LIBRARY MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE N o ..3896 v8 D^TE 3.- JO- \R IS -NjolAege .f_u.r»jds... December 28, 1912 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE % SHcclvl]) llbstraktr |oiimaI HORTICULTUEE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS. (ESTABLISHED IN 1S41.) VOL. Lll.— THIRD SERIES. JULY TO DECEMBER, 1912. LONDON : 41, WELLINGTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. 1912. The Gardeners' Chronicle, J Xulcj- pee [December 28, 1912. INDEX OF CONTENTS. JULY TO DECEMBER, 1912. (For Special Headings see onder Books ; Certificates ; Law Notes ; Nursery Notes ; OBiTnARY ; Plant Portraits ; Plants, New; Scientific Committee; Societies; and Illustrations.) Abbotsbuey Castle, Dorsetshire, 44 Aberdeen municipal gardeners, wages of, 53, 303 Abies with gouty swellings, 292 Abnormalities in plant* produced by parasites, 301 Abutilon vitifolium. Ill Acanthosicyos horrida, the Narra plant, 386 Ai'dimatation of plants, 430 Acer Trautvetteri, 73 Acetylene gas refuse as manure, 223, 270, 360 Achillea "Perry's White," 235 Adair Place, Englefield Green, 363 Adnitt, Mr. H. W., retirement of, 454 .^isculus chiiiensis in China, 345 Aethionema amoenum, 199 Afforestation in the Black Country, lecture, on, 290 ; on Ardgoil, 482 Africa, Central, plants of, 336 ; note from, 191 Agave Leopoldii, 414 Agricultural credit societies, 352 Agricultural education in Canada, 233 ; in France, 425 Agricultural returns 1912, 233 Agricultural science, research scholarships and, 178 Agriculture in Belgium, 354 Allobophora chlorotica with "hare- lip," 110 ; A. longa with abnoi-mal growth, 110 AUwood, Montague C. (The. Per- petual-floiverini) Carnation), 131 Alpine garden, the 43, 207, 227, 263. 296, 381, 426, 466 Alpine plants, competition for, 472; planting, in stones, 383 ; manur- ing, 318, 330, 366; Mr. Reginald Farrer on, 43, 296, 336, 426, 466 Amaryllis " Hathor," 73 American-blight, decoction of Elder shoots and, 287 ; on the roots of Apple treee, 251 American corn crops, the, 364 American embargo on Potatos, 197 American Gooseberry-mildew, 421 ; in the Wisbech district, 138 America, park gardening in, 136 Animals, plant names from, 257, 281 Anthomyia radicum (Cabbage fly), 489 Anthurium Andreanum, new hybrids of, 412 Ants in fruit houses, 61 Aphis, a new, 197 Apiary, the, 9, 29, 93, 115, 135, 155, 175,' 231, 247, 333, 429 Apple trees, American blight on the roots of, 251 ; spraying, 215 Apples : Bramley's Seedling, 331 ; Crawley Beauty, 374; JMilk-r's Red Victoria, 296; Padnall Seed- hng, 413 Apples, bitter-pit in, 487; bearing of, 156, 181, 201, 251; colouring of, 206, 300 ; in prize collection of fruit, 181 ; the hybridisation of, 372 ; the packing and grading of, 96 Arabis Sturii, 227 Arches, rustic garden, 190 Ardgoil, afforestation on, 482 Armstrong, E. Frankland [The S'iytiph C arhnhydrates and the Olucosirles), 334 Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, U.S.A., Lime trees in the, 87 Artemisia lactiflora, 367 Arts and handicrafts exhibition, women's, 257 Arundinaria aristata, 191 Ascott, Leighton Buzzard, winter flowers at, 401 Ashburnham Place, Sussex, 208 Ashton, Mr. Frank, 431 Asparagus Lutzei, 427 Australian botanists, 178 Australian nurseryman's " bush house" for plants, 139 Austrian horticultural exhibition, 1913, 94 Avery Hill, the L.C.C. winter- garden at, 302 Avocado Pear, the, 431 B B.1CTERIUM tumefaciens (Crown-gall disease), 156 Balls, W. Lawrence (The Cotton Plant in Egyiit), 347 Barron, Archibald F. (Vines and Vine Culture), 46 Battersea, flower-gardening at, 285 Bayfoidbury, Hertfordshire, trees at, 473 Bealby, J. T. [Hoiv to Make an Orchard in British Columbia), 5 Beans, autumn-sown, 365 ; scarcity of Tonga, 215 ; thrip pests of, 472 Bees, harmless, 285; the manage- ment of, 9, 29, 93, 115, 135, 155, 175, 231, 247, 333, 429 Beeswax, importation of, into South Africa, 137 Begonia Clibran's Pink, 492 ; rici- nifolia rosea grandiflora, 368 Begonias at Messrs. Clibran's nur- sery, 331 Belgium, agriculture in, 354 ; re- claiming sand-dunes in, 243; 296 ; tree growth in, 227 Berberis dictophylla, 243 Bide, J. (Mushroom Cultivation), 46 Biphosphate, a new artificial man- ure, 452 Birds: food of the bullfinch, 197; protecting the crops from wild, 235, 287,''301, 318, 330, 349, 367, 392, 454 Birkenhead, J. (Ferns and Fern Culture), 131 Birkinshaw, Mr. Frank, appoint- ment of, 269 Birmingham public parks, 373 Bissagos Islands, the, 46, 86, 122 Bitter-pit in Apples, 487 Black Currant " Boskoop Giant," 122, 138 Black Currant mite, the, 223 . Black Currants, reversion in, 122, 138, 159, 201, 206, 234, 270, 271 Blakeney Point, Norfolk, as a re- serve of wild nature, 452 Blue tits and Sweet Peas, 235, 287, 318, 330, 349, 367 Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, and Mr. A. S. Gaye, 118; and fruit-growing, 318; and horticul- ture, 54; and horticultural branch, 32, 425, 454, 471 Board of Trade's recommendations for packing produce, 301 Bradley, Richard, and his publisher, 41, 132, 160, 366, 391 Bulgarian Rose harvest, the, 425 Books, Notices of : — Agricul- tural Year Book, 413; A Year's Gardening (Basil Hargrove), 153; Beginner's Guide to Fruit Grow- ing (F. M. Waugh), 94; Botani- cal Magazine, 96, 137, 249, 301, 412, 471 ; Botanic Gardens, Singa- pore, Index of Plants, 1912. 267 ; British Violets (Mrs. E. S. Gregory), 427; Bulletin de la Societe Fran^aise d'Horticulture de Londres, 229 ; Chrvsanthe- mums [Thomas Stevenson), 295; Chrysanthemums and How to Grow Them (/. S. Powell), 211; Cucumber Culture (W. Dyke), 24 ; Dairy Farming for Small- holders (James Long), 191 ; Dairying and Dairy Farming, 381 ; Ferns and Fern Culture (/. Birkenhead), 131; Flora of Kwangtung and Hong Kong (S. T. Dunn and 11'. /. Tutcher), 54 ; Fruit Farming, Practical and Scientific, for Commercial Fruit- growers and Others (Cecil H. Hooper), 483 ; Fruit-growing for Beginners (/''. W . Harvey), 483 ; Gardens and How to Sell Them [Messrs. Watkins and McCombie), 178 ; Growing Crops and Plants by Electricity [E. C. Dudgeon), 211; Harrogate Guide, 95; Heredity and Eugenics, 327 ; How to Make an Orchard in Bri- tish Columbia (J. T. Bealby), 5; International Year Book of Agri- cultural Statistics, 286; Japanese Gardening (Mrs. Basil Taylor), 312; Kew Gardens Official Guide, 172 : La Botanique en Belgique pendant le Dernier-Demi-siecle, 1862-1912 (Alfred Cogniaux), 467 ; la Vie a la Campagne, 233 ; Les plus belles Roses au debut du xxe Siecle [Charles Amat), 464; Mushroom Cultivation (/. Bide), 45 ; Orchid Review, 214, 471 ; Ox- ford Gardens (B. T. Gunlher),6; Popular Dictionary of Botanical Names and Terms, with their English Equivalents, A (G. F. Zimmer), 5; Publications re- ceived, 27, 52, 97, 118, 138, 158, 178, 215, 233, 250, 269. 302, 317, 336, 391, 413, 431, 473 ; Records of the Botanical Survey of India, 258 ; Relazione suUe Piante raccolte nel Karakoram (Pi'ofes.wr R. Pirrota and Dr. F. Cortesi), 233; Rock Gardens and Alpine Plants (E. H. Jenkins), 296; Soil Condi- tions and Plant Growth (E. J. Eussell), 248; Text Book on Botany (Dr. Edward Strasburger), The Book of the Links (Martin H. F. Sutton), 196; The Cotton Plant in Egypt (TF. Lawrence Balls, M.A.), 347; The Early Naturalists [L. C. Miall), 280; The Flora of Bristol [James Walter White), 65: The Genus Eucalyptus (J. H. Maiden), 215, 381 ; The Cirama Grasses (David Griffiths),2aO ; The New Gardening (Walter P. Wright), 191 ; The Per- petual-flowering Carnation [Mon- tague C. Allwood), 131, 181 ; The Rock Garden [Beginald Farrer), 365 ; The Small Landholder's Handbook (William Willi am. son), 457 ; The Simple Carbo-hydrates and the Glucosides [E. Frank- land Armstrong), 334; The Story of My Rock Garden (R. A. Malby), 5 ; 'Transactions of the National Chrysanthemum Society, 1911, 24 : Vines and How to Grow Them (William C. McCollom), 210; Vines and Vine Culture (Archibald F. Barrrni). 46; Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutfichen Zentral-Afrika-Expe- dition, 1907-1908, 336 Books, sale of gardening and botani- cal, 472 Bordeaux spraying for Peach curl, 412, 431 Bornet, Edouard, 312 Botanical results of the Duke of ^Mecklenburgh's travels in Central Africa, the, 335 Botanists, Australian, 178 Botany, bequest to, 233 ; in New South Wales, 452; pala?ontologi- cal, 157 Bowkeria Gerardiana, 140, 201 Bowling greens and tennis courts, 344 Brand, Mr. James, presentation to, 233 Brasso-Cattleya Moneta, 173 Brittany, trade in early Potatoe in, 316 Brockhurst, East Grinstead, 259 Browallia viscosa, 148 Bryntirion gardens, Dolgelly, rain- fall at, 178 Bulb-bowl, a new, 274 Bulb show, R.H.S., 1913, 72, 176 Bulrushes, to establish, 324 Burkill, j\lr. I. H., appointment of, 353 Burns-land, gardening in, 259 "Bush house" tor plants, an Aus- tralian, 139 Cabbage fly, the, 489 Cabbages and Cauliflowers, early, 264 Caladiums, at the Leamington Show, 118 ; from seed, 256 Calton HiU, Edinburgh, suggested improvements at, 251 Calvat, Ernest, memorial to, 233 Campanula Allionii, 53 ; C. A. on the moraine, 99 ; C. cenisia, 43 ; C. Petrsea, 132 ; C. X Profusion, 381, 414 ; C. speciosa, 159 ; C. steuo- codon, 207 Canada, agricultural education in, 233; illustration farms in, 316; .settlers in Eastern, 215 ; wart disease of Potato in, 285 Cancer, crown gall and, 156 Candid opinion, a, 470 Cardiff public parks, 74 Carnations, new treatise on, 181 ; rust disease of, 389 ; Benora, 297 ; Perpetual-flowering, 297. 331. 367 ; Perpetual-flowering "Malmaison," 250, 296. 331 ; Princess Juliana, 296, 356, 392 ; Souvenir de la Mal- maison, 10 Cassia corymbosa as a standard, 138 Castanea sativa, the Sweet Chestnut, 420 Catalogues and the seed supply, 450 Caterpillar pest in Italy, a, 250 Cattleyana Dupreana "The Dell variety," 442; C. artemis, 65; C. Dionysius, 402 ; C. Mossise var. A. Dimmock, 98 ; C. Schroderse in a Canadian market nursery, 311 ; C. Warsoewiczii " Low's variety," 86 Cauliflowers and Cabbages, early, 264 Celery, the culture of, for exhibi- tion, 420 Central African plants, 336 Centr.al Chamber of Horticulture, a proposed, 118 Cercis Siliquastrum, the Judas tree, 6 Cereal and Flax crops in Argentina, 336 Certificated Fruits and Vege- TABLES: — Apples : Crawley Beautv, 434: Padnall Seedling, 183 ; Steyne Seedling, 434 ; Winter Banana, 434; Melons: Frogmore Scarlet, 142 ; Hero of Lockinge, 142; John Massey, 183; Royal Favourite, 142 : Peach Royal Charlotte, 56 ; Potatos : Imperial The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 28, 1912. 111. Beauty, 101 ; King George V, 101 ; The Diamond, 218 ; Witchhill Seed- ling, 101 ; Strawberry Merveille de France, 218; Vegetable Marrows; Bush Green, 142 ; Moore's Cream, 142; White Bush, 142 Certificated Plants :- Achillea Perry's White, 217 ; Adiantum cuneatum var. micropinnulum, 289 ; Aerides Houlletiana magni- fica, 17 ; Allium albo-pilosum, 103 ; Anemone "Cornflower," 103; A. "Don Juan," 103; A. Duke of Clarence, 103; A. "Feu bril- lant," 103 ; Angraecum O'Brieni- anuni, 183 ; Asplenium divarica- tum elegans, 433 ; Asters : Nancy BaUard, 288; Stella, 324; As- tilbes : Avalanche, 15 ; Ceres, 103 ; Juno, 104; Kriemhilde, 104; Lachskonigin, 104; plumosa alba, 104; Rhenania, 55; simplicifolia, 100; Vesta, 104; Begonias: Deco- rator, 100; Eclipse, 394; Emita, 355 ; Florence Nightingale, 15 ; Lucy Clibran, 393 ; Mrs. Robert Morton, 15 ; Optima, 355 ; Scarlet Beauty, 394 ; Splendour, 393 ; Ber- beris Staptiana, 288 ; B. Wilsonte, 324; Bidens dahlioides, 185; Brasso - Cattlevas : Digbyano - Mossiaj "The Doll variety," 321; heatonense " Virginale," 358; Ilene, 141 ; Mme. Hye " Ashton's vai-iety," 357 ; Marion, 17 ; Caltha polypetala, 39 ; Carnations ; Baro- ness de ISrienen, 438 ; Bennra, 475; Bonfire, 433; Dago, 82; Eclipse, 82 ; Gloria, 82 ; Jean Douglas, 15; John Ridd, 15; Mary Allwood, 394, 438; Urs. A. F. Dutton, 433, 438; Mrs. J. J. Keen, 82; Peggy, 82; St. Nicholas, 354 ; Salmon Enchan- tress, 394; Snowstorm, 394, 438; . Cattleya ape,x, 303 ; C. artemis, 17; C. Astoniw, 202; C. callisto- glossa splendens " Marlfield va- riety," 104; C. comet "Princess Mary," 321 ; C. Cowanii magnifi- cum " Marlfield variety," 17 ; C. Dupreana "The Dell variety, " 17 ; C. X Ena "Marlfield," 358; G. Enid "Orchid Dene variety," 358; C. Enid "Ward's variety," 358; C. Fabia alba, 435; C. F. gloriosa, 357; C. F. Sunset, 357; C. Gaskelliana alba magnifica, 143; C. G. "Delicata," 104; C. Germanica " Ward's variety," 303; C. Hardyana "Herbert Goodson," 290; C. H. "La Perle," 357; C. hybrid, 290; C. Iris varietv Ashvvorthise, 435 ; C. L "rubra," 202; C. labiata "Cyme," 435; C. 1. " Mme. Le Doux," 358; C. 1. "Queen of Spain," 358 ;C. 1. Opal. 321 ; C. 1. Vestalis, 435 ; C. Lord Rothschild, 303; C. Lord Rothschild "albes- cens," 254; C. Lord Rothschild alba "Dr. John Utting," 303; C. Maggie Raphael " Goodson's variety," 321 ; C. Mrs. Pitt " Charlesworth's variety," 290, 358; C. Oberon, 357; C. Orion "Othello," 357; C. Peetersii " Westonbirt variety," 357; C. Portia magnifica, 358 ; C. Rhoda " The Jewell," 357 ; C. St. Anne, 435 ; C. The Bride. 324 ; C. Thur- goodiana Apollo, 17 ; C. Tityus, 476; C. Venus " lutescens." 435; C. v.- "Princess," 357; C. Warscewiczii alba " Firmin Lambeau," 56; Chrysanthemums: Audrey, 393 ; Autocrat, 395 ; Bob Pulling. 274, 320 : Celia. 289 ; Charles Hall, 342; Charles Kingsley, 320; Crimson Polly, 217; Erie Wild, 433; Fram- field Early White, 253; Francis Rowe, 342 ; Hector Menzies, 354 ; His Majestv, 342 : Hon. Mrs. John W'ard; 320; Iveniia, 342; Joan Carter, 253; Joey Saunders, 396 ; J. W. Streeter, 321 ; Michael Harrison, 393 ; Miss A. Brooker, 433; Miss A. E. Roope, 342, 354; Miss M. Barrer, 321 ; Miss Elsie Davis, 342; Miss May Fo.\, 393; Miss N. Borrer, 342 ; Miss Thelma Hartmann, 342 ; Mr. Leonard Harrison, 354; Mrs. Gertie Ladds, 342 ; Mrs. G. Llovd Wigg, 274, 289; Mrs. J. Fielding, 324; Mi-3. John Maher, 321 ; Mrs. Loo Thomson, 321; Mrs. Wingfield Miller, 433; Mrs. W. T. Smith, 393; Portia, 354, 396; Prince of Wales, 396; Queen Mary, 342, 354; Royalty, 396; Sidney Law- rence, 342 ; Snow Queen, 354, 396 ; Clematis Lady Betty Bal- four, 15; Clethra arborea, 100; Cotoneaster bullata, 289 ; C. diva- ricata, 182; C. salicifolia var. rugosa, 289 ; C. Zabelii, 289 ; Cos- mos White Queen, 141 ; Crossan- dra undulaefolia, 55 ; Cymbidium Doris, 321; C. lancifoliura, 303; Cypripedium Actaeus " Ashland- ense No. 2," 435; C. bellatulum " majesticum," 303; C. Boltonii, 324; C. Bruggense, 435; C. Bul- gar, 477; C. Charlesworthii, 324; C. Charlesworthii " Rowdon- ense," 303; C. Cynosure. 477; C. Demeter, 475 ; C. Domingo de Lar- ranaga. 303 ; C. Draco, 477 ; C. Durandii, 435; C. Elatiur, 394, 435 ; C. Eurybiades, 434 ; C. Frau Ida Brandt, 202; C. Gaston Bul- tel, 435; C. Glebelands, 357; C. Hassallii, 202; C. H. " Hindley's variety," 435; C. Idina, 476 ;"C. insigne "perfection," 435; C. i. Rossendale, 435 ; C. Jasper, 435 ; C. Latona, 394; C. Leyburnense magnificum, 202 ; C. Lion. 477 ; C. Mary Gratri.\, 477; C. Maudiae, 477; C. Memnon, 435; C. Muriel, 357 ; C. Our Queen, 358 ; C. Pallas- Athene, 321 ; C. Priam, 435 ; C. Strelsa, 477 ; C. Viking, 435 ; C. Troilus "West Point variety," 303. Dahlias: Albert MaumenV, 217; Antwerpa, 182 ; Autocrat, 239 ; Crawley Star, 217; Dolly, 217; Edith Carter, 182; Florid, 184; Flossie Wells. 184 ; George Scowfield, 239; Ideal, 217; Irene, 182; Jennie Wren, 253; Johnnie, 239, 253 ; John Riding, 217; Katiileen, 239; Leopold, 182; Marion, 182; Mrs. A. Brown, 239; Mrs. Handle, 253; Nantwich, 217 ; Papa Charmet, 217 ; Pegasus, 182 ; Princess Louise, 182; Queen Mary, 217; Richard Box, 184; Stability, 184; Star, 217 ; Useful, 253 ; " White Lady, 184 ; Dendrobium Sthiitzei, 218; Dodecatheons : Eveline, 103; James Cook, 103 ; Sir John Fox- burgh, 103; Epidendrum vitelli- num, 477 ; Eremurus robustus Elwesianus albus, 38 ; Erica cinerea atro - coccinea, 185 ; Eschscholtzia Mikado caniculata. 100 ; Freesias : Amethyst, 39 ; Chapmanii, 39 ; Gaillardia : Mrs. MackeUa, 185 ; Gladioli : Adeline Patty, 104; Apollo, 184; Badenia, 184 ; Belle mauve, 104 ; Cajanus. 104; Carmen, 184; Crown Jewel, 100; Darling, 184; Dr. Dotter, 184; Eldorado, 184; Empress, 184 ; Empress of India, 104; Glory of Noordwyk, 184; Ideal, 104 ; Johanna, 184 ; Lang- prim strain, 55 ; Loveliness, 184 ; Martha, 184; Meteor, 184; La perle du Jardin, 104 ; La Traicheur. 104 ; L'Iniinaculee, 184; Panama, 184; Pink Progres- sion, 104; Princepine. 184; Prins Hendrik, 104 ; Queen of the Whites, 104 ; Red Emperor, 184 ; Scheybeek, 184 ; Sieger. 184 ; Sul- phur" King, 184 ; The Queen, 104 ; Haemanthus Andromeda, 100; Helenium autumnale rubrum, 217 ; Hemerocallis luteola major. 38968 103 ; Hoheria populnea, 355 ; Hollyhock Newport Pink, 142; Iris Adriaan Van Ostave, 103; I. albicans "Riviera," 103; I. amoena " Rhein-Nixe," 103; I. Anton Mauve, 103 ; I. Hackaert, 103; I. hispanica "Bucephalus," 103; I. h. "Empress of the Blues," 103; I. h. "Giant," 103; I. h. "Glory of Overveen," 103; I. h. "General Gordon," 103; I. h. " Leonidas," 103; I. h. Pearson," 103; I. h. " Sofus Jacobsen," 103; I. neglecta " Tamerlan," 103; I. Joh. Bos- boom, 103 ; I. Judith Lyster, 103 ; I. Pieter de Hoog, 103 ; I. Regelio- cyclus "Apollo," 38; I. r. c. "Castor," 38; I. r.'c. "Laos," 38; I. r. c. "Osiris," 39; I. r. c. " Saga," 39; I. r. c. " Saturnus," 38; I. Rembrandt, 103; I. squa- lens " Isolina," 103; I. s. "Nibel- ungen," 103; I. s. "Prosper Langier, 103; I. Van Everdingen, 103 ; Ixiolirion montanum, 39 ; Kniphofias : Goldfinch, 104; John Benary (syn. Lord Roberts), 253; Orange Queen, 104 ; Prince of Orange, 104 ; Unique, 141 ; Lselio- Cattleyas : amabile " Borla.ses variety," 183; L.-C. Bella " Orchid Dene varietv," 394 ; L.-C. Bulgaria, 435; L.-C. Col- manfe " Orchid Dene variety," 358; L.-C. d© Hemptinne, 3^1; L.-C. Glaucus, 141; L.-C. God- manii, 141; L.-C. Golden Fleece. 183; L.-C. Golden Oriole, 303; L.-C. Golden Oriole "var. Ruby," 434; L.-C. Golden Oriole, " Holford's varietv." 321; L.-C. Hastediana, 254; L.-C. Invernia Muriel Wilson, 143; L.-C. luminosa aurea, 303; L.C. luminosa " Mandarin," 141 ; L.-C. Martinettii " John Lupton varietv," 17; L.-C. Memoria H. A. Tracy, 218; L.-C. Purple Queen, 104; L.-C. Rubens "The Kaiser," 17; L.-C. St. Gothard "Glebe variety," 218; L.-C. scampstonensis, 324; L.-C. ScyUa, 394 ; L.-C. Walter Gott, 357 ; Las- trea patens Mayi, 15 ; Lilium Thunbergianum " Peter Barr," 103 ; L. warleyense, 15 ; Lobelias : Glory of St. Ann's, 185; Glow, 185; W. H. Paine, 185; Lycaste cruenta, 477 ; Lysimachia Henrvi, 100; MasdevalUa Bella, 435; iNl. cucullata, 477 ; Miltonia Hyeana Le Conquerant. 17 ; Miltonioda Harwotidii, 290 ; Montbretias : Fire King, 184 ; Star of the East, 141 ; Nephrolepis exaltata var. muscosa, 55 ; Nymphsea Attraction, 55 ; N. formosa, 55 ; Narcissi : Master- piece, 38; Mrs. Breck, 38; Nephrolepis exaltata " Roch- fordii," 15; N. e. " WiUmottie," 355 ; N. Millsii, 321 ; Odontioda Bradshawiae gattoniensis, 357 ; 0. Charlesworthii " Orchid Dene variety," 290; 0. Devossiana "Fowler's variety," 218; 0. Euterpe " Davidson's variety," 183; 0. Latona "Fowler's variety," 434 ; 0. Margarita, 254; 0. Schriideri " Davidson's variety," 202; 0. Thwaitesii "Davidson's variety," 202; Odontoglossum Ada Barclay, 303 ; 0. aurora. 357 ; 0. crispum variety Arthur ; 435 ; 0. c. White Star, 17 ; 0. c. White Queen. 17 ; 0. Empress Eugenie, 141. 202; O. Epicaste, 56 ; 0. eximium J. Lakin, 476: 0. e. " McBean's variety," 357; 0. Helene, 183; 0. Jasper " Fowler's variety," 476 ; 0. Miss Arline King. 104 ; 0. Mrs. Cadisle, 17 ; 0. Neptune, 254; 0. nigrescens, 142; 0. per- cultum King George. 17 ; 0. Queen Mary, 17 ; 0. Scintillans, 358; 0. Scintillans " Orchid Dene variety," 476; 0. Woodroffeae, 254 ; Odontonia Edna, 17, 76 ; 0. Firminii, 435 ; Oncidioda Cinna- barina, 476 ; Patrinia triloba, 55 ; Pentstemons : Gaddesden Gem, 217; Mrs. F. Fulford, 253 ; Phloxes : Alphons Diepen- brock, 104; P. Arendsii, 15: d. Bernard Tweers, 104 ; Rijnstroom, 217; Plagianthus LyaUii, 55; Polypodium Mandaianum, 15 ; Primula japonica Autumnale, 185 ; Prunus Miqueliana, 433 ; Pyrethrum Excelsior, 104 ; Pyrus Veitchiana, 288 ; Ranunculus Car- nation, 104 ; R. Turbar Romano "Boule d'Or," 104; Rhododen- dron Clorinda, 100 ; Rhodostachys andina, 141 ; Roses : British Queen, 79, 239; Colleen, 79 Coronation, 79; Danfe, 100, 143 Edward Bohane, 253 ; Ethel, 16 George Dickson, 253 ; H. E. Richardson, 79; H. Vesey Machin, 79 ; Lady Mary Ward, 38, 79; Little Dorrit, 238, 253; Mrs. Andrew Carnegie, 38 ; Mrs. Charles Hunting, 16, 38; Mrs. Charles E. Pearson, 238 ; Mrs. 0. Reed, 38; Mrs. E. Alford, 38; Mrs. Ethel Part, 38; Mrs. Frederick W. Vanderbilt, 38, 79 ; Mr what to do with the, 158 Heather beetle, the, in Scotland, 383 Heaths, Cape, 382; hardy, 197 Helenium autumnale, a monstrous, 251 Hemitelia, North American speciee of, 215 Hemming, Mr. Ernest, appointment of, 372 Henham Gardens, Wangford, storm at, 181 Hieracium vOlosum, 86 HoUand House show, 12 Holywell, flowers at, 487 Hooker, Sir Joseph, 301 Hooiper, Cecil H. [Fruit Farming, Practical and Scientific), 483 Hops, acreage of, 214 Horse Chestnut, the Chinese, 346 Horticultural output, the, 60 Horticulture, a proposed centi»l chamber of, 118; in Manchester, 122 I The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 28, 1912. \ Hospital charities and vegetable Marrows, 177 Hot-water method of forcing, 453 Humphreys, Mr. Thomas, 487 Hurst, Major, "The Application of Genetics to Orchid Breeding," 373; "Rogues in Sweet Peas," 407 Husbandry, the progress of, 490 Hydrangea hortensis, 251 ; blue-flow- ered, 106 Hydrocyanic acid gas, fumigating with, 344 [lex Pernyi, 448 Inches, Mr. Robi-rt Kirk, 387 India, notes from, 454 Indian forest service, 233 Industrial fellowships in New York State College of Agriculture, 334 Insects and flowers, 317, 330 Insects, destructive, 278, 326, 421 Institute of Gardeners, a national, 52 [n.surance Act and fruit gatherers, 303 ; and Perthshire fruit-growers, 201, 303 International Horticultural Exhibi- tion, list of awai'ds at the, 10 ; presentations in connection with the, 10 ; profits of the, 431 ; remi- niscences of the Roses at, 23 ; Messrs. Wallace & Co.'s exhibit at the, 51 Ipomcpa Leari, 258 Ireland, flower shows in, 96 Irises, abnormal flowering of, 85 ; "Crimean," 85; for the rock-gar- den, 338 ; Japanese, 475 ; note on, 85; Spanish and Dutch, 22 Ii-is Kasmpferi, 475 ; I. Sintenisii, 85 Isoloma hirsutum, 148 Italy, Orange-growing in, 461 [xora coccinea, 368 Japan, Iris garden in, 475 Japanese gardens, 330 Jargonelle Pear, not«s on the his- tory of the, 198, 216, 235 Jelly fruit, how to make, 51 Jenkins, E. H. (Ihirh Gardens and Alpine Plants), 296 Jersey, Potato imports in, 177 John's Forest Trees of Great Britain, recent revisions of, 349 Judas tree, the (Cercie Siliquas- trum), 6 Juniper seed, the germination of, 317 K Karakoram, high-level plants in the, 233 Keeble, Prof., " The Physiology of Fertilisation," 457 Kennedy, John, the works of, 187 Kent Commercial Fruit Show, 301 Kent, the fruit crops in, 151 Kew Gardens, conditions of em- ployment at, 146, 276 ; employes' union, 471 ; Wat^-r-Lilv house at, 293, 313; notes, 387, 428, 448 Kew gardeners' social evening, 471 Kitchen garden, tlie, 8. 