & Son and Mr. AVare have exhibited many new kiuds ; and Mr. AVare has done great service to the hardy plant lovers by bringing into notice many fine plants during the past year, which, although not new, being rare, were awarded First-class Certi- ficates. By six First-class Certificates for some grand things in the favourite and large family of Narcissus it will be seen that Mr. Barr still makes them a loving study, pleasant to trade in. The illustration in the Gardeners' Chronicle at p. 704, May 28, represents one of the noblest of them — Glory of Leyden. Chrysanthemum Macaulay, Certificated to Mr. William Holmes, of Frampton Park Nursery, Hackney, commences a new strain, with flowers prettily crested and curled ; and C. Lord Evers- ley is a grand white, not likely to fade off, with a rose tint. Enough has been said to prove thai the past year has not been a barren one ; let vis hope that the present one will be still more fruitful in good and new plants. FLOWERS IN SEASON. " Spring is ycosien."' — The outlot>k from our ^Yindo^vs in this foggy weather certainly lends no countenance to this statement, and were it not for other evidence we might be disposed to question it. That other evidence is furnished by a rare batch of varieties of Christmas Hose from Mr. Brockbank. as well as otliers from Mr. Hartland. and on which we shall make further comment later on, as the lack of sunshine at present forbids our making the compara- tive examination which our correspondents desire. Perhaps some readers will say that the Hellebores are late autumn flowers availing themselves of the bottled sunshine of the past summer. AVe shall not dispute the point in this case, nor in that of the singular and beautiful Hamaraelis arborea, with its leafless stems and purple and yellow flowers, which are so very striking at this season. This we received from Messrs. Veitch, and an illustration of it was given in our columns for 1881, vol. xv., p. 205. It is a hardy shrub, which we strongly recommend the lovers of beautiful flowering shrubs to plant in their shrubberies. The vernal character of Iris stylosa is more pro- nounced. This we received from Mr. Hartland, of Cork. This is a charming species, with a thick rootstock, from whicli are sent up tufts of long linear leaves and long flower-stalks, bearing large sweet-scented pale violet-coloured flowers ; the " falls " have a central orange blotch or " flame," from which radiate on each side slim purple streaks, tlie disc of tlie fall being of a deep violet. The petals or standards are paler in colour. The speci- mens before us difter slightly in their markings from that figured in the Bot. Mug., t. 5773 (May, 1869). The plant is a native of the Greek islands and of Algeria, but, nevertheless, flowers in the open at Cork in January. A series of flowers of seedling Hellebores from Mr. Heinemaiin, of Erfurt, are obviously very pretty, but neither iog nor gaslight oflVr adequate facilities for their inspection. We will examine them later on. dols. for the pair. These he moved from San Jose to his residence at Alenlo Park, where they grew well, and are still standing on the old Latham place. Facijic liural Press. American Notes. AGRICULTUKAL COLLEGE OF MICHIGAN. TiiR last issued Bulletin contains the annual report of the Professor of Horticulture, and includes detailed descriptive notices of Toniatos, Peppers (Capsicums), Onions, and Strawberries cultivated in the College grounds, together with a variety of mi.«- cellaneous information brought to light in the course of the experimental trials made under the super- intendence of Professor Bailey. The NATivii Flowebs of the United St.vtes. Professor Meehan's work on this subject, the pub- lication of wliich was suspended in consequence of the death of the publisher, is about to be resumed. Tlie coloured plates and explanatory text render this a very serviceable book to our cultivators of hardy plants. "Garden and Fouesi."' We understand that Professor S.irgent's journal, under this tith\ is to appear on February 1, and be continued weekly. When the Professor was here, in the course of the last summer, he made arrange- ments with some of our culturists to furnish him with news from the Old Country. Dr. a. Gray. We deeply regret to say that the last accounts received are of the most melancholy character. Dr. Gray, only just prior to his attack, had journeyed from Boston to Wasliington to take part in the election of Secretary to the Smithsonian Institute, and seemed to his friends upon whom he called in his usual health and spirits. TiiK Calii-obnia Fan Palm. Our indigenous Palm, one of the most striking native plants of the State, gave the botanists some trouble in classification. F'irst it was a Prichardia, then a Brahea, and finally it has found botanical rest as Washingtonia filifera. Its native area along the Colorado River was thrown open to the public by the building of the Southern Overland Route, and is now a comimratively iamiliar country. Long ago, however, seeds were brought from this region, and plants were established whicli have uow grown to grand size, while the facts of their introduction have become a matter of tradition. The twin Palms growing within the limits of Los Angeles city are perhaps the oldest and largest cultivated Fan Palms in the State. Tiiey are probably upwards of fifty years old. These Palms are a landmark for the tourist, and their photographs are in great request. They are now being encroached upon by the build- ings, and may fall before the progress of the day, but we trust they will be spared as long as possible. The California Palm was widely distributed over the State at quite an early day. It is on record that Louis Prevost, the pioneer San Jose horticulturist, brought seed from the southern desert to San Jose about thirty years ago, and succeeded in growing about fifty plants, These were carried to all the chief points in the northern half of the State. Either from this, or in gome cases perhaps from later propa- gations, came the large Fan Palms which are to be found at points in the Sacramento Valley as far up as Shasta county ; .also in Calistoga, in Sacramento, Stockton, and elsewhere. The ]jlant is a rapid and vigorous grower, and quite hardy. It also bears transplantation well. Some years ago the late Governor Latham bought two old Palms at San Jose. They were at the time about 25 feet high, and he is said to have paid 1000 Cultural Memoranda. KUCHARIS AMAZOXICA. This plant will now be sending up its flower- spikes. From the time of the appearance of the flower-spikes up to a few weeks after flowering the plants should have diluted liquid manure at a tem- perature of from 75° to 80° given them, when water is necessary. After this period water should be given only when the soil has become quite dry, maintaining this treatment till the plants again throw up their flower-stems, when tlie application of the tepid liquid manure should be resumed. The warm and somewhat dry atmosphere of a conserva- tory or reception-room will be more congenial to the requirements of the plants when in flower than that of a warm moist stove would be. ElCIL^RDIA (CaLL.v) -liTHIOPICA. This gross feeding plant pays well for liberal treat- ment, especially during their flowering period, from Christmas to Eastertide, during wliich interval, if the best results obtainable are desired, copious supplies of tepid liquid manure must be given at the roots almost daily. A minimum temperature of 50° should be aimed at, giving sufflcient air during favourable weather, to prevent the plants making a weakly growth or becoming infested with aphis ; but should this insect attack the plants— which it is almost sure to do — fumigate with tobacco-paper two evenings in succession, and ventilate the house more freely than usual the two following days. BoLBS, Hyacinths, Narcissus, &c. From the time the flower-spikes have attained a height of 2 or 3 inches until every pip or flower has opened liberal and frequent supplies of weak manure- water, at the same temperature as that of the house or a few degrees warmer, should be given, the soil being kept quite moist. The flower-spikes should have supi)ort. The Fuchsia. This is a useful and showy decorative plant, therefore a small plant or two of the most approved varieties should be put into a forcing-house to supply early cuttings, which they will do in a couple of weeks from the time of putting the plants in heat These, when they have made 2 inches of growth, should be inserted in 3-inch pots filled with light sandy mould, watered, and the pots plunged in saw- dust in a box sufficiently deep to admit of a square of glass being placed over it without coming in con- tact with the cuttings, placing the box over the front hot-water pipes in a forcing-house or some other suitable place: they will soon take root. They should then be potted ofi' singly into small GO's, using a compost consisting of three parts light loam and one of sifted horse-droppings and leaf-mould with a sprinkling of sand added, returning the plants to a position near the glass in the forcing-house and watered. If the plants be afterwards attended to in the way of watering and pinching, and shifting them into larger pots before the roots get matted, they will make useful furnishing plants by the end of summer. H. W. W. Fruits Under Glass. VINERIES. Vines on which the Grapes are thinned should receive a steady temperature of G5° at night; avoid too liberal sprinklings with water, especially during dull weather, but let sufficient be given to maintain a nice growing atmosphere. The border may require another watering, which should be applied at a temperature of 75°, and the water may just be coloured with guano. See that pot Vines have a sufficiency of water at the root, and light rich top-dressings where thinned, with occasional water- Jani'auy 14, 18€8 ] THE GAIiDENETlS' CHBONIGLE. 51 ings with weak liquid manure, whicli will be of great advantage. If the fruit be required at an early date a steady night temperature may be kept up of 70° during mild weather, especially if some covering can be put over the lights. iSacccs&ion Houses. — These should be started at a temperature of 4o° to 50 ', a moist atmosphere being maintained by sprinkling the walls, paths, and border. During clear weather the Vines may be syringed morning and afternoon until the buds are all nicely broken. If the canes show a tendency to break irregularly, let them be tied down in a hori- zontal position along the bottom of the rafters ; remove all the weaker shoots as soon as possible where several issue from the same spur. Prune succession-houses as soon as the Grapes are cut, so as to rest the Vines; cut to a plump bud, making a clean cut with a sharp knife, twelve hours after dressing the wounds with Thomson's Styptic. Unless the Vines are infested with bug do not strip otf more of the bark than is loose, or will become detached by passing the hand lightly round the stem. Scrub the stems and spurs with a spoke-brush, using warm water, a little soft-soap, and a small quantity of petroleum, which will clear them of red- spider. Well wash all the glass and woodwork, whitewash the walls with quicklime and flowers of sulphur, and, if practical, a coat of paint should bo given to the inside of the fruit-house every year. This allows of a fresh start, without much danger from insects. Thestemsofthe Vines may be painted over with soft- soap, sulphur, and tobacco-water, and be thickened with clay to the consistency of paint. If mealy-bug has effected a lodgment, the spurs and stem must be scraped, the wood washed several times with water strongly impregnated with petroleum, and be painted over with coal-tar and water (clear) equal parts thickened with clay : the mixture must be kept constantly stirred while it is being applied else serious injury may be done to the Vines. Kemove the top siil down to the roots of the Vines, and well dust with Vine manure.re-surtacing with fresh loam and charred soil. Should there be an absence of lime in the soil, a few lumps of lime may be slaked on the border and the fine powder scattered evenly over, and pricked into the surfacing. A sulHcient number of Vine eyes may now be put into small pots or on turves to strike, the latter being the preferable mode, as the roots do not get cramped. The stock of Grapes hanging on the Vines will require frequent looking over and all mouldy berries removed. Maintain a temperature of 40° to 45°, and be careful in admitting air in wet and foggy weather. Those which have been cut from the Vines and are kept in the Grape-room — which should be perfectly dark and kept at an unvarying temperature of 45° — will give little or no trouble, if the Grapes were well linisiied on the Vines. W. M. Baillie, Luton Hoo. The Kitchen Garden, Croppiso. — Arrangements for the principal cro))S during the ensuing season should now be completed, and the ground should be prepared in accordance with their reiiuirements. A rotation of crops should be, as far as possible, secured ; a plan of the garden, with the various plots numbered, is of great service in such matters, and a cropping book with columns ruled for dates of sowing, transplanting, maturity and dura- tion of crops, and space for remarks on the varieties, sliould also be kept. It is necessary to have the plot for Unions made ready in good time, by having the ground well worked and pulverised before the arrival of sowing time. A more liberal supply of manure is essential for this crop than for some others, and an open position should be afforded it. Koot crops should as a rule follow a crop of another character that has been heavily manured, such as Celery, the ground to be deejdy worked, but no manure given. A deep and well pulverised soil, tolerably free from large stones, is one of the chief points in root culture. A warm, sheltered position should be reserved for tlie earliest plot of Potatos, for which a good dressing of charred refuse, either with or without farmyard manure, will be beneflcial. General Work. — During mild weather all vacant ground should be dug over as soon as possible, laying it up roughly to be disintegrated by frost. Where any ground is intended to be trenched — and a portion of the garden wliould be done every year — it may be taken in hand during frosty weather if the manure has been previously spread over the surface ; but snowshould never be dug into the ground. Fresh plantations of Horse Radish may now be made, trenching the ground 2 feet deep. Make the holes with an iron bar, and push the sets to the bottom. Take advantage of any mild weather to examine out- door Mushroom beds, returning the covering again as quickly as possible. Continue to collect and pre- pare material for succession beds, keeping it secure from rain and snow. Replenish stores of Celery. Brussels Sprouts, Sec, during mild weather, and take the hearts out of Scotch Kale to throw the strength of the plants into the sprouts. A sufficient quantity of fermenting material should be prepared for forcing Potatos, Carrots, and Turnips, utilising brick pits with a flow and return hot-water pipes for the earliest crops, or a hole may be dug out deep enough to hold most of the fermenting material necessary, and a frame put on this about 2 feet above the ground level. A sutiicient number of Potato sets should be placed in shallow boxes with a little leaf-soil over them, and be put into a temperature of 50° to start into growth.' Veich's Improved Ashleaf, or the old Walnutleaf. are still good varieties for early forcing. All other sets of early Potatos should by this time be arranged thinly on shelves before growth gets far advanced. W. H. Vivers, Ketton HaU, Home Correspondence. 1^™ Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending early intelligencG of local events likely to he of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Photographs or di-awitigs of gardens, or of remarlcable plants, trees, tf-c, are also solicited. NEW VARIETIES OF POTATOS.— In reply to " North Norfolk,'" p. 23, in the last issue of Gardeners' Chronicle, I can very strongly recommend to him the following two kinds, after having given them a three years' trial, as being tirst-class in every way : — Wel- ford Park is a handsome white main crop variety, with largetubers.aheavy cropper, smooth skinned, and well-formed, with good quality and constitution, and so far it has been free from the disease. It boils of good colour. MissFowler is a flrst-class handsome late white kidney, of medium-si/.e tubers, a heavy cropper, also free from disease, robust in constitution, and cooking well. These two new Potatos were sent out by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea If " North Norfolk " will sen;l me his address I will send him a few of each kind for trial. ^V//i. Smythe, Thr Gar- dens, Basing Park, Alton, Hants. "North Norfolk"' (p.- 22), will doubtless have plenty of advisers, and possibly be bewildered by the multitude of counsels. It is very dilHcult to advise fairly in the matter of kinds of X*otatos for diverse soils and districts, because these pro- ducts are peculiarly sensitive to soil differences ; and that fact invariably handicaps ak' should command a little more in the market than the "little bottles of something sup- loosed to be lioucy " seen in our grocers" windows. Let us hope with Walter Chitty that a brighter future is in store for beekeepers. An Amateur Bee- keeper, RAINFALL AT WARWICK.— The following is the report of the rainfall for the past year. Last year was an exceptional one in character, and the rainfall less than usual. The diameter of the funnel of the rain-gauge is a inches, the height of the gauge above the ground level is 4 feet 2 inches, and above the sea level 240 feet. Mouth. Total Depth. Greatest Fall in 24 Hours. Number of days on which -0] or more fell. January Inches. ... ! 1-73 Depth. 0-50 Date. 8tli 8 February 0-.I8 0-28 2nd 3 Jlarch 1-06 0-25 23rd S April 1-19 0-67 27th .4 May 1-52 0-33 20th 13 Jime 1-90 09S 3rd 4 July ... ; 0-85 0-30 16th 5 August ... ' 1-89 050 17th 8 September ... 2'30 0-43 2nd 11 October 2-U 1-05 30th 7 November 1-68 0-40 6th 11 December ... ' 0-98 0-32 13th 7 Total ... ... 17-72 6-03 93 B. Greenfield, Priory Gardens, Warwick. FREESIAS. — Will any one who has had experience with these plants tell me the reason why mine have not grown. The following is the treatment given : — The bulbs were bought in 1886, and I grew them in a greenhouse with a south-eastern aspect, keeping them near to the glass. The compost consisted of loam and leaf-mould with a portion'of silver-sand, and they all grew and bloomed to perfection. When they had finished blooming I put them in a cool place, where they were dried ort'. When the tops were all dead I shook them out and put them into flower-pans, keeping them in a seed cupboard until the beginning of September, when I potted them in the same kind of soil as before and put them in the same place as they were in during the previous year. The bulbs are of good size and perfectly sound, but this year the greater portion of them have not grown. I cannot see why they have not developed. Those that did start are now showing the blossoms. B. H. L. THE BEST TWO GARDEN PEAS.—If all but two of our varieties of Pras were swept away, which should be maintained? I think the two best all-round varieties — good reliable croppers and general fa- vourites— ai-e Veitch's Perfection and Xe Plus Ultra. I am estimating their value as garden Peas, not for exhibition purposes. Both are of high quality and flavour, though Ne Plus Ultra would perhaps gain two or three points over Veitch's Perfection in this respect. There are plenty of exhibition Peas — varieties that can be richly grown, stopped and thinned, in order to have large and showy pods, with a fine bloom upon them ; but it is very doubtful if any of them will become standard varieties. If two-thirds of our so-called garden varieties of Peas were swept away, and never seen again, the loss would be a gain rather than a calamity. It will be said. Veitch's Perfection should give place to an earlier variety ; but by sowing early Veitch's Per- fection can be had much earlier than is generally supposed ; and of our first early varieties, who shall name one that will compare with Veitch's Perfection for table quality ? Daring. PLANTING TREES AND SHRUBS.— At the outset, and before a commencing with planting work, the first question to be asked is what should be planted ? — taking into consideration the soil, climate, and situation. Where this is done errors of judgment seldom occur. As regards the question what to plant, the best guide will be found by observation of the trees and shrubs of the surrounding district, and to select only those subjects which flourish. It may happen that there is a desire to plant something new, i.e., new in the sense of its not being known to grow in the locality — for the sake of variety ; and when this is the case it is advisable to use caution, and plant sparingly at first in diverse situations, and in a few years their adaptability or the reverse may be readily noted. When the soil only is unsuitable to the growth of any kind of tree it may be made of a suitable nature. In the laying out of new grounds all clumps and borders, together with larger areas coming under other designations, should, previous to planting, be well drained where necessary, and trenched over to a depth of not less than 18 inches, and if the ground is in anything like a poor condition a dressing of well decayed manure will be found very advantageous. J. Horsefield, Heyteshury. THE GOOSEBERRY CATERPILLAR AND RED- SPIDER. — 1 amdesirousof finding a substance that will kill red-spider and the caterpillars that infest Goose- beny bushes, without injury to the "plants. I grow hardy fruits extensively, and these were so badly infested with red-spider last season that I dread its reappearance this year. I dusted some of the trees with quicklime, which had no effect on the cater- pillars. Have any of your numerous correspondents tried superphosphate of lime or rag-dust as a remedy, or any other substance that will destroy spider and caterpillars? If so, the publication of its name would be a great boon to cultivators. As I grow acres of Gooseberries the syringing with soft-soap and tobacco-water is too slow a process to be done in a reasonable time, and when done is not eftectual. Williaiii Clarke, Fruit Groioer, Hcminyford [It was stated in the Gardeners' Chronicle, June 25, 1887, that Mr. Samuel Barlow, Stakehill House, Castleton, Manchester, contributed an interesting paper in the Agricultural Gazette on the " Use of Superphos]jhate of Lime to Destroy Fly on Turnips," which answered the intended purpose admirably; and it was furthtr stated that the application to slugs on other plants was equally effective. The superphosphate used was the ordinary 25 — 28 soluble. Ed.] PICEA A.JANENSIS. We have so frequently spoken of this very beau- tiful anil hardy flat-leaved Spruce that we should hardly be justiiied in alluding to it again, were it not for the opportunity now afforded of figuring a cone which was produced in Mr. Waterer's nursery at Woking, and which differs considerably in tlie shape of the bract and cone-scales from V. Alcock- iana. which name it bears in some gardens, though it differs materially from that species. (Fig. 10). The great features of P. ajanensis are its hardiness, its dense pyramidal habit, its flattish leaves silvery on the upper surface, as in Junipers, rich green on the lower, and its very beautiful orange-crimson male flowers. This is decidedly one of the very best hardy Coni- fers introduced into English gardens by the late Mr. J. G. Yeitch. and it is surprising tliat it is not more often met with. Illustrations of this species were given in our columns Januai-y 24, 1S80, and October 2, 1880. Societies. BOYAL HOBTICTTLTUBAL. TUESDAY, JANUARY 10. Floral Committee. Present: G. F. ^ViIson, Esq.. F.R.S.. in tlie chair; and Messrs. W. Wilks, H. Bennett, H. Herbst, W. Bates, G. Nicholson, \V. Goldring. U. Dean, J. Dominy, H. M. Pollett, C. Noble, H. Ballantyne, B. Wynne, 1. O'Brien, E. Ilill, and G. Duffield. The contribution from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. Chelsea, formed the interesting feature of the sliow on this occasion. Hybrid Khododeiidrons were represented by plants in flower, and also by cut trusses of bloom. Oue of these hybrids, named Prim- rose from its colour (the result of K. Teysnianni X R. (hyb.) Maiden's Blush), was very attractive, and re- ceived a Certificate. Eclataut, with rich red coloured flowers, is also effective, and the result of crossing Jancart 14, 1888.] THE GA1?DE NEBS' GHBONICLE. 53 jasrainiflorum with Curtisii is a briglit deep red. These hybrids are remarkably pretty, and it is to be r.-^gretted tliat they are not more free in flowering. There also came from the same source Cypripedium Galatea X, a hybrid of uncertain parentage, with a large flower somewhat resembling C. insigne. but much paler. The markings on the dorsal sepal ivere green heavily spotted with red-brown, the spotting extending all over the flower ; the ground colour of the lip was yellowish-brown ; the colour- ing of the lateral sepals was divided by the midrib of the sepal, the upper half being dark, the lower of a lighter hue. A hybrid Phalwnopsis (amabilis, Bl. X intermedia Portei), named F. L. Ames. The sepals and petals are white, while the lip is attrac- tively coloured, the lower portion of the middle lobe being rose on yellow, the upper portion rose on white. The lateral lobes are white suffused with rose and reticulated with the same colour ; at the base there are purple spots. The plant bore several blooms. A graceful Orchid (Angra^cum Sanderianum) came from Jlessrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans. The specimen bore two racemes, each bearing about twelve flowers of pure white, and about three-quarters to 1 inch in diam., the tail measuring about i inches in length. A finely flowered large piece of Cypripedium insigne was shown by Mr. J. Quarterman, gr. to A. S. Smith, Esq., Cobham. There were about fifty blooms on the specimen. Four charming Cypripediums were shown by F. G. Tautz, Esq., Studley House, Shepherd's Bush (gr., Mr. P. Cowley). They were C. pi unerum, with the dorsal sepal whitish, marked with very dark gi-een nerves ; lateral sepals similar, but with rose suffused, ■which colour becomes intense at the apex (see Gar- deners' Chronicle, January 8, 1887, p. 41). C. Mar- shallianum, a peculiar spotted form (illustrated April 16, 1887) creamy-rose ground colour spotted purple. C. concinnum and C. Tautzianum, which latter is a great acquisition. The entire flower is almost of one colour, viz., rich rosy-crimson. The dorsal sepal is almost triangular, with nei-ves which are very dark rosy-crimson. The parentage is C. barbatum x C. niveum. Messrs. H. Low & Co., Clapton, sent Angi'ivcum calligcrum, a species with yellowish-white flowers about 1 inch in diameter. Flowers of Livlia anceps Schroderie were sent by Baron Schroder, The Dell, Egham (gr., Mr. Ballan- tyne) ; it is a very taking form, and brilliantly coloured. The sepals are pale rose, petals darker, with deep purple tips ; deep rich crimson lip bear- ing a yellow crest, and internally marked with purple and yellow stripes. A. II. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Wallington, Surrey (gi"., Mr. Cummins), showed three Orchids — Liciia anceps Protheroianum, rather deep rose- coloured tliroughout, and the lip veined with yellow; Epidendrum polybulbon, a minute species with pseudobulbs threequarters of an inch in length ; sepals and petals one-third of an inch in length, golden-yellow^ at the apex, rich brown at the base ; the lip white and large — a very pretty little species ; also Odontoglossum Kossi Smeeanum, diflering from the type by not being spotted \vith brown. Mr. M. Simpkins, gr. to It. J. Measures, Es(|., Flodden Lodge, Camberwell, sent Cypripedium Sal- lieri (a fine specimen), C. apiculatum, C. regale, and C. Forsterianum — this is a dwarf form, with the margins of the sepals curled ; colour greenish- yellow, spotted brown. An excellent display of well-gi'own Primulas was that set up by Messrs. II. Cannell & Sons, Swanley ; most of the varieties have been observed at exhi- bitions and in private establishments, but as yet are by no means common — not even the Burghley seedlings, which deserve to be found everj-where. The following are the names of a few of the finest varieties observed: — White Perfection, Swanley Giant, a pale rose coloured flower of fine form ; Cannell's White, also excellent ; the flesh-coloured Princess of Wales, Eva Fish, a mauve-coloured flower edged with white, semi-double — is sure to be a favourite when known ; King of Purples, a brighter pink than Earl of Beaconsfield, but of similar form, and probably hailing from Burghley. Marchioness of Exeter was well sho\vn ; it is still one of the best of the white doubles. A Silver- gilt Banksian Medal w^as awarded. Mr. J. James Woodside, Farnham Royal, Slough, showed a box of Primula blooms of large size and good colours. A large show of Cyclamens was made by Messrs. Page & Son, Teddington : the plants were vigorous and well flowered, and the colours pure and bright ; some of the dark reds were very fine. The strain is evidently a good one. A Siiver-gilt Bank- sian Medal was awarded. Jlr. F. Ross, gr. to Sir G. MacLeay, K.C.M.G., Pen- dell Court, Bletchingly, Surrey, showed a flowering branch of Oxera pulchella, a woody climber, native of New Caledonia, and succeeding well in a warm greenhouse. This is evidently a free flowerer, bear- ing clusters of pale greenL^^h-white flowers producing a pleasing and light ert'ect. First-class Certificates. To Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, for Primula (double) Miss Eva Fish. To Messrs. F. Sander & Co., for Angra;cum San- deriannm. To F. G. Tautz, Esq., for Cypripedium Tautzi- anum. To Baron Schroder, for L.xlia anceps Schrodera-. To Messrs. James Veitcli & Sons, for Phalaeuopsis F. L. Ames. To Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, for Rhododendron Primrose. To Mr. F. Ross, Pendell Court, for Oxera pul- chella. Fig. 10.— PICEA AJAXKXSIS : CliNi:, BRACT, SiKD-SCALK ASD LKAF-.SKCTIOX, THE I.AITER MAGX1FIK1>. Fruit Committee. Present : Ur. R. Hogg, in the chair ; and Messrs- W. Marshall, C. Howe, C. Ross, A. H. Pearson, J. Wright, G. T. Jliles, G. W. Cummins, J. Cheal, J. Woodbridge, II. J. Veitch, J. Roberts, P. Crowlev, T. F. Rivers, J. Lee, R. D. BlacknJDre, P. Barr, H. Weir, and G. Norman. The duties of the committee were of the lightest character, the exhibits being very small in number. Mr. .J. Roberts, gr., Charleville, Tullamore, showed two specimen bunches of his white seedling from Gros Colmar, which were small and compact, the berries of a medium size, and the colour greenish- yellow. It ^vas figured in these pages, and our opinion of it has not been modified in the interval. Seedling Apples were shown by Messrs. J. R. Pear- son & Son, Chilwell, Notts; and by Mes.srs. Barron & Sons, Nurseries, Elvaston, in both cases showy fruits, but not of sufficient merit to be worthy of a certificate. A dish of the Royal Medlar was sent by Messrs. T. F. Rivers, Sawbridgworth : it is a small fruit of a sweet taste, and is said to he superior to the com- mon forms and to make an exci'llent preserve, A curled Kale from Messrs. Hurst & Sons, Hounds- ditch ; and some Tomatos from Mr. E. Newton, Hitchin, completed the exhibits in this division. FlKST-Ct.ASs Ckhtificatk. To Messrs. T. Rivers & Son, for Medlar Royal. THE NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM. Wedxesdav and TnriisDAV, January 11 and 12. — The midwinter meeting of this Society took place at the Aquarium on the above-mentioned dates, and was productive, for the time of year, of a display of the Chrysanthemum which would not have been thought possible a few years ago. There was nothing of very great merit, but the possibilities of Chry- santhemums in January were made apparent. The nursery trade was represented by several London and provincial firms, the best show — one of Primulas and Cyclamens — being made by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, who covered a gi-eat extent of tabling with well-gi'own and flowered plants. Novelties in this collection consisted of Primulas Picotee-edged, a pink and white variety, and Giant Red ; and in Cyclamens White Butterfly and Sutton's Queen of Dwarfs. The Cyclamens were in every way wonderful examples. Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, had a more numerous collection of Primulas than they had exhibited at South Kensington on Tuesday, and showed the same new varieties for Certificates. As a recognition of the superiority of this collection a Certificate was awarded, togetherwith a 1st prize. Messrs. H. Page & Son, Grove Nursery, Tedding- ton, showed a large bank of Cyclamen, dwarf and well grown. A Silver Jledal was awarded. Mr. R. Clarke, florist, Twickenham, showed Cyclamens, but the plants were sparsely bloomed. Mr. II. Williams & Son, Fortis Green, exhibited a collection of Primulas, and another of forced flowers and foliage plants, both good in their way. Mr. John Jlay, Gordon Nursery, St. Margarets, Twickenham, had a large number of Cyclamens — May Queen, a large white and purple flower; and Black Prince, an exceedingly dark variety, being the most novel. Chrysanthemums were shown in collections of cut blooms by Mr. G. Stevens, St. John's Nursery, Putney ; Mr. J. Lowe, nursery, Uxbridge ; Jlr. R. Owen, Floral Nursery, Maidenhead ; Jlr. J. Walker, nursery, Thame ; and Jlr. G. Brand, nursery, Winchmore Hill. In the amateur classes Mr. R. Jameson Hessle, Hull, was 1st for twenty-lour Chrysanthemum blooms. Mr. Kipling, gr., Knebworth." Herts, was 1st for twelve blooms. In e.ich of these classes there were si.x lots shown of varied merit. Jlr. Sullivan, gr., Downshire House, Roehampton, was the winner >vith twenty-four Japanese, and Jlr. Kipling was 1st with twelve Japanese. The small classes were better contested than the larger, and here Jlessrs. W. & G. Drover, Fareham, took the 1st prize for six Japanese, showing several fair blooms of their novelty — Jlr. W. Drover, a very fine and distinct variety, with large full flowers, somewhat incurved, and of a pale fleshy-pink colour. The best single variety of Chrysanthemum was that of Jlr. R. lirocklebank, shown by Jlr. J. Wink- work — a flower of medium size and fairly full. Some exceedingly well berried specimens of Sola- nums \yere shown by Jlr. 1'. Cornish, gi-. to J. Dominy, Esq., The Shrubbery, Enfield. Of subjects submitted to the committee for ex- amination First-class Certificates of Jlorit were awarded to Jlr. Jlay. St. JIargaret's, Twickenham, for Cyclamen persicum granditlorum Jlay (^ueen, a fine light variety of the persicum type, with large, stout, and well-formed flowers. To Jlessrs. W. & G. Drover, nurserymen, Fandiaiu, for Japanese Chrysanthemnni William Drover. To Mr. T. S. Ware. Hale Farm Nursery, Tottenham, for Governor of Guernsey, a pale golden-yellow variety, something in the way of I'eter the Great, good habit, and very fine : certificated as a late-flowering decorative Chry- santhemum. To Jlessrs. Henry Cannell & Sons, nurserymen, Swanley, for Primula sinensis Miss Cannell ; and fur double Primula sinensis Eva Fish. To Jlessrs, Sutton & .Sons, seed merchants, Reading, for Cyclamen Queen of Dwarfs, and also to AVhite Butterfly, two charming and distinct white varieties : to Primula sinensis fimbriata Giant Red, with large and finely formed reddish-purple flowers ; and to P. s. Picotee-edged. Scarlet Fern-leaved, the first scarlet flowered in the Fern-leaved foliaged, it is said, was Commended. A white-tlo\vered sport from Chrysanthemum Jlrs. C. Carey, named Christmas Beauty, sent by Jlr, W, R, Strong, Wellington College, was regarded as promising; and a yellow s])ort from Jleg Merrilies, from Mr, Kipling, the committee desired to see again. 54 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [Janhaby 14, 1K8. A LIST OF S(Jl[E OF THE PRINCIPAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES, Ac, IX THE UNITED KINGDOM; WtTJI XAMES AlVD addresses OF secretahies. Aberdare Horticultural — Sec, D. P. Davies, 17, Commercial Street, Aberdare. Acton Horticoltueal — Hon. Sec, W. T. Powell, 15, Mill Hill Road. Alkwick Hoeticoltcral and Botanical — Hon. Sees.. G. Simpson and .J.Ferj;ason, Alnwick. Ascot, SosNiNdaiLL and District Horticultural — Sec, Geo. Watkins, Hill House, Ascot. Atherstone Horticultural — Hon. Sec, Alfred Sale, Atherstone. Atlesburtt Floral and HonTicuLTURAL — • Sec, W. Elliott, Aylesbury. Alverstokjj and Gosport Chrysanthkmuji — Sec, J. Mitchell, Cemetery Lodge, Ann's Hill, Gosport. Bagshot and Windleshaji Rose — Sec, T. VV. Girdlestone, Sunningdale, Berks. Banbury Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sec, F. G. Day, Banbury. Banbury Horticultural — Sec, A. Westland, jun., Banbuiy. Banffshire Horticultural Association — Sec, Anthony A. W. Gordon, Banff. Basingstoke Horticultural — Hon. Sec, H. Loe, Wote Street, Basingstoke. Bath Floral Fete and Band Cosimittee — Sec, B. Pearson, 14. Milsom .Street, Bath. B.\th and "West of ENt;LAND and Southern Coun- ties Association — Steward, Hon. and Rev. J. T. Boscawen. Lamorran. Bedford and Bedfordshire — Hon. Sec, II. Tebbs, Stoneleigh, Bedford. Bedford Chrysanthemum — Sec, J. Sanders Clarke, 49, Linden Road, Bedford. Bedlington Horticultural — Sec, K, Hedpath. Bebmondsey ( " Pioneer," South) Amateur Floral — Hon. Sec, W. J. Lashbrooke, 47, Beatrice Road, Southwark Park Road, S.E. BiLSTON Horticultural — Hon. Sec, C. T. Morell, Swan Bank, Bilston. Birmingham and XIidl.vnd Counties Chrysanthe- mum— Sec, T. Hughes, Northwood Villas, Metchley Lane, Harborne, Birmingham. Birmingham Botanical and Horticultural — Sec, W. B. Latham, Botanical Gardens, Bir- mingham. Bishop's Waltham Horticultural — Sec, E. Molyneux, Swanmore Park, Bishop's Waltham. Blantyre Horticultural — Sec, James Jackson, Old Place, Blantyre. Blyth — Sec, R. Tait, Blyth. Borough of Tynemouth Horticultural — Sec, J. l'\ Spence, jun. Boston Floral and Horticultural — Hon. Sec, -T. G. KiUingworth, Boston. Bournemouth ant) District Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sec, J. A. I. Sola, Deepdale, Surrey Road, Bournemouth. Bradford Chrysanthe:mum — Hon. Sec, J. Collier, lU, Maiuham Road, Man- ningham. Bradford. Brentwood Horticultural — Hon. .Sec, G. P. Charter, Brentwood. B.tighton and Hove Chrysanthemum — Sec, M. Longhurst, 18, Church Road, Hove. Brighton and Sussex Flobicultural and Horti- cultural— Sec, E. Carpenter, 90, St. James' Street, Brighton. Bristol Chrysanthejium — Hon. Sec, Alfred Polkinghorne, 96, Egerton Road, Bishopstone, Bristol. Brockham Amateur Rose — Hon. Sec, Rev. A. Cheales, Brockham Vicarage, Reigate. Bromley (Kent) District Chrysanthemum- Sec, J. Shortland, Sunnyside, Bickley, Kent. Broughtv Ferry Horticultural — Sec, Thomas Buick, Camphill Cottage, Broughty Ferry. Bury St. Edmund's and West Suffolk Horticul- tural— Hon. Sec, P. Grieve, Bury St. Edmunds. Bute Horticultural, Rothesay — Sec, Robert Fyfe, Bute. Calne (Wilts) Horticultural — Sec, — Harris, Calne. Camiierwell and Peckham Amateur Floral — Sec, J. Hall, 18, Camden Grove North, Peck- ham, S.E. Canterbury and Kent Rose — Hon. Sec, Rev. H. B. Biron, Lympne Vicarage, Hythe, Kent. Canterbury Horticultural — Sec, \V. Fricker, Broad Street, Canterbury. Cardiff — J. G. Jones, Partridge Road, Roath, Cardiff. Carlisle .vnd Cumberland Horticultural — Sec, John Mounsey, 14, Warwick Street, Car- lisle. CAliN.VnON AND PiCOTEE UnION — Sec, E. S. Dodwell, Stanley Road, O.xford. Castlerock Horticultural — Sec, W. .lackson, Castlerock, Co. Tyrone. C.iterham Horticultural and Cottage Gar- deners'— Hon. Sec, G. II. Rose, School House, I'liper Caterham. Cheadle Horticultural — Hon. Sec, Edward D. Stone, The Depleach, Cheadle, near Manchester. Chelmsford Horticultural — Sec, P. Edwards, Meadow House, Victoria Road, Chelmsford. Cheltenham and County of Gloucester Horti- cultural— Sec., W. H. Bridgewater, 57, Regent Street, Cheltenh,^m. Chiswick Horticultural — President, Duke of Devonshire, K.G. ; Sec, J. Fromow, Sutton Court Nursery, Chiswick. Chorley Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sees., J. Sargent, Market Street, and W. Bromley. Cattle Market. Curistleton Rose — ■ Hon. Sees., S. Earlam, and T. Weaver, Chris- tleton, Chester. City of Cork Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sees., D. S. Stoker, jun., Thornbury, Rochestovvn, Cork ; W. B. Hartland, Temple Hill, Cork. Claycross Horticultural — Sec, J. StoUard, Claycross, near Chesterfield. Clonmell Chrysanthemum — H')n. Se;., J. Phelan, Spring G.irJens, Clonmell. CoRBKiDr;R Horticultural — Sec, Jos. Thompson. County of Gloucester and Cheltenh.am Royal Horticultural — Sec, W. H. Bridgewater, 57, Regent Street, Cheltenham. CouPAR Angus Horticultural — Sec, .lohn M. ]\Iuir, Coupar Angus. Cramlington Horticultural — Sec, R Joyce. Crediton Horticultural — Hon. Sec, Sidney Kelland. Crewe Horticultural — Sec, Walhice Lamb, Crewe. Croydon Horticultural — Hon. Sec, R. C. Boffey, Church Road, Croydon. Crystal Pal.ace — Horticultural Manager, W. G. Head, Crystal Palace, Sydenham, S.E. Darlaston Floral and Horticultural — Hon. Sees., Joseph Yates and G. Willey, Dar- laston. Dartford Chrysanthemum — Sec, Robert Crane, 12, East Hill, D.irtford. Dawlish Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sec, H. L. Friend, 3, Priory Terrace, Dawlish. Derby Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sec. F. Bancroft, Cobden Cottage, New Zealand, Derby. Devizes Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sec, Jlrs. G. Smith, DeviJes ; Manager, Mr. T. King, Devizes Castle. Devon and Exeter Bot.anical, Horticultural AND Natural History — Hon. Sec, G D. Caiin, l(i, Queen Street, Exeter. Diss Horticultural — Hon. Sec, Rev. F. Page Roberts, The Rectory, Scole, Norfolk. Dorset County Horticultural — Hon. Sec, T. S. Biggs, Dorchester. Dundee Horticultural — Sec, David P. Scott, National Bank of Scotland, Dundee. DoNKELD AND BiRNAM HORTICULTURAL — Sec, Mr. James Mcintosh, Dunkeld. Durham, Northumberland and Newcastle-ox- , Tyne Botanical and Horticultural — Sec, James Gillespie, A.C.A., Cross House Chambers, Westgate Road, Newcastle-on-Tync. Ealing, Acton and Hanwell Horticultural — Hon. Sec, R. Dean, Ranelagh Road, Ealing. Earley District Cottagers' — .Sec, — Turton, Maiden Erleigh, Reading. Eastbourne Horticultural — Hon, Sec, T. H. Larkin, 5, Cornfield Road, Eastbourne. East Gloucestershire Rose — Hon. Sees,, Rev. F. R. Burnside, Chipping Camp- den ; and Rev. J. W. Ciark, Moreton-in-Marsh. EccLES and Patricroft — Edinburgh Market Gardeners' Association — President, — Gourlay, Musselburgh, Edinburgh, Edinburgh Chrysanthemuji — Sec, R. Munro, 6, St. Andrew's Square, Edin- burgh. Edinburgh Botanic — Hon. Sec, Dr. Macfarlane, I, Wardie Avenue, Edinburgh, N.B. Elgin Town and County Horticultural Asso- CI.ITION — Sec, James McPherson. Elthaji Rose and Horticultural — Hon. Sec, F. T. Bloxham, Eltham Court, Eltham. Kent. EsHEE Horticultural — Sec, Wm. Crump, Saudown House Gardens, Esher. Falkirk Spring Show — Sec, Ilugli Johnston, 4, Wooer Street, Falkirk. Fareh.vm and South Hants Horticultural — .Sec, Harry Smith, Fareham. Farnham Rose and Horticultural — Hon. Sec, J. H. Knight, Thumblands, Farn- liam, Surrey. FAnNiNGH.\M Rose and Horticultural — Hon. Sees., W. and J. Hodsoll, Farningham, Kent. Faversham Chrys.\nthemum Association — Hon. Sec, C. Stidolph, Faversham. Fermoy Horticultural (Co. Cork) — Hon. Sec, Robert Briscoe, Esq., Fermoy. Ferndale Horticultural — Sec, John Richards, Church Street, Ferndale. Fhimley, York Town, Camberley, and Sandhurst Horticultural — Hon. Sec, Major C. W. Vulliamy, Royal Military College, Sandhurst. G.\teshead Horticultural — Sec, — Armstrong. 20, Wylain Street. Gl.AMORG.iNSHIRE HORTICULTURAL — Sec. A. B. Bassett, Church Street, Cardiff. Glasgow and West of Scotland Horticultural — Sec. Franc Gibb Dougall, 167, Canning Street, Glasgow. GovAN Horticultural — Sec, G. H. S. Buchanan, Water Street, Govan, Glasgow. Giuntham Horticultural Sec, O. Ye.atman, High Street, Grantham. Haddo House Horticultural — • Sec, James Allan, Methlick. Harpenden Horticultural — Hon. Sec, J. J. Willis, Harpenden. Hastings, St. Leonard's, and East Sussex Hor- ticultural— Hon. Sec. Stanley T. Weston, 3, Havelock Road, Hastings. Hatch Horticultural — Hon. Sec, — Vile, Hatch, Beauchamp. Hav.vnt Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sec, N. Fuller, The Gardens, Idsworth, Horndean, Hants. Jancauy U, 18g8.] THE GABDENEBS' GItEONIGLE. 55 Hawick HoRTicuLTrRAL — Sec, A. Bell, Sillerbithall, Hawick, N.B, IIayi.im: Island HoriTicrLTUBAL — Sec, J. Hepper, Westlield, Soath Hayling. IIavdon Bridge Horticultural — •Sec, J. H. Thompson. Henfield Chrysanthemum — Sec. yi. Kussell, Ciiurch Terrace, HentielJ. Hereford and West of I'^ngland Rose — Sec, H. Percy Biilmer, Credenhill Kectory Hereford. Highq.atEiFinchley, AND HoRNSEY Chrysanthemum — Sec. H. Barnaby, Ivy Cottage, South Wood, Lane Highgate, N. HlGHGATB H0RTICULTUr{.\L— Sec, W. JI. Biirck, 14, North Koad, Uigligate. HiTCHiN Chrysanthemdm — Hon. Sec, E. B. Lindell, Beartors, Hitchin. HiTCHiN Rose — Hon. Sees., Rev. E. F. Carey, St. Ippolyt's, Hitchin ; and Rev. F. H. Gall, Hope Cottage, Hitchin, Herts. HORTICCLTUR.AL CluR — President, John Lee, Es'i. ; Sec, Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain, Covent Garden Hotel, Southampton Street, Covent Garden, W.C. HuDDERSFIEI.D CHRYSANTHEMUSr — Hon. Sec, John Bell, Luck Lane Marsh, Hud- dersfield. Hull and Ivvst Riding Chrvsanthemusi — Hon. Sees., Robert CoUison and Edward Har- land.o. County Buildings, Hull. Inverness Horticultural — Sec, T. Findlay, Inverness. Ipswich and East of Exgl-And Hobticdltural — Hon. Sec, Rev. H. A. Berners, Harkstead Rectory, Ipswich Jedburgh Horticultural — Sec, Geo. McLean, 1, Abbey Place, Jedburgh, N.B. Kingston and Surbiton Chrtsaxthemuji — Hon. Sec, G. Woodgate, Warren House Garden.*. Kingston-on-Thames. KiRRiEMuiu Rose and Pansy Show — Sec, John Brown. Kelso Horticultural — Sec, A. Brotherston, Sheddon Park Road, Kelso, N.B. L.^.MDETH .AND SoUTHW.^HK AjLVTEUR CHRYSANTHE- MUM— Hon. Sec, T. F. Davison, 9, Union Square, S.E. Leeds G.^rdeners' Friendly — Hon. Sec, J. Sunley, Moortown, Leeds. Leeds Paxton — Hon. Sec, Geo. Heramings, Gr. to J. P. Bow- ring, Esq., Gledhow, Leeds. Leeds Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sec, — Featherstoii, Kirkstall, Leeds. L>u-:ds Horticultural — Sec, J. H. Clark, 1.5.1, Briggate, Leeds. Leek Rose — Sec, H. W. Nison, Wheatsheaf Nnrsery, Leek. Leicester and Midland Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sec,. J. Read, Retreat Villas, Aylestone Park, Leicester. Letterkenny Horticultural — Hon. Sec, W. H. Porter, Lewisham and District Floral — Hon. Sec, Henry Drake, 64, Limes Grove, Lewisham, S.E. Lichfield Horticultural — Sec, R. Cleaver, Lichfield. Lincoln Horticultural — Sec. C. W. Pennell, Gowls Bridge, Lincoln. LiNNEAN — President, W. Carruthers, F.R.S. ; Botanical Sec, B. D. .Jackson, Esq., Burlington House, Piccadilly. lilVERPOOL IIorTICULTUUAL ASSOCIATION — Sec, Edward Bridge, 3, Cedar Terrace, Tarbock Road, Huyton. Llandovery Horticultural — Sec, J. M. Sinnett, Llandovery. .Luton Horticcltuhal Association — Hon. Sec, -J. Gardner, 5, Regent Street, Luton. Maidenhead Horticultural — Hon. Sec, ()b.idiah King, Ray Park Cottage, Maidenhead. Maidstone Rose Club— Hon. Sec, Hubert Bensted, Rockstow, Maid- stone. Maidstone Gardeners* — Sec, Mr. T. Frost, Maidstone. M.iNcuEsTER Horticultural Improvement — President, Bruce Findlay, Botanical Gardens ; Secretary, W. B. Upjohn, "\Vorsley Hall Gardens, Manchester. Markinch Horticultu];al — Sec, Alexander Scott. Matlock Bath Floral and Horticultural — Hon. Sec, A. Clark, Post Office, Matlock, Bath. Midlothian Rose and Pansy — Sec, W. A. Thomson, Willow Bank, Penicuik. JIonmouth Horticultural — Sec, G. Tucker, The Shruljbery, Monmouth. MOSELEY AND KlNo's HeATH HORTICULTURAL National Auricula (Northern Section) — Hon. Sees., Kev. F. D. Horner, Lowfields, Bur- ton-in-Lonsdale ; and Wm. Bolton, Warrington. N.VTIONAL Auricula ant) PRniuLA (Southern Sec- tion)— Hon. Sec, .Tames Douglas, Great Gearies. llford, Essex. National Carnation and Picotee (Northern Division) — Hon. Sees., Rev. F. D. Horner ; and Wm. Bolton. National Carn.atiox a.nd Picotee (Southern Division) — Hon. Sec, James Douglas. National Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sec. William Holmes, Frampton Park Nursery, Hackney. Xational Co-operative Flower Show — Sec, W. Broomhall, I, Norfolk Street, Strand, London, W.C. National Dahlia (Crystal Palace). — Hon. Sec, Henry Glasscock, Rye Street, Bishops Stortford. National Rose — Hon. Sees., Rev. II. H. D'Ombrain, Westwell Vicarage, Ashford ; and Edward Jfawley, Rose- bank, Berkhamstead. Neath Horticultural — Sec, Walter Whittington, Post Office, Neath. Nether Edge Horticultural. New Brighton Rose — Hon. Sec. W. Bell, Sf. George's Mount, New- Brighton. Xewtownards Horticultural — Sec, Alexander Love. Newtownards. Norfolk and Norwich Horticultural — Hon. Sec, A. W. Preston, Bank Plain, Norwich. Northamptonshire Chkysantuemum — Hon. Sec, M. E. Draper, 2, Primrose Hill. Northampton. Noth.\mptonshire Horticultural — Sec, W. B. Troup, 41, Abingdon .Street, Northampton. North Lonsdale Rose — Hon. Sec, G. H. Mackeretli, Ulverstone, Lanes. North of Scotland Root, VEr;ET.vnLE, ant) Fruit Association — Sec, Wm. Maitland, Inverurie. Norton Pansy Club — Hon. Sec, C. E. Scarse, Woodfield Koad, King's Heath, Birmingham. Nottinghaji Horticultural and Botanical — Sec, E. Stewart, 2. Exchange Row, Not- tingham. Oxford Rose — Sec, W. Greenaway, Paradise Square, Oxford. Paisley Horticultural — Sec, Robert Macfee, 3, Moss Street, Cross, Pais- ley, N.B. Pembroke Chrysanthemum — Sec, — Treweeks, Pembroke. Pkushore Horticultural — Sec, — Millard. PoNTEFRACT, KNOTTINGLEy, AND AcKWORTH CHRY- SANTHEMUM— Sec, Thomas Glover, Fi iar Wood, Pontefract. PoRTsMoi'Tii Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sec. F. Power, 20, Queen Street, Portsea. Prf-ston and Fulwood Horticultural - Hon Sec, John Atherton, Fern Bank, Cadley. IvE.ADiNtJ Chrvsantue:\ium — Hon. Sec, Richard D. Catchpool, Reading. Reading Horticultural — Sec, Wm. Smith, 'J7, London Street, Reading. Reicvte Rose — Hon. Sec, F. G. Pawle, North Cote, Reigate. Richmond Horticultitral — Hon. Sec, J. H. Ford, 22, GeorgelStreet, Rich- mond Romford an-d Essex Horticultural— Hon. Sec, J. E. Pink, Romford. Rothbury Horticultural — Sec, J. W. Schoiield. Royal Botanic — President, H.S.H. the Duke of Teck, G.C.B. ; Sec, W. Sowerby, F.R.S., Botanic Societv, Regent's Park, London. Royal Botanical and Horticultural op Man- chester— President, The Earl of Derby; CuI■.^tor and Sec, Bruce Findlay. Royal Caledonian — President, Most Hon. tlie Marquis of Lothian ; Sec, J. Stewart, 4, Albion Place. Edinburgh. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Chrysanthemum^ Sec, John P. Cregoe, 7, Telidy Terrace, Fal- mouth. Royal Horticultural, South Kensington and Chiswick — President, Sir T. Lawrence, Bart., M.P. ; Sec, W. Lee, South Kensington. Royal Horticultural of Aberdeen — Sec, A. M. C. Byers, C.A., 74, Union Street. RoY.VL Horticultural of Jersey — Sec, Col. Howell, St. Saviours. Royal Horticultural of Perthshire — Sec, John Dawson, 16, Tay Street, Perth. RoY.VL Horticultural of Ireland — Sec, Ambrose Balfe, 28, Westland Row, Dublin. Royal Oxfordshire Horticultural — Hon. Sees., W. Wootten, and John Thomson, Oxford. UovAL .Scottish Ariioricultural — Sec, J. W. Moffat, 5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, N.B. RoY'AL .Southampton Horticultural — Sec. C. S. Fuidge, Southampton. Royal National Tulip; — Hon. Sec, .Tas. W. Bentley, Stake Hill, Castle- ton, near Manchester. SiNDT .AND District Floral and Horticultural — Hon. Sec, E. T. Leeds Smith. Salisbury Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sec, W. H. Williams, Salisbury. Scarborough Horticultural — Sec, T. H. Pexton, 13G, North Marine Road. Scottish Horticultural Association — Sec, Robertson Munro, Edinburgh. Scottish Horticultural Association — President, D. P. Laird ; Sec, Robertson Munro, .■>. St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh. S( ottish Primula and Pansy — Sec, W. Straton, Annfield, Broughtv Ferrv, N.B. ■ Sheffield Chrysanthemum — Sec. W. K. Woodcock, The Gardens, Oakbrook, Sheffield. Sheffield an-d Hallamshire Chrysanthemum — Sec, E. Austin, Broomville House Gardens, Glossop Road, Sheffield. Sheppertox and Thames Valley Horticultural — Hon. Sec, Edmund Rutter, Shepperton-on- Thames. Shirley, Millrrook and Freem.vntle Horticul- tural— Sec, H. J. Hobby, 1,52, Shirley Road, Free- mantle, Hants. Shotlev Horticultural — .Sec, Wm. Ramsay. Shropshire Horticultural — Sees., Messrs. Adnitt and Nannton, The Square, Shrewsbury. .Southend-on-Sea Chrysanthemum — Sec, J. Brown, Rerkie House, Hamlet. SOCTIIGATE AND DISTRICT ChRYS.ANTHEMUM — Hon. Sec, Mr. James, Chase Side. South ICssex, Levton, &c. — Sec, G. E. Cox. South of Scotland Rose and P.^nsy — Sec, Geo. Wood, 20, Slitrig Crescent, Hawick. St Ann's (Nottingham) Amateur Floral and HoKTICULTrRAL President. S. Thacker, Nottingham. Sr. Neot's Amateur and Cottage Horticultural — Sec, W. Ratchelous, St. Neots. St. Neot's Chrysanthemum Show — Hon. Sec, W. Ratchelous, St. Neots. 