29, 48, 75, 93, 114, 135, 155, 174, 195, 213, 230, 246, 265, 283, 299, 314, 332, 350, 368, 388, 408, 429, 449, 469 Lslio-Cattleta Baroness Emma, 23; L.-C. Cornelia, 402; L.-C. Cicelv,483 ; L.-C. "Memoria H. A. Tracy," 242; L.-C. Myrrha "Or- chid Dene variety," 463; L.-C. rubens " The Kaiser," 51 Lake Maggiore, the vegetation of the islands of. 434 Lamb, Mr. P. H., appointment of, 177 Lambay Island, the weather at, 138 La Mortula, Italy, 167 Land, clearing tree-stumps from, 197 ; clearing with dynamite, 268 ; London's vacant, as gardens, 7; the taxation of. 95 Larch sawfly, tlie, 302, 347, 392 Lardizabala biternata, 467 Latex in plants, 317 Lawn, how to make a, 146 Law Notes : — Alleged defective flower-pots, 118 ; American Goose- berry-mildew Act prosecution, 223; Claim for hedge, 145; Com- pensation for loss of an eye, 223 ; Failure of a nurseryman, 480 ; Market Gardeners' Compensation Bills withdrawn, 452; Overhang- ing tree 96 ; Theft of Ferns, 223 Lawn-tennis courts, treatment of, 444 I.Kawson, Dr. A. Anstruthcr, ap- pointment of, 353 Leamington flower show, the, 74 Leatheihead Downs, notes on the vegetation of the, 404 Leeks, the culture of, for exhibition 420 Leguminous plants, hard seed of, 285 Lenotie, Andre, proposed memorial to, 10 Leonardslee, notes from 113 ; the rockery in September, 287 Leptospermum scoparium Nichollii, historv of. 270 Life, the origin of, 252; Prof. Schafer on, 232 Lilacs, forcing, 453 Lilium candidum, 87 ; L. giganteum at Lochinch Castle, Wigstown- shire, 235 Lily sea-son in Scotland, 209 Lime-sulphur and Potatos, 52 Lime trees in the Arnold Arbore- tum, Jamaica Plain, U.S.A., 87 Liriodendron tulipiferum margina- tum, 33 Lobelia Tupa, 243 Lochinch Castle, Wigtownshire, Lilium giganteum at. 235 Locke, Mr. R. honour for, 51 Lockerbie flower show, 121 Loganberry juice, a beverage from, 95 L.C.C. gardeners, grading of the, 52 ; wages of the, 32 L.C.C. parks, and unemployed labour, 137 ; new garden at 'The Rookerv, 471 ; winter-garden at Avery Hill, 302 London's vacant land as gardens, 7 Long, James (Duiri/ Fanning for /Small Holders), 191 Loquat fruiting out-of-doors in Devonshire, 318 Luculia gratissima, 448 M Magnesia and Roses, 481 McCoUom. William C. (Vines and How to Grow Them), 210 Maiden, J. H. (The Genus Euea- lyplus), 215, 381 Malayan Peninsula, flora of the, 247 Malby, R. A. (The Story of My Rock Garden), 5 Malvastrum campanulatum, 193 Manchester, horticulture iiT, 122 Mandragora autumnalis, 392 Manitoba, free homesteads in, 215 Manure, Alpine plajits and, 318, 330, 366 ; a new artificial. 452 ; applica- tion of artificial, 286 ; substitutes for animal, 420 Manurial experiment on a market fruit-garden, 21 Market fruit garden, the, 21, 107, 151, 205, 277, 351, 383, 441 Market gardeners' Compensation Bills withdrawn, 452 Market garden flooded in Scotland, 53 Market gardens, effect of the wet season on, 201 Mealy bug on vines, to destroy, 480 Measures used in Covent Garden Market, 240 Meconopsis Wallichii at Belvoir Park, Belfast, 138 Melon King George V, 150 Melons, novel method of forcing, 208 Merodon Narcissi (equestris), 298, 318, 331, 348 Miall, L. C. (The Earli/ Xalura- lists), 280 Mildew, vine, 52 Miltonia " Memoria Baron Schro- der," 352 Mimulus Lewisii, 235; M. roseus, 191, 402 Mistleto in Shensi, China, 147 Momordica Charantia, 473 Monmouthshire, school gardens in, 178 Monstrosities, parasitic origin of, 301 Montbretias in Scotland, 159 Moraine, the, 74, 296, 331 ; Cam- panula Allionii on the, 99; two good plants for the, 53 Moraines and moraine gardens, 263 Morse, Jlr. Ernest William, ap- pointment of, 353 Morton, Mr. Alexander, presenta- tion to, 337 Moth, the PoUto, in France, 52 Mount, Mr. George, 431 Mueller, Baron von, 443 Museum, illustrating the packing of produce, 301 Mnsssenda Sanderiana, 228 ; in Laos, 442 Myzus fragarise, the Strawberry aphis, 197 N NARCisstJS fly, the, 298, 318, 331, 348 Narra fruit, the, 386 Nauiiton. Mr. W. W., retirement of, 454 Nectarines and Peaches, lifting of, 286 Nelumbium speciosum at Bishop's Hall, Romford, 249; imported Tiowers of, 118 Nephrolepis Todeoides, a large plant of, 367 Nesting-places, curious. 7 " Nettlfleaf " or reversion in Black Cuiraiits, 122, 138, 159, 201, 206, 234, 270, 271 Newlands. Harrow-on-the-Hill, 149 New South Wales, botany in, 452 New York flower show, 1913, 412 Nitrogen, the fixation of atmo- spheric, 390 Nomenclature of hybrid Orchids, 303, 391, 413. 431. 453. 474 Normanhui-st, Sussex, 279 Nuneham Park, Oxfordshire. 26 Nurserv employees' half-holiday, 365; outing, 10,31, 118 Nurserymen's first prize window dis- play, 54 Nursery Notes:— Blackmore & Langdon, Bath, 198; Carter, ■James & Co., Ravnes Park, 43; Dobbie & Co., Slarks Tey, 3; Sutton & Sons, Reading, 130 ; Veitch & Sons, Jas., Coombe Wood, 207 ; Wargrave Hardy Plant Farm. 129; Waters, C. F., Balcombe, 294 Nymphseas, a lecture on, 183 ; and their propagation, 126 ; of North America, 158 Oak timber, high prices for, 347 Obituary : — Astridge. John, 20 ; Bailer. Francis. A.. 203: Berg- heim. J. S.. 223 ; Bishop, William, 126; Burton, John Elliott, 400; Carpenter, George, 324 ; Cole, Joseph M., 239; Comfort, Wil- liam, 82 ; Condie, James, 223 ; Craig, Professor John, 203 ; Dam- pier. Harrv, 223 ; Dean. Alexan- der, 150 ; Dodd, Harry, 185 ; Dyer, Alexander, 380 ; Evans, Richard E., 307; Fleming, William, 121; Fletcher, Thomas, 307 ; Fraser, Ale.xander. 400; Garnett, R. L., 185; Graves, Henrv, 380; Guil- foyle, W. R., 275 ; Hartland, Wil- liam Bavlor, 239, 255 ; Horner, Rev. F.'D. 61; Humphreys, Mr. Thomas, 487 ; Jones, James, 350 ; Kerr, James, 324; Kinnaird, John, 400 ; Landsborough, Rev. Dr., 418; Leslie, James, 344; Mc- intosh, William. 203; Murray, James C. 360; Nichol, Walter S., 459; Pettigrew-, John AUwood, 125; Purser. Henrv, 418; Rich- mond, John W., 203'; Rogers, Cap- tain Henry, 438; Seale, F. W., 292 ; Sheppard, James, 150 ; Smith, John William, 177; Tegetmeier, W. B.. 400; Thomp- son, William Frederick, 160; Watson, James, 459; White, Thomas, 203 Odontioda Lambeauiana " Weston- birt variety," 285 Odontoglossum amabile " Weston- birt variety." 42 ; 0. crispum Bumble Bee. 128; 0. Lambarde- anum, the parentage of, 362 Onions, the Culture of, for exhibi- tion, 420 Onosma, garden species of, 281 Ontario, fruit-growing in, 336 ; Strawberry-growing in, 390; Tobacco-growing in, 336, 452 Orange-growing in Italy, 461 Orchards, farm, 284 ; soil sterilisa- tion in, 441 " Orchidaceous " air, an, 318 Orchid breeding, the application of genetics to, 373 Orchid Conference. R.H.S., 373, 457 Orchid houses, work in the, 9, 28, 48. 75, 92. 115, 133, 155, 174, 194, 212, 231, 246. 265, 283, 298, 314, 332, 351, 358, 389, 409, 428. 448, 458 Orchid literature, new, 442 Orchid notes and gleanings, 42, 121, 128. 173, 311, 328, 402. 423, 442, 463, 483 Orchids at The Glebe, Sevenoaks, 328 ; planted in the moraine, 383 ; rare Irish, 296. 367; R.H.S. Con- ference on, 373. 457 Origin of life, the, 252; Prof. Schafer's lecture on the, 232 Packing and grading of Apples, the, 96 Pseonies, herbaceous, 245 Palseontological botany, 156 Parasitic origin of monstrosities, 301 Paris Chrysanthemum show, 267 Park-gardening in America, 136 Park, new public, at Galashiels, 337 ; at Glasgow, 303 ; at Ren- frew, 337 Parks, Chrvsanthemums in the L.C.C, 317, 353; school children plucking flowers in the L.C.C, 267 ; the Birmingham, 373 ; winter work in the London, 137 Pavetta cafTra. 149 ; P. Cecils, 181 Pea, Carter's Eight Weeks. 7 Peach culture out-of-doors, 212 Peach curl, Bordeaux spraying for, 412, 431 Peach trees, ringing, 50 ; out-of- doors, 138 ; out-of-doors in North Yorks, 270; transplanting, 226, 286 Pear fruit, an adventitious, 158 Pear Jargonelle, notes on the his- tory of the, 198, 217, 234 The Uardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 28, 1912. Pear, the Avocado, 431 Peas, aututnn-sown, 365; culinary, 206, late, 34%. 367, 414, 488; Mummy, 186 Peas sold as pills, 233 Penn, William, and Stoke Poges, 122 Pergola, a vine, 428; Italian, 250 Persea gratissima (Avocado Pear), 431 _ Perthshire fruit-growers and the Insurance Act, 201 Perthshire, the fruit crop in, 121 Pests, scheduled, 241, 278, 421 Pettigrew, Mr. W. W., 74 Petunia, double-flowered, 358 Phalsenopsls Esmeralda, the culture of, 156; P. intermedia Portei at Tring Park, 453 Phaseolus Caracalla, 380 Philadelphus " Virginal," 47 Physiology of Fertilisation, the. by Professor Keeble, 457 Pigs, wild, in India, 464, 472 Pine, reproduction of the Wey- mouth, 347 Pirotta, Prof. R., and Dr. F. Cor- tesi [Ralazione suUe Piante rac- colte nel K nrakoram) , 233 Plane trees, large, 270 Plant diseases, lecture on, 271 Plant names from animals, 257, 281 Plant notes, 149, 180, 191, 368 Plant pathology, congress on, 470 Plant Portraits : — Agave dis- ceptata, 137 ; A. marmorata, 96 ; Aloe Steudneri, 137 ; Berberis ver- ruculosa, 249 ; Ceropegia Thorn- croftii. 301 : Chamiedorea glauci- folia, 301 ; Chironia laxa, 249 ; Columnea glabra, 249; Cornus controversa, 412 ; Corokia vir- gata, 412 ; Cotyledon subrigida, 96 ; Dendrobium (Ceratobium) Imthurnii, 249 ; Elsholtzia Staun- tonii, 301 ; Erica ciliaris, 96 ; Eriopsis Helense, 412 ; Furcrsea elegans, 301 ; Hydrangea Sar- gentiana, 137 ; Iris Caroliniana, 412; Mesembryanthemum Pear- sonii, 412: Muehlenbeckia com- plexa, 137 ; Osmanthus Delavayi, 301 ; Primula Wattii, 249 ; P. Wulfeniana at home, 465 ; Pseu- deranthemum lilacinum, 96 ; Pycnostachys Dawei, 137 ; Styrax Wilsonii, 96 Plants, and radium, 336 ; acclimata- tion of, 430 Plants, New or Noteworthy: — Buxus Henrvi, 423 : Daphne x Thauma, 22 :' Ecliium Wildpretii, 423 ; Gaultheria Veitchiana, 188 ; Gerbera hedersefolia, 482 ; Koelreuteria Henryi, 148 ; Podo- carpus formosensis, 295 ; Sinome- nium diversifolium, 402 ; Vibur- num coriaceum, 363 Plantanus orientalis, large trees of, 270 Plants, the protection of wild, 301 ; precocious flowering of, 301 ; under glass, 8, 28. 48. 76, 92, 115,^134, 154. 174, 194, 212, 230, 247, 254, 283, 299, 315, 332, 350, 369, 388, 408, 429, 449. 468 Plasmopara viticola (vine mildew), 52 Plum Reine Claude Comt-e Althan, 190 Poa sibirica, 372 Pollination of fruit trees, 381 Polycycnis Lehmannii, 129 Polygonum campanulatum, 489 Pond weeds, to destroy. 52, 96 Potato, competition, 214 ; crop, 431 ; diseases, 31, 370; haulm as food for sheep, 431 ; for cows, 454 ; im- ports into .Jersey, 177 ; moth in France, 52 Potatos. American embargo on, 197 ; importation of into South Africa, 118 ; lime-sidphur and, 52: wart disease of, 326, 391, 432, 475: in Brittany, 316; wart disease of, in Canada, 285 Poterium obtusatum, 180 Poultry-keeping, 94 Powell, J. L. [Chrysanthemums and How to Grow Them), 211 Priestley, Joseph, 372 Primroses, giant Chinese, 188 Primula carniolica at home, 425 ; P. Forsteri, 490 ; P. glutinosa and P. integrifolia, 296 ; P. glutino.sa (printed integrifola) on the High Alps, 258 ; P.' malacoides, 308 ; P. sinensis, culture of, 180 ; P. sinen- sis, giant forms of, 188 ; P. suffru- tescens, 227 Propagation, of Conifers, 157 ; of Sweet Peaa from cuttings, 226 ; of Strawberries, 208 ; problems of, 2, 74, 384 Provence, the forests of, 89, 112, 131 Prunus (Amygdalus) nana rubra, 390 Quoits, the game of, 20 Radish with twisted roots, 270, 287 Radium, and plants, 335 Railway stations, prizes for gardens at the, 233 Rainfall, at Davenham Gardens, Malvern, 201; at Dolgelly, 178 Rainfall and forests, 214 Rains, the abnormal, 176 ; and mar- ket gardens, 201 Raynes Park, French gardeners at, 214 Redditch, storm of rain and hail at, 138 Reims congress, the, 452 Renfrew, new public park at, 337 Rivoire, M. Antoine, Legion d'Hon- neur, 391 Rhododendron Augustinii and R. Fargesii, 4 ; R. pontiea var. aucu- bEcfolium, 487 Rhubarb for forcing, 403 Road, romance of the, 225 Rock-garden, an old, 349 ; Irises for the, 338 Rock-garden plants, " Clarence Elliott" trophy for, 72, 472; the " Farrer " cup for, 249 Rogues, plant, 410 Romance of the road, the, 225 Rosary, the. 4, 23, 88. Ill, 149. 170, 189," 244, 252, 311, 329, 425, 464 Rose garden, a sailor's, 39 Rose harvest in Bulgaria, 425 Rose season in Scotland, the, 24 Rose shows, 63 Roses at the International Exhibi- tion, Chelsea, 23 ; and mag- nesia, 481; August, 189; Ben- nett's seedling, 64 ; budding, 33, 74 ; climbing, 447 ; cul- tural notes on, 4, 88, 171, 244, 311. 425; for bedding a selection of, 262; in Southern Scotland, 149 ; Irish, 244 ; lecture on Wichu- raiana, 19 ; my first year among the, 329 : new," 345, 355, 386. 405, 406, 425. 447, 465; new Tea- scented, 406, 426 ; notes on early- flowering rambling, 89 ; October, 293 ; scentless, 52 ; under glass, 426 Roses : Blush Rambler, 232 ; Lady Waterlow, 111 ; Minnehaha, 150, 181; Miss Flora Mitten, 31 Rothamsted Experimental Station, Dr. Russell appointed director of, 10 R.H.S. bulb show, 1913, 72; trials at Wisley, 431, 453 Rubus arcticus, 253 ; R. Giraldia- nus, 448 Rural depopulation and its arrest in England and Wales, 109 Russell. Dr. E, J., appointment of, 10 ; (Soil Conditions and Plant Growth), 248 S St. Petersburg International Horticultural Exhibition, 249 Sand dunes in Belgium, reclaiming, 243, 295 Sarracenia purpurea in America, 73 Saxifraga longifolia, 245; S. Rudol- phiana, 227 Scale insects, spraying for, 118 Schilfer, Prof., on the origin of life, 232, 252 Scheduled insects and pests, 241, 326, 421 Schizanthus, the culture of, 180 Scholarships in agricultural re- search, 178 Scientific Committee:— Alpine plants attacked by dodder, 271 ; Antirrhinum sporting, 339; Apple, glassiness in, 303 ; Apples injured by the Bordeaux mixture, 339 ; Apples with more than nor- mal number of seeds, 375 ; Armeria, abnormal flowers of, 202, 255 ; Aristolochia clema- titis fruiting, 271 ; Aspidis- tra, influence of light on the varie- gation of, 202 ; Black Currants, reversion in, 76, 150, 271 ; Bor- deaux mixture causing injury to Apples, 339 ; Brasso-Cattleya X Thetis, 122; Bulbophyllum Gen- tilii, 303 ; Catasetum macrocar- pum, female flower of, 375 ; cater- pillars on Hops, 122 ; Cirrhopeta- lum miniatum, 271 ; Crataegus Oxyacantha var, prsecox (Glaston- bury Thorn). 414; Delphinium, a virescent, 76 ; a sporting, 56, 75; D. macrocentron, 123; dodder on Alpine plants, 271 ; Dinanthe, flowers of, 160 ; Drosophyllum lusitanicum, 414 ; Elder, green- berried, 271 ; Epidendrum later- ale, method of flowering in, 202 ; Eria rhyncostyloides, 75 ; Erica cinerea malformed, 254, 271 ; Fasciation in Lilium candidum, 202; Fern in a bottle, 455; Flowers, variations in wild, 375 ; Fumes, injury from smelter, 122 ; Geranium Robertianum, albino forms of, 271, 339; Glas- tonbury Thorn, the, 414 ; Hazel with foliaceous bracts, 160 ; Helenium cupreum, virescent and proliferous form of, 271 ; Holly, orange-fruited, 455; Hops, cater- pillars on, 122 ; Horse Chest- nut with twin petioles, 375 ; Ivy leaves diseased, 414; Lselia- pumila X Laelio-Cattleya Ophir, 545 ; Lilium candidum, double- flowers of, 271 ; Lily fasciated, 202 ; Lysimachia vulgaris, 255 ; Mentha viridis var., 303; Mimu- lus moschatus almost scentless, 122 : Mistleto on Pear, 414 ; Mul- berry, a dioecious, 56; "Mummy" Pea. the, 202; Musa Bakeri. 255; Musk, a non-scented, 202 ; Ne- phrolepis, variation in, 414; Oak, grey wood of, 339 ; Odontonia x Edna, 76; Oncidioda x " Mar- jorie," 414; 0. abortivum, pseu- do-bulbs on inflorescence of, 56 ; Orchid, hybrid, 122; Pea, the iMummy. 202 ; Pear, Mistleto on, 414 ; Pear with axial growth, 202 ; Plants injured by fumes from smelting works, 76 ; Polygonum sacchaliense with variegated leaves, 56 ; Potatos with super- tuberation, 303 ; Primula pycno- loba, 150 ; Prunus Miqueliana, 455 ; Pseudo-bulbs on inflorescence of Oncidium abortivum. 55 ; Pyrus Neidzwetzkyana, fruit of, 271 ; Rhododendron sporting, 339 ; Streak disease of Sweet Peas, 202; Sweet Pea with prolifer- ous inflorescence, 255 ; Sweet Peas affected with "streak" disease, 202; Sweet William, " Wheat-ear," 271 : Thelymitra sp.. 55; Tulips, Parrot, seeds of, 255 ; Verbascura with galls, 270 ; Watsonia iridifolia, 255 ; "Wheat- ear " Sweet William, 271; Wil- low, gall on, 271 Scolopendrium vulgare, crested form of, 337 School children plucking flowers in L.C.C. parks, 257 School gardens in Monmouthshire, 178 ; the growth of, 158 Scotland, new public parks in, 337; notes from, 24, 53. 121, 159, 201, 209, 228, 251, 271, 286, 303, 335, 387, 453, 474, 482; Roses in Southern, 149; the Rose season in, 24 Scottish forestry, the Development Commissioners and, 228 Secret commissions, 122 Seed, adulteration of, in U.S.A., 268; of leguminous plants, hard, 285 ; supply, 446, 450 ; the germi- nation of Juniper, 317 Seedsmen, a strike of, 317, 372 Seeds, influence of light and tem- perature on the germination of, 137; the " bush fire " method oi germinating, 331 ; the germina- tion capacity of, 317 Selborne Society's lectures, 354 Sezincot House, Gloucestershire, 170 Senecio canahpes, 448 ; S. Smithii, 201 Sewage-sick soils, 370 Shensi, Mistleto in, 147 Shrubs for a pergola, 166 ; for a quadrangle, 155 Silene Hookeri, 44 Silver-leaf disease, experiments in, 21 Simpson, Mr. S., appointment of, 177 Slugs and Strawberries, 99 Small holdings, acreage of, 353; co- operatives and, 317 ; in South Africa. 422 Smith. John William, fatal accident to, 177 Snowdrop petals as snuff, 391 Societies:— Aberdeen Chrys 436; Aberdeen Hort., 185, 418; Aberdeen Sweet Pea, 143 ; Ayr Chrys.. 418; Banburv Chrys., 397; Bath Gardeners' ' 223. 274, 438, 479 ; Birmingham and Midland Gardeners', 271 ; Bir- mingham Botanical and Hort., 79; Birmingham Chrysanthe- mum, Fruit and Floricultural, 359; Birmingham Hort., 81, 235; Bishop's Waltham Hort., 122; Blackburn Chrys., 416; Bolton Chrys., 417; Border Sweet Pea, 142; Bradford Chrys., 435; Brighton and Sussex Chrys., 377 ; Brighton Rose and Sweet Pea, 82 ; Bristol and District Gar- deners', 104, 223, 274, 438, 479; British Gardeners', 202, 239, 477; British Mycological and Scottish Cryptogamic, 271; British Pteri- dological, 142 ; « Cardiff and County Hort., 78 ; Cardiff Chrys.. 377; Cardiff Gardeners'. 144^ 438. 479; Carlisle and Cumber- land Hort., 222; Chelmsford and District Gardeners', 399, 438 ; Cheltenham Root, Fiuit and Chrys., 416; Cheltenham Sweet Pea. 82; Cheshire Agric, 219; Chester Paxton, 397, 479; Ciren- cester and District Gardeners', 456; Clevedon and Dist. Hort., 104 ; Co-partnership Festival Show, 183 ; County Galway Hort., 184; Coventry Chrys., 397. 477 ; Croydon and District Hort., 479; Crovdon Chrys., 375; Debating, 60. 83, 144, 223, 274, 399, 438. 479: Derby Chrvs. . 398 : Devon and Exeter Hort., 60, 378, 438; Dumfries Agric, 142; Dundee Hort., 219; Durham. Northumberland and Newcastle-on-Tyne Botanical and Hort., 35 ; Eccles and Pendleton Chrys.. 398: Edinburgh Botani- cal, 416, 478; Edinburgh Seed The Gardeners' Chronicle.] INDEX. [December 28, 1912. vii. Trade Assistants, 456; Elstree and Boreham Wood Hort., 60 ; Fiiich- ley Chrysanthemum, 202, 415 ; General Bulb Growers' Society of Haarlem, 38; Ghent Hort., 435; Glasgow and West of Scotland Hort., 220; Gloucester Rose and Sweet Pea,'* ^9 ; Gloucestershire Koot, Fruit and Chrys., 396; Haarlem General Bulb Growers', 184; Hanwell and Greenford Hort., 235; Hereford Fruit and Chrys., 342; Hitchen Chrys. 435; Hort. Club., 78, 290, 376 455 ; (Annual outing), 31 ; Horti cultural Education, 370; Hort, Traders Assoc, 220; Hudders field Hort., 101 ; Hull Chrys. 418 ; Ipswich Garcfencrs', 399 Irish Hose and Floral, 79 ; Kent Commercial Fruit Show, 340, 359 Killarney Sweet Pea, 104 ; Kil marnock and District Gardeners' 438, 479; Kilmarnock Chrys. 398; Lancaster Agric, 184; Lan caster Chi-ys. , 397; Leamington and County Hort., 102; Leeds Paxton Chrys., 397; Linnean, 414, 436, 478; Liverpool Chrys., 416; Liverpool Hort., 78; London Vacant Laud Culti- vation. 51; Manchester and North of England Orchid, 17, 33, 104, 202, 235, 303, 358, 435; Manchester Chrys., 415; Man- chester Royal Botanical and Horticultural, 56 ; Mid-Annandale Agric, 121; Jlidland Carnation and Picotee, 123 ; Nat. Carnation and Picotee, 81; National Chrys., 255, 273, 396, 479; (Annual din- ner). 436; (..6r"'ual Conference), 417 : (Autumn Show). 341 ; (Visit to Woburn Place), 342; Nat. Dahlia, 158, 238, 478; Nat. Gladiolus, 144. 177; Nat. Hardy Plant, 137, 184, 478; Nat. Rose, 17, 37, 79. 237, 479; Nat. Sweet Pea, 35. 340 ; (Annual Meeting), 322; (Inspection of Trials at Sutton Green), 59; National Vegetable. 272, 285; Newcastle Chrys.. 456; Newtownards Hort., 218; Northern Seeds and Roots, 387 ; North of Scotland Hort. and Arboricultural, 274, 438; North of England Hort., 143, 271. 324; Norwich and District Fruit Growers', 303; Norwich Chrys., 436 ; Orsett and District Agric and Hort., 235; Perpetual-flower- ing Carnation, 437, 455, 477; Perthshire Sweet Pea, 125; Portsmouth Chrys., 375; Por- tumna Hort.. 184; Potters Bar and District Amateur Rose, 19, 75 ; Putney, Wandsworth, and District Chrys,, 376; Ravleigh and District Hort., 76, 398; Reading Gardeners', 83, 399, 438, 479 ; Reigato Hort., 60 ; Rei- gate Rose and Sweet Pea, 34 ; Rochford and District Hort. and Chrys.. 397; Rothesay Hort., 184; Royal Agric, 34; Royal Caledonian Hort., 235 ; Royal Hort., 54. 76, 99, 122, 141, 160, 181, 214, 217, 202, 252, 271, 288. 303, 320, 339, 354. 375, 392, 414. 432, 455. 475; (Fruit Show), 304; Holland House Show), 33 : (Orchid Show). 355; (Spring Bulb Show). 176; (Summer Show), 12; Royal Hort. of Ireland, 34, 60. 202; Royal Lancashire Agricultural, 124 ; Royal Sleteorological, 435 ; Roval Scottish Arboricultural, 73 ; (Visit to Deeside) , 58 ; Royal Southampton Rose, 76 ; Rudding- ton and District Gardeners', 438 ; Saltaire, Shipley, and District Rose, 77; Sanquhar Hort., 438; Scottish Hort., 33, 101, 142, 219, 290, 395, 478; Shropshire Hort., 161, 177; Smithfield Club, 456; Societe Royale d'Horticulture de Bruges, 143 ; Southampton Chrys., 377; Stirling and Dis- trict Hort., 60, 223, 438, 479; Stirling Chrys., 378; Stirling Hort., 220; Streathara Sweet Pea and Rose, 144 ; Tor- quay District Gardeners', 377 ; Taunton Deane Hort. , 122 ; Ulster Hort., 415; Union of Horticultural Mutual Improve- ment Societies, 303 ; United Horticultural Benefit and Provi- dent, 34, 144, 222, 323, 399, 478 ; Wargrave and District Gar- deners', 60, 399, 438, 479; Watford Hort., 235, 398; West Derby Hort.. 125; West of England Chrys., 398; Weston- super-Mare and District Chrys., 435; W'est Surrey Hort., 66; Winchester Chrys., 415; Windsor Chrys., 378; Wolver- hampton Floral Fete, 57 ; Women's Agric. and Hort. Inter- national Union, 339 ; Woolton Chrys., 378. Soil conditions and plant growth, 248 Soil, partial sterilisation of by lime, 487; sewage-sick. 370; st-erilisa- tion of, 432, 441 ; sickness in greenhouse, 372 .Solanum Wendlandii, 65 South Africa, importation of bees- wax into, 137 ; importation of Potatos into, 118 ; notes from, 386, 422; restrictions on the importa- tion of plants into, 302; the Eugenias of, 127, 179, 192 South Eastern Agricultural College, Wye, 413 South London Botanical Institute, Heine Hill, presentation to, 233 Sphsrotheca Mors-uvEe (American Gooseberry-mildew). 421 Spiranthes liomanzoviana. 367, 442 Spiranth. the Irish, 367 Spores, Fern, longevity of, 7, 74 Spraying Apple trees, 215 ; to de- stroy scale insects, 118 Stanhopea oculata, 121; S. platy- ceras, 402 Statice sinuata Prince Chamois, 249 Stauropsis Philippinensis. 43 Steele, the late David, 387 Sterilising soil, 432, 441, 487 ; a lec- ture on, 417 Stevenson, Thomas {Chrysanlhe- mums), 295 Storm at Henham Gardens, Wang- ford, 181 Strasburger, Dr. Eduard (Text Book of Botany), 211 Strawberry aphis, Myzus fragariae, 197 Strawlnerry-growing in Ontario, 390 Strawberry season, the, 41 Strawberries, and slugs, 99 ; in 1912, 98; sun-dried, 178; the propaga- tion of, 208 Strike of seedsmen, 317, 372 Sulphur for Chrysanthemums, 412 Sutton. Martin H. F. [The Book of the Lhiks), 196 Swanley Horticultural College, 31 Sweet Pea, branched inflorescence of, 122 Sweet Peas : and blue tits, 287, 318, 330, 349. 367 ; at Mark's Tev, 3 ; at Wood Green Park Estate, Ches- hunt, 1?8; Conference on, 322. 407; double standards in, 53. 136, 181 ; in April, 260, 266, 287 ; in Scotland, 159; rogues in, 407; some recent developments in. 169 ; propagated from cuttings, 226 Sweet Pea trials at Reading, 250 ; the National Society's, 340 Synchytrium endobioticura, wart disease of Potato, 327 Taxation of land, 95 Taylor, Mrs. Basil [Japanese Gar- dening), 312 Teasdale, Mr. J. J., presentation to, 31 Tennis courts, 344 ; treatment of, 444 Thecostele Zollinger!, 42 The Glebe, Sevenoaks, Orchids at, 329 The Hill, Hampstead, 482 Thomson, Mr. William, presenta- tion to, 286 Tilia, species of, in the Arnold Ar- boretum, U.S.A., 87 Timber, for clog soles, 452 ; mea- surement of, 320 Tissot, M., Legion d'Hormeur awarded to, 391 Tits in the garden, 235, 251, 270, 392, 454 Tobacco-growing in Hampshire, 253 ; in Ontario, 336, 452; on fruit farms, 203 Tomato chutney, receipt for, 336 Tomato culture", 475 ; for profit, 106 Tomato rust, 268 Tomatos, a fine crop of, 385 Towns, a lecture on beautifying, 412 Transplanting Peach trees, 226 Transvaal, flora of the, 250 Tree at Fyvie planted by Queen Victoria, 251 Tree growth in Belgium, 226 Tree stumps, clearing land of, 197 Tree trunks, to arrest decay in, 203 Trees, and shrubs, 6, 44, ill, 153. 191. 243, 329, 473; at Bayford- bury, 473; autumn tints of North American, 329; destruction of, 474 ; for profitable planting, 463 ; overhanging a neighour's garden, 96 ; supporting heavy and diseased branches of, 463 ; the management of decavini;. 406 Trials at'Wislev. 1913. 267, 431; of Sweet Peas, 340 ; at Reading, 250 Tulipa dasystemon, 206 Tulip tree, the golden, 33 Tulips, the forcing of, 403 Tutcher, W. J., and S. T. Dunn (Flora of Kwnngtung and Hong Kong), 64 L^omyces caryophyllinus (Carnation rust fungus), 389 Vacant Ground Cultivation Society, London, 51 Vegetable marrows, hospital chari- ties and, 177 Vegetable show at Manchester, 235 Vegetables, 206, 264 Vegetation of the Leatherhead Downs, notes on the, 404 Veronica cinerea, 227 Viburnum coriaceum, 413 Vienna, Conference on Gardening at, 409 ; Horticultural Exhibition, 1913, 94 Vines, culture of, 99, 122; border for, 420 ; mealy bug on, 480 ; mil- dew, 52 ; pergola at Kew fur- nished with, 428; pinching the sub-laterals of, 99, 122; red spider on, 240 Viola " Edina," 201 Violas, R.H.S. trials of, 177, 214 Viscum album in China, 147 W Wahlenbekgia pumilio, 252; W. viucieflora, 216 Wales, forestry in, 214 War, the effect of, on the fruit trade, 452 Ward, Mr. F. Kingdon, travels in China, 326 Wart disease of Potatos. 326, 391, 432, 475 ; in Canada, 285 Washington, U.S..\., methods of clearing land from tree stumps in, 197 Wasps, house flitting by, 181 ; prizes offered for queen, 96 Water Lilies, a lecture on, 183 ; the North American species of, 158 Water-Lily house at Kew Gardens, 298 ; in September, 293, 313 W'ater weeds, the destruction of, 95 Watson, Mr. James, presentation to, 370 Watsonia Ardernei, 129 Waugh, F. M. (Beginners' Guide to Fruit Growing), 94 Weeds on ponds, to destroy, 62, 96 Welsh national emblem, the. 317 Wheat, experiments in growing, 487 ; production and rainfall, 372 White, James Walter (The Flora of Bristol), 65 White, Mr. Edward, visits Canada and Sweden, 233 Wild garden, a Gloucestershire, 309, 331 Wild nature, a reserve of, 452 Williamson, William (The Small Landowner's Handbook), 467 Willow timber for cricket bats, 312 Winter-garden at Avery Hill, the L.C.C., 302 Wright, Walter P. (The New Gar- dening), 191 Wrotham Park Gardens, fruit at, 270 Wisley, trials at, 257 Woburn forests, the, 422 Woodlands, a sale of, 312 Woodlice in glasshouses, to destroy, 166 Worms, abnormal, 110 Xanthoceras sorbifolia in Cam- bridge Botanic Garden, 111 Yorkshire Gala, 1913, 390 Yunnan, plant collecting in, 1 Zimmer, G. F. (.-1 Popular Diction- ary of Botanical Names and Terms with their English Equivalents), 6 Zoological Gardens, Regent's Park, summer bedding at the, 302 Vlll. The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [December 28, 1912. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Abies destroyed by lichen in a Chinese forest, 325 Achillea Ptarmica "Perry's White," 234 Adair Place, Engleiield Green, 353 ; views in the gardens at, 354, 365 Adiantum cuneatum var, niicro- pinnulum, 289 Adnitt, Mr. H. W., portrait of, 454 ^sculus chinensis, in China, 346, 348 ; stem of, 347 iEthionema amoenum on the rock garden at Kew, 199 Ajaccio, Corsica, view of, 424 Allobophora chlorotica, " hare- lip" in, 110; A. longa without growth, 110 Amaryllus procera, 73 Apples : Crawley Beauty, 474 ; Pad- nail Seedling, 413 Arches, designs for rustic, 190 Asparagus Lutzii, flowering spray of, 425 Astilbe simplicifolia, 101 ; A. "Ava- lanche," 11 Australian " bush - house " for plants, 139 Bbgoniasj Decorator, 124 ; Florence Nightingale, 95 ; Clibran's Pink, 492; Lucy Clibran, 387; Splen- dour, 392 ; at Twerton Hill Nur- sery, Bath, 198 Bowkeria Gerardiana flowering in a Devonshire garden, 140 Brockhurst, East Grinstead, vieivs in the gardens at, 259, 250, 252, 263 Bulb-bowl, a new, 274 " Bush-house " for plants, an Aus- tralian, 139 Buxus Henryi, flowers and foliage of, 423 Campanula Allionii on a moraine, 52 ; C. cenisia growing in the moraine at Ingleborough, 43; C. Petraea, 132 ; C. speciosa, 159 Carghese, Corsica, views of, 455 Carica, seeds of, germinating with- in the fruits, 145 Carnations : Benora, 297 ; John Kidd, 25; Mrs. A. F. Button, 433; Rosette, 267; Salmon En- chantress, 393 Carrot roots spirally twisted, 287 Cassia corymbosa trained as a speci- man plant, 138 Cattleva artemis, 65 ; C. Dupreana "The Dell" variety, 451; C. Mossiue var. A. Dimmock, 97 ; C. rubens " The Kaiser," 51 ; C. Warscewiczii "Low's variety," 86 Cercis Siliquastrum at Twyford Lodge, near Winchester, 6 Chermes abietis, gaU produced by, 292 China, the Yangtze river 3,000 miles from its mouth, 325 ; view of the Mekong-Yang-Tze watershed in, 1 ; home of the blue Meconopsis, 2 Chrysanthemums : Celia, 305 ; Queen Mary, 357 ; Mrs. Swinburne, 443 Clethra arborea, 100 Colchicum autumnale, double white variety, 152 ; C. Bornmuelleri, 157 ; C. spociosum, the white variety of, 153 Condie, James, portrait of the late, 223 Corsica, the forests of Aitone, 425 ; views of, 424, 446, 447 Corte village, Corsica, 447 Crinum Powellii in Sir Trevoi Lawren£e's garden at Burford, Surrey ,^8 Cucumbers growing in partially sterilised and in unsterilised soil, 372 Cynoglossum coeruleum, 444 Cypripedium x Latona, 402; C. Viking, 453 D Daphne x Thauma, 22 Dean, Alexander, portrait of the late, 150 Dendrobium Schiitzei, inflorescence of, 229 Deutzia myriantha, 45 Dimorphotheca Ecklonis, 159 Dioscorea bulbifera, 313 Earthwoems, abnormal, 110 Echinocactus (Astrophytum) myrio- stigma, a flowering plant of, 229 Edraianthus serpyliifolius on a moraine, 53 Eelworms in roots of Melon, 31 Erica campanulata, 382 ; E. clenna grandiflora, 382 ; E. colorans, 382 ; E. per.spicua, 382 ; E. regia varie- gata, 382 ; and E. Walkeria. 382 Eriobotrya japonica, fruiting branch of, 319 Eucalyptus Globulus in a Torquay garden, 111 Eugenia pnsilla, 192; E. Simii, 179 Euphorbia mauiitanica fasciation in, 209 F Fabiana imbricata, 210 Flowers, types of double, 357, 358 Forests of Provence, views of the, 89, 90, 112, 113, 130, 131 Galls caused by Chermes abietis, 292 Gaultheria oppositifolia, 109 Glenart Castle, Arklow, Co. Wick- low, view in the gardens at, '349 Gloucestershire wild garden, views in a, 309, 310, 311 Golfe de Porto, Corsica, view of, 446 Grape-bottle, Taylor's new, 144 Harrow and gridiron methods of sterilising soil, the, 417 Hartland, W. Baylor, the late, 255 Helenium, a proliferous, 240 Helianthemum marifolium, section of flower of, showing poUen tubes, 457 Hoheria populnea, 355 Horner, Rev. F. D., the late, 61 Humanwlis mollis, fruiting branch of, 488 Hydrangea hortensis in a Hamp- shire garden, 251 I Iris bracteata, 338 ; I. Kaempferi in a Yokohama nursery, 476 ; I. reticulata, 339 Kniphofia John Benary, 252 L.ELIO-CATTLEYA Baroness Emma, 23; L.-C. memoria H. A. Tracy, 242; L.-C. rubens " The Kaiser," 51 La Mortola, Italy, the residence and gardens, 158 Lardizabala biternata, 457 Leatherhead Downs, vegetation of the, 404, 405, 406 Lilium candidum in a Devon gar- den, 87 Lobelia Tupa at Benchil, Broughty Ferry, 243 Loquat, fruits of the, 319 M Malvastrum campanulatum, 193 Mantjo, tree of the round-fruited, 464 Mekong-Yangtze divide, China, view in, 326 Melon frame heated by a natural hot-water spring, 208 Melon plant, eel-worms in roots of, 31 Merodon Narcissi, the Narcissus fly, 278 Mistleto on a Persimmon tree in Southern Shensi, 147,148 Musssenda Sanderiana, 228 N Narcissus fly, the, 278 Naunton, Mr. W. W., portrait of, 455 Nelumbium speciosum in the Lily house at Kew, 119 ; flowers of, presented to Queen Mary, 117 Normanhurst, Sussex, 279 Nuneham Park, views in the gar- dens at, 26, 27, 32 Oqontioda Madeline, 102 Odontoglossum amabile " Weston- birt variety," 42; 0. crispum Bumble Bee, 128 Odontonia Edna, 35 Onosma helveticum, 280 ; O. seri- ceum, 281 Oranges, sorting and gathering, in Italy, 451, 462 Patrinia triloba, 55 Pear, a proliferous, 224 Pear fruit borne on mature wood, 158 Pergola at The Hill, Hampstead, 482 Phalsenopsis amabilis, pollinated and unpoUinaled columns of, 457; P. intermedia " Portei," flowers of, 453 Philadelphus " virginal," 47 Pigs, feeding wild, in India, 465 Pinus, rooted cutting of, 384 ; P. syl- vestris, a cutting of, showing cal- lus formation, 384 Podocarpus formosensis, 295 Polygonum campanulatum, 489 Polypodium Mandaianum, 24 Pontederia cordata in an Indian garden, 455 Poster distributed by the Canadian Ministry of Agriculture, illustrat- ing wart disease of Potato, 337 Potatos, wart disease of, 327; on foliage, 328 Primula Forsteri on the moraine, 490 ; P. glutinosa (printed integri- folia) in the Tyrol, 258 ; P. mala- coides, 308 ; P. sinensis " White Queen Star," 188; giant variety of, 189; P. suffrutescens on a rockery, 225 Provence, views of the forests of 89, 90, 112, 113, 130, 131 Prunus iliqueliana, 432 Purser, Henry, portrait of the late, 418 Radish, twisted root of, 270 Rhododendron Augustinii, 4j B. Fargesii, 5 Rosebank, Berkhamsted, Rose, Ben nett's Seedling, at, 64 Rose garden at the School of Gun nery. Whale Island, 39 Roses : Bennett's Seedling at Rose- bank, Berkhamsted, 54 ; Edward Bohane, 272; Mrs. Charles E. Pearson, 238; Mrs. Charles S. Hunting, 16; Mrs. MacKeUar, 253 Russell, Mr. E. J., portrait of, 10 8 Saxifraga longiflora in a Devon shire garden, 244 ; in the Jardir d'acclimatation, Geneva, 245 ; S. Rudolphiana in an Irish garden, 227 Scolopendrium vulgare crispum no- bile. 335 Seeds and seed-pods, types of, 345 Sezincot House, Gloucestershire, views at, 170, 171, 172, 173 Silene Hookeri on the rock-garden at Kew, 44 Sinomenium diversifolium, 411 Stanhopea oculata in Mr. Koett- gen's collection, 121 Sweet Pea " Mrs. William King," branched inflorescence of, 122 Synchytrium endobioticum, wart disease of Potato, 327 The Hill, Hampstead, views in the gardens at, 482, 483 Trophy for model rock-garden, 472 Tomatos. a fine crop of, 385, 372 Tulipa dasystemon, 205 Tydsea amabilis, 134 Vanda coerulea " Lady Holford," 356 Vegetables exhibited by Hon. Vicary Gibbs at the National Vegetable Society's exhibition. 291 Viburnum coriaceum, 371 Viscum album on a Persimmon teee in Southern Shensi, 147, 148 W Wahlenberoia vincseflora, 215 Wart disease of Potatos, 327; poster illustrating, 337 Watsonia Meriana Ardernei, 129 Wild garden, views in a Gloucester- shire, 309, 310, 311 Yangtze River, China, view of the, 325 SUPPLEMENTARY ILLUSTRATIONS. NtWEHAM Park, view in the gabdbns at (July 13) Pergola in an Italian qabdkn (September 28) KOCKERY AT FBIAB'S HoUSE, BaRRY ISLAND (AugUSt 17) BosB Blush Rambler trainkd on an archway (September 21) Sweet Pea "Mat Campbell" (August 31) Thb Hill, Hampstead (December 28) Water Lilt House, Kew Gardens, showing Typhonodobum Likdlbt- anum (September 7) Coloured Plates. American Gooseberby-mildew (Sphaebotheca mobs-uvab) (December 7) Echium Wildpretii (October 26) HippEASTRUM procerum (July 27) Miltonia "Memoria Baron Schroder" (November 9) Momobdica Chabantia (December 21) Odontioda Lambeauiana J' Wkstombirt variety" (Octobet 12) Prunos nana rubra (November 23) JuLi 6, 1912.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. THE ^iirbeners'^bronule No. 1,338.~SATURDAY, July 6, 1918. CONTENTS. Benevolent Institution, Nursery notes— Gardeners' Royal 10 Dotbie & Co., Marks Bocks, notices of— Tey 3 Botanical Terms 6 Obituary — How to Make an Or- Astriidge. John 20 chard in British Pea, Carter's Eight Coh mbia S Weeks 7 Oxftrd Gardens 6 Plant collecting in Yun- The Story of My Rock nan ... 1 Garden 5 Propagation, problems of a Carnai:ons, ■ ouvenir de R h 0 d o dendron Augus- la Miilmaison 10 tinii and R. Fargesii ... 1 Cercis Siliquaslrum 6 Rosary, the- Clarke, Mr. J. O. 7 Cultuial notes f'lr July i Fern spores, longevity of 7 Rothamsted, new director Fyfe, the late William .. 7 of 10 Gardeners, classification Societies- of 7 National Rose ... 10 17 Holland House Show, Potters Bar and Dis- the 12 trict Amateur Rose... 19 Horticultural education 7 Royal Horticnilutal .. 12 Hurst & ions' outing .. 10 Trees and shrubs — International Show, Dipteroma sinensis ... 6 prizes at the. 10 ; pre- Week's work, the- sentations in connec- Aniary, the 9 tion with the 10 Flower garden, the ... 8 Lenotre. Andr^, Fruits uiu'er glass ... 9 niemnrial to 10 Hardy fruit garden, the 8 London's vacant land as Kitchen garden, the ... 8 gardens 7 O. chid houses, the ... « Nesting, places, curious 7 Plants under glass ... t ILLUSTRATIONS. Astilbe Avalanche Cercis Siliquastrum at Twyford Lodge, Hampshire Meconopsis, home of the blue Mekong-Yang-tze watershed, the Rhododendron Auguslinii, 4 ; R. Fargesii Rose Mrs. Charles S. Hunting Russell, Dr. E. J., portrait of PLANT COLLECTING IN YUNNAN. HOW many of those who wander through English gardens pause to ask where the different flowers come from and what their natural habitats are Hke? A Primula, for example, a Phlox with lovely pink flowers, or a Didymocarpus aiTests the eye ; but can we picture them in their native home 1 It may be that great naturalist-traveller Fortune intro- duced this plant from China more than 30 years ago ; that, perhaps, was brought back from Bhotan some 70 years since by the late Sir Joseph Hooker. Of more recent collectors, Dr. Augus^ tine Henry and Messrs. Wilson and Forrest have introduced many a beautiful plant from remote China. The great mountain ranges of the world — the Andes and the Rockies, the Himalayas, the Karakorum, and the vast ranges of Western China — have been put under tribute to make our English gardens what they are to-day. It is worth going a long way to see an Alpine slope purple with dwarf Primulas or scarlet with Azaleas, to behold a rich meadow full of waving grasses yellow with Meconopsis integrifolia, or to gaze upon groups of the magnificent Lilium gigan- teum herded together in the forest, each stem 10 feet high and bearing aloft a dozen immense white, trumpet-shaped flowers. But to see a single plant of the Cam- bridge-blue Meconopsis, even though its specific rank be as yet undetermined, is worth a lifetime or a king's ransom. Picture the scene as we approach the limit of plants on the great rocky moun- tain chain which separates the Mekong from the Yang-tze, barely 30 miles dis- tant from it as the crow flies. The forest has long since died away, the last straggling dwarf trees lie 1,000 feet below us. The shrub belt has also been left, and the scrub Pihododendron has dwindled to dwarf species rising only a few inches from the ground ; soon these too die out, and we reach a short turf with tufts oi Saxifrage amongst the rocks. Bleak and bare the precipices tower above us, and vast screes, with .■nake sure, for a light blue stone in a grey world is not a thing to pass by at 17,000 feet. Even then I could not believe my good fortune. I thought it was a " sport," handsome, no doubt, but not likely to be repeated. Nor was it a very good specimen, for it had opened early ; it was only the end of June, a bitter grey day, with scudding cloud, which obscured the sun and toned down the overwhelming brilliance of the light at these altitudes. But in July I returned, and there were scores of these wonderful Poppies peeping up from the dark cavities of the scree or sheltering beneath scattered boulders. Each flower was an inch across, of a bright Cambridge blue, with a mass of golden stamens in the centre. I had to hunt for them, but though they were in hiding, there they were ; rarely did the plant exceed 12 inches in height, but 8 or 10 flowers, each borne on a short pedicel, springing up parallel to the main axis, was no uncommon sight. Then the full joy of collecting in th« Fig. I. — THE MEKONG-YANG-TZE WATERSHED, SEEN FROM THE TSA-LEI-LU, AT 15,800 FEET ELEVATION. huge, angular lumps of rock, litter the slopes. A biting wind comes screaming over the pass and chills us through, hot from our long climb ; wraiths of cloud form out of nothing, disappear, and re- form around the limestone towers. We are over 17,000 feet above sea-level, but, save in the deep corries and in the shelter of rocks, there is no snow here from June to September. Grim and for- bidding, the great, grey masses of rock lie in confusion everywhere, silent memorials of the glaciers which long ago moulded these hanging valleys to their present form. And amongst these grey boulders we must look for the Cambridge-blue Poppy. We shall never find it in masses, nor even several plants together, but " remote, un- friendly, alone." Despite its solitary state, we see it from afar. Well do I remember the first plant I saw — I thought at first that it was a blue stone, yet I climbed over the scree to waste places of the earth burst upon me, and my heart rejoiced. Can anyone call to mind a flower of a perfect Cambridge-blue which is not " washy " ? Probably not, for it is an un- common colour. Imagine, then, these glowing gems in that cold, grey desert of rock up at the extreme limit of flowering plants, towards the everlasting snows of north-western Yunnan. A field of such Poppies would be a sight for the gods to feast their eyes upon, and for mortals too great a joy. In autumn, when the wind was ripping to ribbons the blasted vegetation, and the snow was creeping down, I returned to the haunt of the blue Poppy and har- vested great quantities of seed, some of which has already germinated at the Edin- burgh Botanic Garden. The plant is not, I believe, new to science, but new to horticulture it cer- tainly is, and, should it survive, it will, we may hope, find its way into many THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 6, 1912. famous English gardens and rank for all time amongst the unsurpassables. On the more rainy mountain barrier which separates the Mekong from the Salween, we passed through meadows of sulphur-yellow Meconopsis integrifolia — a plant which grows in its thousands, sufficient almost to colour the stream sides ; but here we are only 13,000 feet above sea level, and the summer rainfall is enormous. Even more beautiful per- haps are the damp, grassy meadows above the villages in the valley, where, at 12,000 feet, the yellow Primula sik- kimensis grows in dense masses, with many other flowers. But enough has been said. Beautiful as are our English gar- dens, their fascination pales before that of the untamed plants in their savage haunts. F. Kingdon Ward. PROBLEMS OF PROPAGATION.