56 THE GAFDENERS' CHBONICLE. [jANTATiT 14, 18^8, StOKE-UPON-TrENT HoRTICULTCIiAL — Sec, F. W. Pepper, Stoke-upon-Trent. Stoke Newin'Gton and Highbcbv CHnrsANTHt:- MUM — Hon. Sec, W. Goldsmith, Grove lload, Stam- ford Hill, N. Strabane Horticultural — Hon. Sec, Wm. R. (_)rr, Strabane. Stratford, Forest Gate, and Ilford Horticul- tural— Hon. Sec, A. Ault, Queen's Koad, Ill'ord. Street Chrtsanthe:iium — Hon. Sec, A. U. Porter, Street, Somerset. Surrey Chrysanthemum — Sec, G. K. Johnson, 13, Antill Koad, Totten- ham. Sutton Amateur Rose — Hon. Sec, Ernest "Wilkins, Lyndhurst, Sutton, Surrey. Taunton Deane Horticultural and Floricul- TURAL — Hon. Sees., Howard Maynard and Alex. Ham- mett, 5, Hammet Street, Taunton. Tavistock Horticultural — Hon. Sec, — Munk. Taunton and District Gardexers' Association CHRYSANTHEJrUM ShOW— Hon. Sec, W. Hockin, Tauntfield Cottage, Southfield, Taunton. TopsHAJi Horticultural — Hon. Sec, John Osborne. Touquay Horticultural — Hon. Sec, J. R. Whitehead, Esq. Trowbridge Horticultural and Floral — Hon. Sec, James Huntley, The Galley, Trow- bridge. TuNBRiDGE Wells Horticultural — Hon. Sec, 1). C. Cornwell, Courier O^c^. TuNBRiDGE Wells Chrysanthemum- Hob. Sec, E. Charlton, Parade. Wallsend IIorticulturax — Sec, W. Smith. Walthaji Abbey avd District Horticultural — Hon. Sec., J. Parnell, Waltham Abbey. Warwick Horticultural — Hon. Sec, J. Lloyd Evans, Warwick. Watford Chrysanthemum — Sec, Chas. R. Humbert, Watford. Weald of Kent Chrysanthejium— - Sec, H. C. Miller, 3, Waterloo Terrace, Cran- brook. WELLINfiTON CiIRYSAXTHEMUM Hon. Sec, C. Tite, Shutes House, Wellington. WiviJ.ixii borough Horticultural — Hon. Sees., C. J. R. Woodston, and T. Pendred, West Kent Chrysanthemum — Hon. Sec, Samuel C. Wilson. Hatfield Villa. Bexley Heath. West of Scotland Rosariax^' — Hon. Sec, Janies Spalding, Helensburgh. X.B. Weston-super-Mare axd East Somerset Horti- cultural^ Sec, Frank T. Perrett, 2, Neva Road, Weston- super-Mare. WESTON-SUPER-^NfARE ChRTSAXTHEMT-.-\I — Hon. Sees., W. H. Vanes and S. Lewis, Weston- super-Mare WiLLENHALL HORTICULTURAL — Hon. Sees.. Geo. Baker, 33, Market Place, Wil- lenhall ; and Joseph Lowe, 74, Stafford St., Willenhall. Wilts Horticultural (Salisi)uryJ — Hon. Sec, W. H. Williams, The Nurseries. Salisbury. Wimbledon Horticultural Society — Hon. Sees., D. Walker and J. Lyne, Wim- bledon. Winchester Horticultural — Sec, C. Shenton, 74, High Street, Winchester. WiRKswoRTH Horticultural — Hon. Sec, Geo. Allen. WiRRAL Rose — Hon. Sec. Thos. W. Crowther, S, Tower Buildings North. Liverpool. Wokingham Chrysanthemum — Sec, J. T. Bedford, Jun., Peach Street, Woking- ham. Wood Green, Horticultural — Hon. Sec. Walter T. Dewdney, 3, Myddleton Terrace, Wood Green, N. Worcester City and Couxty Horticultural — Sec, J. White, Broad Street, Worcester. Wylam Horticultural — Sec, Thos. Mason. York Floral Fete and Gala — Sec, John Wilson, 13, New Street, York. York Society of Ancient Florists : — Sec, J. Lazenby, 8, Spurriergate, York. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. Gardeners" Orphan Fund — Hon. Sec, A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick. Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution — Sec, E. R. Cutler, 50, Parliament Street, Lon- don, S.W. United Horticultural Benefit and Provident — Sec, W. Collins, 5, Martinhoe Terrace, Martin- dale Road, Balham, S.W. THE AMARYLLIS. Perhaps I ought to notice the remarks on this plant at p. 818 of last year's volume by Mr. Culver- well. I recommended the use of 5-inch pots for weakly-constitutioned varieties. We have plenty of bulbs 5 inches in diameter. These we plant in 8-inch pots. What I was anxious to guard against was over-potting. Inexperienced cultivators are more apt to err on the side of over-potting than in the opposite direction. Mr. CuIverwfU raust not suppose that bulbs pro- ducing two spikes with four flowers on each are extra fine. Our largest bulbs of such noble varieties as Empress of India produce three spikes with five and six flowers on each. The largest number of flowers we have had open from one bulb at a time was seventeen, but this is unusual. Every year we can show some with fifteen flowers. I fancy only the more hardy varieties would thrive with the treatment recommended by Mr. Culverwell. The best varieties of the Amaryllis have been produced by hybridising A. Leopoldii and A. pardtna. The progeny of these are too tender to be placed out-of- doors, and to be moved into frames when frost comes. On the other hand, tliere are some species, of which A, vittata may be taken as the type, which have produced much more hardy varieties. Thi.s species is well figured in the Bufanival Magaziiit\ and the plant there figured is probably the type form. It is there stated that "it rarely puts forth oflTsets from the root, but readily produces seeds, by which it is propagated without difticulty. " From two to \\\Q flowers were stated to be produced on one scape. Tlie figure was taken in 1701. Dean Her- bert in l^i37 desciibes A. vittata as producing from four to nine flowers. The largest number would probably be tlie produce of two scapes. From 17 '.'1 until the death of Dean Herbert, about fifty years later, the Amaryllis was well known in this country. Amongst others of the early varieties A. Reginae held a leading place. This species was stated to have been grown in a Jlr. FairchikVs garden at Hoxton in 17-8. Miller, writing in tlie GanJcnevs' Biciioimn/, states that "this species, not being so hardy as some others, it must be placed in a wai'm stove, and if the pots are plunged into a hotbed of tanner's bark, the roots will thrive better, and the flowers will be strong." This species went under the name of the Jlexican Lily. There is an excellent plate of it by Sydenham Edwards in Bof. Mag., t. 453, Dean Herbert's work is well known, and those who would like to become acquainted with it will find a very complete record in the " Amaryl- lidacete," p. 142. It is there stated that the first cross was made between the two species I have named by a Mr. Johnson, in Lancashire, in 1810, and by Herbert himself at Mitcham, in 1811, and again at Highclere later. Herbert named it Regio-vittatum ; and this hybrid is even now in existence — at least. I grew it until quite recently under the name of Johnsoni. Mr. Johnson thought this was a cross between A. vittata and Sprekelia formosissima. A cross between these comparatively hardy species would produce a progeny that might be hardy in our climate ; but Herbert doubted whether a cross had ever been made with this Jacobean Lily and the Hippeastrums. He says no instance had ever come to his knowledge oi it bearing seeds in this country. As far as my own knowledge extends, I have never known it to cross with Hippeastrum, Herbert tried it with Hippeastrum and Zi^phyranthus, but failed. The Jacobean Lily produces pollen abundantly, and it is just possible that others may have been successful with it; in fact, it is distinctly stated that H. spath- aceum {But. Mag., t. 1*315) is a Sprekelia cross and the coloured plate would certainly lead one to believe that it was a cross from the Jacobean Lilv. H, spathaceum hyb. was flowered by Mr. Joseph Knight, of the Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, in 1822, who stated that they received the bulb from Mr. E. Bearpark, a gardener in Cheshire, who gave par- ticular attention to the culture of this class of plants. Mr. Bearpark's letter to Mr. Knight is worth quoting in part. He says, *'that in 1814 he impregnated Amaryllis vittata with the pollen of A, Reginai ; the seed produced was sown in 1815, and part of the progeny flowered in 1818. The early flowers were most of them stripped of their pollen, and impregnated with that of A. formosissima, and amongst the produce was one different from the rest, bearing its flowers erect, and blooming one at a time in succession. " This is evidently the plant figured, although it has two flowers open on the scape. It does seem to me that many of the hybrids raised in those days, and later on, were from the hardy Cape species ; but as garden plants they cannot for a moment be compared with the beautiful forms of the present day ; in fact, thirteen of Dean Herbert's crosses were either from H. vittatum or H. John- soni. Doubtless many of the beautiful varieties raised at that time have perished ; but many of them may yet remain ; and by a process of what may be termed natural selection the more tender varieties would disappear, while the hardier would remain to be the parents of those yet to be found in old gardens. We read of the Amaryllis growing freely out-of- doors in some districts ; and it is certainly very desirable that such hardy forms should be improved by seeding from other hardy varieties. The Jacobean and Belladonna Lilies, for instance, if they really can be crossed with the hardy types of the true Hippeastrum, would produce valuable plants for sheltered positions in our hardy flowergardens. Mr. Kelway has, I believe, been conducting experiments with the hardy forms of Hippeastrum, and can doubtless give valuable information. Mr. Frank Miles, writing to a contemporary quite recently, states that A. Ackermanni pulcherrima is gro^vn quite in the open at Calke Abbey, in Derbyshire, where there is a border 200 feet long of it, and in winter it is only covered with Bracken. This variety is so slow of increase, that I cannot conceive of any one having 200 plants of it, let alone a border out-of-doors 2(H) feet long. I cannot get any increase from a healthy bulb. I fancy there must be some mistake, and that the border is made up of the Jacobean Lily, which is of the same colour. Mr. Miles' statement can easily be verified if it is correct. Let it be proven that A. Ackermanni pulcherrima will grow in borders out-of-doors, many other sup- posed tender varieties might also grow with it. Mr, Miles also doubts if the Jacobean Lily has ever been crossed with Hippeastrum. Herbert also doubted it ; and I must say that, after a determined eflfort to cross it with Hippeastrum, I gave it up. There is yet a large field for the hybridiser in this interesting genus. Suppose Ackermanni pulcherrima to be quite hardy, with tlie protection of Bracken, we have a valuable parent, as it can be crossed with other species, though not very freely. The beautiful varieties Chelsoni, Brilliant, &c., were obtained in Messrs. Veitch's nursery at Chelsea by crossing it with A. pardina. The Amaryllis is now so universally cultivated in the best gardens, that it is not too much to suppose, some one may have raised very interest- ing hybrids ; and I am sure any information as to hardiness, or new crosses would be most welcome. Jaitoaht 14, 1888.] TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 57 I may add that our largest bulb measured, after the outer layers were cleared off and the bulbs potted, 17 inches, and the second size, 15 inches in girth. J. Douglas. THE Weather. Accumulated temperatureindicates the combined amount and duration of the eiceaa or defect of temperature above or below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day- degrees — a " Day-degree " signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.} Temperatube. Above or AOOTJMTJLATED. li ss DiBTBIOTS. below the ^, ojf-a Mean for .aj ^a *£ S the week ending !l Jan. 9. »a" :i" BZ ■ <& n* Principal Wheat-pro- Day- Day- Day- Day- ducing Di:>tricts. > deg. deg. deg. deg. 0. Scotland, N. ... 5 above 25 8 + 20 — 25 1. SCOTLAKD, E. ... 7 above 33 11 + 29— 30 2. England. N.E. ... 6 above 24 13 + 17- 16 3. England, E. ... 4 above 26 16 + 16— 14 4. Midland Cos. ... 5 above 28 14 + 16— 15 5. England, S. 4 above 23 10 + 10 — 8 Principal Grazing, &c.. Districts. 6. Scotland, W. ... 6 above 25 3 + 16- 24 7. England, N.W.... 4 above 24 6 + 13— 17 8. England, S.W. ... 3 above 27 4 + 7 — 6 9. IHELAND. N. 5 above 34 5 + 19— 14 10. Ireland, S. 5 above 36 2 + 13— 9 — CHAjfNEL Islands 3 above 36 0 + 9 — 5 Rainfall. Briqht Sunshine. Districts. h. ■3. s- a„- 0 -2 1^' hi fo§" Principal Wheat-pro- ducing Districts. 0. Scotland, N. ... 1. Scotland, E. ... 2. England, N.E.... 3. England, E. ... 4. Midland Cos. ... 5. England, S. Tenths of Inch. 0 (aver.) 2 less 5 less 4 less 5 less 4 less 6 3 2 3 3 3 Ins, 0.9 0.3 0.1 O.I O.I 0.2 7 15 19 39 31 11 7 15 19 29 21 14 Principal Grazing, &c., Districts. 6. Scotland, W. ... 7. England, N.W... . 8. England, S.W.... 9. Ireland, N. 10. Ireland, S. — Channel Islands 2 less 4' less 6 less 5 more 12 more 3 less 6 5 5 S 4 7 3.3 0.4 0.5 1.3 3.1 0.5 11 13 13 17 29 ? 11 13 12 17 29 ? THE PAST WEEK. The following Bummary record of the weather for the week ending Jan. 0, is furnished from the Meteorological OfiBce : — " The weather was in an unsettled and rainy con- dition during the earlier part of the period, but sub- sequently became tine and unusually warm for the time of year generally, although, in many parts of England thick local fogs were experienced. The rainfall which occurred over Ireland on the 3rd and 4th was very heavy. " The temperature has been above the mean in all districts, the excess ranging from 3° in 'England, S.W.,' and the ' Channel Islands,' to 5° in Ireland and some parts of England,'to 6" in ' Scotland, W.,' and 1° in ' Scotland, E. The absolute maxima,' which were recorded either on the 8th or 9th, were, in many places, abnormally high for the season. In Ireland and over eastern and central England the thermometer rose to 59°, and in ' England, N.E.' (at Durham) to 63°. In 'England, S.,' and the ' Channel Islands,' however (where the weather was misty or foggy), the highest reading was 53°. The lowest of the minima were registered as the period commenced, when the temperature fell to between 26° and 31° generally, and to 41° in the ' Channel Islands.' " The rainfall has been more than the mean in Ireland, and about equal to it in ' Scotland, N,' but in all other districts it has been less than the normal. At many of the English stations the fogs were suffi- cient to produce measurable amounts of water in the gauge. •' Bright sunshine hasbeen very little prevalent, the percentage of'the possible amount of duration rang- ing from 7 to 15 in Scotland, and from 12 to 29 in Ireland and England," MEAN TEMPEKATUSE OBSEBVED AT CHISWICK DITR- ING THE WEEK E>rDING JAN. 21. (AVERAGE OF FOETY-FOUE YEAES.) Jan. 15 ... ... 36°.7 Jan. 19 .. 37°.2 „ 16 ... . ... 36°.7 .. 2o: .. 3T.i ,. 17 ... „ 18 ... . ... 36°.8 ... 36''.9 „ 21 Mean for the week , .. 37°.5 .. 37'>.0 Enquiries. " Ha that quAitiontth inucfi shall Uam much." — BaOON. Would you kindly inform me — 1. What are the best twelve dessert late-keeping Apples to grow in New Zealand, to stand the voyage, and send to the London market? 2. The best twelve late cooking Apples for the same purpose as above ? 3. Three of the largest and best baking Fears? I have a friend who is going out to New Zealand, and intends to grow fruit. He would like to know the best sorts suitable for growing out there for the London mar- ket. J. N. Loivlcss. [We are not able to give the information. The following sorts are in the greatest demand in the London market : — Keswick Codling, Lord Suffield. Hawthornden, Dr. Harvey, Stones Pippin, Northern Greening. Alfriston, Peasgood's Nonsuch. Golden Noble, Gloria Mundi, Beauty of Kent, Wellington, Blenheim, Golden Russet, Du- chess of Gloucester, Nonsuch, King of the Pippins, Cox's Orange, Kibston, and Sturmer. Ed.] Notices to Correspondents. Intelligent Readers, do please Note that letters relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Publishee, and that all communications intended for publica- tion, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munications should be written on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in the week as pos- sible. Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editor to see. Brcomansia suaveolens : F. This plant was de- scribed by Loudon in Hortus Brilannicus, p. 60. It is there said to be an inmate of the bark, or moist stove. Correction. — In " Hardy Fruit Garden," last week, p. 15. I omitted to give ^ lb. of soft-soap as one of the ingredients of petroleum emulsion. A. Ward. Drying Flowers K. A. Z. Use a saturated solu- of sulphurous (not sulphuric) acid, which you may procure at the chemist's. El-EAonus eddlis : G. H. M. We do not know precisely what you mean, but all the species are hardy, not particular as to soil, and if you like you may eat the berries, but you will hardly care to repeat the process. •ToNipEBUs Sadika : Juniperus. Yes, decidedly, to both. Names of Froit ; J. N. Blenheim Orange.— Cferi Brothers ^- Co. Apple, Yorkshire Greening. — Elizabeth C. 1, Golden Noble ; 2, not recognised ; 3, Court Pendu-Plat ; 4, Sturmer ; 5, Golden Pearmain ; 6, Court of Wick. — E. H. Beurr^ Ranee. Names of Plants : H. W. D. Linum trigynam, otherwise Reinwardtia trigj'na. — Croker ^ Sons. Arbutus ; perhaps A. procera, or else a form of A. Andrachne. Leaves insufficient to enable us to determine more definitely. — S. A. B. Brassia verrucosa. — E. C. Vanda concolor. — X. Y. Z, Tecoma capensis. — J. L. H. Epidendrum ciliare. J. McP. Odontoglossum hebraicum ; the Coslogyne is the Chatsworth variety. — J. H. 1, Begonia (we do not name these) ; 2, Davallia canariense ; 3, Polystichum angulare ; 4, Aspidium glabellum ; f , Selaginella viticulosa; 6, Davallia buUata. — J.F.P. Clematis indivisa ; 1, Adiantum Pacotti ; 2, A. cuneatum var. ; 3, A. Sancta-Catherinse ; 4, Pteris cretica ; 5, Adiantum cuneatum var. ; 6, A. his- pidulum. New Zealand : E. Spooner. The article kindly sent was published in our columns September 10 last. The other will appear shortly. Vegetable Pal^ontolooy : A. B. The most com- plete book is that of Schimper, but it is costly. Unger's Genera Plant. Fossil., Vienna, 1850, is still useful, and so is Brongmart's Classification et Descript. des Veg. Fossiles, 1822. There are, of course, very numerous separate memoirs by Mr. Carruthers, Mr. Starkie Gardiner, Prof. William- son, and others. Application at the Geological Society would secure you full information. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Wm. Paul & Son, Paul's Nurseries, Waltham Cross — Seeds and Sundries. G. E. Elliott, Huddersfield — Seeds. Thos. Horsman, 102, Godwin Street, Bradford — Garden Seeds. Charles Shahpe & Co., Sleaford, Lincolnshire — Garden and Farm Seeds. ARTHrn Robinson, 8, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C. — Vegetable and Flower Seeds, &c. Little & Ballantyne, Carlisle — Vegetable, Flower and Farm Seeds. F. C. Heinemann, Erfurt — General Seed and Plant List. E. P. Dixon & Sons. Hull— Garden and Farm Seeds. Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt — Plant and Seed Lists. T. Laxton, Bedford — Seeds and Potatos. T. S, Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham — Flower Seeds, Gladioli, and Dahlias. Kent & Brydon, Darlington — Seed Guide. Alfred Legerton, 5, Aldgate, London, E. — Trade Seed List. Thomas Kennedy & Co., 106 and 108, High Street, Dumfries, N.B. — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. E. J. Jarman, Chard, Somersetshire — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Fisher, Son & Sibbay, 4, Market Street, Sheffield — Kitchen Garden and Flower Seeds. C0M.\IUMCATI0NS Reckivf.d.— Lucien Linden, Brussels. — W. B. H.— Pmrossor Meehan, Philadelphia.— E. C— E. B.— W. T. T. D.— W. E. G.— T. B.— M. J. S., ReadinK.— F. W. B. — W. Brot-kbank.— Colonel Jones (a letter will follow).— W. B. H.— Professor Balfour.— N. E. Br.— Sutton & Sons.- H. M.— F. C. H.— E. Spooner.— F. W. G.— J. C. C— Pteris. -J. Downie.— n. A B— J. J. W.— J. H. W.— B.-R. D.— J. H.— A. D.— W. Chitty. t5° Correspondents sending plaints or fruits to be najned, or asking ijttestions demanding time and research for their solution, mtut not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current weeh. Markets. COVENT GARDEN, January 12. Tr.\de has been very dull this week. Grapes espe- ciallv being affected, and, with heavy supplies reach- ing us, are quite &d. per lb. lower. Market well supplied with all classes of goods, both home-grown and foreign. Nova Scotian Apples in moderate supply, at full quotations. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, FBUIT.— AVERAOE WHOLESAIiE FBIOB. I. d. I. d. Apples, J-sieve ... I 5- 3 6 Onipea, per lb. ... 10-36 — ChAnnel Inl., lb. 10-16 Kent Cobs. 100lb....60 0- ... Lemons, per cue ..,U 0-31 0 t. d. I. d. Melons, each ... 0 6- 3 0 Pears, j-sieva ... 2 6- 6 0 PiDe-applea,Eng.,lb. I 0- a 0 — St. itlchael. eoch 3 0-60 53 THE GAJRDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [Jaotjaet 14, 1888. VEQETABLEfl.— AVERAGE RETAIL PRlCEa. S. d. S. d. Artichokes, p. doz.... 6 0- ... Beans, Kidney, lb, ... 0 9- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Bru9. Sprouts, lb. ... 0 4- ... Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 6- ... Celery, per bundle ...16-20 Cucumbers, each ... 1 0- 2 6 Endive, per dozen ... 2 0- ... Green Mint, bunch... 1 0- ... Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ... Leeks, per bunch ... 0 6- ... Lettuce, per dozen ... 1 6- 3. d. s. d. Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 4- ... Onions, per bushel ... 6 0- ... Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ... Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0 ,, kidney, percwt. 4 0-50 Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ... Seakale, punnet ... 1 6- 2 0 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Spinach, per bushel... 3 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 0- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 0- 2 0 Turnips, per bunch... 0 8- ... Mushrooms, punnet 10-16 POTATOS. — Regent?, 60s. to 80s.; Magnums, 555. to 70s. ; Hebrons, IUOj. ; Dunbar Magnums and Regents, 95s. to 100s. per ton. Plantb Ef Pots.— Average Wholesai^ Prices. s. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Azalea, per dozen ...24 Bouvardia, per dozen 9 Chrysanthemums, per dozen ... ...12 Cyclamen, per dozenl2 Cj'peru3, per dozen . 4 Draccena terminalia, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 9 Epiphyllum, doz. ...12 Ericas, various, doz. 9 Euonymus, in var., per dozen 6 Fem9, in var., doz. 4 d. s. d. 0-18 0 0-42 0 0-12 0 0-24 0 0-24 0 0-12 0 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-24 0 0-18 0 0-18 0 0-18 0 t.d. s.d. Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 0-24 0 Ficus elaatica. each .16-70 Foliage plants, vari ous. e^h 2 0-10 0 Hyacinths, doz. ... 8 0-10 0 Lily of Valley, 12 pts.lS 0-24 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 9 0-12 0 Myrtles, per dozen... 6 0-12 0 Palms, in var., each 2 6-31 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 3 0-60 Poinsettias, doz. ...12 0-18 0 Primulasinensis.doz. 4 0-60 Solanum. per dozen . 9 0-12 0 Tulips (pots of), doz. 8 0-90 Cut Flowers.- Abutilons, 12 bun ... Arum Lilies, 12 blms. Azaleas, 12 sprays ... Bouvardiaa, per bun.Ji Camellias. 12 blms... Carnations, 12 biros. Chrysanth., 12 bun.l — large, 12 blooms Cyclameng, 12 blms. Eucharis, per dozen Gardenias. 12 blooms Heliotropes, 12 spr. Hellebore, or Christ- mas Rose, 12 blms. Hyacin..Rom., 12 sp. Lily of Valley, 12 spr. Marguerites, 12 bun. Mignonette, 12 bun. Poinsetttia, 12 blms. Average Wholesale Prices, s.d.s. d. 3 0-60 Narcias., paper white, 5 0-80 Fr., lu bunches ... 'k 0 9- 1.0 — Various, 12 bun. 3 0 6-10 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 1 2 0-60 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 10-30 Primulas, double, 12 2 0-30 0 sprays 1 2 0-60 — single, 12 bun.... 4 0 6-10 Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 4 0-60 — coloured, dozen. 2 9 0-15 0 — red, perdozen ... 0 6-10 — Safrano, dozen... Tuberoses, i2 blms.... 0 6-20 Tulips. 12 blooms ... 0 6-10 Violets, 12 bunches... 0 9-16 — French, bunch... 3 0-60 — Fr. Parme, bun. 3 0-60 White Lilac, French, 4 0-60 per bunch d.s. d. 9 0 6 0 1 6 1 0 1 6 6 0 4 0 4 0 3 0 3 0 1 6 1 0 1 6 3 6 7 0 SEEDS. London: January 11. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., write that the heavy and protracted fogs have of late greatly hindered business in seeds. The general outlook of the trade is very promising ; stocks all round being moderate and prices, as a rule, standing at a safe low level. For German red Clover seed, 1.'. to 2s. per cwt. more money is asked. All other varieties keep exceedingly steady. In Haricots the recent advance is well maintained. There is no change in blue Peas. Canary and Hemp seed move off slowly on former terms. Linseed has become qniet. FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. Stratford : January 11. — Trade and supply have been good. Quotations: — Cabbages, 55. to 65. Qd. per tally ; Savoys, 9s. to lOs. do. ; Greens, 25. to 25. 6^. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 25. 6d. to 35. 6c^. do. ; do., 27*. to 30s. per ton ; Carrots, household, 355. to 405. 'do. ; Parsnips, 6d. to Is. per score ; Mangels, 20s. to 235. per ton ; Swedes, 205. to 235. do.; Onions, English, 7s. to 85. per cwt; do., Dutch, 4s. to 75. 3d. per bag; do., German, 3s. 6d. to 2s. per bushel; Apples, English, 3s. 6f7. to 10s. do. ; do., Baldwins, 18s. to 24s. per barrel. POTATOS. BoHOUGH AND SpiTALFiELDS : January 10.— Trade slow, prices firmer, on light supplies. Regents, 80s. to 105s.; Magnum Bonums, 50s. to 110s.; Hebrons, 80s. to llOs. ; Champions, 40s. to 60s. per ton. Columbia (East London) : Jamiary 11. — Quota- tions : — Magnums, 50s. to 70s. ; Regents, 55s. to 90s. ; Victorias, 60s. to 60s., Beauty of Hebron, 80s. to llOs. per ton. Stratford ; Jammry 11. — Quotations : — Scotch Regents, 755. to 80s.; English Magnums, best, 60». to 65fl. ; fenland, 60s. to 55s. per ton. Imports. — The imports into London last week con- sisted of 22 bags from Hamburg and 273 from Ghent. Write for Dr. Voelcker's Report. Pamphlet, Testi- monial, nnd Inttructions how to apply JENSEN'S Every grain fertilizes because the Guano is perfectly pure. It i'» most economical, one part of Manure to 100 parts of soM being ample for garden use. FISHfOTASH FISH-POTASH contarae Ammonia, Phosphates and Potash in large proporfcions, ■which are the principal elements of fertilization, GUANO. GUANO — 2-lt). Tins, lii. ; In Bags, 7 lbs., 2a. ; 14 lbs., is, ; 28 lbs., 6s. 6d. ; 66 lbs., 10s. 6(1. ; 1 cwt., 16s. ; 2 cwt., 30s. Special terms for larger quantltl«s. Analysis guaranteed. J. JENSEN & CO. LIMITED. 109, Fenchurch Street, London, E.G. pHRYSANTHEMUMS. — Nothing but best V^ varieties grown. Well-rooted Cuttings in any quantity. My Selection. '2s. tyd. per dozen; purchaser's Selection, 3s.; Cuttings, half-price. JOHN OLDFIELD. Chirk. Kuabon. SPECIMEN CONIFERS, TREES for Avenues, EVERGRF.EN.S and FOREST TREES in great variety. CATALOGUES Free on application. RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. T N D I A N LILIES. JL L. neilgherrense, L. polyphyllum, L. Wallichianum, In excellent order, fine flowering bulbs in any quantities to suit purchasers. The usual allowance to the Trade. Prices on applicatioa. Apply to B. WAKELIN, Alford. Lincolnshire. White Lilac. WHITE ENGLISH LILAC, Forced and Sold by KDROST, Kew Nursery, Richmond, S.W., • and 30. Covent Garden Flower Market, W.C. Any quantity to bo had at a minute's notice. Telegraphic Address— "DROST, RICHMOND. SURREY." ARGE SHRUBS and CONIFER/E.— American Arbor-vitfe, 2 to 2^ feet, 16s. per 100 ; ditto, 3 to 3J feet, 20.'!. per 100. Aucuba japonica, 1| to 2 feet, 30s. per 100. Berbehs aquifolia, 1 to Ij foot, 50s. per 1000. Box Trees, 2 feet, 20.t. per 100. Grisiinia litoralis, 1^ foot, 30s. per 100. Laurel, Common, 2 to 2J feet, 10s. per 100. Laurel, Portugal, IJ to 2 feet, 20.'!. per 100. Laurel, Colchic, 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 100 ; ditto, 3 to 4 feet. 20s. per 100. Laurel, caucasiuum, 2 to 3 feet, extra, 20s. per 100. Rhododendron ponticum, 1 foot bush V. 20s. per 100; ditto. Ij to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; ditto 2 to 2^ feet, 40s. per 100 ; ditto. 3 to 3^ feet. 70s. per 100. White and other colours, strong and bushy, 70s. per 100. English Yews, 2 feet, 26s. per 100. Abiea Dou- glasii, 3 to 4 feet, 3.5s. per 100; ditto, 4 to 5 feet. 45s. per 100, Araucaria imbricata, IJ to 2 feet, 24s. per dozen ; ditto, 2 to 2i feet, 36s. per dozen ; ditto, 3 to 3y feet, 50s. per dozen. Cupressus macrocarpa, 2 to 3 feet, 50s. per 100. Cupreswus Lawsoni, 2 to 3 feet. 20s. per 100. Cupressus erecta viridis. 2 feet, 30s. per 100. Pinus Nordmanni, 2 feet, 35.';. per 100 ; ditto, 3 to 3^ fe«t, 18s. per dozen. Retinospora plumosa, 1^ foot. 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2J feet, 30s. per 100. Retino- spora plumosa aurea, 1 to IJ foot, 50s. per 100. Retinospora squarrosa, 12 to 18 inches, 20j. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2^ feet, 50s. per 100. Thuia Lobbii, 2 to S^ feet, 20s. per 100 ; ditto, 4 to 5 feet, 12s. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis, 2 to 2^ feet, 50s. per 100. Thuia dolabrata. 1^ to 2 feet, 18s. per dozen ; ditto. 2 to 3 feet, 30s. perdozen. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer. WO ARECA LUTESCENS, in 10-in. pots, 8 and 9 leaves each. 4 ft. 6 in. and 5 ft. high, 15s. each ; one Allamauda Hendersoni, in 12-in. pot. trained balloon shape, 1.5s,; one Lomaria gibba, i« 11-in. pot, 10s. Qd. ; one Hoya carnosa, in 10-in. pot, trained balloon. 10s. 6d. : two Araucaria excelsa, 10-in. pots, 3 ft. 6 in. high, beautiful plants. £1 Is. each. Room wanted. J. S. HEWARD, Arundel Nursery. Littlehampton HENDER'S PETUNIAS AND BALSAMS ARE THE BEST. Single PETUNIAS. Is. and is. per packet; Fringed, 2s.; Double Fringed. 2s. and 3s. 6rf. DoubleBALSAMS, ls.and2s.6rf. Descriptive CATALOGUE of Choice Vegetable and Flower Seeds Post-free. Prices moderate. HENTJER ANT> SONS, Seedsmen. Plymouth. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR "WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and OU Mixture, Free to all Stations. Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside Work. Conserratories. Sec, Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free. LA BELLE BAUVAGE TAKD, LUDQATB HILL. EO. BACFBLOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— 2?i><:»u«« far Cash. WANTED, Head Gardeners, former Cnstomers of my late Firm, who have not received my New SEED CATALOGUE, and are willing to eontinue their Orders to me, to send Name and Address. JOHN R. BOX (for ten years J. Laing's Sole Partner), now Sole Proprietor of Seed Stores, Croydon. (Established 50 years.) DIANTUM CUNEATUM.— Strong plants in thumb-pots, quite fit for repotting into 48's, 16s. per 100. Cash with order. ■WILLIAM MITCHELL, Nurseries, Enfield Highway. PALM SEEDS.— Write for Special Offer to the Trade, and .samples, to H. DAMMANN, Jun., Breslau, Germany. Fresh to hand now are Areca, Kentia, Phcsnix, Kavenala, Sabal. &c. ; also Araucaria imbricata. /'CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Descriptive CATA- \J LOGUE of 1000 new and old varieties con.sidered worth cultivation, with Cultural Directions, by E. Molyneux, written specially for this Catalogue. Post-free four stamps. ROBERT OWEN, Floral Nursery. Maidenhead. A N CHOICE GERM FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. ROEMER. Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany 100 Herbaceous and Alpine Plants for 25s. "OICHARD iSMlTH and CU.'S selection as -LV above contains a most interesting and valuable assort- ment of beautiful and Hardy Plants for the Border or Rook- work, which produce flowers and render the garden attractire all through the year. New LIST of sixty-four pages Free. RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants. Worcester, Trade Price Current Seeds, 1888. PETER LAAVSUN and SON (Limited), Edinburgh, have now Posted their Annual CATA- LOGUE of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS to their Customers, but should there be auy not delivered Copies will be sent upon application. The ANNUAL CATALOGUE of AGRICULTURAL SEEDS will be published later on, meanwhile special offers will be made upon application. SEAKALE for FORCING, superior selected Crowns, 80s. per 1000; under 500, 95. per 100. Orders to be accompanied by cheque or Post-office Order. ALFRED ATWOOD, Grower. 61, Shillington Street, Bat- tersea, S.W. QTKUNG FOREST TREES. O ALDER, 11 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, and 4 to 6 feet. ASH, 1 j to 2, 2 to 3, and 3 to 4 feet. BIRCH. IJ to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4. and 4 to 5 feet. ELM, Wych, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, and 4 to 5 feet. LARCH, 2 to 3. 3 to 4, and 4 to 5 feet. OAKS. IJ to 2, 2 to 3, and 3 to 4 feet. FIR, Scotch, IJ to 2, 2 to 2}. and 2i to 3 feet. riB, Spruce, 1 J to 2, 2 to 2^. 2J to 3. 3 to4, and 4 to 6 ft. All these are stout, good plants, and properly rooted. The prices quoted will be very reasonable in order to clear. Apply to JOHN HILL, Spot Acre Nurseries, near Stone, StafiEordshire. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly made. Truck-load (2 tons). 20s. ; in bags— 20, 14s. : 40. 25s. Free on to Rail. Cash with order. J. STE\'ENS AND CO., Cocoa-Nut Fibre Merchants, Grey- hound Yard, and 153, High Street, Battersea, S.W. ARDEN MATS, LOAM, &o.— New Arch- angel MATS (large size), 10s. per bundle of ten mats; Large Heavy Russian, 7s. &d. perdozen. Yellow FibrouaLOAM, Silver SAND (coarse and fine). Brown Fibrous PEAT, at lowest prices, by the ton or truck. RAFFIA, 7s. 6rf. and 9s. per dozen pounds.— BRINK WORTH axb SONS. Reading. A Sterling Novelty for 1888. "FERTILIZING MOSS." iKtelligent Plant Growers will/ind this medium for Pla?it Culture to be eminently useful. It suits both Soft and Hard-wooded Plants, Ferns, ORCHIDS, and S\icculents. (Of a totally different character to the " Dumesnil" Fertili:ed Moss.J This is the quality so successfully used by Mr. Roberts at Gunnersbury for Bouvardias and Gloxinias ; see Gardeners' Chro?iicle, December 31 and November J2, 1887. Send for full particulars, testimonials, and prices to the Sole Maniifacturers, W. "WOOD & SON, Wood Green, LONDON, N. Established 1850. LINDLEY'S MEDICAL and (ECONOMI- CAL BOTANY. With numerous Dlustrations. 8vo, loth. Price 55. LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTI\^ BOTANY. For Self-lDstrurtion and the Uw of Schools. Price Is. sewed. London : BRADBtTRY, AG-NEW and CO., 9, Boureris- Strwt, E.C. jANTrABT 14, 1888.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 59 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE (Established 1841) CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPABTMENTS OF GARDENING, NOTICES OF ALL HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of CURRENT INTEREST, REPOETS of EXHIBITIONS, EEVIEWS of BOOKS, and HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. Original lUustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., W. J. WELCH, and Others. Among the Contributors to recent Volumes the following, out of many hundreds, may be named : — ALPINE PLANTS :- BACKHOUSE, J. BALL, J., r.K.S. CHUKCHILL, G. C, Clifton, Bristol. COKREVON, H., Geneva. DEWAE, D.. Kew. DOD, Rev. C. W. JEKKINS, E.. Potter. AMATEUR GARDENING:— BADGER, E. W. BOYLE. Hon. Mrs. E. V. B. " S. BRIGLD." BRIGHT, the late H. A. ("Notes from a Lancashire Garden"). CLARKE. Col. Trevor. EWBANK, Rev. H.,Ryde. LOWNE. B. T. OWEN. Mi^, KnockmuUen. PHJLBRICK. Q.C. THOMSON. W. WEIR, HARRISON. ARBORETUM ■■— BARRON. W., Borrowash. LAVALLEE, Alphonse, the late. NICHOLSON, G., Curator, Royal Gar- dens, Kew. SARGENT. Prof., Boston, U.S.A. WEBSTER. A. D. TtOUSG, Maurice. BEE-KEEPING :- CHTTTY, W. EOBDJSON, J. F. CHEMISTRY :- CHURCH, Prof., Kew. DEHERAIN, Prof., Paris. DYER, Bernard. GILBERT, Prof., Rothamsted. LAWES. Sir J.. Rothamsted. WARINGTON. R., Rothamsted. WILLIS, J. J. DISEASES OF PLANTS :- ARTHUR. Prof.. New York. BASTIAN, Dr. Charlton, F.R.S, EEUERINCK, Prof., Wagenincen. BERKELEY, Rev. M. J., F.R.S. COBBOLD. T. S.. F.R.S., the late. COOKE, Dr. M. C. MURRAY. G., British Museum. PAGET, Sir James. F.R.S. PHILrPPS, W. PLOWRIGHT. C. B., (Fungi). SMITH. W. G. SORAUER. Prof., Prosltau. WAKD, Prof. Marshall, School of Forestry. FERNS :- BAKER. J. G., Royal Gardens. Kew. DRUERY. C. HEMSLEY, A. MOORE, T., Botanic Gardens, Chelsea. FLORISTS' FLOWERS :- DEAN. R.. Ealing. DODWELL, E. S., Oiford. D'OMBKAIN, Rev. H. H. DOUGLAS. J.. Ilford. DOWNIE, J., Edinburgh. HORNER, Rev. F. D. MOLYNEtJX. E. PAUL, O., Paisley. TUBNEB, 0., the late. FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE :- ANDRE, E., Paris. ■ ANTOINE. F.. the late. Vienna. BENNET, H.. M.D., Mentone. BERG.\LAN, E.. Ferri6res. BONA VIA, C, Lucknow. CARUEL, Prof., Florence, CASPARY, Prof.. Kcenigsberg. DE MAE. J. A.. Boston, U.S.A. DBUDE. Prof., Drejiden. DUCHARTRE. Prof., Paris. EICHLER, Prof., Director, Imperi,il Botanic Gardens, Berlin. FENZI, Cav. E., Florence. HANBUEY. T., Mentone. HENRIQUEZ, Prof., Coimbra. JOLY. C. Paris. KOLB, Mai, Munich. KRELAGE, E. H., Haarlem, LANGE, Prof., Copenhagen. MEEH.AN. T., Philadelphia. MONTEIEO. Chev., Lisbon. MORREN, the late Prof., Liege. NAUDIN, C, Antibes. NELSON, C. J.. Orange Free State. OLIVEIRA. J. D.', Oporto. OLIVER. Captain S. P., Madagascar. PLANCHON. Prof.. MontpeUier. PYNAERT. E., Ghent. REGEL. E., St. Petersburg. RODIGAS. E., Ghent. SURING.VR. Prof., Levden. TROUBETZKOI, Prince (Eucalyptu.«), VILMORIN. H. de, Paris. WrTTJLiCK, Dr., Berlin. WOLKENSTEDf, St. Petereburg. FORESTRY :- BRACE, C. J., France. FRANCE, C. S., Aberdeen. MICHIE. C. Y., Cullen, Aberdeen. WEBSTER, A. D.. Carnarvonshire. FRUrr CULTURE:— BARRON, A. F., Chiswick. BLACKMORE. R. D. EUNTTARD, G., Maidstone, Kent. CHEAL, J.. Crawley, Sussex. RIVERS. T. F. WARD, E., Hewell Grange. GARDEN BOTANY :- BAKER. J. G., F.R.S. BALFOUR. Prof., Oxford. BALL, J.. F.R.S. BENTHAM, the late G., F.E.S. BROWN, N. E., Herbarium. Kew. BURBEDGE, F. W., Botanic Gardens, Dublin. CLARKE, Col. Trevor. CLARKE. C. B., F.R.S. COOKE, Dr. (Fungi). CORNU, Prof. Max. Paris. DECAISNE, the late Prof., Paris. DE C.INDOLLE. A., Geneva. DYER. W. T. T., Director, Royal Gardens, Kew, ELLACOMRE, Rev. Canon. ELWES. H. J. (Lilies). [fers). ENOKLMANN. the late Dr. G. (Conl- FEANC'HET, Paris. OKAY. Prof. Asa. Boston, U.S.A. HE.MSLEY. W. B.. Kew, HOOKER, Sir J. D.. K.C.S.L, late Director, Royal Gardens, Kew, JACKSON. Museum. Royal Gardens, Kew (Economic Botojiy). LEIOHTLIN. Max. Baden-Baden. MAW. G. (Crocus). [Goidens, Kow. MORRIS, D., AMistsiil DirActor, Boyal GARDEN BOTANY :- NAUDIN, C, Antibes. OLIVER. Prof.. F.R.S. RIDLEY, H., British Museum. ROLFE. Eoval Gardens, Kew. S.MITH, W. G. (Fungi). STEIN, Bredau Gardens. .'STRICKLAND, Sir C. TODARO, Baron. Palermo. WATSON, Sereno, Boston, U.S.A. GARDEN INSECTS :- MACLACHLAN, R., F.R.S., Pres. Ent. Soc. jnCHAEL. A. E.. F.R.S. WESTWOOD. Prof., F.R.S. HERBACEOUS PLANTS :- BARR. P., Covent Garden. CREWE, Rev. H. Harpur, the late. DOD. Rev. C. W. ELLACO.MBE. Eev. Canon. ELWES, H. J.. Cirencester. HARTLAND. Baylor. Cork. PERRY'. Tottenham. POTTER. W., York. WILSON, G. F., F.R.S. INDIA AND THE COLONIES :- ADLAM. H.. Natal. BANCROFT. G.. M.D., Queensland. BENNETT. G., M.D., Sydney. BONA VIA. Dr., N. W. P., India. COOPER, Sir Dan,, Bart.. Sydney. DUTHIE. J. F., Saharunpore. HART, J.. Jamaica. IM THURN, Everard, British Guiana. KING, Dr., Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta. M-\COWAN, Prof.. Cape Town MUELLER. Baron Sir Ferd. V., Melbourne. MURTON. H. J.. Siam. PRESTO, H., Trinidad. SCHOMBURGK, Dr., Adelaide. SMTTH, T.. New Zealand. SYTME, G.. Jamaica. TRIMEN, H.. Ceylon. LANDSCAPE GARDEIONG :- ANDRfi. E„ Paris. BOSCAWEN, Hon. and Rev. J. T. BUE\TEN1CH, F.. Ghent. JACKMAN. J., Woking. JULIAN, G, Richards. ORCHIDS ■■— ANDERSON, J., Meadowbank. BACKHOUSE, I., Y'ork. BRADSHAW, A.. Waddesdon Gardens. BULL, W. BULLEN, R., Botanic Oardens, Gla.sgow. BUYSSON, M, Le Comtc. CRAWSHAY, De B. LAWRENCE. Sir Trevor, Bart., M.P., President, Royal Horticultural Soc, LEE, W., Downside. LINDEN. Lucien, Ghent, O'HRIEN. James. I'FITZEr, Prof., Heidelberg. REICHK \BACH. Prof.. Hamburgh. RIDLEY, H. N.. British Museum. SANDER, F. SMEE. A. H. SWAN, W.. Howick House. Preston. \'ErrCT. H. WILIJAMS, B. S. WOOLPOBD, O,, Downside. PRACTICAL GARDENING:— ATKINS. J. AUSTEN, J., Witley Court Gardens. BAILLIE. W. M., Luton Hoo Gardens. BAINES, T. BAKER, G. [Oiford. BAXTER, W. H., Botanic Gardens, BLAIR, T.. Shrubland Gardens. C ARMICH AEL, A. M., Henley in Arden. CHALLIS, T. CHRISTIE. A., Warwick Castle. COLEMAN, W., Eastnor Castle Gardens. COOMBER, J., The Hendre. COOMBER, W., Regents Park. CROSSLING, R., St. Pagan's Castle Gardens, CULVERWELL, W., Thorpe Perrow. DEAN. A. (Potatos, &c.). DEWAR, D., Royal Gardens, Kew, DOUGLAS, J.. Great Gearies, Ilford, DUNN. M.. Dalkeith. BARLEY, W., Ilford. EVANS, A., Lythe Hill Gardens. FDJDLAY. B.. Manchester. FISH. D. T., Hardwicke Gardens. FOWLER, A.. Castle Kennedy FRASER. J.. Kew. [Gardens. GIBSON. W. M. (Town Gardening). GRIE^'E, P., Bury St. Edmunds. HARRIS, G., Alnwick Castle. HE.MSLEY. A. (Market Plants). HUDSON. J. (Stove Plant*). INGRAM, W., Belvoir Oardens. LY-NCH. R. J., Botanic Gardens, Cambridge. MacINDOE, J., Button Hall. MELVILLE. D., Dunrobin Gardens. MILES. G. T., Wycombe Abbey Gardens. MILLER, W., Coombe Abbey. MOORE, F. W., Glasnevin Botanic OBRIEN, T. [Garden. RICHARDS. G. H., Somerley (Jardens ROBERTS, J., Gunnersburj'. RUST, J., Eridge CasUe. SAUL, M., York, SHEPPARD, J., Wolverston Gardens S.MITH, J.. Mentmore Gardens. SMYTHE. W.. Basing Park. TE.MPLE, M,. Carron House, N.B. THOMAS, O.. Chatsworth Gardens. THOMSON. W., Clovenford (Vines). WALLIS. J., Keele Gardens. WARD, E., Hewell Grange, Bromsgrove. WARD, H. W., Longford Castle Gardens. WATSON. W., Royal Gardens, Kew. WEBSTER, J.. Gordon Castle Gardens. WILI>S^^TH, W.. Heckfleld Gardens WILSON, D. WILSON, G. F. (Lilies). ROSES :- BENNETT, H. DOMBRAIN, Rev. H. H. FISH. D. T., Hardwiok, Bury St. FISHER. Rev. O. [Edmunds. GIRULESTON, I. W. PAUL. G., Cheshunt. I'AUL. W., Waltham Cross. VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY :- BE.VNETT. A. W. BOULGEE. Prof. DARWIN, Charles, (he late. FOSTER. Prof. Michael. GARDINER. W.. CejDbrldge, OLAISHEB, James (Meta.iK>Iot7.) HEN9LOW, Hot. O. 60 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januart 14, 1888. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 3 tons), 40s. ; 4-bushel bags, id. eAch. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. id. per sack ; 5 sacks, 2hs. : sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22s. ; sacks, id. each. COABSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9i. per bushel ; 15s. per half ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, !.•!. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. &d. per sack. MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH. KU.«SrA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S.. 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury Lane (lately called I 7a, Coal Yard), W.C. SUSSEX and BEDFORDSHIRE SILVER SANDS. Sussex. Kent, and Hampshire PEATS. Sussei and Surrey Loams, Rockery Stone, &c., for sale at moderate quo- tations.—W. SHORT, Horticultural Dep6t, Midhurst, Sussex. Bones— Bones— Bones I CRUSHED BONES in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns. Pottin{». Grass Lands, &c ; also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding, Garden GUANO, dissolved BONES, and special MANtlRES for all purposes. For prices, apply to HARRISON, BARBER, and CO. (Limited), Garratt Lane, Wandsworth, Surrey, S.W. EPPS'S SELECTED PEAT Is acknowledged to be the best for all kinds of CHOICE PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, &c. ; and their Specially Selected do. for Orchids, by innumerable unsolicited Te.stimonials. Rhododendron PEAT, LEAF-MOULD, LOAM, SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-NUT FIBRE. CHARCOAL, &c., and all kinds of Garden Requisites, and NURSERY STOCK. For Price List and Testimonials, EPPS & CO,, RINGWOOD, HANTS. GARDEN REQUISITES, of best qitaliti/. as supplied to the lioyal Gardens, iVc. BEST COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, 10 sacks tor 10s., 15 for 14s.. 20for 18v.,30for25s. : two ton truck, 28s. Freeonratl. RUSSIA MATS, from I2s. to 18s. per dozen. FINEST ORCHID PEAT, 7s. per sack. BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 for 22s. M. BEST BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6i. per sack, 5 for 20s. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel; 14s. }-ton ; PURE LEAF-MOULD, .Is. per sack. [25s. per ton. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM as. per sack. BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, 4s. per bushel. KAFFIA. LABELS. STICKS, BAMBOO CANES, VIRGIN CORK, CHEMICAL MANURES, &c. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 6s. per sack. CHARCOAL, 8s. per sack SPECIALITB TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, eacbgi. perlb. 23 lb. for ISs. Price List free by post. W. HERBERT AKD CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South- wark Street, London, S.E. GARDEN REQUISITES. Two I'KIZK Mf.:dals. Quality, THE BEST In tlie Market. (All .sacks included.) PEAT, best brouu librous ... hs. per sack, & sacks for 22s. 6d. PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 0'/. ,, 5 sacks for 20s. PEAT, extra selected Orchid 7s. 6rf. ,, 5 sacks for ySs. LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST I Is. per bush., 3s. per sack LEAF, or I'E.AT MOULD ... ( (sticks included). SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6rf. per bush., 14s. half-ton, 24s. ton. RAFFIA FIERE, best only Is. per lb, TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Sd. lb.; 28 lb., 18s. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 3s. per bush., 8s. per sack. CHUBB'S" PERFECT ■■FER-'\ In Bags. TILISEB (the Best Food for ' all kinds of Plants, Flow crs, (Tins. 71b. 141b. 231b. 561b. 1 cwt. Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...J 1/6 3/- ,5/- 8/- 14/- 22/- CHRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/- VIRGIN COP.K (Best Quality only) — 3/- 6/6 10/6 17/- BUSSIAN MATS, BAMBOO CANES, PERU^aAN GUANO, NITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, &c. PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Horses and Cattle, £J per ton. Extra larpe Sample Bales, 6s. each. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks. Is. 3rf. each ; 10 sacks, lis.; 15 sacks, 15s.: 20 sacks, 18.S.; 30 sacks, 25s. ; 40 sacks, 30s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 28s. Limited quantities of G., special quality granulated, in sacks only. 2s. each. Terms, strictly Cash with order. (Bankers, Union Bank of London.) CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD. MILWALL, LONDON. B. PEAT for ORCHIDS, AZALEAS, HEATHS, FERNS, RHODODENDRONS, and other choice Plants. Tbe Best In the World. A JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhall Street, • London, E.G., continue to receive the highest of testi- monials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, stating the ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J. & Co. is by far the best they have ever used. Samples 1) CO., 3, Bury Court, St, Mary Aie, London, E,C. By Royal Letters Patent.— Carbon Cones. LETHORION (VAPOUR CONE). For the distribution of certain principles in astateof vapour, in Greenhouses and Conservatories, whereby their active properties are most closely brought into direct and intimate contact with vegetable productions, for the purpose of DESTROYING PARASITIC LIFE with a certainty hitherto unachieved, and without hurt or prejudice to the most delicale and fragile organization of plant life. The old system of fumigating with cloth or paper is now quite unnecessary. Cone. cub. feet. PRICES. Per case. No. 0, 50 (for Window Cases and Small Each. Two doz. Frames from 10 cubic feet) 6d. ... lOS. 6d, „ 1, 100 (for Frames, &c.) 9d. ... 15s. One d' 7. „ 2, 500 (for Small "Lean-to's," &c.)lB. 3d. ... 13b. 6d „ 3, 1000 (for general use in Larger Half du/. Greenhouses) 2b. ... llB. Directions for use with each Cone. Manufactured under the Patent solely by CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. !• Limited). LONDON. Sold by all Nursery and Seed Trade throughout the United Kingdom. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greeu Fly, and other Blight. 1 to li ounces to the gallon of soft-water; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 35., and 10s. 6rf. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes. 6rf. and Is., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). London. To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists. WPETEKS AND SONS ,44, Tenter St., South, • Goodman's Fields, London, E., are now selling, at extremely Low Prices, New Season's best quality heavy full- size Archangel MATS; also St. Petersburg MATS. Packing MATS, and RAFFIA. Prices on application to above address. n''e*^?Ig\ RICBY, WAINWRICHT & CO., HOTHOUSE : MAXrFACTl-nER.% SHADINGS. Neptune Works, Manchester. COTTON WOOL and WADDI.VO tor Florists TIFFANY, anil Nurserjlnen. Send for Sampl.'sand Prices. To HortlCtUtUriStS.- Great economy in Fuel, and other aiivantages secured by the use of our SMOKELE.SS ANTHRACITE.— For infor- mation as to the mode of using this coal, and prices delivered to any railway station, apply to the TRIMSAEAN CO. (Limited), 62, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C. ARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats. Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work. Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL. 90, Lower Thames Street, London. E.C, " Now for the golden wine of English meadows I A cool, deep, sparkling beaker of liquid topaz Nor Reims, nor Rhine can match 1" MOTT & CO.'S GOLD MEDAL LEICESTERSHIRE COWSLIP WINE, tRADE k ^■f ^^ of the fine 1887 vintage, is now perfect. ^11 1^ jfM>?/CTHOROUGHi.Y Genuine Wine. Pale, ^B ^B^ brilli.'^nt, slightly sparkling, exquisite ^1 ^^^^ colour, delicious flavour; not too sweet. J Largely used for Dinner, Supper, Dessert, Balls, and Picnics. Excellent Nerve-soother for Neuralgia or Toothache. Sold by Wine Merchanteand Grocers throughout Great Britain. Exported to America. China. Australia, &c. Pamphlet and List of Agente, post-free. Price 16b. per dozen, case, &c. included. Carriage paid on two do^en. Sample Bottle, carriage free, 2s. MOTT & CO., Wine Merchants, LEICESTEH. RUSSIA MATS & RAFFIA NEW SEASON'S ARCHANGEL MATS. Taganrog, Petersburg, and every otber description of Russian Mats. RAFFIA FIBRE. SPECIAL QUOTATIONS on APPLICATION. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 138, COMMERCIAL STREET. LONDON, E. CHEAP HORTICULTURAL CLASS. Packages and packing free, and delivered to any London Station. 100 squares of Glass, quality guaranteed. 15 oz. 21 oz. 13Jby 8i for 10/- for 14/- 12 „ 9 ,, 10/- ,, 14/- or 300 squares 16 ounce, 8 by 6, 12 „ 10 ,, 11/- ,, 15/6 or 2.50 squares 8} by 6|, op 220 14 „ 10 „ 13/- „ 19/- squares, 9^ by 6J, or 170 squares, 14 „ 12 „ 17/6 „ 24/- 9 by 7^, or 150 squares, 10 by 8. 12 ,, 12 ,, 13/- ,, 20/- for 10s. Carriage paid for all orders 18 „ 12 „ 21/- „ 81/- over £3. 20 „ 12 „ 24/- „ 35/- Glass cut to any size at the above proportionate prices. Best LINSEED-OIL PUTTY. PAINTS, ready miied for use, in tins of 1 lb. to 14 lb., at bd. per pound. Special quotations given for large quantities. J. B. BOBINSON, WHOLESALE LEAD AND GLASS WAREHOUSE, 14. Moor Lane. Crlpplegate, London, E.C. HFATING APPARATUS^, the"ecupse" if r HfATlNG ENGINEER.-- STOURBRIDGE. 1 ■S-Vfif j'^^^^^=rf>': I WK/THSS^WiSSa k ]» EXPANSION JOINTS PIPES.t^OILS, i- VALVES, BOILERS S,c. THOS. W. ROBINSON, DENNIS PARK IRONWORKS, STOURBRIDGE. 4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. Zd. each ; 4-iD. Socket Hot- water Pipes. 9 feet long, 4s. 6rf. each. Full lUwitrated Revised Price List on application. HILL BLACK & SMITH'S VARNISH for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. (Registered Trade Mark.) An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost. Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens, and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Haa stood the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be applied cold by any ordinary labourer. Price Is, 6d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid to any railway station, l5. Sd. per gallon in caskA of 36, 30, or 10 gallons. y^ A TT m T j-\ i^T Every Cask bears the above (J A U 1 I (JJy, Registered Trade Mark. Beware of cheap imitations. HILL & SMITH Brierley Ironworks, Dudley ; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, EO, ; 17, Dawson Street, Dublls. jAiniAET 14, 1888.] TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 61 WEEKS'S PATENT DUPLEX BOILER IS FAK AHEAD OF AIL OTHERS IN EVERY RESPECT. NOTE A FEW ABVANTAGES. Average Durability, 20 years. 10 years' Guarantee of large sizes, subject to printed conditions. Greater Power, and Economy of Fuel and Labour. A certain " Gardeners' Friend " by day and night. Can be Cleaned out internally, and any Section can be repaired. Is the' Cheapest and Best Boiler in the Market. PRICE LIST and full particulars Post-free on application to J. WEEKS & CO., HORTICULTURAL EXGINEERS, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. Per doz. Per doz Children's... ... l.s. !W. Hemstitched — Ladies' ... 2.s.4irf. Ladies' ... . . 2s. llji Gents' ... 3s. id. Gents' ... . . 4s. \U. USEFUL PRESENTS FROM IRELAND. CAMBRIC POCKET HANDKERCHIEFS. Embroidered Handkerchiefs, from Is. each. Pretty FANCY BOXES, suitable for half-dozens or dozens of Handkerchiefs, encased iu Cardboard Covers, so as to pass uninjured by post, Zd., 6d., 9d. to Is. 6d. each. IRISH DAMASK TABLE LINEN. Sanples and Illustrated Price Lists, post-free. FISH NAPKINS, 2s. lid. per dozen. Dinner Napkins, 5s. 6d. per dozen. Table Cloths, 2 yards square, 2s. llt^. ; 2J yards by 3 yards, 6!. lid. each. Kitchen Table Cloths, Hid. each. Strong Huckaback Towels, 4s. 6d. per dozen. Monograms, Initials, &c., Wo%'en and Embroidered. ROBIiMSON & CLEAVER, to H.M. the Queen and H.I. anc' of Germany, BELFAST. By Special Appointments to H.M. the Queen and H.I. and R.H. the Crown Princess of Germany, ROB I N SO N AND CLEAVER'S MATCHLESS SHIRTS. Best Quality Long Cloth, with 4-fold finest Linen Fronts. 35s. 6d. per half-doz. (to measure or pattern. 2s. extra). Pat- terns of materiaU used, also of newest styles in Fancy Cotton, Flannel, Silk, and Silk and Wool Shirtings sent free on ap- plication. OLD SHIRTS made as cood as new, with best material in Neck- bands, Cuffs and Fronts, for lis. the half-dozen. Prioe Lists and Samples of Linen Collars, Cuffs. Handkarchiefs, Table Linen, and all kinds of Linen Goods, post-free. ROBINSON & CLEAVER (Telegraphic Address ; — " L I N E N "), BELFAST. HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries. Stoves, Greenliouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of growing houses, aud for practical utility, ecouoroy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work, and that the very best. ConservatOlieB and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the smallest t« the lur^test. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, SaBhes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock. Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the KtJtffdom. MODERATE OHARQES. Our Maxim is and always has been — FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. HORTICULTURAL GLASS. A large quantity of all descriptions and sizes in stock, at the lowest possible prices, NICHOLLS & CLARKE, SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E. ESTXBL13H£D, A.D. 1S18. HENRY HOPE, Horticultural Builder and Hot-water Engineer, 66, Lionel St., Blrmlngliam. Plans and Estimates on application. Experienced Workmen sent to any part of the Kingdom. ROCKERIES, FERNERIES, window CASES, CAVES. WATERFALLS. WINDOW BOXES, AQUARIA, ARTIFICIAL ROCKWORK for Ballrooms, Halls, Staircases, &c., temporarily erected and constructed, under personal superintendence of HARPHAM AND HOWES. Horticultural Depot, 107, Church Street, Edgware Road, N.W. Estimates and Illustrated Lists Free. W. H. LASCELLES & CO., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS. 121, BUNHTLL ROW. LONDON, E.C. W. H. LASCELLES AXD CO. will give Estimates for every description of HORTICULTURAL WORK, free of charge, and send competent assistants when necessary. LASCELLES' NEW ROCKWORK material in various colours. Samples can be seen and prices obtained at 121, Bunhill Row. London, E,C. Illustrated Lists of Wooden Buildings, Greenhouses, and Conservatories, and Concrete Slabs for Walls, Paths, and Stages, sent post-free on application. PORTABLE CTTCTTMBER FRAMES. RH A L L I D A Y and CO. desire to • draw special attention to their Cucumber Frame*, of which they always have a large stock, ready glared and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few miuutea by any one. Prices delivered to anv -tation iu England : — £ *. a, 2-light frame. ? .'eet by 6 feet 1 p,„,vin„ ( 3 10 0 3-l.ihtfriAne, 12feetbyfifeetl,.^%"8 ^ 5 5 0 6-lJ^!.cframe. 24feetby6feetr*^ *'^( 10 0 0 The glass is nailed and puttied in. laghts and franung for Orick pita at proportionately low prices. B. HALLIDAT & 00., Hothouse Builders and Engineers. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. London Agent, Mr. H. SKELTOK, Seodsman, &c., 2, HoUoway Road, N. 30x16 20X16 22x16 24X16 C^J-f 20x18 V7- 22 X 18 .=. '•. 24X18 21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet tjoxes, 3rds and 4th3 qualities, always kept in Block. A larjie stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. glass ia 20O feet bolea. Propagating and Cucumber Glasses, and all Miscellaneomi Olaas Articles, can be obtained from GEORGE FAJtMILOE & SONS, GLASS. LEAD, OIL and COLOUR MERCHANTS. 34, St. John Street, West Smltlifleld, London, E.O. .stock List and Prices on application. Quote ChrontcU. 62 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [ jiOTJAfiT 14, 1888. THE GARDENERS^ CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as tico. 4 Lines . . £0 3 0 15 Lines . .£086 6 „ . . 0 3 6 16 „ . .090 6 „ . . 0 4 0 17 „ . .098 7 „ . . 0 4 6 18 „ . . 0 10 0 8 „ . . 0 5 0 19 „ . . 0 10 6 9 „ • . 0 5 6 20 „ . . 0 11 0 10 „ . . 0 6 0 21 „ . . 0 11 6 11 „ . . 0 6 6 23 „ . . 0 12 0 18 „ . . 0 7 0 23 „ . 0 12 6 13 „ . . 0 7 6 24 „ . 0 13 0 14 „ . . 0 8 0 25 „ . . 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. K set acroM two Columus, the lowest charge will be 203. If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30s. Page. £i: Half Page, £4 10s.; Column. £3. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address, Is, 6d., and Qd. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENT.^ MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary acale. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-o_ffices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and Tetiimed to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kinudo.m: 12 Months, 15s.; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Mouths, 33. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China 19s. 6d. Post office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRURY LANE, W.C, to W. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, WellinRton Street, Strand, London, W.C. THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION. CAMOMILE PILLS. Are confidently recofumended as a simple but certahi remedy for ^* INDIGESTION*^ Seo Teatimonial, selected from liundreds :— CROYDON, 1885. " Having been a sufferer from Indi- gestion for many years, I am happy to say that I have at last not only been relieved but perfectly cured by using Norton's Pills, and confidf.ztly recom- mend them to all sufferina from the sime. "7. WILKINSON." For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines. Sold everywhere, price is. i\d., 2s. gd. and lis. MADE WITH BOILINQ WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEPUL-COMFORTINO. COCOA MADE WITH BOIUNa MILK. Accidents all the Year Round. Provide against them by Policy of the RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY, 64, Cornhill, London, E.C. Hon. Evelyn Ashley, Chairman. Annual Income. £248,000. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund, £275,000. Compensation Paid for 126,000 Accidents, £2,500,000. Moderate premiums — Favourable conditions — new concessions. Prompt and Liberal Settlement of Claims. West End Office :— 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. Head Office :— 64, Comhill, London. E.C. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretery. FOR SALE, "MILLER'S GARDENER'S DICTIONARY." in four parts, complete, in fair condition. W. SCOTT, 71, Ifield Road West. Brompton. S.W. Estate Sales. The best County medium for Advertising Sales of THE WORCESTER HERALD, the largest and leading County paper. Extensive circulation among the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adjoining counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for reterence and distribution, plans and particulars of Estates, Catalogues of Machinery. Furniture, Books, and other property advertised in the colums of the Worcester Herald. Specimen copies sent free. Published Friday for Saturday, price 2d. Offices, 12, High Street. Worcester. Sales of Stock and Agricultural Effects. THE AVOKCESTER HERALD is the most effective organ for giving publicity to announcements of this class. It is the largest and leading Agricultural paper in the county, and circulates most extensively among Agricul- turists in and around Worcestershire. Specimen copies free. Published Friday for Saturday, price 2d. Offices, 72. High Street, Worcester. Farms to be Let. LAND AGENTS, ESTATE flI.ANAGERS, and all having Farms to Let, would do well to Advertise in THE WORCESTER HERALD, the Largest and Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for bringing such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large Circula- tion, moderate charge. Specimen free. Price 2(/. Published Friday for Saturday. Offices, 72, High Street, Worcester. ADVERTISER, with 1700 feet of Glass, in good suburb, 7 miles from Covent Garden, wi-hes to 5IEET WITH A MAN used to Growing Stuff for Market, willing to join him in same at once. £100 required for share. — C. G., 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. WANTED, an experienced ORCHID COL- LECTOR, to proceed to South America.— Address, with particulars, A. MERTON, 50, Parliament Street, S.W. A GENTLEMAN living in a Southern County, with a larger garden than he requires, wishes to find a professed GARDENER, unmarried, to live at the Lodge, who will undertake to supply the house with Flowers and Fruit, and keep it Cultivated in first-rate order. He will be allowed to Sell the Produce instead of wages. The garden is sheltered, productive, and well stocked, with river running through it; orchard, conservatory, with 9 hotbeds. He must have an excellent character for probity and experience. — Addross by letter. E. D., May's Advertising Offices, 159, Piccadilly, Loudon, W. WANTED, AT ONCE, a GARDENER for Single-handed place, twelve miles from London. Must thoroughly understand treatment of Hothouse Plants; Cut Flowers a specialty. Good wages.— Apply, by letter only, to F., 62. Leadenhall Street, London, E.C. Gardener. WANTED, a WORKING GARDENER, experienced in the Cultivation of Conifers, Shrubs, Roses, Herbaceous Plants, and Outdoor Fruit. Must be mar- ried, without family. Wife to give occasional Assistance in the House. Wages for the two, 26s. a week, and good free house and garden. Assistance is given in the garden.— Apply toA. B., Box 64, Post Office, Whitehaven, giving references, and stating age and particulars of present employment. WANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, for a Gentleman's establishment ; married. Must be thoroughly well up in everything connected with Kitchen and Flower Gardening, and must understand Forcing Vegetables, &c. Wage^. 175. per week, with cottage, garden and milk. First-class character indispensable.— Write full particulars as to qualification, and experience, to B., Messrs. Dawson & Sons, 121, Cannon Street, London, E,C. WANTED, a young MAN, for the Houses, under the Foreman. Must have good experience in Plant Growing generally, be neat and quick at work, with good recommendation from last situation. Wages, 20*. per week; no bothy.— State full particulars to J. ANDERSON, The Gardens, Streatham Grove, Norwood. S.E. Gardeners. WANTED, shortly, a good, trustworthy >LAN. Must understand Vines and Cucumbers. Wage^. 21s.— P. J. S., St. Mary Cray. WANTED, a smart young MAN, with thorough knowledge of Houses and Kitchen Gardening and accustomed to Nailing. Wages ISs. per week.— Address, with all particulars. BONNER, 6, Dowgate Hill, London, E.C. WANTED, a young MAN, to Pot and Tie, used to Market Work. Must be quick. — Apply, stating wages required, to GARAWAY AKD CO., Durdham Down, Clifton, Bristol. WANTED AT ONCE, TWO MEN, quick at Bunching. Also CARMAN, for Market.— FORE- MAN, Turntord Hall Nursery, near Broxbourne. WANTED, an active young MAN, well up in Dispatch of Orders, to Manage a New Business. State age, experience, salary required, references, &c. — A. S. C, (^rd«*trs'CAronideOffice,41,WeUingtouStreet, Strand, W.C. Seed Trade. WANTED, an efhcient, active, sober, steady, and reliable Man as TRAN'ELLER.-Address, stating age, axperience, salary expected, and other particulars, to LEX, Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. ANTED, AT ONCE, for the season, or permanently, ONE or TWO GENERAL CLEKKS, men who have been accustomed to the general routine of a Provincial Nursery or Seed Office preferred. — Apply, giving particulars of engagements, where last employed, age, and wages expected to T., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, for Branch Seed and Bulb J3uai- ness, in London suburb, efficient SHOPMAN. Single- handed : proficient in Making-up Wreaths, Crosses, and Bouquets. Wages, 185. to 20s., according to ability. — State experience to B. C. G., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, a WAREHOUSEMAN. Must have experience in Farm Root Seeds, Clovers, Grasses, Garden Peaa and Beans, and the general routine of a Provincial Seed Warehouse. — Apply with references, which must be of a high character, stating wages required and experience, to W. W. JOHNSON AND SON, Seed Merchants, Boston, Lin- colnshire. ANTED, an ASSISTANT in Seed and Nursery Department. — Preference given to a good Budder and Grafter. Good character indispensable. — Apply, in own handwriting, stating age, experience, and salary expected, to X. Y., Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, London, £. ^flpd Ti*3.dp WANTED, a young MAN, from 20 to 22 vears of age as ASSISTANT.— Apply, with full par- ticulars, ' to F. WALKER, 4, Upper Parliament Street, Nottingham. ANTED, an ASSISTANT, in the Retail Seed and Corn Trade. Must be quick Counter-hand, and of good address — Apply, stating age, experience, and salary expected, to CLARKE and SON, Seedsmen, Cheltenham. ANTED, a YOUTH, as Junior Assistant in the Garden Seed Department. — Apply, stating age, experience, reference, and wages required, to WEBB AND SONS, The Royal Seed Establishment, Wordsley, Stourbridge. ANTED, for the Office of an Erfurt Seed and Nursery Establishment, a young MAN, German preferred, thoroughly acquainted with the English language. — Apply, stating experience, wages expected, and reference, to H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. Sfipd Trade WANTED, a YOUTH, with two or three yeare' experience, for Counter Work, and to Attend Market Stall. — Apply, in own handwriting, to MILL and TWEEDIE, Seed Merchants, Truro. GAKDENINQ APPOINTMENTS. Mr. G. a. Bethell, formerly Gardener to the Duke of Mablborough, Blenheim, is engaged as Gardener to the Baronne Adolphe de Roths- child, Chateau de Pregny, Geneva. Mr. W. Rouse, late of Sudbury House Gar- dens, Hammersmith, has been appointed Gardener at Warwick School, Warwick. Mr. Stephen Da vies, late Head Gardener to Captain Dbummond, Enderby Hall, Leicester, has been appointed Head Gardener to C. Churchill, Esq., Weybridge Park, Weybridge, Surrey. WANT PLACES. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. — It is very important in Remitting by Postal Order that it should be filed in payable to No. 42. DRURV LANK, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order it knoivn, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is iinpossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. JV B. -The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST- OFFICE ORDER. Letters addressed *' Paste Restante" to initials or to fictitious names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to the writers. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instajwes Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without iiame, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and frt- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisement which they ivtsh repeated. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS, EAILIFrS. Or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be made U) 237 and 238, High Holbom, W.C Jancaet 14, 1888.] TEE GARDENERS' GHRONIOLE. 63 SCOTCH GARDENERS. —John Dow.vie (of the late firm of Downie & Laird), Seedsman, 144. Princes Street, Edinburgh, has at present on his List a number of SCOTCH GARUENERS, -waiting re- engagements. He will be pleased to supply full particulars to any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy and competent Gardener. ICH ARD SMITH and CO? beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners, seekiog situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. ARDENER (Head).— Age 36, single ; twenty-three years' practical experience in all branches of Gardening. Two and a half years' good character from last place.— J. NICHOLAS, Rossett, Wrexliam. ARDENER (Head).— Age 48; a thorough practical man. Twenty years in last situation. Left through death of employer. — F. F., 17, Cortayne Road, Hurl- ingham Park, Fulbam, S.VV. ARDENER (Head).— Age 32; eighteen years' experience in Early and Late Forcing of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, also Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Excellent character and testimonials. Charles Arthur Tolley. —Apply Mr. CYPHER, Exotic Nursery, Cheltenham. ARDENER (Head); age 33, married, no family. — W. J. Irelasd, late of Nostell Priory, and previously with the Marquis of Headfort, is open to engage with any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough trustworthy and compett;nt man. Left at own request. Very highly recommended for character and ability. — Leasgill, Milntliorpe, Westmoreland. ARDENER (.Head Woeking). — Middle- aged, married; has a thorough knowledge of his busi- ness in all its branches; Land if required. Six and a half years' good character. — W. B., Longhurst Cottage, Bracknell, Berks. ARDENER (Head Working); age 34, married, no family. — The Rev. J. A. Ewing. Westmill Rectory, Buntiiigford, wishes strongly to recommend his Gar- dener to any Lady or Gentleman in want of a thoroughly practical man. — J. K., Westmill Rectory. ARDENER (Head AVorking).— Age 35, married, two children ; twenty years' experience in good families in England and Scotland. Nearly five years in present situation, six previous.— JOHN FINLAYSON. The Gardens. Farnham Chase. Slough. ARDENER (Head Woeking).— Married, no family ; fifteen years' experience in all branches. Understands the Growing of Orchids, also Forcing Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables. Good character and testimouials. — A. COLE, Spa Gardens, Larkshall, Bath, Somerset. ARDENER (Working).— Age 30, married; thirteen years' good practical experience in all branches of the profession. Highest testimonials as to character and abilities.— H. GILBERT, Gardener, Eoughton Place. Maid- stone. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept; age 30. married.— Mr. Mundell, Gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Ebury, Moor Park, Rick- mansworth, Herts, can with every confidence recommend a practical man as above. Thoroughly honest, sober, and trust- worthy, and understands the L. S. D. — Address as above. ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30.— Mr. Ward, Gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Windsor, Hewell, Bromsgrove, wishes to recommend his Foreman (Arthur Smith) as above, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly experienced Gardener in all branches of the profession. Sixteen years' experience; five years in present situation. — Address as above. ARDENER (Head Working).— Adver- TISER wishes to strongly recommend his Gardener, who has lived with him fifteen years, and who is most trustworthy, hard-working, and thoroughly efficient in all branches of gar- dening ; he is especially good in the Cultivation of Roses and Chrysanthemums, having won Gold and Silver Medals, and Fifty odd Prizes for advertiser, who is only parting with C. G. on account of wishing to reduce his establishment, and who will gladly answer all enquiries.— G. G. S.. Eastcote, Red Hill. Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working, where two or three are kept, or good Single-handed).— Age 27; well up in all branches. First-cIas.H character.— W. HUTT. The Gardens, Level Hill House, Winkfield, Windsor, Berks. ARDENER (Head Working, or Single- HANDED).— Married ; fifteen years in last situation. Left through death. Understands Gardening in all branches —CHARLES CAPLING. Bedhampton Hill, Havant. ARDENER (Head Working, or Single- HANDED).— Age 37. married; over twenty years' ex- perience in all branches. Good character. — F, D., 121, Maughan Street, Penarth, Cardiff. ARDENER (Head, or Under).— Scotch ; experienced in all departments. Trustworthy, .Tnd willing to be useful. Open to eogagement end of month. Bt-st references. Teetotaller.— Address, first instance, 12, Montague Place, Shrewsbury. GARDENER; married. — A Gentleman wishes to recommend his Gardener— a thoroughly com- petent and most highly respectable man.- J. Q., Clovelly Freshwater, Isle of Wight. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 25 ; good character. Total abstainer.— A. B,, 18, Bedford Boad, Ealing Dean. GARDENER (Single-handed, or good Second).— Thoroughly experienced in Vines, &c. Four and a half years' good character from last situation.- W. P., Burnside, Exmouth, Devon. ARDENER (Second), in a good Estab- lishment.— Age 2.5 ; three and half years' good recom- mendation from present employer.— State wages and particu- lars, to W. SKEGGS, The Gardens, Streatham Grove, Nor- wood, S.E. /?j„ARDENER (Second or Under).— Age 19 ; \-A Two and a half years' character. Five years' experience. WeU up in House Work.— G. SMITH, The Gardens, Rockville, Cosham, Hants. ARDENER (Second or Under).— Age 22; seven and a half years' experience Inside and Out. Three years' good character.— E. RIXON, Normanslield, Hamp- ton Wick, Middlesex. ARDENER (Thibd), under a Foreman in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's establishment.— Five years' experience. Good character. — G. PIKE, Whitestaunton, near Chard, Somersetshire. ARDENER (Under).— Age 25 ; good expe- rience. Good references can be had if required. — J. D., Chestnut House. Balbam Hill, London, S.W. ARDENER (Under), or to Manage Kitchen Garden and Cows. — Young ; seven years' good character. — H. RICHARDS. Market Gardener, Shirley, Southampton. GARDENER (Under).- Age 19 ; been accustomed to In and Outdoor Work. Eighteen months' good character.— GEO. ROBINS, Cambridge Street, St. Neots, Hunts. ARDENER (Under). — Age 22 ; six years' experience. Well up in Outside Work. Good references. Total Abstainer.— 3. T., 2, Cooper's Cottages Alpha Road, Surbiton. ARDENER (Under), or JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 2b ; eight years' experience. Good references from previous employers. — E. TROLLOPE 2 Church Road, Acton, W. GARDENER (Under), or JOURNEYMAN in the Houses.— Age 20 ; seven years' experience. Indoors and Out. Good character^.- C. M. SMITH, Shenton, Nuneaton. ARDENER (Under), Inside and Out, or journeyman. Inside; age 21.— C. J. Waite will be pleased to recommend a young man as above, having servtd under him in the Houses and Outside.- C. J. WAITE, Glen- hurst Gardens, Esher, Surrey. '^rO THE 1st of MARCH, by a Gardener -L (Catholic), with especial experience in French Pruning and Trainmg Dwarf Trees of every sort. Propagating, in Winding Bouquets. Wreaths, &c.— F. K., 59, Faulkner Street, Bishopstield, Chester. "C'GREMAN (in the Houses).- Age 25 ; gained J- experience in good places, ioclutl^ng Osberton, Hardwicke House, Stc. Excellent testimonials; abstainer.- E. YOUNG, West Drayton, Middlesex. To Nursersnnen and Mairket Growers. FOREMAN.— Age 30; thoroughly practical. Well up in all branches of the profession. Excellent character from previous employers.— G. C, Montana House, Shepperton. To Nursersrmen. FOREMAN. — Thoroughly experienced; well up in Growing for Market and Cut Flower Trade.— Apply, stating wages, W., 15. Framlaud Street, Leicester. FOREMAN, in the Houses ; age 24.— Mr. ALLAN, Gardener to Lord Ashburton, The Grange, Alresford, Hants, will be pleased to recommend W. Hibberd] as above, to any Gardener in want of a thoroughly competent] active, and steady man. FOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's establishment; age 24.— Mr. Ward. Gardener to Ihe Right Hon. Lord Windsor, Hewell, Bromsgrove, can highly recommend Frederick Hughes as above, to any Gardener requiring the services of a thoroughly experienced man.- Address as above. FOREMAN, or good Single-handed.— Age 25; ten years' experience. Three years' Foreman. Fifteen months in present place. Good reference.— F. LAND- MORE. Halstead Place, Sevenoaks, Kent. URSERY FOREMAN. — Eighteen years' experience. Good Propagator and Grower; well up in Wreaths, Cro.sses, Bouquets, &c. Good references. B., 2, Archdale Street, Lyston. Leicester. To Market Growers and Othera. PROPAGATOR, WORKING FOREMAN, or GROWER.— Age 27; twelve years" experience in Growing large quantities of Ferns, Dracienas. Fuchsias. Sola- nums, Cyclamens, Pelargoniums. Chrysanthemums, Hydran- geas, Bouvardias, Forced Flowers of all kinds, Cucu-nbers, Tomatos. Good salesman. (food character. — LAMBERT^ Warring Road, opposite " Plough," Pe^^cot, Liverpool. To Nurserymen and Florists. PROPAGATOR.— Age 22; good reference. — H. S., Gardeners' ckronictc Office, 41, WellioKton Street, Strana, W.C. PROPAGATOR or GROWER, in London i or Provinces.— Single, age 26 ; twelve years' experience, (iood knowledge of Plants. Gooil reference. -^E. WAKDEN, Abbey Cottuges, West End Lane, Kilburu, N. To Market Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR (Soft-wooded) and GROWER, J- in Large Nursery. — Eighteen years' practical experience. Can be well recommended.— W. WEIGHT, 6, Beechtield Cottages, Bromley, Kent. pOSE GROWER. — Indoors, or in Nursery, J-V or Private. — Thirteen years' experience. Eleven years with Mr. G. Panl, of Chesbunt. Used to Exhibiting or Grow- ing for Market.— T. SKEGGS, 3, Church Koad, Welling, Kent OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; seven years' experience. Good reference. — W. JONES, The Street Gardens, Chorley, Lanes. JOURNEYMAN, Inside or otherwise ; age 22. -Mr. McMillan, Moreton House, Bidetord, Devon, will be glad to recommend a thorough industrious, active young man. Good character. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good Establishment. — Can be well recommended from last employer. Seven years' reference. Abstainer.— W. ASHTON, Elsham, Brigg, Lincoln. JOURNESMAN, under Glass, in good estab- lishment. Seven years' good character from present employer. Three years under Glass. Abstainer. Bothy pre- ferred.- A. LAMPARD, Broomhall, Dorking, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN (Fibst), in the Houses.— tj Age 21 ; seven years' experience in good establishments. Good references.— EDWARD BEAN, Mount Street, Diss, Noifolk. JOURNEYMAN ; age 20.— C. Ings, Gardener to Sir Spencer Welbj, Bart., Golder'sHill, Hampstead,N., wishes to recommend his son as above. Strong and obliging. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 21 . three years' good character from last situation.— G. H. E., Earkstou Towera, near Tadcaster. JOURNEYMAN, Inside ; age 21. — The Gardener, Offchurch Bury, Leamington, wishes to recom- mend a respectable, trustworthy young man. Four years' good character. — Apply as above. JOURNEYMAN; age 21. — Mr. Barker", tJ Gardener to the Earl of Duuraven, Adare Manor, Limerick, wishes to recommend a young man to any Gardener requiring a very steady, industrious, and reliable man. OURNEYMAN (Inside, or Second where four or live are kept).— Age 24; eight years' experience. Good character.— A. ALiPPLEBFCK, Rawcliffe, Selby. GENERAL HAND, in a good Nursery,^ Age 23; four years' experience. Three years' good character.— H. BOTTING, West Tarring, near Worthing, Sussex. IMPROVER, in a good Nursery.- Used to Cat Flowers, Cucumbers, and Tomatos.— D. W. S., Clare- mont Villa, Ucktield, Sussex. IMPROVE R. — Premium. — A young man wishes to obtain a situation under a Nobleman's Gardener. —A. B. WIFFIN, Fost-otfice, Strand-on-Green, Chiswick, S.W. '^ro HEAD GARDENERS and OTHERS.— X Wanted to place a youth (age 17). where he would have an opportunity of Learning Gardening.— .Address, with terms, E. S., 40, Hammersmith Road, London, W. TO THE HORTICULTURAL TRADE.— A young man, desirous of entering the Horticultural Trade, would be glad to hear of a situation where he would have a chance of Learning the Business.— J. V., 2, Gleneldon Road, Streatham, S.W. TO NURSERYMEN Zi^d FLORISTS.— Required the Management of a Florist and Fruit Busi- ness, Wholesale or Retail. Practical in eni-ery branch of the Trade. First-class references.- M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. CLERK, SEEDSMAN, GENERAL SALES- MAN, or TRAVELLER.— Twenty years with Lucombe. Pince & Co. Has successfully worked Western Countieseight consecutive seasons. Excellent testimonials. — NAPPKK, AlphingtOD, Exeter SHOPMAN (Assistant), or Charge of a Provincial House.