* I BELIEVE that aU plants may be propagated vegetatively — some easily, some with more or less difficulty; and, therefore, in view of the widely-spread impression to the contrary, I think it is worth while to endeavour to remove the misconception. No more appropriate opportunity could come to me than this occasion, when we commemorate the service to horticulture of Dr. Masters, whose life was devoted to establishing a solid groundwork of scientific truth for the practice of horticulture. It must be said at the beginning that, for practical gardening purposes, vegetative propa- gation of many plants is a matter of no moment — it is not worth while. Annual plants, for in- stance, provide in their copious seed production all that the gardener wishes for. But the knowledge that there is no reason why every desirable plant should not be perpetuated anil multiplied by the vegetative process of cuttings — provided that insistent requirements are properly attended to — ought to be an encourage- ment to all gardeners, and should stimulate fur- ther endeavour with difficult subjects of the plant world. " It can't be done," in reference to such propagation, is a phrase that should not cross the lips of a gardener. In order to demonstrate the soundness of tlie view which I have expressed and wish to sustain, I must, in the first place, recall the construction of an ordinary flowering plant, so far as it relates specially to this question. The essential thing to remember in regard to one of these plants is that it is composed of a sheet of protoplasm (living substance) stretched over a skeleton. From root-tips to stem-tips and leaf-points there is this living substance dis- tributed in plant-cells — some in more active state, some in less active state, but each cell of it having to start with and retaining more or less for a time the potentialities of every other cell. The plant is, in fact, a colonial organisation. In ordinary conversation we speak of a plant as an individual, but it is not an individual in the sense in which one of the higher animals is an individual. From such an individual no part grows up into a new individual, no part can be removed with- out mutilation. Its organs are highly specialized, and for its individuality it pays the penalty of being mortal. From the colonial plant, on the other hand, parts may be removed and others formed to take the place of those removed, and, as you know, a removed part may form an entire new plant again. A new plant may grow up from any- where. Sucker shoots on roots of Cherry, for example; young plantlets on the margin of leaves of Bryophyllum are familiar objects in garden- ing. All this is possible because every young, active cell has the capacity of every other cell— and the plant is potentially immortal. Take the case of am Iris. The plant creeps along in the soil, forming additions to its body, branching, growing onwards, whilst its older • Lecture delivered by Professor I. Bayley Balfour, F.R.S., at the meeting of the Royal Horlioultural Society on June i, being the eighth Masters Memorial Lecture. parts die off. If accident be excluded, there is no reason why the plant should not live for ever. Apply to a forest tree the conception thus derived from an Iris. The extension here is into the air ; but it is of the same character. There is dying off behind of old parts in the heart of the tree, and in the bark that is shed ; but a suppoi-t remains for the copious canopy of branches and leaves. Of the great age reached by some trees we are all cognisant. There is, then, in the constitution of the plant everything conducing to perpetuation of a vege- tative kind. If we wish to utilise the organisa- tion of the plant for multiplication of indi- viduals, it is from Nature herself that we must learn in the matter of vegetative propagation, and all our practice must be based upon and developed out of the principles that we see in operation in Nature. Let us take a very simple case — that of the Strawberry, or of Saxifraga Brunoniana. Here long branches are sent out, trailing on the sur- face of the soil. The bud in the axil of the small leaf on such a branch is nourished by the mother-plant at first. Then the stimulus of moisture at the position of the bud evokes the formation of roots below it, the bud shoots out into a branch, absorbs food from the soU and the air, and becomes an independent plant, ulti- there are the so-called "bulblets." What are they ? Merely buds in which some leaves have been developed as fleshy stores of food material, and, being thus supplied, the mother-plant casts them early. In contact with water as a stimulus, they form roots at the expense of their store of food material, and the bud elongates as an in- cipient shoot. The two factors — food store and water stimulus — are operative here. That such separable propagative bulblets or tuberous bodies of various kinds are not nearly so common amongst dicotylous as amongst mono- cotylous plants is a fact of phyletic interest, and it is one, too, of this practical import in gar- dening— that, without these bulblets, corms, or the like, our gardens would be deprived of the enrichment they derive through the free and rapid propagation of monocotylous plants. But Nature proceeds in another way at times. Supposing an injury has been done, say, to a branch, by which it is broken off near the base. Nature tries to protect the wound and repair the injury by the familiar process of forming a callus. If the stump of the branch be too long, this is ineffectual, and rotting passes down to the centre of the tree. But if the stump be short, or if we assist Nature by clean cutting the ba*e of the bixjken branch, as in sound pruning, the callus covers the wound entirely, all trace of it disappears, and from the margin of the iFhotograph by F. Kmgdun Waid. Fig. 2. — HOME OF THE MECONOPSIS: NORTH-WEST Yl'NNAN, l6,000 FEET ELEVATION. mately losing connection with the mother-plant through withering and breakage of the linking portion of branch. In this we have a process of normal vegetable propagation in Nature, of which the following are the conditions : — 1. The young bud has an ample food-supply from the mother-plant until it has rooted itself. 2. The roots develop in response to the pro- longed stimulus of water and at the ex- pense of food supplied by the mother. These two factors are primary. They underlie all vegetative propagation. Without food-sup- ply, without water, vegetative propagation is impossible, and the gardener has to secure the presence of both of these if he is to succeed in any propagation. A like case is often seen in large trees of which some of the branches have reached the ground. They are still attached to the mother- plant, but at the point where they touch the ground the stimulus of moisture induces the de- velopment of roots, and the end of the branch above this point becomes an independent tree. What in the tree is usually self-extension in branching, here becomes self-propagation, and the tree imitates the condition of many herbaceous plants. In the Strawberry and Saxifraga Brunoniana, the mother-plant does not part with the young offspring until the latter is self-established. But take the case of Dentaria bulbifera. Here healing cushion there may be formed many small shoots — miniatures of the branch that was lost. All know also that it a tree has been felled, say, for coppicing, and the clean-cut stump left, from the callus formed all round the margin of the tree many stool-shoots may be formed, and the tree may, in time, through one or more of tnese, replace the head that has )>een removed. This callus is of supreme importance in rela- tion to propagation. It consists of a quantity of indifferent meristem-cells — cells, that is to say, which are capable of dividing and multiply- ing, but whose fate has not been definitely deter- mined. Circumstances and relative position will determine that. Callus may arise from any mass of living cells under the stimulus of wounding. In an ordinary dicotylous stem or root, it may take origin in the pith, in the medullary rays, in the cortex, or in the active wood-cambium, and it forms lobulated projecting masses at the point where it occurs. Perhaps, in most cases, the wood-cambium is the most important seat of its formation. In a monocotylous stem where callus develops, the cortex is the chief seat of formation, but there is a noteworthy difference from dicotylous plants observable in monocotylous ones. They more rarely form a callus, but are content to heal wounds by a cork covering only. In a leaf, the callus comes from the living cells of the veins. In all situations the callus has the same poten- tialities. It is a wound-protecting tissue to July 6, 1912.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. begin with, but its cells may be absorptive, and may also take on the work of restoration of the plant-body by producing organs tliat have been removed by wounding. It is a sign of the colonial organisation of the plant. In the light of the knowledge of the facts to ■which I have referred, the gardener has to solve the problem of propagation by cuttings. Multiplication by layering is simply putting a mother-plant in a position in which its shoots have ample opportunity of rooting at the nodes, and so initiating new plants. Multiplication by division is merely the fol- lowing of Nature's own process, as seen in the increase of an Iris by the dying off behind of its older parts and consequent separation of its newer ones. Propagation by Cuttings. Multiplication by cuttings means the isolation from their previous food and water supply of parts not specially prepared to lead an indepen- dent existence, and the art of the gardener is devoted to calling out the exercise by the severed part of the plant of potentialities in the direc- tion of wound-protection and in organ-restitu- tion. He has to secure that the part used as cutting retains adequate moisture until such time as new water-absorbing organs are formed through the utilisation of such food material as is already in the cutting, or which it may ac- (juire. The water-relation is the primary one. Once the severed part provides itself with the means of getting a continuous water supply, it is in the state known as "struck." Further de- velopment is a matter of time, and, although often very slow, is open to hastening by appro- ])riate stimuli. The enormous variety of constitution exhibi- ted by plants makes the problem one of no ordinary complexity. Some plants — so-called soft-wooded plants — offer no difficulty. Hard- wooded plants frequently do, and the reason."! are obvious. The key is in the water-relation. For other reasons, which I shall afterwards refer to, resinous plants and those that are rich in the milky fluid called "latex" may also be difficult subjects for propagation by cuttings. Of the many factors which the gardener ought to consider in relation to propagation by cut- tings, I can only refer to a few, and I shall begin by saying something about the parts of the plant used. The most common procedure in propagation by cuttings is that by shoot-cuttings, and the operation is familiar to everyone. Take an ordinary example of a dicotylous plant. A short terminal portion of shoot, with buds, is cut off from a mother-plant, and the cut end is placed in a nidus of moist sand or other material. Sooner or later, if the cutting is inserted at a right depth so that aeration is adequate, as the result of wound-stimulus callus forms on the basal end of the stem of the cutting in the soil, and mainly from the cambium. Then roots shoot out. These roots may emerge from the callus, but may come from the stem above the callus as well, or may emerge from there alone, and we see in this how the stimulus spreads from the point of application. The cutting is thus established as an independent plant. The portion of shoot actually placed in the soil elon- gates at the top, forms more branches and leaves, and we get thus simply an extension of growth of a shoot which is now no longer at- tached to the mother-plant. There has been much discussion amongst propagators over the question — ought the leaves at the base of the shoot used as a cutting to be removed or not ? Some propagators remove them, others prefer to leave them. I know of no definite comparative experiments bearing on the advantage of one practice over the other. The practice of leaving them has these advan- tages : — (a) The cutting is saved the healing of the wound caused by the severance ; - Cattleyas, &c. The crowning plant in their ex- hibit was Brasso-Cattleya x Marion, a very showy hybrid of unknown parentage. The centre of the group was composed of their hybrid Disa Luna, the best and most floriferous of the genus ; whilst showy Cattleyas and La>lio-Cattleyas, the white Dendrobium Dearei, Vanda ccerulea, Odontoglossums, &c., were also included. Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, showed a selection of good, new Orchids, a pretty form of Laelio-Cattleya Ceres, with yellow petals tinged with rose ; L.-C. Martinettii Vesuvius, a showy, bronzy yellow, with light claret lip ; the deep i HOLLAND HOUSE SHOW. Fig. 8. — rose mrs. charles s. hunting: colour (See Awards of Merit.) ^I RlCOT-iEI LOW. Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, staged an extensive group, in which the Laelio- Cattleyas and forms of Cattleya Warscewiczii were very fine. In a raised gi'oup in the centre were Acineta Humboldtii, various white Cattleyas, scarlet Renanthera Imschootiana, the fine Coelogyr.e Lowii, Chysis Sedenii, and in front various Masdevalliafi, and other showy species. Among the Dendrobiums were the rare D. aurantiacum, and others noted were Lselia tenebrosa Walton Grange var. ; good scarlet Odontiodas ; some elegant Oncidiums, Cattleya Mendelii alba ; C. Mossiae Queen Mary ; two batches of Vanda teres ; good Miltonias, and other showy Orchids. blue Bollea Lalindei ; Miltonia vexillaria Lam- beauiana, with a profusion of white flower.". Mr. E. V. Low, Vale Bridge, Haywards Heath, showed a small group in which were Cattleya Mossiae Wageneri Vale Bridge variety, C. M. Reineckiana, the white C. x Myra Peeters ; Ccelogyne pandurata, Cattleya Dietrichiana, and others. Mr. H. A. Tracy, Orchid Nursery, Amyand Park Road, Twickenham, staged a repre- sentative group, in which the varieties of Laelio- Cattleya Canhamiana and other L^lio-Cal t- leyas were effective. Cattleya Whytei bore six flowers ; C. Mossiae Wageneri, home-raised, a clear snow-white flower, with yellow disc to the July 6, 1912.] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 17 lip, and oome hybrid Odontoglossums were con- spicuous. Of species, the true Bulbophyllum Baurocephalura, and some other botanical species were remarked. The pretty fornis of Cattleya Mendelii in this group were effective. Messrs. J. & A. A. McBe.^n, dwksbridge, showed Miltonia vcxiUaria Rotundia, a large and very beautiful flower, and Cattleya Warscewiczli Gladiator, a noble flower of fine colour, and otbers. F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., Oxford, showed several grandly-grown Odontoglossums, a very handsome specimen of 0. crispum of the typical form being specially noticeable. Mr. W. J. Biggs, North Enfield, showed Cattleya JMossiae alba Biggs' variety, the finest white C. Mossise yet shown. The flowers were very large, broad in all paits, and snow white. J. S. Moss, Esq., Wintershill, Great Waltham, showed a pretty hybrid between Odontoglossum crispum and 0. X Othello. Mr. H.4RRY Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, Wandsworth Common, staged a pretty group of Odontoglossums, Cattleya Warscewiczli in fine , varieties, two fine white Cattleya Mossise Wageneri, and other Orchids. AWARDS. First-class Certificates. Cattleya Artnnis (C. X Iris X C. Gaskdl- ianaj, from Lieut. -Col. Sir Geo. L. Holford K.C.V.O. (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander).— A very beautiful flower of perfect shape, with pearly- pink sepals and petals, and intense ruby-crimson front to the lip, which has a large yellow disc with white base and red lines. Miltonia Ilijeana Le Conquerant, from Mon- sieur Jules Hye de Crom, Ghent (gr. M. Coen). — A grand flower, white with a light lilac tint and a deep purple mask in the lip. Cattleya Dupreana The Dell variety (Warneri X Warscfwicziii, from Baron Bruno Schroder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. i\Ir. J. E. Shill). One of the largest and most beautiful of hybrid Cattleyas, it may be likened to an enlarged C. Warneri with the lip of the rich ruby crimson of the best form of C. Warscewiczli. The sepals and petals are a deep rose colour, the disc of the lip being bright yellow. Awards of Merit. LodioCattUya Bubens The Kaiser, from E. H. Davidson, Esq., Twyford. — One of the most beautiful of the hybrids of Lselia pumila. The flowers are abnormally large in proportion to the dwarf growth. Flowers bright rose, lip intense purple with chrome yellow disc. Odnntofilof^um percultum King George, from F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., Oxford (gr. Mr. Balra- forth). — A showy hybrid, with large white flowers, blotched with purple. Braiso-Cattleya Marion (parentage unre- corded), from Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Sons. — A beautiful flower, white and lilac, with a large lip, having purple lines in front. Oalfleya Thvrgoodiana Apollo, from Messrs. Stu.4rt Low & Co. — A brilliant rose-red flower, with intense purple front to the lip. Certificate of Appreciation. Odontonia Edna (M. Warscewiczii x 0. Wilckeamun), from. Messrs. Charlesworth.— An elegant novelty with branched spike of white flowers blotched with brownish yellow. Fruit and Vegetables. Meesrs. James Veitch & Sons' collection of fruit trees in pots was uncommonly fine. Along the back of the large group there stood tall-stemmed, fan-trained trees of Peach Royal George and Nectarine Cardinal, which were models of training, and were studded with fruits. There were many bush trees of Plums, and those of OuUin's Ciolden Plum and Brandy Gage were even better examples than the trees of Jefferson's Blum. One gridiron-shaped speci- men of Denniston's Superb Plum was nearly per- fect. Standard Gooseberries, notably of the variety Whitesmith, which stood over the cordon Currants, were wreathed with clusters of fruits ; indeed, had many more berries than leaves. A large tree of Morello Cherry showed that this variety is valuable for other purposes than for growing on a north wall. This exhibit was awarded the (Coronation Cup. S. Heilbut, Esq., The Lodge, Holyport, Maidenhead, exhibited nine very large trees of Cherries and Nectarines in pots. The Nectarines shown were all of the variety Early Rivers, and the Cherries included Emperor Francis, Big- arreau Noir de Guben, and Late Black Bigar- reau. These heavily-fruited specimens, with dark-green leaves full of health and vigour, le- flect the highest credit on Mr. G. Camp, the gardener, and were well worthy of the Silver Cup bestowed upon them. The King's Acre Nursery Co., Hereford, made a very fine display with fruiting pot trees. The healthy young trees bore good crops of high-quality fruits. Apples Baumann's Red Winter Reinette, Emperor Alexander, and The Queen were especially good. The ripe Nec- tarines and Peaches, and the nearly ripe Sou- venir du Congres Pear were the best examples. The King's Acre Berry — an improved Raspberry — is of good size and has a good flavour. Messrs. Whitelegg & Page, The Nurseries, Chislehurst, showed long fruiting growths of their Newberry, which received a card of Cul- tural Commendation on June 18 last. Messrs. Geo. Bunyard & Co., Maidstone, showed a variety of Apples, Pears, and Plums in pots. The varieties of Apple Lady Sudeloy and James Grieve, with large, red-striped fruits, were exceptionally good. A bush of Ribston Pippin close by showed no signs of canker or decrepitude. Ben's Red, a dessert variety of Apple, distributed by Messrs. Bunyard in 1890, has deep-red, handsome fruits. Tall-stemmed Nectarines at the back of this splendid group bore heavy crops of fruit. Messrs. Laxton Bros., Bedford, showed late varieties of Strawberries. For so late in the season the fruits were very meritorious. The varieties Utility, Givon's Late Prolific, and Lax- ton's Latest were especially fine. Laxton's Per- fection Red Currant, which was also shown, is an excellent variety. Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Middlesex, displayed an interesting collection of pot Figs and trained Vines bearing excellent crops. The Fig Violet Sepor appears to be a very desirable variety. The Duke of Rutland, Belvoir Castle, Grant- ham (gr. Mr. W. H. Divers), exhibited excel- lent fruits of a dozen varieties of Strawberries. The boxes of Givon's Prolific, Gunton Park, Epicure, and The Countess were splendid. The H.alliford French Garden, Shepperton, Middlesex, exhibited Cantaloupe Melons, Cu- cumbers, Vegetable Marrows, Cauliflowers, and other excellent vegetables grown under the " in- tensive " methods. Rev. Chalmers . Hunt, Willian Rectory, Hitchin, showed a small collection of vegetables. Fop Awards made by the Council see p. viii. MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. June 6. — Committee present : Rev. J. Cromble holme (in the Chair) ; Messrs. R. Ashworth, J Bamber, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, W. Holmes, A. J. Keeling," D. McLeod, C. Parker, F. K. Sander, Z. A. W^ard, A. Warbur ton, and H. Arthur (secretary). Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to Col. J. Rutherford, Beardwood, Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton) ; A. Waebueton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Dalgleish) ; and Messrs. Ch-arlesworth & Co., Hay wards Heath. Silver Medals were awarded to Mrs. Wood, Glossop (gr. Mr. Gould); Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden (gr. Mr. Weatherby) ; J. McCartney, Esq., Bolton (gr. Mr. Holmes); Messrs. Hass.u,l & Co., Southgate; and the Liverpool Orchid & Nursery Co., Gateacre. First-class Certificate Odontoglossum " Queen Mary " (Vulsteyke x eximium), from W. R. Lee, Esq. Aw.VRDS OF Merit. Odontoglossum crispum " White Star " and 0. c. " White Queen," both from W. R. Lee, Esq. Aerides Houlletiana magnifica, from Mrs. Wood. Lcdio-Cattleya Martinettii. John Lupton variety, from Col. J. Ruther- ford, M.P. Cattleya Cowanii magnificum, Madfiild variety. and Odontoglossum X Mrs. Carlisle, both from R. Le Doux, Esq. NATIONAL ROSE. EXHIBITION AT SOUTHAMPTON. Notes on New Roses. June 26. — We are all of us, whether in the Rose world or elsewhere, desirous of seeing or hearing some new thing, and to the rosarian at least this arises from no idle curiosity. The century is but little past its first decade and already the advance made on the Roses of the nineteenth century is substantial. It is, of course, perfectly true that of the vast number of new Roses brought out every year, comparatively few survive the period, usually about four or five years, which generally elapses before a novelty can be expected to become widely known, but this is in the nature of things ; and if the majority of the fresh introductions must be re- jected, there is sure to be a residue to carry on the tale of progress. The Southampton Show of the N.R.S. was notable for some particularly fine and clean Roses, the early season, followed by a moist and cool June, having no doubt been specially favour- able for the production of exhibition flowers. In the decorative classes there were some beautiful exhibits of Lady Hiljingdon, Lady Pirrie, and Rayon d'Or, and it is clear these Roses have a future before them for use in these classee. General MacArthur also was used in nearly every stand and attracted attention, although it was perhaps not quite at its best in point of colour. An indication of the earline«s of the season was afforded by the appearance in many stands of Blush Rambler, a Rose which is not, in an ordinary season, seen much before the middle of July. A corner of the large pavilion had been set apart for the exhibition of the new seedling Roses, a class which produced some 14 or 15 entries, and afforded by no means the least attractive feature of the show. Decidedly the most striking Rose was Messrs. B. Cant & Sons' St. Helena, a beautiful flower, not unlike Mrae. Melanie Soupert in general effect, but rather more pink and of fine form. The ground plan of this variety showed very gloesy, deep green leaves, and had all the appearance of belonging to a class w hich might keep mildew at bay with but little trouble. The resemblance to Mme. Melanie Soupert lies chiefly in the outer or guard petals ; the centre of the flower seems decidedly fuller and slightly more pointed in St. Helena than in Mme. Melanie Soupert. A good box of Freda was shown by Messrs. Paul & Son. This is a full Rose with plenty of sub- stance, the centre well shaped and rounded, but with a good point. My recollection of the colour is a general effect of bright clear pink at the edges, the centre aj)each colour, with a certain amount of fawn shading on the reverse of the petals. It is certainly a very pretty and cheerful Rose and seems fuU enough to grow for exhi- bition. Personally, I think I should have placed it next to St. Helena in this particular batch, and though we have many, perhaps too many, pink Roses, I think there is room for Freda. A very brilliant effect was produced by a stand of" Irish Flame. This Rose is the latest addition to the single Roses sent us from Ireland, and associated with the name of Dickson. The general character of the flower is much like that of Irish Elegance, in which we have a single Ros« with a ground colour of yellow or pale orange, suffused with pink .which deepens outwards. In Irish Flame the pink is replaced by a colour approaching vermOion, which on the yellow ground produces a striking effect of orange scarlet. If it will keep its wonderful colour in this country, it should become a popular Rose, for the foliage appears to be more glossy than that of Irish Elegance, and this gives promise of freedom from mildew, a disease to which Irish Elegance often falls a victim as the season progresses. It was no doubt merely by a coincidence Messrs. Bide were showing another variation on Irish Elegance, which they call Mrs. A. Bide. Curiously enough it is a variation rather in the same direction as Irish Flame, so far as colour is concerned. The flowers, however, are more double than those of the two Roses named above, though they are not what is generally called full, but contain one or two rows of petals inside the ordinary guard petals. The colouring, _ instead of being pink on yellow ground, as in _ Irish Elegance, is of a reddi.sh tint on a similar ground colour. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 6, 1912. There was a large batch of P. le Cornu, a pale yellow sport from Dean Hole, brought from the Channel Islands by the raiser, and a new red Hybrid Tea called "Othello. This is a colour %ye may still welcome in this class, but only trial in the garden can decide whether it will be an improvement on the Roses we possess at present. Of the remainder I may perhaps mention Edwin Molyneux, a Rose with large shell-shaped petals and a light carmine pink colour, and Minnie Crane, & Rose of a pink colour some- thing near that of Lady Pirrie, but not quite so bright in appearance as the Rose was shown. The other new Roses exhibited were certainly interesting, and in nearly all cases had some point which attracted attention, but as shown Ibey were less interesting than those I have mentioned, and in a short note of this kind a detailed description would be out of place. I must therefore content myself with saying that I hope we may see some of them again. White Soae. Details of the Exhibition. Taking the exhibition as a whole, the entries were numerous, the competition keen, the flowers exceptionally fine, and the arrangements all that could be desired. Mr. Edward Mawley, the Secretary of lue National Rose Society, received valuable assist- ance from Mr. C. S. Fuidge, the Secretary of the Southampton Society. Open Classes. The principal class was for 48 blooms (distinct). There were seven competitors, and Messrs. D. Prior & Son, Colchester, were, after a long and close scrutiny, awarded the 1st prize for blooms as near perfection as possible. The leading varieties were Mildred Grant, Gloire de Chedane GuLnosseau, Florence Pemberton, Dean Hole, White Lady, Juliet, Boadicea, Her Majesty, Victor Hugo, Comte de Raimbaud, Mme. Jules Gravereaux. Lady Helen Vincent, Mrs. W. J. Grant, Lyon Rose, Earl of Warwick, Gustave Piganeau, His Majesty, Mrs. Myles, Kennedy, A. K. Williams, Jonheer, J. L. Mock, Countess Caledon, and Oberhofgartner Terks. Messrs. B. R. Cant & Sons, Colchester, were placed 2nd with excellent blooms, of which the following were noteworthy :— St. Helena {espe- cially fine), Mrs. Foley Hobbs, Lieut. Chaure, Margaret, Horace Veriiet, E. Mawley, Mildred Grant. W. R. Smith, and Mrs. E. Mawley. 3rd, Messrs. A. Dickson & Sons, Newtownards, Belfast; this firm staged especially fine blooms of George Dickson, Lyon, and Mrs. A. Coxhead. For 12 triplets Messrs. D. Prior & Son again secured the leading place with choice blooms of His Majesty, Horace Vernet, Gloire de Chedane Guinosseau" Mrs. A. Coxhead, J. B. Clark, Mme. Jules Gravereaux, Bessie Brown and Mrs. Myles Kennedy. Messrs. B. Cant & Sons were awarded the 2nd prize for smaller, but par- ticularly richly-coloured fresh flowers, Horace Vernet, Gloire de Chedane Guinosseau and Mme. Jules Gravereaux being a selection. 3rd. Messrs. A. Dickson & Sons, Newtownards, with "arger blooms, but they were too much dressed. Six competed in this class. In the class for 12 Tea or Noisette varieties there were eight entries. Messrs. D. Prior & Son again excelled with grand blooms of Mrs. E. Mawley, Boadicea, Souv. de P. Notting, Mrs. Myles Kennedy, W. R. Smith and Mrs. F. Hobbs. Messrs. B. Cant & Sons were placed 2nd with smaller dowers of popular varieties ; 3rd, Mr. G. Prince, Longworth, Berkshire. Nurserymen's Classes. No fewer than fifteen competed in the class for 24 blooms, distinct, the collections making a striking display. Messrs. J. Burrell & Co., Howe House Nurseries, Cambridge, won the 1st prize with clean, well-coloured blooms of medium size. Mme. Jules Gravereaux, Jonheer, J. L. Mock, Duke of Teck, Dr. O'Donel Browne, Hugh Dickson and Mrs. W. J. Grant were con- spicuously good. Mr. G. Prince won the 2nd prize with larger blooms, but not so fresh as those in the premier collection. Mrs. Stewart Clark and I\Iildred Grant were conspicuous varieties. 3rd, Messrs. Perkins & Son, Coven- try, who showed a magnificent bloom of Juliet. Eleven staged in the class for eight triplets. Messrs. J. Burrell & Co. were placed 1st with large, good specimens of W. Shean, Mme. Jules Gravereauv, Bessie Brown, G. 0. Waud, Dean Hole, Hugh Dickson, and Mildred Grant. Mr. G. Prince was a choice 2nd with conspicuous examples of Avoca, E. Mawley and Gloire de Chedane Guinosseau. 3rd, Mr. H. Drew, Long- worth, Berkshire. For 18 Tea or Noisette Roses eight competed, and Mr. G. Prince won the premier prize with neat, clean flowers of Blanche Martin, Boadicea, W. R. Smith, Mrs. E. Mawley, Mi-s. F. Hobbs, and Mme. Jules Gravereaux. 2nd, Mr. H. Drew. 3rd, Messrs. J. Burrell & Co. The cla«6 for 12 blooms of new varieties was especially interesting, as many as nine compet- ing. Messrs. D. Prior & Son followed up their previous successes by winning the premier award with a distinctly interesting exhibit. Tho varieties were Mrs. A. Coxhead, Nita Weldon, Mrs. J. Welch, Mrs. F. Hobbs, Leslie Holland, Margaret, Mrs. J. \Y. Budd, Mme. P. Euler, Feriiiehurst, Elizabeth, and Cynthia. Mr. G. Prince, who won the 2nd prize, showed extra fine blooms of E. Mawley and Juliet. 3rd, Messrs. Alexander Dickson & Son. For 12 blooms of one variety of H.P. Rose, Messrs. D. Priob & Son excelled with Gloire de Chedane Guinosseau. 2nd, Messrs. S. Bide & Sons, Farnham, with Frau Karl Druschki. There were eight competitors in this class. The best 12 blooms of a H.T. variety were shown by Messrs. A. Dickson & Son, Belfast, who staged Mrs. Cornwallis West exceptionally finely. 2nd, Messrs. Perkins, with Dean Hole. The competitors in this class numbered 15. Eleven entered in the class for 12 blooms of any one Tea or Noisette variety. Mr. F. Cant excelled with small, clean blooms of Mrs. Foley Hobbs. 2nd, Messrs. D. Prior & Son, with largo but rough blcK>ms of Mme. Jules Graver- eaux. The King's Acre Nursery Co., Here- ford, secured the 3rd place with the variety Mrs. E. Mawley. In the class for a representative groiip of cut Roses shown in vases in a space not exceeding 60 square feet there were only two exhibitors. Mr. EnsHA J. Hicks, Hurst, Twyford, Berkshire, was easily 1st with a pleasing display of truly decorative varieties arranged lightly in masses of one variety and quite effectively. The leading sorts were General MacArthur, Pharisaer, Mme. A. Chatenay, American Pillar, Lady HiUingdon, Richmond, Rayon d'Or and Harry Kirk. Jlr. H. Drew was the other exhibitor, and he was awarded the 2nd prize. In the class for 24 varieties, not fewer than three nor more than 12 trusses of each, ar- ranged in a space measuring 8 feet by 3 feet, six competed, the whole making a bold and attrac- tive display. Mr. J. Mattock, Headington, Oxon, secured the premier award with fresh blooms neatly arranged of such varieties as Mons. Paul Lede, Lady Pirrie, Mme. Ravary, Mrs. A. Tate, Lady Curzon, Trier, Marquise de Sinety. and Richmond. Messrs. F. Cant & Co. were 2nd with Crimson Damask, Irish Elegance, Lady Pirrie and Margaret Molyneux. 3rd, Messrs. W. Spooner & Son, Arthur's Bridge Nursery, Woking. There was a class for seven baskets of Roses, each containing one distinct variety other than exhibition sorts, and Mr. E. J. Hicks was placed 1st with an attractive exhibit of such varieties as Rayon d'Or, Comtesse du Cayla, Lady Hilling- don, General McArthur, Duchess of Wellington, and Mme. Jules Grolez. Mr. J. Mattock was placed 2nd with smaller blooms, of which Mme. Segond Weber, Mme. Melanie Soupert, Lady Pirrie and Mrs. P. Blair were noteworthy. 3rd,~ Messrs. S. Bide & Son, Faridiam. IMessrs. D. Prior & Son had the finest exhibit, but they were disqualified. Amateurs' Classes. Much interest was centred in the class for 18 distinct varieties for which the IMunt Cup was offered and for which 12 competed. The trophy was won by C. Lamplough, Esq., Kirkstall, Alverstoke, Gosport, who showed medium-sized, shapely, clean specimens possessing fine quality. A selection of the varieties includes : A. K. Williams, Countess of Ilchester, J. B. Clark, Queen of Spain, Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, Alice Lindsell, Florence Pemberton, and Dean Hole. Mr. G. A. Hammond. Cambrian House, Burgess Hill, Sussex, was placed 2nd, and Mr. E. M. EvERSFiELD, Deune Park, Horsham, 3rd. Mr. H. L. Wetteen. Waratah, Sanderstead, Croydon, had the best of 10 exhibits of six blooms of any H.P. variety with capital speci- mens of Frau Karl Druschki; 2nd, Mr. Lamplough, with the same variety. • Mr. E. F. Brown, Lynton, Sussex Place, Slough, won the 1st prize in the class for six blooms of a H.T. variety with Dean Hole in superb condition. Mr. Lamplough followed with Mildred Grant. There were 19 competitors in this class, ilr. Alex. Hill Gray-, Beaulieu, Newbridge, Bath, was placed 1st for 12 Tea or Noisette varieties with desirable blooms of H. Kirk, Dr. F. Guyon, Mrs. Hubert Taylor, JIaman Cochet, and White Maraan Cochet. The Rev. R. Pawley, Upton Scudamore Rectory, was 2nd amongst six competitors. Mr. E. T. Brown, Lynton Place, Sussex, ex- celled in the class for six triplets in a stiff com- petition amongst 11 exhibitors. The varieties Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt, Dean Hole, and Laurent Carle were especially fine. In a class for 12 "blooms for growers of fewer tlian 2,000 plants, Mrs. Croft JMurray, Peri- vale, Isle of Wight, won the 1st prize. For growers of fewer than 1,000 plants, Mr. Lamplough had the premier collection of 12 blooms. For 12 distinct varieties of decorative Roses, not fewer than three nor more than 12 trusses of each, the Rev. Joseph Pemberton, Havering, Romford, was placed 1st. He showed such varieties as Red Provence, Aglaia, Gruss an Zabern, Seagull, Lady Curzon and Brunonis. 2nd, Mrs. Ethel M. Wight.man, Bengeo, Hert- ford. AWARDS. Seedling Roses were staged numerously. Messrs. B. Cant & Sons were awarded a Gold Medal for St. Helena, a H.T. variety of sterling merit. It is a full-pointed, creamy-white flower with a delicate pink centre when opening, chang- ing with age to a pleasing shade of pale apri- cot. It was raised from Joseph Hill crossed with Marquise de Sinety. A Gold Jledal was also awarded to JMessrs. A. Dickson & Sons, Belfast, for single Rose Irish Flame, which may be best described as a ma,gnificent form of Irish Elegance. It is a grand Rose. A Card of Commendation was awarded to the variety Duchess of Normandy, a pale Dean Hole. In the open classes medals were awarded the varieties (H.P.) Victor Hugo, shown by Messrs. D. Prior & Sons; (H.T.) St. Helena, shown by Messrs. B. Cant & Sons; and (Tea) Mrs. F. Hohhs, exhibited by Mr. P. Prince. In the amateurs' section the following varie- ties received medals: — (Tea) W. B. Smith, shown by Mr. E. W. Morris, Uckfield ; (H.P.) A. K. Williams, shown by the Rev. J. Pember- ton; and (H.T.) Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, shown by Mr. E. L. Brown, Slough. Decorative Classes. The displays in this section were of a moderate character beyond the 1st and 2nd prize exhibits. In the class for a decorated dinner table five competed. Mrs. Colston Hall, Virginia Lodge, Warminster, was easily 1st, arranging Roses Irish Elegance and Gottfried Keller with bronze coloured foliage in silver vases, with a bowl in the centre; 2nd, Mrs. G. A. Hammond, Cam- brian House, Burgess Hill, Sussex. In the local classes Mr. W. H. Myers, Swan- more House, Bishop's Waltham (gr. Mr. Ell- wood), had a good bowl of Roses of mixnl varie- ties effectively disposed. Sweet Peas. — Two classes were provided for Sweet Peas by the Southampton Society, each for six bunches. In the class open to all the prizes weie provided by Messrs. Toogood & Sons, Southampton, and there were 12 competi- tors. Mr. F. G. Bealing, Bassett Nurseries, Southampton, was placed 1st with handsome blooms of Barbara, Elfrida Pearson, Tennant Spencer, Clara Curtis and Thomas Stevenson. jfr. H. H. Lees, Havant, was a close 2nd. In the amateur class Mr. F. Green, The Beeches, Swaythling, excelled with handsome vases of Elsie Herbert and Sunproof Crimson as the best; 2nd, Mr. Lees. Non-competitive Exhibits. Messrs. B. Ladhams & Sons, Shirley, South- ampton, staged a handsome group of hardy flowers. Messrs. Toogood & Son, Southampton, staged a handsome group of Sweet Peas of grand quality. July 6, 1912.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 19 Messrs. Longstee & Co., Southampton, and Mrs. Stevenson, of Wimborne, also showed Sweet Peas. Mr. C. W. Breadmore had the new Sweet I'eas Aggie Elder, Princess Mary, Mrs. Fred Arey, Duchess of Wellington, and Lord Kit- chener, making an attractive display. Messrs. W. H. Rogers, Bassett Nurseries, staged Roses in pots and as cut blooms, making a capital display. POTTERS BAR AND DISTRICT AMATEUR ROSE. June 21. — The annual meeting of this society was held on the abcive date in the grounds of E. Weber, Esq. Mrs. Trotter, vice-president of the society, presided. The secretary (Mr. H. R. Darlington) having submitted the formal busi- ness of the meeting, and the usual resolutions having been passed, the president announced that the summer show of the society would be held on July 11 next. He then called upon Dr. A. H. Williams, vice-president of the National Rose Society, to give an address on the subject of " Climbing Wichuraiana Rosea," of which the following is an abstract. ADDRESS BY DR. WILLIAMS. The Wiceuraianas. Wichuraiana Roses are of recent origin. Manda in America sent out the first. About the same time the climbing Roses of the Multiflora type came into prominence. R. Wichuraiana, so far as Europe is concerned, was discovered about 1860. It is closely allied with the Multiflora group, Rubin, Tausendschon, and others. There was at first some confusion arising from the fact that at first they were e-xamined only in dried botanical specimens, but there can be no difficulty about them when they are seen growing in the garden. R. Wichuraiana possesses shining foliage and creeping growth, while R. Multiflora has stout, rather upright shoots and somewhat rugose foliage. Since Manda sent out his first hybrids a very Krge number have been put into commerce. It is estimated that already some 150 varieties of Wichuraiana hybrids have been sent out. Climbing Varieties. Leaving the dwarf growers, which do not form part of our subject, the climbing varieties have many features in which they resemble the common parent. So far most of them are only summer flowering. Sylvia is the most promisini; as an autumn Rose; it was raised at Waltham Cross by W. Paul & Son. It is said to grow more rampantly under glass. Notwith-standing this, taking all the varieties together, we get flowers from May to Christmas. The classification (see table in col. iii) is diffi- cult, but the climbing Wichuraianas may be conveniently divided into three groups according as they are early, mid-season, or late-flowering, and then may be separated by their colours. Lady Gay, Dorothy I'erkins, and the like flower late. They all flower in clusters. They are near the Multiflora hybrids, but they contain no Rose with yellow-coloured flowers. The early group has greater variety of colouring, certainly more scent, and larger flowers. The latest intro- duction is the cross with the Moss Rose, called Wich-Moss. They are mostly rampant growers, producing shoots 16 or 17 feet long ; so vigorous are they that, when room for them has to be found in the autumn, two-thirds of the plant has to be cut away. The shoots usually begin to grow upwards, but some (e.g., Marco) refuse to do so. preferring to push their shoots along the ground. The Dorothy Perkins group have very flexible growths, and may be trained down a bank or anywhere where "they are wanted. Others like Gerbe Rose are too stiff for this purpose. The foliage of nearly all resemble the parent in having shining foliage, which in some is nearly evergreen — Jersey Beauty, for instance; while in others (e.g. Leontine Gervais), the leaves fall early ; others, again, are intermediate. Their foliage, especially in spring, has often shades of red, brown and copper, and is vei'y beautiful. Of these three sections : (1) The early gi-oup begins to flower about June 10. (2) The mid- season group begins to flower June 16 to 21. (3) The late group begins to flower the first week in July. Each section may then be sub-divided, according to the colour of the flowers, as follows : — The Early Group. White.