— Young man, with nine years' experi- ence, thoroughly understands all branches of tlie Seed Trade. — R. B., 105. Amiens Street, Dublin. 0 FLORISTS.— Wanted, a situation in % good Florist's Shop. Age 25; well experienced in Plants, Cut Flowers, Furnishing. Decorating, Sec. Good references.- J. W., Barn Elms. Barnes. S.W. STATE PAINTER ^^d GLAZIER,— Williugto make himself generally useful in Garden, Sec. references.- W. S., 7. Stafford Koad. Kilburn. N.W. Good references.- HOLLO WAY'S PILLS.— Health or Wealth. — No sane person would het^itate on instant in the choice between these two conditions. Now is the season to secure the former either by restoring or confirminfl; it. These Pilb expel all impurities from the system which logs, foul vapours, and variable temperatures engender during winter; this medicine also acts most wholesomely upon the skin by disgorging the li%'er of ita accumulated bile, and by exciting the kidneys to more energetic action ; it increases the appetite for food and strengthens the digestive process. The stomach and liver, with which most disorders originate, are fully under the control of these regenerative Pills, which act very kindly yet more effideotiy ou the temlere«C bowels. I 64 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jantjakt 14, 1888. VEITCH'S SUPERB PRIMULAS THE FINEST IN CULTIVATION.. Atvarded a SPECIAL CERTIFICATE hij the Royal Horticultural Society for superior quality. VEITOH'S SNOWFLAKE. VEITCH'S WHITE. The best pure white variety. Flowers of large size, and elegantly fringed. Per Packet, 2s. 6d. DOUBLE RED AND WHITE. \'ery free flowering, and particularly valuable for cutting. Each per Packet, 2«. 6d. The finest pure white Fern-leaved variety. Firat-class Cer- tificate Royal Horticultural Society, 1887. Flowers large, of tiiie form, massive substance, and exquisitely fimbriated at edge, well displayed above the dark green, beautifully curled foliage. Per Packet, 3s. 6d. VEITCH'S CHELSEA SCARLET. The brightest and richest of all the high-coloured varieties. Per Packet, Ss. 6d. VEITCH'S CHELSEA CRIMSON A beautiful and distinct shade of rich velvety violet-crimson. Per Packet, 2s. 6d. VEITCH'S CHELSEA CARMINE Flowers of a brilliant rosy-carmine colour. Per Packet, 2s. Sd. VEITCH'S CHELSEA BLUE. Flowers of a beautiful rich blue colour. Per Packet, Ss. 6d. VEITCH'S CHELSEA ROSE. A pretty and attractive variety, of acharmingrose-pink colour. Per Packet, 3s. 6d. VEITCH'S RED. The best red variety, exceedingly floriferous, of fine form and substance. Per Packet, 2s. 6d. THE liUEEN. Much the largest white variety in cultivation. Per Packet, 3s. 6d. For full descriptions of the above and other Choice Novelties and Specialties, see SEED CATALOGUE for 1888, forwarded Gratis and Post-free on application, JAMES VEITCH & SONS, Royal Exotic Nursery, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS DIRECT FROM THE FIELDS! CANNELL'S e^ NATURAL NATURE makes it an IMPERATIVE FACT that KENT possesses a more favovirable CLIMATE and SOIL than any other county in England (perhaps even in Europe) for the pro- duction and RIPENING of Seeds, also in COLOURING, BRIGHTNESS, PLUMPNESS —the Force of Life or Germinating Power stronger to withstand unfavourable weather, and far MORE PROLIFIC. Coming from a cal- careous subsoil, the thorough change (SO ESSENTIAL) makes the yield of our seeds marvellously rich and productive. Further, we are determined that the purchaser shall have the CHOICE and ADVANTAGE of Seeds DIRECT from the ACTUAL GROWERS, and thus avoid the risk and deterioration where seeds are bought H. CANNELL & SONS, SWANLEY, KENT. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. By the late Sir JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. Price 3d., post-free 3Jd. ; twenty-five copies, 5s. ; fifty, 10s. : and one hundred, 20s. Parcels of not less than 25 delivered. Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than 100 Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ; " Advertisement a and Bueinees Letters to "The Publieher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richakts, at the Office of MeBsrs. BiUDBUKy, Agnew it Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the ■aid WlUJAM BiCBAIU)S, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Gaxdeu, in the said County.— Satubday, January 14, 1868. Agent for Manchester— J oHJf UsywoOD. -m CANNELL'S ADVANTAGES. and sold half-a-dozen times between the SAVERS to the SOWERS. Our Illustrated Catalogue for the Garden contains a vast amount of invaluable information on high-class culture and gardening, and enables amateurs to be supplied with the BEST of all WANTS FROM THE GROWERS. Replete with 550 Engravings, Two large Views of our SEED FARM, The TWO HARD WORKERS, and Three magnificent COLOURED PLATES of New and Improved Plants and New Invaluable Vegetables — so im- portant to successful prizetakers. The whole are really a gift to the nation. Post-free to Previous, Present, and Coming Customers. Established i84i No. 56.-VOL. III. {iZ^} SATUEDAY, JANUAEY 21, 1888. Regt. aa a Newspaper. -T ° f" ^ ^ 3d. I Post-free. 3id. CONTENTS. Adiantum Capillua-Vene- ria var. imbricatum ... 72 iEranthus Grandidierianus 72 Amaryllidese. handbook of 81 Araucaria of New Guinea 82 Bedding-out 86 Bee plants 86 Brugmansia culture ... 84 Botanical Magazijie ... 81 Bulb garden 83 Cattleya Lamberhurst Hybrid 73 Christmaa Eosea 77 Chrysanthemum judges... 85 Coffee at home 76 Cultural memoranda ... 83 Dendrobium strebloceras Rossianum 72 Sinner-table decorations . 76 Drying Orchid flowers ... 82 Eriostemon obovalis fl.-pl. 84 Fema. Tints in 73 Florists' flowers 83 Flower garden 79 Foliage plants, a bed of ... 83 Forestry 84 Fruits under glass ... 79 Gardening appointment . 94 Gardeners' Orphan Fund 85 „ Royal Benevolentln- Btitution 80 I Hardy fruit garden ... 72 the Herbaceous border Invention :^ Myticuttah, the Kitchen garden ... Lapageria rosea in open air Law note : — DuDsdon V. Moss Light and flowers Mahemia odorata Midland Horticultural In- stitute Mormodes paxdinum var. unicolor Obituary : — J. Day, Tottenham Oncidium chrysorhapis ... Orchid houses ,, notes Orchids at The Dell, Eg- ham Paphinia cristata Modi- glianiana Peas, the two best Plants under glass Potatos, price of Rainfall of 1887 Sarracenias overgorged ... Society : — Royal Horticultural Tubers Weather, the 82. 85 .. 71 ... 87 ILLUSTRATIONS. ' Adiantima Capillus- Veneris, var. imbricatum ' Coffee berries i Eriostemon obovalis fl.-pl i Foliage plants, bed of, at Wilhelmshdhe ... J Myticuttah, the .. 73 .. 77 .. 85 0, 81 .. 84 Back Numbers of the " Gardeners' Chronicle." : NOTICE.— All Back Numbers of the ''Gardeners ChronicW^ are now 3d. each. i Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, ijL. under no circumstances whatever, can any |H particular position be guaranteed for ad- ■ vertisements occupying less space than an ; entire column. ' rpHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE J. IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is 04.30 for Twelve Months. Agent for America :— C. H. MAROT, 814. Chestnut Street, ;' Philadelphia, U.S.A., to whom American Orders may be sent. Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d. J HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. II.. Third Series. JULY to DEC. 1887. W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE.— For the best Vegetables, Potatos, and Flowers, see the new edition of this popular work ; beautifully illustrated, and containing exhaustive articlea, entitled — "A Year's Work in the Vegetable Garden," "The Culture of Mushrooms in the Open Air." \s., post free, or gratis to customers ordering goods value 20j. and upwards. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. Garden and Flower Seeds, Spring Bulbs, &c. CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., • Haarlem, Holland. WHOLESALE CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to Messrs. R. SILBERRAD 1J«D SON. 25. Savage Gardens. Crutched Friars, London. E.C. Faxlelgh Prolific Damsons. VICTORIA PLUMS. MORELLO, MAYDUKE, and other CHERRIES. [TTUGH LOW AND CO. offer the above, of ' J--*, very fine quality, in dwarf and two-year-old untrimmed ' Trees, at very low prices. Clapton Nursery, London, E. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUM (Japanese), SARAH OWEN, two Firstclass Certificates. Golden Bronze sport from Madame John Lainf : fine for exhibition. Plants, ready March 1, 35. 6^. each. ROBT. OWEN, Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead. CHARLES TURNER'S New LIST for 1888 is ready, and may be had free on application. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. REES and SHRUBS for Game Coverts and Underwood. Intending Planters should send for CATA- LOGUE, Free on application. RICHARD S>UTU AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. A Few Large Healthy PA L M Sf 3 to 5 feet high, for immediate disposal — Latauia borbonica, Seaforthia elegans, ChameBrops excelaa, and Phoenix reclinata — from \Qa, per pair. GARDENER, Holly Lodge. Stamford HiU, London, N. r CAMELLIAS for SALE.— A few healthy \J Plants, full of Flower-Buds, of the very best %'ariety, height from 2 to 6 feet, and are now well covering a stage 20 feet square. Address, J. HARRIS, The Gardens. Ingatestone. Essex. The Finest and Best Cabbage of the Season. READING UEFIAJnCE.— Awarded First- class Certificate by the Reading Horticultural Society. This grand Cabbage can be obtained from the principal Seeda- men in the Kingdom, or from the introducers, OAKSHOTT AND MILLARD. Seedsmen to the Queen, Reading. ADDINGTON and CO., Wholesale Florists, 44a, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, W.C. ■wish to communicate with Growers and Others having CUT FLOWERS and FOLIAGE to Dispose of. Trade references given. EO. CLARKE and CO., Commission Flower Salesmen, Flower Market, CoventGarden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE and DISPOSE of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity, at Best Market Prices. Remittances daily or weekly as desired. — 13, Crown Court, Covent Garden. W.C. r^HARLES HART, " The " Nursery, Beau- V^ mont Road, Leyton. Essex, and Stands Nos. 90 and 91, Flower Market, Covent Garden W.C, is prepared to BUY and SELL CUT FLOWERS on Commission. Remittances for- warded daily or weekly as desired. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nurserymen, Sidcup, and 285, 286. 287, 288, Flower Market, CoTent Garden, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Tel«graph Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP." Q QUELCH AND B ARNH AM, O North Row, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN TO DIS- POSE OF any quantity of MUSCATS and BLACK GRAPES. TOMATOS, CUCUMBERS, FRENCH BEANS, STRAW- BERRIES, CHOICE FLOWERS, &c. Highest Market Prices obtained. Account Sales daily : Cheques weekly or as preferred by Sender. Baskets and Labels supplied. References given. ANTED, WHITE FLOWERS. Good prices. Remittance same day. GEORGE PHIPPEN, F.R.H.S., Reading. WANTED, HOLLYHOCKS, Show PINKS, CARNATIONS, HEPATICAS, POLYANTHUS, Gold- laced ; Double Fancy and Pompon DAHLIA ROOTS, HER- BACEOUS PLANTS. Lowest ca.ih by 100, all named sorts. Address P., 163, Philadelphia, Norwich. ANTED, in the Trade, 100 LIME TREES, 6 to 7 feet. W. HORNE. Perry Hill, Cliffc, near Rochester. ANTED, Large Specimens of PALMS, such as SEAFOBTHIAS, KENTIAS, ARECAS, CORY- PHAS, LATANIAS, &c. State lowest cash price to W. WEEKS, Nurseryman, 410, Kulham Rond, S.W. ANTED, a good Second-hand LAWN MOWER for Horse- Power. Apply to Mrs. HUNT, The Grange, Ramsdon, near Cbarlbury, Ozou. w The Book for a Cliristmas Present to Gardeners. VINES and VINE CULTURE. The moat complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5j., post-free 55. 6d. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswi«k. Full of Useful Informatlon-No Charge. BARR'S 1888 SEED CATALOGUE, now ready. In addition to the usual valuable information, will be found special remarks on the Culture of the TOMATO and TOBACCO as INDUSTRIES, with a Special List of HIGH- CLASS POTATOS. handsome in form, pleasant in flavour, and bountiful croppers. CATALOGUE free on application to BARR AND SON. King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. LADIOLUS.— The very best in cultivation, as well as the best leading varieties. Descriptive LIST Free on application. RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Seed Merchants and Nursery- men, Worcester. FINEST LILY OF THE VALLEY CROWNS for Early Forcing, by Gustay A. Sobultz, Berlin. For price write to JACOB AND VALENTIN, 66, Cheapside, London, E.C. H 0 I C E GERMAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES frse on application. FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. ALM SEEDS.— Write for Special Offer to the Trade, and samples, to H. DAMMANN, Jun., Breslau, Germany. Fresh to hand now are Areca, Kentia, Phoenix. RavenaJA, Sabal, &c. ; also Araucaria imbricata. DIANTUM CUNEATUM.— Strong plants in thumb-pots, quite lit for repotting into 48's, 15a. per 100. Cash with order. WILLIAM MITCHELL, Nurseries, Enfield Highway. White Lilac. WHITE ENGLISH LILAC. Forced and Sold by KDROST, Kew Nursery, Richmond, S.W., • and 30. Covent Garden Flower Market. W.C. Any quantity to bo had at a minute's notice. Teleqraphic Addbess— •■ DROST, RICHMOND, SURREY." SPECIMEN CONIFERS, TREES for Avenues, EVERGREENS and FOREST TREES in great variety. CATALOGUES Free ou application. RICHARD SMITH iHD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. EO. WILSON, Kilmeny, Hawick, N.B., will be glad to have offers to supply a large number of PONTICUM and HYBRfD RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS. COTONEASTERS, ULiHONIA AQUIFOLIA. AU bushy plants with*ood roots. BLACIiBERRIES— For Gardens— Fields— Railway Banks, &c. — The most suitable variety for this country is Vertegans' Best of All, 7s. per dozen ; Wilson Junior, 6s. per dozen. Home-grown ; carriage and packing free. For novelties not to be found in other Catalogue, see Vertegans* Illustrated LIST of Specialties, post-free. VERTEGANS, Chad Valley Nurseries, Birmingham. RUCE FINDLAY PEA, the sweetest and most prolitic. See testimonials in KELWAY AND SON'S Manual for 1888.— Langport. Somerset. C^ RAPE VINES, most excellent Canea, best X varieties, 3s. ^., 5s.. 7s. 6ti. Descriptive LIST Free. RICHARD SMITH AND CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants. Worcester. SPARAGUS PLANTS.— For Sale, a large quantity of Asparagus Plants, just fit for plauling-out. Apply to Mr. W. WATFORD, Wyatt's Farm, Reigate; or to Messrs. W. and H. STACEY. Auctioneers. Redhill, Surrey. n. LASCELLES and CO., Horticultural Builders, 121, BUNHILL ROW. LONDOIC. E.C Plan;! and Estimates Free. See large Advertisement, February 4. w 66 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jancakt 21, 1888. SALES BY AUCTION. Wednesday Next, Important consignment of JAPANESE LILIES, received direct for unreserved Sale. 10,000 LILIUM AUKATUM. 11.000 LILIUM LONGIFLORUM. 1600 various LILIES, comprising Wittei, nibro vittatmn, macranthum, speciosum album and rubrum, Hansoni, Leichtlinii, elegana, eximum, Krameri, Batemanniie, elegaus incomparabele. and lungiflorum albo marginatum. MESSRS. PROTHEUOK and MORRIS will include tho above important consigiiinent of LILIES in their SALE on WEDNESDAY NEXT, the 25th inst. On view moruinga of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday and Saturday Next. SALES of Standard and Dwarf ROSES, GREENHOUSE PLANTS, PALMS, a consignment of CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, and other plants from Belgium; LILIUM AURATUM from Japan, an extensive assortment of English-grown LILIES, including most of the principal varieties, IKIS. DAFFODILS, LILY of the VALLEY. TUBEROSES. Dutch BULBS, &c. MESSES. I'ROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C., on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY NEXT, January 25 and -38, at Iialf-past 12 o'clock precisely each day. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. 2i>00 ODONTOGLGSSUM ALEXANDRJE for Unreserved Sale, and a large assortment of well-grown ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapnide, Lendon, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, January 27, at half-past 12 o"Cloek precisely, a splendid consignment of about 2000 ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXAN- DR-E, received in very fine condition, and including aquantity of unusually large masses. The Sale will also include a choice selection, of beautifully grown ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Flowering Orchids.— Special Sale, January 31. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to announce that their next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD will take place as above, for which they will be glad to receive notice of Entries as early as possible. Eltham.— Expiration of Lease. Important CLEARANCE SALE of General NURSERY STOCK, extending over upwards of 30 Acres of Ground. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are instructed by the Executrix of the late Mr. J. W. Todman to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Eltham Nursery, Eltham. close to the railway station, on MONDAY, February 13 and two following days, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day. the First Portion of the valuable NURSERY STOCK, including about 50,000 Evergreen and Coniferte Shrubs in various sizes, consisting of 10,000 Laurels. 2000 Hollies, loOO Rhododendrons. 4000 Cupressus and Thuias, 1500 Firs, 5000 Privet, &c. : 5000 Deciduous Shrubs, 10.000 strong Quick, a fine assortment of handsome specimen Border Slirubs, 4000 Standard Roses, 60(iO SUmdard, Pyramid and Trained Fruit Trees, 3000 Forest Trees, and 150 loads of Manure and Loam, May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and Leytonstone, E. Wednesday and Saturday Next. Several hundred choice nauK'd Standard and Dwarf ROSES, Pyramid and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES of sorts, ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS, a fine lot of Hardy BORDER PLANTS. LILY of the VALLEY, SPHLEAS, Home-grown LILIES, in variety. GLADIOLI. Sec. MR. J. 0. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY NEXT, January 25 and 28, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day. On view raoming of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7605.) VALUABLE IMPORTED ORCHIDS. PALUMBINA CANDIDA— large Importation. C(ELOGYNE OCELLATA— fine masses. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, .^8, King Street' Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, January 26, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, a large and very fine importation of the pretty and rare PALUMBINA CANDIDA, in the best possible condition, com- prising masses of unusual size. This beautiful species produce stout erect spikes, with several fine pure white blossoms on each, lasting in Hower for a considerable time. Also fine impor- tations of the following ORCHIDS in extra condition : — Vanda coerulea, Ca-logyne ocellata, fine masses ; Pleione Wallichiana, P. humilis. Cymbidium giganteum, CoJax jugosus. Scuticaria Hadweni, lonopais paniculata, Cattleya crispa, Oucidium cur- tvni, Zygopetalum Mackayi. large masses; Cattleya Dor- maniana. together with splendid plants of the beautiful and rare Utricularia nelumbifulia. This species is very showy ; its flowers are large, and prodiired on erect spikes, some 3 inches across, and of a beaut if ul_blue. And many other choice and dj^irable species. ' On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7605.) 10,000 ULIUM Al'RATL'M and other bulbs, just received from .Tap;in in the finest possible condition. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE bv AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on TH0KSDAY NEXT. January 26, at half-past 13 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Twickenham. "SMITH'S" STRAWBERRY GARDENS, oE nearly 2 acres, with 19 Greenhouses and Pits. Fine stoelt of Strawberr Plants, Set:., with possession. MR. CHANCELLOR, Auctioneer, Ricbmnnd, will SELL the .ihove by AUCTION on .MO.SDAY NEXT, January 2:i. at Richmond. Halstead'3 Nurseries, Scotforth, Lanoasi. r I'NRESERVED SALE by the Sheriff. MR. CHAS. R. COMPSTON will SELL by AUCTION as above, on MOND.AY, .Tanuary 30, and following days (under a Sheriff's execution), the whole of the above extensive NURSERY STOCK, comprising Forett, Fruit, and Ornamental Trees, Thorns, Shrubs, Evergreens, ani Roses in great variety. Catalogues from the Auctioneer, 1, New Koad, Lanca.=ter., TO BE DISPOSED OF, 4 Acres of MARKET GARDEN and STRAWBERRY GROUNDS, with Resi- dence and Glasshouses, including fine Stock of Strawberry Plants. Lease, i^ years. Rent, £61 per auniim. I'rice, £350. Apply to iMr. CHANCELLOR, Richmond. OR SALE, LAND suitable for a Nursery or Market Garden, near a Railway Station in a town where there is a good opening either for a Nursery or Market Garden, or both. Advantageous terms of purchase offered. For full particulars, apply to P., Hammett's Library. Taunton. To Nurserymen, Market Growers, and Others. FOR SALE, LAND, in large or small quantities suitable for Nurseries or Market Growing. Neur Railway Stations. H. J. E. BRAKE, Farnborough, Hant;*. OR SALE, a Small NURSERY, SEED, and FLORIST'S BUSINESS, in first-rate locality. Price dElOti. Small stock at valuation. Apply. E. D., 1, Minton Villas, Tjxbrjdge Roa*:l. Ealing Dean. OR SALE, a Large GREEJJHUUSE, in good condition, with Side Lights and Ventilating Gearing. For particulars apply to T.. Mr. Hanwell. Woods;toLk. Oxon. '■[''O LET, a Small FLORIST BUSINESS, near -L Richmond, House and Shop. First-class position. Walled-in Ground with Glass in rear. Long Lease. A. B.. 12. Kenwood Road, Gomm Road. Southwark Park, S.E. To Florists. TO LET, ON LEASE, Three-quarters of an Acre of L.^ND. in open locality, with Span-roof House, thoroughly Heated, and New Cottage, Woodlands Nursery, Barnes Common. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul- tural Market Garden and EsTAg:*: AucxioKEEga and Valuers, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, .JC.C., and at Leyton- stone, E. Moiithly Horticultural Register had on application. ''PHE ROCKS at BATTERSEA PARK, JL said to be a true imitation of Nature but allowed to be overgrown, and the other so-called good examples at HIGHNAM COURT and BEARWOOD. recorded in this Journal recently, were all executed by PULHAM AND SON, BROXBOURNE. ORCHIDS An immense Stoclc. Thousands Sho-wing for Bloom. NEW CATALOGUE OF ORCHIDS AND OTHER PLANTS, Free on application to THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, THE VINEYARD & NURSERIES, GABSTON, near LIVERPOOL. Clirysantliemimis. MESSRS. W. AND G. DROVER are now- Booking Nam^s for their NEW JAPANESE W. G. DROVER, 3s. 6(f. ; Cuttiu" Plants. 6s. Certificated South- ampton, Birmingham. National, January 11 and 12. CATA- LOGUE, .3rf. Nurseries, Fareham. BEGONIA SEED.— Sixpenny Packets, post- frei Id.; all colours, mixed or separate. Finest giant single varieties. Crimson, scarlet, pink, rose, white, yellow, orange, salmon. Larger packet^?, Ix. The best and cheapest procurable. Sow now. — JOHN" R. BOX (for 10 years sole part- ner with J. Laing), Seedsman and Regonia Grower, Croydon. The Supplement to W THOMPSON'S CATALOGUE of • FLi )WER SEEDS for the present season is now pub- lished, and .should be seen by all Amateurs of New and Rare Plants. It includes Seeds not to be found in any other European Catalogue. Post-free. 34, Tavern Street, Ipswich. NEW PEA, *'XL ALL."—" The seed of j *XL ALL' Was sown rather late (.June 10). but notwith- standing this and the unfavourable season for late Peas. | ' .KL. A1-.L' proved to be a valuable acquisition. It has a [ strong and robust constitution and branching habit of growth, coupled with an immense crop of tine large pods, each con- i taining 8 to 9 fine Peas. This tends to prove it a late variety i of great value. I think it cannot fail to satisfy the most exacting of Pea-growers. I have this day (October 8) had a i disli cooked, and, as a true Marrow, its colour and flavour leave nothing to be desired." 2,1. 6rf. per sealed Pint Packet, Is, i&d. per sealed Half-pint Packet. Post-free. To be had from the principal Seed Houses, or direct from KENT AJJD BRYDON, Seed Merchants. Darlington. Clir;Baiithemums. GEORGE STEVENS' Splendid CHRY- SANTHEMUMS gained more Prizes last season than any ether exhibitor. Well-rooted Plants, Incurved and Japanese, ^n pot3 supplied by J. Orute, patentee of the celebrated CoQCiPe Flower Pot^', 500? being used in this Nursery for lUJj nin^. Plant*!, 4';. cer do?en ; Cuttings. 2s. per dozen. For pnces o' ne*v varieties see CATALOGUE sent on application. J i7.ti W't^ orders, i'j ensure success a chang« in plants and >3ts H V3rv e-Jsenti L . — 14, Knightrider Street, London, E.C. Ai^l^AKAU u !>, grand Roots for Forcing, 25. per dozen, 12s. 6rf. per 100; strong, for planting. 2s. 6d. per 100. SEAKALE, forcing, 2s. 6rf. per dozen, 16s. per 100 ; planting, 2s. per dozen, 12s. 6rf. per 100. RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserj-men and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. Fox Coverts.— Game Coverts. JOHN PERKINS and SON offer strong transplanted ; — BLACKTHORN, 1} to 3 feet, and 2 to 3 feet. PRUNUS MYRODULANA, IJ to 2 feet, and 2 to 3 feet. ' LAURELS, Common, IJ to 2 feet, and 2 to 3 feet. PRn'ETS, Evergreen, IJ to 2 feet, and 2 to 3 feet. At very low prices. Billing Road Nurseries, Northampton. To the Trade. Home-grown VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE are now prepared to • make special offers of their fine selected stoeks of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS, all of which they have harvested in splendid condition. The prices will be found very advantageous to purchasers. Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech. The New Raspberry. LORD BEACON SFIELD. (A Seedling.) The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever Itnown. First- class Certificate, Royal Horticultural .Society, 1883. Strong Canes, £3 per 10L> ; 9s. per dozen. Smaller Canes, 6s. per dozen. Trade supplied. Cash with order. A. FAULKNOR. Inlipen, Hungerford. J THE "NEW LATE (>R;A-P E, j ••WHITE GROS COLMAR." , '\ First-class Certificate of the Royal Horticultural Society of ; Ireland. Planting Canes. 21s. ; Fruiting Canes, 42s. each. Descriptive LIST on application. JAMES DICKSON & SONS, "Newton" Nurserlesi Chester. ' FREESIA REFRAGTA ALBA. An importation of this beautiful pure white sweet-scented bulb lias just come to hand. We are prepared to quote them ] at extremely low prices on application. HURST AND SON. Seed Merchants, 152, Houndsditch. London, E. . i CATALOGUES. THE NURSERIES, KING'S ACRE,^ HEBEFOBD. {Established 1785.) JOHN CRANSTON & GO. beg to announce that their Descriptive Catalogues of ROSES, FRUIT TREES, FOREST TREES, RHODODENDRONS, CLEMATIS, and other HARDY TREES and SHRUBS, are now published ; and which they will be pleased to forward on application. Special Offers will be made for Large Contracts. Jaitoakt 21, 1888.] TEE GABDENERS' CEBONIGLE. 