— VJ. F. Dreer. This Rose is not often seen, but is very beautiful. Though not a new Rose, it may be strongly recommended, and should be grown more than it is at present. La Perle I have found disappointing. Purity is the whitest we have, almost as white as Frau Karl Druschki. Fraulein Octavia Hesse is Wichuraiana crossed with Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, and has the same colour as the last- named parent. Yellow. — Alberic Barbier is one of the best. Robert Craig is deep orange-yellow, buds developing to a great snowbaU of white. It wants hot weather. Before the hot summer of 1911 I nearly discarded it, but both last year and this year it has proved most satisfactory. Edwin Lonsdale, Francois GuiUot, Frangois Fouchard, Eliza Robichon, JIarco, and Aviateur Bleriot are other examples of this group. All these begin as yellow buds and finish up white. Alice Garnier is a dii'ty buff-yellow, but is interesting because it often gives quite a little show of flowers in autumn; it is sometimes very nearly w-hite. Shower of Gold (Paul & Son) is the yellowest of aU, Klondike is another good yellow, I have been following the yellow colours from white, but from white you can also take a line down the reds, beginning with Miss Helyett, then on to Joseph Liger, which is beautiful when half open. Jules Lavacher is Chinese pink. It is a new Rose, and possesses green foliage and a graceful habit of growth ; it is very profuse in bloom, and lasts well in water. Paul Transon comes next, then Pink Roamer, which, however, is not a real pink. Distinct pinks are Gerbe Rose, Christian Wright ; this is perhaps the clearest pink in this section, a good pillar Rose, growing 8 or 9 feet high. Climbing American Beauty is a carmine, and is pleasing only in the young flower, but is delightfully fragrant. Ruby Queen is a variable colour. At first an intense carmine, it becomes later a deep pink, and then the white centre expands and the flower becomes a pale pink. Deepest in colour of all is Diabolo, semi-single, with brilliant gold anthers and petals of a deep crimson colour. It sends up a great supply of new shoots. Mid-season Varieties. Beginning again with white flowers, we have Sehneeball, not a pure white, and a Rose that cannot compare with White Dorothy, Frau Marie Weinbach is another white, with traces of pink. Joseph Liger is pale canary- yellow, and opens to white tinged with pink. .Marco is more distinctly yellow, but the colour fades. Aviateur Bleriot possibly ought to be in the early section. It is a useful Rose, with deep yellow buds opening to paler flowers. For pinks we may take Garisendan, Debutante, earlier than Dorothy Perkins, but a beautiful colour and of graceful habit. Anna Rubsamen, Jean Guerin, Auguste Barbier are also to be placed in this group. Combinations of yellow and red. — Fran9oi8 Juranville is a distinct colour, and very sweet scented. Leontine Gervais may be called coppery -salmon colour, but the colour is really in- describable ; it is very pretty, especially when picked young and put in water, Jean Guichard and Rene Andre carry on the deepening colour to the pink group. The last-named Rose is pink, and has a coppery bud closely pencilled with carmine, the mixture of colours as a whole giving a pink appearance to the blos.soms. Alexander Girault is a rampant grower and pro- fuse bloomer; it is a deep carmine on a yellow base, Joseph Billard, a companion to Jersey Beauty, is a Rose you must see before break- fast if you wish to see it at its beet ; the outer part is deep crimson and the centre yellow, but ■ns soon as the sun gets on it loses its distinct colour, becoming pink with a white eye, Pinsion is coppery-pink, and opens to an indefinite pink, Ariel is sometimes and perhaps unfortunately described as a single Tea rambler, but it really is a Wichui'aiana, Desire Bergera and Edmund Proust are in this group, but here the colour is too indefinite, Valentine Beaulieu is a deep rose-pink with a yellow base. Late-flowering (White), R, Wichuraiana, the type, and all the rest, begin to flower the first week of July, White Dorothy is a good white, and would be better but for its tendency to sport back to its pink parent. Mrs, L, Dewhurst is just a white Lady Gay; here also the colour is not stable. These Roses, together with Mrs, Portier Darel and Lady W'hite, are all very much alike. Milky Way is like the type but lai-ger, and I will wind up this list with Silver Moon, In this group are no yellows, but pinks are to be found in plenty, e,g.. Paradise, Coquina, Dorothy Dennison, Lady Godiva and others, the colours deepening until we end the list with Hiawatha and Excelsa, These are far from exhausting the list; there are some I have not referred to at all, and, beside these, I have noticed in catalogues the names of some 50 new varieties, which so far I have not seen. Future Developments and Modes of Cultivation. Then as to future development. Perpetuity is the quality which we want chiefly, also yellows in the late section, of which there are none as yet. In the early group we want more bright reds. As to the way I grow these Roses, I have a high steep bank, and I simply dig a hole in the grass and put them in, I purposely have not prepared the ground in any way, as I want to curb their growths, but this I have quite failed to efiect. In pruning I cut out all old wood that has not got what I call continuing laterals; where such a lateral which it is wished to retain springs from the old wood we simply cut back to this. They are true ramblers, and will grow on like a Strawberry plant, starting again when they reach the ground. These Roses will do for arches, pillars or pergolas, or weeping standards. A vote of thanks to the lecturer terminated the proceedings, CLASSIFICATION OF CLIMBING Wichuraiana Roses. Early, Midseason. Late, While. W. F, Dreer Frau, M. Wichuraiana, type La Perle Weinbach White Dorothy F. 0, Hesse Sehneeball Mrs, L. Dewhursl Purity Mrs, Portier Darel Lady White Milky Way Silver Moon Cream to Yellow. Alberic Barbier Joseph Liger Edwin Lonsdale Sylvia Francois GuiUot Marco Eliza Robichon Aviator Bleriot Francois Poisson Klondyke Francois Foucard Robert Craig Jersey Beauty Gardenia Shower of Gold Mme, Alice Garnier Salmon or Coppery Pink. Francois Pinson Juranville Ariel Leontine Gervais Desir^ Bergera Jean Guichard Edmund Proust Rin6 Andre Carmine and Yellow. Alexander Girault Valentine Joseph Billaid Beaulieu Blush Pink or Pink and White. Jules Lavacher Garisendan Paradise Miss Hellvelt Jessica Joseph Lamy Evangeline Paul Transom Coquina Pink Roamer Cari=sima Lady Godiv« DorothyDennison Pink. Gerbe Rose Debutante Minnehaha Christine Wright Anna Rubsamen Dorothy Perkins. Jean Gerin Lady Gav The Farquhar Eowena Carmine. Climing Ameri- Auguste Barbier Delight can Beauty Rubra Casimir MoulU Ruby Queen Francis Paul Plotor Crimson. Diabolo Sodenia Troubadotir Hiawatha Excels! 20 THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. [July 6, 1912. ^bituarj). John Astridge. — The diath of Mr. John Astridge, for many years gardener to the late Mr. Thomas Christy, at Uptun House, Alresford, Hampshire, occurred on Monday, the 23rd ult., at the age of 61 years. The body was found in a tool shed in his market garden, with a gun- shot wound in the head. At the subsequent in- quest evidence was given to the effect that de- ceased was worried over his business affairs, and a verdict of suicide during temporary insanity was returned. Since the death of Mr. Christy, deceased had conducted a market-gardening busi- ness at Alresford. He leaves a widow and four grownup children. iorrecJbondenU ' , * 'J'he Editors will be glad to receive, for consideration, large 'photographs of horticultural subjects, suitable for reproduction in this Journal. Amarxllis Diseased : L. W. Jb Co. We have examined the Amaryllis bulb you sent, and, after a very long search, have found that our suspicion as to the presence of the bulb mite is correct. The red appearance of the leaves in places and the red markings of the bulb and roots are almost always indications of the pre- sence of this destructive mite. In the case of the bulb sent, the attack is not hopeless, as the bulb itself was perfectly sound. It might be a good plan to take out any bulbs that are affected in this manner, and thoroughly wash the roots. Remove and burn all the bulb scales that are unsound, and repot the bulbs ; another remedy is to wash or spray the bulbs with paraffin, repeating this during the in- terval of a fortnight, or, after removing the loose scales, to brush the bulbs with sulphide of potassium (liver of sulphur), 1 ounce to 3 gallons of water. The last method is useful against fungi, which follow the attacks of the mite. Still another treatment is to fumigate with bisulphide of carbon. Place the bulbs in- fested in an air-tight receptacle, and place a saucer containing bisulphide of carbon on the top of them, leaving the bulbs in the vapour for 48 hours. The fumes from bi- sulphide of carbon are very poisonous, and should not be inhaied. No naked light should be brought near them ; the operator should not smoke while performing the work. Basic Slag : /. M. G.. New York. Basic slag contains from 14 to 20 per cent, of phosphoric acid, or equal to 30 to 42 per cent, of trical- cium phosphate. Write to Messrs. Richard- son & Co., York, or The Chemical Works, 15, PhOpot Lane, London. Caknation Plant: Carnation. The plants are affected with Eelworm. (See reply to F. M.) CAaBOTS AND POTATOS DiSBASED : If. B. The Carrots are injured by Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum. The soil is infested with the fungus, and should be treated with gaslime before another crop is grown in it. The Potatos are attacked by Macrosporium. Some good might be done by removing and burning the diseased leaves and the haulm. Early sprayings with the Bordeaux mixture wUl be useful as a pre- ventive measure. Cymbidium Eburnettm : Humea, Yorhshire. The Cymbidium leaves are injured by moisture depositing on the leaves when the temperature is falling. Afford more ventilation to the house, so that the leaves may become dry before night time. Everlasting Pea : Greatlridge. There is no disease pr&sent in the specimens received ; the trouble is due to some external condition. Grapes and Tomatos : A. H. P. There is no disease to be found on any of the samples sent. The condition is due to some error in cultiva- tion. Grapes Diseased : J. W. R. and /. M. A. The Grapes are attacked by Grape rot, which is caused by Gloeosporium ampelophagum. During the resting season spray the entire plant with a solution of sulphate of iron, using 1 oz. in 1 gallon of water. Remove the diseased berries. Mulchings of rich stable manure favour the disease. The only thing that can be done at present is to dredge the bunches with flowers of sulphur. Growths on Rhododendrons : E. T. W. The Rhododendrons are attacked by a species of Exobasidium, a fungus which causes gall-like swellings, usually on the leaves. If the galls are sought and burned before they develop any colour, the plants will be free from attack next year. Grdb in Rose Shoot : /. M. The pest which is burrowing in your Rose shoots is the pith-borer. Break off the shoot below the point of attack, and take care to destroy the caterpillar con- tained therein. Horticultural Colleges fob Women : Y, Leicester. The following are among the more important institutions where gardening is taught to women students : — The Horticul- tural College, Swanley, Kent; University Col- lege, Reading; Edinburgh School of Garden- ing for Women, Corstorphine, Kaimes Road, Murrayfield ; Studley Agricultural and Horti- cultural College for Women, Studley Castle, Warwickshire ; Glynde School for Lady Gar- deners, near Lewes ; Fruit and Flower Farm, Henwick, near Newbury ; Training School for Ladies, Arlessey House, near Hitchin ; and Home and Colonial School for Ladies, Lane House, Brandesburton, Hull. Iris Corms Dying : E. W . The trouble is due to a bacterial disease. Remove the diseased portions and dress the soil with superphosphate of lime. Melon Stem : Humea. Spray the Melon plants with liver of sulphur. Monstrous Foxglove : E. V. A. The terminal flower has become regular, a condition known as peloria. The axis has also continued to develop, presenting an example of prolifica- tion. It is possible that these conditions have been caused by an excessively rich rooting medium. Names of Plants: J. B., Falfield. Spiraea canescens. — 11'. Eduntly. 1, Cratfpgus orien- talis ; 2, Ulmus glabra. — Anger Ion. Irises. 1, no flower; 2, I. plicata ; 3, I. pallida (? dal- matica), flowers all past ; 4, I. variegata var. ; 5, Mrs. George Darwin ; 6, I. variegata var. ; 7, I. amoena Victorine ; 8, no flowers. — A.E.L. Cattleya Mossiaj. — R. R. 1. Oncidium eheirophorum ; 2, Epidendrum vitellinum ; 3, Oncidium sphacelatum ; 4, 0. flexuosum. — .■1. L., Huddersfield. Gazania splendens variegata. — G. H., Stockton. Selaginella Mer- tensii and Crassula coccinea. — A. W. Or- nithogalum longebracteatum, usually grown in cottagers' windows. — /. M. A yellow variety of Eschscholtziacalifornica. — Enquirer, Dublin. 1, Jasminum azoricura ; 2, Metro- siderus robusta ; 3, variegated Mallow, Slalva sylvestris ; 4, Alyssum, probably A. semonense ; 5, Polygonum amplexicaule ; 6, Clematis recta. — W. A. C, Oion. 1, Thuya dolobrata ; 3, Juniperus japonica; 5, Berberis sp. ; 6, Cupressus Lawsoniana var. ; 2 and 4, speci- mens too small for identification; next time send larger portions. — R. D. S. Carnation Lady Hermoine. — H. M. Lonicera involu- crata. National Insurance Act : J . H. If your salary and other emoluments amount to more than £160 per annum, and you do not do any manual labour, you can be exempt from the Act. The question resolves itself into this: — Whether or not you are liable to pay income- tax? All income-tax payers not actually en- gaged in manual labour are exempt from the operation of the Act, but manual labourers are within the Act even if their salary is double that of the income-tax payer. Nymph.«a Ellisiana : W . E. There is no disease present in the plants ; the unhealthy appearance is due to some wrong cultural treat- ment. Pear Leaves : H. H. The leaves are affected with the Pear leaf blister mite. The only cer- tain method is hand picking the leaves early in the season before the mites migrate into the buds. Pears Cracking : Constant Reader. The crack- ing of the Pears is not due to a fungus disease ; it is probably the result of excessivd moisture in the soil. Phloxes Diseased : F. M. Eelworm is present at the root. This is a very diHicult pest ta eradicate, insecticides being of little avail. The best plan is to burn the plants, and re- move the soil in which they have been grown, either sterilising it by baking or burying it in some out of the way part of the garden. Potato Haulm Diseased : J. O. F., Eastbourne. The Potatos are affected with the Potato disease, caused by Phytophthora infestans. Another season you should plant the crop on a well-drained soil in a situation free from excessive dampness. When the crop is lifted in the autumn every portion of the haulm should be gathered and burnt, and diseased tubers should be rigorously separated from the sound ones, and just as carefully gathered up from the soil. Where the disease is usually prevalent or has actually shown itself, spray the plants with the Bordeaux mixture. The first application should be carried out early this month, and be followed by one or two more sprayings at intervals of a fortnight. Care should be taken to spray both sides of the leaves. Quoits; A. R. There is no standard size for a quoits ground, but the two iron pins, termed " hobs," are usually driven into the ground at a distance of 19 yards apart, the head being 1 inch above the ground. The quoits them- selves may be of any weight, but must not measure more than 8 inches across ; it is, how- ■ ever, customary to specify the weight of the quoits when arranging a match. The ground around the " hobs " should be clay, so that the quoits will stick where they pitch. The players may be of an even number, and each player throws two rings (quoits), either in suc- cession or alternately. When a quoit pitches over the hob it is termed a " ringer," and two points are scored. There is no score if the quoits of each side lie equi-distant from the hobs ; if both quoits of one player lie nearest to the pin two points are scored, and in the case of one being nearest the player scores one point. Seedling Delphinium : J. G., Burton-on-Trenl. Your seedling Delphinium possesses consider- able merit. The colour is very beautiful and the inflorescence of good shape and size. It is worth perpetuating. Sweet Peas with Small Flowers : J . M. H. You state that your Sweet Peas are growing very strong, with stems 18 inches long, and 80 per cent, of the spikes having four flowers. If you have not taken out some of the side laterals you had better do so. As the plants get a little less vigorous in growth, you wiU probably find that the flowers will be larger. If this is not noticed, give the plants a dressing or two of chemical manure. Tenancy of Dwelling-house : J. H. M. We fear your landlord is correct in his contention, assuming he is not your employer. A tenant who enters into possession of premises without any agreement (either verbal or in writing) as to the duration of the tenancy, and who does not pay his rent every week or every month, is presumed at law to be a tenant from year to year. In that case he must give two quar- ters notice to quit, and such notice must expire at the end of a current year of the tenancy. For instance, if your tenancy began on the 25th March in any year, then you camiot leave before March 25, 1913, and you should give your landlord notice by registered post on or before September 28 next. (If your tenancy did not commence on a quarter day, you must give " six calendar months " notice instead of " two quarters.") You had better see your landlord again and point out that you are only a weekly servant, and cannot pretend to be able to pay the rent after you leave your employment, so that for his own sake he had better accept the notice you have already given him and re-let the property as soon as possible. Communications Received — E. F._Y. Z._-W. A. C._ JourneTman_Devon_R. W. V A. B., Bedford— W. L H. T. Z W. G C. S., Wrotham - C. C H. V Pea-i, Lancashire W. H., Earlswood— Enquirer, Dublin_J. B. G. W. R J. E Eddiford. Bath._E. S A. R. A._ W. E. B W. J. M W. R. H K. M., Melton Mowbray _E. G. B S. & 8ons_E. M. M J. G. W J. C E. M._S. O 4. H R. O. W., Feltham. July 13, 1912.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 21 ^arbcneis'Ctironulc No. 1,333.— SATURDAY, July 13, 1912. CONTENTS. Board of Agriculture and Rose Miss Flora Mitten 31 Fisheries, horticultural Scotland, the Rose sea- department of the 32 son in 21 Books, notices of— Soceties- Cucumber Culture ... 24 Durham, Northumber- Transactions of the land and Newcastle National Chrysm- bot. and Hort. se themutn Society, 1911 24 General Bulb Growers' Dean, Mr. Alexander .. 31 of Haarlem (Hol- Eel-wornis SO l..nd) 38 Flowers in season 32 Gloucestershire Rose Formosa, the flora of ... 26 and Sweet Pea 89 Harriss, Mr. E., appoint- Manchester and N. of ment of 31 England Orchid ... 33 Horticultural Club outing 31 National Rose 37 Horticultural College, National Sweet Pea ... 33 Swanley 81 Reigate Rose and Sweet Institute of Gardeners, Pea 34 proposed national 32 Royal Agricultural ... 34 Irises, Spamsh and Royal Hoiticultural ... 33 Dutch 22 Royal Hon. of Ireland 34 Laolio-Cattleya Baroness Scottish Hort 33 Emma ... 23 United Hort. Benefit L.C.C. gardeners' wages 82 and Provident 34 Market fruit garden, the 21 Teasdale. Mr. J. J., Nuneliam Park 2fi presentation to 31 Nursery employes outing ai Tulip tree, a golden- Plants, new or note- leaved 33 worthy- Week's work, the— Daphne X Thauma ... 22 Ap dry, the . ... 29 Potato diseases 81 Flower garden, the ... 29 Rosary, the - Fruiis under glass ... •28 Reminiscences of the Hardy fruit gar.. en, the 28 ** International " ... 23 Kitchen garden, the ... 29 Kose-bud ling 33 Orchid houses, the ... 28 Rose garden, a sailors* — 39 Plants under glass _ 28 ILLUSTn ATIONS. Carnation John Ridd .. _. _ 25 Daphne x Thauma »- ». 22 Eel-worms in roots of Me Ion plant 81 Laelio-Cattleya " Barones sEi ina " 23 Nuneham Park, views in the gardens at, 26, 27, 32 ; and Supplementary Illustration Odontonia " Edna " 36 Polypodium ManJaianum 24 Bose garden at the Scho ol o f"Gunn?ry, VVhale'lslaiVd 39 THE MARKET FRUIT GARDEN. ON the whole, the weather of June was favourable to fruit trees and fruit crops, although if fewer cold nights had been experienced the results would have been better. My rainfall was 3.16 inches, and it has not been excessive after the spring drought, although the quantity for the month is above the aver- age. In some parts of the country, apart from the rainy districts, the total has been much higher. All but about half an inch of my rainfall measurement was made in the :&rst half of the month. The soaking that the land then received helped mate- rially to promote the growth of new wood and to swell fruit of all kinds, while the subsequent dry or partly dry and sunny weather ripened such crops as Goose- berries, Currants, and Raspberries. Crops Wholly oe Partly Gathered. There is no doubt that the Gooseberry crop was a great one, and yet prices kept up well until the latter part of the green fruit season. Red Currants appear to be generally an excellent crop, and they have been selling only moderately well. Black Currants, on the contrary, are a deficient crop, but the fruits are fine in size and quality. Up to the time of writing they have sold remarkably well — better than in any previous season since I began to grow them for market. My own crop, which covers many acres, was not harmed by frost, and it has turned out the best I have had for many years. In fact, it is my mainstay this season, and will yield me a larger money return than any other crop, unless prices for Plums and Apples should prove excep- tionally high. Just before the spring drought ended. Black Currants began to show signs of suffering, and, as stated in a previous article, some of the fruits failed to set. But the rest grew to such a fine size that the yield was an agreeable surprise. Some Fine Fkuit Peomised. Plums, even where they are fairly thick on the trees, promise to be unusually fine fruit. In my own case this is partly be cause my trees missed their usual attack of aphis. Pears also will be remark- ably fine, and most varieties in my orchard are clean and free from scab disease. Apples are swelling well where not spoilt by aphis, as is the case with a large number. As a consequence, the propor- tion of tail will be unusually large in many varieties, especially dessert Apples. Persistence of Aphis. There appears to be no end to the aphis attack on Apples this season, although ladybirds and their larvie have clearad off multitudes. A few days ago I noticsd for the first time numbers of aphides creeping about the trunks and branches of the trees, some winged, but the great majority not so. Why they had left the foliage to creep about the truiijis and branches I cannot imagine, unless they had been disturbed by the swarms of linnets, which are busy on infested trees. Silvee-leaf Experiments. In 1910 and 1911 different dressings were applied to Victoria Plum trees affected with silver-leaf, and the results have been recently examined, and are as follow : — 1. Magnesia 3i lbs., carbonate in 1910 and sulphate in 1911. Tree dead and since burnt. 2. Magnesia 3.' lbs., and liberal dressing of farmyard manure. A little improvement and a little fruit. 3. Sulphate of iron 3 lbs., and liberal dressings of fanuyard manure. Tree greatly improved, and bearing half a crop of fruit. A second tree similarly treated also improved in less degree, and is bearing a little fruit. 4. Sulphate of iron 6 lbs., and 7 lbs. of complete artificial manure, consisting of two parts of superphosphate to one part each of sulphate of ammonia and muriate of potash. Tree cured, and bearing a great crop. The same dressings have been applied for the third time, except to the two dead trees. In another field a tree of Pond's Seedling Plum was dressed with Zh lbs. of magnesia. No good resulted, and a dress- ing of 7 lbs. of complete artificial manure has now been applied. It is a pity that a heavy dressing of sulphate of iron was not tried alone and a heavy one of mixed artificial manures also alone. A Disappointing Manurial Experiment. For the third season in succession a liberal dressing of mixed artificial manures (8 cwts. per acre) has been applied to an orchard of Apples and Black Currants, with the exception of one row. The mixture in 1910 and 1911 consisted of two parts of superphosphate to one part each of sul- phate of ammonia and muriate of potash, while in 1912 nitrate of soda rJplaced the sulphate of ammonia, and sulphate of pot- ash was used instead of muriate. Care- ful examination on several occasions showed no difference between the manured and unmanured trees and bushes of the same varieties until this season, just before the Black Currants were picked, and then the only difference was darker colour and more vigour in the leaves of the manured Black Currants, ■which may be attributed to the nitrate of soda. No dif- ference in size of bushes or quantity or size of fruit could be seen, and none of any kind was noticeable in the Apple trees — not even in colour of leaves. The trees and bushes are now in the sixth season from the planting, and ajaparently they have not been in need of manure, as they have grown well. But perhaps the inoperative- ness of the manures may be accounted for by the fact that the field was dressed heavily with artificial manures for Potacos two or three times before the fruit trees and bushes were planted. Elsewhere, how- ever, there has often been great difficulty in seeing any effect from artificial manures. I am disposed to think that for fruit trees and bushes the old saying — " there's no- thing like muck " — holds good, as some marked improvement in trees dressed liberally with this natural manure has been noticed in three of my orchards. In one of two reports from different experiment sta- tions in the United States recently re- ceived, the results of manuring Apple trees with farmyard and artificial manures for a number of years are declared to be prac- tically unnoticeable, while great benefits are shown in the other rejjort to have re- sulted in a different part of the country. In this case, the best results were obtained from very heavy annual dressings of mixed artificial manures ; but it may be doubted whether the farmyard manure was of very high quality. Apples Dropping. Early Apples, and particularly Beauty of Bath and Early Julyan, are dropping from the trees to an extent even greater than that of last season. These two varieties are peculiarly liable to dropping, much of the fallen fruit being up to half the mature size. Probably the May drought and aphis attack together may be held accountable for the dropping. Beauty of Bath is always one of the varieties most infested with aphis. Fully half its crop this season will probably drop before the fruit is mature. A Southern Grower. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [July 13, 1912. SPANISH AND DUTCH IRISES. In an arficle on Iris filifolia, wEich appeared in the Gardeners' Chronicle for September 23, 1911 (p. 218), I men- tioned the fact that it was not the true I. filifolia but another plant, which often appears under this name in catalogues and which might more appropriately be called I. xiphium prsscox from its early-flower- ing habit, that was one of the parents of the hybrid " Dutch " Irises. I went on to say that the statement that aU the known species of Spanish Irises were combined to produce these Dutch Irises was probably erroneous, for not one of them shows any trace of perianth tube, which would almost certainly have appeared sooner or later if either I. tingitana, I. Boissieri or I. juncea had been among the parents. I am sorry that this statement should have seemed to question the accuracy of the raiser's account of the origin of these hybrids, and it would have been doubt- less more correct if I had said that none of the hybrids that I had seen showed any trace of any other parent than I. xiphium and its varieties praecox and lusitanica. Mr. C. G. Van Tubergen, of Haarlem, the raiser, has assured me that the pollen of both I. tingitana and other species wa^ used to fertilise the pseudo-filifolia or xiphium prsecox. This statement I do not wish to traverse, but I am afraid I must still maintain that, except possibly in the shape of the blade of the falls and in the soft blue colouring of some magnificent flowers that Mr. Van Tubergen recently sent me, I have failed to find any trace of that structural difference which separates all the other species from I. xiphium. This difference is found in the perianth tube. In I. xiphium this is very short and funnel-shaped, and, as the flower withers, often breaks off from the top of the ovary with the withered remains of the segments. In all the other species, this short funnel- shaped upper end of the tube is separated from the ovary by a narrow, linear tube half an inch or more in length, which even when withered clings much more closely to the ovary. None of the Dutch Irises that I have seen shows any trace of this linear perianth tube, and Mr. Van Tubergen admits that he has found no trace of it among his stock. This is the more curious because I had in flower this year a few plants of a cross of I xiphium x I. tingitana, which we owe to the skill of Sir Michael Foster. In this hybrid a linear tube of over half an inch is present, showing apparently that in the first generation of hybrids the presence of the linear tube is a dominant characteristic. It had occurred to me that the seed parent might possibly have been I. tingi- tana, but Foster certainly called the hybrid I. xiphium X tingitana in a letter addressed to me not many weeks before his death. Another fact that tends to prove that I. xiphium was the seed parent is that the hybrid flowers freely every year and that the buds do aot succumb to late spring frosts after the annoying fashion of those of I. tingitana, when the bulbs of the latter have at last been induced to flower. This year both I. tingitana and I. xiphium x tingitana were growing here almost side by side and were in bud early in April. Then came the sharp frosts that played such havoc with the undeveloped flower shoots of I. germanica and caused large clumps of this species to remain apparently flowerless, though the frost- bitten immature flower stems could be dissected out of the bases of the tufts of leaves. These frosts killed the buds of I. tingitana entirely, but left those of the hybrid unharmed, so that they opened on April 15, which must surely be almost a record for a Spanish Iris flowering un- protected in the open. The question of the date at which Spanish Irises flower is very curious. Only to-day (July 3) I have received from the south of France a few bulbs of what must probably be one of the last remaining colonies of I. xiphium that still survive in the wild state in France. These were found in flower on June 30, quite close to the Mediterranean on the coast of Herault, although it was supposed that the exten- FlG. g. — DAPHNE X THAUMA : COLOUR OF FLOWERS, PINK. (D. rupestris x D. striata.) sion of the vineyards right down to the sea- shore along that coast had exterminated the colonies of I. xiphium tliat used to grow there. It might certainly have been expected that I. xiphium would have flowered a month or two earlier in such a warm locality, for with regard to other Irises the month of April there corre- sponds to June in the south of England. The fact that the wild I. xiphium may flower so late, even in such a locality, tends, however, to show that it is unwise to separ- ate from that species such Spanish plants as have been described under the names of I. serotina, Willkomm, and I. Taitii, Foster. Willkomm' s name of serotina was given to a plant which was found in flower in August and September. Her- barium specimens also show that I. xiphium can be obtained in flower in August and even in September at a height of over 5,000 feet on the Sierras de Cazorla and del Pinar in the south of Spain. I. Taitii has been in cultivation here for several years now and flowers at the end of June or early in July. In spite, however, of the existence of these late-flowering forms of I. xiphium, I cannot admit that the early-flowering character of a hybrid is evidence that its parents were species other than I. xiphium. Several hybrids of I. xiphium prsecox, crossed with poUen of I. lusi- tanica, which is only a yellow-flowered form of I. xiphium, certainly flower a week or two before either of their parents with the first of the Dutch Irises, with which they seem to be identical. It is an interesting speculation to try to discover the nearest point of contact between bulbous and rhizomatous Irises. It seems not impossible that this may be found in I. xiphium and I. spuria. The form of the segments of the two flowers is identical, the spathes are not dissimilar, and when, as sometimes happens in strong- growing examples of I. xiphium prsecox and of hybrids raised from it, a lateral flower develops on a short vertical branch, the resemblance to I. spuria is particularly striking. That I am not alone in seeing the re- semblance between I. xiphium and I. spuria is proved by the fact that some years ago I was informed that flowers of I. hyerensis were on their way to me from the south of France. Imagine my surprise when, on opening the box, I found a num- ber of fine flowers of I. tingitana which had been picked and sent to me by mistake for I. hyerensis. The latter, by the way, is nothing but a cultivated form of I. spuria, in spite of its reputed origin from a cross between a Ksempferi hybrid and I. xiphioides ! It is probablj' only one more example of the process which is continually going on in any collection of Irises, and by which self-sown seedlings of such self- fertOized species as I. spuria, I. Pseuda- coriis, I. versicolor or I. setosa come up where other seeds have been sown and have failed to germinate or where other and rarer species have failed in the struggle for existence. W. R. Dijkes, Charterhouse, Godalm ing. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. DAPHNE X THAUMA (D. rupesteis x D. striata).* As I do not know of any natural hybrid amoni; the European Daphnes (or, indeed, any others), I believe that the following discovery will be considered of special interest. While scrambling very slowly and cautiously last year upon one of the peculiarly unpleasant cliffs inhabited by Daphne rupestris, I came upon a mass or cushion of glossy verdure that for the first moment * Daphne x Thauma (D. rupestris x D. striata).— Frutex dense caespitosus, inter specie57p^rentes manifeste intermedius, aspectu magis ad D. rupestreni, colore florum ad D. striatam approximans. Ramuli lignosi, erecti vel paullo depressi, cm. 6-7 rarius excedentes. Folta dimidio majora quatn in D. rupestre, minora quam in D. striata, laetissime imprimis virentia ac niientia ; dehinc obscuriora ; ovata-lanceolata, alveolata, carinata, tandem mart;inibus paullulo revolutis, ita ut quasi ovata videantur, crassitudine tamen et coarctatione foliarum D. rupestris fere carentia, etiamsi duriora ac magis coriacea quam folia D. striatae. Flores in natura ratios (ut videtur) emissae, in capitulo paucifloro (5-8), ad colorem dilute roseam D, striatae magis accedentes, sedtubo villoso obscutius porphyreo D. rupestris praeditae valde suaveolentes. In scopulo uno abrupto, nee facile accessu, montis tom- beanensis inventa (locis tamem apertioribus quam rupes illi praerupti ac nudi quibus maxime gaudet D. rupestris) haec planta hybrida. in hortos mox translata, robuste floruit, Moresque libenter emisit, documento habitus speciebus parentibus multo validioris. July 13, 1912.] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 23 suggested some curious Arctostaphylos. Another moment's inspection showed me, however, that the plant was a Daphne, being neither D. rupes- ti-is nor D. striata (on the mountain classically famous for the former species), but, on the other hand, precisely intermediate between the two. With great care I secured portions of the plant, and these, contrary to the fashion among Daphnes, have thriven and grown with a sur- prising readiness, which cannot be an inheritance from either parent. At the same time I must pre- mise that the accompanying photograph (see fig. 9), taken on May 23, 1912, in the rock-garden at Ingleborough (from a re-established clump col- lected on the Cima Tombea in August, 1911), by no means represents as yet the lush and lavish mat of verdure that is a distinguishing feature of Daphne X Thauma. On my fourth visit to the Tombea a month ago, I adventured further upon the cliff, and discovered one more large mass of the hybrid, as well as a smaller piece in flower. These remain inviolate on the Tombea, which I think can be well trusted to safe- guard its own secrets without the disguise of pseudonyms. The hybrid seems to occupy more open ledges and places less bare of soil than the pitiless rock-faces affected by D. rupestris. Daphne X Thauma (D. rupestris X D. striatal stands midway between its parents. It forms a dense csespitose mass 1 foot or 18 inches across. The branches are erect or slightly decumbent, rarely exceeding some 1^-2 inches in length, and growing with .such luiiformity as to give the effect of a green cushion. The leaves are approximately twice the size of those of D. rupestris and half that of those of D. striata ; they are channelled and keeled, lanceolate-ovate, brilliantly glossy (as in D. rupestris) on the current year's growth, and then deepening to a less shining tone of green. As the season goes on tlieir edges become thickened or revolute, so as to produce the effect of being rotundate- ovate, the point appearing to sink in between the shoulders on either side ; in substance they are intermediate, less dense and hard than those of D. rupestris, but much more so than the com- paratively flaccid leaves of D. striata (the illus- tration well shows their distinctive gloss). The flowers seem in nature to be rarely produced ; neither of the large, lucent mats discovered had any sign of bud or blossom. In cultivation, however, the plant, besides its gratifying speed of recovery and adaptability of temper, shows a much greater generosity in the matter of flowers. These are produced in spai-se heads of 5-8 blooms, and, despite their greater size and beauty, approximate more nearly in their soft, pale pink to the pallid tones of D. striata than to the dazzling clear rose of D. rupestris. Of this latter species, however, they have the darkly-flushed tube. I have seen no trace of fruit (never, indeed, on D. rupestris, and rarely on D. striata). Cima Tombea, August 2, 1911, and June 9, 1912. Rerjinald Fairer. THE ROSARY. L/ELIO-GATTLEYA BARONESS EMMA. The beautiful hybrid Orchid illustrated in fig. 10 was raised from the fine original L. C. eximia (L. purpurata x C. Warneri) and a special form of the natural hybrid Cattleya Hardyana (Warscewiczii x Dowiana aurea). The plant was awarded a First-class Certificate at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on June 18 last, when exhibited by Baron Bruno Schroder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill). In size, form, and colour of the flower, and in the substance of the segments, L.-C. Baroness Emma is a great improvement on L.-C. eximia. The thick substance of the flower and the rich, velvety ruby-crimson of the lip may be traced to Cattleya Hardyana. The sepals and petals are silver-white, tinged and veined with bright rose-pink. The tube of the lip is white, with dark lines at the base, and the disc shows yellow colour, derived from Cattleya Wars- cewiczii. REMINISCENCES OF THE " INTERNATIONAL." Outside the classes for new Roses at the " In- ternational," there were in several groups, notably in those of Messrs. Paul & Son, Ches- hunt, and jMessrs. Wm. Paul, of Waltham Cross, certain Roses of recent introduction which are worth mention. One of the most striking of these was Magnolia, so called from its general resemblance to flowers of the Jlagnolia ; they are scarcely more than semi-double, but possess large outer or guard petals with crinkled edges, and the form of the flower is very graceful. As shown, they were cream-coloured, but the raisers describe the Rose as a derivative of Marechal Niel and deep orange- under glass. It is not a full flower, not much more so than Papa Gontier, but it has long, oval buds with petals of good substance, and, no doubt, will be most charming in the stage just before the flowers expand. Some fine flowers of Lady Alice Stanley were shown. Down to the present this Rose has been somewhat disappointing on account of its rough outer petals, but under glass these seem to come smooth enough. Portia, a large flower, creamy-white with pale- rose centre, was well shown at the Temple Show, 1911, but I had scarcely seen it since. It would seem to be of that rather stumpy habit techni- cally called robust, which perhaps makee it par- ticularly suitable for growing under glass. Mrs. Charles Hunter is a very striking colour; most of us know the colour of strawberry ice; if this is made rather deeper and richer we get something very near this Rose. Fig. 10. — L.ELIO-CATTLEVA BARONESS EMMA: SEPALS AND PETALS WHITE TINGED AND VEINED WITH ROSE-PINK; LIP PURPLISH-CRIMSON. (\ NAT. SIZE.) yellow or golden-yellow, so perhaps the colour comes deeper on outdoor plants. I was pleased to see Freda again. At the autumn show of 1911 it was obviously not at its best, but I thought it seemed promising even then. It is a large Rose with a good point and globular centre, the colour being a distinct shade of pink, more pro- nounced towards the edges, the body colour approaching a Peach tint. It certainly seems to do well under glass, and I noticed it ae free- flowering out-of-doors during last autumn, so it should be a useful garden Rose also. " My Maryland " was to be found in several plices, and, as one might expect from a Rose with an -American name, will certainly be useful Souvenir de Gustave Prat, a Rose of French origin, would appear to have a good habit and to be free-flowering ; it was noticeable in several groups. The flower has large petals of a sulphur- yellow colour loosely put together. Jonkheer J. L. Mock was shown very much in the condition we saw it last year at the Temple. It has a fine pink colour and a large petal squarely set in the flower. Ophelia I should like to see again before form- ing a definite opinion ; it was a pretty Rose, no doubt, but the inner petals seemed too short to be quite pleasing ; at the same time, the shades of salmon, and rose were fresh and attractive. White Rose. 24 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jm-Y 13, 1912. NOTICES OF BOOKS. Cucumber Culture. • This work, the sub-title states, is " A hand- book dealing with the cultivation of Cucumbers in glasshouses and frames, suitable for amateur, market, and professional gardeners." Chapter I deals with the average crop, cost of production, including manure, fuel, carriage, cartage, and labour. Chapter 11 relates to capital charges, which are based on the cost of erection and up- keep of house and cost of production of crop in 600 feet run of glasshouse. The author esti- mates that the plants should produce two flats of Cucumbers per foot of house during the season, making a total of 1,200 flats, equal to 24 tons of fruit. If these are estimated at an average chapters are devoted to the various insect pests and fungous diseases which attack Cucumber plants. The advice to pot the seedling plants direct into 5-inch pots, instead of the customary 3-inch size, will not commend itself to all cultiva- tors. On p. 39 it is stated that if "no shading is used, air will be needed when the temperature rises to 73°, and that more air must be gradually admitted as it goes up." This advice is contrary to the method of ventilation practised by all good Cucumber growers, %vho very seldom admit any fresh air to their Cucumber houses before the end of March, and then not before the thermometer has indicated 90° or 95°. Shading is rarely used except during such exceptionally hot weather as we experienced last summer. The object of the grower of Cucumbers for market should be to obtain all the Fig. II. — poLYPODiUM mandaiani'M. (Awarded R.H.S. Firsl-class Certificale at the Holland House Show. See page 16 ante.) price of 5s. per flat, they would realise £300. The total cost of production, including fuel and carriage, is given as £175. The author considers that an expert workman would be able to look after the 600 feet run of Cucum- ber houses, doing all the stopping, tying, water- ing, damping, and cutting, but would require assistance when top-dressing and packing. Five chapters are devoted to such subjects as houses and their preparation, soil for the crop, raising the plants, general treatment, such as planting, training, watering, and damping, shading, top- dressing, feeding, temperature, ventilation, and packing of the fruit for market. Cucumbers in frames on hot-beds are dealt with, whilst three • Cucumber Culture, by W. Dyke. (London : The Lock- wood Press.) Price Is. net. fruit possible from strong, vigorous-growing plants within as short a time as possible. Young and vigorous plants, when kept well supplied with water at the roots, and in a uniformly moist atmosphere, revel in high temperatures. The hook will prove helpful to those who contem- plate growing Cucumbers for market. H. W. W. Transactions of the National Chry- santhemum Society, 191i.