67 PALM S. — A few hundreds, -well-grown, strong and healthy. Seaforthia elegans, Latanja borbonica, Phopnix reclinata, 12 inches high, 4s. per dozen, 30a". per 100. Packages and Carriage free. Latania borbonica, Seaforthia elegans. Phoenix reclinata, and Corypha australis, 20 to 24 inches high, Is. 6rf. each, 165. per dozen. Seaforthiii elegans, Latania borbonica. Phoenix reclinata, Enterpe edulis, and Areca lutescens, 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet high, 35. to 5s. each. Fine feathery-foliaged Seaforthia elegans, 4 feet high, 15s. per pair. GARDENER. HoUy Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N. QA AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the U\/^\/V/V/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some of the flo^vers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climoing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^inch pots, 2s. M, each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SJIITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. SMALL SHRUBS and CONIFER^.— Araucaria imbricata, 8 to 9 inches, 40s. per 100. Abies Orientalis', 8 to 9 inch, 12s. per 100. American Arbor-vitEe, 10 to 12 inches, 50s. per 1000. Cupressus Lawsoni, 12 to 15 inches, 60s. per 1000. Cupressus erecta viridis, 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per 1000; ditto, 1| foot, extra, 12s. per 100. Cupressus stricta, 6 to 8 inches, 40s. per 1000 ; ditto, 1^ foot, 14s. per 100. Pinus instgnis, 1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinus Cembra, 2 years, 10s. per 1000. Pinus Nordmanni, 2 years, 6s. per 100. Pinus excelsa, 1 year, 4s. per 100. Pinus canariensis, 1 year, os. per 100. Retinospora plumosa, 10 to 12 inches, 10s. per 100. Retinospora squarrosa, 6 to 8 inches, 4s. per 100; ditto, 10 inches, 8s. per 100. Thuia Lobbii, 10 to 15 inches, 40s. per 1000. Thuiopsis dolabrata, 6 to 8 inches, 4s. per 100 ; ditto, 12 inches, fine, 12s. per 100. Yew, English, 8 to 9 inches, 6s. per 100. Laurel, Portugal, 8 to 9 inches, 6s. per 100. Common Laurel, 12 to 14 inches, 3.5s. per 1000, Rhododendron ponticum, 4 to 6 inches, BOs. per 1000 ; ditto, 2 to 3 inches, 30s. per 1000. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. TREES and SHRUBS suitable for Towns and Smoky Districts. CATALOGUE Free on application. RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester, Lazton's Bedford Seeds. l>9r: IN PRIZES.— Exhibitors should send for miI.leBAi,8AMS. l.CHES—Maida Vale, Twickenham, Paris and New York. The Crimson-banded Lily of Japan, LILIUM AURATUM RUBRO VIHATUM. This variety has a crimson band down the petals instead of a golden one. It is the most superb Lily known. A few native bulbs just arrived. Price 10s. Qd. each, Post-free. HOOPER ft CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, London. V.C. WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE. WF HAVE NOW PUBLISHF.D OUH WHOLESALE CATALOGUE OF VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS, Containing also all the best Xovelties of the Season. Ulay be had on application. Any of our Customers not having recei%'ed one by Post will oblige by letting us know, when another shall at once be Posted. WATKINS & SIMPSON, Si^ed and Bulb Jlerohants, EXETER STREET, STRAND. LONDON, W.C. Seed uud Trial Grouud.s; Feltham andTwiokeiihani, Middlesex. ROSES 20 Acres. Well-rooted, many shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the best kinds. UUSHES, K. S. & Co.'s selection, 8s. per dozen, 60s. per 100. STANDARDS, 1.5s. per dozen, 10.5s. per 100. Packing and Carriage Free for cash with order. These Wurld-famcd ROSES cannot fail to i/ii'e the greatest satifaction. ROSES IN POTS; all the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18s. to 36«. per dozen. Descriptive List free on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. FERNS A SPECIALTY. An IMMENSE STOCK, In SPLENDID CONDITION. CATALOOUE, of over 1300 speciea and varieties, including Descriptive "List of New, RutK, axd Choice Ferns," and " HARDY NORTH AMERICAN Ferns," free od application. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSEST, SALE, MANCHESTEB. brfSH-CANNELL .no SONS KinMPLETffiH^2^.C0LLECT.ON SEEOS^ ^^^ VEaETABL|OAR0^N. SEEDS J Vegetable, Flower, and Farm, Carefully Selected, AND FROM WHICH MAT BE EXPECTED THE BEST RESULTS E7EB TET ATTAINED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Infor- mation, Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., Seed Merchants and Nurserymen, WORCESTER. PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES. MR. COOPER, F.R.H.S., OF CALCOT GARDENS, READING, BERKS, IS THE LARGEST GROWER OF NUT TREES FOR SALE IN THE KINGDOM. Price Lists and Pamphlets on application. VEGETABLE ^ FLOWER SEEDS Seed Putatos, TOOLS, &c. ALL OF FINEST QUALITY. Carriage Free. Priced Catalogue Post Free. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS, CONFIDENCE CHESTER CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWTJ. — Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price, ^s. per bushel (Ir. extra per bushel for package), or M. i>er cake ; free by parcel post, \i. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with oursignatuxe attached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON (Limited), Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N. N E W- G E N TJ I N E— B E I, I A B I. E. JARMAN'S SEEDS, POST-FREE or CARRIAGE PAID. Laxge Illustrated Catalogue sent firee on application. THE PEOPLE'S SEEDSMAN (Registered), CHA&D, SOSCEBSETSHIBE. THE EARLIEST PEA IN THE WORLD CARTERS' LIGHTNING. "FOUR DAYS EARLIER THAN RINGLEADER." — Mr. nihon. Gardener to tke Most Noble the Marquis of Hartington. "TEN DAYS EARLIER THAN FIRST and BEST."— .Vr. Babone. Gardener to the Right Hon. .the Earl of Shrewsbury/. EVERY GROWER OF EARLY PEAS SHOULD TRY THIS NOVFJ.TY. Price In Sealed Packets, 2s. 6d. per pint; post-free, 2s. lOd. CARTERS, Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrant. 237 238 HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. £x.£axJiu,it»u^f^u>«X£',H/oot^. : : <$i£«4 L SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE-ONLY- FROM sutton&sons,readinc BURPEE'S orrnQ AMERICAfjOLLUO -W. ATXiEE BURPEE &. CO., Of PHILADELPHIA, beg to announce that their SPECIALLISTofAMERICAN SEEDS FOR 1888 Is Now Beady, and will be forwarded FREE TO AIX on appli- cation. It describes RARK NOVELTIES In Vegetables and Flowers of real value, which cannot be ootained elsewhere. All Seeds kept In stock at their LONDON Warehouse, 133, CAHNOH STREET, and forwarded Free per Parcels Post. W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO./^*"^*-'!^^"s 5t, LiONDON, £.C. January 21, 1888.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 69 ANDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections of FRirrr and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS. CA- MELLIAS. ROSES. SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES. &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Hononr at the Universal Exhibition at Paris 1878. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON akd SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.G. LARGE SHRUBS and CONIFER^.— American Arbor-vifje, 2 to 2J feet, 16s. per 100; ditto, 3 to 3J feet, 205. per 100. Aucuba japonica, 1^ to 2 feet, 30^. per 100. Berberis aqutfolia. 1 to 1^ foot. 505. per 1000. Box Trees, 2 feet, 205. per 100. Grislinia litoralis, ]^ foot, 30s. per 100. Laurel, Common, 2 to 2^ feet, 105. per 100. Laurel, Portugal, lA to 2 feet. 20s. per 100. Laurel, Colchic, 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 100 : ditto, 3 to 4 feet, 20s. per 100. Laurel, caucasicum, 3 to 3 feet, extra, 20s. per 100. Rhododendron ponticum, 1 foot bushy, 20s. per 100; ditto, 1^ to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; ditto. 2 to 2J feet, 40s. per 100 ; ditto, 3 to 3^ feet, 70s. per 100. White and other colours, strong and bushy, 70s. per 100. English Yews, 2 feet, 265. per 100. Abies Dou- glasii, 3 to 4 feet, 35s. per 100; ditto, 4 to 5 feet, 45s. per 100. Araucaria imbricata, 1| to 2 feet, 245. per dozen ; ditto, 2 to 2^ feet, 36s. per dozen ; ditto, 3 to 3^ feet, 50s. per dozen. Cupressus macrocarpa, 2 to 3 feet, 50s. per 100. Cupres-sus Lawsoni, 2to 3 feet. 20s. per 100. Cupressus erecta viridis, 2 feet, 30s. per 100. Pinus Nordmanni, 2 feet, 35s. per 100 ; ditto, 3 to 3^ feet, ISs. per dozen, Retinospora plumosa, 1^ foot, 205. per 100 ; ditto. 2 to 2^ feet, 30s. per 100. Retino- spora plumosa aurea, 1 to 1|^ foot, 50s. per 100. Retinospora squarrosa. 12 to 18 inches. 205. per 100 ; ditto, 2 to 2| feet. 50s. per 100. Thuia Lobbii. 2 to 2^ feet, 20s. per 100 ; ditto. 4 to 5 feet, 12s. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis, 2 to 2^ feet. 505. per 100. Thuia dolabrata. 1| to 2 feet, 185. per dozen ; ditto, 2 to 3 feet, 30s. per dozen. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. BTTT T50 Cflearance Sale. ULBS for Spring and Summer Blooming. All in fine condition. Prices greatly reduced. Price LIST free on application. BARR AND SON. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. ABIES DOUGLASII, transplanted, 12 to 14 inches, 30s. per 1000; 14 to IS inches, 405. per 1000; 18 to 24 inches. 5.55. per 1000 ; 20 to 30 inches. 65s. per 1000. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA. 18 to 24 inches, 455. per 1000. THUIA LOBBII. 18 to 24 inches. 15s. per 100. Please send for CATALOGUE. Offered for Sale by T. HATHERALL, Weybridge. __ 100 Herbaceous and Alpine Plants for 25s T^ICHARD SMITH and CO.'S selection as X\ above contains a most interesting and valuable assort- ment of beautiful and Hardy Plants for the Border or Rork- work, which produce flowers and render the garden attractire all through the year. New LIST of sixty-four pages Free. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. Trade Price Current Seeds. 1888. PETER LAWSON and SON (Limited), Edinburgh, have now Posted their Annual CATA- LOGUE of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS to their Customers, but should there be any not delivered Copies will be sent upon application. The ANNUAL CATALOGUE of AGRICULTURAL SEEDS will be published later on, meanwhile special offers will be made upon application. pREEPERS FOR WALLS.— By planting \_/ what is suitable, an ugly object may easily be made beautiful. Descriptive LIST and advice Free. RICHARD SMITIi AXD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. THE EARLIEST OF ALL POTATOS, "SHARPE'S VICTOR." Sharpe's Victor is a seedling raised from the Alma Kidney and the old early short-top round Potato. It is earlier thaii any present variety, and havinjra very short top it isfsiKvijilly suitable for frame cultivation. Its precocity is -^uch that it Ciin be had fit for the table in eifiht veeks or less from the time of jilanting. and there is no difficulty in securing new Potatos for the Table every day in the year. Victor is a flatt. ued roundish oral in shape, with a beautiful clear skin and extremely shallow eyes, being one of the handsomest as well as the' heaviest cropper of any variety adapted for Frame work, or for a first early crop outdoors. It is dry and mealy when cooked, and the flavour and the c)uality of the tle^h are superior to nearly every other variety at present in use. Several seasons' trials have fully confirmed all that has been said in favour of the \'ictor Potato. It is proved to be the earliest, most prnlific. and best flavoured of all the early Potatos ; and for Pot Culture is unrivalh-d. Price, 6d. per Pound. 71b. delivered free. VICTOR is very scarce this season, and Early Orders are respectfully requcMed. CHARLES SHABPE & CO., SLEAFORD. All Flower and Vegetable Seeds are supplied Post-free, and arrive wUMn 10 days after receipt of order. CHE. LORENZ, THE LARGEST AND OLDEST GERMAN SEED HOUSE, ERFURT. Before Orderiny YOl'R SEEDS FOR. THE SPRING, READ THF. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, for Owners of Gardens and Amateurs, of tbe Largest and Oldest Seed House on the Continent, and you "ill buy yourseeda much chenper than from any other firm. A' O IV MEAD y, the English Edition of LORENZ'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, with more than two hundred beautiful Engravings, and exact Cultural Direction-*, GRATIS AND POST-FREE. nn application, Postjige for Letters to Germany, 'J^d. Post Cards. Id. CHR. LORENZ, SEED GROWER & MERCHANT, Seedsman by Special Warrant to H.M. the Emprt-ss of Germany, H.M. the King of Saxony. li.M. the King of Bavariu. H.M. the King of the Ni-th'-rlands. 11. iM. th.* King of Roumuuia. H.M. th.- King of Serbia, II.K.H. til.- (ir.ind link-- of H.sso. H.H. the Ihike of Aiihiilt, 100-103, JOHN STREET, ERFURT.fc GERMANY. AU Flower and Vegetable Seeds are Supplied Post-fr^e, and arriTe within 10 da^s after receipt of order BCANNELL'S SEEDSS MS THE GREAT CONTEST! —Hitherto, through not competing, our exhibits did not receive that ■ comment it was thought they de- served; consequently we entered for competition at the Koyal Aquarium National Primula Show for tlie best collection, staging 20 lovely and distinct varietie-^. side by side with tho oldest, largest, and the most expert growers m England, aSo the greatest miscellaneous exhibitors, and the result was THE FIRST PRIZE. None of the others bore even the slightest comparison to ouis. Above and beyond tbe highest award we were presente.l wuh an ExTRAOBi'ixAKY Special Certificate beajiinu tj e FODLOWING WORDS :— " We hereby certify that this Certificate has been awarded to H. Cansell & Sons for an ezce/^en( representative collection of Primulas of high-class quality at the Exhibition of tl e National Society held January 11th, 1888. " JUDGES-! |!f5°^^' '?:^''^n ^^''''^. ( Signed, Geo. Gobdon. Together with Two First-class Certificates, which clearly demonstrates beyond all dispute, and is certainly the most con- clusive proof of the superiority of our varieties over all otherF. Theday previously, at the Royal Horticultural Society, thesame plants were unanimously granted the high distinction of a Silver-gilt Medal by the Floral Committee, and a First-cla^s Certificate. In addition, the oldest and ^ireate^it experts pro- nounced the collection THE liEST AND MOST COMPLETE EVER EXHIBITED. CANNELL'S WHITE PERFECTION (First-class Certificate) Seeds, 2s. 6d. per packet. ' CANNELL'S BLUE (First-class Certificate). 4s. per pncket. CANNELL'S SWANLEY RED (Fii^t-class Certifiaite), 2s. 6(^. per packet. CANNELL'S I.Ut'ROVEMENT (First-clnss Certificate). 4s. per packet. CANNELLSPHU'LE(First-ciassCertifirate).2s.0rf.perpacke'. CANNELL'S IRINCE OF WAL^CS (First-class Certificat. . 2s. Gd. per packet. CANNELL'S SWANLEY GIANT. 4s. per packet. CANNELL'S SWANLEY WHITE. 2s. tU. per packet. CANNELL'S DOUBLE. 5s. per packet. QUEEN OF WHrrES{First-class Certificate), 2s. erf-iier packet. THE QUEEN (First-cla'.s Certificate), 2s. fjd. per packet. BRAID'S SEEDLING(First-classCertiliciite).2s.(jrf. per packet. For full descriptions .Tnd particulars send for ours, the best and most reliable CATALOGUE on the Garden ever issued. Post-free. H. CANNELL & SONS, Tin; HUME of flowers. SWANLEY. KENT. OF SPECIAL CULTURE FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDGWORTH, HERTS. STRAWBERRIES. Strong Roots. 4s. per 100. Plants in small pots, 16s. per 100; ditto in large pots, 2.'is. per 100. Descriptive LIST free. RICHARD SMTTH axd CO., Nurserj-men and Seed Merchants, Worcester. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS, ALL AMERICAN SEEDLINGS. MRS. JOEL J. BAILEY (gained the Silver Cup at Philadel- phia. November 9. 1887. for the best seedliog on exhibition); GOLD. STARS AXD STRIPES. MAGNET, MARVEL. KIN- SESS. LUCRECE, THE BRIDE. MRS. MILL. (iEoKGE BfLLOCK. W. M, SINGERLEY. I'UBLIC LEDGER— all decided acquisitions. Price. 4s. each. Alao of Inst year's set— PURITAN. THOMAS CARTLEOE. ROBERT CRAIG. MRS. WANAMAKER. ALFRED WARNE. Price. 2s. each. I claim to have distributed all the following :—Moonliffht, Gorgeous. Mrs. Wheeler. Maggie Mitchell, President Artiiur. Gloruwum. J. Oollins. &c.— II. Watf.rfr. The finest white in cultivation is Mrs. Bullock, sent out by ni<» in 18fi6. Is. each. For LIST apply to H. WATERER {IMPOUTER of PLASrs „„d lICXEfl), 06, ((ORTH 38TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, y.f .A. 70 THE GAFDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januaby 21, 1888. "THE DANIELS" POTATO. Is the coming A cross between the While Elephant and MaRnum Bonum. having the unexcelled qualities of both. Keady to lift same time as White Elephant. An immense cropper, and of splendid table quality. All I'otato growers should try it. Price per peck, .3s. 6d, ; per bushel, 12s. id. : per sack, 305. From Mr. J. ERE, ISroom Park. CItotmry Mortimer. Oct. 29 :— "The seed Potatos, The Daniels, I bought of you last spring have turned out remarkably well in quan- tity as well as quality ; I had 286 lb. from 7 lb. ; not one diseased." From Mr. E. PTTT, Venlimr. ^TI". :— "From 2 lb. of your new Potato. The Daniels, I have raised 213 lb. , of splendid quality.'' A CHANGE OF SEED ALWAYS PAYS. Before ordering vour supply send for Daniels' Illus- trated Potato Catalogue, containing valuable hints on the Potato, with descriptions of nearly 200 kinds, and the latest Novelties. Gratia and Postrfree to all applicants. DANIELS' CUCUMBERS Are the Best in the World. DANIELS' DUKE OF NORFOLK. A miifi^nificent New Variety, immensely prolific. Handsome dork ^reen fruits, 18 to 24 inches long. Price 2s. 6rf. and hs. per packet. DANIELS' MASTERPIECE. A splendid New ^^^^iety, exceedingly handsome. Firstrclass for Exhibition, and unexcelled for table. Price 2s. 6rf. and hs. per packet. DANIELS BROS, '^l^^^, NORWICH. PEARL TUBEROSES. FINE GOOD SAMPLE. Consignment expected in a few days. Special Prices upon application. THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FAP.JI NUBSEKIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE-ONLY- FROM ' SUTTON&SQNS.READINC FRUIT TREES, SEVENTY-FOUR ACRES. APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, CHERRIES, PEACHES, NEC- TARINES, APRICOTS, and other FRUIT TREES, as Standards, Dwarfs. Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon, and Trained Trees, in great variety. VINES, esceUent Canes, 3.«. id. to 7s, 6rf. Orehard House Trees in pots, PEACHES, APRICOTS, NECTARINES, &t., from 5s. FIGS from 3s. id. DESCRIPTIVE LIST, contnining a sketch of the vjirious forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure, Pruning. Lifting, Cropping, Treatment under Glass , also their Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form, Skin. Colour, Flesh' Flavour, Use, Growth. Duration. Season. Price, &c.,freebypost' RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEEDS. WORCESTER, SHARPENS NOVELTIES. Pea — Sharpe's Victory ... per packet, Sa'. tirf. Pea — Sharpe's Empress, per half-pint, 2s. lod. Pea — Shiirpe's Queen per pint, .35. Pea— Sharpe's Sir F. A. Milb.mk. per pint, Is. (jrf. Pea— Sharpe's Triumph, per pint. Is. 6d. , Pea— Sharpe's Paragon, per quart, 2s. 6rf. //#/> Potato— Sharpe's Standard, / ^*»/ per pound. Is. Potato — Sliarpe's Victor, ]ieri)uund,6rf. Potato — Sharpe's Duke of Albany, pei stone, 2s. 6rf. Broccoli — Sharpe's Monarch, jier packet, 2s, 6rf. Broccoli — Sharpe's Selected Winter, pt-r packet, Is. Bean— Sharpe's Conqueror, per pint. Is. Cucumber- Sharpe's Epicur- ean, per jMckt-t, 2s, Beet — Sharpe's Enipi^ror, per packet. Is. Tomato — Sharpe's Eclipse, per packet. Is. Onion— Sliarpe's Pri/.e "Wliite Spanish, per packet. Is. ALL O/ SEEDS O/ CARRIAGE FREE. 5 PER CENT. DISCOUNT FOR CASH. SHARPE'S FECIAL ,^/gollections GARDEN ^ SEEDS. -For a Large Garden ^ I)i(tYj (.quantities proportionately j 4-Iiilto S reduced | 6 — For a Small Garden ti:is. 42s. 30s. 21s. I5s. -For a Cottage Garden 10s. id. 7 — For a Cottager's or Artisan's Garden .^s. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED 3IERCHANTS, S L, E A F O R D. PEAS. N E PLUS ULTRA About 15 Coombs for Sale. Apply to Mr. J. MUSTILL, St. Ives, Hunts. NOW READY, CARTERS' X- RKdISTEBED TRADE MARK. *" ■ "S^ TESTED! SEEDS Send One Shilling for a Catalogue, and deduct tbis sum when ordering. 237 23S Royal Sf.kds.men' hy Sealed Wabkants. HIGH HOLBORN. LONDON. VEITCH'S CHOICE NOVELTIES of Proved Excellence. VEITCH'S NEW PEA, AUTOCRAT. First-class Certificate Royal HorticuHural Society. ■ Enormously productive, bearinfi; an abundance of extra long, ma.s.sive, handsome, broad ((ods. closely filled with Peas of delicious flavour. Per jJtJit, 2s. 6d. RUNNERBEAN,GHELSEAGIANTWHITE The larf^est-podded variety in cultivation, abundantly prolitic, bearing in clusters enormous long, thick, fleshy pods. Per hiOf-pint pavket, 2s. ^d. CABBAGE, VEITCH'S EARLIEST OF ALL The earliest and best summer variety, of dvrarf, sturdy growth, with medium- si zed. good shaped, firm, and com- pact hearts. Per puclct, \s. CARROT, VEITCH'S SCARLET MODEL The finest and most perfect type of Ihe stump-rooted class. Grand for exhibition or table use. '' Per owice, l5. 6d. NEW ONION, VEITCH'S MAIN CROP. The lianilM_imfst ;nid li.^avi.'^t rroppinL^ varit^fy fur exliibi- tiou or gcner:il use. /'er oinire, Is. TOMATO, HACKWOOD PARK PROLIFIC Tico I'irst'class Certificate^ Jioyal Horticultural Society. The handsomest and heaviest cropping Tomato. Quality and flavour unsurpassed. Per packet. Is. Brf. For full descriptions of the above, and other Choice Novelties, see SEED CATALOGUE for U9>^,fortvardcd Gratis and Post Free on application. JAMES VEITGH & SONS, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, S.W. A 92-Page CATALOGUE, embellished with 109 ENGRAVINGS, (many of which, like th^ flowers they illustrate, are original), coasisting exclusively of FLOWER SEEDS. I have much pleasure in announcing that my New CATALOGUE of Flower Seeds is now ready, and has been Posted to all Customers, who will doubtless welcome it as a valuable Catalogue for reference, and to whom, I am sure, it will prove especially in- structive and attractive. Considering that its pages are devoted to Flower Seeds only, it is perhaps not too much to claim, that it is the Largest Catalogue of these ever published, and includes in its varied columns very many species and varieties, which can be procured from Tottenham only ; and while desirous to introduce a large amount of stuff not generally known, I have — as is my wont — had due and proper re- gard to the fact, that as a rule buyers do not care for specialties unless they are distinct and effective. All the novelties and varieties appear- ing in this Catalogue claim such a distinction. Copies may lie had Gratw and Post-free upon application. Kindly jnention this Paper when writing for Catalogue. THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, ^TOTTENHAM. LONDON, j jANnABT 31, 1888.] THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 71 By Royal a^ ^ «v ^^^ H.B.H. Warrants to TV^^-f ^^^ H.M. the aueenfeSMsSS Prince ofWales WEBBS' iNOVELTIES. ■WEBBS' JUBILEE TOMATO A handsome variety, of strong con- stitution, and enormously productive. Is. 6d. per packet. "WEB BS' MAY aUEEN BROCCOLI A. new variety, unsurpassed for size and quality. Is. 6a. per packet. WEBBS' MAHKET FAVOURITE CARROT Remarkably haudsome, and unsur- passed for early use. 0£ fioe quality. Is. 6d. per ounce. WEBBS' STOURBRIDGE GEM CUCUMBER The result of a cross between the well-known ports Prince of Wales and Telegraph. 2s. 6(1. per packet. WE BBS* CRITERION LEHUCE Large in size, handsome in shape, and excellent in quality. Is. per packet. WEBBS MELON BOTAL WABRANT A very early variety, perfectly distinct from any other kind. 2B. 6d. per pkt. WEBB S' KINVEB GLOBE SAVOY The heads are globular in shape, solid, and fine flavoured. Is. per pkt. NEW POTATOS FOR 1888. WEBBS' STOURBRIDGE GLORY (Main-crop Kidfiey), a Seedling from Woodstock Kiduey, 6b. per peck of 14 lb. WEBBS' EPICURE {Main-crop Kidney), a Seedling from Paterson's Victoria, l8. per pound. WEBBS' MASTERPIECE {Main-crop Bound), a cross between Magnum Bonum and White Elephant. l8. per pound. POTATOS— Introduced in 1887. Webbs' Wordsley Pride. 68. per peck of 14 lb. Webbs' Red King. 6S. per peck of 14 lb. Webbs' Renown. 6s. per peck of 14 lb. POTATOS~In'^^*^°^'^^° ^N 1886. Webbs' Benefactor, 5S. per peck of 14 lb. W«'blj-*' Kinver Hill. 5a. per peck of 14 lb. Webbn' Discovery, 5S. per peck of 14 lb. 'SW WEBBS' SPRINrCATALOCUE, I'utt .ffL-f, Is, (rrnti-i to Customurs. WEBB^SONS, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. B.S.WILLIAMS PRIZE FLOWER SEEDS, The Fuiest in Cultivation, Post-free. WILLIAMS' Prize Strain of CINERARIA (extra choice, mixed). Per Packet, I5. 6rf. and 2s. 6rf. A superb strain of very dwarf branching habit and strong cousti- tution. containing a great variety of colours. WILLIAMS' PRIZE COCKSCOMB. THE FINEST IN CULTIVATION. Has gained numerous First Prizes. I'er PiiL-kL't, 2s. til/. WILLIAMS' CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM, mixijii, cuntaiuing four vaiiLti-'s. r.T racket. . 6'./. CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, mixed. Per Packet, Is. 6rf. and 25. 6(/. The finest strain in ciiltivation. For varieties of Cyclamen in separate colours, see Illustrated Seed Catalogue. WILLIAMS' Prize Strain of GLOXINIA, CHOICE MIXED. Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6rf. This produces immense flowers of the mo^t brilliant and varied colours, both of the erect and drooping varieties. WILLIAMS' PANSY, Show Varieties. FINEST MIXED. Per Packet. \s. ami '2?. 6rf. PANSY, Fancy Varieties. FINEST MIXED. Per Packet, \$. and 2s. &d. Seed Saved from Pri/e Flowers. WILLIAMS' POLYANTHUS, CfOLD LACED. Per Packet. Is. 7'£:7(I' srPElilOU .STUAIX. Has taken numerous First Prizes. WILLIAMS' PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA. mixed p.^ckets, containing six varieties. Per Packet, Is. Orf. and 2s. 6fi. This supert) strain has stocxl the test for ^i> years, and never fiiils to take 1st i»ri/-eswliereverixbiliitrd. For iii'W Primnlas and siijmtIi strain of I'rinnda, see Illustnited Seed C'atiilogue. ^ Illustrated Seed CATALOGUE for 1888, Oralis and 1'o.it-frce on applieation. xx^;. [upper hollo way, LONDON .N.! I iMiiii II I m^ As a Supplement TO THE Gardeners' Chronicle FOB Nc.vt Week, Jan. 28, WILL BE Published an Ink-JPhotograph, REPRESENTING PHAIUS GRANDIFOLIUS AND RICHARDIA JETHIOPICA, Grown at Worksop Manor. THE SATURDAY, J AN U AMY -21, 1888. TUBERS.* " "fXTHAT causes determine the position and ' ' growth of tubers ? " This is the ques- tion stated by Dr. Viichting, now of Tubingen, late of Basle ; and it will be conceded by all who examine his attack on this problem that, whether he has brought it within the bounds of solution or not, he has, at any rate, obtained much instruct- ive information about it, and succeeded admir- ably in conveying the results to his readers. Tubers are usually regarded as of two chief kinds — stem-tubers and root-tubers. Only the former are dealt with here, and these again fall into two phy.s:ological classes ; for while some are perennial structures (e.g., Begonia, Cycla- men, Tropaeolum), others are developed annually in the autumn, &c., to sprout and pass away the following spring {e.i;., Potato, Helianthus tubero- sns, UUucus tuberosa). The perennial tubers behave differently from the annual ones in several respects ; they form at the apical end the leaf-shoot, and at the base (or all over the lower part) roots, the tissue of the tuber acting as a collar or " root-stock " to the plant. This " root-stock " gives up part of its reserve materials to the growing shoot in the spring, but the cells remain living and again fill with reserves in the summer. The annual tubers referred to produce leaf- shoots, but as a rule no roots ; and the parent tuber thus simply brings into existence the young new plant, and then dies off. In the present work Dr. Vochting deals with the tubers of the Potato at great length, and with those of Ullncus tuberosa, Helianthus tuberosus, and liegonias more shortly. First we have experi- ments proving that the inlluence of the surround- ing circumstances profoundly affects the mode of germination (sprouting) of the Potato tuber. If • On the Devtlopment of Tubers. By Dr. H. VdchtinR, iSMMheca Botanica, H. 4.) C».s«el. 1M7. I 72 THE GAIiDENERS' CHRONICLE. [jANCiHT 21, 1888. no water is added, the tubers in the light produce short, thick, green sprouts ; those in the dark form long, thin, pale outgrowths. Moreover, those in the dark begin to sprout much earlier, and carry on the processes more rapidly. Light alone, then, has a checking action on the growth. If tubers are allowed to sprout under such circum- stances that water is conveyed to the young roots, which develops from the shoots (not from the tubers themselves), the relative behaviour is the same, only the i-hoots produced from those in the light do not remain short and fat, but the internodes subse- quently formed develope, and richly branched leafy shoots are produced. In other words, although the ligh- checks the elongation of the lower internodes, it lia^ no such pronounced action on the later ones if plenty of water be supplied for their growth. Dr. Vcichting takes advantage of these and other pro- perties in devising experiments in what may be calle 1 the vivisection of the Potato. For instance, when he allows the tuber to sprout in the dark, with a minimum supply of water, the reserve substances from the parent tuber collect gradually in the apical and axillary buds of the shoot, and simply form young tubers ; in other words, by preventing the tuber from growing out normally, it re-arranges its reserves in a series of young tubers and so delays the growth for the present year, ready to renew it twelve months later. In other cases, the author succeeded in making the tuber, planted half in and half out of the soil, act as a root- stock ; tubers were developed on stolons from the base of the planted tuber, the leafy shoots from its exposed apex. The interesting point is that the plastic substances from the leaves, &c., must here have passed through the planted tuber. In other cases the tubers were compelled to develope in the leafy parts exposed to the light and air. By carefully cutting off and removing the tuber and stolons below the surface of the earth, and seeing that only roots were allowed to enter the soil, the author succeeded in keeping the whole of the tuber- forming substances above ground. The result was that the young Potatos developed in the axils of the ordinary leaves — in fact, the reser\'e materials from the leaves passed into the axillary buds, which grew larger and larger, and stored them up, thus becoming converted into Potatos. Dr. Vochting also developes Potatos from cuttings, and comes to the conclusion that it is a matter of importance which end of the cutting is planted ; he finds that internal causes determine that roots and tubers shall normally be developed at the basal ends, the leafy parts at the apices ; nevertheless, experiment shows that it is possible to so arrange matters that the influence of the environment is stronger than the influence of the internal (and inherited) disposition, and he can so arrange matters that tubers spring from the apex. It would require a chapter to itself to enter into the discussion which rages about this conflict between the influence of the present environment and the flo-called " internal disposition " of plants, and we must refer readers to the original for further details. One of the most interesting experiments in the book shows that although under normal conditions the young tubers fill with starch as they grow, it is possible to have them first developing and growing larger and larger by the division of their cells, and then filling with reserve materials later on — in fact, two physiological processes which normally go on simultaneously, were here separated in time. We must now conclude this notice, however, simply remarking that although enough has been stated to illustrate Dr. Vochting's chiel results, we have by no means given a full abstract of his inge- nious experiments. That the author is doing good work in experiment- ing thus on the influence of the various factors of the present environment on the working of that complex something which has resulted from the inter-action of past environments, and which is called the organisation of the plant, will, no doubt, be Vfillingly conceded ; it is true, we cannot agree with all his'theoretical conclusions, but at the same time we feel somewhat strongly [that his working hypotheses are likely to lead to better views of some very difficult subjects. Marshall Ward. ADIANTUM CAPILLUS VENERIS VAE. IMBRICATA. This pretty form of the true Maidenhair Fern (fig. II) was raised recently by Mr. G. Masters, the gar- dener to Colonel C. Lee, High Lee, Knutsford, Cheshire. It was described by Mr. Moore, the descrip- tion having been published since his decease, see Gardeners Chronicle, April 23, 1887, p. 547. The fronds are about I foot in length, rather broader at the base than those of the typical A. Capillus- veneris, and have a drooping habit, which is in a large degree due to the greater size of the pinna;. The pinnx are larger than those of the parent, and the extreme edges, instead of being plain and entire, are much divided, some of the divisions running up to half the length of the pinn.-B, whilst the pinna is broadened out at its extremity, and as they are closely set together on the frond, the whole reminds oue at first sight very much of a small frond of A. Farleyense. This capital sport can be grown cool, in fact to get it to show its true character it must be grown in quite a greenhouse temperature, Here the fronds will be of a deep green colour, and the plants remain vigorous and healthy, which would not be the case if placed in a hothouse. It is a variety which will soon become a general favourite in gardens. New or Noteworthy Plants. DENDROBIUM STREBLOCERAS {Rchh.f.) ROSSIANUM, n. var* A NEW variety of the curious Dendrobium streb- loceras, introduced by Messrs. Linden (Horticul- ture Internationale, Brussels), has just flowered. Mons. Lucien Linden expressed the ardent desire that this excellent variety might be dedicated to M. le Commandeur H. T. Koss, of Florence, Le grand aiiuiteur Anglais oi C&stSignolo, Lastraa Signa. The plant does not appear to differ in any manner from the typical Dendrobium strebloceras. It had lurked amid the stores of that species for years, when it suddenly surprised Messrs. Linden by its unexpected flowers of a whitish colour. After having been a few days in my room, the lip and the tips of the sepals turned a light yellow colour ; the neatly twisted petals, however, were light greenish from the beginning. H. G. Rchh.f. Paphinia cristata {Lindl.) Modiqlianiana, n. var^ A new introduction from Brazil, kindly sent me by Messrs. Linden, of Brussels Horticulture Internationale), who shortly before had the most distinct Paphinia Lindeni in flower. It has all the most minute characters of the old types, but its flowers are almost whitish, and this is quite extraordinary in such Orchids as have claret or port-wine coloured flowers. Monsieur Lucien Linden proposed its being named in honour of Cavaliere Ludovic Modigliani, of Florence. The old town on both sides of the Arno appears likely to become the unrivalled nucleus of Italian orchido- philia. No doubt, the Commendatore H. T. Ross is to be regarded as the causa inavens of a success in the wonderful garden of Europe, the possibility of which was flrmly denied not very long ago. H. G. Rchh.f. Oncidium chrvsorhapis, rt. sp:\ This was kindly sent me by Mr. F. Sander, who imported it from St. Catherine, in Brazil. The • Dendrobium strebloceras (Rchb. f.) Rosstanum, n. var. — Floribus albis ; tepalis viridulis; labello si^palisque demum riavesceotibus. Col, exc. Linden. H. G. Rchb.f. t Oncidium chrt/sorhapis, n. ap. — Aff. Oncidio cornigero, Lindl. ; inrtorescentia virgulata, brachyclada, apice racemo3a ; aepalia latissimis, sepalo imparl transverso ; aepalo conoato paeudobulbs are tereti-fusiform, dark green, 3 to 4 inches long. Leaves cuneate, oblong-lanceolate, acute, very dark green, glossy above, 6 to 7 inches long, by IJ inch wide. The inflorescence is virgu- late. The main rachis is brown, with numerous dark green spots. The pedicels are very short, densely three to flve-flowered, the top, of course, being race- mose. The whole makes a compact mass. Sepals and petals light sulphur-yellow, their disc being nearly covered with dark brown spots. Those form one mass, with extended external processes in the upper sepal and the petals, whereas they are partly separate and biseriate in the connate body. All these organs are very broad. Side-lacinise of the lip linear, lobed at the top, erect. Unguis covered with tumours. Anterior blade reniform, emargi- nate, very large. The tumours are nearly the same as those of Oncidium cornigerum, but they extend into a contiguous mass, full of rough processes at the base of the anterior blade. This is for me the lead- ing point. Let me add, that the genus Oncidium cornigerum has the lateral sepals much slit. Column much like that of the above-named species, but the wings are a little lobed at the top, and tabula very strong. H. G. Rchh.f. Aeranthus Gbandidierianos, Rchb. f.* This plant was discovered on the great Comoro Island by Mr. L^on Humblot, who desired it named in honour of M. Grandidier, the celebrated traveller in Madagascar. It was described by me in the Flora, vol. Ixviii., 1885, July II, p. 381. I feel very pleased to have it now at hand in a fresh state, Messrs F. Sander & Co. having just flowered it. It is a caulescent species, most probably never producing a tall stem. The leaves are cuneate-oblong, un- equally blunt, bilobed, attaining 3 inches in length by 1 in width. The peduncle is few-flowered, and I suspect there are never more than two flowers deve- loped at one time. Well grown flowers reach the dimensions of those of Angrajcum Chailluanum. The whole flower is yellowish with a greenish hue, and the bases of the sepals and petals are quite green, in those which I have at hand. Sepals ligulate, the lateral ones falcate ; tepals spatulato ligulate acute ; lip's blade triangular, blunt edged ; spurs with a very wide compressed mouth, that passes suddenly into a long filiform acute spur, five times as long as the blade of the lip. It would appear to be variable, as I saw it curved, and also rolled round at the base in a circinnate manner. The column, anther, and poUinaria are quite those of Aeranthus. It is a very interesting plant, nice for students of Orchids, but not an ornamental thing for exhibition orchidists. H. G. Rchh.f. MOEMODES PABDINUM TAB. CNICOLOR. An inflorescence of this handsome and apparently very rare Orchid has just been sent to name, its flowers being of a uniform bright canary-yellow — precisely the form figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 3879. Bateman, who figured the species in his Orchidacere of Mexico and Guatemala, t. 14, remarks that the plant is a native of Oaxaca, where it was originally discovered by Baron Karwiusky. It formed a part of a most extensive collection of vegetable treasures which that distinguished traveller had assembled during his researches in New Spain, and which he attempted to bring with him on his return to Europe. Unfortunately, however, the vessel in which he sailed was wrecked on one of the West Indian Islands, and thus by far the greater portion apiee bidentato ; labelli laciniis lateralibus curvatis lineari- bu5 apice retuso minute lobulatis, ungiie baseos cuneato, ungue mediauo callis tecto, lacinia antica reniformi biloba transversa, callo maximo, longitudinaliter bifido erecto, crasso. gyroao snlcato tuberculoso, callo altero antepos^ito subsequali non bitido, in lilcinite medianas basin transenilte; columnDe alis linearibus apice lobulosia. — St. Catharina, imp. exc. F. Sander. H. G. Rchb.f. * Aerantliiis Grandidieriannt, Rchb. f. — Canlescena, foliis cuneato oblongis apice iniequaliter bilobis ; racemo uni-bi (nunc tri-) floro (turn vis synantho) ; bracteis triangulis minutis ; sepalis cnneato oblongis acntis, lateralibus longiori- bus; tepalis spatulatis apiculati^; sepalo imparl itquilongi, calcaris ostio migno compresso ; lamina labelli cordato pan- durata obtusa, seu cordato triaugula obtusangula, calcari fili- formi ovario pedicellatKj 2—3 longiori ; columna breviasipia, poUinariia siaoeri Adranthi. H. G. Bckb.f Januakt 21, 18?8.] TEE GABDENEJRS' CERONIGLE. 73 i of his collections were consignes to the water. f A few, however, survived the diaster, and from one ^ of them, whicii flon-ered in 1836, Bateraan's figure was prepared. This has flowers of a pale yellow, with uumeious claret-coloured spots. He also : remarks that a pale self-coloured variety has more ' recently been introduced by ]\rr. Barker, by whom \ specimens were obligingly forwarded in the autumn i of 1838. This would appear to liave been, a paler CaTTLEYA CITRTKO-INTEnMEDI.V (LaMBERHUEST Hybrid, n. hyb.) The occurrence of a hybrid between Cattleya citrina, with its pendulous habit and bright yellow flowers, and the erect C. intermedia, in which light purple is the prevailing pigment, is certainly a matter of considerable interest. When I heard that such an one had beeu obtained, and was about to flower, ,<<^?f^-.-. Fig. 11. — ADIASTTJM CAPILLUS-VENERIS VAR. IMBRICATUM. (sEE P. 72.) variety than the one figured in the Botanical Maga- zine, which is of a bright yellow, like the one received a few days ago. The flowers exhale a powerful and most agreeable odour. It is evidently a fine species, and one which ought to be more common in cultiva- ^tion, as the racemes may bear eleven or even fourteen of its large and handsome flowers. It is also said to succeed well in cultivation. If the two figures men- tioned above be compared tlicy look considurably different in the colouring, yet from the acute seg- ments and especially the remarkable trifid and very characteristic lip, I have little doubt that both are forma of the same species, li. A. li. it became a source of some speculation as to how the diverse characteristics of the parents would be com- bined in tlie offspring. It flowered in November last, enabling me to record how the difliculty has been solved. The following particulars have been fur- nished to me by the Messrs. Veitch, as supplied to them by Miss Harris, daughter of the late Dr. Harris, of Lamberhurst, from whom it was received. C. in- termedia was the seed parent, and the pollen of C, citrina was applied on May 10, 1880. On February 19 of the following year the pod was gathered, and the seed sown on the following day. Exactly four mouths afterwards (June -J), a few seedlings were noticed ; thus over six and a half years elapsed from the time of sowing before the plant reached the flowering stage. The above name is given by the special request of Jliss Harris. It would hardly be correct to describe the hybrid as intermediate between the two parents, in habit at least, for it could not well accomplish this feat without growing sideways, yet it combines the characters of both in a very re- markable way. The plant is erect, and has fine pseudobulbs ; the first ovoid, compressed, and 1 inch long, the others gradually increasing in size, the fifth being 4.^ inches long, by I inch broad, and 10 lines thick, with a slender attenuate base ; thus the dimensions are almost intermediate between the two parents, coupled with the erect habit of C. inter- media. The flowering bulb bears three leaves, 7 inches long, by 1§ inch broad, lanceolate linear and sub-obtuse ; the others have but two leaves, which are somewhat smaller. Here, too, the dimen- sions are almost intermediate, but the three-leaved character clearly comes from C. citrina. On coming to the inflorescence the habit is precisely that of the male parent, for it arches over from the apex of the pseudobulb, the flower being exactly pendulous, and the segment connivent. The peduncle is 2^ inches long, and bears at its apex five acute, broad-based bracts, ^ inch long. It was originally two-flowered, but fearing the plant might not be sufliciently strong to allow of both flowers being fully developed, one bud was removed at an early stage, the peduncle being carried forward ^ inch above the flower, which is borne in the axil of the next bract. The pedicel is 2^ inches long, thickpned and yellowish green above, whitish below, the whole with a few faint purplish markings; the segments narrower and more acute than in C. citrina, and of a dull creamy- white, inclining to flesh-white, the petals being a little broader than the sepals. The lip is three-lobcf', and equalling the segments in length, the side lobes being large, rounded and obtuse, the colour flesh-tint, becoming pale purple at the apex ; the front lobe rounded, nearly truncate and minutely apiculate, the margin crisped, undulate, and the colour pale rosy- purple, a fainter shade of the same extending back along the central keels to near the base. Column flesh-white, yellow in front at the base. Thus the flower has the general habit of C. citrina, with the colour approaching that of C. intermedia, the sliape of the segments and lip being tolerably intermediate between the two. The colours seem to have somewhat nentralised each other, and have not come out as brilliant as could be wished. I would suggest that with C. labiata var. Dowiana, if the cross could be effected, a more brilliant result might be effected. C. citrino-intermedia is the name under which it will stand for botanical purposes. I^. A. liolfe. TINTS IN FERNS. Ferns are not usually regarded in any other light than that of providing greeneiy of various shades for associating with flowers and foliage of brighter hues ; and as they thrive well in shady nooks it is generally supposed that they require to be grown under thick shading. This, however, is a mistake — at least, so far as many of the species are concerned, for many sorts not only thrive well when exposed to more light and sunshine, but another charm is added (which in most cases is entirely lost where plants are grown under thick shading), viz., the bright tints in the young fronds. It is pretty gene- rally understood that light and sunshine are necessary for the proper development of bright colours in flowers or foliage, and Ferns are no exception to the rule. It would be a surprise to those who have not given this matter consideration, to find that Ferns produce tints almost as bright and varied as are to be found in any other class of foliage plants. In most cases the bright tints fade as the fronds get more matured ; but there is a great variety of shades in tlie fully developed fronds, and some very pretty forms of variegation which are permanent. Of those in which the colouring is confined to the young fronds Adiantum macrophyllum is one of the best 74 TUB CfAl?DENtJliS' cnnONIGLR [Janu-vbt ■!{, 18?8. known; under favourable condilions the youn; fronds have quite a bright crimson hue. A. Veitchii is another in wliich the colouring is very briglit. A. rubcllum and A. tinctum under any conditions show a little colouring, but when well exposed the tints are mucii brighter. In A. rhodophylluni the ciimson tinted fronds change to a deep green, while the bronzy tints of A. Victoria change to a lighter shade of gieen. A. bipin- natum, similar to A. macrophyllum, is a very desirable variety. Many more Adiantums might be added to tlie list, even A. Farleyense has quite a bright rosy tint wlien well exposed ; and A. scutum may also be included. Of Pteris with coloured fronds, P. tricolor is one of the most distinct. If well exposed the fronds are not so liable to damji, and the colour is much brighter. V. aspericaulis is another liighly-coloured variety and the dark bronzy- brown tints give a nice contrast to the lighter shades of sucli sorts as P. argyrea, P. neraoralis variegata, and P. cretica albo-lineata. The dwarf crested form of the latter, P. ilayi may also be added to tlie variegated forms. Blechnum latifolia is very pretty in a young state.the bright rosy-tinted fronds being very effective. Doodia aspera multifida is also a pretty little Fern, with a briglit red tint in the young fronds. Lastre erythrosora adds another distinct shade, the young fronds being of a pale bronzy line. Lastrea Cristata variegata, bright lively green, with linear markings of a paler colour, gives another distinct contrast ; Leucostegia immersa is a very elegant Fern, with pale bronzy-yellow fronds. The Gynino- grammas give another distinct form of colouring ; of the silver varieties, G. peruviana argyrophylla is one of the best; G. tartarea, in which the white farina is confined to the back of the fronds ; and G. ■\Vettenlialliana, a crested form of G. sulphurea, are distinct. Of golden varieties, G. clirysopliylla aurea is one of the best, and G. Alstoni, in which the pin- nules are curled inwards, showing off the golden under-surface to advantage, is a very etlVctive variety. Phlebodium glauciim and P. aureum give farther variety, the pale bluish tint of the former being very attractive. Polypodinm appendiculatum, Dictyo- gramma japonica variegata and Lomaria L'llcr- minniera should also be included in tlie list of coloured Ferns, and many more raiglit be added to the list of Ferns which give various shades of colour- ing, but those mentioned will be suthcientto jiroduce B very pleasing eliect when grouped together. Pteria. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. OUCHIDS AT THE DELL, EGHAJf. La creme ie la creiiie finds its way to the well- appointed Orchid-houses in Baron Schroder's model garden on the borders of Windsor Park, and once admitted it must be a difficult suliject indeed tliat would not display itself at its best under the manage- ment of Mr. H. Ballantine and his careful assistants. On the Baron's part, in all species into which degrees of comparison in the varieties enter quality is the first consideration and cost a secondary matter, if any price in reason is asked, and hence comes the richness in superb varieties and the absence of poor ones in The Dell collection. An example of this is to be found in the matchless varieties of Odonto- glossum, comprising the wonderful 0. crispum Veitchianum, the scarcely less beautiful 0. c. apiatum, O. c. Sanderianum, and O. c. Ballan- tinei, O. Fescatorei Veitchianum, O. excellens, O. excellens Ivnosii, and others, the best dozen of which must have cost hard on £1000, but wliich could not be matched at any price ; and so on through other variable species. At the present time the white and coloured varieties of Lfslia anceps are making a Jine show, one of the original type having over a hundred flowers, and a giant specimen of the true L. a. Barkeriana, twenty spikes of three and four flowers each ; but after all the newly imported forms, the fine old L. a. D.iw- soni is still not displaced, as a gr.andly formed flower, its pure white broad petals being shown up by the rich purplish-crimson of the fore part of its labelluni ; of this several strong specimens are in bloom, the best having seven spikes of tliree flowers each. Following on it in the same way is the handsome L. a. Sanderiana, which differs from Daw- sonii in the lighter rosy-tinted colouring of the lip. This in its turn is closely imitated by L. a. Schro ler- iana, which, however, h.as extraordinarily long and tliin pseudobulbs. L. a .Stella, of whicli there are also several fine' specimens in bloom at The Dell, seems to be near ta L. a Sanderiana, but without the colour on the labelliim, the flowers being pure white, with a few crimson lines on tlie tube of the labellum. The finest of the pure whites, with only a little chrome-yellow and pale green in the upper part of the lip, is the true L. a. alba from Jlr. Bull's original plant ; this is a very pure white, line in form and substance. Among other rare kinds in bloom are L. a. rosea, L. a. Ilillii with blush flowers and pink lip. and L. a. Schroderai, with pale pink sepals and pet.als, the latter having a rich crimson feather on the tijjs and bright purplish-crimson labellum. The last-named has just p.assed out of flower, but L. a. Veitchiana, L. a. 'Williamsii, and others are coming on to t.ake its place. All these are grown in a light comfortable intermediate-house, and are in the liighest perfection. Tlie sliowy reddish-orange Lailia flammea is also in bloom in the same house. Qittlri/as. — Among tlie Cattleyas the varieties of C. Trianic now make the best show, it being their season . C. T. ,Schroderiana holds its own as the best formed flower, fine at all points. C. T. Russelli.ana is in bloom in several specimens, and each year seems to strengthen its claim to distinction, as in the case of C. T. Osmanii, which for the bright velvcly- crimson of its labellum is unmatched. C. T. alba and other rare kinds are in flower, as well as many of the new hybrid Cattleyas and La;Iias in bud. Among these two plants of C. exoniensis in full bloom present attractions which few of the newer arrivals will attain. It will be a long time before exoniensis goes down in name. Thr Dcmlfuhinms and Ci/priped'nt,ns. — The former, which are so well grown, give great promise of flower on stout, clean growth, many of the D. superbum, D. nobile nobilius, D. n. Cooksoni, and others, being already prominent in bud. The show in their houses at present depends much on the graceful sprays of D. bigibbum, D. superbiens, D. endocharis, D. euos- mum h.nicopterum, D. aureum, &c., whose display is supplemented by the varied flowers of the Cypripe- diuuis, of which C. Leeanum superbum X, C. vexil- larium X , C. Argus, C. nitensx.many C. Spiceria- num, C. Ilarrisianum superbum x , and C tcnanthum superbum x are in bloom, the two last-named being excellent flowers, which will be deemed good as long as Cypripediums are grown. In another house, the centre bed of which is cccu- pied by a flue show of Ccclogyne cristata, including good plants of the pure white C. c. alba, are the col- lection of varieties of Cypripedium insigne, many of them large plants and all well bloomed. Calanthcs,