* Encouraged by the success which attended the publication of the report of the conference held in 1910 under the title of The Culture and Exhibition of Large Chrysanthemum Blooms, the Publications Committee of the National Chry- santhemum Society decided to publish a yearly " Price Is. lo non-members. volume of Transactions. The first number con- tains much valuable information, and members who were unable to attend the conference in 1911 will be specially interested in the reports of the discussions on the papers on " Chrysan- themums for Market" and " SoU Preparation and Some Chemical Foods for Chrysanthemums." SCOTLAND. THE ROSE SEASON. The season of Roses may be said to have opened very inauspiciously this year — amid veritable floods of rain. As a natural conse- quence, many of the finest of the earlier flower- buds suffered severely, a large proportion of them being destroyed. I especially lamented the loss of some of the grandest blooms on Frau Karl Druschki. If this pure-white variety had only fragrance and a somewhat fuller centre, such as that which is the endowment of Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, for example, or the superb Marchioness of Londonderry, it would be as near to perfection as it is possible for human imagination to conceive. White Maman Cochet, which is unfolding its lovely blooms at present, in more favourable atmospheric influences, is also a very attractive Rose, but it can hardly be described with any expressiveness as being pure white, since it manifestly exhibits, even in its earlier stages, a distinct shading of yellow. Its pendulous habit is very regrettable ; it is even more pronounced than in that invaluable derivative from Souvenir d'un Ami, namely, the snow-white, richly-odorous Souvenir de S. A. Prince. The Bride, which is a daughter of Catherine Mermet, is, like the latter exquisite \ ariety, somewhat difficult to open, and does aot, therefore, succeed in such a season as we have, for the most part, experienced this year. An occasional shower is an inspiration to Roses in their floral development ; but, on the other hand, they may easily get too much rain, and, before they have the privilege of expanding, be utterly destroyed. None suffer more from such adverse influences than the pure-white varie- ties, and especially those to which I have in- cidentally referred. Among Roses of comparatively recent intro- duction, some of the finest this season are Duchess of Westminster (a variety of refined form and lovely complexion) and Viscount Car- low. Florence Haswell Veitch, of splendid Ljrowth (a rare attribute in many modern Roses), has a semi-climbing habit, and great florifer- ousness, but its fine dark, crimson colour was seriously affected at first by the influence of heavy rains. Leslie Holland and Countess of Shrewsbury were most deservedly awarded the Gold Medal at the National Rose Society. I have also at present in radiant bloom a new variety, of medium size, highly effective and fascinating in its fragrance, which, I believe, has not yet been introduced. It ought to prove a veritable acquisition. The most luxuriantly- flowering Rose in my garden this season, falling in what Dean Hole would have described as " cascades of flowers " from the brandies of a venerable Damson tree, has been the Waltliam Bride, though Hiawatha, probably the finest of the Wichuraianas, promises to be almost equally commanding in its floral effect, which is greatly enhanced by its extremely picturesque situation, growing upwards most gracefully and pyramid- ally through the branches of an Ailanthus or " Tree of Heaven," which has not reached a heavenly height in my garden. Towering above it is a remarkably fine specimen of Magnolia Watsonii, which, dur- ing this extremely variable season, has borne nearly 40 magnificent flowers (with the aspect of Water Lilies opening on a Laurel), many of July 13, 1912.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 25 them almost 6 inches across. Like some of the Hybrid Tea and Hybrid Perpetual Roses, this Japanese Magnolia, inspired by the season, flowered twice last year. It is not yet too late to record this achievement, at least incidentally, in the pages of the Gardeners' Chronicle. Some of the new Roses, as I have indicated, are very charming, though, perhaps, consider- ably more in aspect than in fragrance ; but I atill cling fondly to the older varieties, which, in virtue of their great attributes, have stood the test of time. I sometimes wonder what our Rose gardens, with all their recent acquisitions, would be like without such pre-eminently vigorous and grandly-flowering varieties as La France, Clio, Margaret Dickson (here flower- ing at a height of 21 fe«t), Caroline Test- out, Viscountess Folkestone, Clara Watson, Devoniensis, Beauty of Waltham, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Arthur, Mrs. Sharman Crawford (not surpassed by any of the latest Newtownards introductions), and Mrs. John Laing? I hope the day is very far distant when any of these shall be relegated to oblivion. The sweetest Rose in my garden within the last fortnight has been my Enijlish namesake ; the grandest, an individual bloom of Pharisaer, closely approximating to 7 inches across. David B. Williamson, Wigtownshire. THE FLORA OF FORMOSA. Having recently spent two months in this island, little known to any but Japanese botanists, though my colleague, Dr. Henry, was the first to publish a list of its flora, I am able to form some idea of its vegetation, of which I had heard such glowing accounts. The island lies between 21° 40' and 25° 30' N. Lat., and is, therefore, entirely within the tropics. It con- sists of a mountainous backbone rising at two points to over 12,000 feet elevation, and falling on the east side in very high and steep cliffs to the sea. On the west, the foot-hills are bounded by a very fertile plain, which produces large quantities of Sugar, Rice, and other tropical crops, and on the north are lower hills, on which a good deal of Oolong Tea, exported largely to the United States, is grown. The flora of the plains, lower hills, and of parts of tho central mountain range is fairly well known, the most recent list of Formosan plants, by the Government botanist, Mr. Kawakami, containing no fewer than some 2,700 species. But a great part of the interior, and especially of the high mountain range in the north, known to Europeans as Mt. Sylvia, is unknown or but little explored, because the aborigines are so hostile that no one can go into their country .without great risk of being killed, head-hunting being the favourite pursuit of some of these tribes from time immemorial. Although, since their occupation of the island in 1895, the Japanese have done an immense deal to civilise the country, and the plains are safer to travel in than are some parts of Europe, it is at present quite impossible to visit many districts, and though a large force of police is engaged in trying to subdue the mountain tribes, yet the hope of getting to really new ground with wliicli I left England has been disappointed. Nevertheless, the Japa- nese Government has given us so much help in districts that are safe, that we have already made a considerable collection of plants, and I have little doubt that my companion, Mr. W. R. Price, who intends to remain during the whole summer and autumn in the island, will enrich Kew with the finest set of Formosan plants that has yet come to Europe. , From what we have seen, I expect that these plants will be of more interest to botanists and foresters than to gardeners, for the climate, even of the mountain ranges up to 8,000 feet, which is as high as we have yet ascended, is, even in the coldest season of the year, so mild, that few of tlie plants, trees, or shrubs are likely to be hardy in England, and the really Alpine plants found above 9,000 to 10,000 feet seem but few in num- ber, and not likely in most cases to be popular garden plants. The first thing that struck me on entering the central mountain range of Arisan, which is at present the most accessible of the higher ranges, was its general resemblance to some parts of the Sikkim Himalayas. The virgin forest has been for a long period cut and burnt by the Chinese settlers, who went into the hills to collect cam- phor, and have settled in the most fertile spots up to about 3,000 feet. Areca Palms and Pineapples are grown nearly up to 3,000 feet, and also large areas of a valuable Bamboo (Phyllxstachys bambusoides), which is now being worked up into a coarse paper. Great quantities of Longan trees (Nephelium Longana) have been planted by the Chinese, and their fruit is an important ex- port to China. Pandanus, Musa, Rattans, and another stemless Palm, whose name is at present Aphrodite, which was formerly common at the south end of the island, but which is now be- coming quite rare in accessible districts, as it ia collected for sale by the natives. At the time I was there, in February, it was in full flower, though the weather, considering the latitude, was very windy and cold (50° to 60°) at night. In the Arisan forest, at 6,000 to 7,000 feet, are quantities of a Dendrobiura with long, thin pseudo-bulbs, which are collected for some medicinal use by the Chinese. I saw several other Dcndrobes, one with whitish flowers, resembling D. crepidalum, and a variety of D. nobile in the mountains of the north. I also saw a fine variety of Phaius giandiflorus, cultivated in gardens, and a beautiful white Calanthe, with flowers twice as large as those of C. veratrifolia, of which it may be a variety. Among the most remark- able plants is a Vanilla, supposed by the Japane.5e botanists to be a variety of Vanda Griffithii, which we found at about 2,000 feet in the north, growing over the trunk of Liboced- a^ST'iSJffifeifei&ivJr- Fig. 12. — CARNATION JOHN RIDD: A YELLOW-GROUND "FANCY" MARKED WITH ROSE-PINK. (Received an Award of Merit at tlie Holland Park Show. See p. 16 in last issue.) doubtful, form a conspicuous feature in the forest up to 2,000 or 3,000 feet, together with a particularly fine species of Alpmia, allied to A. nutans; a very ornamental-leaved Aroid. which may be an undescribed species and (on the trees) many large plants of the Fern, Asplenium nidus. The trees generally in the lower forests are not large, all the best, including the Camphor trees, having been cut by the Chinese ; but they are much covered with large climbing plants, such as Entada scandens, Mucuna, and climbing Hydrangeas. In addition the many species of Ferns, Mosses and other epiphytes lend great beauty to the forest scenes. We found a very handsome Eriobotrya here, which is probably new. Orchids are, in some districts, plentiful, and more than 100 species are found in the island ; but by far the greater number are in- conspicuous, and of more interest to the botanist than to the gardener. The only really fine species is Phalaenopsis rus, and having thick, fleshy leaves and stems, 10 to 15 feet long, with pink and green flowers. Of Lilies, we found two in flower. One, which the Japanese call longiflorum, or philippinense, but which I consider much more nearly allied to Brownii, is abundant in the north about Tanisui and up to nearly 3,000 feet. It bears from one to eight or nine flowers, and would, if imported in quantity, probably become a valuable plant for forcing, as it naturally flowers about Easter. The other is either a variety of L. speciosum, or a nearly-allied species, and is not yet determined. We only found this in one place, where it grew on steep rocks, and the first flowers were just open on March 30. In the same mountains a beautiful Hydrangea and a splendid white Rose, allied to R. laevigata, were in great perfection, a^.d Mr. Price found a few of last year's fruits, which I have brought home. A large white or pink Rhododendron, and a large red Azalea were conspicuous on the hillsides where they occurred. 26 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jttlt 13, 1912. but not numerous. A fine Crinura, probably C. sinicum, was seen out of flower in the same district. At this season very few plants were in seed, or in a condition to send home alive ; but Mr. Price will do his best to bring home any that seem worthy of general cultivation. Of the very remarkable endemic Conifers, which were the principal object of my visit, I was able to see all but Cunninghamia Konishii, which is only known in one locality, which I could not reach ; but want of space will not allow me to mention them here, and they are described in the Journal of Forestry for July. The season of the year was too early for me to eee many herba- ceous plants in flower. Among the most hand- some were Tricyrtis sp., Paris formosana, re- sembling the Himalayan P. polyphylla ; a large Arisa^ma, also near the Himalayan Arisaema con- cinua; and several small but interesting Violets. A most interesting discovery on Mt. Randal was a Shortia, hardly yet in flower, but probably Shortia uniflora ; and a Scitaminaceous plant, of which the genus is unknown to me and may be new. It seems very doubtful whether the Cycas described as C. taiwaniana by Carruthers now exists in the island, and the evi- dence given by Sir W. Thiselton-Dyer in Journal Linn. Soc., 26 pp. 560 and 561, is not con- firmed by any of the Japanese botanists whom I asked about this plant. It is doubtful whether any species of Cycas is found in Formosa, and C. revoluta, which is naturalised in a very limited area near Kagoshima, in South Japan, is probably not indigenous. H.J. Elwes. NUNEHAM PARK. (See figs. 13-15, 17 and Supplementary Illustration.) The country residence of the Rt. Hon. Lewis Harcourt, M.P., is situated amidst most delightful surroundings at an angle abnost equally distant from the historical city of 0.\- ford and the market town of Abingdon. Culham, on the Great Western Railway, is the nearest station, and on leaving the train the visitor im- mediately enters the Nuneham estate. The way lies along a gently-rising drive, with well-con- sidered curves, in a broad, undulating park. About midway the park proper is entered through an arched lodge. Here, when we visited Nuneham a week ago, the grass was just ripe for the scythe, and when we returned an hour or two later three mowing machines had done so much work that the landscape was altered ; the rich brown waving flower-spikes had been laid low, leaving swathes of pale pea-green. Away on either side there are belts of trees with fresh green foliage, bordered with tangled masses of wild Roses — real wild Roses — with dainty, pink-edged petals surrounding golden stamens ; flowers with all too short lives but of transcendent beauty. The woods are composed chiefly of shining Beech and feathery Larch, with here and there a lofty Elm, that told of deep, fertile soil. Amongst the more solitary park trees there are many old Thorns — Thorns so old that the trunks of many of them are hollow at the base. We paused to specu- late on the significance of the Thorn trees to be seen in so many English parks. Were they planted in these irregular, thin groups of set purpose, or did Nature place them there for discerning owners of the properties to treasure them? Around the trees fallow deer graze in the deep pastures, with a watchful eye on their babies of varying colours and markings. Giant emus and rheas also find a home — the former have young — in this portion of the park, whilst in another place kangaroos may be seen carrying their progeny in their pouches. The mansion is reached through a pair of hammered gates. The enclosure is bor- dered by a good hedge of Cistus laurifolius and lines of Roses : the French variety Hermosa, Jfhich has numerous mauve flowers, instantly at- tracts attention, and harmonizes pleasantly with the Chinese monthly Roses. Immediately in front of the mansion the family crest is dis- played in dwarf shrubs (see fig. 14). A pea- cock in green Box surmounts a golden crown set out in a yellow-leaved variety of the same shrub. Wall Shkubs. The Elizabethan mansion is clothed with many interesting and tmcommon shrubs, which have made excellent growth during the few years they have been planted. On the north face, Lonicera gigantea superba has long trails of rich golden flowers : Berchemia volubilis has grown up finely ; Periploca grseca has climbed fully 35 feet, and the growths are terminated with many of its curious brown, green-tipped flowers ; a Forsythia, here labelled F. superba (Decumaria barbara?), flowered freely in the spring ; Clematis montana rubra in this aspect develops unusually fine colour. The eastern angle of the house has good Bay trees in tubs, and Fuchsia fulgens in old leaden cisterns. On this wall there are many shrubby climbers, in- cluding various Clematises ; C. coccinea, a very large C. montana grandiflora, and such varieties as Countess Onslow. Ipomoea Leari flowers The TERR.4.CES. The terrace gardens are very attractive fea- tures of Nuneham. Next to the house the ter- race is paved with irregularly-laid paving stones, and many lowly, sweet-smelling plants have been placed between the stones. This terrace is devoted to Roses, which are planted in large, rectangular beds of one variety. The deep red Hugh Dickson, the pink Caroline Testout, and the white Frau Karl Druschki, are wonderfully successful, and almost smother the Viola Maggie Mott, which carpets the beds. The next terrace is also fiUed with Roses, but here the terrace is of gravel, and the beds are bordered with Mrs. Sinkins Pink. In the centre there is a beauti- ful bronze statue, and around the granite base cluster the dainty flowers of Cecile Brun- ner Rose. The beds on this terrace are also restricted to separate varieties, such as Killar- ney, Beaute Inconstans, President Carnot, An- toine Rivoire, and L'Ideal. The retaining wall is covered with Clematis Nellie Moser, and ha* a border furnished with Rose Mme. Abel Chatenay. Below the Rose terraces there is the " Nym- phiean Terrace," with a small, stone-enclosed pool of Water Lilies, a paved walk, and beds Fig. 13. — NUNEHAM PARK : SUNDIAL WORKED IN BOX. well ; Acacia dealbata appears to be quite at home ; Magnolia Campbellii flowered two years ago, but does not seem to be quite happy. Vitis Henryi, in an angle of the house, where it is warm but shaded from the noon-day sun, does extremely well. Magnolia macrophylla is growing only moderately well. There are several sorts of Ceanothus which have flowered pro- fusely and now bear fruits, notably C. rigidus, C. dentatus and C. papillosus. Actinidia Kolo- mikta has uncommon leaves, the terminal halves being coloured rosy-purple. Clematis iethusiaefolia finds a place next to a Marechal Niel Rose. Many of the wall shrubs which we are accustomed to see in the gardens of Cornwall and other warm districts are represented at Nuneham, and are quite vigorous, e.g., Lapageria rosea, Carpen- teria californica, Solanum crispum, Tricuspidaria depeiidens, Trachelospermum jasminoides, Ed- wardsia microphyUa, Akebia quinata, Solanum jasminoides and Clianthus puniceus. There is also a large plant of Wistaria chinensia which has spread around the side of the house and embraces a balcony. Myrtles flower and fruit alongside the white and yellow Banksian Roses. planted with shrubs. Standards of Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora, which line the middle of these beds, promise to be exceptionally fine. The herbaceous borders around this garden are gay with flowers, and the walls are clothed with a great variety of shrubs, the most uncommon being Distylum racemosum, Cestrum lucidum, C. aurantiacum, Adenocarpus anagyrus, and Coprosma lucida. Outside the terrace there are more uncommon wall plants, and in the border there are bushes of Leptospermimi scopariura (L. bullatum) 3 to 4 feet high. On the other side of the walk there stretches a long narrow " Blue " border in which Anchusas, Del- phiniums, Campanulas and Aconitums are in fuU bloom. The path to a large croquet terrace, which is bordered with pink Roses, overlooks a bank covered with various Wichuraiana Roses, which have grown rampantly. These terraces are comparatively new features at Nuneham ; it was a happy inspiration that prompted the owner of Nuneham and Mrs. Harcourt to make these charming additions to their home. Under the guidance of Mr. C. E. Munday, the able head gardener, who has cared for the Supplement to the '* Gardeners* Chronicle." Photographs by H . N. King. NuNEHAM Park, Oxfordshire, the residence of the Rt. Hon. Lewis Harcourt, M.P. Printed by Temple Press Ltd., London, E.C, July 13, 1912.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. '11 gardens for the past 15 years, and who superin- tended the extensive alteration at Nuneham, wo reluctantly left the terraces, with their beautiful Rose gardens and brilliant herbaceous borders, but there were fresh attractions in store ; a long walk, bordered with dwarf French Lavender, disclosed a living sun-dial (see fig. 13). The gnomon is a growing Box, pruned and trained into correct shape, and is as tall as a man ; the hours on the large dial are also of Box. We next pass by large groups of Rosa rugosa. Rose Gruss an Teplitz, a fine Rhus Cotinus, placed for autumn effect, on our way to the " Wall Walk," which is nearly 700 feet long, and contains a variety of Alpine and other plants. We passed up the steps {see Supplementary Illustra- tion), taking care not to unduly crush the Pansies or the Pinks, or any of the Rockfuils which luxuriate in them. In the sprmg time many bulbous plants serve to brighten these stone walls. Space does not permit the mention of a tithe of tUe plants which grow so well, but we feel that the names of some of the Cacti which thrive under this method wUl be of eepecial value. These are Opuntia camanehica gigantea, 0. pachyclada roiea, 0. rhodantlia pisciformis, 0. r. brevispina, 0. fragilis bracby- anthera, and 0. Rafinesqui. Below the wall walk there are many flowering shrubs planted in bold masses, including Cornus capitata, Enkianthus campanulata. Magnolia Alexandras, and Styrax obassia. The Dell and Boo Gabden. The far end of this interesting walk brings into view the " Pools of Silence," a series of small ponds culminating in a beautiful garden of Japanese Irises. On the left there is a col- lection of Japanese shrubs, which has only re- cently been planted. Leaving the Irises, wa ascended to the bog garden, which has been made in an open glade. Here many moisture-loving plants flourish ; Gunnera manicata, Rodgersias of several kinds, Spirseas and AstUbes, Poly- gonum amplexicaule, and smaller patches of Primula Cockburniana, and Cypripedium spec- tabile. We paused to watch the brilliant flamin- goes stalk majestically around the plants, and then continued our upward way. On either side there are large informal beds of rare trees and shrubs. Magnolia glauca, M. Watsouii, Rom- neya Coulteri, Olearia macrodonta, a standard Fremontia californica, with stout-petalled yellow flowers, Rosa sinica Anemone riot- ing up Larch poles, a tall Eucalyptus ooccifera The Rose Gaeden. In a quiet place is an old-style R